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Kashani B, Zandi Z, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Yousefi AM, Ghaffari SH, Bashash D. The PI3K signaling pathway; from normal lymphopoiesis to lymphoid malignancies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:493-512. [PMID: 38690706 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2350629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a vital mechanism of survival, lymphopoiesis requires the collaboration of different signaling molecules to orchestrate each step of cell development and maturation. The PI3K pathway is considerably involved in the maturation of lymphatic cells and therefore, its dysregulation can immensely affect human well-being and cause some of the most prevalent malignancies. As a result, studies that investigate this pathway could pave the way for a better understanding of the lymphopoiesis mechanisms, the undesired changes that lead to cancer progression, and how to design drugs to solve this issue. AREAS COVERED The present review addresses the aforementioned aspects of the PI3K pathway and helps pave the way for future therapeutic approaches. In order to access the articles, databases such as Medicine Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were utilized. The search formula was established by identifying main keywords including PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, Lymphopoiesis, Lymphoid malignancies, and inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION The PI3K pathway is crucial for lymphocyte development and differentiation, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention in lymphoid cancers. Studies are focused on developing PI3K inhibitors to impede the progression of hematologic malignancies, highlighting the pathway's significance in lymphoma and lymphoid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Kashani
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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McCaleb MR, Miranda AM, Khammash HA, Torres RM, Pelanda R. Regulation of Foxo1 expression is critical for central B cell tolerance and allelic exclusion. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114283. [PMID: 38796853 PMCID: PMC11246624 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Resolving the molecular mechanisms of central B cell tolerance might unveil strategies that prevent autoimmunity. Here, using a mouse model of central B cell tolerance in which Forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1) is either deleted or over-expressed in B cells, we show that deleting Foxo1 blocks receptor editing, curtails clonal deletion, and decreases CXCR4 expression, allowing high-avidity autoreactive B cells to emigrate to the periphery whereby they mature but remain anergic and short lived. Conversely, expression of degradation-resistant Foxo1 promotes receptor editing in the absence of self-antigen but leads to allelic inclusion. Foxo1 over-expression also restores tolerance in autoreactive B cells harboring active PI3K, revealing opposing roles of Foxo1 and PI3K in B cell selection. Overall, we show that the transcription factor Foxo1 is a major gatekeeper of central B cell tolerance and that PI3K drives positive selection of immature B cells and establishes allelic exclusion by suppressing Foxo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R McCaleb
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anjelica M Miranda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hadeel A Khammash
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Raul M Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Bharadwaj S, Groza Y, Mierzwicka JM, Malý P. Current understanding on TREM-2 molecular biology and physiopathological functions. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112042. [PMID: 38703564 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2), a glycosylated receptor belonging to the immunoglobin superfamily and especially expressed in the myeloid cell lineage, is frequently explained as a reminiscent receptor for both adaptive and innate immunity regulation. TREM-2 is also acknowledged to influence NK cell differentiation via the PI3K and PLCγ signaling pathways, as well as the partial activation or direct inhibition of T cells. Additionally, TREM-2 overexpression is substantially linked to cell-specific functions, such as enhanced phagocytosis, reduced toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory cytokine production, increased transcription of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reshaped T cell function. Whereas TREM-2-deficient cells exhibit diminished phagocytic function and enhanced proinflammatory cytokines production, proceeding to inflammatory injuries and an immunosuppressive environment for disease progression. Despite the growing literature supporting TREM-2+ cells in various diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, substantial facets of TREM-2-mediated signaling remain inadequately understood relevant to pathophysiology conditions. In this direction, herein, we have summarized the current knowledge on TREM-2 biology and cell-specific TREM-2 expression, particularly in the modulation of pivotal TREM-2-dependent functions under physiopathological conditions. Furthermore, molecular regulation and generic biological relevance of TREM-2 are also discussed, which might provide an alternative approach for preventing or reducing TREM-2-associated deformities. At last, we discussed the TREM-2 function in supporting an immunosuppressive cancer environment and as a potential drug target for cancer immunotherapy. Hence, summarized knowledge of TREM-2 might provide a window to overcome challenges in clinically effective therapies for TREM-2-induced diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Yaroslava Groza
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna M Mierzwicka
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Khoshnevisan R, Hassanzadeh S, Klein C, Rohlfs M, Grimbacher B, Molavi N, Zamanifar A, Khoshnevisan A, Jafari M, Bagherpour B, Behnam M, Najafi S, Sherkat R. B-cells absence in patients diagnosed as inborn errors of immunity: a registry-based study. Immunogenetics 2024; 76:189-202. [PMID: 38683392 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-024-01342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hypogammaglobulinemia without B-cells is a subgroup of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) which is characterized by a significant decline in all serum immunoglobulin isotypes, coupled with a pronounced reduction or absence of B-cells. Approximately 80 to 90% of individuals exhibit genetic variations in Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK), whereas a minority of cases, around 5-10%, are autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia (ARA). Very few cases are grouped into distinct subcategories. We evaluated phenotypically and genetically 27 patients from 13 distinct families with hypogammaglobinemia and no B-cells. Genetic analysis was performed via whole-exome and Sanger sequencing. The most prevalent genetic cause was mutations in BTK. Three novel mutations in the BTK gene include c.115 T > C (p. Tyr39His), c.685-686insTTAC (p.Asn229llefs5), and c.163delT (p.Ser55GlnfsTer2). Our three ARA patients include a novel homozygous stop-gain mutation in the immunoglobulin heavy constant Mu chain (IGHM) gene, a novel frameshift mutation of the B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein (CD79A) gene, a novel bi-allelic stop-gain mutation in the transcription factor 3 (TCF3) gene. Three patients with agammaglobulinemia have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, which includes a missense variant in PIK3CD, a novel missense variant in PIK3R1 and a homozygous silent mutation in the phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit (RASGRP1) gene. This study broadens the genetic spectrum of hypogammaglobulinemia without B-cells and presented a few novel variants within the Iranian community, which may also have implications in other Middle Eastern populations. Notably, disease control was better in the second affected family member in families with multiple cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Khoshnevisan
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shakiba Hassanzadeh
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- RESIST-Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF-German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Newsha Molavi
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aryana Zamanifar
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Khoshnevisan
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahbube Jafari
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahram Bagherpour
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Behnam
- Medical Genetics Laboratory of Genome, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Najafi
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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5
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Barbosa JA, Yang CT, Finatto AN, Cantarelli VS, de Oliveira Costa M. T-independent B-cell effect of agents associated with swine grower-finisher diarrhea. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:991-1001. [PMID: 38044397 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Swine dysentery, spirochetal colitis, and salmonellosis are production-limiting enteric diseases of global importance to the swine industry. Despite decades of efforts, mitigation of these diseases still relies on antibiotic therapy. A common knowledge gap among the 3 agents is the early B-cell response to infection in pigs. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the porcine B-cell response to Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Brachyspira hampsonii (virulent and avirulent strains), Brachyspira pilosicoli, and Salmonella Typhimurium, the agents of the syndromes mentioned above. Immortalized porcine B-cell line derived from a crossbred pig with lymphoma were co-incubated for 8 h with each pathogen, as well as E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a sham-inoculum (n = 3/treatment). B-cell viability following treatments was evaluated using trypan blue, and the expression levels of B-cell activation-related genes was profiled using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Only S. Typhimurium and LPS led to increased B-cell mortality. B. pilosicoli downregulated B-lymphocyte antigen (CD19), spleen associated tyrosine Kinase (syk), tyrosine-protein kinase (lyn), and Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), and elicited no change in immunoglobulin-associated beta (CD79b) and swine leukocyte antigen class II (SLA-DRA) expression levels, when compared to the sham-inoculated group. In contrast, all other treatments significantly upregulated CD79b and stimulated responses in other B-cell downstream genes. These findings suggest that B. pilosicoli does not elicit an immediate T-independent B-cell response, nor does it trigger antigen-presenting mechanisms. All other agents activated at least one trigger within the T-independent pathways, as well as peptide antigen presenting mechanisms. Future research is warranted to verify these findings in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica A Barbosa
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Christine T Yang
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arthur N Finatto
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Vinícius S Cantarelli
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Oliveira Costa
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Abrisqueta P, Nadeu F, Bosch-Schips J, Iacoboni G, Serna A, Cabirta A, Yáñez L, Quintanilla-Martínez L, Bosch F. From genetics to therapy: Unraveling the complexities of Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 120:102619. [PMID: 37660626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Richter transformation (RT) refers to the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the most prevalent leukemia among adults, into a highly aggressive lymphoproliferative disorder, primarily a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This is a severe complication that continues to be a therapeutic challenge and remains an unmet medical need. Over the last five years, significant advances have occurred in uncovering the biological processes leading to the RT, refining criteria for properly diagnose RT from other entities, and exploring new therapeutic options beyond the ineffective chemotherapy. This review summarizes current knowledge in RT, including recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of RT, in the classification of RT, and in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for this grave complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Abrisqueta
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Bosch-Schips
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Iacoboni
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Angel Serna
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alba Cabirta
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Yáñez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martínez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Tübingen University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francesc Bosch
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Guan F, Luo X, Liu J, Huang Y, Liu Q, Chang J, Fang G, Kang D, Gu H, Luo L, Yang L, Lin Z, Gao X, Liu C, Lei J. GSDMA3 deficiency reprograms cellular metabolism and modulates BCR signaling in murine B cells. iScience 2023; 26:107341. [PMID: 37539041 PMCID: PMC10393796 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism plays a crucial role in B cell differentiation and function. GSDMA3 is related to mitochondrial metabolism and is involved in immune responses. Here, we used Gsdma3 KO mice to examine the effect of GSDMA3 on B cells. The results demonstrated that GSDMA3 deficiency reprogrammed B cell metabolism, evidenced by upregulating PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling, along with elevated ROS reproduction and reduced maximal oxygen consumption rate in mitochondria. Moreover, the BCR signaling in the KO B cells was impaired. The reduced BCR signaling was associated with decreased BCR clustering, caused by inhibited activation of WASP. However, GSDMA3 deficiency had no effects on B cell development and functions in humoral immunity, which might be associated with the compensation of upregulated GSDMA2 expression and the fine balance between PI3K signaling and BCR signals interaction. Our observations reveal a previously unknown influence of GSDMA3 on B cells under physiological and immunized states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guofeng Fang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Danqing Kang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Crosstalk of Transcriptional Regulators of Adaptive Immune System and microRNAs: An Insight into Differentiation and Development. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040635. [PMID: 36831302 PMCID: PMC9953855 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as small regulatory RNA molecules, are involved in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Hence, miRNAs contribute to gene regulation of various steps of different cell subsets' differentiation, maturation, and activation. The adaptive immune system arm, which exhibits the most specific immune responses, is also modulated by miRNAs. The generation and maturation of various T-cell subsets concomitant with B-cells is under precise regulation of miRNAs which function directly on the hallmark genes of each cell subset or indirectly through regulation of signaling pathway mediators and/or transcription factors involved in this maturation journey. In this review, we first discussed the origination process of common lymphocyte progenitors from hematopoietic stem cells, which further differentiate into various T-cell subsets under strict regulation of miRNAs and transcription factors. Subsequently, the differentiation of B-cells from common lymphocyte progenitors in bone marrow and periphery were discussed in association with a network of miRNAs and transcription factors.
