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Cristóbal-Perez EJ, Barrantes G, Cascante-Marín A, Hanson P, Picado B, Gamboa-Barrantes N, Rojas-Malavasi G, Zumbado MA, Madrigal-Brenes R, Martén-Rodríguez S, Quesada M, Fuchs EJ. Elevational and seasonal patterns of plant pollinator networks in two highland tropical ecosystems in Costa Rica. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295258. [PMID: 38206918 PMCID: PMC10783733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Many plant species in high montane ecosystems rely on animal pollination for sexual reproduction, however, our understanding of plant-pollinator interactions in tropical montane habitats is still limited. We compared species diversity and composition of blooming plants and floral visitors, and the structure of plant-floral visitor networks between the Montane Forest and Paramo ecosystems in Costa Rica. We also studied the influence of seasonality on species composition and interaction structure. Given the severe climatic conditions experienced by organisms in habitats above treeline, we expected lower plant and insect richness, as well as less specialized and smaller pollination networks in the Paramo than in Montane Forest where climatic conditions are milder and understory plants are better protected. Accordingly, we found that blooming plants and floral visitor species richness was higher in the Montane Forest than in the Paramo, and in both ecosystems species richness of blooming plants and floral visitors was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. Interaction networks in the Paramo were smaller and more nested, with lower levels of specialization and modularity than those in the Montane Forest, but there were no seasonal differences within either ecosystem. Beta diversity analyses indicate that differences between ecosystems are likely explained by species turnover, whereas within the Montane Forest differences between seasons are more likely explained by the rewiring of interactions. Results indicate that the decrease in species diversity with elevation affects network structure, increasing nestedness and reducing specialization and modularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jacob Cristóbal-Perez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
| | - Gilbert Barrantes
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alfredo Cascante-Marín
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Paul Hanson
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Beatriz Picado
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Nicole Gamboa-Barrantes
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Geovanna Rojas-Malavasi
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Manuel A. Zumbado
- Investigador Colaborador, Museo de Zoología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ruth Madrigal-Brenes
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Silvana Martén-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva de Plantas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores–Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
| | - Eric J. Fuchs
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, UNAM-UCR, México, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Russo L, Stout JC. Manipulating network connectance by altering plant attractiveness. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16319. [PMID: 38025756 PMCID: PMC10640842 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutualistic interactions between plants and their pollinating insects are critical to the maintenance of biodiversity. However, we have yet to demonstrate that we are able to manage the structural properties of these networks for the purposes of pollinator conservation and preserving functional outcomes, such as pollination services. Our objective was to explore the extent of our ability to experimentally increase, decrease, and maintain connectance, a structural attribute that reflects patterns of insect visitation and foraging preferences. Patterns of connectance relate to the stability and function of ecological networks. Methods We implemented a 2-year field experiment across eight sites in urban Dublin, Ireland, applying four agrochemical treatments to fixed communities of seven flowering plant species in a randomized block design. We spent ~117 h collecting 1,908 flower-visiting insects of 92 species or morphospecies with standardized sampling methods across the 2 years. We hypothesized that the fertilizer treatment would increase, herbicide decrease, and a combination of both maintain the connectance of the network, relative to a control treatment of just water. Results Our results showed that we were able to successfully increase network connectance with a fertilizer treatment, and maintain network connectance with a combination of fertilizer and herbicide. However, we were not successful in decreasing network connectance with the herbicide treatment. The increase in connectance in the fertilized treatment was due to an increased species richness of visiting insects, rather than changes to their abundance. We also demonstrated that this change was due to an increase in the realized proportion of insect visitor species rather than increased visitation by common, generalist species of floral visitors. Overall, this work suggests that connectance is an attribute of network structure that can be manipulated, with implications for management goals or conservation efforts in these mutualistic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Russo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jane C. Stout
