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Augusto MG, da Silva LFO, Lotto G, Santos TMDA, Aoki IV, Torres CRG, Scaramucci T, Borges AB. Effect of combining aminomethacrylate and fluoride against erosive and abrasive challenges on enamel and dentin. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e13015. [PMID: 39210526 DOI: 10.1111/eos.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of solutions containing aminomethacrylate copolymer (AA) and sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F-) or fluoride plus stannous chloride (FSn; 225 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2+) against enamel and dentin erosion/abrasion. Solutions F, FSn, AA, F+AA, FSn+AA, and deionized water as negative control were tested. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens (n = 13/solution/substrate) underwent a set of erosion-abrasion cycles (0.3% citric acid [5 min, 4×/day], human saliva [1 h, 4×/day], brushing [15 s, 2×/day], and treatments [2 min, 2×/day]) for each of five days. Initial enamel erosion was evaluated using Knoop microhardness after the first and second acid challenge on day 1, and surface loss with profilometry after day 5. KOH-soluble fluoride was assessed. Data were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey tests. The combination of fluoride and AA resulted in higher protection against enamel erosion, whereas this was not the case for the combination of AA and FSn. All treatments protected against enamel and dentin loss. The lowest surface loss values were observed with F+AA and FSn+AA. The polymer did not significantly influence the KOH-soluble fluoride formation on enamel/dentin specimens. The aminomethacrylate copolymer effectively enhanced the efficacy of sodium fluoride against initial erosion and improved the control of enamel and dentin wear of F and FSn solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gullo Augusto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário de Cascavel - UNIVEL, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Lotto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamires Maria de Andrade Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Memarpour M, Jafari S, Rafiee A, Alizadeh M, Vossoughi M. Protective effect of various toothpastes and mouthwashes against erosive and abrasive challenge on eroded dentin: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9387. [PMID: 38653765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to compare various toothpastes and mouthwashes on permanent tooth dentin after erosive and abrasive challenges. 130 sound premolars dentin were randomly submitted to an initial erosive challenge and a cycle of erosive and abrasive challenges for five days. The five experimental groups (n = 26) were: (1) Control group (artificial saliva), (2) Elmex erosion protection toothpaste and mouthwash, (3) Vitis anticaries biorepair toothpaste and mouthwash, (4) Oral B Pro-expert toothpaste and Oral B Fluorinse mouthwash, and (5) MI Paste ONE toothpaste and Caphosol mouthwash. Microhardness, surface roughness values, and the topographical characteristics of the dentin surface were assessed. The highest percentage of recovered dentin microhardness (%RDMH) value was observed in groups 2 and 4, followed by groups 5 and 3, respectively. The %RDMH values in groups 2 and 4 did not demonstrate a significant difference (p = 0.855). The highest percentage of improvement in surface roughness was recorded in groups 2 and 4, with no significant differences (p = 0.989). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) findings were consistent with the surface roughness data. The best recovery of dentin microhardness and roughness were measured with the Elmex and Oral B toothpaste and mouthwash, followed by MI Paste ONE toothpaste and Caphosol mouthwash and Vitis anticaries biorepair toothpaste and mouthwash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Memarpour
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saba Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azade Rafiee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Alizadeh
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Vossoughi
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychological Health Research Institute (PHPRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Schestakow A, Rasputnis W, Hannig M. Effect of Polyphenols on the Ultrastructure of the Dentin Pellicle and Subsequent Erosion. Caries Res 2024; 58:77-85. [PMID: 38198764 PMCID: PMC10997275 DOI: 10.1159/000536199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erosive tooth wear is a highly prevalent dental condition that is modified by the ever-present salivary pellicle. The aim of the present in situ study was to investigate the effect of polyphenols on the ultrastructure of the pellicle formed on dentin in situ and a subsequent erosive challenge. METHODS The pellicle was formed on bovine dentin specimens for 3 min or 2 h in 3 subjects. After subjects rinsed with sterile water (negative control), 1% tannic acid, 1% hop extract, or tin/fluoride solution containing 800 ppm tin and 500 ppm fluoride (positive control), specimens were removed from the oral cavity. The erosive challenge was performed on half of the specimens with 1% citric acid, and all specimens were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Incorporation of tannic acid in the pellicle was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. RESULTS Compared to the negative control, ultrastructural analyses reveal a thicker and electron-denser pellicle after application of polyphenols, in which, according to spectroscopy, tannic acid is also incorporated. Application of citric acid resulted in demineralization of dentin, but to a lesser degree when the pellicle was pretreated with a tin/fluoride solution. The pellicle was more acid-resistant than the negative control when modified with polyphenols or tin/fluoride solution. CONCLUSION Polyphenols can have a substantial impact on the ultrastructure and acid resistance of the dentin pellicle, while the tin/fluoride solution showed explicit protection against erosive demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Schestakow
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wadim Rasputnis
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Vertuan M, da Silva JF, de Souza BM, Braga AS, Magalhães AC. Effect of an experimental TiF 4/NaF solution in preventing tooth erosion. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 157:105823. [PMID: 37890417 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled in vivo study investigating the protective potential of a titanium tetrafluoride/ sodium fluoride (TiF4/NaF) solution compared to its respective positive and negative controls under an in vivo model, as well as the perception of participants regarding the use of this experimental solution. METHODS After the ethics approval and the selection procedures, 33 participants were divided into three treatments: TiF4/NaF solution (500 ppm F, pH 4.4); AmF/NaF/SnCl2-mouthwash (500 ppm F, pH 4.5) and water (pH 7.0) (n = 11). After professional cleaning, the participants rinsed with one of the solutions for one minute and waited two hours for the erosive challenge. The erosive solution (1 % citric acid, pH 2.5) was applied for 10 s on each central incisor (enamel area: 4 mm2) and collected for calcium analysis using III Arsenazo colorimetric method. The Ca2+ release data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis/ Dunn tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Teeth treated with both fluoride solutions released less calcium into the acid (median and interquartile interval: TiF4/NaF - 0.45/0.19 mM and AmF/NaF/SnCl2 - 0.46/0.15 mM Ca2+, p = 0.99) compared to the negative control (1.12/0.42 mM Ca2+, 60 % reduction, p < 0.0006). For both F solutions, only one participant per group reported unpleasant taste. Four participants belonging to AmF/NaF/SnCl2-mouthwash reported burning sensation post-rinse, while only one participant described such feeling after TiF4/NaF rinsing. CONCLUSION The experimental TiF4/NaF solution was as effective as the commercial AmF/NaF/SnCl2-mouthwash in protecting enamel against erosive demineralization with a good acceptability by the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Vertuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia França da Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Martines de Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Braga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Huang Y, Liu Y, Pandey NK, Shah S, Simon-Soro A, Hsu JC, Ren Z, Xiang Z, Kim D, Ito T, Oh MJ, Buckley C, Alawi F, Li Y, Smeets PJM, Boyer S, Zhao X, Joester D, Zero DT, Cormode DP, Koo H. Iron oxide nanozymes stabilize stannous fluoride for targeted biofilm killing and synergistic oral disease prevention. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6087. [PMID: 37773239 PMCID: PMC10541875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is the most common human disease caused by oral biofilms despite the widespread use of fluoride as the primary anticaries agent. Recently, an FDA-approved iron oxide nanoparticle (ferumoxytol, Fer) has shown to kill and degrade caries-causing biofilms through catalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide. However, Fer cannot interfere with enamel acid demineralization. Here, we show notable synergy when Fer is combined with stannous fluoride (SnF2), markedly inhibiting both biofilm accumulation and enamel damage more effectively than either alone. Unexpectedly, we discover that the stability of SnF2 is enhanced when mixed with Fer in aqueous solutions while increasing catalytic activity of Fer without any additives. Notably, Fer in combination with SnF2 is exceptionally effective in controlling dental caries in vivo, even at four times lower concentrations, without adverse effects on host tissues or oral microbiome. Our results reveal a potent therapeutic synergism using approved agents while providing facile SnF2 stabilization, to prevent a widespread oral disease with reduced fluoride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nil Kanatha Pandey
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shrey Shah
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aurea Simon-Soro
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jessica C Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Ren
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhenting Xiang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tatsuro Ito
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Min Jun Oh
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine Buckley
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health and Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul J M Smeets
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Boyer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Derk Joester
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Domenick T Zero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health and Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Chalkidis J, Barke S, Rohland B, Schmidt A, Kanzow P, Wiegand A. In vitro study on the preventive effect of children's toothpastes on erosive tooth wear of primary bovine enamel and dentin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10884. [PMID: 37407760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to analyse the effect of various children's toothpastes on erosive tooth wear of primary bovine enamel and dentin. Enamel and dentin specimens (n = 12) were cyclically eroded (6 × 60 s/d, citric acid, pH 2.4) and brushed (2 × 15 s/d, 2 N) over 5 days. Nine fluoride toothpastes (500 to 1450 ppm) and eight toothpastes containing no fluoride or other active ingredients (hydroxyapatite and/or xylitol) were tested. Unbrushed specimens served as control. Tissue loss was quantified using widefield confocal microscopy and statistically analysed using two-way and one-way ANOVAs followed by Scheffe's (enamel) or Tamhane's (dentin) post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). Only one fluoride toothpaste (1400 ppm) was able to reduce erosive wear of enamel significantly by 15% compared to the control (padj. = 0.002). All fluoridated toothpastes reduced dentin surface loss significantly by 32 to 69% compared to the control (padj. ≤ 0.001), while fluoride-free toothpastes were unable to reduce dentin loss significantly (padj. ≥ 0.971). Most fluoridated toothpastes caused less erosive wear compared to fluoride-free toothpastes. Children toothpastes containing fluoride were more effective in reducing erosive wear compared to toothpastes containing no fluoride or other active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chalkidis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Barke