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Andreani V, Ramamoorthy S, Fässler R, Grosschedl R. Integrin β1 regulates marginal zone B cell differentiation and PI3K signaling. J Exp Med 2022; 220:213672. [PMID: 36350325 PMCID: PMC9814157 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Marginal zone (MZ) B cells represent innate-like B cells that mediate a fast immune response. The adhesion of MZ B cells to the marginal sinus of the spleen is governed by integrins. Here, we address the question of whether β1-integrin has additional functions by analyzing Itgb1fl/flCD21Cre mice in which the β1-integrin gene is deleted in mature B cells. We find that integrin β1-deficient mice have a defect in the differentiation of MZ B cells and plasma cells. We show that integrin β1-deficient transitional B cells, representing the precursors of MZ B cells, have enhanced B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, altered PI3K and Ras/ERK pathways, and an enhanced interaction of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) with the adaptor protein Grb2. Moreover, the MZ B cell defect of integrin β1-deficient mice could, at least in part, be restored by a pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K pathway. Thus, β1-integrin has an unexpected function in the differentiation and function of MZ B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Andreani
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Virginia Andreani:
| | - Senthilkumar Ramamoorthy
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany,Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Grosschedl
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany,Correspondence to Rudolf Grosschedl:
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Wang Z, Zhang Q, Qi C, Bai Y, Zhao F, Chen H, Li Z, Wang X, Chen M, Gong J, Peng Z, Zhang X, Cai J, Chen S, Zhao X, Shen L, Li J. Combination of AKT1 and CDH1 mutations predicts primary resistance to immunotherapy in dMMR/MSI-H gastrointestinal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004703. [PMID: 35705314 PMCID: PMC9204428 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is the second most common cancer type with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) phenotype that is expected to respond to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, approximately half of the patients with dMMR/MSI-H GI cancer derive no benefit from ICIs. We sought to identify the predictors of primary resistance to ICIs in dMMR/MSI-H GI cancer. Methods Three independent cohorts were included: (1) the discovery cohort (65 patients with dMMR/MSI-H GI cancer) with ICI efficacy data and pre-ICIs tissue samples for genomic profile and tumor immune infiltration; (2) the validation cohort (22 patients with dMMR/MSI-H GI cancer) with ICI efficacy data and pre-ICIs plasma samples for genomic profile; and (3) the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) cohort not receiving ICIs (152 patients with MSI-H GI cancer) with genomic profile and survival data. Results AKT1 and CDH1 mutations were identified as independent predictors of poor progression-free survival (PFS) and primary resistance to ICIs in dMMR/MSI-H GI cancer. We combined these two genes as an immuno-oncology therapy predictor (IOpred), which could recognize 52.4% (11/21) of dMMR/MSI-H patients with primary resistance to ICIs with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 91.7% (11/12). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated IOpred with a good performance in predicting primary resistance (area under the curve 0.751). Patients with IOpred-Mut (mutant AKT1 or CDH1) GI cancer had significantly shorter PFS (HR=8.36, p<0.001) and overall survival (OS, HR=5.17, p<0.001) than IOpred-WT (wild-type for both AKT1 and CDH1) cases upon ICI treatment. The validation cohort also confirmed the correlation between IOpred-mutation and poorer prognosis (PFS, HR=4.68, p=0.004; OS, HR=15.98, p<0.001) in dMMR/MSI-H patients after ICIs. The PPV of IOpred in identifying primary resistance to ICIs was 80% (4/5) in the validation cohort. Additionally, IOpred-WT patients could be further stratified by tumor mutational burden (TMB), wherein TMB-low patients (TMB ≤26.19 mutations per megabase (Mb)) had a significantly higher primary resistance rate to ICIs (34.8% vs 6.7%, p=0.014) and poorer PFS (HR=3.46, p=0.008) and OS (HR=4.42, p=0.047) than TMB-high patients (TMB >26.19 mutations/Mb). Conclusions IOpred was identified as a powerful predictor of primary resistance to ICIs in dMMR/MSI-H GI cancer, which might serve as a promising biomarker to help guide immunotherapy decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Changsong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuezong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Zhao
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mifen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jifang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Cai
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Chen
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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11
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Xu S, Guo Y, Luo T, Jiang P, Yan Z, He Y, Fu L, Liu H, Gao Z, Wang D, Sun Z, Yang X, Pan W, Sun F. Transcriptomic Profiles of Splenic CD19 + B Cells in Mice Chronically Infected With the Larval Echinococcus granulosus. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:848458. [PMID: 35548052 PMCID: PMC9082817 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.848458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that the larval Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) infection can expand the population of regulatory B cells in mice, thereby inhibiting the anti-infective immunity. However, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. This study further investigated the holistic transcriptomic profiles of total splenic B cells following the chronic infection of the parasite. Methods The infection model of larval E. granulosus was established by intraperitoneal inoculation with 2000 protoscolexes. Magnetic-Activated Cell Separation (MACS) was used to isolate the total splenic B cells. RNA sequencing was performed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after infection. The expression of selected DEGs was verified using qRT-PCR. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and Co-expression network analysis were applied to predict these DEGs' underlying biological processes, pathways, and interactions respectively. Results A total of 413 DEGs were identified in larval E. granulosus infected B cells, including 303 up- and 110 down-regulated genes. Notably, most DEGs related to inflammation and chemotaxis were significantly upregulated after infection. In line with these changes, significant expression upregulation of DEGs associated with fatty acid oxidation, lipid synthesis, lipolysis, lipid transport, and cholesterol biosynthesis, were observed in infected B cells. Co-expression network analysis showed an intimate interaction between these DEGs associated with immune and metabolism. Conclusions The present study revealed that the larval E. granulosus infection induces metabolic reprogramming of B cells, which provides a novel clue to clarify the immunoregulatory mechanism of B cells in parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Tiancheng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Linlin Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Gao
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dingmin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhengxiu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
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12
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Vadakumchery A, Faraidun H, Ayoubi OE, Outaleb I, Schmid V, Abdelrasoul H, Amendt T, Khadour A, Setz C, Göhring K, Lodd K, Hitzing C, Alkhatib A, Bilal M, Benckendorff J, Al Shugri AK, Brakebusch CH, Engels N, Datta M, Hobeika E, Alsadeq A, Jumaa H. The Small GTPase RHOA Links SLP65 Activation to PTEN Function in Pre B Cells and Is Essential for the Generation and Survival of Normal and Malignant B Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842340. [PMID: 35371049 PMCID: PMC8965026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation, differentiation, survival and activation of B cells are coordinated by signals emerging from the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) or its precursor, the pre-BCR. The adaptor protein SLP65 (also known as BLNK) is an important signaling factor that controls pre-B cell differentiation by down-regulation of PI3K signaling. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which SLP65 interferes with PI3K signaling. We found that SLP65 induces the activity of the small GTPase RHOA, which activates PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K signaling, by enabling its translocation to the plasma membrane. The essential role of RHOA is confirmed by the complete block in early B cell development in conditional RhoA-deficient mice. The RhoA-deficient progenitor B cells showed defects in activation of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and fail to survive both in vitro and in vivo. Reconstituting the RhoA-deficient cells with RhoA or Foxo1, a transcription factor repressed by PI3K signaling and activated by PTEN, completely restores the survival defect. However, the defect in differentiation can only be restored by RhoA suggesting a unique role for RHOA in B cell generation and selection. In full agreement, conditional RhoA-deficient mice develop increased amounts of autoreactive antibodies with age. RHOA function is also required at later stage, as inactivation of RhoA in peripheral B cells or in a transformed mature B cell line resulted in cell loss. Together, these data show that RHOA is the key signaling factor for B cell development and function by providing a crucial SLP65-activated link between BCR signaling and activation of PTEN. Moreover, the identified essential role of RHOA for the survival of transformed B cells offers the opportunity for targeting B cell malignancies by blocking RHOA function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hemin Faraidun
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Omar El Ayoubi
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Issame Outaleb
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vera Schmid
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hend Abdelrasoul
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timm Amendt
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ahmad Khadour
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Corinna Setz
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Göhring
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karoline Lodd
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoffer Hitzing
- Institute of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alabbas Alkhatib
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mayas Bilal
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Cord Herbert Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Engels
- Institute of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moumita Datta
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elias Hobeika
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ameera Alsadeq
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Shao Y, Fu J, Zhan T, Ye L, Yu C. Fangchinoline inhibited proliferation of neoplastic B-lymphoid cells and alleviated Sjögren's syndrome-like responses in NOD/Ltj mice via the Akt/mTOR pathway. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022; 15:969-979. [PMID: 35176991 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220217103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Backgound: Fangchinoline is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Stephania tetrandra S. Moore that is conventionally used as an analgesic, antirheumatic, and antihypertensive drug in China. However, the application of Fanchinoline in Sjögren syndrome (SS) remains unreported. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the potential role of Fangchinoline in the treatment of SS via altering Akt/mTOR signaling. METHODS First, we examined levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR in infiltrating lymphocytes of labial glands from SS patients by immunohistochemistry. Then, the effects of Fangchinoline on Raji cells and Daudi cells were investigated using the CCK-8 assay, and propidium iodide (PI)/RNase and Annexin V/PI staining. Western blotting was used to identify the levels of Akt, p-Akt(ser473), mTOR, and p-mTOR. For in vivo analyses, NOD/Ltj and wild-type ICR mice were treated with a Fangchinoline solution, a LY294002 solution (an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway) or their solvent for 28 days. Then, salivary flow assays and hematoxylin and eosin staining of submandibular glands were performed to determine the severity of SS-like responses in the mice. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining of labial glands from SS patients showed that activation of p-Akt and p-mTOR in infiltrating lymphocytes might be correlated with SS development. In vitro, Fangchinoline and LY294002 inhibited proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and promoted apoptosis in Raji and Daudi cells by altering Akt/mTOR signaling. In vivo, Fangchinoline and LY294002 significantly improved the salivary secretion by NOD/Ltj mice and reduced the number of lymphocytic foci in the submandibular glands. CONCLUSION These results indicated that Fangchinoline could effectively inhibit the proliferation of neoplastic B-lymphoid cells and reduce SS-like responses in NOD/Ltj mice. Our study highlights the potential value of the clinical application of Fangchinoline for SS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Shao