- Department of Botany, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Lou Y, Wang R, Che P, Zhao C, Chen Y, Yang Y, Mu J. Nitrogen Addition Affects Interannual Variation in Seed Production in a Tibetan Perennial Herb. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1132. [PMID: 37627016 PMCID: PMC10452069 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The variability observed in the annual seed production of perennial plants can be seen as an indication of changes in the allocation of resources between growth and reproduction, which can be attributed to fluctuations in the environment. However, a significant knowledge gap exists concerning the impacts of nitrogen addition on the interannual seed production patterns of perennial plants. We hypothesized that the addition of nitrogen would impact the annual variations in the seed production of perennial plants, ultimately affecting their overall reproductive efficiency. A multiyear field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of varying nitrogen supply levels (e.g., 0, 4, and 8 kg N ha-1 yr-1 of N0, N4, and N8) on vegetative and floral traits, pollinator visitation rates, and seed traits over a period of four consecutive years. The results showed that the N0 treatment exhibited the highest levels of seed production and reproductive efficiency within the initial two years. In contrast, the N4 treatment displayed its highest level of performance in these metrics in the second and third years, whereas the N8 treatment showcased its most favorable outcomes in the third and fourth years. Similar patterns were found in the number of flowers per capitulum and the number of capitula per plant. There exists a positive correlation between aboveground biomass and several factors, including the number of flowers per capitulum, the number of capitula per plant, the volume of nectar per capitulum, and the seed production per plant. A positive correlation was found between pollinator visitation and the number of flowers per capitulum or the number of capitula per plant. This implies that the addition of N affected the maintenance of plant aboveground biomass, flower trait stability, pollinator visitation, and, subsequently, the frequency of seed production and reproductive efficiency. Our results suggest that augmenting the nitrogen content in the soil may have the capacity to modify the inherent variability in seed production that is observed across various years and enhance the effectiveness of reproductive processes. These findings have the potential to enhance our comprehension of the impact of nitrogen addition on the reproductive performance of perennial herbaceous plants and the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity in the context of global environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Lou
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China; (Y.L.); (R.W.); (P.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ruolan Wang
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China; (Y.L.); (R.W.); (P.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Peiyue Che
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China; (Y.L.); (R.W.); (P.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Yali Chen
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China; (Y.L.); (R.W.); (P.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yangheshan Yang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Junpeng Mu
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China; (Y.L.); (R.W.); (P.C.); (Y.C.)
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Wang LL, Ren F, Zhang C, Huang XJ, Zhang ZH, He JS, Yang YP, Duan YW. The effects of changes in flowering plant composition caused by nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment on plant-pollinator interactions in a Tibetan alpine grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964109. [PMID: 35958212 PMCID: PMC9358526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil eutrophication from atmospheric deposition and fertilization threatens biodiversity and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Increases in soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content can alter the biomass and structure of plant communities in grassland ecosystems; however, the impact of these changes on plant-pollinator interactions is not yet clear. In this study, we tested how changes in flowering plant diversity and composition due to N and P enrichment affected pollinator communities and pollination interactions. Our experiments, conducted in a Tibetan alpine grassland, included four fertilization treatments: N (10 g N m-2 year-1), P (5 g P m-2 year-1), a combination of N and P (N + P), and control. We found that changes in flowering plant composition and diversity under the N and P treatments did not alter the pollinator richness or abundance. The N and P treatments also had limited effects on the plant-pollinator interactions, including the interaction numbers, visit numbers, plant and pollinator species dissimilarity, plant-pollinator interaction dissimilarity, average number of pollinator species attracted by each plant species (vulnerability), and average number of plant species visited by each pollinator species (generality). However, the N + P treatment increased the species and interaction dissimilarity in flowering plant and pollinator communities and decreased the generality in plant-pollinator interactions. These data highlight that changes in flowering plants caused by N + P enrichment alter pollination interactions between flowering plants and pollinators. Owing to changes in flowering plant communities, the plant-pollinator interactions could be sensitive to the changing environment in alpine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Wang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Haibei Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- Department of Ecology, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ping Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-Wen Duan
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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5
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Bain JA, Dickson RG, Gruver AM, CaraDonna PJ. Removing flowers of a generalist plant changes pollinator visitation, composition, and interaction network structure. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Bain