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Rohland
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schmidt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kanzow
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Niemeyer SH, Baumann T, Lussi A, Scaramucci T, Carvalho TS. Plant extracts have dual mechanism on the protection against dentine erosion: action on the dentine substrate and modification of the salivary pellicle. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7089. [PMID: 37130893 PMCID: PMC10154312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of some polyphenol-rich plant extracts on the protection of dentine against demineralization, both acting on the dentine and on the salivary pellicle. Dentine specimens (n = 180) were randomly distributed into 6 experimental groups (n = 30/group): Control (deionized water), Açaí extract, Blueberry extract, Green tea extract, Grape seed extract, and Sn2+/F- (mouthrinse containing stannous and fluoride). Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 15), according to the site of action of the substance: on the dentine surface (D) or on the salivary pellicle (P). The specimens were submitted to 10 cycles: 30 min incubation in human saliva (P) or only in humid chamber (D), 2 min immersion in experimental substances, 60 min of incubation in saliva (P) or not (D), and 1 min erosive challenge. Dentine surface loss (DSL), amount of degraded collagen (dColl) and total calcium release were analyzed. Green tea, Grape seed and Sn2+/F- showed significant protection, with least DSL and dColl. The Sn2+/F- showed better protection on D than on P, whereas Green tea and Grape seed showed a dual mode of action, with good results on D, and even better on P. Sn2+/F- showed the lowest values of calcium release, not differing only from Grape seed. Sn2+/F- is more effective when acting directly on the dentine surface, while Green tea and Grape seed have a dual mode of action: with a positive effect on the dentine surface itself, but an improved efficacy in the presence of the salivary pellicle. We further elucidate the mechanism of action of different active ingredients on dentine erosion, where Sn2+/F- acts better on the dentine surface, but plant extracts have a dual mode of action, acting on the dentine itself as well as on the salivary pellicle, improving the protection against acid demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Huang Y, Liu Y, Pandey N, Shah S, Simon-Soro A, Hsu J, Ren Z, Xiang Z, Kim D, Ito T, Oh MJ, Buckley C, Alawi F, Li Y, Smeets P, Boyer S, Zhao X, Joester D, Zero D, Cormode D, Koo H. Iron oxide nanozymes stabilize stannous fluoride for targeted biofilm killing and synergistic oral disease prevention. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2723097. [PMID: 37066293 PMCID: PMC10104273 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2723097/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries (tooth decay) is the most prevalent human disease caused by oral biofilms, affecting nearly half of the global population despite increased use of fluoride, the mainstay anticaries (tooth-enamel protective) agent. Recently, an FDA-approved iron oxide nanozyme formulation (ferumoxytol, Fer) has been shown to disrupt caries-causing biofilms with high specificity via catalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide, but it is incapable of interfering with enamel acid demineralization. Here, we find notable synergy when Fer is combined with stannous fluoride (SnF 2 ), markedly inhibiting both biofilm accumulation and enamel damage more effectively than either alone. Unexpectedly, our data show that SnF 2 enhances the catalytic activity of Fer, significantly increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antibiofilm activity. We discover that the stability of SnF 2 (unstable in water) is markedly enhanced when mixed with Fer in aqueous solutions without any additives. Further analyses reveal that Sn 2+ is bound by carboxylate groups in the carboxymethyl-dextran coating of Fer, thus stabilizing SnF 2 and boosting the catalytic activity. Notably, Fer in combination with SnF 2 is exceptionally effective in controlling dental caries in vivo , preventing enamel demineralization and cavitation altogether without adverse effects on the host tissues or causing changes in the oral microbiome diversity. The efficacy of SnF 2 is also enhanced when combined with Fer, showing comparable therapeutic effects at four times lower fluoride concentration. Enamel ultrastructure examination shows that fluoride, iron, and tin are detected in the outer layers of the enamel forming a polyion-rich film, indicating co-delivery onto the tooth surface. Overall, our results reveal a unique therapeutic synergism using approved agents that target complementary biological and physicochemical traits, while providing facile SnF 2 stabilization, to prevent a widespread oral disease more effectively with reduced fluoride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatsuro Ito
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Domenick Zero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
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Iovan A, Benchea M, Stoleriu S, Tărăboanță I, Cimpoeșu N, Nica I, Andrian S. Effects of Acidic Challenge on Demineralized Root Surface Treated with Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030530. [PMID: 36766635 PMCID: PMC9914569 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess the protective effect of applying potassium iodide (KI) over silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on demineralized root dentin in the case of a sustained acidogenic attack. METHODS Forty caries-free third molars were used in the study. A diamond disc was used to separate the roots and the tooth crowns from the roots. Each root fragment was randomly distributed in one of the four study groups: C-samples were not demineralized; DD-demineralized samples; RS1-demineralized samples covered with SDF+KI (RS-Riva Star product, SDI limited, Bayswater, Australia); RS2-demineralized samples covered with SDF+KI and submersed to another acidic challenge for 3 days. SEM and EDX were used for the morphological and elemental analysis. Vickers hardness assessment was performed using a tribometer CETR UMT-2 (Bruker Corporation, Berlin, Germany). One-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests were used for the statistical analysis with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS Morphological and elemental changes were observed on the surface of the study samples. Significant differences were observed between the recorded hardness values of groups C and DD (p = 0.005), C and RS2 (p = 0.002), DD and RS1 (p = 0.011); RS1 and RS2 (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The application of SDF and KI (Riva Star product) on root dentin caries resulted in the formation of a heterogeneous outer layer that sealed the dentin and increased the microhardness of the treated surface. In the conditions of the present study, this layer did not provide enough protection for root dentin exposed to continuous attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Iovan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Marcelin Benchea
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, “Gh. Asachi” Technical University, 67 Dimitrie Mangeron Str., 700050 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Stoleriu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Ionuț Tărăboanță
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Nicanor Cimpoeșu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, “Gh. Asachi” Technical University, 67 Dimitrie Mangeron Str., 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Irina Nica
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Sorin Andrian
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iași, Romania
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10
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Carvalho TS, Pham K, Rios D, Niemeyer S, Baumann T. Synergistic effect between plant extracts and fluoride to protect against enamel erosion: An in vitro study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277552. [PMID: 36383626 PMCID: PMC9668169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol-rich solutions, such as plant extracts and teas, can modify the salivary pellicle and improve the protection against dental erosion. In this study, we further explored how these polyphenol-rich plant extracts solutions behave in the presence of fluoride. We distributed enamel specimens into 9 groups (n = 15): Control_No_F- (Deionized water); Control_F- (500 ppm F-), Grape_Seed_No_F- (Grape seed extract), Grape_Seed_F- (Grape seed extract + 500 ppm F-), Grapefruit_Seed_No_F- (Grapefruit seed extract), Grapefruit_Seed_F- (Grapefruit seed extract + 500 ppm F-), Blueberry_No_F- (Blueberry extract), Blueberry_F- (Blueberry extract + 500 ppm F-), and Sn2+/F-_Rinse (commercial solution containing 800 ppm Sn2+ and 500 ppm F-). The specimens were submitted to 5 cycles (1 cycle per day), and each cycle consisted of: salivary pellicle formation (human saliva, 30 min, 37°C), modification of the pellicle (2 min, 25°C), pellicle formation (60 min, 37°C), and an erosive challenge (1 min, citric acid). Between cycles, the specimens were kept in a humid chamber. Relative surface hardness (rSH), relative surface reflection intensity (rSRI) and calcium released to the acid were analysed, using general linear models, and Kruskal-Wallis with post-hoc Dunn's tests. We observed that the presence of fluoride in synergy with the extract solutions provided better protection than the groups containing extract or fluoride only. For rSH, we observed a significant main effect of extracts (F(4,117) = 9.20; p<0.001) and fluoride (F(1,117) = 511.55; p<0.001), with a significant interaction (F(3,117) = 6.71; p<0.001). Grape_Seed_F- showed the best protection, better than fluoride, and Sn2+/F-_Rinse. Calcium results also showed greater protection for the groups containing fluoride, whereas for rSRI, despite a significant interaction between extract and fluoride (F(3,117) = 226.05; p<0.001), the differences between the groups were not as clearly observed. We conclude that polyphenols from plant extracts, when combined with fluoride, improve the protective effect of salivary pellicles against enamel erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Khoa Pham
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Augusto MG, Scaramucci T, Campos TMB, Aoki IV, Schlueter N, Borges AB. Film-Forming Polymers for Tooth Erosion Prevention. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194225. [PMID: 36236172 PMCID: PMC9573524 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different agents have been proposed to prevent the progression of acid induced dental substance losses, which are called erosive tooth wear (ETW), such as fluorides, calcium, and phosphate-based products; however, there is a need for a further increase in efficacy. Recently, the ability of polymers to interact with the tooth surface, forming acid resistant films, has come into the focus of research; nevertheless, there is still the need for a better understanding of their mode of action. Thus, this article provides an overview of the chemical structure of polymers, their mode of action, as well as the effect of their incorporation into oral care products, acid beverages, and antacid formulations, targeting the prevention of ETW. Recent evidence indicates that this may be a promising approach, however, additional studies are needed to confirm their efficacy under more relevant clinical conditions that consider salivary parameters such as flow rate, composition, and clearance. The standardization of methodological procedures such as acid challenge, treatment duration, and combination with fluorides is necessary to allow further comparisons between studies. In conclusion, film-forming polymers may be a promising cost-effective approach to prevent and control erosive demineralization of the dental hard tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gullo Augusto
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário de Cascavel–UNIVEL, Av. Tito Muffato, 317-Santa Cruz, Cascavel 85806-080, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | | | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Nadine Schlueter
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-12-3947-9374
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12
