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Christfort JF, Ortis M, Nguyen HV, Marsault R, Doglio A. Centrifugal Microfluidic Cell Culture Platform for Physiologically Relevant Virus Infection Studies: A Case Study with HSV-1 Infection of Periodontal Cells. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:401. [PMID: 39194630 DOI: 10.3390/bios14080401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Static well plates remain the gold standard to study viral infections in vitro, but they cannot accurately mimic dynamic viral infections as they occur in the human body. Therefore, we established a dynamic cell culture platform, based on centrifugal microfluidics, to study viral infections in perfusion. To do so, we used human primary periodontal dental ligament (PDL) cells and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) as a case study. By microscopy, we confirmed that the PDL cells efficiently attached and grew in the chip. Successful dynamic viral infection of perfused PDL cells was monitored using fluorescent imaging and RT-qPCR-based experiments. Remarkably, viral infection in flow resulted in a gradient of HSV-1-infected cells gradually decreasing from the cell culture chamber entrance towards its end. The perfusion of acyclovir in the chip prevented HSV-1 spreading, demonstrating the usefulness of such a platform for monitoring the effects of antiviral drugs. In addition, the innate antiviral response of PDL cells, measured by interferon gene expression, increased significantly over time in conventional static conditions compared to the perfusion model. These results provide evidence suggesting that dynamic viral infections differ from conventional static infections, which highlights the need for more physiologically relevant in vitro models to study viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Fjelrad Christfort
- MICORALIS (E.A. 7354), Faculty of Dental Surgery and Odontology, University Côte d'Azur, 06300 Nice, France
| | - Morgane Ortis
- MICORALIS (E.A. 7354), Faculty of Dental Surgery and Odontology, University Côte d'Azur, 06300 Nice, France
| | - Hau Van Nguyen
- IDUN Centre of Excellence, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Robert Marsault
- MICORALIS (E.A. 7354), Faculty of Dental Surgery and Odontology, University Côte d'Azur, 06300 Nice, France
| | - Alain Doglio
- MICORALIS (E.A. 7354), Faculty of Dental Surgery and Odontology, University Côte d'Azur, 06300 Nice, France
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2
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Kardaras G, Christodorescu R, Boariu M, Rusu D, Belova A, Chinnici S, Vela O, Radulescu V, Boia S, Stratul SI. A Low-Cost Protocol Using the Adjunctive Action of Povidone-Iodine Irrigations and Sodium Hypochlorite Rinsing Solution in Step 2 of Periodontal Therapy for Patients with Stage III-IV Periodontitis: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:144. [PMID: 38786542 PMCID: PMC11119210 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In severe stages of periodontitis, conventional periodontal therapy and maintenance care are usually insufficient due to the viral and bacterial etiology; thus, a mechanical approach alone may not be sufficient to eliminate a substantial portion of subgingival pathogens, especially in deep periodontal sites. Background and Objectives: This single-blind, randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the clinical and microbiological efficacy of a low-cost protocol using povidone-iodine and sodium hypochlorite formulations as adjuncts to non-surgical therapy for patients with stage IV periodontitis when compared with chlorhexidine, the most commonly employed substance to date for antimicrobial regimens in periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients were randomly divided into two groups: control (subgingival instrumentation, chlorhexidine-assisted) and test (antiviral medication, subgingival instrumentation with povidone-iodine, sodium hypochlorite rinsing solution, and antibiotics). Clinical measurements and microbiological analyses were performed at baseline and after three months. Results: After three months, notable differences were found in the bacterial detection scores for Porphyromonas gingivalis (a significant reduction in detection frequency was observed in the test compared to the control (p = 0.021)), and there were significant reductions in detection in the test group for Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola, showing undetectable levels (p < 0.0001 for both). In the test group, the pocket probing depth median value was reduced significantly (p = 0.0005); similarly, bleeding on probing showed a marked decrease (p < 0.0001). However, changes in clinical attachment loss and full-mouth plaque score were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Using the proposed protocol, substantial improvements in clinical and microbiological parameters were obtained when compared with the current antimicrobial recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kardaras
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Ruxandra Christodorescu
- Department V Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Marius Boariu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, TADERP Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Darian Rusu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Alla Belova
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Salvatore Chinnici
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Octavia Vela
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Viorelia Radulescu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Simina Boia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
| | - Stefan-Ioan Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (G.K.); (D.R.); (A.B.); (S.C.); (O.V.); (V.R.); (S.B.); (S.-I.S.)
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Baker JL, Mark Welch JL, Kauffman KM, McLean JS, He X. The oral microbiome: diversity, biogeography and human health. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:89-104. [PMID: 37700024 PMCID: PMC11084736 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The human oral microbiota is highly diverse and has a complex ecology, comprising bacteria, microeukaryotes, archaea and viruses. These communities have elaborate and highly structured biogeography that shapes metabolic exchange on a local scale and results from the diverse microenvironments present in the oral cavity. The oral microbiota also interfaces with the immune system of the human host and has an important role in not only the health of the oral cavity but also systemic health. In this Review, we highlight recent advances including novel insights into the biogeography of several oral niches at the species level, as well as the ecological role of candidate phyla radiation bacteria and non-bacterial members of the oral microbiome. In addition, we summarize the relationship between the oral microbiota and the pathology of oral diseases and systemic diseases. Together, these advances move the field towards a more holistic understanding of the oral microbiota and its role in health, which in turn opens the door to the study of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon L Baker
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Mark Welch
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Xuesong He
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Neves VCM, Satie Okajima L, Elbahtety E, Joseph S, Daly J, Menon A, Fan D, Volkyte A, Mainas G, Fung K, Dhami P, Pelegrine AA, Sharpe P, Nibali L, Ide M. Repurposing Metformin for periodontal disease management as a form of oral-systemic preventive medicine. J Transl Med 2023; 21:655. [PMID: 37814261 PMCID: PMC10563330 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the improvements in treatment over the last decades, periodontal disease (PD) affects millions of people around the world and the only treatment available is based on controlling microbial load. Diabetes is known to increase the risk of PD establishment and progression, and recently, glucose metabolism modulation by pharmaceutical or dietarian means has been emphasised as a significant modulator of non-communicable disease development. METHODS The impact of pharmaceutically controlling glucose metabolism in non-diabetic animals and humans (REBEC, UTN code: U1111-1276-1942) was investigated by repurposing Metformin, as a mean to manage periodontal disease and its associated systemic risk factors. RESULTS We found that glucose metabolism control via use of Metformin aimed at PD management resulted in significant prevention of bone loss during induced periodontal disease and age-related bone loss in vivo. Metformin also influenced the bacterial species present in the oral environment and impacted the metabolic epithelial and stromal responses to bacterial dysbiosis at a single cell level. Systemically, Metformin controlled blood glucose levels and age-related weight gain when used long-term. Translationally, our pilot randomized control trial indicated that systemic Metformin was safe to use in non-diabetic patients and affected the periodontal tissues. During the medication window, patients showed stable levels of systemic blood glucose, lower circulating hsCRP and lower insulin levels after periodontal treatment when compared to placebo. Finally, patients treated with Metformin had improved periodontal parameters when compared to placebo treated patients. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that systemic interventions using Metformin in non-diabetic individuals aimed at PD prevention have oral-systemic effects constituting a possible novel form of preventive medicine for oral-systemic disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor C M Neves
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK.
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Luciana Satie Okajima
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eyad Elbahtety
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Joseph
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Daly
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Athul Menon
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Di Fan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ayste Volkyte
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mainas
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kathy Fung
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pawan Dhami
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andre A Pelegrine
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Ide
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, FoDOCS, King's College London, London, UK
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Savoia P, Azzimonti B, Rolla R, Zavattaro E. Role of the Microbiota in Skin Neoplasms: New Therapeutic Horizons. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2386. [PMID: 37894044 PMCID: PMC10608979 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin and the gut are regularly colonized by a variety of microorganisms capable of interacting with the immune system through their metabolites and influencing the balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. Alterations in the composition and diversity of the skin microbiota have been described in various cutaneous diseases, including skin cancer, and the actual function of the human microbiota in skin carcinogenesis, such as in progression and metastasis, is currently an active area of research. The role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is well consolidated, especially in chronically immunosuppressed patients. Furthermore, an imbalance between Staphylococcus spp., such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and aureus, has been found to be strongly related to the progression from actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma and differently associated with various stages of the diseases in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients. Also, in melanoma patients, differences in microbiota have been related to dissimilar disease course and prognosis and may affect the effectiveness and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which currently represent one of the best chances of a cure. From this point of view, acting on microbiota can be considered a possible therapeutic option for patients with advanced skin cancers, even if several issues are still open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Science, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (B.A.); (R.R.); (E.Z.)
