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Alqaderi H, Abdullah A, Finkelman M, Abufarha M, Devarajan S, Abubaker J, Ramesh N, Tavares M, Al-Mulla F, Bin-Hasan S. The relationship between sleep and salivary and serum inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1175483. [PMID: 37305117 PMCID: PMC10250646 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1175483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Poor sleep behavior can trigger an inflammatory response and contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases. Cytokines can act as indicators of inflammation and may precede the onset of inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to determine the association between sleep timing parameters (bedtime, sleep duration, sleep debt, and social jetlag) and the levels of nine serum and salivary inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. Methods Data were collected from 352 adolescents aged 16-19 years enrolled in Kuwait's public high schools. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), adiponectin, leptin, and insulin were measured from saliva and serum samples. We conducted mixed-effect multiple linear regression modeling to account for the school variable as a random effect to assess the relationship between the sleep variables and salivary and serum biomarkers. Mediation analysis was conducted to check if BMI was a mediator between bedtime and the biomarkers. Results There was a statistically significant elevation in serum IL-6 level associated with later bedtime (0.05 pg./mL, p = 0.01). Adolescents with severe sleep debt of ≥2 h had an increase in salivary IL-6 biomarker levels (0.38 pg./mL, p = 0.01) compared to those who had sleep debt of <1 h. Adolescents with sleep debt of ≥2 h had significantly higher levels of serum CRP (0.61 μg/mL, p = 0.02) than those without sleep debt. Additionally, we found that the inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, and MCP-1) and metabolic biomarkers (adiponectin, leptin, and insulin) had more statistically significant associations with the bedtime variables than with sleep duration variables. CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 were associated with sleep debt, and IL-6, VEGF, adiponectin, and leptin levels were associated with social jetlag. BMIz was a full mediator in the relationship between late bedtime and increased serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and insulin. Conclusion Adolescents who go to bed at or later than midnight had dysregulated levels of salivary and serum inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting that disrupted circadian rhythm can trigger higher levels of systemic inflammation and potentially exacerbate chronic inflammation and the risk of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Alqaderi
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abeer Abdullah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew Finkelman
- Department of Public Health and Community Service, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Nikitha Ramesh
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary Tavares
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Heo SC, Kim YN, Keum BR, Joo JY, Bae MK, Kim HJ. Vasohibin-1 promotes osteoclast differentiation in periodontal disease by stimulating the expression of RANKL in gingival fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166632. [PMID: 36566872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vasohibin-1 (VASH1) is a key inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis. Although the involvement of VASH1 in various pathological processes has been extensively studied, its role in periodontal disease (PD) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of VASH1 in PD by focusing on osteoclastogenesis regulation. We investigated VASH1 expression in PD by analyzing data from the online Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and using a mouse ligature-induced periodontitis model. The effects of VASH1 on osteoclast differentiation and osteoclastogenesis-supporting cells were assessed in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and human gingival fibroblasts (GFs). To identify the stimulant of VASH1, we used culture broth from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a periopathogen. The GEO database and mouse periodontitis model revealed that VASH1 expression was upregulated in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues, which was further supported by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR analyses. VASH1 expression was significantly stimulated in GFs after treatment with the Pg broth. Direct treatment with recombinant VASH1 protein did not stimulate osteoclast differentiation in BMMs but did contribute to osteoclast differentiation by inducing RANKL expression in GFs through a paracrine mechanism. Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of VASH1 in GFs abrogated RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation in BMMs. Additionally, VASH1-activated RANKL expression in GFs was significantly suppressed by MK-2206, a selective inhibitor of AKT. These results suggest that Pg-induced VASH1 may be associated with RANKL expression in GFs in a paracrine manner, contributing to osteoclastogenesis via an AKT-dependent mechanism during PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Chul Heo
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Na Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Keum
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Joo
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Guo L, Sato F, Kitayama T, Tewari N, Makishima M, Hamada N, Liu Y, Bhawal UK. Dec2 negatively regulates bone resorption in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1056-1069. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Pathology Division Shizuoka Cancer Center Shizuoka Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Kitayama
- Department of Anesthesiology Nihon University School of Dentistry Tokyo Japan
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Oral Microbiology Kanagawa Dental University Yokosuka Japan
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systematic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India
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Enver A, Ozmeric N, Isler SC, Toruner M, Fidan C, Demirci G, Elgun S, DA Silva APB. An Evaluation of Periodontal Status and Cytokine Levels in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1649-1660. [PMID: 35665507 PMCID: PMC10083950 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Periodontal diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD]) have been reported to present with increased salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentrations of cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary and GCF levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-17A and their associations with the periodontal statuses of UC, CD and non-IBD patients, and to analyze the interrelationships among these cytokines, IBD conditions, and periodontal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed with a total of 131 patients (62 women and 69 men, mean age 42.96±13.02 years). Patients were divided into three groups: UC, CD, and non-IBD. Periodontal status was defined according to the 2017 World Workshop Disease Classification. Salivary and GCF cytokine levels were analyzed using ELISA. RESULTS UC and CD patients diagnosed as having periodontitis and gingivitis presented with significantly higher levels of TNF-α and lower levels of IL-10 as compared with non-IBD patients (p<0.05). UC patients diagnosed with periodontitis exhibited significantly higher scores of bleeding on probing (p = 0.011) and increased salivary and GCF IL-1β levels as compared with CD patients (p = 0.005, and 0.012 respectively). Considering the active and remission status of IBD, salivary IL-1β was found to be correlated with the parameters representing the severity of periodontal diseases in active UC and CD patients. CONCLUSION(S) In the presence of periodontal diseases, UC and CD patients showed different expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 in oral secretions as compared with non-IBD patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Enver