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Hong DW, Chen LB, Lin XJ, Attin T, Yu H. Dual function of quercetin as an MMP inhibitor and crosslinker in preventing dentin erosion and abrasion: An in situ/in vivo study. Dent Mater 2022; 38:e297-e307. [PMID: 36192276 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in situ/in vivo effect of quercetin on dentin erosion and abrasion. METHODS Human dentin blocks (2 × 2 × 2 mm) were embedded and assigned to 6 groups: 75 μg/mL, 150 μg/mL and 300 μg/mL quercetin (Q75, Q150, Q300); 120 μg/mL chlorhexidine (CHX, positive control); and deionized water and ethanol (the negative controls). The specimens were treated with the respective solutions for 2 min and then subjected to in situ/in vivo erosive/abrasive challenge for 7 d as follows: in vivo erosion 4 times a day and then in vivo toothbrush abrasion after the first and last erosive challenges of each day. Dentin loss was assessed by profilometry. An additional dentin specimen was used to evaluate the penetration depth of quercetin into dentin by tracking the spatial distribution of its characteristic Raman peak. Moreover, dentin blocks (7 × 1.7 × 0.7 mm) were used to detect the impact of quercetin on dentin-derived matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition by in situ zymography, and the inhibition percentage (%) was calculated. Additionally, the potential collagen crosslinking interactions with quercetin were detected by Raman spectroscopy, and the crosslinking degree was determined with a ninhydrin assay. Fully demineralized dentin beams (0.5 × 0.5 × 10 mm) were used to evaluate the impact of quercetin on the mechanical properties of dentin collagen fibre by the ultimate micro-tensile strength test (μUTS). The data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Compared to the negative controls, all treatment solutions significantly reduced dentin loss. The dentin loss of Q150 and Q300 was significantly less than that of CHX (all P < 0.05). The amount of quercetin decreased with increasing dentin depth, and the maximum penetration depth was approximately 25-30 µm. In situ zymography showed that quercetin significantly inhibited the activities of dentin-derived MMPs. The inhibitory percentages of Q75 and Q150 were significantly lower than that of CHX (all P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between Q300 and CHX (P = 0.58). The collagen crosslinking interactions with quercetin primarily involved hydrogen bonding and the degree of crosslinking increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Statistically significant increases in μUTS values were observed for demineralized dentin beams after quercetin treatment compared with those of the control treatments (all P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE This study provides the first direct evidence that quercetin could penetrate approximately 25-30 µm into dentin and further prevent dentin erosion and abrasion by inhibiting dentin-derived MMP activity as well as crosslinking collagen of the demineralized organic matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Wei Hong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Bing Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiu-Jiao Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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13
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The effect of iontophoresis delivery of fluoride in stannous fluoride desensitizing toothpaste on dentin permeability in human extracted teeth. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13615. [PMID: 35948761 PMCID: PMC9365827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of iontophoresis delivery of fluoride in stannous fluoride (SnF2) toothpaste on dentin permeability in human extracted third molars. For dentin permeability test, 26 dentin specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups; SnF2 without-iontophoresis (n = 10), SnF2 with-iontophoresis (n = 10), no SnF2 without-iontophoresis (n = 3), and no SnF2 with-iontophoresis (n = 3). The hydraulic conductance of dentin (HD) was measured after smear layer removal, immediate treatment, 7 days, and acid challenge. The other 26 specimens were also prepared under these different conditions to assess degree of dentinal tubule occlusions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Percentage decrease of HD in SnF2 without-iontophoresis after immediate treatment, 7 days and acid challenge were 38.38 ± 13.61, 56.92 ± 17.22 and 33.07 ± 23.57%. The corresponding values in SnF2 with-iontophoresis were 42.16 ± 14.49, 62.35 ± 15.67 and 50.01 ± 12.60%, respectively. There was a significant difference between without- and with-iontophoresis groups after acid challenge (p < 0.05). For SEM, after 7 days, SnF2 with-iontophoresis showed deeper dentinal tubule occlusion (p < 0.05) and more resistance to acid challenge than SnF2 without-iontophoresis. No significant change was observed in groups of no SnF2 treatment. Cathode iontophoresis could enhance the effect of SnF2 toothpaste in decreasing dentin permeability and increasing resistance to acid challenge.
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14
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Duffin S, Duffin M, Grootveld M. Revisiting Fluoride in the Twenty-First Century: Safety and Efficacy Considerations. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:873157. [PMID: 35860375 PMCID: PMC9289262 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.873157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 100 years of scientific literature is available which describes the long relationship between dentistry and the many possible applications of fluoride anion (F−) as successful therapeutic strategies. To date, systemic introduction of fluoride via water, milk and salt fluoridation, and fluoride-containing tablets, has been employed. Post-eruption topical fluoride products have also been introduced, such as fluoridated toothpaste, along with fluoride-containing rinses and varnishes. Importantly, a recent addition to the available armamentarium of fluoride therapeutics now exists in the form of metal ion-fluorido adducts, most especially silver(I)-diammine fluoride (SDF). In view of its high level of therapeutic success, very recently this agent was added to the World Health Authority's (WHO's) list of essential medicines available for the treatment and prevention of tooth decay. Overall, this current state of affairs merits a major review of all these fluoride-containing therapeutic compounds, together with their risks and benefits, both individually and collectively. In this study, a simple graphical tool has been developed for the rapid “on-site” evaluation of fluoride intake with respect to a range of oral healthcare products and body mass index is presented as a gauge of safety for the risk of fluoride toxicity in individual patients. This exposition commences with (a) an account of the history and value of fluoride therapeutics in clinical dentistry, including applications of monofluorophosphate and stannous fluoride; (b) an evaluation of the toxicological activities of fluoride, together with a summary of any reports, albeit very rare ones, arising from its clinically-driven overuse; (c) a history of the development, molecular structure, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications of SDF, including a summary of any possible toxic activities and effects arising from silver(I) ion rather than fluoride itself; and (d) the establishment of a working relationship between fluoride exposure and toxicity, with special reference to the instigation of newly-developed tabular/graphical reference guidelines for use by dental clinicians who employ fluoride-rich products in their practices. Particular attention is given to the oral care and treatment options of pediatric patients. In conclusion, applications of this unique monitoring tool may serve as a valuable toxicity guide for dental practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Duffin
- Shoreview Dental LLC, Keizer, OR, United States
- NoDK LLC, Wilsonville, OR, United States
- Oral Health Outreach LLC, Wilsonville, OR, United States
| | - Marcus Duffin
- Shoreview Dental LLC, Keizer, OR, United States
- NoDK LLC, Wilsonville, OR, United States
- Oral Health Outreach LLC, Wilsonville, OR, United States
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Martin Grootveld
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15
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Pereira LGDS, Bezerra SJC, Viana ÍEL, Lima LCD, Borges AB, Scaramucci T. Development of a sodium fluoride and stannous chloride-containing gel for treatment of dental erosion. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:54-61. [PMID: 36043569 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study synthesized and tested experimental gels containing fluoride (F-) and stannous (Sn2+) ions for the control of dental erosion. Enamel and dentin polished specimens were eroded (1% citric acid solution, 10 min) and randomly allocated into 5 groups (n=10): Placebo - Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HMC) gel; F+Sn+HMC - 7,500 ppm F- / 15,000 ppm Sn2+; F+HMC - 7,500 ppm F-; Commercial acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (12,300 ppm F-); and Control - no treatment. After treatment (applied for 60 s), specimens underwent an erosion-remineralization cycling (5 min in 0.3% citric acid solution, 60 min in artificial saliva, 4×/day, 20 days). Surface loss (SL, in µm) was determined after the 5th, 10th and 20th days of cycling (α=0.05). For enamel, after 5 and 10 days, F+Sn+HMC presented the lowest SL, which did not differ from the commercial gel. After 20 days, no differences were found between commercial, F+HMC, and F+Sn+HMC groups. Placebo did not differ from the control at any time points, and both groups presented the highest SL when compared to the other groups. For dentin, on the 5th day, F+Sn+HMC, F+HMC and commercial did not differ significantly, showing lower SL than the control and the placebo. On the 10th day, F+Sn+HMC and commercial presented the lowest SL compared to control and placebo. After 20 days, only the commercial gel showed lower SL than the control and placebo. Thus, the experimental F+Sn+HMC gel was able to control the progression of tooth erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Gatti de Souza Pereira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Leonardo Custódio de Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University. Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, 12245-000
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
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Bezerra SJC, Viana ÍEL, Aoki IV, Duarte S, Hara AT, Scaramucci T. In-vitro evaluation of the anti-cariogenic effect of a hybrid coating associated with encapsulated sodium fluoride and stannous chloride in nanoclays on enamel. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20210643. [PMID: 35507984 PMCID: PMC9064272 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to test, in vitro, the anti-cariogenic effect of experimental hybrid coatings, with nano clays of halloysite or bentonite, loaded with sodium fluoride or with a combination of sodium fluoride and stannous chloride, respectively. METHODOLOGY The varnish Fluor Protector (1,000 ppm of F-) was used as positive control and no treatment was the negative control. Enamel specimens (5 mm × 5 mm) were obtained from bovine teeth. The specimens (n=10) had their surfaces divided into two halves (5 mm × 2.5 mm each), in which one half received one of the treatments (Hybrid; Hybrid + NaF; Hybrid + NaF + SnCl2; Hybrid + NaF Loaded; Hybrid + NaF + SnCl2 Loaded). The specimens were submitted to a cariogenic challenge using a biofilm model (S. mutans UA159, for 5 days). Enamel surfaces both under and adjacent to the treated area were analyzed for mineral loss and lesion depth, by transverse microradiography. The pH of the medium was measured twice a day, and the fluoride release was analyzed. Additional specimens were submitted to confocal analysis. RESULTS Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (α=0.05). None of hybrid groups were able to reduce the lesion depth; the Hybrid + NaF group, however, was able to reduce mineral loss differing from the negative control (p=0.008). The groups showed no significant difference in the pH measurement and fluoride release. Confocal analysis confirmed that for all groups the biofilm growth was similar. CONCLUSION None of the hybrid groups reduced lesion depth, but the Hybrid + NaF group was able to promote protection against mineral loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Dentística, São Paulo, Brasil