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Rezazadeh F, Shojaei R, Jamalidoust M, Khosropanah H, Tabesh A, Tayebi khorami E. Effect of periodontal surgery on the salivary Herpes simplex virus-1 levels-a pilot study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:482-485. [PMID: 37293582 PMCID: PMC10245326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are one of the most important groups of human pathogenic viruses. The prominent characteristic of this virus is latency and the ability to reactivate. One of the possible factors for reactivation of this virus is dental procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary level of Herpes simplex viruses, before and after periodontal (crown lengthening) surgery and its relation with age and sex. Materials and methods 30 HSV seropositive patients, who needed the crown lengthening surgery and accepted to cooperate in this research, were included as experimental group of this study. Unstimulated Saliva samples of the patients were collected in 1.5 ml micro-tubes, before and 24 h after the surgery, and were analyzed by Premix EX taq probe qpcr, using PCR real-time method. Results No significant statistical differences were observed in the salivary level of HSV before and after crown lengthening procedure (p = 0.18). However, the level of HSV in saliva after surgery was significantly higher than its level before surgery in women as compared to men (p = 0.003). The differences in virus level did not have any significant relationship with patients' age (p = 0.9). Conclusion It seems that periodontal (crown lengthening) surgery does not affect the level of HSV in saliva yet, but it could be one of the stimulators of increased HSV level after surgery in women as compared to men; but age does not play an important role in changes of level of virus before and after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Rezazadeh
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rana Shojaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jamalidoust
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hengameh Khosropanah
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tabesh
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Tayebi khorami
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ha YE, Ju So Y, Im J, Yun CH, Park JC, Hyun Han S. TLR3 recognition of viral double-stranded RNA in human dental pulp cells is important for the innate immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110161. [PMID: 37060811 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries or trauma can expose human dental pulp cells (DPCs) to various oral microorganisms, which play an important role in the development of an innate immune response. In the present study, we examined the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for sensing microbe-associated molecular patterns in human DPCs. Interestingly, real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that TLR3 is the most highly expressed among 10 different TLRs in human DPCs. Poly(I:C), a representative TLR3 ligand mimicking viral double-stranded RNA, potently induced IL-8 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Concordantly, poly(I:C) treatment substantially increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-6, CCL2, and CXCL10. Human DPCs transfected with TLR3 siRNA exhibited decreased IL-8 production compared with non-targeting siRNA-transfected cells, suggesting that the expression of poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory cytokines is dependent on TLR3. IL-8 secretion induced by poly(I:C) was down-regulated by MAP kinase inhibitors, indicating that the MAP kinase pathway contributes to IL-8 production. Furthermore, C/EBPβ and NF-κB were essential transcriptional factors for poly(I:C)-induced IL-8 expression, as demonstrated by the transient transfection and reporter gene assay. Since lipoproteins are known as major immunostimulatory components of bacteria, human DPCs were treated with poly(I:C) together with Pam2CSK4, a synthetic lipopeptide mimicking bacterial lipoproteins. Pam2CSK4 and poly(I:C) co-treatment synergistically increased IL-8 production in comparison to Pam2CSK4 or poly(I:C) alone, implying that co-infection of viruses and bacteria can synergistically induce inflammatory responses in the dental pulp. Taken together, these results suggest that human DPCs potentially sense and respond to viral double-stranded RNAs, leading to effective induction of innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Ha
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ju So
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintaek Im
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Culture-independent nucleic acid technologies have been extensively applied to the analysis of oral bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased conditions. These methods have confirmed and substantially expanded the findings from culture studies to reveal the oral microbial inhabitants and candidate pathogens associated with the major oral diseases. Over 1000 bacterial distinct species-level taxa have been identified in the oral cavity and studies using next-generation DNA sequencing approaches indicate that the breadth of bacterial diversity is even much larger. Nucleic acid technologies have also been helpful in profiling bacterial communities and identifying disease-related patterns. This chapter provides an overview of the diversity and taxonomy of oral bacteria associated with health and disease.
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Dai L, Lu YC, Chen J, Plaisance-Bonstaff K, Mu S, Forrest JC, Whitby D, Post SR, Qin Z. Oral Shedding of an Oncogenic Virus Alters the Oral Microbiome in HIV+ Patients. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:882520. [PMID: 35516440 PMCID: PMC9063630 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.882520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) continues to be the most common AIDS-associated tumor. Involvement of the oral cavity represents one of the most common clinical manifestations of this tumor. Numerous types of cancer are associated with the alterations of in components of the microbiome. However, little is known about how KSHV coinfection affects the oral microbiome in HIV+ patients, especially in a "pre-cancer" niche. Using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, we found that oral shedding of KSHV correlated with altered oral microbiome signatures in HIV+ patients, including a reduction in the microbiota diversity, changing the relative composition of specific phyla and species, and regulating microbial functions. Furthermore, we found that Streptococcus sp., one of the most increased species in the oral cavity of HIV+/KSHV+ patients, induced KSHV lytic reactivation in primary oral cells. Together, these data indicate that oral shedding of KSHV may manipulate the oral microbiome to promote viral pathogenesis and tumorigenesis especially in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Yong-Chen Lu
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jungang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - J. Craig Forrest
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Steven R. Post
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Hajishengallis G, Li X, Divaris K, Chavakis T. Maladaptive trained immunity and clonal hematopoiesis as potential mechanistic links between periodontitis and inflammatory comorbidities. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:215-230. [PMID: 35244943 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is bidirectionally associated with systemic inflammatory disorders. The prevalence and severity of this oral disease and linked comorbidities increases with aging. Here, we review two newly emerged concepts, trained innate immunity (TII) and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), which together support a potential hypothesis on how periodontitis affects and is affected by comorbidities and why the susceptibility to periodontitis and comorbidities increases with aging. Given that chronic diseases are largely triggered by the action of inflammatory immune cells, modulation of their bone marrow precursors, the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), may affect multiple disorders that emerge as comorbidities. Such alterations in HSPCs can be mediated by TII and/or CHIP, two non-mutually exclusive processes sharing a bias for enhanced myelopoiesis and production of innate immune cells with heightened proinflammatory potential. TII is a state of elevated immune responsiveness based on innate immune (epigenetic) memory. Systemic inflammation can initiate TII in the bone marrow via sustained rewiring of HSPCs, which thereby display a skewing toward the myeloid lineage, resulting in generation of hyper-reactive or "trained" myeloid cells. CHIP arises from aging-related somatic mutations in HSPCs, which confer a survival and proliferation advantage to the mutant HSPCs and give rise to an outsized fraction of hyper-inflammatory mutant myeloid cells in the circulation and tissues. This review discusses emerging evidence that supports the notion that TII and CHIP may underlie a causal and age-related association between periodontitis and comorbidities. A holistic mechanistic understanding of the periodontitis-systemic disease connection may offer novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for treating inflammatory comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Division of Pediatrics and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Jaago M, Pupina N, Rähni A, Pihlak A, Sadam H, Vrana NE, Sinisalo J, Pussinen P, Palm K. Antibody response to oral biofilm is a biomarker for acute coronary syndrome in periodontal disease. Commun Biol 2022; 5:205. [PMID: 35246599 PMCID: PMC8897497 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence over the last decades have supported the role of gum infections as a risk for future major cardiovascular events. The precise mechanism connecting coronary artery disease (CAD) with periodontal findings has remained elusive. Here, we employ next generation phage display mimotope-variation analysis (MVA) to identify the features of dysfunctional immune system that associate CAD with periodontitis. We identify a fine molecular description of the antigenic epitope repertoires of CAD and its most severe form - acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by profiling the antibody reactivity in a patient cohort with invasive heart examination and complete clinical oral assessment. Specifically, we identify a strong immune response to an EBV VP26 epitope mimicking multiple antigens of oral biofilm as a biomarker for the no-CAD group. With a 2-step biomarker test, we stratify subjects with periodontitis from healthy controls (balanced accuracy 84%), and then assess the risk for ACS with sensitivity 71-89% and specificity 67-100%, depending on the oral health status. Our findings highlight the importance of resolving the immune mechanisms related to severe heart conditions such as ACS in the background of oral health. Prospective validation of these findings will support incorporation of these non-invasive biomarkers into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariliis Jaago
- Protobios Llc, Mäealuse 4, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Annika Rähni
- Protobios Llc, Mäealuse 4, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Arno Pihlak
- Protobios Llc, Mäealuse 4, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Helle Sadam
- Protobios Llc, Mäealuse 4, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- Spartha Medical, 14B Rue de la Canardiere, 67100, Strasbourg, France
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaia Palm
- Protobios Llc, Mäealuse 4, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia. .,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
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12
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Teles F, Collman RG, Mominkhan D, Wang Y. Viruses, periodontitis, and comorbidities. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:190-206. [PMID: 35244970 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seminal studies published in the 1990s and 2000s explored connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions, revealing potential contributions of periodontal diseases in the initiation or worsening of systemic conditions. The resulting field of periodontal medicine led to the publication of studies indicating that periodontal diseases can influence the risk of systemic conditions, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as Alzheimer disease and cancers. In general, these studies hypothesized that the periodontal bacterial insult and/or the associated proinflammatory cascade could contribute to the pathogenesis of these systemic diseases. While investigations of the biological basis of the connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions generally emphasized the bacteriome, it is also biologically plausible, under an analogous hypothesis, that other types of organisms may have a similar role. Human viruses would be logical "suspects" in this role, given their ubiquity in the oral cavity, association with periodontal diseases, and ability to elicit strong inflammatory response, compromise immune responses, and synergize with bacteria in favor of a more pathogenic microbial consortium. In this review, the current knowledge of the role of viruses in connecting periodontal diseases and systemic conditions is examined. We will also delve into the mechanistic basis for such connections and highlight the importance of those relationships in the management and treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Teles
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine & School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dana Mominkhan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Herpesviruses in Periodontitis: An Umbrella Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:139-155. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Cai W, Marouf N, Said KN, Tamimi F. Nature of the Interplay Between Periodontal Diseases and COVID-19. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.735126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mostly a mild condition, however, in some patients, it could progress into a severe and even fatal disease. Recent studies have shown that COVID-19 infection and severity could be associated with the presence of periodontitis, one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. This association could be explained by the fact that periodontitis and COVID-19 share some common risk factors that included chronic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension as well as conditions such as age, sex, and genetic variants. Another possible explanation could be the systemic inflammation and the aspiration of periodontopathogens seen in patients with periodontitis, which could have a synergism with the virus or compromise the reaction of the body against COVID-19. This narrative review explores the nature of these associations, the evidence behind them, and their implications.
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15
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Luan X, Zhou X, Fallah P, Pandya M, Lyu H, Foyle D, Burch D, Diekwisch TGH. MicroRNAs: Harbingers and shapers of periodontal inflammation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:85-98. [PMID: 34120836 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory reaction of the periodontal tissues to oral pathogens. In the present review we discuss the intricate effects of a regulatory network of gene expression modulators, microRNAs (miRNAs), as they affect periodontal morphology, function and gene expression during periodontal disease. These miRNAs are small RNAs involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation and affect all stages of periodontal disease, from the earliest signs of gingivitis to the regulation of periodontal homeostasis and immunity and to the involvement in periodontal tissue destruction. MiRNAs coordinate periodontal disease progression not only directly but also through long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have been demonstrated to act as endogenous sponges or decoys that regulate the expression and function of miRNAs, and which in turn suppress the targeting of mRNAs involved in the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. While the integrity of miRNA function is essential for periodontal health and immunity, miRNA sequence variations (genetic polymorphisms) contribute toward an enhanced risk for periodontal disease progression and severity. Several polymorphisms in miRNA genes have been linked to an increased risk of periodontitis, and among those, miR-146a, miR-196, and miR-499 polymorphisms have been identified as risk factors for periodontal disease. The role of miRNAs in periodontal disease progression is not limited to the host tissues but also extends to the viruses that reside in periodontal lesions, such as herpesviruses (human herpesvirus, HHV). In advanced periodontal lesions, HHV infections result in the release of cytokines from periodontal tissues and impair antibacterial immune mechanisms that promote bacterial overgrowth. In turn, controlling the exacerbation of periodontal disease by minimizing the effect of periodontal HHV in periodontal lesions may provide novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. In summary, this review highlights multiple levels of miRNA-mediated control of periodontal disease progression, (i) through their role in periodontal inflammation and the dysregulation of homeostasis, (ii) as a regulatory target of lncRNAs, (iii) by contributing toward periodontal disease susceptibility through miRNA polymorphism, and (iv) as periodontal microflora modulators via viral miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Luan
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, 75246 Dallas, TX USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pooria Fallah
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, 75246 Dallas, TX USA
| | - Mirali Pandya
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, 75246 Dallas, TX USA
| | - Huling Lyu
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, 75246 Dallas, TX USA; Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Deborah Foyle
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, 75246 Dallas, TX USA
| | - Dan Burch
- Department of Pedodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, 75246 Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas G H Diekwisch
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, 75246 Dallas, TX USA.