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte Colorado USA
| | - Rachel G. Dickson
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte Colorado USA
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Andrea M. Gruver
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Paul J. CaraDonna
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte Colorado USA
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Richardson BA, Massatti R, Islam‐Faridi N, Johnson S, Kilkenny FF. Assessing population genomic structure and polyploidy: a crucial step for native plant restoration. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob Massatti
- Southwest Biological Center, US Geological Survey Flagstaff Arizona
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Akter A, Klečka J. Water stress and nitrogen supply affect floral traits and pollination of the white mustard, Sinapis alba (Brassicaceae). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13009. [PMID: 35462774 PMCID: PMC9022644 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in environmental conditions are likely to have a complex effect on the growth of plants, their phenology, plant-pollinator interactions, and reproductive success. The current world is facing an ongoing climate change along with other human-induced environmental changes. Most research has focused on the impact of increasing temperature as a major driving force for climate change, but other factors may have important impacts on plant traits and pollination too and these effects may vary from season to season. In addition, it is likely that the effects of multiple environmental factors, such as increasing temperature, water availability, and nitrogen enrichment are not independent. Therefore, we tested the impact of two key factors-water, and nitrogen supply-on plant traits, pollination, and seed production in Sinapis alba (Brassicaceae) in three seasons defined as three temperature conditions with two levels of water and nitrogen supply in a factorial design. We collected data on multiple vegetative and floral traits and assessed the response of pollinators in the field. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of growing conditions on seed set in plants exposed to pollinators and in hand-pollinated plants. Our results show that water stress impaired vegetative growth, decreased flower production, and reduced visitation by pollinators and seed set, while high amount of nitrogen increased nectar production under low water availability in plants grown in the spring. Temperature modulated the effect of water and nitrogen availability on vegetative and floral traits and strongly affected flowering phenology and flower production. We demonstrated that changes in water and nitrogen availability alter plant vegetative and floral traits, which impacts flower visitation and consequently plant reproduction. We conclude that ongoing environmental changes such as increasing temperature, altered precipitation regimes and nitrogen enrichment may thus affect plant-pollinator interactions with negative consequences for the reproduction of wild plants and insect-pollinated crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akter
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Klečka
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Carscadden KA, Doak DF, Emery NC. Climate Variation Influences Flowering Time Overlap in a Pair of Hybridizing Montane Plants. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2022. [DOI: 10.3398/064.082.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Carscadden
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1900 Pleasant St., Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Daniel F. Doak
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1900 Pleasant St., Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Nancy C. Emery
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1900 Pleasant St., Boulder, CO 80309
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Carvalheiro LG, Bartomeus I, Rollin O, Timóteo S, Tinoco CF. The role of soils on pollination and seed dispersal. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200171. [PMID: 34365822 PMCID: PMC8349634 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing environmental changes are affecting physical, chemical and biological soil components. Evidence of impacts of soil changes on pollinators' and seed dispersers' behaviour, fitness and density is scarce, but growing. Here, we reviewed information on such impacts and on a number of mechanisms that may explain its propagation, taking into account the full range of resources required by the large and diverse number of species of these two important functional groups. We show that while there is substantial evidence on the effects of soil nitrogen enrichment and changes in soil water content on the quality and quantity of floral and fruit resources, little is known on the effects of changes of other soil properties (e.g. soil pH, soil structure, other nutrients). Also, the few studies showing correlations between soil changes and pollinator and seed disperser foraging behaviour or fitness do not clearly identify the mechanisms that explain such correlation. Finally, most studies (including those with nitrogen and water) are local and limited to a small number of species, and it remains unclear how variable such effects are across time and geographical regions, and the strength of interactive effects between soil properties. Increasing research on this topic, taking into consideration how impacts propagate through species interaction networks, will provide essential information to predict impacts of ongoing environmental changes and help guide conservation plans that aim to minimize impacts on ecosystem functioning. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa G. Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Brasil