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Department of Cariology, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Dentística, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica, Departamento de Engenharia Química, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Simone Duarte
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Department of Cariology, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Anderson Takeo Hara
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Department of Cariology, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Dentística, São Paulo, Brasil
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Francese MM, Gonçalves IVB, Vertuan M, de Souza BM, Magalhães AC. The protective effect of the experimental TiF 4 and chitosan toothpaste on erosive tooth wear in vitro. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7088. [PMID: 35490193 PMCID: PMC9056515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effect of TiF4 and chitosan toothpaste on erosive tooth wear (ETW) in vitro. Enamel and dentin samples were randomly assigned to toothpastes (n = 12): (G1) TiF4 (1400 ppm F−), (G2) 0.5% chitosan (75% deacetylation, 500 mPas), (G3) TiF4 (1400 ppm F−) plus 0.5% chitosan (75% deacetylation, 500 mPas), (G4) Placebo, (G5) Erosion Protection (Elmex-GABA, 1400 ppm F−). Twelve samples were only eroded. All samples were submitted to erosive pH cycles and G1 to G5 to abrasive challenges using toothpastes’ slurries plus 45 s of treatment, for 7 days. The final profile was overlaid to the baseline one for the ETW calculation (µm). The data were subjected to Kruskal–Wallis/Dunn tests. TiF4 toothpastes, regardless of the presence of chitosan, were able to significantly reduce ETW compared to placebo, while chitosan alone was similar to placebo for both tissues. The toothpastes containing TiF4 were even superior to the commercial Elmex toothpaste on enamel, while they were similar on dentin; both were also significantly different from placebo for both tissues. TiF4 and Elmex toothpastes minimized the impact of brushing on eroded surface. In conclusion, TiF4 toothpastes, regardless the presence of chitosan, showed to be effective in minimizing ETW in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Malta Francese
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mariele Vertuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Martines de Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Alencar CDM, Ribeiro MES, Zaniboni JF, Leandrin TP, Silva AM, Campos EAD. Anti-erosive profile of an experimental 5% SnCl₂ varnish containing different concentrations of NaF. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:68-76. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202203969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the anti-erosive effect of an experimental varnish containing 5% stannous chloride (SnCl₂) associated with different concentrations of NaF (NaF-free, 2.5% NaF, or 5.2% NaF) on bovine enamel and root dentin. One hundred samples were pre-eroded (0.3% citric acid, pH 2.6, 10 min) and randomized into five groups (n=10 for each substrate): Negative control - milli-Q water; NaF-free - Experimental varnish SnCl₂-free and NaF-free; 2.5 NaF - Experimental varnish 5% SnCl₂ associated with 2.5% NaF; 5.2 NaF: Experimental varnish 5% SnCl₂ associated with 5.2% NaF and positive control - Commercial varnish containing 5% NaF (Duraphat). After the varnishes were applied, the erosive and abrasive challenges were carried out for five days. Loss of tooth structure (TSL) was determined by optical profilometry, and the loss of calcium (ΔCa2+) using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Dentin analysis was also performed by SEM. A one-way ANOVA/Bonferroni test was performed to analyze the data (α=0.05). The experimental 2.5 NaF and 5.2 NaF groups showed greater effectiveness in preventing TSL when compared to the other groups (p <0.05), regardless of the substrate. In addition, these groups showed lower loss in Ca2+ content when compared to the other groups (p <0.05), for enamel and dentin. Dentin showed greater TSL and ΔCa2+ loss when compared to enamel in all treatments (p <0.05). The 5.2% and 2.5% NaF-containing experimental varnishes showed promising results in both, the prevention of TSL and the loss of Ca2+, regardless of the substrate studied.
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Devadiga D, Shetty P, Hegde MN. Characterization of dynamic process of carious and erosive demineralization - an overview. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:454-462. [PMID: 36506627 PMCID: PMC9733543 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_161_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To review the analytical methods for carious and erosive demineralization an initial search of peer-reviewed scientific literature from the digital library database of PubMed/Medline indexed journals published up to early 2022 was carried out based on keywords relevant to the topic criteria including bibliographic citations from the papers to gather the most updated information. This current review aims to provide an updated overview of the advantages, limitations, and potential applications of direct and indirect research methods available for studying various dynamic stages of carious and erosive demineralization in enamel and dentin. This paper categorizes and describes the most suitable, frequently adopted and widely used quantitative and qualitative techniques in in vitro/in vivo research which are well-established, emerging, or comparatively novel techniques that are being explored for their potential validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Devadiga
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India,Address for correspondence: Prof. Darshana Devadiga, Departments of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
| | - Pushparaj Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, A.B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mithra N. Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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LINS RODRIGOBARROSESTEVES, SANTI MARINARODRIGUES, NORONHA MAYARADOSSANTOS, SEBOLD MAICON, CAVALLI VANESSA. DOES TITANIUM TETRAFLUORIDE PROMOTE A PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON ERODED TOOTH? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021; 22:101682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tavares JDP, da Silva CV, Engel Y, de Freitas PM, Rechmann P. In situ effect of CO2 laser (9.3 μm) irradiation, combined with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution in prevention and control of erosive tooth wear in human enamel. Caries Res 2021; 55:617-628. [PMID: 34689142 DOI: 10.1159/000520215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This single-blind, controlled cross-over in situ study aimed to evaluate the effect of CO2 laser (9.3µm) irradiation, combined with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution on prevention and control of Erosive Tooth Wear (ETW) in human enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two trial conditions were analyzed, Condition-1 as ETW-prevention (sound tooth surface) and Condition-2 as ETW-control (in vitro initial erosive lesion). The experiment was conducted in two phases, one with one without exposure to AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution. A hundred and ninety-two samples of human enamel (3x3x1mm) were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups for each condition: (C) without treatment (negative control); (F) AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution (positive control); (L) CO2 laser irradiation; (L+F) CO2 laser+AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution. Twelve volunteers used a removable device each containing 8 samples per phase. Ex-vivo erosive challenges (4×5min/day) and rinsing protocol (1×30s/day) were performed. The surface loss was determined using optical profilometer (n=12 per group), and the surface morphology was observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (n=3). RESULTS Condition-1 data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Condition-2 by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, both with Tukey post-hoc tests (α=5%). Condition-1: groups L (4.59 ±2.95µm) and L+F (1.58 ±1.24µm) showed significantly less surface loss in preventing ETW than groups C and F. Condition-2: in controlling the progression of ETW, L+F was the only group with no significant surface loss between initial erosive lesion (3.65 ±0.16µm) and after erosive challenge (4.99 ±1.17µm). CONCLUSIONS CO2 9.3µm laser application prevented and controlled ETW progression in human enamel, with greater efficiency when combined with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane de Paula Tavares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Camila Vieira da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yael Engel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Bezerra SJC, Viana ÍEL, Aoki IV, Sobral MAP, Borges AB, Hara AT, Scaramucci T. Erosive tooth wear inhibition by hybrid coatings with encapsulated fluoride and stannous ions. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:83. [PMID: 34212232 PMCID: PMC8249257 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to formulate a hybrid coating material (HC) and to modify this HC with fluoride (NaF) and stannous (SnCl2) ions, directly or encapsulated in nano containers, testing the effects of these materials against dental erosion and erosion-abrasion. Enamel and dentin specimens were treated with the HCs, and then tested in erosion or erosion-abrasion cycling models of 5 days (n = 10 for each substrate, for each model). Deionized water was the negative control, and a fluoride varnish, the positive control. Surface loss (SL, in µm) was evaluated with an optical profilometer, and data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). For enamel, in erosion, the positive control and HC without additives showed significantly lower SL than the negative control (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001). In erosion-abrasion, none of the groups differed from the negative control (p > 0.05). For dentin, in erosion, the positive control, HC without additives, HC with non-encapsulated F, and HC with encapsulated F + Sn showed lower SL than the negative control (p < 0.05). In erosion-abrasion, none of the groups differed significantly from the negative control (p < 0.05). HC without additives showed a promising potential for protecting the teeth against dental erosion (with upward trend for improved protection on dentin), but not against erosion-abrasion. The presence of additives did not improve the protective effect of the HC, on both substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, São Paulo University-USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Angela Pita Sobral
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Buhler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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de Souza BM, Santi LRP, João-Souza SH, Carvalho TS, Magalhães AC. Effect of titanium tetrafluoride/sodium fluoride solutions containing chitosan at different viscosities on the protection of enamel erosion in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Augusto MG, da Silva LFO, Scaramucci T, Aoki IV, Torres CRG, Borges AB. Protective effect of anti-erosive solutions enhanced by an aminomethacrylate copolymer. J Dent 2020; 105:103540. [PMID: 33249109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if an aminomethacrylate copolymer (AMC) could potentiate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride -F (225 ppm F-) and sodium fluoride associated to stannous chloride -FS (800 ppm Sn2+). METHODS The experimental solutions (F, FS, AMC, AMC + F, AMC + FS, and deionized water-DW as negative control) were tested in the presence of acquired pellicle. Polished bovine enamel specimens (n = 13/group) were submitted to an erosion-rehardening cycle (2 h immersion in human saliva, 5 min in 0.3 % citric acid, 1 h in human saliva, 4×/day, 5 days). Treatment with the solutions was performed for 2 min, 2×/day. The rehardening (%Re) and protective (%Prot) potential of the solutions were assessed in the beginning of the experiment, and the surface loss (SL) by contact profilometry after 5 days. Additional bovine specimens (n = 5/group) were prepared to evaluate the contact angle on the treated enamel surface. The zeta potential of the dispersed hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals after the treatment with the solutions was also measured (n = 3/group). Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS The association with AMC improved the %Re and the %Prot for W and F, but not for FS. The results of SL were: AMC + F = AMC + FS < AMC < FS < F < DW. The presence of AMC significantly reduced the contact angle on enamel surfaces. The HA presented a strong negative surface charge after the treatment with DW, F and FS, whereas after the treatment with the solutions containing AMC it became positive. CONCLUSION AMC has potential to enhance the anti-erosive effect of fluoride solutions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The aminomethacrylate copolymer (AMC) may be a promising agent to be added to oral care products for the prevention of erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gullo Augusto
