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Alpízar A, Fajardo R, Martínez JS, Ortega C. Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in a captive female chimpanzee: A case report. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12684. [PMID: 37985948 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A necropsy was performed on a 43-year-old female zoo chimpanzee, with cancer in the vulvar and perivulvar region. She was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, the presence of this tumor in domestic animals and non-human primates is very rare in the vulvar region and there were no previous reports found on it in chimpanzee, due to which this report contributes to the knowledge on chimpanzee pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aide Alpízar
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Toluca, Mexico
| | - Raul Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Toluca, Mexico
| | - José Simón Martínez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Toluca, Mexico
| | - Cesar Ortega
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Toluca, Mexico
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2
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Korneenko TV, Pestov NB. Oncogenic BRCA1,2 Mutations in the Human Lineage-A By-Product of Sexual Selection? Biomedicines 2023; 12:22. [PMID: 38275383 PMCID: PMC10813183 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the long-known problem of tissue-specific carcinogenesis in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: while the genes are expressed ubiquitously, increased cancer risk is observed mostly in the breast and ovaries, and to a much lesser extent, in some other tissues such as the prostate or pancreas. We reevaluate hypotheses on the evolutionary origin of these mutations in humans. Also, we align together the reports that at least some great apes have much lower risks of epithelial cancers in general and breast cancer in particular with the fact that humans have more voluminous breast tissue as compared to their closest extant relatives, particularly chimpanzees and bonobos. We conjecture that this disparity may be a consequence of sexual selection, augmented via selection for enhanced lactation. Further, we argue that there is an organ-specific enigma similar to the Peto paradox: breast cancer risk in humans is only minimally correlated with breast size. These considerations lead to the hypothesis that, along with the evolutionary development of larger breasts in humans, additional changes have played a balancing role in suppressing breast cancer. These yet-to-be-discovered mechanisms, while purely speculative, may be valuable to understanding human breast cancer, though they may not be exclusive to the mammary gland epithelial cells. Combining these themes, we review some anti-carcinogenesis preventive strategies and prospects of new interventions against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Korneenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Pestov
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
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3
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Vaill M, Kawanishi K, Varki N, Gagneux P, Varki A. Comparative physiological anthropogeny: exploring molecular underpinnings of distinctly human phenotypes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2171-2229. [PMID: 36603157 PMCID: PMC10151058 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogeny is a classic term encompassing transdisciplinary investigations of the origins of the human species. Comparative anthropogeny is a systematic comparison of humans and other living nonhuman hominids (so-called "great apes"), aiming to identify distinctly human features in health and disease, with the overall goal of explaining human origins. We begin with a historical perspective, briefly describing how the field progressed from the earliest evolutionary insights to the current emphasis on in-depth molecular and genomic investigations of "human-specific" biology and an increased appreciation for cultural impacts on human biology. While many such genetic differences between humans and other hominids have been revealed over the last two decades, this information remains insufficient to explain the most distinctive phenotypic traits distinguishing humans from other living hominids. Here we undertake a complementary approach of "comparative physiological anthropogeny," along the lines of the preclinical medical curriculum, i.e., beginning with anatomy and considering each physiological system and in each case considering genetic and molecular components that are relevant. What is ultimately needed is a systematic comparative approach at all levels from molecular to physiological to sociocultural, building networks of related information, drawing inferences, and generating testable hypotheses. The concluding section will touch on distinctive considerations in the study of human evolution, including the importance of gene-culture interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vaill
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nissi Varki
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pascal Gagneux
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ajit Varki
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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4
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Moresco A, Feltrer-Rambaud Y, Wolfman D, Agnew DW. Reproductive one health in primates. Am J Primatol 2021; 84:e23325. [PMID: 34516669 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One Health is a collaborative trans-disciplinary approach to health; integrating human, animal, and environmental health. The focus is often on infection disease transmission and disease risk mitigation. However, One Health also includes the multidisciplinary and comparative approach to disease investigation and health of humans, animals, and the environment. One key aspect of environmental/ecosystem health is conservation, the maintenance of healthy, actively reproducing wildlife populations. Reproduction and reproductive health are an integral part of the One Health approach: the comparative aspects of reproduction can inform conservation policies or breeding strategies (in situ and ex situ) in addition to physiology and disease. Differences in reproductive strategies affect the impact poaching and habitat disruption might have on a given population, as well as ex situ breeding programs and the management of zoo and sanctuary populations. Much is known about chimpanzees, macaques, and marmosets as these are common animal models, but there is much that remains unknown regarding reproduction in many other primates. Examining the similarities and differences between and within taxonomic groups allows reasonable extrapolation for decision-making when there are knowledge gaps. For example: (1) knowing that a species has very low reproductive rates adds urgency to conservation policy for that region or species; (2) identifying species with short or absent lactation anestrus allows ex situ institutions to better plan contraception options for specific individuals or prepare for the immediate next pregnancy; (3) recognizing that progestin contraceptives are effective contraceptives, but may be associated with endometrial hyperplasia in some species (in Lemuridae but not great apes) better guides empirical contraceptive choice; (4) recognizing the variable endometriosis prevalence across taxa improves preventive medicine programs. A summary of anatomical variation, endocrinology, contraception, pathology, and diagnostics is provided to illustrate these features and aid in routine physical and postmortem examinations as well as primate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Moresco
- International Primate Health & Welfare Group, Madrid, Spain.,Reproductive Health Surveillance Program, Morrison, Colorado, USA
| | - Yedra Feltrer-Rambaud
- International Primate Health & Welfare Group, Madrid, Spain.,EAZA Reproductive Management Group, Chester, UK
| | - Darcy Wolfman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, National Capital Region, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dalen W Agnew
- Reproductive Health Surveillance Program, Morrison, Colorado, USA.,Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Cloutier Barbour C, Vazquez K, Hammond E. Diagnosis and treatment of a poorly differentiated carcinoma in a male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)-A case study. J Med Primatol 2021; 50:219-221. [PMID: 34111311 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the occurrence of a poorly differentiated carcinoma in a captive-born 28 year-old male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) who has a familial history of cancer. Pathological findings, surgical interventions, and experimental treatments are discussed.