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Orianne Rollin
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Timóteo
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Faleiro Tinoco
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Brasil
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From the ground up: Building predictions for how climate change will affect belowground mutualisms, floral traits, and bee behavior. CLIMATE CHANGE ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Bodó A, Farkas Á, Nagy DU, Rudolf K, Hoffmann R, Kocsis M, Morschhauser T. Soil Humus, Iron, Sulphate and Magnesium Content Affect Nectar Traits of Wild Garlic ( Allium ursinum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10030597. [PMID: 33810174 PMCID: PMC8004594 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that from various ecological factors influencing nectar yield and quality of a plant, soil properties can be as important as microclimatic features. To date, few studies have investigated the relationship of soil characters to nectar traits of bee pollinated plants growing in natural associations. Our study intended to reveal which soil properties had the most powerful impact on nectar variables of wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.). Specimens were collected from fourteen habitats in two different years, and were potted in their original soil under the same climatic conditions. Nectar volumes and sugar concentrations were measured and soil samples were analysed for fourteen parameters. Statistical analyses revealed that the number of nectar producing Allium flowers, as well as the nectar volume and sugar content of nectar in individual flowers were influenced by both year and habitat. The humus, iron and sulphate content of soil showed negative correlation with the number of flowers producing nectar; total nectar volumes were negatively correlated with humus and iron content, but positively affected by magnesium content of the soil. Our results suggest that in addition to the effect of microclimatic factors, certain soil properties can have significant impact on nectar traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bodó
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.B.); (D.U.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Ágnes Farkas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Dávid U. Nagy
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.B.); (D.U.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Kinga Rudolf
- Institute of Plant Production Science, Campus of Szent István, University of MATE, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (K.R.); (R.H.)
| | - Richárd Hoffmann
- Institute of Plant Production Science, Campus of Szent István, University of MATE, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (K.R.); (R.H.)
| | - Marianna Kocsis
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.B.); (D.U.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Tamás Morschhauser
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.B.); (D.U.N.); (T.M.)
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12
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Plant-pollinator networks in Australian urban bushland remnants are not structurally equivalent to those in residential gardens. Urban Ecosyst 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Villa-Galaviz E, Smart SM, Clare EL, Ward SE, Memmott J. Differential effects of fertilisers on pollination and parasitoid interaction networks. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:404-414. [PMID: 33067860 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Grassland fertilisation drives non-random plant loss resulting in areas dominated by perennial grass species. How these changes cascade through linked trophic levels, however, is not well understood. We studied how grassland fertilisation propagates change through the plant assemblage into the plant-flower-visitor, plant-leaf miner and leaf miner-parasitoid networks using a year's data collection from a long-term grassland fertiliser application experiment. Our experiment had three fertiliser treatments each applied to replicate plots 15 m2 in size: mineral fertiliser, farmyard manure, and mineral fertiliser and farmyard manure combined, along with a control of no fertiliser. The combined treatment had the most significant impact, and both plant species richness and floral abundance decreased with the addition of fertiliser. While insect species richness was unaffected by fertiliser treatment, fertilised plots had a significantly higher abundance of leaf miners and parasitoids and a significantly lower abundance of bumblebees. The plant-flower-visitor and plant-herbivore networks showed higher values of vulnerability and lower modularity with fertiliser addition, while leaf miner-parasitoid networks showed a rise in generality. The different groups of insects were impacted by fertilisers to varying degrees: while the effect on abundance was the highest for leaf miners, the vulnerability and modularity of flower-visitor networks was the most affected. The impact on the abundance of leaf miners was positive and three times higher than the impact on parasitoids, and the impact on bumblebee abundance was negative and double the magnitude of impact on flower abundance. Overall, our results show that while insect species richness was unaffected by fertilisers, network structure changed significantly as the replacement of forbs by grasses resulted in changes in relative abundance across trophic levels, with the direction of change depending on the type of network. Synthesis. By studying multiple networks simultaneously, we were able to rank the relative impact of habitat change on the different groups of species within the community. This provided a more holistic picture of the impact of agricultural intensification and provides useful information when deciding on priorities for mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth L Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Susan E Ward