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayao Fu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianle Zhan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuangqi Yu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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14
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Merino-Vico A, van Hamburg JP, Tas SW. B Lineage Cells in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:387. [PMID: 35008813 PMCID: PMC8745114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects small sized blood vessels and can lead to serious complications in the lungs and kidneys. The prominent presence of ANCA autoantibodies in this disease implicates B cells in its pathogenesis, as these are the precursors of the ANCA-producing plasma cells (PCs). Further evidence supporting the potential role of B lineage cells in vasculitis are the increased B cell cytokine levels and the dysregulated B cell populations in patients. Confirmation of the contribution of B cells to pathology arose from the beneficial effect of anti-CD20 therapy (i.e., rituximab) in AAV patients. These anti-CD20 antibodies deplete circulating B cells, which results in amelioration of disease. However, not all patients respond completely, and this treatment does not target PCs, which can maintain ANCA production. Hence, it is important to develop more specific therapies for AAV patients. Intracellular signalling pathways may be potential therapeutic targets as they can show (disease-specific) alterations in certain B lineage cells, including pathogenic B cells, and contribute to differentiation and survival of PCs. Preliminary data on the inhibition of certain signalling molecules downstream of receptors specific for B lineage cells show promising therapeutic effects. In this narrative review, B cell specific receptors and their downstream signalling molecules that may contribute to pathology in AAV are discussed, including the potential to therapeutically target these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merino-Vico
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Piet van Hamburg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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IFNG, FCER1A, PCDHB10 expression as a new potential marker of efficacy in grass pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:665-672. [PMID: 34658711 PMCID: PMC8501422 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.108925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the core treatment in allergic rhinitis and asthma. Although widely used, some patients do not benefit from treatment and there is no efficacy objective marker. Aim To define the profile of gene transcripts during the build-up phase of AIT and their comparison to the control group and then search for a viable efficacy marker in relation to patient symptoms. Material and methods AIT was administered in 22 patients allergic to grass pollen. Analysis of 15 selected transcript expression was performed in whole blood samples taken before AIT (sample A) and after reaching the maintenance dose (sample B). The control group included 25 healthy volunteers (sample C). The primary endpoint was Relative Quantification. The gene expression analysis was followed by clinical evaluation with the use of Allergy Control Score (ACS). Results Comparison between samples A and B of gene expression showed a significant increase in IFNG expression (p = 0.03). In relation to the control group, pretreatment samples from patients showed higher levels of AFAP1L1 (p = 0.006), COMMD8 (p = 0.001), PIK3CD (p = 0.027) and TWIST2 (p = 0.0003) in univariate analysis. A generalized linear regression model was built according to the Bayesian Information Criterion based on the IFNG, FCER1A and PCDHB10 expression pattern for prediction of the AIT outcome. The model showed a correlation in predicted and observed changes in ACS. Conclusions There is a significant change in the expression of IFNG during the build-up phase of AIT. The authors propose an in vitro model of AIT efficacy prediction for further validation.
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16
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Wani SA, Sahu AR, Khan RIN, Praharaj MR, Saxena S, Rajak KK, Muthuchelvan D, Sahoo A, Mishra B, Singh RK, Mishra BP, Gandham RK. Proteome Modulation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Peste des Petits Ruminants Vaccinated Goats and Sheep. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:670968. [PMID: 34631844 PMCID: PMC8493254 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.670968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, healthy goats and sheep (n = 5) that were confirmed negative for peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antibodies by monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA and by serum neutralization test and for PPRV antigen by s-ELISA were vaccinated with Sungri/96. A quantitative study was carried out to compare the proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of vaccinated goat and sheep [5 days post-vaccination (dpv) and 14 dpv] vs. unvaccinated (0 day) to divulge the alteration in protein expression following vaccination. A total of 232 and 915 proteins were differentially expressed at 5 and 14 dpv, respectively, in goats. Similarly, 167 and 207 proteins were differentially expressed at 5 and 14 dpv, respectively, in sheep. Network generated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was “infectious diseases, antimicrobial response, and inflammatory response,” which includes the highest number of focus molecules. The bio functions, cell-mediated immune response, and humoral immune response were highly enriched in goats at 5 dpv and at 14 dpv. At the molecular level, the immune response produced by the PPRV vaccine virus in goats is effectively coordinated and stronger than that in sheep, though the vaccine provides protection from virulent virus challenge in both. The altered expression of certain PBMC proteins especially ISG15 and IRF7 induces marked changes in cellular signaling pathways to coordinate host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Wani
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India.,College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amit Ranjan Sahu
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Raja Ishaq Nabi Khan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Praharaj
- Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology -National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Dhanavelu Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, India
| | - Aditya Sahoo
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Bina Mishra
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - R K Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India.,Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology -National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
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17
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Vieira PH, Benjamim CF, Atella G, Ramos I. VPS38/UVRAG and ATG14, the variant regulatory subunits of the ATG6/Beclin1-PI3K complexes, are crucial for the biogenesis of the yolk organelles and are transcriptionally regulated in the oocytes of the vector Rhodnius prolixus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009760. [PMID: 34492013 PMCID: PMC8448300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects the reserve proteins are stored in the oocytes into endocytic-originated vesicles named yolk organelles. VPS38/UVRAG and ATG14 are the variant regulatory subunits of two class-III ATG6/Beclin1 PI3K complexes that regulate the recruitment of the endocytic (complex II) and autophagic (complex I) machineries. In a previous work from our group, we found that the silencing of ATG6/Beclin1 resulted in the formation of yolk-deficient oocytes due to defects in the endocytosis of the yolk proteins. Because ATG6/Beclin1 is present in the two above-described PI3K complexes, we could not identify the contributions of each complex to the yolk defective phenotypes. To address this, here we investigated the role of the variant subunits VPS38/UVRAG (complex II, endocytosis) and ATG14 (complex I, autophagy) in the biogenesis of the yolk organelles in the insect vector of Chagas Disease Rhodnius prolixus. Interestingly, the silencing of both genes phenocopied the silencing of ATG6/Beclin1, generating 1) accumulation of yolk proteins in the hemolymph; 2) white, smaller, and yolk-deficient oocytes; 3) abnormal yolk organelles in the oocyte cortex; and 4) unviable F1 embryos. However, we found that the similar phenotypes were the result of a specific cross-silencing effect among the PI3K subunits where the silencing of VPS38/UVRAG and ATG6/Beclin1 resulted in the specific silencing of each other, whereas the silencing of ATG14 triggered the silencing of all three PI3K components. Because the silencing of VPS38/UVRAG and ATG6/Beclin1 reproduced the yolk-deficiency phenotypes without the cross silencing of ATG14, we concluded that the VPS38/UVRAG PI3K complex II was the major contributor to the previously observed phenotypes in silenced insects. Altogether, we found that class-III ATG6/Beclin1 PI3K complex II (VPS38/UVRAG) is essential for the yolk endocytosis and that the subunits of both complexes are under an unknown transcriptional regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila H Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia F Benjamim
- Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia Atella
- Laboratório de de Bioquímica de Lipídeos e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular-INCT-EM/CNPq. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular-INCT-EM/CNPq. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Fan Z, Pathak JL, Ge L. The Potential Role of RP105 in Regulation of Inflammation and Osteoclastogenesis During Inflammatory Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:713254. [PMID: 34414191 PMCID: PMC8369417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.713254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases have a negative impact on bone homeostasis via exacerbated local and systemic inflammation. Bone resorbing osteoclasts are mainly derived from hematopoietic precursors and bone marrow monocytes. Induced osteoclastogenesis during inflammation, autoimmunity, metabolic diseases, and cancers is associated with bone loss and osteoporosis. Proinflammatory cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or endogenous pathogenic factors induce osteoclastogenic differentiation by binding to the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family expressed on surface of osteoclast precursors. As a non-canonical member of the TLRs, radioprotective 105 kDa (RP105 or CD180) and its ligand, myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1), are involved in several bone metabolic disorders. Reports from literature had demonstrated RP105 as an important activator of B cells, bone marrow monocytes, and macrophages, which regulates inflammatory cytokines release from immune cells. Reports from literature had shown the association between RP105 and other TLRs, and the downstream signaling mechanisms of RP105 with different “signaling-competent” partners in immune cells during different disease conditions. This review is focused to summarize: (1) the role of RP105 on immune cells’ function and inflammation regulation (2) the potential regulatory roles of RP105 in different disease-mediated osteoclast activation and the underlying mechanisms, and (3) the different “signaling-competent” partners of RP105 that regulates osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhu Ge
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Targeting B-cell receptor and PI3K signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2021; 138:1110-1119. [PMID: 34320160 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous diagnostic category comprising distinct molecular subtypes characterized by diverse genetic aberrations that dictate patient outcome. As roughly one-third of DLBCL patients are not cured by current standard chemo-immunotherapy a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis is warranted to improve outcome. B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is crucial for the development, growth and survival of both normal and a substantial fraction of malignant B-cells. Various analyses revealed genetic alterations of central components of the BCR or its downstream signaling effectors in some subtypes of DLBCL. Thus, BCR signaling and the downstream NF-κB and PI3K cascades have been proposed as potential targets for the treatment of DLBCL patients. As one of the main effectors of BCR activation, PI3K mediated signals play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and survival of DLBCL. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of BCR signaling with a special focus on the PI3K pathway in DLBCL and how to utilize this knowledge therapeutically.