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Oliveira da Silva
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo University - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Polytechnic School, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Souza BM, Machado PF, Vecchia LR, Magalhães AC. Effect of chitosan solutions with or without fluoride on the protection against dentin erosion in vitro. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:495-500. [PMID: 33058288 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of experimental solutions containing chitosan at different viscosities with or without fluoride (TiF4 /NaF) on dentin loss in vitro. Bovine dentin samples (n = 15) were prepared and allocated to one of the following treatments: (i) 0.5% chitosan (500 mPas); (ii) 0.5% chitosan (2,000 mPas); (iii) 0.042% NaF and 0.049% TiF4 ; (iv) as (iii) with addition of 0.5% chitosan (500 mPas); (v) as (iii) with addition of 0.5% chitosan (2,000 mPas); (vi) commercial solution with SnCl2 /AmF/NaF (positive control); or (vii) deionized water (negative control). The samples were submitted to pH cycling for 7 d (0.1% citric acid, 4 × 90 s d-1 ). The treatment was applied once a day for 30 s. The dentin loss was quantified using a contact profilometer. Three samples per group were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The dentin loss (μm) was submitted to anova and Tukey's test for differences between treatments. Among the treatments tested, only chitosan 500 mPas was able to statistically significantly reduce the dentin loss compared to the negative control, being similar to the positive control. TiF4 /NaF, whether with or without chitosan, had no protective effect. Chitosan 500 mPas and SnCl2 /AmF/NaF solutions have comparable protective effect against dentin erosion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz M Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Paula F Machado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Luiz Rp Vecchia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ana C Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Anti-erosive effect of rinsing before or after toothbrushing with a Fluoride/Stannous Ions solution: an in situ investigation. J Dent 2020; 101:103450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Olivan SRG, Sfalcin RA, Fernandes KPS, Ferrari RAM, Horliana ACRT, Motta LJ, Ortega SM, Pinto MM, Deana AM, Bussadori SK. Preventive effect of remineralizing materials on dental erosion lesions by speckle technique: An in vitro analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101655. [PMID: 31923635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the preventive effect of different materials on dental erosion lesions by speckle coherent light scattering analysis. Forty bovine teeth were divided in the following groups (n = 10): 1) DURA- Preventive Treatment with Fluoride Varnish (Duraphat, Colgate-Palmolive); 2) ELX- Preventive treatment with Elmex® Erosion Protection Toothpaste (GABA International AG, Therwil, Switzerland); 3) MP- Preventive treatment with MI Paste® (GC America); and 4) REG- Preventive Treatment with Regenerate Enamel Science™ (Unilever). For all groups, each sample was divided into 3 areas: non-treatment (control); preventive treatment + erosive challenge; non-treatment + erosive challenge. The erosive challenge was carried out using Sprite® Zero soft drink (pH 2.58). After the erosive challenge, the samples were evaluated by speckle coherent light scattering method in the eroded area compared to the sound area. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between eroded area with and without preventive treatment, however, there was no statistically significant difference among the different preventive materials tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Regina Garcia Olivan
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St., 235/249, ZIP: 01504-001, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ravana Angelini Sfalcin
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St., 235/249, ZIP: 01504-001, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St., 235/249, ZIP: 01504-001, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St., 235/249, ZIP: 01504-001, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St., 235/249, ZIP: 01504-001, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St., 235/249, ZIP: 01504-001, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Machado Ortega
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St., 235/249, ZIP: 01504-001, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Mendes Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St., 235/249, ZIP: 01504-001, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St., 235/249, ZIP: 01504-001, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro St., 235/249, ZIP: 01504-001, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil.
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João-Souza SH, Scaramucci T, Bühler Borges A, Lussi A, Saads Carvalho T, Corrêa Aranha AC. Influence of desensitizing and anti-erosive toothpastes on dentine permeability: An in vitro study. J Dent 2019; 89:103176. [PMID: 31351084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the effect of desensitizing and/or anti-erosive toothpastes on dentine permeability. METHODS One-mm dentin discs were prepared from human molars and exposed to EDTA solution (5 min, 17%). Initial dentine permeability was measured, under constant pressure. Specimens were randomly allocated into 10 groups: four anti-erosive toothpastes (calcium silicate + sodium phosphate, potassium nitrate, stannous chloride + chitosan, oligopeptide-104); four desensitizing toothpastes (arginine + calcium carbonate, calcium sodium phosphosilicate, strontium acetate, stannous fluoride); and two controls (regular fluoridated toothpaste, and human saliva). They were submitted to a 5-day erosion-abrasion cycling model. Erosion consisted of immersion in citric acid (2 min, 0.3%, natural pH ˜ 2.6, 4x/day), followed by 1 h exposure to human saliva. Specimens were brushed for 15 s (2 N, 45 strokes) with the toothpaste slurries (total exposure time of 2 min). After 5 cycles, the final dentine permeability was determined. Dentine permeability change was calculated as a percentage of the initial hydraulic conductance (%Lp). Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The toothpastes calcium silicate + sodium phosphate and potassium nitrate, showed significant decrease in %Lp, with no difference between them. The regular fluoridated toothpaste also decreased the %Lp, not differing from potassium nitrate. No desensitizing toothpaste showed change in %Lp. Human saliva, oligopeptide-104 and stannous chloride + chitosan presented significant increase in %Lp, without difference between them. CONCLUSION Calcium silicate + sodium phosphate, potassium nitrate, and the regular fluoridated toothpaste decreased dentine permeability, whereas the desensitizing toothpastes tested did not. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Toothpastes had distinct impacts on dentine permeability, which may reflect a variable effect on the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Within the limitations of a laboratory-based study, toothpastes with an anti-erosive claim could also be effective in reducing the pain in dentine hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Cecília Corrêa Aranha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Machado AC, Bezerra SJC, João-Souza SH, Caetano TM, Russo LC, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Using fluoride mouthrinses before or after toothbrushing: effect on erosive tooth wear. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 108:104520. [PMID: 31445424 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1. To evaluate the use of fluoridated mouthrinses before or after toothbrushing on erosive tooth wear. 2. To compare the anti-erosive effect of the combination toothpaste and mouthrinse containing fluoride, with or without stannous chloride. DESIGN Enamel and dentin specimens were randomly distributed into groups (n = 10 of each substrate/group): B-brushing, B + R-brushing + rinsing, and R + B-rinsing + brushing. The treatments were performed using a fluoride toothpaste (BF: 1400 ppm fluoride, as amino fluoride-AmF) combined or not with a fluoride mouthrinse (RF: 250 ppm fluoride, as AmF and sodium fluoride-NaF) or fluoride and stannous toothpaste (BF+Sn: 1400 ppm fluoride, as AmF and NaF, 3500 ppm stannous, as stannous chloride-SnCl2 and 0.5% chitosan) combined or not with fluoride and stannous mouthrinse (RF+Sn: 500 ppm fluoride, as AmF and NaF, 800 ppm stannous, as SnCl2). As control, brushing was performed with artificial saliva (BC). Specimens were submitted to a 5-day erosive-abrasive cycling model. Treatments were performed twice daily. Surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Games-Howell tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS For enamel, RF+BF and RF+Sn+BF+Sn presented significantly lower SL than the control, with RF+BF being significantly lower than RF+Sn+BF+Sn. For dentin, BC had the lowest SL, not differing from BF+Sn+RF+Sn, RF+Sn+BF+Sn and BF. Groups RF+BF and BF+RF showed highest SL, not differing from BF+Sn and BF+Sn. CONCLUSIONS For enamel, the use of a mouthrinse before brushing was able to reduce erosive wear for both fluoride and stannous products. For dentin, the use of stannous-containing products, irrespective of the order of application, presented superior effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Cristina Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7 CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tainá Mautone Caetano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano Citadini Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7 CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Cai J, Burrow MF, Manton DJ, Tsuda Y, Sobh EG, Palamara JEA. Effects of silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide on artificial root caries lesions with adjunctive application of proanthocyanidin. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:491-502. [PMID: 30776507 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of carious root surfaces remains challenging due to the complex pathological processes and difficulty in restoring the original structure of root dentine. Current treatments targeting the de-/re-mineralisation processes are not entirely satisfactory in terms of the protection of the dentinal organic matrix and the highly organised structure of dentine. In this in vitro study, a cross-linking agent - proanthocyanidin (PA) was used in conjunction with a fluoride-based treatment - silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide (SDF/KI) to putatively stabilise the organic dentinal framework as well as strengthen the collagen-mineral phase interaction. The effectiveness of this strategy was evaluated 24 h after application in terms of the distribution of ion uptake and microstructure of dentine after treatment as well as analysis of the nano-mechanical properties using a dynamic behaviour model. Results showed that individual use of SDF/KI significantly improved the surface microhardness and integrated mineral density (Z) up to 60 µm depth and the recovery of creep behaviour of demineralised dentine in the surface area compared to that treated with deionised distilled water (DDW). The combined treatment of PA and SDF/KI achieved a more homogenous mineral distribution throughout the lesions than SDF/KI alone; a more significant incremental increase in surface microhardness and Z was observed. Specifically, a superior effect on the subsurface area occurred with PA + SDF/KI, with significant improvements in microhardness, elastic modulus and recovery of creep behaviour of the demineralised dentine. Application of SDF/KI induced small discrete crystal formation distributed over the dentine surface and PA contributed to the formation of slit-shaped orifices of the dentinal tubules that were partially occluded. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Demographic transitions and improved oral health behaviour have resulted in increased tooth retention in elderly people. As a consequence, the risk of root dentine caries is increasing due to the age-associated gingival recession and the related frequent exposure of cervical root dentine. Root caries is difficult to repair because of the complex aetiology and dentine structure. The recovery of dentine quality depends not only on reincorporation of minerals but also an intact dentinal organic matrix and the organic-inorganic interfacial structure, which contribute to the biomechanics of dentine. With the capability of dentine modification, cross-linking agents were applied with a fluoride regimen, which improved its treatment efficacy of root caries regarding the distribution of ion uptake and recovery of dentine biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Michael F Burrow