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, UK
| | - Jane Memmott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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14
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Wilson Rankin EE, Barney SK, Lozano GE. Reduced Water Negatively Impacts Social Bee Survival and Productivity Via Shifts in Floral Nutrition. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5918281. [PMID: 33021636 PMCID: PMC7583269 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators provide a key ecosystem service vital for the survival and stability of the biosphere. Identifying factors influencing the plant-pollinator mutualism and pollinator management is necessary for maintaining a healthy ecosystem. Since healthy beehives require substantial amounts of carbohydrates (nectar) and protein (pollen) from forage plants such as clover, we must assess how resources offered by plants change under limited water conditions in order to fully understand how drought modifies the pollination mutualism. Here we document how reduced water availability leads to decreased nectar quality and quantity and decreased protein quality of pollen. Furthermore, we provide conclusive evidence that these lower quality resources lead to decreased survival and productivity in both developing honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). The results emphasize the importance of the nutritional effects of reduced water on bees when predicting shifts of pollination mutualisms under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah K Barney
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Giselle E Lozano
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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15
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Johnson B, Standish R, Hobbs R. Non-native plants and nitrogen addition have little effect on pollination and seed set in 3-year-old restored woodland. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Western Australia; c/o ERIE M090, 35 Stirling Highway Perth Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Rachel Standish
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Richard Hobbs
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Western Australia; c/o ERIE M090, 35 Stirling Highway Perth Western Australia 6009 Australia
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16
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Zografou K, Swartz MT, Tilden VP, McKinney EN, Eckenrode JA, Sewall BJ. Stable generalist species anchor a dynamic pollination network. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Zografou
- Department of Biology Temple University 1900 North 12th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania19122USA
| | - Mark T. Swartz
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans AffairsFort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center Annville Pennsylvania17003USA
| | - Virginia P. Tilden
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans AffairsFort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center Annville Pennsylvania17003USA
| | - Erika N. McKinney
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans AffairsFort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center Annville Pennsylvania17003USA
| | - Julie A. Eckenrode
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans AffairsFort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center Annville Pennsylvania17003USA
| | - Brent J. Sewall
- Department of Biology Temple University 1900 North 12th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania19122USA
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17
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Chávez-González E, Vizentin-Bugoni J, Vázquez DP, MacGregor-Fors I, Dáttilo W, Ortiz-Pulido R. Drivers of the structure of plant-hummingbird interaction networks at multiple temporal scales. Oecologia 2020; 193:913-924. [PMID: 32772157 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In semi-arid environments, the marked contrast in temperature and precipitation over the year strongly shapes ecological communities. The composition of species and their ecological interactions within a community may vary greatly over time. Although intra-annual variations are often studied, empirical information on how plant-bird relationships are structured within and among years, and how their drivers may change over time are still limited. In this study, we analyzed the temporal dynamics of the structure of plant-hummingbird interaction networks by evaluating changes in species richness, diversity of interactions, modularity, network specialization, nestedness, and β-diversity of interactions throughout four years in a Mexican xeric shrubland landscape. We also evaluated if the relative importance of abundance, phenology, morphology, and nectar sugar content consistently explains the frequency of pairwise interactions between plants and hummingbirds across different years. We found that species richness, diversity of interactions, nestedness, and network specialization did vary within and among years. We also observed that the β-diversity of interactions was high among years and was mostly associated with species turnover (i.e., changes in species composition), with a minor contribution of interaction rewiring (i.e., shifting partner species at different times). Finally, the temporal co-occurrence of hummingbird and plant species among months was the best predictor of the frequency of pairwise interactions, and this pattern was consistent within and among years. Our study underscores the importance of considering the temporal scale to understand how changes in species phenologies, and the resulting temporal co-occurrences influence the structure of interaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Chávez-González
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas E Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Diego P Vázquez