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Kirejczyk S, Pinelli C, Gonzalez O, Kumar S, Dick E, Gumber S. Urogenital Lesions in Nonhuman Primates at 2 National Primate Research Centers. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:147-160. [PMID: 33208023 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820971752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Given their genetic and anatomic similarities to humans, nonhuman primates (NHPs) may serve as animal models for urogenital diseases of humans. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of spontaneous urogenital lesions occurring over a 30-year period at the Yerkes and Southwest National Primate Research Centers and to compare and contrast lesions occurring in Old World versus New World primates. Lesions occurring in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), baboon (Papio spp.), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis), pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina), sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), cotton-top tamarin (Sanguinus oedipus), and squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) are discussed. The most common lesions of the kidney were medullary amyloidosis, renal cysts, renal tubular degeneration, glomerulonephritis or glomerulopathy, nephritis, nephrocalcinosis, pyelonephritis, and hydronephrosis. Specific causes of renal tubular disease included pigmentary nephrosis and tubular lipidosis. Renal tumors, including renal adenoma and carcinoma, lymphoma, and nephroblastoma, were infrequent diagnoses in all species. Endometriosis was the most frequently diagnosed lesion of the female genital tract. Of the animals examined in this study, it was most frequent in Old World primates. Leiomyoma was the most common uterine tumor. Granulosa cell tumor was the most frequently observed neoplasm of the ovaries, followed by teratoma. Of animals included in the study, most ovarian tumors occurred in baboons. Neoplasms of the male reproductive tract included interstitial cell tumor, seminoma, penile squamous cell carcinoma, penile papilloma, and histiocytoma. In New World monkeys, renal lesions were reported more frequently than genital lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Pinelli
- 1371Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,*Current address: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave South MCN AA-6206, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- 7075Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shyamesh Kumar
- 7075Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Edward Dick
- 7075Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Kitsoulis CV, Baxevanis AD, Abatzopoulos TJ. The occurrence of cancer in vertebrates: a mini review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:9. [PMID: 32528906 PMCID: PMC7282124 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-020-00119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neoplasia is a multilevel condition caused by irregularities over the genome, which can lead to a fatal result. To fully understand this phenomenon, an evolutionary challenge has risen during the last decades, away from human limits, driving the scientific quest into the wild life. The study of wild vertebrate populations in their natural habitats has shown that cancer is rather prominent. Thus, the diversity of vertebrates reported with some form of neoplasia is quite scattered through a variety of habitats. However, some species constitute exceptions by exhibiting cancer-protective features, driven by certain loci in their DNA. It is obvious that from an evolutionary standpoint, the incidence of cancer in different taxa is nowadays studied by seeking for patterns and their roots. The main purpose of the evolutionary approach is no other than to answer a fundamental question: Could cancer be ultimately regarded as another evolutionary force conducive to the formation or shaping-up of species?
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos V Kitsoulis
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios D Baxevanis
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodore J Abatzopoulos
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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8
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Daggett GJ, Wood JS, Gumber S, Pinelli CJ. Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Squirrel Monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus). Comp Med 2019; 70:83-86. [PMID: 31747992 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
On postmortem examination, 2 geriatric captive male squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were found to have pituitary masses that were unassociated with previous experimental manipulation. Both animals were euthanized due to apparently unrelated clinical reasons. Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining classified these tumors as thyrotrophic and corticotrophic pituitary adenomas. These cases represent the first reports of this tumor type in squirrel monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Daggett
- Veterinary Services Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer S Wood
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christopher J Pinelli
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;,
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LESIONS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT IN JAPANESE MACAQUE ( MACACA FUSCATA) FROM TWO CAPTIVE COLONIES. J Zoo Wildl Med 2019. [PMID: 29517447 DOI: 10.1638/2016-0171r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive lesions have been described in various nonhuman primate species, including rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis), baboons ( Papio spp.), squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus), and chimpanzees ( Pan spp.); however, there are few publications describing reproductive disease and pathology in Japanese macaques ( Macaca fuscata). A retrospective evaluation of postmortem reports for two captive M. fuscata populations housed within zoos from 1982 through 2015 was completed, comparing reproductive diseases diagnosed by gross pathology and histopathology. Disease prevalence, organs affected, and median age at death between the two institutions was also compared. Fifteen female captive M. fuscata, ranging in age from 15 to 29 yr were identified with reproductive tract lesions, including endometriosis, endometritis, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, and adenomyosis. No significant differences were identified in disease prevalence, organs affected, and median age of death between the two institutions. Endometriosis was the most common disease process identified and was found in 10 of the 15 cases (66.7%), followed by leiomyoma (4 of 15; 26.7%). In four cases (26.7%), severe endometriosis and secondary hemorrhage was indicated as the cause of death or the primary reason for humane euthanasia. These findings were compared with a separate population of Japanese macaques managed within a research facility in the United States, with a prevalence of endometriosis of 7.6%. This study discusses possible risk factors and potential treatment options for the management of endometriosis in captive M. fuscata.