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16
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Gomes SC, Fachin S, da Fonseca JG, Angst PDM, Lamers ML, da Silva ISB, Nunes LN. Dental biofilm of symptomatic COVID-19 patients harbours SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:880-885. [PMID: 33899251 PMCID: PMC8251434 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA has been recovered from different sites in the human body, including the mouth. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in the dental biofilm of symptomatic patients who tested positive in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NASO/ORO) samples. Materials & Methods An observational clinical study of individuals with flu‐like symptoms was conducted between July and September 2020. Dental biofilm (BIO) samples were collected and analysed using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) to determine the virus's presence. Results Seventy participants (40 ± 9.8 years of age, 71.4% female) tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in NASO/ORO samples and were included in the study. Among them, 13 tested positive in BIO samples (18.6%; 95% CI: [9.5, 27.7]). The median and interquartile range of cycle quantification (Cq) for NASO/ORO and BIO samples were 15.9 [6.9] and 35.9 [4.0] (p = .001), respectively. BIO‐positive participants showed a higher virus load in NASO/ORO samples (p = .012) than those testing negative (Cq = 20.4 [6.1]). Conclusions Dental biofilms from symptomatic COVID‐19 patients harbour SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and might be a potential reservoir with an essential role in COVID‐19 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Carvalho Gomes
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Fachin
- Resident in Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Daniela Melchiors Angst
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ilma Simoni Brum da Silva
- Department of Physiology, Basic Health Science Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Neves Nunes
- Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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17
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Shigeishi H, Sugiyama M, Ohta K. Relationship between the prevalence of oral human papillomavirus DNA and periodontal disease (Review). Biomed Rep 2021; 14:40. [PMID: 33728046 PMCID: PMC7953200 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small DNA virus that infects the basal keratinocytes of squamous epithelium in the skin, and in the oral and genital mucosa. Smoking and sexual behavior have been recognized as significant risk factors for oral HPV infection. In the present review, the findings of recent studies of oral HPV infection in relation to periodontitis are discussed, as well as periodontopathic bacteria and periodontal herpes virus. Previous research suggests that HPV localizes to the inflammatory periodontal tissue. Inflammatory periodontal pockets may thus act as a reservoir for HPV. The interactions between HPV and periodontopathic bacteria remain unclear, but it is hypothesized that oral HPV infection may be related to a characteristic oral microbiome. Smoking is associated with HPV and periodontitis, as smoking induces destruction of periodontal tissue and suppresses the host defense, allowing HPV to infect periodontal tissue. Carcinogenic HPV and periodontitis may lead to the development of oral cavity cancer. However, oral HPV E6/E7 expression (transcriptionally active HPV) has not yet been fully investigated in patients with periodontitis. Collectively, the evidence suggests that oral HPV prevalence may be associated with periodontitis. The effect of clinical factors (age, sex, smoking, immunosuppressive condition and vaccination) on oral HPV DNA prevalence should be considered when clarifying the relationship between oral HPV and periodontitis. Additionally, the sampling method should be carefully chosen to directly detect HPV DNA in periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masaru Sugiyama
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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18
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Zou H, Zhou N, Huang Y, Luo A, Sun J. Phenotypes, roles, and modulation of regulatory lymphocytes in periodontitis and its associated systemic diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:451-467. [PMID: 33884656 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3vmr0321-027rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that can result in tooth loss and poses a risk to systemic health. Lymphocytes play important roles in periodontitis through multiple mechanisms. Regulatory lymphocytes including regulatory B cells (Bregs) and T cells (Tregs) are the main immunosuppressive cells that maintain immune homeostasis, and are critical to our understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the development of effective treatments. In this review, we discuss the phenotypes, roles, and modulating strategies of regulatory lymphocytes including Bregs and Tregs in periodontitis and frequently cooccurring inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer disease, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. The current evidence suggests that restoring immune balance through therapeutic targeting of regulatory lymphocytes is a promising strategy for the treatment of periodontitis and other systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilian Huang
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aoxiang Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Feng X, Chen X, Zhang W. Redondoviridae and periodontitis: a case–control study and identification of five novel redondoviruses from periodontal tissues. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab033. [PMID: 35186324 PMCID: PMC8088815 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Redondoviridae is a family of DNA viruses recently identified in the human oro-respiratory tract. However, the characteristics of this new virus family are not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between redondoviruses and chronic periodontitis. In addition, the complete circular genome, phylogenetic relationship, and biological characteristics of novel redondoviruses were analyzed. The gingival tissues of healthy individuals (n = 120) and periodontitis patients (n = 120) were analyzed using nested polymerase chain reaction assays. The prevalence of redondovirus infection in the periodontitis group was 71.67%. Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between redondoviruses and chronic periodontitis after controlling the confounding factors (odds ratio = 2.53). Five novel redondoviruses, named ‘human periodontal circular-like virus (HPeCV)’, were identified in patients with periodontitis and detailed genetic analysis of the viruses was performed. The 3,035–3,056 bp genome contained a capsid protein, a replication-associated protein, an open reading frame 3 protein, and a stem-loop structure. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that HPeCV-1, HPeCV-10, and HPeCV-25 formed a cluster. Recombination may be common in the genomes of HPeCVs. Potential antigenic epitopes in the capsid protein, which may be involved in the host immune response, were predicted. In conclusion, periodontitis patients had a significantly higher prevalence of redondoviruses than healthy controls. Genetic characterization enhanced the current understanding of the genetic diversity and pathogenicity of redondoviruses as well as their association with periodontitis in humans. The data presented in this article will expand the current understanding of the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity of redondoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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20
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Hajishengallis G, Lamont RJ. Polymicrobial communities in periodontal disease: Their quasi-organismal nature and dialogue with the host. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:210-230. [PMID: 33690950 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In health, indigenous polymicrobial communities at mucosal surfaces maintain an ecological balance via both inter-microbial and host-microbial interactions that promote their own and the host's fitness, while preventing invasion by exogenous pathogens. However, genetic and acquired destabilizing factors (including immune deficiencies, immunoregulatory defects, smoking, diet, obesity, diabetes and other systemic diseases, and aging) may disrupt this homeostatic balance, leading to selective outgrowth of species with the potential for destructive inflammation. This process, known as dysbiosis, underlies the development of periodontitis in susceptible hosts. The pathogenic process is not linear but involves a positive-feedback loop between dysbiosis and the host inflammatory response. The dysbiotic community is essentially a quasi-organismal entity, where constituent organisms communicate via sophisticated physical and chemical signals and display functional specialization (eg, accessory pathogens, keystone pathogens, pathobionts), which enables polymicrobial synergy and dictates the community's pathogenic potential or nososymbiocity. In this review, we discuss early and recent studies in support of the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model of periodontal disease pathogenesis. According to this concept, disease is not caused by individual "causative pathogens" but rather by reciprocally reinforced interactions between physically and metabolically integrated polymicrobial communities and a dysregulated host inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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21
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Abooj J, Varma SA. Prevalence of herpes virus in chronic periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A clinico-microbiological study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:141-146. [PMID: 34349425 PMCID: PMC8272489 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_154_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Unfavorable modifications of tooth and its surrounding structures result in periodontal complications. Viruses, in specific herpes virus, are known to increase disease severity in periodontal patients. Periodontitis is known to be more established in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients. Hence, the detection of the viral load, its effect on the prevalence of periodontitis and the glycemic control status of patients are to be evidenced. The study aimed to reveal the association of herpes virus with periodontal parameters and its prevalence in DM2 patients. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study involved a total of 120 patients falling into three groups; Group I (healthy), Group II (periodontitis without DM2) and Group III (periodontitis with DM2) were subjected for sampling. Subgingival samples of periodontitis patients were tested for clinical parameters, and DNA extraction was performed. The presence of herpes virus (Epstein–Barr virus [EBV-1] and human Cytomegalovirus [HCMV]) was detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction primers. Glycemic status of patients was recorded as glycosylated hemoglobin and scored accordingly. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the association between the categorical variables, and t-test/Mann–Whitney U-test/analysis of variance/Kruskal–Wallis test was used for continuous data. Results: Significant levels of EBV-1 were detected in Group III (n = 21, 52.5%), followed by Group II (n = 16, 40%) and Group I (n = 2, 5%) (P < 0.0001). HCMV was not detected. A significant association of EBV-1 to periodontal site-specific parameters was observed in Group II patients (P < 0.05). EBV-1 was predominant with poor glycemic status patients. Conclusion: This study revealed that the incidence of herpes virus infection in periodontal patients was higher in diabetic patients and the examined patients were prone to EBV-1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Abooj
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences "Deemed to be University," Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhartha A Varma
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences "Deemed to be University," Karad, Maharashtra, India
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22