- Argentine Institute for Dryland Research, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ian MacGregor-Fors
- Red de Ambiente Y Sustentabilidad, Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Ortiz-Pulido
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas E Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
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18
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Redundancy in wildflower strip species helps support spatiotemporal variation in wild bee communities on diversified farms. Basic Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Brosi BJ, Niezgoda K, Briggs HM. Experimental species removals impact the architecture of pollination networks. Biol Lett 2017. [PMID: 28637838 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic networks are key for the creation and maintenance of biodiversity, yet are threatened by global environmental change. Most simulation models assume that network structure remains static after species losses, despite theoretical and empirical reasons to expect dynamic responses. We assessed the effects of experimental single bumblebee species removals on the structure of entire flower visitation networks. We hypothesized that network structure would change following processes linking interspecific competition with dietary niche breadth. We found that single pollinator species losses impact pollination network structure: resource complementarity decreased, while resource overlap increased. Despite marginally increased connectance, fewer plant species were visited after species removals. These changes may have negative functional impacts, as complementarity is important for maintaining biodiversity-ecological functioning relationships and visitation of rare plant species is critical for maintaining diverse plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berry J Brosi
- Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA .,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
| | - Kyle Niezgoda
- Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
| | - Heather M Briggs
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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20
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Tylianakis JM, Morris RJ. Ecological Networks Across Environmental Gradients. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Tylianakis
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Morris
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
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21
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Urbanowicz C, Virginia RA, Irwin RE. The response of pollen-transport networks to landscape-scale climate variation. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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CaraDonna PJ, Petry WK, Brennan RM, Cunningham JL, Bronstein JL, Waser NM, Sanders NJ. Interaction rewiring and the rapid turnover of plant-pollinator networks. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:385-394. [PMID: 28156041 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Whether species interactions are static or change over time has wide-reaching ecological and evolutionary consequences. However, species interaction networks are typically constructed from temporally aggregated interaction data, thereby implicitly assuming that interactions are fixed. This approach has advanced our understanding of communities, but it obscures the timescale at which interactions form (or dissolve) and the drivers and consequences of such dynamics. We address this knowledge gap by quantifying the within-season turnover of plant-pollinator interactions from weekly censuses across 3 years in a subalpine ecosystem. Week-to-week turnover of interactions (1) was high, (2) followed a consistent seasonal progression in all years of study and (3) was dominated by interaction rewiring (the reassembly of interactions among species). Simulation models revealed that species' phenologies and relative abundances constrained both total interaction turnover and rewiring. Our findings reveal the diversity of species interactions that may be missed when the temporal dynamics of networks are ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J CaraDonna
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA.,Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution & Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, 60622, USA
| | - William K Petry
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA.,Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ross M Brennan
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA.,Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - James L Cunningham
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA.,Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Judith L Bronstein
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Nickolas M Waser
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
| | - Nathan J Sanders
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution & Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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23
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Trøjelsgaard K, Olesen JM. Ecological networks in motion: micro‐ and macroscopic variability across scales. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Trøjelsgaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H Aalborg East9220 Denmark
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 116 Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
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24
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Santamaría S, Galeano J, Pastor JM, Méndez M. Removing interactions, rather than species, casts doubt on the high robustness of pollination networks. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Santamaría