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Howard E, Gonzalez O, Gumber S, Anderson DC, Kumar S, Dick E. Salivary gland neoplasms in non-human primates: A case series and brief literature review. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:197-204. [PMID: 30941779 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary gland neoplasms are rare in non-human primates. METHODS Thirty-five years of pathology records were reviewed at the Southwest (SNPRC) and Yerkes (YNPRC) National Primate Research Centers. An in-depth literature search for salivary gland neoplasms in non-human primates was performed. RESULTS Seventeen salivary gland neoplasms (nine from SNPRC and YNPRC, eight from published literature) were identified. There were seven malignant, nine benign, and one of undetermined behavior identified in eight rhesus macaques, six baboons, a chimpanzee, a bonnet macaque, and a moustached tamarin. Parotid gland was the most frequent origin (n = 7), followed by mandibular (n = 4) or minor salivary glands (n = 2). Two animals with salivary gland adenoma had a history of prior radiation exposure. CONCLUSIONS Parotid glands are the most common origin for salivary gland neoplasms. Salivary gland neoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnoses of head and neck masses in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Howard
- Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel C Anderson
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shyamesh Kumar
- Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Edward Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
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11
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Nyce JW. Detection of a novel, primate-specific 'kill switch' tumor suppression mechanism that may fundamentally control cancer risk in humans: an unexpected twist in the basic biology of TP53. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R497-R517. [PMID: 29941676 PMCID: PMC6106910 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The activation of TP53 is well known to exert tumor suppressive effects. We have detected a primate-specific adrenal androgen-mediated tumor suppression system in which circulating DHEAS is converted to DHEA specifically in cells in which TP53 has been inactivated DHEA is an uncompetitive inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), an enzyme indispensable for maintaining reactive oxygen species within limits survivable by the cell. Uncompetitive inhibition is otherwise unknown in natural systems because it becomes irreversible in the presence of high concentrations of substrate and inhibitor. In addition to primate-specific circulating DHEAS, a unique, primate-specific sequence motif that disables an activating regulatory site in the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) promoter was also required to enable function of this previously unrecognized tumor suppression system. In human somatic cells, loss of TP53 thus triggers activation of DHEAS transport proteins and steroid sulfatase, which converts circulating DHEAS into intracellular DHEA, and hexokinase which increases glucose-6-phosphate substrate concentration. The triggering of these enzymes in the TP53-affected cell combines with the primate-specific G6PC promoter sequence motif that enables G6P substrate accumulation, driving uncompetitive inhibition of G6PD to irreversibility and ROS-mediated cell death. By this catastrophic 'kill switch' mechanism, TP53 mutations are effectively prevented from initiating tumorigenesis in the somatic cells of humans, the primate with the highest peak levels of circulating DHEAS. TP53 mutations in human tumors therefore represent fossils of kill switch failure resulting from an age-related decline in circulating DHEAS, a potentially reversible artifact of hominid evolution.
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12
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Fujishiro YI, Koie H, Nakayama S, Shibata H, Okabayashi S, Katakai Y, Kanayama K, Yasutomi Y, Ageyama N. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spontaneous Hepatic Neoplasia in a Cynomolgus Macaque ( Macaca fascicularis). Comp Med 2018; 68:233-238. [PMID: 29843863 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-17-000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the number of reports describing tumors in aged NHP has increased, spontaneous neoplasias in NHP are extremely rare, with the notable exception of prosimians, in which spontaneous hepatic neoplasms arise. In addition to radiography and ultrasonography, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced MRI tends to be applied in human practice to non-invasively locate, identify, and size liver tumors and to define the border between neoplastic and normal tissues. Here we report a 13-y-old female cynomolgus monkey with anorexia and serologically normal liver enzymes. After fluid therapy, the condition remained in remission for several months. Later, however, a palpable mass was assessed by using ultrasonography, radiology, and SPIO-MRI; T2-weighted images revealed a clear border between a hepatocellular carcinoma and normal liver tissue. Findings at necropsy supported the imaging data. Serologic assessment after euthanasia revealed a positive reaction to an abnormal form of prothrombin (PIVKA-II). We recommend SPIO-MRI as a practical and useful for diagnosing hepatocellular neoplasias in NHP. This study is the first to demonstrate the applicability of SPIO-MRI for the identification of hepatocellular carcinoma in NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Ito Fujishiro
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan; College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koie
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan; College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sachi Okabayashi
- Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Katakai
- Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kanayama
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan.