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Costa ALF, Santos BA, Torregrossa VR, Miranda ECM, Vigorito AC, Palmieri M, Ricardo ALF, Sarmento DJS, Mamana AC, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Correa MEP, Braz-Silva PH. Oral shedding of CMV and HSV-1 in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1572-1579. [PMID: 33085827 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the oral shedding of herpesviruses in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and correlate it with oral mucositis (OM). METHODS Saliva samples were collected before the HSCT and on day D + 8. Multiplex Polymerse Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Variella-zoster virus (VZV), and human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. OM was assessed according to WHO criteria. RESULTS Thirty one patients were enrolled, in which 20 of 31 (64.5%) were males; median age was 50 (21-70) years; 16 of 31 (51.6%) underwent allo-HSCT; and 15 of 31 (48.4%) underwent auto-HSCT. On D + 8, OM grades III and IV were observed in 8 of 31 (25.8%) patients. In the first salivary collection, EBV was found in 24 of 31 (77.4%), followed by HHV-6 (7/31, 22.6%) and HHV-7 (8/31 25.8%). In the second collection, EBV was found in 24 of 27(89%), followed by HSV-1 (8/27, 30%) and CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-7 (5/27, 18.5%, each one). On D + 8, OM grades II and IV were associated with the presence of HSV-1. HSV-1 was also associated with worsening degrees of OM on D + 15. CONCLUSION The presence of HSV-1 and CMV in oral samples was more frequent on day D + 8 after HSCT. HSV-1 detection was associated with severity and worsening of OM. HSV-1 and CMV seem to be associated with oral dysbiosis due to HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre L F Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro Do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna A Santos
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana C M Miranda
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Afonso C Vigorito
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L F Ricardo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro Do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dmitry J S Sarmento
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Araruna, Brazil
| | - Ana C Mamana
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52), Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania R Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52), Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Elvira P Correa
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52), Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Kamer AR, Craig RG, Niederman R, Fortea J, de Leon MJ. Periodontal disease as a possible cause for Alzheimer's disease. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:242-271. [PMID: 32385876 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 47 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with dementia, 60%-80% of whom have dementia of the Alzheimer's disease type. Unfortunately, there is no cure in sight. Defining modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease may have a significant impact on its prevalence. An increasing body of evidence suggests that chronic inflammation and microbial dysbiosis are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that develops in response to response to microbial dysbiosis. Many studies have shown an association between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease. The intent of this paper was to review the existing literature and determine, using the Bradford Hill criteria, whether periodontal disease is causally related to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald G Craig
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard Niederman
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Fortea
- Alzheimer Down Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain.,Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mony J de Leon
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Dai L, Qiao J, Yin J, Goldstein A, Lin HY, Post SR, Qin Z. Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection in Oral Cavities of HIV-Positive Patients: A Unique Niche for Oncogenic Virus Lytic Reactivation. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:1331-1341. [PMID: 31111897 PMCID: PMC7325796 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Collectively, viruses are the principal cause of cancers arising in patients with immune dysfunction, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) etiologically linked to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) continues to be the most common AIDS-associated tumor. The involvement of the oral cavity represents one of the most common clinical manifestations of this tumor. HIV infection incurs an increased risk among individuals with periodontal diseases and oral carriage of a variety of pathogenic bacteria. However, whether interactions involving periodontal bacteria and oncogenic viruses in the local environment facilitate replication or maintenance of these viruses in the oral cavity of HIV-positive patients remain largely unknown. We previously showed that pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from specific periodontal bacteria promoted KSHV entry into oral cells and subsequent establishment of latency. In the current study, we demonstrate that Staphylococcus aureus, one of common pathogens causing infection in HIV-positive patients, and its PAMPs can effectively induce KSHV lytic reactivation from infected oral cells, through the Toll-like receptor reactive oxygen species and cyclin D1-Dicer-viral microRNA axis. This investigation provides further clinical evidence about the relevance of coinfection due to these 2 pathogens in the oral cavities of a cohort HIV-positive patients and reveals novel mechanisms through which these coinfecting pathogens potentially promote virus-associated cancer development in the unique niche of immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Alana Goldstein
- Departments of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, New Orleans
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Steven R Post
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
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25
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Singhal R, Jain A, Rastogi P. Prevalence of herpesviruses in periodontal disease of the North Indian population: A pilot study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2020; 24:163-166. [PMID: 32189845 PMCID: PMC7069115 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_62_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease of diverse microbiome, predominantly bacterial. Bacterial infection alone may not explain complete pathophysiology and clinical variations in disease pattern. Concept of herpesviruses playing a significant role in periodontal pathogenesis has been explored globally. Studies show varied results and difference may be accounted to variations existing in studied populations. The present study explored the prevalence of herpesviruses in periodontal disease of the North Indian population. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, tissue samples were collected from the normal gingiva (control: n = 48) and deepest pocket (cases: n = 48) using a single curette stroke. Periodontal disease status was assessed through the gingival index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level which were compared to viral marker positivity. Results: Ninety samples from 48 healthy gingiva and 48 periodontitis patients were assessed between the age range of 17–60 years. The prevalence of cytomegalovirus was 2.083% (cases) and 2.083% (controls) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was 18.75% (cases) and 0% (controls). Odd's ratio for EBV in patients with periodontitis is calculated (Haldane–Anscombe correction) to be 21.82%. Herpes simplex virus 1/2 and varicella-zoster virus were absent in both groups. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, EBV was found in cases of periodontitis patients. Its role in disease initiation and progression is not clear. Further studies are required to ascertain EBV as risk factor in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwari Singhal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pavitra Rastogi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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26
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Pallos D, Ruivo GF, Ferrari-Junior SH, Pannuti CS, Perozini C, Sarmento DJS, Palmieri M, Souza ACMF, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Doglio A, Braz-Silva PH. Periodontal disease and detection of human herpesviruses in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of chronic kidney disease patients. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1139-1147. [PMID: 32012280 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have inability to maintain the normal levels of protein metabolism products, blood pressure and hematocrit. Periodontal disease involves an inflammatory destructive process. Identification of opportunistic viruses is extremely important as they are associated with co-morbidities. The objective of this study was to analyse the presence of human herpesviruses in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with CKD. METHODS One hundred and thirty one individuals were divided depending on the stage of CKD: Group 1 (clearance of creatinine > 75 mL/min) patients with no renal disease (n = 24); Group 2 (clearance of creatinine of 11-75 mL/min) patients with renal disease (n = 67); Group 3 (clearance of creatinine < 10 mL/min) patients on hemodialysis (n = 40). The parameters of periodontal disease were evaluated. The viral detection was assessed by PCR. RESULTS considering the three groups, the prevalence of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) were 9% in saliva and 5% in GCF; Epstein-Barr virus 36% in saliva and 39% in GCF; human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) 11% in GCF; varicella zoster virus 6% in saliva and 3% in GCF; of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) 6% in saliva and 2% in GCF; and HHV-7 44% in saliva and 8% in GCF. Of these patients, 46.48% presented with severe periodontitis. A statistically significant association between HSV-1 and HCMV was found in hemodialysis patients and severe periodontitis was also more frequent among them. CONCLUSION These findings show the importance of evaluating the periodontal disease and detecting herpesviruses in patients with CKD as the inflammatory process observed in these clinical conditions may worsen the course of both periodontal disease and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Pallos
- Department of Dentistry, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson F Ruivo
- Department of Medicine, University of Taubate, Taubate, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio S Pannuti
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Perozini
- Department of Medicine, University of Taubate, Taubate, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dmitry J S Sarmento
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C M F Souza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania R Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alain Doglio