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Ozmeric
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sila Cagri Isler
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Murat Toruner
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Fidan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Demirci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serenay Elgun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andre Paes B DA Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang Y, Yang C. Enhanced VEGF-A expression and mediated angiogenic differentiation in human gingival fibroblasts by stimulating with TNF-α in vitro. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:876-881. [PMID: 35756776 PMCID: PMC9201534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud/purpose The effects of inflammatory cytokines were reported to involve in the process of periodontal disease and inflamed tissue enhanced the expression of inflammatory mediators which in turn may promote angiogenesis. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) exert the basic function in periodontal tissue repair and regeneration. However, studies specially focused on the effects of inflammation-related HGFs on angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation are limited. This study was aimed to test whether HGFs enhance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression mediating angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation by stimulating with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), to further identify the possible mechanism which may be responsible for this activity. Materials and methods In this study, HGFs are treated by TNF-α in order to detect the effects of angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation under inflammation-related condition. Results TNF-α enhances VEGF-A expression and results in increasing cell migration and angiogenic differentiation and inhibiting osteogenic differentiation in HGFs. Besides, TNF-α stimulated VEGF-A-mediated angiogenic differentiation is dependent on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation may contribute to regulate the function of VEGF-A in inflammation-related HGFs. Conclusion This study demonstrated that enhanced VEGF-A-mediated angiogenic differentiation in HGFs is dependent on the activation of MAPK pathway by stimulating with TNF-α in vitro. Therefore, this study could provide better understand for the progression of inflammation-related periodontal diseases.
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Stuani AS, Silvano PRÁ, Arnez MFM, Mira PCDS, Gorita MC, Monteiro PM, Marsumoto MAN, Hirata MH, Menezes LMD, Stuani MBS. VEGF and FGF-2 Released In Palatal Suture after Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME). Braz Dent J 2021; 32:98-103. [PMID: 33914010 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) have the ability to increase vascular proliferation and permeability. The aim of this study was to quantify the release of two diffusible angiogenic growth factors (VEGF and FGF-2) after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Thirty animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Control group (5 rats - intact suture) and Experimental groups (25 rats with RME) which were evaluated in different periods of treatment. Five animals were euthanized in different periods of healing at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after RME. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the gene expression of angiogenic growth factors released on different periods of study. Data were submitted to statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by Tukey test and significance was assumed at a=0.05. RT-PCR showed that mRNAs of VEGF and FGF-2 were expressed in intact palatal suture tissue. mRNAs of VEGF and FGF-2 was upregulated in early periods (24 h) after RME (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). The molecular levels of VEGF never returned to its original baseline values, and FGF-2 expression decreased up to day 5 (p<0.001) and suddenly increased at day 7, returning to its original level. RME increased VEGF secretion, but decreased FGF-2 secretion when compared to intact tissue. The results showed that these angiogenic growth factors are released and regulated in the palatal suture tissue after RME and could make an important contribution to the knowledge of overall reparative response of the suture tissue during the bone remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sasso Stuani
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Regina Ávila Silvano
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paôla Caroline da Silva Mira
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Gorita
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Monteiro
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakame Marsumoto
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroshi Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Macedo de Menezes
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Program - School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Eating food is one of the most complicated behaviours in mammals, especially humans. The primary function of ghrelin is regulation of the appetite level and its stimulation. It is also responsible for the body's energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Ghrelin has been shown to affect many brain structures, which confirms the presence of ghrelin receptors in the brain. Studies are also conducted to assess the possible role of ghrelin in anxiety states and in memory disorders and motor dysfunctions. Ghrelin has been found in saliva and salivary glands, teeth and gums, and in the taste buds of the tongue epithelium; it is also secreted by mucosal cells and gingival fibroblasts. The presence of ghrelin in developmental enamel, especially in odontoblasts and ameloblasts, may suggest its regulatory role in the development of teeth. Patients with chronic periodontitis have significantly higher concentrations of ghrelin in the peripheral blood serum, as compared to the control group. Ghrelin plays a special role in the proliferation of cancer cells and in the development of neoplastic metastases. The abundant presence of ghrelin receptors in cancer cells is considered an important target in the treatment of neoplasms. Ghrelin is a hormone whose multidirectional mechanism of action has not yet been fully understood. However, its ubiquitous occurrence in the human body and its very diverse participation in metabolic processes may prove to be a significant obstacle in achieving the expected clinical effect of ghrelin as an effective drug in selected disease units.