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - David J Manton
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Yuka Tsuda
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Eman G Sobh
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Joseph E A Palamara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
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Lussi A, Buzalaf MAR, Duangthip D, Anttonen V, Ganss C, João-Souza SH, Baumann T, Carvalho TS. The use of fluoride for the prevention of dental erosion and erosive tooth wear in children and adolescents. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019; 20:517-527. [PMID: 30762211 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-019-00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erosive tooth wear (ETW) has gained increasing clinical relevance. It is estimated that worldwide 30-50% of deciduous and 20-45% of permanent teeth are affected. One of the most important nutritional factors causing ETW is the overconsumption of soft drinks, but also patient-related factors like reflux or eating disorders can lead to erosive lesions. Whether acids lead to erosive demineralisation depends on their degree of saturation with respect to tooth mineral at their actual pH. REVIEW Fluoride compounds like sodium or amine fluoride seem to be of limited efficacy against erosion, the main reason for this is the missing biofilm in the erosive process as well as the lower pH of the acids compared to bacterial acids. This means that to achieve some kind of preventive effect it would be necessary to use products with higher fluoride concentration, which is not an appropriate option for small children, and/or to increase the frequency of application. In addition, the fluoride compound plays a role as promising effects were found when fluoride is combined with titanium or stannous ions. TiF4 can cause acid-resistant surface coatings and when Sn2+/F- formulations are applied, Sn is not only found on the surface but is also incorporated into enamel and dentine. Both effects make the tooth surface more resistant against acid demineralisation. Different fluoride-containing vehicles have been tested to prevent erosion/ETW, such as toothpastes, rinses, gels and varnishes. Toothpastes offer some degree of protection, especially Sn2+-containing formulations, but effects of the active ingredients are sometimes counteracted by the presence of abrasives. CONCLUSION Detecting associated factors and influencing them is the main instrument in arresting erosive tooth wear. Additionally, patients at risk for dental erosion should always use an additional fluoride source preferably containing Sn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M A R Buzalaf
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - D Duangthip
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - V Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - C Ganss
- Department for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S H João-Souza
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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32
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Fernando JR, Shen P, Sim CPC, Chen YY, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Reynolds C, Stanton DP, MacRae CM, Reynolds EC. Self-assembly of dental surface nanofilaments and remineralisation by SnF 2 and CPP-ACP nanocomplexes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1285. [PMID: 30718577 PMCID: PMC6362116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries, erosion and hypersensitivity are major public health problems. SnF2 is used widely in oral care products to help prevent/treat these conditions. Casein phosphopeptide-stabilised amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes (CPP-ACP) are a biomimetic nanotechnology of salivary phosphopeptide-ACP complexes that deliver bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions to promote dental remineralisation (repair). We show here using in vitro studies and a double-blind, randomised controlled, cross-over design in situ clinical trial that SnF2 and CPP-ACP interact to form a nanofilament coating on the tooth surface and that together they are superior in their ability to promote dental remineralisation. Sn(II) by cross-linking the CPP-ACP helps to stabilise the complexes which improves delivery to the tooth surface and enhances binding and ion incorporation into tooth mineral. The combination of SnF2 and CPP-ACP in oral care products may significantly improve their efficacy in prevention/treatment of dental caries/erosion and hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Fernando
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peiyan Shen
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina P C Sim
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Yen Chen
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn D Walker
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Yuan
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Coralie Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Stanton
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin M MacRae
- Microbeam Laboratory, CSIRO Mineral Resources, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Bezerra S, João-Souza S, Aoki I, Borges A, Hara A, Scaramucci T. Anti-Erosive Effect of Solutions Containing Sodium Fluoride, Stannous Chloride, and Selected Film-Forming Polymers. Caries Res 2018; 53:305-313. [DOI: 10.1159/000493388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (F: 225 ppm F–), stannous chloride (Sn: 800 ppm Sn2+), and some film-forming polymers (Gantrez: Poly [methylvinylether-alt-maleic anhydride]; PGA: propylene glycol alginate; Plasdone: poly[vinylpyrrolidone]; and CMC: carboxymethylcellulose). Solutions were tested in an erosion-remineralization cycling model, using enamel and dentin specimens (n = 10, for each substrate). Distilled water was the negative control. Cycling consisted of 120 min immersion in human saliva, 5 min in 0.3% citric acid solution, and 120 min of exposure to human saliva, 4×/day, for 5 days. Treatment with solutions (pH = 4.5) was carried out 2×/day, for 2 min. Surface loss (SL) was evaluated with optical profilometry. Zeta potential of hydroxyapatite crystals was determined after treatment with the solutions. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). For enamel, all polymers showed significantly lower SL (in µm) than the control (11.09 ± 0.94), except PGA (10.15 ± 1.25). PGA significantly improved the protective effect of F (4.24 ± 0.97 vs. 5.64 ± 1.60, respectively). None of the polymers increased the protection of F+Sn (5.13 ± 0.78). For dentin, only Gantrez (11.40 ± 0.97) significantly reduced SL when compared with the negative control (12.76 ± 0.75). No polymer was able to enhance the effect of F (6.28 ± 1.90) or F+Sn (7.21 ± 1.13). All fluoridated solutions demonstrated significantly lower SL values than the control for both substrates. Treatment of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with all solutions resulted in more negative zeta potentials than those of the control, except Plasdone, PGA, and F+Sn+PGA, the latter two presenting the opposite effect. In conclusion, Gantrez, Plasdone, and CMC exhibited an anti-erosive effect on enamel. PGA increased the protection of F. For dentin, only Gantrez reduced erosion.
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Stannous chloride and stannous fluoride are inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. J Dent 2018; 78:51-58. [PMID: 30081053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in dentin and saliva can degrade collagen. Divalent metals are known inhibitors of MMPs, but stannous - such as in the form of stannous chloride (SnCl2) or stannous fluoride (SnF2) - is yet to be tested for a possible inhibitory effect. In this study, we tested the inhibitory effect on the proteolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. METHODS Sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium fluoride (NaF), and chlorhexidine (CHX) were used as controls. Gelatin zymography was performed with recombinant human MMP-2 and MMP-9. SnCl2, SnF2, NaF, NaCl, and CHX were included either in the incubation buffer (M1) or added to the recombinant MMPs (M2) before the MMPs were analyzed using zymography. Furthermore, the effect of SnCl2, SnF2, and NaF on the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was measured in human dentin either before or after acid etching using 37%phosphoric acid. The effect of SnCl2, NaF, and CHX on the viability and of SnCl2 and NaF on the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts and L929 mouse fibroblasts was also determined. RESULTS For M1, inhibitory concentrations (w/v%) of SnCl2 0.5% and 0.5%, SnF2 0.25% and 0.12%, NaF 0.12% and 0.5%, CHX 0.012% and 0.05%, were observed for MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. NaCl had no inhibitory effect. For M2, SnCl2 0.007% and 0.12%, and SnF2 0.03% and 0.5%, inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. NaF, NaCl and CHX had no effect. The enzymatic activity was slightly reduced when SnCl2 and NaF were applied on dentin before the acid attack. Regarding cell viability and proliferation of the cells after stimulation with the respective substances, NaF showed almost no effect, SnCl2 appeared to increase viability and proliferation of the cells, and CHX decreased the viability of cells. CONCLUSIONS Stannous ions caused a direct inhibition of the matrix metalloproteinases, whereas F- only had an inhibitory effect when added to the zymography buffer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of MMPs using SnCl2 and SnF2 could play an important role in the prevention of dental erosion and caries. However, the clinical relevance of these findings needs to be proven.
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The Effect of SnCl 2/AmF Pretreatment on Short- and Long-Term Bond Strength to Eroded Dentin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3895356. [PMID: 29850511 PMCID: PMC5933038 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3895356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of SnCl2/AmF pretreatment on short- and long-term bond strength of resin composite to eroded dentin mediated by two self-etch, MDP-containing adhesive systems. 184 dentin specimens were produced from extracted human molars. Half the specimens (n = 92) were artificially eroded, and half were left untreated. For both substrates, half the specimens were pretreated with SnCl2/AmF, and half were left untreated. The specimens were treated with Clearfil SE Bond or Scotchbond Universal prior to application of resin composite. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was measured after 24 h or 1 year. Failure mode was detected and EDX was performed. μTBS results were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). μTBS was significantly influenced by the dentin substrate (eroded < noneroded dentin) and storage time (24 h > 1 year; p < 0.0001) but not by pretreatment with SnCl2/AmF or adhesive system. The predominant failure mode was adhesive failure at the dentin-adhesive interface. The content of Sn was generally below detection limit. Pretreatment with SnCl2/AmF did not influence short- and long-term bond strength to eroded dentin. Bond strength was reduced after storage for one year, was lower to eroded dentin than to noneroded dentin, and was similar for the two adhesive systems.