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13
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Albuquerque TAF, Drummond do Val L, Doherty A, de Magalhães JP. From humans to hydra: patterns of cancer across the tree of life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1715-1734. [PMID: 29663630 PMCID: PMC6055669 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of multicellularity; it originates when cells become dysregulated due to mutations and grow out of control, invading other tissues and provoking discomfort, disability, and eventually death. Human life expectancy has greatly increased in the last two centuries, and consequently so has the incidence of cancer. However, how cancer patterns in humans compare to those of other species remains largely unknown. In this review, we search for clues about cancer and its evolutionary underpinnings across the tree of life. We discuss data from a wide range of species, drawing comparisons with humans when adequate, and interpret our findings from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude that certain cancers are uniquely common in humans, such as lung, prostate, and testicular cancer; while others are common across many species. Lymphomas appear in almost every animal analysed, including in young animals, which may be related to pathogens imposing selection on the immune system. Cancers unique to humans may be due to our modern environment or may be evolutionary accidents: random events in the evolution of our species. Finally, we find that cancer‐resistant animals such as whales and mole‐rats have evolved cellular mechanisms that help them avoid neoplasia, and we argue that there are multiple natural routes to cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales A F Albuquerque
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, SMHN Quadra 03 conjunto A, Bloco 1 Edifício Fepecs CEP 70, 710-907, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luisa Drummond do Val
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
| | - Aoife Doherty
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
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14
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Lowenstine LJ, McManamon R, Terio KA. Apes. PATHOLOGY OF WILDLIFE AND ZOO ANIMALS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7173580 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805306-5.00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Díaz-Delgado J, Sanches T, dos Santos-Cirqueira C, Coimbra A, Guerra J, Joppert A, Di Loretto C, Rizardi M, Sansone M, Nagamori F, Gonçalves P, Ressio R, Iglezias S, Fernandes N, Kanamura C, Groch K, Catão-Dias J. Hepatocellular carcinoma in a free-living marmoset (Callithrixsp.) with concomitant biliary trematodiasis. J Med Primatol 2017; 47:128-131. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Díaz-Delgado
- Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brasil
- Centro de Patologia; Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - T. C. Sanches
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre (DEPAVE-3); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - A. A. C. Coimbra
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre (DEPAVE-3); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - J. M. Guerra
- Centro de Patologia; Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - A. Joppert
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre (DEPAVE-3); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - C. Di Loretto
- Centro de Patologia; Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - M. B. Rizardi
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre (DEPAVE-3); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - M. Sansone
- Centro de Patologia; Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - F. O. Nagamori
- Centro de Patologia; Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - P. S. Gonçalves
- Centro de Patologia; Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - R. Ressio
- Centro de Patologia; Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - S. Iglezias
- Centro de Patologia; Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - C. Kanamura
- Centro de Patologia; Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL); São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - K. R. Groch
- Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - J. L. Catão-Dias
- Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brasil
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16
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Kumar S, Laurence H, Owston MA, Sharp RM, Williams P, Lanford RE, Hubbard GB, Dick EJ. Natural pathology of the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A 35-year review. J Med Primatol 2017; 46:271-290. [PMID: 28543059 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We present the spontaneous pathological lesions identified as a result of necropsy or biopsy for 245 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) over a 35-year period. A review of the pathology database was performed for all diagnoses on chimpanzees from 1980 to 2014. All morphologic diagnoses, associated system, organ, etiology, and demographic information were reviewed and analyzed. Cardiomyopathy was the most frequent lesion observed followed by hemosiderosis, hyperplasia, nematodiasis, edema, and hemorrhage. The most frequently affected systems were the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory, and lymphatic/hematopoietic systems. The most common etiology was undetermined, followed by degenerative, physiologic, neoplastic, parasitic, and bacterial. Perinatal and infant animals were mostly affected by physiologic etiologies and chimpanzee-induced trauma. Bacterial and physiologic etiologies were more common in juvenile animals. Degenerative and physiologic (and neoplastic in geriatric animals) etiologies predominated in adult, middle aged, and geriatric chimpanzees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamesh Kumar
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hannah Laurence
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.,UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Owston
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - R Mark Sharp
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Priscilla Williams
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert E Lanford
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gene B Hubbard
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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17
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Laurence H, Kumar S, Owston MA, Lanford RE, Hubbard GB, Dick EJ. Natural mortality and cause of death analysis of the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A 35-year review. J Med Primatol 2017; 46:106-115. [PMID: 28418090 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present the spontaneous causes of mortality for 137 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) over a 35-year period. A record review of the pathology database was performed and a primary cause of mortality was determined for each chimpanzee. The most common causes of mortality were as follows: cardiomyopathy (40% of all mortalities), stillbirth/abortion, acute myocardial necrosis, chimpanzee-induced trauma, amyloidosis, and pneumonia. Five morphologic diagnoses accounted for 61% of mortalities: cardiomyopathy, hemorrhage, acute myocardial necrosis, amyloidosis, and pneumonia. The most common etiologies were degenerative, undetermined, bacterial, traumatic, and neoplastic. The cardiovascular system was most frequently involved, followed by the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and multisystemic diseases. Degenerative diseases were the primary etiological cause of mortality of the adult captive chimpanzee population. Chimpanzee-induced trauma was the major etiological cause of mortality among the perinatal and infant population. This information should be a useful resource for veterinarians and researchers working with chimpanzees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Laurence