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20
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TCL1A, B Cell Regulation and Tolerance in Renal Transplantation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061367. [PMID: 34206047 PMCID: PMC8230170 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite much progress in the management of kidney transplantation, the need for life-long immunosuppressive therapies remains a major issue representing many risks for patients. Operational tolerance, defined as allograft acceptance without immunosuppression, has logically been subject to many investigations with the aim of a better understanding of post-transplantation mechanisms and potentially how it would be induced in patients. Among proposed biomarkers, T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma protein 1A (TCL1A) has been observed as overexpressed in the peripheral blood of operational tolerant patients in several studies. TCL1A expression is restricted to early B cells, also increased in the blood of tolerant patients, and showing regulatory properties, notably through IL-10 secretion for some subsets. TCL1A has first been identified as an oncogene, overexpression of which is associated to the development of T and B cell cancer. TCL1A acts as a coactivator of the serine threonine kinase Akt and through other interactions favoring cell survival, growth, and proliferation. It has also been identified as interacting with others major actors involved in B cells differentiation and regulation, including IL-10 production. Herein, we reviewed known interactions and functions of TCL1A in B cells which could involve its potential role in the set up and maintenance of renal allograft tolerance.
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21
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Genome-wide interference of ZNF423 with B-lineage transcriptional circuitries in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1209-1223. [PMID: 33646306 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the transcriptional modulator and early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) antagonist ZNF423 has been implicated in B-cell leukemogenesis, but its impact on transcriptional circuitries in lymphopoiesis has not been elucidated in a comprehensive manner. Herein, in silico analyses of multiple expression data sets on 1354 acute leukemia samples revealed a widespread presence of ZNF423 in various subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Average expression of ZNF423 was highest in ETV6-RUNX1, B-other, and TCF3-PBX1 ALL followed by BCR-ABL, hyperdiploid ALL, and KMT2A-rearranged ALL. In a KMT2A-AFF1 pro-B ALL model, a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genetic ablation of ZNF423 decreased cell viability and significantly prolonged survival of mice upon xenotransplantation. For the first time, we characterized the genome-wide binding pattern of ZNF423, its impact on the chromatin landscape, and differential gene activities in a B-lineage context. In general, chromatin-bound ZNF423 was associated with a depletion of activating histone marks. At the transcriptional level, EBF1-dependent transactivation was disrupted by ZNF423, whereas repressive and pioneering activities of EBF1 were not discernibly impeded. Unexpectedly, we identified an enrichment of ZNF423 at canonical EBF1-binding sites also in the absence of EBF1, which was indicative of intrinsic EBF1-independent ZNF423 activities. A genome-wide motif search at EBF1 target gene loci revealed that EBF1 and ZNF423 co-regulated genes often contain SMAD1/SMAD4-binding motifs as exemplified by the TGFB1 promoter, which was repressed by ZNF423 outcompeting EBF1 by depending on its ability to bind EBF1 consensus sites and to interact with EBF1 or SMADs. Overall, these findings underscore the wide scope of ZNF423 activities that interfere with B-cell lymphopoiesis and contribute to leukemogenesis.
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22
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The dual PI3Kδ/CK1ε inhibitor umbralisib exhibits unique immunomodulatory effects on CLL T cells. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3072-3084. [PMID: 32634240 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The in-clinic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors idelalisib (CAL-101) and duvelisib (IPI-145) have demonstrated high rates of response and progression-free survival in clinical trials of B-cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, a high incidence of adverse events has led to frequent discontinuations, limiting the clinical development of these inhibitors. By contrast, the dual PI3Kδ/casein kinase-1-ε (CK1ε) inhibitor umbralisib (TGR-1202) also shows high rates of response in clinical trials but has an improved safety profile with fewer severe adverse events. Toxicities typical of this class of PI3K inhibitors are largely thought to be immune mediated, but they are poorly characterized. Here, we report the effects of idelalisib, duvelisib, and umbralisib on regulatory T cells (Tregs) on normal human T cells, T cells from CLL patients, and T cells in an Eμ-TCL1 adoptive transfer mouse CLL model. Ex vivo studies revealed differential effects of these PI3K inhibitors; only umbralisib treatment sustained normal and CLL-associated FoxP3+ human Tregs. Further, although all 3 inhibitors exhibit antitumor efficacy in the Eμ-TCL1 CLL model, idelalisib- or duvelisib-treated mice displayed increased immune-mediated toxicities, impaired function, and reduced numbers of Tregs, whereas Treg number and function were preserved in umbralisib-treated CLL-bearing mice. Finally, our studies demonstrate that inhibition of CK1ε can improve CLL Treg number and function. Interestingly, CK1ε inhibition mitigated impairment of CLL Tregs by PI3K inhibitors in combination treatment. These results suggest that the improved safety profile of umbralisib is due to its role as a dual PI3Kδ/CK1ε inhibitor that preserves Treg number and function.
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23
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Xie B, Khoyratty TE, Abu-Shah E, F Cespedes P, MacLean AJ, Pirgova G, Hu Z, Ahmed AA, Dustin ML, Udalova IA, Arnon TI. The Zinc Finger Protein Zbtb18 Represses Expression of Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Subunits and Inhibits Plasma Cell Differentiation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1515-1527. [PMID: 33608456 PMCID: PMC7980533 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K pathway plays a key role in B cell activation and is important for the differentiation of Ab producing plasma cells (PCs). Although much is known about the molecular mechanisms that modulate PI3K signaling in B cells, the transcriptional regulation of PI3K expression is poorly understood. In this study, we identify the zinc finger protein Zbtb18 as a transcriptional repressor that directly binds enhancer/promoter regions of genes encoding class I PI3K regulatory subunits, subsequently limiting their expression, dampening PI3K signaling and suppressing PC responses. Following activation, dividing B cells progressively downregulated Zbtb18, allowing gradual amplification of PI3K signals and enhanced development of PCs. Human Zbtb18 displayed similar expression patterns and function in human B cells, acting to inhibit development of PCs. Furthermore, a number of Zbtb18 mutants identified in cancer patients showed loss of suppressor activity, which was also accompanied by impaired regulation of PI3K genes. Taken together, our study identifies Zbtb18 as a repressor of PC differentiation and reveals its previously unappreciated function as a transcription modulator of the PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tariq E Khoyratty
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Enas Abu-Shah
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Pablo F Cespedes
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andrew J MacLean
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gabriela Pirgova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed A Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tal I Arnon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; and
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24
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Simon D, Erdő-Bonyár S, Rapp J, Balogh P, Minier T, Nagy G, Czirják L, Berki T. Analysis of PI3K Pathway Associated Molecules Reveals Dysregulated Innate and Adaptive Functions of B Cells in Early Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062877. [PMID: 33809015 PMCID: PMC7998899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activation is an early event in the development of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The classical activation of B cells downstream of the B-cell receptor (BCR) involves the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway that integrates the effects of multiple co-stimulatory receptors. Our analysis of PI3K pathway associated molecules in peripheral blood B cells of early diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) patients showed altered mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) homolog CD180, TLR4, complement component 3, IL-4 receptor and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1). Parallel to this, we found elevated basal SPP1 secretion in dcSSc B cells, but, with BCR + IL-4 receptor co-stimulation, we could not induce further secretion. CD180 stimulation alone resulted in NF-κB activation in more B cells than CD180 + BCR co-stimulation both in dcSSc and healthy control (HC), but the co-engagement increased the phosphorylation of NF-κB only in dcSSc B cells. Additionally, in contrast with HC B cells, the lower basal production of IL-10 by dcSSc B cells could not be elevated with CD180 stimulation. Furthermore, activation via CD180 increased the percentage of CD86+ switched memory (CD27+IgD−) B cells in dcSSc compared to HC. Our results suggest that alternative B cell activation and CD180 dysfunction cause imbalance of regulatory mechanisms in dcSSc B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Simon
- Clinical Center, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (P.B.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Clinical Center, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (P.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Judit Rapp
- Clinical Center, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (P.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Péter Balogh
- Clinical Center, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (P.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Tünde Minier
- Clinical Center, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (G.N.); (L.C.)
| | - Gabriella Nagy
- Clinical Center, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (G.N.); (L.C.)
| | - László Czirják
- Clinical Center, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary; (T.M.); (G.N.); (L.C.)
| | - Tímea Berki
- Clinical Center, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.E.-B.); (J.R.); (P.B.); (T.B.)