- Laboratory MICORALIS (Microbiologie Orale, Immunité et Santé) School of Dentistry, University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Paulo H Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Miranda-Silva W, Knebel FH, Tozetto-Mendozo TR, Palmieri M, da Fonseca FP, Camargo AA, Braz-Silva PH, Fregnani ER. Herpesviruses in the oral cavity of patients subjected to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and its relationship with oral mucositis. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3597-3608. [PMID: 32036434 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to characterise oral shedding of herpesviruses in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and to investigate its relationship with oral mucositis (OM). MATERIALS AND METHODS PCR and enzymatic digestion were conducted to identify oral shedding of herpesviruses and its correlation with OM development in 31 patients. The samples were collected at three sites in the oral cavity and at 5 times during follow-up; two additional collections were made from patients who developed ulcerative OM. RESULTS HSV-1, EBV, CMV, HHV-6A, HHV-6B, and HHV-7 were detected in 4.97%, 16.02%, 4.41%, 2.20%, 3.31%, and 68% of the oral mucosal samples, respectively; 4.41%, 16.57%, 5.52%, 2.20%, 5.52%, and 63.53% of supragingival samples, respectively, and 4.41%, 18.23%, 2.76%, 1.65%, 2.75%, and 35.91% of subgingival samples, respectively. OM was diagnosed in 13 patients. The presence of HHV-7 in C1 (oral mucosa: p = 0.032) and C2 (supragingival: p = 0.009; subgingival: p = 0.002) was significantly increased in patients who developed OM, and patients exhibiting HHV-7 shedding in the oral cavity were 3.32-fold more likely to develop OM. CONCLUSIONS Patients who developed OM showed higher HHV-7 shedding in the oral cavity at nadir (immediately prior to OM development), suggesting modifications to the inflammatory microenvironment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE HHV-7 may be involved in oral dysbiosis in HSCT-related OM; enhanced understanding of its role in the pathogenesis of OM may lead to the development of strategies for managing and preventing this common side effect of alloHSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Miranda-Silva
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital Sírio Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 91-Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva da Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rodrigues Fregnani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital Sírio Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 91-Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Armitage GC. A brief history of periodontics in the United States of America: Pioneers and thought-leaders of the past, and current challenges. Periodontol 2000 2019; 82:12-25. [PMID: 31850629 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes historical events in periodontology in the United States over the past 200 years. The contributions of some of the key thought-leaders of the past are highlighted. Throughout the 20th century, the evolution of thought, leading to the views currently held regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal diseases, was significantly influenced by: (1) major changes in health-care education; (2) the emergence of periodontics as a specialty of dentistry; (3) the publication of peer-reviewed journals with an emphasis on periodontology; (4) formation of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); and (5) expansion of periodontal research programs by the NIDCR. The two major future challenges facing periodontal research are development of a better understanding of the ecological complexities of host-microbial interactions in periodontal health and disease, and identification of the relevant mechanisms involved in the predictable regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Armitage
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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29
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Abstract
Four billion individuals worldwide have a history of periodontitis, with the poorest people in society most affected. Periodontitis can lead to unsightly drifting of teeth and tooth loss that may interfere with the wellbeing of daily living and has also been linked to at least 57 medical diseases and disabilities. The etiology of severe periodontitis includes active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens, and destructive immune responses, but herpesviruses seem to be the major pathogenic determinant. Periodontal herpesviruses that disseminate via the systemic circulation to nonoral sites may represent a major link between periodontitis and systemic diseases. Current treatment of periodontitis focuses almost exclusively on bacterial biofilm and will require revision. Periodontal therapy that targets both herpesviruses and bacterial pathogens can provide long-term clinical improvement and potentially reduces the risk of systemic diseases. Molecular diagnostic tests for periodontal pathogens may enable early microbial identification and preemptive therapy. This review details an efficient and reliable anti-infective treatment of severe periodontitis that can be carried out in minimal time with minimal cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Slots
- School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Henrik Slots
- University of Nevada at Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada.,St. George's School of Medicine, St. George, Grenada.,Renown Medical Center, Reno, Nevada
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30
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Carinci F, Romanos GE, Scapoli L. Molecular tools for preventing and improving diagnosis of peri-implant diseases. Periodontol 2000 2019; 81:41-47. [PMID: 31407432 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease of tissues surrounding osseointegrated dental implants. Inflammation affecting soft and hard peri-implant tissues can cause alveolar bone resorption and subsequent implant loss. Clinical surveillance and early diagnosis are of paramount importance to reduce clinical failures and improve implant survival. Current diagnosis of implants is based on clinical and radiological signs. Molecular tests are an emerging diagnostic methodology, which potentially can help to detect and prevent early peri-implantitis and monitor the efficacy of therapy as well. A plethora of potential biomarkers are potentially available to support the clinical diagnosis of peri-implantitis. However, conflicting diagnostic conclusions have been reached, probably related to weak statistical results due to limited sample size or disease heterogeneity. The present paper reviews candidate diagnostic biomarkers for peri-implantitis, including infective agents, genetic susceptibility factors, and key proteins related to inflammation and tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Luca Scapoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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31
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New Viral Facets in Oral Diseases: The EBV Paradox. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235861. [PMID: 31766729 PMCID: PMC6929135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity contributes to overall health, psychosocial well-being and quality of human life. Oral inflammatory diseases represent a major global health problem with significant social and economic impact. The development of effective therapies, therefore, requires deeper insights into the etiopathogenesis of oral diseases. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection results in a life-long persistence of the virus in the host and has been associated with numerous oral inflammatory diseases including oral lichen planus (OLP), periodontal disease and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). There is considerable evidence that the EBV infection is a strong risk factor for the development and progression of these conditions, but is EBV a true pathogen? This long-standing EBV paradox yet needs to be solved. This review discusses novel viral aspects of the etiopathogenesis of non-tumorigenic diseases in the oral cavity, in particular, the contribution of EBV in OLP, periodontitis and SS, the tropism of EBV infection, the major players involved in the etiopathogenic mechanisms and emerging contribution of EBV-pathogenic bacteria bidirectional interaction. It also proposes the involvement of EBV-infected plasma cells in the development and progression of oral inflammatory diseases. A new direction for preventing and treating these conditions may focus on controlling pathogenic EBV with anti-herpetic drugs.
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32
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Ebersole JL, Kirakodu S, Novak MJ, Orraca L, Stormberg AJ, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Burgos A, Gonzalez OA. Comparative analysis of expression of microbial sensing molecules in mucosal tissues with periodontal disease. Immunobiology 2018; 224:196-206. [PMID: 30470434 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Host-derived pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are necessary for effective innate immune engagement of pathogens that express microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) ligands for these PRRs. This study used a nonhuman primate model to evaluate the expression of these sensing molecules in gingival tissues. Macaca mulatta aged 12-24 with a healthy periodontium (n = 13) or periodontitis (n = 11) provided gingival tissues for assessment of naturally-occurring periodontitis. An additional group of animals (12-23 years; n = 18) was subjected to a 5 month longitudinal study examining the initiation and progression of periodontitis, RNA was isolated and microarray analysis conducted for gene expression of the sensing PRRs. The results demonstrated increased expression of various PRRs in naturally-occurring established periodontitis. Selected PRRs also correlated with both bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD) in the animals. The longitudinal model demonstrated multiple TLRs, as well as selected other PRRs that were significantly increased by 2 weeks during initiation of the lesion. While gene expression levels of various PRRs correlated with BOP and PD at baseline and resolution of disease, few correlated with these clinical parameters during initiation and progression of the lesion. These findings suggest that the levels of various PRRs are affected in established periodontitis lesions, and that PRR expression increased most dramatically during the initiation of the disease process, presumably in response to the juxtaposed microbial challenge to the tissues and goal of reestablishing homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
| | - S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - M J Novak
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - L Orraca
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - A J Stormberg
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - J Gonzalez-Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Toa Baja, PR, United States
| | - A Burgos
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Toa Baja, PR, United States
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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34
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Geskovski N, Sazdovska SD, Gjosheva S, Petkovska R, Popovska M, Anastasova L, Mladenovska K, Goracinova K. Rational development of nanomedicines for molecular targeting in periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:31-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
This volume of Periodontology 2000 represents the 25th anniversary of the Journal, and uses the occasion to assess important advancements in periodontology over the past quarter-century as well as the hurdles that remain. Periodontitis is defined by pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The disease involves complex dynamic interactions among active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens and destructive immune responses. Periodontal diagnostics is currently based on clinical rather than etiologic criteria, and provides limited therapeutic guidance. Periodontal causative treatment consists of scaling, antiseptic rinses and occasionally systemic antibiotics, and surgical intervention has been de-emphasized, except perhaps for the most advanced types of periodontitis. Plastic surgical therapy includes soft-tissue grafting to cover exposed root surfaces and bone grafting to provide support for implants. Dental implants are used to replace severely diseased or missing teeth, but implant overuse is of concern. The utility of laser treatment for periodontitis remains unresolved. Host modulation and risk-factor modification therapies may benefit select patient groups. Patient self-care is a critical part of periodontal health care, and twice-weekly oral rinsing with 0.10-0.25% sodium hypochlorite constitutes a valuable adjunct to conventional anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis treatments. A link between periodontal herpesviruses and systemic diseases is a strong biological plausibility. In summary, research during the past 25 years has significantly changed our concepts of periodontitis pathobiology and has produced more-effective and less-costly therapeutic options.