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.,UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shyamesh Kumar
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Owston
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert E Lanford
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gene B Hubbard
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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18
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Park JS, Withers SS, Modiano JF, Kent MS, Chen M, Luna JI, Culp WTN, Sparger EE, Rebhun RB, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ, Canter RJ. Canine cancer immunotherapy studies: linking mouse and human. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:97. [PMID: 28031824 PMCID: PMC5171656 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent major clinical breakthroughs in human cancer immunotherapy including the use of checkpoint inhibitors and engineered T cells, important challenges remain, including determining the sub-populations of patients who will respond and who will experience at times significant toxicities. Although advances in cancer immunotherapy depend on preclinical testing, the majority of in-vivo testing currently relies on genetically identical inbred mouse models which, while offering critical insights regarding efficacy and mechanism of action, also vastly underrepresent the heterogeneity and complex interplay of human immune cells and cancers. Additionally, laboratory mice uncommonly develop spontaneous tumors, are housed under specific-pathogen free conditions which markedly impacts immune development, and incompletely model key aspects of the tumor/immune microenvironment. The canine model represents a powerful tool in cancer immunotherapy research as an important link between murine models and human clinical studies. Dogs represent an attractive outbred combination of companion animals that experience spontaneous cancer development in the setting of an intact immune system. This allows for study of complex immune interactions during the course of treatment while also directly addressing long-term efficacy and toxicity of cancer immunotherapies. However, immune dissection requires access to robust and validated immune assays and reagents as well as appropriate numbers for statistical evaluation. Canine studies will need further optimization of these important mechanistic tools for this model to fulfill its promise as a model for immunotherapy. This review aims to discuss the canine model in the context of existing preclinical cancer immunotherapy models to evaluate both its advantages and limitations, as well as highlighting its growth as a powerful tool in the burgeoning field of both human and veterinary immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon S Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Sita S Withers
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- The Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Jesus I Luna
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - William T N Culp
- The Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ellen E Sparger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- The Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Dermatology and Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.,Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
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19
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Varki NM, Varki A. On the apparent rarity of epithelial cancers in captive chimpanzees. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0225. [PMID: 26056369 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms arising from epithelial cells are called carcinomas. Such cancers are diagnosed in about one in three humans in 'developed' countries, with the most common sites affected being lung, breast, prostate, colon, ovary and pancreas. By contrast, carcinomas are said to be rare in captive chimpanzees, which share more than 99% protein sequence homology with humans (and possibly in other related 'great apes'-bonobos, gorillas and orangutans). Simple ascertainment bias is an unlikely explanation, as these nonhuman hominids are recipients of excellent veterinary care in research facilities and zoos, and are typically subjected to necropsies when they die. In keeping with this notion, benign tumours and cancers that are less common in humans are well documented in this population. In this brief overview, we discuss other possible explanations for the reported rarity of carcinomas in our closest evolutionary cousins, including inadequacy of numbers surveyed, differences in life expectancy, diet, genetic susceptibility, immune responses or their microbiomes, and other potential environmental factors. We conclude that while relative carcinoma risk is a likely difference between humans and chimpanzees (and possibly other 'great apes'), a more systematic survey of available data is required for validation of this claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissi M Varki
- Department of Pathology, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Pathology, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Department of Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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20
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Beck AP, Magden ER, Buchl SJ, Baze WB. Malignant Neoplasia of the Sex Skin in 2 Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Comp Med 2016; 66:154-161. [PMID: 27053571 PMCID: PMC4825966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This report describes 2 cases of spontaneous malignant neoplasia within the sex skin of aged female chimpanzees. In both cases, the initial presentation resembled nonhealing traumatic wounds to the sex skin, with different degrees of infection, ulceration, and tissue necrosis. Histopathology of the lesions confirmed the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma in one case and of adenocarcinoma with metastasis in the other. Advanced age and previous trauma likely contributed to the development of the neoplasias in both cases; long-term sun exposure may also have contributed to the development of the squamous cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, these 2 cases represent the first reports of sex skin neoplasia in chimpanzees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Beck
- Michaele E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Magden
- Michaele E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie J Buchl
- Michaele E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA
| | - Wallace B Baze
- Michaele E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA
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21
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Chaffee BK, Beck AP, Owston MA, Kumar S, Baze WB, Magden ER, Dick EJ, Lammey M, Abee CR. Spontaneous Reproductive Tract Lesions in Aged Captive Chimpanzees. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:425-35. [PMID: 26823448 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815620654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have served as an important model for studies of reproductive diseases and aging-related disorders in humans. However, limited information is available about spontaneously occurring reproductive tract lesions in aging chimpanzees. In this article, the authors present histopathologic descriptions of lesions identified in the reproductive tract, including the mammary gland, of 33 female and 34 male aged chimpanzees from 3 captive populations. The most common findings in female chimpanzees were ovarian atrophy, uterine leiomyoma, adenomyosis, and endometrial atrophy. The most common findings in male chimpanzees were seminiferous tubule degeneration and lymphocytic infiltrates in the prostate gland. Other less common lesions included an ovarian granulosa cell tumor, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, an endometrial polyp, uterine artery hypertrophy and mineralization, atrophic vaginitis, mammary gland inflammation, prostatic epithelial hyperplasia, dilated seminal vesicles, a sperm granuloma, and lymphocytic infiltrates in the epididymis. The findings in this study closely mimic changes described in the reproductive tract of aged humans, with the exception of a lack of malignant changes observed in the mammary gland and prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Chaffee