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25
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Fowler NH, Samaniego F, Jurczak W, Ghosh N, Derenzini E, Reeves JA, Knopińska-Posłuszny W, Cheah CY, Phillips T, Lech-Maranda E, Cheson BD, Caimi PF, Grosicki S, Leslie LA, Chavez JC, Fonseca G, Babu S, Hodson DJ, Shao SH, Burke JM, Sharman JP, Law JY, Pagel JM, Miskin HP, Sportelli P, O'Connor OA, Weiss MS, Zinzani PL. Umbralisib, a Dual PI3Kδ/CK1ε Inhibitor in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:1609-1618. [PMID: 33683917 PMCID: PMC8148421 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.03433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors have shown activity in relapsed or refractory (R/R) indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL). PI3K inhibitors have been hampered by poor long-term tolerability and toxicity, which interfere with continuous use. Umbralisib, a dual inhibitor of PI3Kδ/casein kinase-1ε, exhibits improved selectivity for PI3Kδ compared with other PI3K inhibitors. This phase IIb trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of umbralisib in patients with R/R iNHL. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this multicohort, open-label, phase IIb study, 208 patients with R/R marginal zone, follicular, or small lymphocytic lymphoma (MZL, FL, or SLL) unresponsive to prior treatments (≥ 1 MZL; ≥ 2 FL/SLL), including ≥ 1 anti-CD20-based therapy, were administered umbralisib 800 mg orally once daily until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or study withdrawal. Primary end point is overall response rate; secondary end points include time to response, duration of response, progression-free survival, and safety. RESULTS The median follow-up is 27.7 months (efficacy) and 21.4 months (safety). The overall response rate was 47.1%, and tumor reduction occurred in 86.4% of patients. The median time to response was 2.7-4.6 months. The median duration of response was not reached for MZL, 11.1 months for FL, and 18.3 months for SLL. Median progression-free survival was not reached for MZL, 10.6 months for FL, and 20.9 months for SLL. At least one grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was reported in 53.4% of patients. TEAEs led to umbralisib discontinuation in 32 patients (15.4%). A total of 31 patients (14.9%) discontinued because of a treatment-related adverse event. Grade ≥ 3 TEAEs reported in ≥ 10% of patients: neutropenia (11.5%) and diarrhea (10.1%). Increased ALT/AST (grade ≥ 3) occurred in 6.7%/7.2% of patients. CONCLUSION Umbralisib achieved meaningful clinical activity in heavily pretreated patients with iNHL. The safety profile was manageable, with a relatively low incidence of immune-mediated toxicities and adverse event-related discontinuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Fowler
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Wojciech Jurczak
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Enrico Derenzini
- Onco-Hematology Division, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - James A Reeves
- Florida Cancer Specialists South/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL
| | | | - Chan Y Cheah
- Hollywood Private Hospital/Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Tycel Phillips
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ewa Lech-Maranda
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bruce D Cheson
- Lymphoma Research Foundation, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | - Paolo F Caimi
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Lori A Leslie
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Seton Hall School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ
| | | | - Gustavo Fonseca
- Florida Cancer Specialists North/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, St Petersburg, FL
| | - Sunil Babu
- Fort Wayne Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fort Wayne, IN
| | - Daniel J Hodson
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - John M Burke
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers/US Oncology Research, Aurora, CO
| | - Jeff P Sharman
- Willamette Valley Cancer Institute/US Oncology Research, Eugene, OR
| | - Jennie Y Law
- The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Owen A O'Connor
- TG Therapeutics, Inc, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli," Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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26
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Edelmann J, Dokal AD, Vilventhraraja E, Holzmann K, Britton D, Klymenko T, Döhner H, Cragg M, Braun A, Cutillas P, Gribben JG. Rituximab and obinutuzumab differentially hijack the B cell receptor and NOTCH1 signaling pathways. iScience 2021; 24:102089. [PMID: 33615197 PMCID: PMC7878992 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies rituximab and obinutuzumab differ in their mechanisms of action, with obinutuzumab evoking greater direct B cell death. To characterize the signaling processes responsible for improved B cell killing by obinutuzumab, we undertook a phosphoproteomics approach and demonstrate that rituximab and obinutuzumab differentially activate pathways downstream of the B cell receptor. Although both antibodies induce strong ERK and MYC activation sufficient to promote cell-cycle arrest and B cell death, obinutuzumab exceeds rituximab in supporting apoptosis induction by means of aberrant SYK phosphorylation. In contrast, rituximab elicits stronger anti-apoptotic signals by activating AKT, by impairing pro-apoptotic BAD, and by releasing membrane-bound NOTCH1 to up-regulate pro-survival target genes. As a consequence, rituximab appears to reinforce BCL2-mediated apoptosis resistance. The unexpected complexity and differences by which rituximab and obinutuzumab interfere with signaling pathways essential for lymphoma pathogenesis and treatment provide important impetus to optimize and personalize the application of different anti-CD20 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Edelmann
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Arran D. Dokal
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Kinomica Limited, Biohub Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Emma Vilventhraraja
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Karlheinz Holzmann
- Center for Clinical Research, Genomics Core Facility, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - David Britton
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Kinomica Limited, Biohub Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Tetyana Klymenko
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrejs Braun
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Kinomica Limited, Biohub Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - John G. Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Aydin E, Faehling S, Saleh M, Llaó Cid L, Seiffert M, Roessner PM. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment: What Do We Need to Consider When Treating Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With PI3K Inhibitors? Front Immunol 2021; 11:595818. [PMID: 33552053 PMCID: PMC7857022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and their downstream proteins constitute a signaling pathway that is involved in both normal cell growth and malignant transformation of cells. Under physiological conditions, PI3K signaling regulates various cellular functions such as apoptosis, survival, proliferation, and growth, depending on the extracellular signals. A deterioration of these extracellular signals caused by mutational damage in oncogenes or growth factor receptors may result in hyperactivation of this signaling cascade, which is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Although higher activation of PI3K pathway is common in many types of cancer, it has been therapeutically targeted for the first time in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), demonstrating its significance in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and malignant B-cell expansion. The biological activity of the PI3K pathway is not only limited to cancer cells but is also crucial for many components of the tumor microenvironment, as PI3K signaling regulates cytokine responses, and ensures the development and function of immune cells. Therefore, the success or failure of the PI3K inhibition is strongly related to microenvironmental stimuli. In this review, we outline the impacts of PI3K inhibition on the tumor microenvironment with a specific focus on CLL. Acknowledging the effects of PI3K inhibitor-based therapies on the tumor microenvironment in CLL can serve as a rationale for improved drug development, explain treatment-associated adverse events, and suggest novel combinatory treatment strategies in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Aydin
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Faehling
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariam Saleh
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Llaó Cid
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Bioscience, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Seiffert
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp M Roessner
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Keyt BA, Baliga R, Sinclair AM, Carroll SF, Peterson MS. Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Use of IgM Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E53. [PMID: 33066119 PMCID: PMC7709107 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies are pentameric or hexameric macro-immunoglobulins and have been highly conserved during evolution. IgMs are initially expressed during B cell ontogeny and are the first antibodies secreted following exposure to foreign antigens. The IgM multimer has either 10 (pentamer) or 12 (hexamer) antigen binding domains consisting of paired µ heavy chains with four constant domains, each with a single variable domain, paired with a corresponding light chain. Although the antigen binding affinities of natural IgM antibodies are typically lower than IgG, their polyvalency allows for high avidity binding and efficient engagement of complement to induce complement-dependent cell lysis. The high avidity of IgM antibodies renders them particularly efficient at binding antigens present at low levels, and non-protein antigens, for example, carbohydrates or lipids present on microbial surfaces. Pentameric IgM antibodies also contain a joining (J) chain that stabilizes the pentameric structure and enables binding to several receptors. One such receptor, the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), is responsible for transcytosis from the vasculature to the mucosal surfaces of the lung and gastrointestinal tract. Several naturally occurring IgM antibodies have been explored as therapeutics in clinical trials, and a new class of molecules, engineered IgM antibodies with enhanced binding and/or additional functional properties are being evaluated in humans. Here, we review the considerable progress that has been made regarding the understanding of biology, structure, function, manufacturing, and therapeutic potential of IgM antibodies since their discovery more than 80 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Keyt
- IGM Biosciences Inc, 325 East Middlefield Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; (R.B.); (A.M.S.); (S.F.C.); (M.S.P.)