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: A Translational View in Oral Non-Communicable Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010085. [PMID: 33445558 PMCID: PMC7826734 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are vital regulators of angiogenesis that are expressed in response to soluble mediators, such as cytokines and growth factors. Their physiologic functions include blood vessel formation, regulation of vascular permeability, stem cell and monocyte/macrophage recruitment and maintenance of bone homeostasis and repair. In addition, angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in chronic pathologic conditions, such as tumorigenesis, inflammatory immune diseases and bone loss. According to their prevalence, morbidity and mortality, inflammatory diseases affecting periodontal tissues and oral cancer are relevant non-communicable diseases. Whereas oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered one of the most common cancers worldwide, destructive inflammatory periodontal diseases, on the other hand, are amongst the most prevalent chronic inflammatory conditions affecting humans and also represent the main cause of tooth loss in adults. In the recent years, while knowledge regarding the role of VEGF signaling in common oral diseases is expanding, new potential translational applications emerge. In the present narrative review we aim to explore the role of VEGF signaling in oral cancer and destructive periodontal inflammatory diseases, with emphasis in its translational applications as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Kim JY, Kim HN. Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines in Saliva after Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010194. [PMID: 33383828 PMCID: PMC7795738 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To determine the diagnostic value of inflammatory cytokines in periodontal disease, we performed a systematic review of the changes in inflammatory cytokines after non-surgical periodontal therapy and a meta-analysis of the utility of interleukin (IL)-1β and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 as salivary biomarkers. All available papers published in English until 20 August 2020, were searched in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Population, intervention, comparison, and outcome data were extracted from the selected studies, and the roles of IL-1β and MMP-8 were assessed in a meta-analysis. Eleven studies, including two meta-analyses, were assessed in the systematic review. Biomarkers showing high levels in periodontal disease were salivary IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, MMP-8, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2, and those in the controls were tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-32. Biomarkers that decreased after scaling and root planning (SRP) and oral hygiene instruction (OHI) in periodontitis patients were IL-1β, MMP-8, MMP-9, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and TIMP-2. The pooled standardized mean difference of IL-1β and MMP-8 was −1.04 and 35.90, respectively, but the differences between periodontitis patients and healthy controls were not significant. Although the changes in salivary IL-1β and MMP-8 levels after non-surgical periodontal therapy were not significant, salivary cytokines could be used to confirm the effect of periodontal therapy or diagnose periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-229-8373
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Romano F, Del Buono W, Bianco L, Arena M, Mariani GM, Di Scipio F, Berta GN, Aimetti M. Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokines in Moderate and Deep Sites of Stage III Periodontitis Patients in Different Rates of Clinical Progression. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110515. [PMID: 33218047 PMCID: PMC7698864 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical criteria are inappropriate to measure the degree of susceptibility to progression of periodontal damage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of cytokines could discriminate patients suffering from stage III periodontitis with moderate (Grade B) and rapid rates of progression (Grade C) prior to and 6 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. GCF samples were obtained from moderate and deep sites of 20 patients diagnosed as Grade B and 20 patients as grade C stage III periodontitis and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-9, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using a high-sensitivity Bio-Plex Suspension Array System. At baseline, higher IL-1β but lower IL-9 GCF levels were observed in moderate sites of the grade C compared to the grade B group. In spite of comparable clinical improvement, this difference maintained after treatment, suggesting a residual pro-inflammatory state. In deep sites, no differences were observed between periodontitis groups except for VEGF levels that decreased more in Grade B periodontitis at 6 months post-therapy. A mathematical model was constructed to identify Grade C periodontitis patients based on the subjects’ GCF levels of IL-1β and IL-9, which achieved an area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.94. This study can contribute to the early assessment of risk of future breakdown in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Wilma Del Buono
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Laura Bianco
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Martina Arena
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Giulia Maria Mariani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
| | - Federica Di Scipio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Nicolao Berta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.N.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (W.D.B.); (L.B.); (M.A.); (G.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.N.B.); (M.A.)