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - A P Beck
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - M A Owston
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S Kumar
- National Animal Disease Center, US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
| | - W B Baze
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - E R Magden
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - E J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Lammey
- Alamogordo Primate Facility, Alamogordo, NM, USA
| | - C R Abee
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
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22
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Lowenstine LJ, McManamon R, Terio KA. Comparative Pathology of Aging Great Apes: Bonobos, Chimpanzees, Gorillas, and Orangutans. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:250-76. [PMID: 26721908 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815612154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) are our closest relatives. Despite the many similarities, there are significant differences in aging among apes, including the human ape. Common to all are dental attrition, periodontitis, tooth loss, osteopenia, and arthritis, although gout is uniquely human and spondyloarthropathy is more prevalent in apes than humans. Humans are more prone to frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, longevity past reproductive senescence, loss of brain volume, and Alzheimer dementia. Cerebral vascular disease occurs in both humans and apes. Cardiovascular disease mortality increases in aging humans and apes, but coronary atherosclerosis is the most significant type in humans. In captive apes, idiopathic myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyopathy predominate, with arteriosclerosis of intramural coronary arteries. Similar cardiac lesions are occasionally seen in wild apes. Vascular changes in heart and kidneys and aortic dissections in gorillas and bonobos suggest that hypertension may be involved in pathogenesis. Chronic kidney disease is common in elderly humans and some aging apes and is linked with cardiovascular disease in orangutans. Neoplasms common to aging humans and apes include uterine leiomyomas in chimpanzees, but other tumors of elderly humans, such as breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers, are uncommon in apes. Among the apes, chimpanzees have been best studied in laboratory settings, and more comparative research is needed into the pathology of geriatric zoo-housed and wild apes. Increasing longevity of humans and apes makes understanding aging processes and diseases imperative for optimizing quality of life in all the ape species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Lowenstine
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project-Gorilla Doctors, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R McManamon
- Zoo and Exotic Animal Pathology Service, Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - K A Terio
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
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23
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Gumber S, Stovall MI, Owens DC, Davis JN, Crane MM. Pathology in Practice. Uterine leiomyoma precipitated by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a chimpanzee. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 247:615-7. [PMID: 26331419 DOI: 10.2460/javma.247.6.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Gumber S, Stovall MI, Breding E, Crane MM. Spontaneous leiomyomas of the gastroesophageal junction in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Comp Med 2014; 64:230-233. [PMID: 24956216 PMCID: PMC4067588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A 49-y-old, female chimpanzee presented with a history of cardiac failure. Postmortem examination revealed lesions consistent with congestive heart failure and 2 incidental, round, firm, pale-tan intramural nodules (diameter, 2 cm) in the stomach at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Histologically, the GEJ nodules were diagnosed as benign spindle-cell tumors. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed neoplastic cells diffusely labeled with α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, multifocally labeled for desmin, and were negative for c-kit (CD117). Electron microscopy revealed intracytoplasmic bundles of myofilaments with dense bodies, basal lamina, and few pinocytic vesicles in the neoplastic cells. According to these findings, leiomyomas of the GEJ were diagnosed. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors have been documented to occur in chimpanzees, but there are no reports of GEJ leiomyomas. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of spontaneous leiomyomas of the GEJ in a chimpanzee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Gumber
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Melissa I Stovall
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eileen Breding
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria M Crane
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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25
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Gonzales-Viera O, Quevedo T, Chavera A, Perales-Camacho R, Grandi F, Catão-Dias JL. Primary urinary bladder haemangiosarcoma in a captive saddleback tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis). J Med Primatol 2014; 43:272-5. [PMID: 24784233 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A captive adult male saddleback tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis, was lethargic, unresponsive to its surrounding and died before medical care. METHODS Necroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. RESULTS Neoplastic spindle cells of the urinary bladder were positive for antifactor VIII antibody. CONCLUSION A primary urinary bladder haemangiosarcoma was diagnosed, and it has not been previously reported in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Gonzales-Viera
- Laboratório de Histología, Embriología y Patología Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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26
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Lapin BA, Yakovleva LA. Spontaneous and experimental malignancies in non-human primates. J Med Primatol 2014; 43:100-10. [PMID: 24392944 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to earlier established opinion that tumors in monkeys are found rarely, now the large material confirms that monkey tumors are frequent phenomenon. Tumor incidence clearly increases with age. Frequencies of benign and malignant tumors of various locations and histogenesis are slightly different. Tumors of hematopoietic system are the most frequent. Sporadic cases and enzootic outbreaks of lymphomas are described for different kinds of monkeys, including apes, and probably are caused by viruses. Two viruses were isolated by us from sick monkeys - the retrovirus C-type STLV-1 and the herpes virus papio HVP. Inoculation of virus cultures into monkeys and rabbits induces neoplasms. Monkey neoplasms can be induced by exposure to various chemical agents, and by oncogenic and non-oncogenic viruses. There is no strict species specificity of tumor viruses. The role of polyoma viruses in neoplasms etiology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A Lapin