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Cotugno N, Zicari S, Morrocchi E, de Armas LR, Pallikkuth S, Rinaldi S, Ruggiero A, Manno EC, Zangari P, Chiriaco M, Bernardi S, Andrews SF, Cagigi A, Rossi P, McDermott AB, Pahwa S, Palma P. Higher PIK3C2B gene expression of H1N1+ specific B-cells is associated with lower H1N1 immunogenicity after trivalent influenza vaccination in HIV infected children. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:108440. [PMID: 32330555 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Perinatally HIV-infected children (PHIV), despite successful antiretroviral therapy, present suboptimal responses to vaccinations compared to healthy-controls (HC). Here we investigated phenotypic and transcriptional signatures of H1N1-specific B-cells (H1N1-Sp) in PHIV, differentially responding to trivalent-influenza-vaccine (TIV), and HC. Patients were categorized in responders (R) and non-responders (NR) according to hemagglutination-inhibition-assay at baseline and 21 days after TIV. No differences in H1N1-Sp frequencies were found between groups. H1N1-Sp transcriptional analysis revealed a distinct signature between PHIV and HC. NR presented higher PIK3C2B and NOD2 expression compared to R, confirmed by downregulation of PIK3C2B in resting-memory of R after H1N1 in-vitro stimulation. In conclusion this study confirms that qualitative rather than quantitative analyses are needed to characterize immune responses in PHIV. These results further suggest that higher PIK3C2B in H1N1-Sp of NR is associated with lower H1N1 immunogenicity and may be targeted by future modulating strategies to improve TIV responses in PHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Zicari
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Morrocchi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lesley R de Armas
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stefano Rinaldi
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Concetta Manno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zangari
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiriaco
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Bernardi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah F Andrews
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alberto Cagigi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Paolo Palma
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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Absorption, Distribution, and Binding Profile of ME-401, a Potent and Selective Oral Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase δ (PI3Kδ) in Animal and B-Cell Lymphoma Models. Target Oncol 2020; 14:603-611. [PMID: 31506873 PMCID: PMC6797648 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-019-00668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase isoform δ (PI3Kδ) mediates multiple events in lymphocytes, including cell proliferation, survival, and motility. Inhibition of PI3Kδ, with downstream inhibitory effects on cell growth and survival, has been utilized to treat lymphoid malignancies. ME-401 is an oral, once-daily, selective PI3Kδ inhibitor with an optimized pharmacologic profile that is in clinical development for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Objectives This work examined aspects of the pharmacologic profile of ME-401 in preclinical models to investigate the basis of the clinical activity of ME-401 that may differentiate it from other currently approved PI3Kδ inhibitors. Methods We determined the ME-401 blood to plasma ratios, permeability, and purified enzyme-binding kinetics. The oral bioavailability and volume of distribution of ME-401 were evaluated in various species. ME-401 concentrations in plasma and tumor and brain tissues were evaluated following oral administration in an A20 syngeneic mouse model of B-cell lymphoma. Idelalisib was used as a reference compound for the measurement of purified enzyme-binding kinetics and concentrations in plasma and tumor in the A20 syngeneic mouse model. Results Oral administration of ME-401 to dogs resulted in 79% bioavailability compared with intravenous administration. Allometric scaling from rodents, dogs, and nonhuman primates resulted in a predicted human volume of distribution at steady state of 10.75 L/kg. ME-401 was shown to distribute into the lymph in dogs and permeate into cells readily, with a human blood to plasma ratio of 1.4 and ~ 50% retention in the Caco-2 cell monolayer at 1 μM. The high binding affinity and low dissociation rate of ME-401 resulted in an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 3.03 × 10−11 M. Oral administration of ME-401 in an A20 syngeneic mouse model resulted in tumor concentrations 20–30 times higher than plasma concentrations at 4 h after the last dose. By 24 h, the tumor levels had decreased approximately 30–50% compared with levels at 4 h while remaining significantly increased relative to plasma concentrations. ME-401 was also present in brain tissue at 4 and 24 h after the last dose. In comparison, the idelalisib dissociation rate was ~ 100 times higher, resulting in a KD of 1.11 × 10−9 M. Idelalisib tumor concentrations were only approximately three times higher than plasma concentrations at 4 h, while dropping below the limit of quantitation in both tumor and plasma by 24 h. Conclusions These data support the capacity of ME-401 to be orally absorbed, distribute to target tissues, enter and accumulate in target cells, and bind to the target with high affinity to exert its mechanism of action. These characteristics underlie the high clinical potency seen in B-cell malignancies that may differentiate ME-401 from other PI3Kδ inhibitors currently approved or in development.
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An Ancient BCR-like Signaling Promotes ICP Production and Hemocyte Phagocytosis in Oyster. iScience 2020; 23:100834. [PMID: 31982779 PMCID: PMC6994640 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR/TCR-based adaptive immune systems arise in the jawed vertebrates, and B cell receptors (BCRs) play an important role in the clonal selection of B cells and their differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells. The existence of BCR-like molecule and the activation mechanism of the downstream response are still not clear in invertebrates. In this study, an ancient BCR-like molecule (designated as CgIgR) with an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in its cytoplasmic tail was identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to investigate its involvement in immune response. CgIgR could bind different bacteria through five extracellular Ig domains and formed dimers. The activated CgIgR recruited CgSyk to promote CgERK phosphorylation. The CgIgR-mediated signaling promoted the production of immunoglobulin domain-containing proteins (CgICP-2 and CgLRRIG-1) through inducing CgH3K4me2. The produced CgICPs eventually facilitated hemocytes to phagocytize and eliminate V. splendidus. This study proposed that there was an ancient BCR-like molecule and BCR-like signaling in molluscs. An ancient BCR-like molecule (defined as CgIgR) was identified from C. gigas We propose IgR-mediated signaling induces CgERK activity in oyster IgR-mediated signaling induced CgH3K4me2 to promote the production of CgICPs CgICPs facilitated the hemocytes to phagocytize and eliminate V. splendidus
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CD19-positive antibody-secreting cells provide immune memory. Blood Adv 2019; 2:3163-3176. [PMID: 30478153 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017015172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are critical for the maintenance of humoral immunity through the continued production of antibodies specific for previously encountered pathogen or vaccine antigens. Recent reports describing humoral immune memory have suggested the importance of long-lived CD19- bone marrow (BM) ASCs, which secrete antibodies recognizing previously encountered vaccine antigens. However, these reports do not agree upon the unique contribution of the CD19+ BM ASC subset toward humoral immunity. Here, we found both CD19+ and negative ASCs from human BM were similar in functional capacity to react to a number of vaccine antigens via ELISpot assays. The CD19+ cells were the predominant ASC population found in lymphoid tissues, and unlike the CD19- ASCs, which were found only in spleen and BM, the CD19+ ASCs were found in tonsil and blood. CD19+ ASCs from the BM, spleen, and tonsil were capable of recognizing polio vaccine antigens, indicating the CD19+ ASC cells play a novel role in long-lasting immune defense. Comparative gene expression analysis indicated CD19+ and negative BM ASCs differed significantly by only 14 distinct messenger RNAs and exhibited similar gene expression for cell cycle, autophagy, and apoptosis control necessary for long life. In addition, we show identical CDR-H3 sequences found on both BM ASC subsets, indicating a shared developmental path. Together, these results provide novel insight for the distribution, function, genetic regulation, and development of long-lived ASCs and may not only impact improved cell therapies but also enhance strategies for vaccine development.
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Dracohodin Perochlorate Stimulates Fibroblast Proliferation via EGFR Activation and Downstream ERK/CREB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathways In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6027186. [PMID: 31534465 PMCID: PMC6732626 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6027186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of natural plant extracts have been determined to be potential drugs for various illnesses. In this study, we investigated the effects of dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) on fibroblast proliferation, which is crucial for wound healing. Cell proliferation assays were performed by different concentrations of DP, and the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 kits. After DP treatment for 24 h, the cell cycle was checked by flow cytometer. EGFR and downstream signaling pathways ERK1/2 and PI3K were examined with DP treatment by western blot. We further determined the effects of the related inhibitors on DP-induced relative protein phosphorylation and cell proliferation. The results showed that 3 μg/mL of DP promoted cell proliferation most significantly at treatment lengths of 24 h, and the percentage of cells in the S + G2 phase increased compared to those of the control group. In western blot detection, we found that DP significantly upregulated EGFR phosphorylation and activated the downstream ERK/CREB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, the results also showed that AG1478 abolished DP-induced relative protein activation and cell proliferation. When U0126 or LY294002 pretreated cells alone, DP-induced p-ERK or p-PI3K downstream proteins and cell proliferation were suppressed compared to those of the control group, but EGFR was not affected. In addition, ICG001 and BEZ235 collectively eliminated DP-induced fibroblast proliferation. Our findings suggest that DP-promoted fibroblast proliferation is stimulated by p-EGFR-induced activation of the ERK1/2-CREB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Our present study explored the mechanism of DP-promoted fibroblast proliferation and provided a new basis for wound healing.