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de Souza BM, Santi LRP, de Souza Silva M, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. Effect of an experimental mouth rinse containing NaF and TiF 4 on tooth erosion and abrasion in situ. J Dent 2018; 73:45-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Rokaya D, Srimaneepong V, Sapkota J, Qin J, Siraleartmukul K, Siriwongrungson V. Polymeric materials and films in dentistry: An overview. J Adv Res 2018; 14:25-34. [PMID: 30364755 PMCID: PMC6198729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of polymeric materials (PMs) and polymeric films (PMFs) has increased in medicine and dentistry. This increasing interest is attributed to not only the excellent surfaces of PMs and PMFs but also their desired mechanical and biological properties, low production cost, and ease in processing, allowing them to be tailored for a wide range of applications. Specifically, PMs and PMFs are used in dentistry for their antimicrobial, drug delivery properties; in preventive, restorative and regenerative therapies; and for corrosion and friction reduction. PMFs such as acrylic acid copolymers are used as a dental adhesive; polylactic acids are used for dental pulp and dentin regeneration, and bioactive polymers are used as advanced drug delivery systems. The objective of this article was to review the literatures on the latest advancements in the use of PMs and PMFs in medicine and dentistry. Published literature (1990–2017) on PMs and PMFs for use in medicine and dentistry was reviewed using MEDLINE/PubMed and ScienceDirect resources. Furthermore, this review also explores the diversity of latest PMs and PMFs that have been utilized in dental applications, and analyzes the benefits and limitations of PMs and PMFs. Most of the PMs and PMFs have shown to improve the biomechanical properties of dental materials, but in future, more clinical studies are needed to create better treatment guidelines for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rokaya
- Biomaterial and Material for Dental Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Viritpon Srimaneepong
- Biomaterial and Material for Dental Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Janak Sapkota
- Institute of Polymer Processing, Department of Polymer Engineering and Science, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Glockel Strasse 2, 800 Leoben, Austria
| | - Jiaqian Qin
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute (MMRI), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krisana Siraleartmukul
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute (MMRI), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vilailuck Siriwongrungson
- College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovations, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Thailand
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Sakae LO, Bezerra SJC, João-Souza SH, Borges AB, Aoki IV, Aranha ACC, Scaramucci T. An in vitro study on the influence of viscosity and frequency of application of fluoride/tin solutions on the progression of erosion of bovine enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 89:26-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Amaral SFD, Scaffa PMC, Rodrigues RDS, Nesadal D, Marques MM, Nogueira FN, Sobral MAP. Dynamic Influence of pH on Metalloproteinase Activity in Human Coronal and Radicular Dentin. Caries Res 2018; 52:113-118. [PMID: 29298447 DOI: 10.1159/000479825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH on the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of human coronal (CD) and radicular dentin (RD). CD and RD were pulverized to powder, and proteins were extracted with 1% phosphoric acid. The extracted proteins and the demineralized powder were separately incubated in the following solutions: 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate (control) or a buffer solution at different pHs (2.5, 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0). After incubation, proteins were separated by electrophoresis to measure MMP activities by zymography. To assess the solubilized dentin collagen, the demineralized dentin powder was sustained in incubation buffer, and the amount of hydroxyproline (HYP) released was measured. Zymography revealed MMP-2 gelatinolytic activities for CD and RD in all experimental groups. For both substrates, the lowest pH solutions (2.5, 4.5, and 5.0) yielded higher gelatinolytic activity than those obtained by the highest pH solutions (6.0 and 7.0). For HYP analysis, no detectable absorbance values were observed for pHs of 2.5 and 4.5. The amount of HYP was higher for pH 7.0 than those of all other groups (p < 0.05), except for pH 6.0. No statistical differences were found between pHs 6.0 and 5.0 and control (p > 0.05). The MMP-2 enzyme from human CD and RD is dynamically influenced by pH: at low pH, the extracted enzyme activates this latent form, whereas collagen degradation by the matrix-bound enzyme is only observed when pHs are close to neutral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella F do Amaral
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nandakumar M, Nasim I. Comparative evaluation of grape seed and cranberry extracts in preventing enamel erosion: An optical emission spectrometric analysis. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21:516-520. [PMID: 30294113 PMCID: PMC6161533 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_110_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dental erosion is defined as the loss of tooth structure due to chemical process that does not involve bacteria. The management of such a condition calls for a comprehensive approach to identifying the cause and treating it. Aim: The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the role of grape seed extract (GSE) and cranberry extract (CE) in preventing dental erosion using optical emission spectrometry. Materials and Methods: Prepared enamel specimens were subjected to the erosive challenge using HCl for 10 s, followed by immersion in experimental natural groups and control fluoride group for 30 s and artificial saliva for 60 min. This cycle was repeated three times. The amounts of calcium and phosphorous present in the acid solution after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd erosive challenges were determined for each group using induced coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Results: The cumulative calcium and phosphorous release after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd erosive challenges were found to be the least in SnF2 group, followed by GSE group and then in CE group. Conclusion: The protective of GSE and CE was inferior to the gold standard control group of stannous fluoride role, against enamel erosion. GSE showed better remineralizing effect; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Nandakumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Iffat Nasim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Effect of Proanthocyanidin-enriched extracts on the inhibition of wear and degradation of dentin demineralized organic matrix. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:118-124. [PMID: 28987724 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cranberry and Grape seed-enriched extract gels in inhibiting wear and degradation of demineralized organic matrix (DOM). DESIGN 225 dentin specimens obtained from bovine incisors were randomly allocated into 5 groups (n=45): 10% Grape seed extract gel (GSE), 10% Cranberry extract gel (CE), 0.012% Chlorhexidine gel (CX), 1.23% NaF gel (F), and no active compound gel (P, placebo). Before the treatments, samples were demineralized by immersion in 0.87M citric acid, pH 2.3 (36h). Then, the studied gels were applied once over dentin for 1min. Next, the samples were immersed in artificial saliva containing collagenase obtained from Clostridium histolyticum for 5days. The response variable for dentin wear was depth of dentin loss measured by profilometry and for collagen degradation was hydroxyproline determination. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test and Pearson Correlation Test (p<0.05). RESULTS Grape seed extract significantly reduced dentin wear compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Cranberry extract and Chlorhexidine did not differ statistically and were able to reduce wear when compared to NaF and placebo treatments. The hydroxyproline analysis showed that there was no significant difference among groups for all treatments (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the amount of degraded DOM evaluated by profilometry and the determination of hydroxyproline. CONCLUSION Cranberry extract was able to reduce the dentin wear and collagen degradation, likely due to the proanthocyanidin content and its action. Therefore, Cranberry could be suggested as an interesting natural-based agent to prevent dentin erosion.
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Martines de Souza B, Vertuan M, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. The Impact of the Demineralized Organic Matrix on the Effect of TiF4 Varnish on the Progression of Dentin Erosive Loss. Caries Res 2017; 51:264-270. [DOI: 10.1159/000475534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study compared the effect of TiF4 varnish with that of NaF varnish, applied on pre-eroded bovine dentin samples, with respect to the progression of erosive loss, in the presence or absence of the demineralized organic matrix (DOM). One hundred and sixty bovine dentin samples were pre-eroded (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5, 30 min). Half of the samples were subjected to the DOM removal (collagenase solution, 5 days). Samples with and without the DOM were treated according to the groups (n = 20 with DOM and 20 without DOM/group): TiF4 varnish (2.45% F), NaF varnish (2.45% F), placebo varnish (without fluoride) and control (no treatment). Thereafter, the treated samples were submitted to erosive challenges 4 × 90 s/day (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5) during 7 days. Between the challenges, the samples were immersed in artificial saliva. The dentin erosive loss was measured using contact profilometry (µm, n = 15). Five dentin samples per group were prepared for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Data were compared using 2-way ANOVA/Bonferroni test (p < 0.05). Both fluoride varnishes were effective in reducing the erosive loss progression regardless of the dentin condition when compared to placebo varnish and control groups. Despite the fact that the TiF4 varnish was more effective than the NaF varnish for both dentin conditions (p < 0.001), its effect was significantly reduced in the absence of DOM (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the TiF4 varnish is the best treatment in reducing the progression of dentin erosive loss (100%) in vitro, but its protective effect is more pronounced in the presence of DOM.
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da Silva CV, Ramos-Oliveira TM, Mantilla TF, de Freitas PM. Frequency of Application of AmF/NaF/SnCl2 Solution and Its Potential in Controlling Human Enamel Erosion Progression: An in situ Study. Caries Res 2017; 51:141-148. [PMID: 28125809 DOI: 10.1159/000455051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution in inhibiting dental erosion progression, measures for further improvement in its effectiveness are paramount. Thus, this in situ study evaluated whether the protective effect promoted by the AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution would be enhanced by increasing its frequency of use. The study was conducted with 12 volunteers, a 4-phase (5 days each) randomized, crossover model. Extraoral erosive challenges (0.5% citric acid, pH 2.6, 6 × 2 min/day) and rinsing protocol (1 or 2 × 2 min/day) were performed. Before the in situ phase, human enamel samples were subjected to an in vitro surface softening (1% citric acid, pH 4.0, for 3 min). Four treatment protocols were tested using samples in replicas (n = 12): group G1 - deionized water (negative control); G2 - NaF solution (positive control, 500 ppm F-, pH 4.5); G3 - AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution (500 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2+, pH 4.5) once a day; G4 - AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution twice a day. Tissue loss and morphological changes were determined by optical profilometry (n = 12) and scanning electron microscopy (n = 3) analysis, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA with subsequent pairwise comparison of treatments. Tissue loss means (±SD in µm) for each treatment protocol and statistical differences were found as follows: G1 4.55 ± 2.75, G2 4.59 ± 2.13, G3 2.64 ± 1.55, and G4 1.34 ± 1.16. Although there was no difference between the 2 AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution application regimens (once or twice a day), application of the product twice a day was the only treatment that was able to control erosion progression, differing from the control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Diamanti I, Koletsi-Kounari H, Mamai-Homata E. Effect of toothpastes containing different NaF concentrations or a SnF2/NaF combination on root dentine erosive lesions, in vitro. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e577-e583. [PMID: 27957274 PMCID: PMC5149095 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoride toothpastes presumably offer some protection against acid erosion. However, uncertainty exists towards fluoride's efficacy relatively to the concentration and the type of chemical compound used. This in vitro study evaluated the relative efficacy of toothpastes containing sodium fluoride in different concentrations or a stabilized stannous fluoride/sodium fluoride system on root dentine erosion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bovine dentin specimens were allocated into four groups (n=10): control (no F), 1450ppm F (as NaF), 5000ppm F (as NaF) and 1450ppm F (1100ppm as stabilized SnF2 and 350ppm as NaF)/sodium hexamethaphosphate. The specimens were submitted to 6 daily cycles of erosion (0.3% v/v citric acid, pH=3.2, 20 min) and remineralization (~22h), interspersed by 2-min immersions in 1:3 w/v of dentifrice/distilled water slurries. Subsequently, they were subjected to a 24-h acid resistance test (0.3% v/v citric acid, pH=3.2) without any further treatments. Surface loss was quantified by contact profilometry. Data were analysed through one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's tests (p≤0.05). RESULTS In both experiments, all fluoride groups, showed significantly less tissue loss compared to the control (p<0.001-p=0.018). During erosion cycling, no significant differences were found among the fluoride groups. During the acid resistance test, the 5000ppm F toothpaste produced significantly superior effect than both 1450ppm F products (p=0.010, (p<0.001), which performed similarly. CONCLUSIONS Under less aggressive erosive conditions, fluoride toothpastes did not differ in their ability to protect dentine surfaces. However, in severely erosive environment, the 5000ppm F toothpaste performed superiorly to the other tested products. Key words:Dentine, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, tooth erosion, toothpaste, contact profilometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Diamanti