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology RAMS, Sochi-Adler, Russia
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27
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Fujisawa M, Udono T, Nogami E, Hirosawa M, Morimura N, Saito A, Seres M, Teramoto M, Nagano K, Mori Y, Uesaka H, Nasu K, Tomonaga M, Idani G, Hirata S, Tsuruyama T, Matsubayashi K. A case of maxillary sarcoma in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes
). J Med Primatol 2013; 43:111-4. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fujisawa
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - T. Udono
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
| | - E. Nogami
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
| | - M. Hirosawa
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
| | - N. Morimura
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
| | - A. Saito
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
| | - M. Seres
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Japan
| | - M. Teramoto
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
| | - K. Nagano
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
| | - Y. Mori
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
| | - H. Uesaka
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
| | - K. Nasu
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
| | - M. Tomonaga
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Japan
| | - G. Idani
- Kumamoto Sanctuary; Wildlife Research Center; Kyoto University; Uki Japan
| | - S. Hirata
- Primate Research Institute; Kyoto University; Inuyama Japan
| | - T. Tsuruyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Kyoto University Hospital; Kyoto Japan
| | - K. Matsubayashi
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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28
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de Souza AC, Lange RR, Guerios SD, Froes TR. Ultrasonographic examination in non-human primates with acute abdomen signs. J Med Primatol 2013; 42:336-42. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rogério Ribas Lange
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Simone Domit Guerios
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Tilde Rodrigues Froes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Paraná; Curitiba Paraná Brazil
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Hanley PW, Barnhart KF, Satterfield WC, McArthur MJ, Buchl SJ, Baze WB. Obstructive uropathy secondary to uterine leiomyoma in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Comp Med 2012; 62:543-545. [PMID: 23561890 PMCID: PMC3527761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Complications due to uterine leiomyomata in chimpanzees have rarely been documented. Here we describe a female chimpanzee that developed severe hydronephrosis in the right kidney due to leiomyoma. Because hysterectomy did not alleviate the hydronephrosis, nephrectomy was elected. After these procedures, the chimpanzee is doing well. Leiomyomata screening programs with treatment algorithms are a useful component of a comprehensive chimpanzee program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Hanley
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Michale E Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA.
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Sasseville VG, Mansfield KG, Mankowski JL, Tremblay C, Terio KA, Mätz-Rensing K, Gruber-Dujardin E, Delaney MA, Schmidt LD, Liu D, Markovits JE, Owston M, Harbison C, Shanmukhappa S, Miller AD, Kaliyaperumal S, Assaf BT, Kattenhorn L, Macri SC, Simmons HA, Baldessari A, Sharma P, Courtney C, Bradley A, Cline JM, Reindel JF, Hutto DL, Montali RJ, Lowenstine LJ. Meeting report: Spontaneous lesions and diseases in wild, captive-bred, and zoo-housed nonhuman primates and in nonhuman primate species used in drug safety studies. Vet Pathol 2012; 49:1057-69. [PMID: 23135296 PMCID: PMC4034460 DOI: 10.1177/0300985812461655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The combination of loss of habitat, human population encroachment, and increased demand of select nonhuman primates for biomedical research has significantly affected populations. There remains a need for knowledge and expertise in understanding background findings as related to the age, source, strain, and disease status of nonhuman primates. In particular, for safety/biomedical studies, a broader understanding and documentation of lesions would help clarify background from drug-related findings. A workshop and a minisymposium on spontaneous lesions and diseases in nonhuman primates were sponsored by the concurrent Annual Meetings of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists and the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology held December 3-4, 2011, in Nashville, Tennessee. The first session had presentations from Drs Lowenstine and Montali, pathologists with extensive experience in wild and zoo populations of nonhuman primates, which was followed by presentations of 20 unique case reports of rare or newly observed spontaneous lesions in nonhuman primates (see online files for access to digital whole-slide images corresponding to each case report at http://www.scanscope.com/ACVP%20Slide%20Seminars/2011/Primate%20Pathology/view.apml). The minisymposium was composed of 5 nonhuman-primate researchers (Drs Bradley, Cline, Sasseville, Miller, Hutto) who concentrated on background and spontaneous lesions in nonhuman primates used in drug safety studies. Cynomolgus and rhesus macaques were emphasized, with some material presented on common marmosets. Congenital, acquired, inflammatory, and neoplastic changes were highlighed with a focus on clinical, macroscopic, and histopathologic findings that could confound the interpretation of drug safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Sasseville
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Aristizabal-Arbelaez M, Mejía-Restrepo J, Montoya-Flórez M, Grandi F, Pedraza-Ordóñez F. Immunohistochemical and morphological features of a small bowel leiomyoma in a black crested macaque (Macaca nigra). BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:97. [PMID: 22747606 PMCID: PMC3488556 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spontaneous gastrointestinal neoplasms in non-human primates are commonly seen in aged individuals. Due to genetic similarities between human and non-human primates, scientists have shown increasing interest in terms of comparative oncology studies. Case presentation The present study is related to a case of an intestinal leiomyoma in a black crested macaque (Macaca nigra), kept on captivity by Matecaña Zoo, Pereira City, Colombia. The animal had abdominal distension, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and behavioral changes. Clinical examination showed an increased volume in the upper right abdominal quadrant caused by a neoplastic mass. The patient died during the surgical procedure. Necropsy revealed several small nodules in the peritoneum with adhesion to different portions of the small and large intestines, liver, stomach and diaphragm. Tissue samples were collected, routinely processed and stained by H&E. Microscopic examination revealed a mesenchymal tumor limited to tunica muscularis, resembling normal smooth muscle cells. Neoplastic cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, and negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 by immunohistochemistry. Those morphological and immunohistochemical findings allowed to diagnose the intestinal leiomyoma referred above. Conclusion Neoplastic diseases in primates have multifaceted causes. Their manifestations are understudied, leading to a greater difficulty in detection and measurement of the real impact provides by this disease.