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Univ. Rey Juan Carlos; c/Tulipán s/n. ES-28933 Móstoles Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Galeano
- Complex System Group, Technical Univ. of Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n ES-28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pastor
- Complex System Group, Technical Univ. of Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n ES-28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Marcos Méndez
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Univ. Rey Juan Carlos; c/Tulipán s/n. ES-28933 Móstoles Madrid Spain
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25
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Epps MJ, Allison SE, Wolfe LM. Reproduction in Flame Azalea (Rhododendron calendulaceum, Ericaceae): A Rare Case of Insect Wing Pollination. Am Nat 2015; 186:294-301. [PMID: 26655157 DOI: 10.1086/682006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Although many angiosperms are serviced by flying pollinators, reports of wings as pollen vectors are rare. Flame azalea (Rhododendron calendulaceum) is visited by diverse insects, yet previous observations suggested that only butterfly wings may transfer pollen to stigmas. We used an experimental approach to determine whether butterfly wings are the primary vehicle of pollination in flame azalea. Over two seasons of observations, only butterflies (Papilio glaucus and Speyeria cybele) contacted both anthers and stigmas, yet because of differences in wing-flapping behavior, P. glaucus transferred pollen most efficiently. In contrast, bee species specialized either on pollen or nectar but did not contact both anthers and stigmas. A field experiment revealed that flowers excluding butterflies experienced almost complete fruit failure, whereas fruit set in open flowers did not differ from those that were hand pollinated. Additionally, butterflies had 56-fold more azalea pollen on their wings than bodies, while azalea stigmas bore both pollen and wing scales. These results suggest that plants with many visitors contacting reproductive organs may still specialize on a single guild of visitors for pollination and that wing-borne pollen transfer is a key mode of flame azalea pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Epps
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Department of Biology, Mary Baldwin College, Staunton, Virginia 24402
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26
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Cockle KL, Martin K. Temporal dynamics of a commensal network of cavity-nesting vertebrates: increased diversity during an insect outbreak. Ecology 2015; 96:1093-104. [PMID: 26230029 DOI: 10.1890/14-1256.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Decadal trends in the pollinator assemblage of Eucryphia cordifolia in Chilean rainforests. Oecologia 2014; 176:157-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Lisboa FJG, Peres-Neto PR, Chaer GM, Jesus EDC, Mitchell RJ, Chapman SJ, Berbara RLL. Much beyond Mantel: bringing Procrustes association metric to the plant and soil ecologist's toolbox. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101238. [PMID: 24971901 PMCID: PMC4074130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation of multivariate data is a common task in investigations of soil biology and in ecology in general. Procrustes analysis and the Mantel test are two approaches that often meet this objective and are considered analogous in many situations especially when used as a statistical test to assess the statistical significance between multivariate data tables. Here we call the attention of ecologists to the advantages of a less familiar application of the Procrustean framework, namely the Procrustean association metric (a vector of Procrustean residuals). These residuals represent differences in fit between multivariate data tables regarding homologous observations (e.g., sampling sites) that can be used to estimate local levels of association (e.g., some groups of sites are more similar in their association between biotic and environmental features than other groups of sites). Given that in the Mantel framework, multivariate information is translated into a pairwise distance matrix, we lose the ability to contrast homologous data points across dimensions and data matrices after their fit. In this paper, we attempt to familiarize ecologists with the benefits of using these Procrustean residual differences to further gain insights about the processes underlying the association among multivariate data tables using real and hypothetical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francy Junio Gonçalves Lisboa
- Soil Science Department, Agronomy Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica-RJ, Brazil
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro R. Peres-Neto
- Canada Research Chair in Spatial Modelling and Biodiversity; Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Ruth Joy Mitchell
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ricardo Luis Louro Berbara
- Soil Science Department, Agronomy Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica-RJ, Brazil
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29
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The winners and losers of land use intensification: pollinator community disassembly is non-random and alters functional diversity. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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30
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Makoto K, Kajimoto T, Koyama L, Kudo G, Shibata H, Yanai Y, Cornelissen JHC. Winter climate change in plant–soil systems: summary of recent findings and future perspectives. Ecol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-013-1115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Burkle LA, Souza L, Genung MA, Crutsinger GM. Plant genotype, nutrients, and G × E interactions structure floral visitor communities. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00039.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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32