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36
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Nibali L, Tomlins P, Akcalı A. Radiographic morphology of intrabony defects in the first molars of patients with localized aggressive periodontitis: Comparison with health and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:582-588. [PMID: 29660823 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the radiographic features of the first molars of patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) and of their associated intrabony defects and to compare them with a control sample of chronic periodontitis cases and healthy subjects. METHODS Data from a total of 93 patients were included in this analysis. First, dental panoramic tomograms of 34 patients with LAgP (131 first molars) and 30 periodontally healthy patients (110 first molars) were compared. Then, periapical radiographs of the first molars of the same patients with LAgP and of 29 patients with chronic periodontitis affected by intrabony defects were analysed. RESULTS Shorter root trunks were associated with the presence of intrabony defects in patients with LAgP (P = .002 at multilevel logistic regression), also when LAgP molars were compared with healthy subjects (P = .036). Although no difference in defect depth and angle was noted between LAgP and chronic periodontitis intrabony defects, LAgP intrabony defects appeared to be more frequently symmetrical and arch-shaped than in chronic periodontitis (P = .008), with positive predictive value and negative predictive value of for 'wide arch' defect of 87.3% (95% CI = 77.2%-93.3%) and 32.3% (95% CI = 27.7%-37.2%) respectively. CONCLUSION First molars of patients with LAgP affected by intrabony defects may have some distinct radiographic anatomical characteristics to those of healthy subjects. The shape of intrabony defects seems to differ between LAgP and chronic periodontitis cases. Further studies need to confirm these features and investigate if they are related to the initiation and progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nibali
- Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - P Tomlins
- Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - A Akcalı
- Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
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37
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Gonzalez OA, Kirakodu S, Novak MJ, Stromberg AJ, Orraca L, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Burgos A, Ebersole JL. Comparative analysis of microbial sensing molecules in mucosal tissues with aging. Immunobiology 2018; 223:279-287. [PMID: 29066255 PMCID: PMC5821569 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Host-bacterial interactions at mucosal surfaces require recognition of the bacteria by host cells enabling targeted responses to maintain tissue homeostasis. It is now well recognized that an array of host-derived pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), both cell-bound and soluble, are critical to innate immune engagement of microbes via microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMP). This report describes the use of a nonhuman primate model to evaluate changes in the expression of these sensing molecules related to aging in healthy gingival tissues. Macaca mulatta aged 3-24 years were evaluated clinically and gingival tissues obtained, RNA isolated and microarray analysis conducted for gene expression of the sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The results demonstrated increased expression of various PRRs in healthy aging gingiva including extracellular (CD14, CD209, CLEC4E, TLR4), intracellular (NAIP, IFIH1, DAI) and soluble (PTX4, SAA1) PRRs. Selected PRRs were also correlated with both bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD) in the animals. These findings suggest that aged animals express altered levels of various PRRs that could affect the ability of the tissues to interact effectively with the juxtaposed microbial ecology, presumably contributing to an enhanced risk of periodontitis even in clinically healthy oral mucosal tissues with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - M J Novak
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - A J Stromberg
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - L Orraca
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - J Gonzalez-Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Toa Baja, PR, United States
| | - A Burgos
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Toa Baja, PR, United States
| | - J L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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Kato A, Imai K, Sato H, Ogata Y. Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Japanese peri-implantitis patients. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:148. [PMID: 29233156 PMCID: PMC5727789 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peri-implantitis (PI) is an inflammatory reaction associated with functional deterioration of supporting bones around the dental implant. Recent studies suggested Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. We investigated the association between EBV and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Japanese PI patients. Methods Fifteen periodontally healthy individuals, 15 healthy implant patients and 15 PI patients were recruited. Forty five subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest probing pocket depth (PPD) site from each patient. Real-time PCR was used to detect EBV DNA and P. gingivalis. Results EBV and P. gingivalis were detected in 7 and 3 PPD sites of the healthy controls, in 9 and 4 PPD sites of the healthy implants, and in 13 and 14 PPD sites of the PI patients. P. gingivalis and coexistence of EBV and P. gingivalis were detected significantly higher in the PI patients than healthy controls and healthy implant patients. EBV was detected significantly higher in the PI patients than healthy controls. Conclusions Higher levels of EBV and P. gingivalis were detected in PPD sites of PI patients. These results suggest that coexistence of EBV and P. gingivalis may serve pathogenic factors cause for PI in Japanese dental patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kato
- Yorimasa Ogata, Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Skakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 102-8310, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Yorimasa Ogata, Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Skakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Yorimasa Ogata, Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Skakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
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Li F, Zhu C, Deng FY, Wong MCM, Lu HX, Feng XP. Herpesviruses in etiopathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis: A meta-analysis based on case-control studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186373. [PMID: 29036216 PMCID: PMC5643052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have found that herpesviruses are associated with aggressive periodontitis (AgP). However, these findings are controversial. This meta-analysis was aimed at clarifying the association between herpesviruses and AgP. Methods We identified eligible case–control studies evaluating the association between herpesviruses and AgP from PubMed and Embase databases in October 2015. Original data were extracted and quality assessment was done. Overall odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Random-effects model was determined. The stability was evaluated by sensitivity analysis. Finally, Egger’s funnel plot was used to investigate the publication bias. Results Twelve case-control studies involving 322 patients and 342 controls were included in the present meta-analysis. The included case-control studies were assessed as high quality. The quantitative synthesis results for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) showed significance (10 studies: p = 0.0008, OR = 6.11, 95% CI = 2.13–17.51); nevertheless, evidence of publication bias for EBV was considerable (EBV: Egger’s test, p<0.001). Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) had significant association with AgP (12 studies for HCMV: p = 0.009, OR = 3.63, 95% CI = 2.15–6.13; 4 studies for HSV-1: p<0.001, OR = 19.19, 95% CI = 4.16–79.06). Sensitivity analyses showed the results yielded consistency, and no significant publication bias was observed for HCMV. The association between Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and AgP was inconclusive (2 studies: p = 0.20, OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 0.51–23.51). Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that HCMV and HSV-1 are significantly associated with AgP. However, due to the heterogeneity among studies these conclusions should be cautiously interpreted. There is insufficient evidence to draw any conclusion between EBV, HSV-2 and AgP based on the currently limited data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Ying Deng
- Department of Endodontics, Shandong Province Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - May. Chun. Mei Wong
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Xia Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Elamin A, Ali RW, Bakken V. Putative periodontopathic bacteria and herpes viruses interactions in the subgingival plaque of patients with aggressive periodontitis and healthy controls. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:183-190. [PMID: 29744199 PMCID: PMC5839261 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial profile of aggressive periodontitis patients is considered to be complex with variations among populations in different geographical areas. The aim of this study was to assess the presences of 4 putative periodontopathic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) and 2 periodontal herpes viruses (Epstein-Barr virus type 1 [EBV-1] and human cytomegalovirus [HMCV]) in subgingival plaque of Sudanese subjects with aggressive periodontitis and healthy controls. The study group consisted of 34 subjects, 17 aggressive periodontitis patients and 17 periodontally healthy controls (14-19 years of age). Pooled subgingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed for detection of bacteria and viruses using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Prevalence of subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans, HCMV, and P. gingivalis were significantly higher among aggressive periodontitis patients than periodontally healthy controls. Coinfection with A. actinomycetemcomitans, HCMV, and/or EBV-1 was restricted to the cases. Increased risk of aggressive periodontitis was the highest when A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected together with EBV-1 (OD 49.0, 95% CI [2.5, 948.7], p = .01) and HCMV (OD 39.1, 95% CI [2.0, 754.6], p = .02). In Sudanese patients, A. actinomycetemcomitans and HCMV were the most associated test pathogens with aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Elamin
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health SciencesZayed UniversityDubaiUAE
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Raouf Wahab Ali
- Department of PeriodontologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyOmdurmanSudan
| | - Vidar Bakken
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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Detection of a new species of torque teno mini virus from the gingival epithelium of patients with periodontitis. Virus Genes 2017; 53:823-830. [PMID: 28866831 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel species of torque teno mini virus called TTMV-204, which was isolated from the gingival epithelium of patients with periodontitis and characterized using viral metagenomics. The sequence of the full genome is 2824 nt in length. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic analyses show classic Betatorquevirus species organization with less than 40% amino acid similarity in ORF1. The prevalence of TTMV-204 in the periodontitis patient population was 18.75% (15/80), which was higher than in periodontally healthy individuals (10.00%, 10/80). However, the difference of the TTMV-204 prevalence between two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.115). Further investigation is required to determine whether this new virus is associated with inflammation.