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Mahendra A, Yang X, Abnouf S, Adolacion JRT, Park D, Soomro S, Roszik J, Coarfa C, Romain G, Wanzeck K, Bridges SL, Aggarwal A, Qiu P, Agarwal SK, Mohan C, Varadarajan N. Beyond Autoantibodies: Biologic Roles of Human Autoreactive B Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis Revealed by RNA-Sequencing. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:529-541. [PMID: 30407753 PMCID: PMC6741783 DOI: 10.1002/art.40772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain the comprehensive transcriptome profile of human citrulline-specific B cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Citrulline- and hemagglutinin-specific B cells were sorted by flow cytometry using peptide-streptavidin conjugates from the peripheral blood of RA patients and healthy individuals. The transcriptome profile of the sorted cells was obtained by RNA-sequencing, and expression of key protein molecules was evaluated by aptamer-based SOMAscan assay and flow cytometry. The ability of these proteins to effect differentiation of osteoclasts and proliferation and migration of synoviocytes was examined by in vitro functional assays. RESULTS Citrulline-specific B cells, in comparison to citrulline-negative B cells, from patients with RA differentially expressed the interleukin-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) gene as well as genes related to protein citrullination and cyclic AMP signaling. In analyses of an independent cohort of cyclic citrullinated peptide-seropositive RA patients, the expression of IL-15Rα protein was enriched in citrulline-specific B cells from the patients' peripheral blood, and surprisingly, all B cells from RA patients were capable of producing the epidermal growth factor ligand amphiregulin (AREG). Production of AREG directly led to increased migration and proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and, in combination with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, led to the increased differentiation of osteoclasts. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to document the whole transcriptome profile of autoreactive B cells in any autoimmune disease. These data identify several genes and pathways that may be targeted by repurposing several US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, and could serve as the foundation for the comparative assessment of B cell profiles in other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Mahendra
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shaza Abnouf
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jay R T Adolacion
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Daechan Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanam Soomro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Gabrielle Romain
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Keith Wanzeck
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - S. Louis Bridges
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sandeep K Agarwal
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Navin Varadarajan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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Signalling circuits that direct early B-cell development. Biochem J 2019; 476:769-778. [PMID: 30842310 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the B-cell lineage arises from pluripotent progenitors in the bone marrow. During their development, B-cells undergo lineage specification and commitment, followed by expansion and selection. These processes are mediated by regulated changes in gene expression programmes, rearrangements of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, and well-timed rounds of proliferation and apoptosis. Many of these processes are initiated by environmental factors including cytokines, chemokines, and cell-cell contacts. Developing B-cells process these environmental cues into stage-specific functions via signalling pathways including the PI3K, MAPK, or JAK-STAT pathway. The cytokines FLT3-Ligand and c-Kit-Ligand are important for the early expansion of the B-cell precursors at different developmental stages and conditions. Interleukin 7 is essential for commitment to the B-cell lineage and for orchestrating the Ig recombination machinery. After rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain, proliferation and apoptosis, and thus selection, are mediated by the clonal pre-B-cell receptor, and, following light chain rearrangement, by the B-cell receptor.
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Mlynarczyk C, Fontán L, Melnick A. Germinal center-derived lymphomas: The darkest side of humoral immunity. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:214-239. [PMID: 30874354 PMCID: PMC6518944 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the unusual features of germinal center (GC) B cells is that they manifest many hallmarks of cancer cells. Accordingly, most B-cell neoplasms originate from the GC reaction, and characteristically display abundant point mutations, structural genomic lesions, and clonal diversity from the genetic and epigenetic standpoints. The dominant biological theme of GC-derived lymphomas is mutation of genes involved in epigenetic regulation and immune receptor signaling, which come into play at critical transitional stages of the GC reaction. Hence, mechanistic studies of these mutations reveal fundamental insight into the biology of the normal and malignant GC B cell. The BCL6 transcription factor plays a central role in establishing the GC phenotype in B cells, and most lymphomas are dependent on BCL6 to maintain survival, proliferation, and perhaps immune evasion. Many lymphoma mutations have the commonality of enhancing the oncogenic functions of BCL6, or overcoming some of its tumor suppressive effects. Herein, we discuss how unique features of the GC reaction create vulnerabilities that select for particular lymphoma mutations. We examine the interplay between epigenetic programming, metabolism, signaling, and immune regulatory mechanisms in lymphoma, and discuss how these are leading to novel precision therapy strategies to treat lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Mlynarczyk
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology & Medical OncologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew York CityNew York
| | - Lorena Fontán
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology & Medical OncologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew York CityNew York
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology & Medical OncologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew York CityNew York
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Benhamou D, Labi V, Getahun A, Benchetrit E, Dowery R, Rajewsky K, Cambier JC, Melamed D. The c-Myc/miR17-92/PTEN Axis Tunes PI3K Activity to Control Expression of Recombination Activating Genes in Early B Cell Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2715. [PMID: 30524445 PMCID: PMC6262168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate PI3K signals generated by the antigen receptor are essential to promote B cell development. Regulation of recombination activating gene (RAG)-1 and RAG-2 expression is one key process that is mediated by PI3K to ensure developmental progression and selection. When PI3K signals are too high or too low, expression of RAGs does not turn off and B cell development is impaired or blocked. Yet, the mechanism which tunes PI3K activity to control RAG expression during B cell development in the bone marrow is unknown. Recently we showed that a c-Myc/miR17-92/PTEN axis regulates PI3K activity for positive and negative selection of immature B cells. Here, we show that the c-Myc/miR17-92/PTEN axis tunes PI3K activity to control the expression of RAGs in proB cells. Using different genetically engineered mouse models we show that impaired function of the c-Myc/miR17-92/PTEN axis alters the PI3K/Akt/Foxo1 pathway to result in dis-regulated expression of RAG and a block in B cell development. Studies using 38c-13 B lymphoma cells, where RAGs are constitutively expressed, suggest that this regulatory effect is mediated post-translationally through Foxo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Benhamou
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Verena Labi
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Eli Benchetrit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Reem Dowery
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Doron Melamed
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Jhamnani RD, Nunes-Santos CJ, Bergerson J, Rosenzweig SD. Class-Switch Recombination (CSR)/Hyper-IgM (HIGM) Syndromes and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) Defects. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2172. [PMID: 30319630 PMCID: PMC6168630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody production and function represent an essential part of the immune response, particularly in fighting bacterial and viral infections. Multiple immunological phenotypes can result in dysregulation of the immune system humoral compartment, including class-switch recombination (CSR) defects associated with hyper-IgM (HIGM) syndromes. The CSR/HIGM syndromes are defined by the presence of normal or elevated plasma IgM levels in the context of low levels of switched IgG, IgA, and IgE isotypes. Recently described autosomal dominant gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in PIK3CD and PIK3R1 cause combined immunodeficiencies that can also present as CSR/HIGM defects. These defects, their pathophysiology and derived clinical manifestations are described in depth. Previously reported forms of CSR/HIGM syndromes are briefly reviewed and compared to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway defects. Diseases involving the PI3K pathway represent a distinctive subset of CSR/HIGM syndromes, presenting with their own characteristic clinical and laboratory attributes as well as individual therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha D Jhamnani
- Allergy and Immunology Fellowship Program, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cristiane J Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jenna Bergerson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Cannons JL, Preite S, Kapnick SM, Uzel G, Schwartzberg PL. Genetic Defects in Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Influence CD8 + T Cell Survival, Differentiation, and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1758. [PMID: 30116245 PMCID: PMC6082933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta syndrome (APDS), also known as p110 delta-activating mutation causing senescent T cells, lymphadenopathy and immunodeficiency (PASLI), is an autosomal dominant primary human immunodeficiency (PID) caused by heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CD, which encodes the p110δ catalytic subunit of PI3K. This recently described PID is characterized by diverse and heterogeneous clinical manifestations that include recurrent respiratory infections, lymphoproliferation, progressive lymphopenia, and defective antibody responses. A major clinical manifestation observed in the NIH cohort of patients with PIK3CD mutations is chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and/or cytomegalovirus viremia. Despite uncontrolled EBV infection, many APDS/PASLI patients had normal or higher frequencies of EBV-specific CD8+ T cells. In this review, we discuss data pertaining to CD8+ T cell function in APDS/PASLI, including increased cell death, expression of exhaustion markers, and altered killing of autologous EBV-infected B cells, and how these and other data on PI3K provide insight into potential cellular defects that prevent clearance of chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cannons
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Silvia Preite
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Senta M Kapnick
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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40
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He X, Kläsener K, Iype JM, Becker M, Maity PC, Cavallari M, Nielsen PJ, Yang J, Reth M. Continuous signaling of CD79b and CD19 is required for the fitness of Burkitt lymphoma B cells. EMBO J 2018; 37:e97980. [PMID: 29669863 PMCID: PMC5983214 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) is essential not only for the development but also for the maintenance of mature B cells. Similarly, many B-cell lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma (BL), require continuous BCR signaling for their tumor growth. This growth is driven by immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and PI3 kinase (PI3K) signaling. Here, we employ CRISPR/Cas9 to delete BCR and B-cell co-receptor genes in the human BL cell line Ramos. We find that Ramos B cells require the expression of the BCR signaling component Igβ (CD79b), and the co-receptor CD19, for their fitness and competitive growth in culture. Furthermore, we show that in the absence of any other BCR component, Igβ can be expressed on the B-cell surface, where it is found in close proximity to CD19 and signals in an ITAM-dependent manner. These data suggest that Igβ and CD19 are part of an alternative B-cell signaling module that use continuous ITAM/PI3K signaling to promote the survival of B lymphoma and normal B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui He
- BIOSS Centre For Biological Signaling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kläsener
- BIOSS Centre For Biological Signaling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joseena M Iype
- BIOSS Centre For Biological Signaling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Becker
- BIOSS Centre For Biological Signaling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Palash C Maity
- BIOSS Centre For Biological Signaling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Cavallari
- BIOSS Centre For Biological Signaling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Nielsen
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jianying Yang
- BIOSS Centre For Biological Signaling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Reth
- BIOSS Centre For Biological Signaling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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41