- Visiting Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Haroula Koletsi-Kounari
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Mamai-Homata
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Joshi M, Joshi N, Kathariya R, Angadi P, Raikar S. Techniques to Evaluate Dental Erosion: A Systematic Review of Literature. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZE01-ZE07. [PMID: 27891489 PMCID: PMC5121827 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17996.8634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews different techniques for evaluating dental erosion, weighs the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, and presents the latest trends in the study of dental erosion. In May 2014, an initial search was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE database of indexed journals from 1975 to 2013 using the following keywords: dental erosion; dental erosion In-vitro; and dental erosion in-vivo. Bibliographic citations from the papers found were then used to find other useful sources. The authors categorize the techniques into three classes: in-vitro, in-vivo and in-vitro/in-vivo. The article discusses the instrumentation required to use each of these techniques, as well as their rationale, merits and applications. The emergence of in-vitro/in-vivo techniques offers the potential to accurately quantify tooth wear in clinical situations. Cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies show that these techniques will improve diagnosis, treatment planning and management of dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Joshi
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Kathariya
- Lecturer, Department of Periodontology, Dr. DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabhakar Angadi
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Daswani Dental College and Research Centre, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sonal Raikar
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, D.Y. Patil Dental School, Ajeenkya D.Y. Patil University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Bradna P, Vrbova R, Fialova V, Housova D, Gojisova E. Formation of protective deposits by anti-erosive toothpastes-A microscopic study on enamel with artificial defects. SCANNING 2016; 38:380-388. [PMID: 26492940 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated formation of protective deposits on the enamel surface after application of several anti-erosive toothpastes with different active ingredients. NaF-containing Sensodyne Pronamel, SnCl2 /F-based Elmex Erosion Protection and calcium phosphate-based BioRepair Plus Sensitivity Control, SensiShield and Enamel Care toothpastes with claimed anti-erosive properties were tested. Artificial saliva and Elmex Erosion Protection mouth rinse served as control groups. The toothpastes were applied 30 times by a toothbrush for 2 min per day, mouth rinse for 30 s on polished enamel of thirty five human molars (n = 5) with series of five rhomboid-shaped indents of various length prepared by a Knoop indentor. After 15 and 30 applications, the shape of the indents and surface morphology was characterised using light and scanning electron microscopy. At the end of treatment, the samples were exposed to 0.2 wt. % citric acid (pH 3.30) to test resistance of the treated enamel to erosion. Pronounced differences were observed between protective properties of the toothpastes. While Sensodyne Pronamel and BioRepair Plus Sensitivity Control did not produce any protective deposits, Enamel Care formed a compact layer of deposits which protected the enamel surface against erosion. With Elmex Erosion Protection and SensiShield fractured indent edges and scratches on the treated enamel suggested that their abrasive properties prevailed over ability of active ingredients to form deposits. These results revealed that toothpastes with strong potential to form acid-resistant deposits on the enamel surface and of low abrasivity should be used for effective prevention of enamel erosion. SCANNING 38:380-388, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Bradna
- School of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Stomatology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Vrbova
- School of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Fialova
- School of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Devana Housova
- School of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Gojisova
- Department of Stomatology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Magalhães AC, dos Santos MG, Comar LP, Buzalaf MAR, Ganss C, Schlueter N. Effect of a Single Application of TiF4 Varnish versus Daily Use of a Low-Concentrated TiF4/NaF Solution on Tooth Erosion Prevention in vitro. Caries Res 2016; 50:462-470. [DOI: 10.1159/000448146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the isolated and combined effect of a single application of TiF4 or NaF varnish versus daily use of a solution containing a low concentration of TiF4/NaF against tooth erosion in vitro. A total of 90 bovine enamel and 108 root dentin samples were treated as follows: control (no treatment), solution containing TiF4/NaF (500 ppm F-, pH 4.4), NaF varnish (24,500 ppm F-, pH 5.0), TiF4 varnish (24,500 ppm F-, pH 1.0), TiF4 varnish + solution, and NaF varnish + solution. The erosive challenges were performed 4 × 90s/day (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5) and, between them, the samples were immersed in artificial saliva. The tooth loss was measured using contact profilometry (after 7 days for dentin and after 7, 10, and 14 days for enamel). All treatments were effective in reducing tooth loss, except NaF varnish for enamel on day 7 (p < 0.0001). TiF4/NaF solution and TiF4 varnish did not differ with respect to enamel loss for 10 days; thereafter, TiF4 varnish lost its protective effect compared to TiF4/NaF solution. The combination of vehicles was more effective in reducing enamel loss than both varnishes on their own but not compared to the solution. For dentin, TiF4 varnish was more effective than NaF varnish, while TiF4/NaF solution and NaF varnish were similar. The combination of vehicles improved the protective effect only when compared to NaF varnish on its own (p < 0.0001). Both types of TiF4 applications, isolated or combined, were effective against tooth erosion, but some differences in their performance were seen between enamel and dentin.
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Schlueter N, Jung K, Ganss C. Profilometric Quantification of Erosive Tissue Loss in Dentine: A Systematic Evaluation of the Method. Caries Res 2016; 50:443-454. [DOI: 10.1159/000448147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilometry is established in erosion research. However, in the case of dentine, factors such as the demineralised organic matrix, desiccation effects, or type of measuring device may have an impact on the measurement results, which were investigated in the present study. Dentine specimens were eroded with citric acid (1%, pH 2.6) for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min (n = 15 each). For each specimen, tissue loss was determined under various conditions - before/after enzymatic matrix removal, under standardised wet and desiccated (2/10 min) conditions - with non-contact and contact profilometry. In the presence of matrix, under wet conditions, non-contact profilometry revealed almost no tissue loss. Values (mean ± SD) ranged between 0.3 ± 0.7 µm (5 min) and 3.4 ± 1.5 µm (120 min). Contact profilometry increased values significantly (range: 2.9 ± 1.1 to 30.6 ± 5.8 µm). Desiccation (2 min) significantly increased values, except for 5 min of demineralisation, for non-contact profilometry (range: 0.8 ± 1.3 to 22.1 ± 5.5 µm), and decreased values for contact profilometry up to 15 min and increased them as from 90 min (range: 0.9 ± 1.2 to 33.0 ± 5.5 µm); results after 10 min of desiccation were comparable. After the removal of matrix, under wet conditions, values were distinctly higher (non-contact: 3.5 ± 0.8-55.5 ± 7.4 µm; contact: 4.2 ± 1.3-57.8 ± 8.1 µm). Desiccation (10 min) lowered values by about 2-5 µm due to specimen deformation. Bland-Altman comparisons of various outcomes revealed distinct significant proportional and relative biases. Loss of mineralised tissue cannot be adequately quantified in the presence of matrix. Desiccation leads to matrix shrinkage and specimen deformation. Most importantly, tissue loss values obtained in the presence or absence of matrix are not proportional. Therefore, if mineral status is the target criterion, matrix removal and moisture control are prerequisites.
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Lippert F. Mechanistic Observations on the Role of the Stannous Ion in Caries Lesion De- and Remineralization. Caries Res 2016; 50:378-82. [DOI: 10.1159/000446849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two mechanistic, laboratory, factorial design studies were conducted to investigate the effect of the stannous ion (Sn2+) in the absence or presence of fluoride on caries lesion de- and remineralization. Study I was concerned with determining changes in mineral distribution of subsurface lesions, whereas study II investigated changes in surface hardness of surface-softened lesions as a function of pH. Study I showed that Sn2+ modulates the effects of fluoride by preventing lamination. Study II revealed that the effect of Sn2+ on rehardening is pH dependent. Neither study demonstrated synergy between Sn2+ and fluoride, yet interactions were observed. Sn2+ does interfere with remineralization to some extent although it provided acid resistance. The role of Sn2+ in the caries process is complex.
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Umwali A, Askar H, Paris S, Schwendicke F. Radiographic, antibacterial and bond-strength effects of radiopaque caries tagging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27319. [PMID: 27251174 PMCID: PMC4890289 DOI: 10.1038/srep27319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectively excavated carious lesions remain radiographically detectable. Radiopaque tagging could resolve the resulting diagnostic uncertainty. We aimed to evaluate if tagging depends on lesions depths, is antibacterial, or affects dentin bond-strengths. Artificial lesions (depth-range: 152-682 μm, n = 34/group) were induced in human dentin samples, evaluated using wavelength-independent microradiography, treated with one of two tagging materials (70% SnCl2, 30% SnF2) and re-evaluated. To evaluate antimicrobial effects, 40 dentin samples were submitted to a Lactobacillus rhamnosus invasion-model. Infected samples were treated with placebo, 0.2% chlorhexidine, SnCl2, SnF2 (n = 10/group). Dentin was sampled and colony-forming units/mg determined. Micro-tensile bond-strengths of adhesive restorations (OptiBond FL, Filtek Z250) to tagged or untagged, sound and carious dentin were assessed (n = 12/group). Tagged surfaces were evaluated microscopically and via energy-dispersive X-ray-spectroscopy (EDS). Tagging effects of both materials decreased with increasing lesion depths (p < 0.001). Un-/chlorhexidine-treated dentin contained significantly more viable bacteria (median 7.3/3.7 × 10(5) CFU/mg) than tagged dentin (no CFU detectable, p < 0.001). Tagging decreased bond strengths (p < 0.001) on sound (-22%/-33% for SnCl2/SnF2) and carious dentin (-50%/-54%). This might be due to widespread tin chloride or fluoride precipitation, as detected via microscopy and EDS. While radiopaque tagging seems beneficial, an optimized application protocol needs to be developed prior clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Umwali
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14199 Berlin, Germany
| | - Haitham Askar
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14199 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Paris
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14199 Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14199 Berlin, Germany
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