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Iler AM, Inouye DW, Høye TT, Miller-Rushing AJ, Burkle LA, Johnston EB. Maintenance of temporal synchrony between syrphid flies and floral resources despite differential phenological responses to climate. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:2348-2359. [PMID: 23640772 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Variation in species' responses to abiotic phenological cues under climate change may cause changes in temporal overlap among interacting taxa, with potential demographic consequences. Here, we examine associations between the abiotic environment and plant-pollinator phenological synchrony using a long-term syrphid fly-flowering phenology dataset (1992-2011). Degree-days above freezing, precipitation, and timing of snow melt were investigated as predictors of phenology. Syrphids generally emerge after flowering onset and end their activity before the end of flowering. Neither flowering nor syrphid phenology has changed significantly over our 20-year record, consistent with a lack of directional change in climate variables over the same time frame. Instead we document interannual variability in the abiotic environment and phenology. Timing of snow melt was the best predictor of flowering onset and syrphid emergence. Snow melt and degree-days were the best predictors of the end of flowering, whereas degree-days and precipitation best predicted the end of the syrphid period. Flowering advanced at a faster rate than syrphids in response to both advancing snow melt and increasing temperature. Different rates of phenological advancements resulted in more days of temporal overlap between the flower-syrphid community in years of early snow melt because of extended activity periods. Phenological synchrony at the community level is therefore likely to be maintained for some time, even under advancing snow melt conditions that are evident over longer term records at our site. These results show that interacting taxa may respond to different phenological cues and to the same cues at different rates but still maintain phenological synchrony over a range of abiotic conditions. However, our results also indicate that some individual plant species may overlap with the syrphid community for fewer days under continued climate change. This highlights the role of interannual variation in these flower-syrphid interactions and shows that species-level responses can differ from community-level responses in nonintuitive ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Iler
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4415, USA.
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33
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Geib JC, Galen C. Tracing impacts of partner abundance in facultative pollination mutualisms: from individuals to populations. Ecology 2012; 93:1581-92. [DOI: 10.1890/11-1271.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Fang Q, Huang SQ. Relative stability of core groups in pollination networks in a biodiversity hotspot over four years. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32663. [PMID: 22412902 PMCID: PMC3297609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and their pollinators form pollination networks integral to the evolution and persistence of species in communities. Previous studies suggest that pollination network structure remains nested while network composition is highly dynamic. However, little is known about temporal variation in the structure and function of plant-pollinator networks, especially in species-rich communities where the strength of pollinator competition is predicted to be high. Here we quantify temporal variation of pollination networks over four consecutive years in an alpine meadow in the Hengduan Mountains biodiversity hotspot in China. We found that ranked positions and idiosyncratic temperatures of both plants and pollinators were more conservative between consecutive years than in non-consecutive years. Although network compositions exhibited high turnover, generalized core groups--decomposed by a k-core algorithm--were much more stable than peripheral groups. Given the high rate of turnover observed, we suggest that identical plants and pollinators that persist for at least two successive years sustain pollination services at the community level. Our data do not support theoretical predictions of a high proportion of specialized links within species-rich communities. Plants were relatively specialized, exhibiting less variability in pollinator composition at pollinator functional group level than at the species level. Both specialized and generalized plants experienced narrow variation in functional pollinator groups. The dynamic nature of pollination networks in the alpine meadow demonstrates the potential for networks to mitigate the effects of fluctuations in species composition in a high biodiversity area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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35
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Hoover SER, Ladley JJ, Shchepetkina AA, Tisch M, Gieseg SP, Tylianakis JM. Warming, CO2, and nitrogen deposition interactively affect a plant-pollinator mutualism. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:227-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Land use intensity in grasslands: Changes in biodiversity, species composition and specialisation in flower visitor networks. Basic Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Effect of Stipa tenacissima L. on the structure of plant co-occurrence networks in a semi-arid community. Ecol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-011-0818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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