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Mendoza P, Martínez-Martín N, Bovolenta ER, Reyes-Garau D, Hernansanz-Agustín P, Delgado P, Diaz-Muñoz MD, Oeste CL, Fernández-Pisonero I, Castellano E, Martínez-Ruiz A, Alonso-Lopez D, Santos E, Bustelo XR, Kurosaki T, Alarcón B. R-Ras2 is required for germinal center formation to aid B cells during energetically demanding processes. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/532/eaal1506. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Jung S, Gámez-Díaz L, Proietti M, Grimbacher B. "Immune TOR-opathies," a Novel Disease Entity in Clinical Immunology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:966. [PMID: 29867948 PMCID: PMC5954032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) represent a group of mostly monogenic disorders caused by loss- or gain-of-function mutations in over 340 known genes that lead to abnormalities in the development and/or the function of the immune system. However, mutations in different genes can affect the same cell-signaling pathway and result in overlapping clinical phenotypes. In particular, mutations in the genes encoding for members of the phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR/S6 kinase (S6K) signaling cascade or for molecules interacting with this pathway have been associated with different PIDs that are often characterized by the coexistence of both immune deficiency and autoimmunity. The serine/threonine kinase mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which acts downstream of PI3K and AKT, is emerging as a key regulator of immune responses. It integrates a variety of signals from the microenvironment to control cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. mTOR plays therefore a central role in the regulation of immune cells’ differentiation and functions. Here, we review the different PIDs that share an impairment of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K pathway and we propose to name them “immune TOR-opathies” by analogy with a group of neurological disorders that has been originally defined by PB Crino and that are due to aberrant mTOR signaling (1). A better understanding of the role played by this complex intracellular cascade in the pathophysiology of “immune TOR-opathies” is crucial to develop targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Jung
- CNRS, UPR 3572 (I2CT), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), Strasbourg, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et de Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Strasbourg - Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Gámez-Díaz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Proietti
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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43
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Miura Y, Morooka M, Sax N, Roychoudhuri R, Itoh-Nakadai A, Brydun A, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Satomi S, Matsumoto M, Igarashi K, Muto A. Bach2 Promotes B Cell Receptor-Induced Proliferation of B Lymphocytes and Represses Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:2882-2893. [PMID: 29540581 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BTB and CNC homology 2 (Bach2) is a transcriptional repressor that is required for the formation of the germinal center (GC) and reactions, including class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of Ig genes in B cells, within the GC. Although BCR-induced proliferation is essential for GC reactions, the function of Bach2 in regulating B cell proliferation has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that Bach2 is required to sustain high levels of B cell proliferation in response to BCR signaling. Following BCR engagement in vitro, B cells from Bach2-deficient (Bach2-/-) mice showed lower incorporation of BrdU and reduced cell cycle progression compared with wild-type cells. Bach2-/- B cells also underwent increased apoptosis, as evidenced by an elevated frequency of sub-G1 cells and early apoptotic cells. Transcriptome analysis of BCR-engaged B cells from Bach2-/- mice revealed reduced expression of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2l1 encoding Bcl-xL and elevated expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) family genes, including Cdkn1a, Cdkn2a, and Cdkn2b Reconstitution of Bcl-xL expression partially rescued the proliferation defect of Bach2-/- B cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that Bach2 bound to the CKI family genes, indicating that these genes are direct repression targets of Bach2. These findings identify Bach2 as a requisite factor for sustaining high levels of BCR-induced proliferation, survival, and cell cycle progression, and it promotes expression of Bcl-xL and repression of CKI genes. BCR-induced proliferation defects may contribute to the impaired GC formation observed in Bach2-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mizuho Morooka
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nicolas Sax
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Itoh-Nakadai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Andrey Brydun
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Susumu Satomi
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; and
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Akihiko Muto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; and
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44
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Brodie EJ, Infantino S, Low MSY, Tarlinton DM. Lyn, Lupus, and (B) Lymphocytes, a Lesson on the Critical Balance of Kinase Signaling in Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:401. [PMID: 29545808 PMCID: PMC5837976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a progressive autoimmune disease characterized by increased sensitivity to self-antigens, auto-antibody production, and systemic inflammation. B cells have been implicated in disease progression and as such represent an attractive therapeutic target. Lyn is a Src family tyrosine kinase that plays a major role in regulating signaling pathways within B cells as well as other hematopoietic cells. Its role in initiating negative signaling cascades is especially critical as exemplified by Lyn-/- mice developing an SLE-like disease with plasma cell hyperplasia, underscoring the importance of tightly regulating signaling within B cells. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the function of the Src family tyrosine kinase Lyn in B lymphocytes and its contribution to positive and negative signaling pathways that are dysregulated in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J. Brodie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simona Infantino
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael S. Y. Low
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Monash Health, Monash Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David M. Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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45
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Abdelrasoul H, Werner M, Setz CS, Okkenhaug K, Jumaa H. PI3K induces B-cell development and regulates B cell identity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1327. [PMID: 29358580 PMCID: PMC5778048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling is important for the survival of numerous cell types and class IA of PI3K is specifically required for the development of B cells but not for T cell development. Here, we show that class IA PI3K-mediated signals induce the expression of the transcription factor Pax5, which plays a central role in B cell commitment and differentiation by activating the expression of central B cell-specific signaling proteins such as SLP-65 and CD19. Defective class IA PI3K function leads to reduction in Pax5 expression and prevents B cell development beyond the stage expressing the precursor B cell receptor (pre-BCR). Investigating the mechanism of PI3K-induced Pax5 expression revealed that it involves a network of transcription factors including FoxO1 and Irf4 that directly binds to the Pax5 gene. Together, our results suggest that PI3K signaling links survival and differentiation of developing B cells with B cell identity and that decreased PI3K activity in pre-B cells results in reduced Pax5 expression and lineage plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Abdelrasoul
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Molecular Biology department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Markus Werner
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Corinna S Setz
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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46
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Jellusova J, Rickert RC. A Brake for B Cell Proliferation: Appropriate responses to metabolic stress are crucial to maintain B cell viability and prevent malignant outgrowth. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28961325 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
B cell activation is accompanied by metabolic adaptations to meet the increased energetic demands of proliferation. The metabolic composition of the microenvironment is known to change during a germinal center response, in inflamed tissue and to vary significantly between different organs. To sustain cellular homeostasis B cells need to be able to dynamically adapt to changes in their environment. An inability to take up and process available nutrients can result in impaired B cell growth and a diminished humoral immune response. Furthermore, the metabolic microenvironment can affect B cell signaling and provide a means to avoid aberrant proliferation or modulate B cell function. Thus, a better understanding of the intricate interplay between cell signaling and metabolism could provide novel insight into how B cell function is regulated and have implications for the development of vaccines or treatment of autoimmune disorders and B cell derived malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jellusova
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology III at the Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Robert C Rickert
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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47
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TREM2 Maintains Microglial Metabolic Fitness in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell 2017; 170:649-663.e13. [PMID: 28802038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 682] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with hypomorphic variants of TREM2, a surface receptor required for microglial responses to neurodegeneration, including proliferation, survival, clustering, and phagocytosis. How TREM2 promotes such diverse responses is unknown. Here, we find that microglia in AD patients carrying TREM2 risk variants and TREM2-deficient mice with AD-like pathology have abundant autophagic vesicles, as do TREM2-deficient macrophages under growth-factor limitation or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Combined metabolomics and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) linked this anomalous autophagy to defective mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which affects ATP levels and biosynthetic pathways. Metabolic derailment and autophagy were offset in vitro through Dectin-1, a receptor that elicits TREM2-like intracellular signals, and cyclocreatine, a creatine analog that can supply ATP. Dietary cyclocreatine tempered autophagy, restored microglial clustering around plaques, and decreased plaque-adjacent neuronal dystrophy in TREM2-deficient mice with amyloid-β pathology. Thus, TREM2 enables microglial responses during AD by sustaining cellular energetic and biosynthetic metabolism.
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48
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Ushmorov A, Wirth T. FOXO in B-cell lymphopoiesis and B cell neoplasia. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 50:132-141. [PMID: 28774833 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
FOX O family transcription factors are important for differentiation and function of multiple cell types. In B lymphocytes they play a critical role. The activity of FOXOs is directly regulated both by signaling from B cell receptor (BCR) and cytokine receptors. FOXO1 action controls the transition between differentiation stages of B cell development. In comparison to other FOXO family members, FOXO1 plays a superior role in the regulation of early stages of B-cell differentiation. Although being known as a negative regulator of cell proliferation and therefore potential tumor suppressor, FOXO1 is downregulated only in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) subtypes. In non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) entities its expression is maintained at significant levels, raising the question on the role of FOXO-transcription factors in the proliferation and survival programs in the process of B cell differentiation as well as their contribution to the oncogenic programs of B-cell lymphomas. In particular, we discuss molecular mechanisms that might determine the switch between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival effects of FOXO1 and their interplay with specific differentiation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ushmorov
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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49
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Coffre M, Koralov SB. miRNAs in B Cell Development and Lymphomagenesis. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:721-736. [PMID: 28694140 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are essential for an efficient immune response against a variety of pathogens. A large fraction of hematologic malignancies is of B cell origin, suggesting that the development and activation of B cells need to be tightly regulated. In recent years, increasing evidence has emerged demonstrating that microRNAs (miRNAs) - a class of non-coding RNAs that control gene expression - are involved in the regulation of B cell development and function. We provide here an overview of the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs and their relevant targets in B cell development, B cell activation, and B cell malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryaline Coffre
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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50
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Abstract
How can we treat cancer more effectively? Traditionally, tumours from the same anatomical site are treated as one tumour entity. This concept has been challenged by recent breakthroughs in cancer genomics and translational research that have enabled molecular tumour profiling. The identification and validation of cancer drivers that are shared between different tumour types, spurred the new paradigm to target driver pathways across anatomical sites by off-label drug use, or within so-called basket or umbrella trials which are designed to test whether molecular alterations in one tumour entity can be extrapolated to all others. However, recent clinical and preclinical studies suggest that there are tissue- and cell type-specific differences in tumorigenesis and the organization of oncogenic signalling pathways. In this Opinion article, we focus on the molecular, cellular, systemic and environmental determinants of organ-specific tumorigenesis and the mechanisms of context-specific oncogenic signalling outputs. Investigation, recognition and in-depth biological understanding of these differences will be vital for the design of next-generation clinical trials and the implementation of molecularly guided cancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Schneider
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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