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Gibson-Corley KN, Haynes JS. Disseminated T-cell lymphoma in a bonobo (Pan paniscus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 24:238-40. [PMID: 22362962 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711427175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated lymphoma was diagnosed in an 8-year-old male bonobo (Pan paniscus). The male bonobo presented with a 4-6 week history of dyspnea and facial swelling around the eyes; thoracic radiographs and computed tomography scan indicated a craniodorsal mediastinal soft tissue mass. Upon gross examination, there was a large, cream to white mass expanding the mediastinum and pericardial sac. The mass extended along the thoracic aorta and cranial vena cava, through the thoracic inlet, along and encircling the trachea, and bilaterally into the thyroid glands. Microscopically, neoplastic lymphocytes were present in the thymus, trachea, lungs, kidney, heart, and numerous other tissues. Immunohistochemical staining of neoplastic lymphocytes revealed diffuse immunoreactivity for cluster of differentiation (CD)3 indicating T-cell lymphoma. Routine viral screening was negative via polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Varki NM, Strobert E, Dick EJ, Benirschke K, Varki A. Biomedical differences between human and nonhuman hominids: potential roles for uniquely human aspects of sialic acid biology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2011; 6:365-93. [PMID: 21073341 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although humans are genetically very similar to the evolutionarily related nonhuman hominids (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans), comparative studies suggest a surprising number of uniquely human differences in the incidence and/or severity of biomedical conditions. Some differences are due to anatomical changes that occurred during human evolution. However, many cannot be explained either by these changes or by known environmental factors. Because chimpanzees were long considered models for human disease, it is important to be aware of these differences, which appear to have been deemphasized relative to similarities. We focus on the pathophysiology and pathobiology of biomedical conditions that appear unique to humans, including several speculative possibilities that require further study. We pay particular attention to the possible contributions of uniquely human changes in the biology of cell-surface sialic acids and the proteins that recognize them. We also discuss the metabolic incorporation of a diet-derived nonhuman sialic acid, which generates a novel xeno-autoantigen reaction, and chronic inflammation known as xenosialitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissi M Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0687, USA.
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Videan EN, Satterfield WC, Buchl S, Lammey ML. Diagnosis and prevalence of uterine leiomyomata in female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Am J Primatol 2011; 73:665-70. [PMID: 21442632 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomata are common, affecting 70-80% of women between 30 and 50 years of age. Leiomyomata have been reported for a variety of primate species, although prevalence rates and treatments have not been widely reported. The prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of uterine leiomyomata in the Alamogordo Primate Facility and the Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research were examined. Uterine leiomyomata were diagnosed in 28.4% of chimpanzees with an average age at diagnosis of 30.4 ± 8.0 years. Advanced age (>30 years) was related to an increase in leiomyomata and use of hormonal contraception was related to a decrease in leiomyomata. As the captive chimpanzee population ages, the incidence of leiomyomata among female chimpanzees will likely increase. The introduction of progesterone-based contraception for nonbreeding research and zoological chimpanzees may reduce the development of leiomyomata. Finally, all chimpanzee facilities should institute aggressive screening programs and carefully consider treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Videan
- Alamogordo Primate Facility, Holloman AFB, Alamogordo, New Mexico 88330, USA.
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Finch CE. Evolution in health and medicine Sackler colloquium: Evolution of the human lifespan and diseases of aging: roles of infection, inflammation, and nutrition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107 Suppl 1:1718-24. [PMID: 19966301 PMCID: PMC2868286 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0909606106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have evolved much longer lifespans than the great apes, which rarely exceed 50 years. Since 1800, lifespans have doubled again, largely due to improvements in environment, food, and medicine that minimized mortality at earlier ages. Infections cause most mortality in wild chimpanzees and in traditional forager-farmers with limited access to modern medicine. Although we know little of the diseases of aging under premodern conditions, in captivity, chimpanzees present a lower incidence of cancer, ischemic heart disease, and neurodegeneration than current human populations. These major differences in pathology of aging are discussed in terms of genes that mediate infection, inflammation, and nutrition. Apolipoprotein E alleles are proposed as a prototype of pleiotropic genes, which influence immune responses, arterial and Alzheimer's disease, and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb E. Finch
- Davis School of Gerontology and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
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