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Shipilova A, Dayakar MM, Gupta D. High risk human papillomavirus in the periodontium : A case control study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2017; 21:380-385. [PMID: 29491584 PMCID: PMC5827505 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_56_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses that have been identified in periodontal pocket as well as gingival sulcus. High risk HPVs are also associated with a subset of head and neck carcinomas. It is thought that the periodontium could be a reservoir for HPV. AIMS 1. Detection of Human Papilloma virus (HPV) in periodontal pocket as well as gingival of patients having localized chronic periodontitis and gingival sulcus of periodontally healthy subjects. 2. Quantitative estimation of E6 and E7 mRNA in subjects showing presence of HPV3. To assess whether periodontal pocket is a reservoir for HPV. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This case-control study included 30 subjects with localized chronic Periodontitis (cases) and 30 periodontally healthy subjects (controls). Two samples were taken from cases, one from periodontal pocket and one from gingival sulcus and one sample was taken from controls. METHODS AND MATERIALS Samples were collected in the form of pocket scrapings and gingival sulcus scrapings from cases and controls respectively. These samples were sent in storage media for identification and estimation of E6/E7 mRNA of HPV using in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis was done by using, mean, percentage and Chi Square test. A statistical package SPSS version 13.0 was used to analyze the data. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS pocket samples as well as sulcus samples for both cases and controls were found to contain HPV E6/E7 mRNAInterpretation and. CONCLUSION Presence of HPV E6/E7 mRNA in periodontium supports the hypothesis that periodontal tissues serve as a reservoir for latent HPV and there may be a synergy between oral cancer, periodontitis and HPV. However prospective studies are required to further explore this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shipilova
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, K.V.G Dental College, Sullia, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Dinesh Gupta
- Curehealth Diagnostics Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, India
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Association Between Employee Dental Claims, Health Risks, Workplace Productivity, and Preventive Services Compliance. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59:721-726. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Elizondo JE, Rivas-Estilla AM. Contribution of multi ‘-OMICS’ to the future of oral health. Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Eduardo Elizondo
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Department of Biopharmaceuticals & Biopharmaceutical Engineering, FEMSA Biotechnology Center, National Graduate School of Science, Engineering, & Technology, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Doctorate School, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical & Health Sciences Program, Department of Basic Sciences, National School of Medicine, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ana María Rivas-Estilla
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, Department of Virology, Laboratory of Molecular Infectology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico
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Abstract
Over the last 10 years there have been only a handful of publications dealing with the oral virome, which is in contrast to the oral microbiome, an area that has seen considerable interest. Here, we survey viral infections in general and then focus on those viruses that are found in and/or are transmitted via the oral cavity; norovirus, rabies, human papillomavirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, herpes simplex viruses, hepatitis C virus, and HIV. Increasingly, viral infections have been diagnosed using an oral sample (e.g. saliva mucosal transudate or an oral swab) instead of blood or urine. The results of two studies using a rapid and semi‐quantitative lateral flow assay format demonstrating the correlation of HIV anti‐IgG/sIgA detection with saliva and serum samples are presented. When immediate detection of infection is important, point‐of‐care devices that obtain a non‐invasive sample from the oral cavity can be used to provide a first line diagnosis to assist in determining appropriate counselling and therapeutic path for an increasing number of diseases.
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Baez CF, Savassi-Ribas F, Rocha WMD, Almeida SGS, Gonçalves MTV, Guimarães MAAM, Cavalcanti SMB, Varella RB. ASSOCIATION OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) BUT NOT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) WITH GINGIVITIS AND/OR PERIODONTITIS IN TRANSPLANTED INDIVIDUALS. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 58:58. [PMID: 27410918 PMCID: PMC4964327 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of EBV and HPV with gingivitis and/or periodontitis according to the immunologic status. To this end, 74 oral biopsies from transplanted and non-transplanted individuals with the abovementioned oral manifestations were submitted to a screening by PCR for both viruses. According to the results, EBV was strongly associated with gingivitis and/or periodontitis in transplanted individuals (p = 0.011) but not HPV (p = 0.766). EBV-HPV co-detections did not enhance the presence of tissue injury as well. Although a causal relationship was not investigated in this study, the higher frequency of these two oncoviruses in lesion tissues must be investigated in follow-up studies, especially among immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Freze Baez
- Universidade Federal do Rio do Janeiro, Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavia Savassi-Ribas
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wilker Menezes da Rocha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie G S Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marianna T V Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica A M Guimarães
- Universidade Federal do Rio do Janeiro, Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael B Varella
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Feres M, Figueiredo LC, Soares GMS, Faveri M. Systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2017; 67:131-86. [PMID: 25494600 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that several clinical studies have shown additional benefits when certain systemic antibiotics are used as adjuncts to periodontal treatment, clear guidelines for the use of these agents in the clinical practice are not yet available. Basic questions concerning the use of systemic antibiotics to treat periodontitis remain unanswered, such as: which drug(s) should be used; which patients would most benefit from treatment; which are the most effective protocols (i.e. doses and durations); and in which phase of the mechanical therapy should the drug(s) be administered? Although not all of those questions have been directly addressed by controlled randomized clinical trials, recent concepts related to the ecology of periodontal diseases, as well as the major advances in laboratory and clinical research methods that have occurred in the past decade, have significantly broadened our knowledge in this field. This article endeavored to provide a 'state of the art' overview on the use of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis, based on the most recent literature on the topic as well as on a compilation of data from studies conducted at the Center of Clinical Trials at Guarulhos University (São Paulo, Brazil) from 2002 to 2012.
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Gao Z, Lv J, Wang M. Epstein-Barr virus is associated with periodontal diseases: A meta-analysis based on 21 case-control studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5980. [PMID: 28178139 PMCID: PMC5312996 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some controversies still exist between the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)'s DNA and risks of periodontal diseases. Hence, a comprehensive meta-analysis on all available literatures was performed to clarify the relationship between EBV and preidontitis.A comprehensive search was conducted within the PUBMED, EMBASE, and WANFANG databases up to October 10th, 2016 according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and finally 21 case-control literatures were obtained. The outcomes including odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. Publication bias was determined by Begg or Egger test. Sensitivity analysis was used to investigate reliability and stability of the results.According to the data from included trials, the association between overall increased risks of periodontitis and the detection of EBV was significant (OR = 6.199, 95% CI = 3.119-12.319, P < 0.001). In the disease-type analysis, the pooled ORs for chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis were 6.586 (95% CI = 3.042-14.262, P < 0.001) and 8.361 (95% CI = 2.109-33.143, P = 0.003), respectively. In the subgroup analysis of ethnicity, our results suggested that high EBV-detecting frequencies were correlated with increased risks of periodontitis in Asians, Europeans, and Americans (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis by the sample type showed that subgingival plaque (SgP) samples and tissue samples were available for EBV detecting (P < 0.001). Detecting EBV of samples in ≥5 (6) mm sites of periodontal pockets were easier than in ≤3-mm sites (P = 0.023).This meta-analysis indicates that high frequent detection of EBV correlates with increased risk of periodontal diseases. SgP and tissue are available for detecting EBV in patients of periodontitis. At last, our results suggest that detecting EBV of samples in =5 (6) mm sites of periodontal pockets are more sensitive than in ≤3-mm sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dongfeng Stomatology Hospital. The Genetal Hospital of Dongfeng, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Juan Lv
- Department of Stomatology, HuaGuo Hospital of Dongfeng Auto Corporation, Shiyan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Aggarwal T, Lamba AK, Faraz F, Tandon S. Viruses: Bystanders of periodontal disease. Microb Pathog 2017; 102:54-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
Culture-independent nucleic acid technologies have been extensively applied to the analysis of oral bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased conditions. These methods have confirmed and substantially expanded the findings from culture studies to reveal the oral microbial inhabitants and candidate pathogens associated with the major oral diseases. Over 1000 bacterial distinct species-level taxa have been identified in the oral cavity and studies using next-generation DNA sequencing approaches indicate that the breadth of bacterial diversity may be even much larger. Nucleic acid technologies have also been helpful in profiling bacterial communities and identifying disease-related patterns. This chapter provides an overview of the diversity and taxonomy of oral bacteria associated with health and disease.
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