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Yılmaz Şaştım Ç, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Kasurinen A, Norvio S, Gürsoy UK, Doğan B. Salivary and serum markers of angiogenesis in periodontitis in relation to smoking. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1117-1126. [PMID: 32643086 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is essential in maintenance of periodontal homeostasis, and it is regulated by growth factors and cytokines, including basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), endoglin, platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1). In this study, the salivary and serum concentrations of these angiogenesis-related proteins in relation to smoking and periodontitis were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Full-mouth periodontal status together with unstimulated whole saliva and serum samples was collected from 78 individuals, including 40 periodontitis patients (20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers) and 38 periodontally healthy controls (20 smokers and 18 nonsmokers). The Luminex®-xMAP™ technique was used for protein analyses. RESULTS Concentrations of all tested proteins in saliva as well as VEGF in serum were significantly higher in periodontitis patients than in healthy controls. In smokers, serum concentrations of endoglin (p = 0.017) and sICAM-1 (p = 0.001) were elevated in comparison to nonsmokers. After adjusting for smoking and gender, periodontitis associated significantly with salivary concentrations of b-FGF, PECAM-1, VEGF, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Taken together, salivary concentrations of b-FGF, PECAM-1, and VEGF associate with periodontitis. The suppressive effect of smoking on salivary marker levels is limited to periodontitis patients only. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Smoking-related suppression of salivary marker levels is observed only in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Yılmaz Şaştım
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Marmara, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Akseli Kasurinen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Norvio
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Başak Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Marmara, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
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12
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Abidi AH, Alghamdi SS, Dabbous MK, Tipton DA, Mustafa SM, Moore BM. Cannabinoid type-2 receptor agonist, inverse agonist, and anandamide regulation of inflammatory responses in IL-1β stimulated primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:762-783. [PMID: 32562275 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to understand the role of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) during periodontal inflammation and to identify anti-inflammatory agents for the development of drugs to treat periodontitis (PD). BACKGROUND Cannabinoid type 2 receptor is found in periodontal tissue at sites of inflammation/infection. Our previous study demonstrated anti-inflammatory responses in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) via CB2R ligands. METHODS Anandamide (AEA), HU-308 (agonist), and SMM-189 (inverse agonist) were tested for effects on IL-1β-stimulated cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic and vascular markers expressed by hPDLFs using Mesoscale Discovery V-Plex Kits. Signal transduction pathways (p-c-Jun, p-ERK, p-p-38, p-JNK, p-CREB, and p-NF-kB) were investigated using Cisbio HTRF kits. ACTOne and Tango™ -BLA functional assays were used to measure cyclic AMP (cAMP) and β-arrestin activity. RESULTS IL-1β stimulated hPDLF production of 18/39 analytes, which were downregulated by the CB2R agonist and the inverse agonist. AEA exhibited pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. IL-1β increased phosphoproteins within the first hour except p-JNK. CB2R ligands attenuated p-p38 and p-NFĸB, but a late rise in p-38 was seen with HU-308. As p-ERK levels declined, a significant increase in p-ERK was observed later in the time course by synthetic CB2R ligands. P-JNK was significantly affected by SMM-189 only, while p-CREB was elevated significantly by CB2R ligands at 180 minutes. HU-308 affected both cAMP and β-arrestin pathway. SMM-189 only stimulated cAMP. CONCLUSION The findings that CB2R agonist and inverse agonist may potentially regulate inflammation suggest that development of CB2R therapeutics could improve on current treatments for PD and other oral inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammaar H Abidi
- College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Bioscience Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sahar S Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mustafa Kh Dabbous
- College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Bioscience Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David A Tipton
- College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Bioscience Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Suni M Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bob M Moore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Does Diabetes Induce the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression in Periodontal Tissues? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082765. [PMID: 32316357 PMCID: PMC7215273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Diabetes and periodontal disease are both chronic pathological conditions linked by several underlying biological mechanisms, in which the inflammatory response plays a critical role, and their association has been largely recognized. Recently, attention has been given to diabetes as an important mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression in periodontal tissues, by virtue of its ability to affect microvasculature. This review aims to summarize the findings from studies that explored VEGF expression in diabetic patients with periodontitis, compared to periodontally healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A PubMed search of select medical subject heading (MeSH) terms was carried out to identify all studies reporting findings about VEGF expression in periodontal tissues of diabetic patients up to May 2018. The inclusion criteria were studies on VEGF expression in periodontally diseased tissues of diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic subjects, with any method of analysis, and published in the English language. Results: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. Immunohistochemistry was used in six of the studies, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) aiming to quantify mRNA VEGF expression was used in one study, and ELISA analysis was used for one study. Compared with nondiabetic patients, a higher VEGF expression in gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples in diabetic patients with periodontitis was reported. Conclusions: Overall, novel evidence for the VEGF expression within the periodontal tissue of diabetic patients paves the way for further studies on the role of this protein in neovascularization physiology and pathophysiology in microvasculature of the periodontium.
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14
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Afacan B, Keleş Yücel ZP, Paşali Ç, Atmaca İlhan H, Köse T, Emingil G. Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1495-1502. [PMID: 32246842 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible angiogenic pathway involving hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) may regulate several biological processes related to inflammation. The present study aimed to assess the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP). METHODS Twenty G-AgP patients and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were included. G-AgP patients received scaling and root planning (SRP), per quadrant at a 1-week-interval, performed with ultrasonic and periodontal hand instruments. GCF samples were collected and clinical periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index and plaque index were recorded at baseline, 1 and 3 months after treatment. Biomarker levels in GCF were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS At baseline all clinical parameters and GCF HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in G-AgP patients compared to healthy control (P < 0.05). All clinical parameters improved over the 3-month-period in G-AgP patients (P < 0.05). GCF HIF-1α levels in G-AgP reduced at 1 and 3 months post-treatment, however, this did not reach to statistical significance (P > 0.05). GCF VEGF and TNF-α levels remained unchanged throughout the study period (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the present study, although HIF-1α seems to possess a potential diagnostic value for G-AgP, it might not be a proper predictor of clinically favorable treatment outcome. SRP plus different adjunctive therapies could provide better information about the prognostic role of hypoxia-inducible angiogenic pathway in G-AgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beral Afacan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | | | - Çiğdem Paşali
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Harika Atmaca İlhan
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Science, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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15
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Spitz A, Teles RP, Nojima LI. Influence of orthodontic loading on biomarkers levels around miniscrews. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 112:104668. [PMID: 32032909 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of Interleukin-1α (IL-1α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-13 (IL-13), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and Growth related oncogene (GRO) in the peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid (MICF) under orthodontic loading. DESIGN The study sample comprised 14 miniscrews immediately loaded and 17 unloaded ones. A load of 200gF was immediately applied to the miniscrews in the loaded group after the placement surgery. Peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid was collected at baseline, at day 7, and at day 21. The levels of the biomarkers were measured using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. Intergroup comparisons were made using Mann-Whitney test. Friedman and Dunn's multiple comparison tests were used to evaluate intragroup differences over time. RESULTS Although no statistical differences were observed between the groups at any time point for any of the 8 biomarkers evaluated, there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.02) in the levels of all the biomarkers over time on both groups. CONCLUSIONS An immediate loading of 200gF does not alter the balance in the inflammatory response in peri-miniscrew tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Spitz
- Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Palmier Teles
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lincoln Issamu Nojima
- Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Nunes NLT, Messora MR, Oliveira LF, Lisboa M, Garcia MCB, Rêgo RO, Novaes AB, de Souza SLS, Ervolino E, Furlaneto FAC. Effects of local administration of tiludronic acid on experimental periodontitis in diabetic rats. J Periodontol 2019; 89:105-116. [PMID: 28914593 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tiludronic acid (TIL) presents antiresorptive and anti-inflammatory properties and has not been evaluated in the periodontitis-diabetes mellitus (DM) association to date, to the best knowledge of the authors. This study evaluates effects of local administration of TIL on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats with streptozotocin-induced DM. METHODS Thirty-two animals (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) were divided into groups DM/C (Control), DM/EP, DM/EP/TIL1, and DM/EP/TIL3. In EP groups, a ligature was placed around mandibular first molars. In groups DM/EP/TIL1 and DM/EP/TIL3, TIL solutions (1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively) were injected into the gingival tissue of mandibular molars every other day for 10 days, until euthanasia. Periodontal tissues were analyzed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP], receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand [RANKL], osteoprotegerin, cleaved caspase 3), and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (interleukin [IL]-1β, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]). RESULTS In micro-CT analyses, groups DM/EP/TIL1 and DM/EP/TIL3 presented reduced alveolar bone resorption (P < 0.05). Group DM/EP/TIL3 presented decreased attachment loss (P < 0.05). The amount of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells was decreased in TIL groups (P < 0.05). Group DM/EP/TIL3 presented a lower immunolabeling pattern for RANKL (P < 0.05). TIL treatment decreased genic expression of IL-1β, and in group DM/EP/TIL3, expression of VEGF was increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Local administration of TIL promoted a protective effect against tissue destruction in EP in diabetic rats, and the dosage of 3 mg/kg of TIL promoted the best results regarding its antiresorptive and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara L T Nunes
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Michel R Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Oliveira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Lisboa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Marina Costa Barcellos Garcia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R O Rêgo
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Sobral, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Arthur Belém Novaes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luís Scombatti de Souza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Histology, Dental School of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia A C Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Duruk G, Gurbuz T, Aksoy H. Effect of Interproximal Caries in Primary Molars on Clinical Parameters and Levels of Some Biochemical Markers in Gingival Crevicular Fluid. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 40:75-81. [PMID: 31638454 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between dental caries and periodontal health by examining the clinical parameters and levels of some biochemical markers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of the teeth. In 22 children, 22 maxillary primary canine teeth and a pair of primary molars in a total of 38 quadrants were examined. The control group (C) consisted of children who had at least 1 caries-free primary maxillary canine. The test group (T) consisted of children who had a pair of primary molars where the interproximal contact was lost due to the caries in the same quadrant. Their primary molars were restored with compomer. The teeth were evaluated based on clinical values (plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth) and biochemical values in GCF before (C0, T0) and after a 6-month treatment (C1, T1). While total amounts of interleukin-1 beta and vascular endothelial growth factor in GCF in T0 were significantly higher than in C0 (P < 0.001), osteocalcin was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Clinic parameters in T0 were significantly higher than in C0 and T1. Also these parameters in C0 were higher than in C1 (P < 0.01). Clinical and biochemical parameters in GCF in the teeth with interproximal caries might show symptoms of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Duruk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Taskin Gurbuz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Metal Nanoparticles Released from Dental Implant Surfaces: Potential Contribution to Chronic Inflammation and Peri-Implant Bone Loss. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12122036. [PMID: 31242601 PMCID: PMC6630980 DOI: 10.3390/ma12122036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease affecting tissues surrounding dental implants. Although it represents a common complication of dental implant treatments, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully described. The aim of this study is to identify the role of titanium nanoparticles released form the implants on the chronic inflammation and bone lysis in the surrounding tissue. We analyzed the in vitro effect of titanium (Ti) particle exposure on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts (FU), evaluating cell proliferation by MTT test and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Subsequently, in vivo analysis of peri-implant Ti particle distribution, histological, and molecular analyses were performed. Ti particles led to a time-dependent decrease in cell viability and increase in ROS production in both MSCs and FU. Tissue analyses revealed presence of oxidative stress, high extracellular and intracellular Ti levels and imbalanced bone turnover. High expression of ZFP467 and the presence of adipose-like tissue suggested dysregulation of the MSC population; alterations in vessel morphology were identified. The results suggest that Ti particles may induce the production of high ROS levels, recruiting abnormal quantity of neutrophils able to produce high level of metalloproteinase. This induces the degradation of collagen fibers. These events may influence MSC commitment, with an imbalance of bone regeneration.
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19
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Tayman MA, Kurgan Ş, Önder C, Güney Z, Serdar MA, Kantarcı A, Günhan M. A disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-1 (ADAMTS-1) levels in gingival crevicular fluid correlate with vascular endothelial growth factor-A, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and clinical parameters in patients with advanced periodontitis. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1182-1189. [PMID: 31020669 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAMTS (a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin) are a family of proteinases that are structurally similar to the family of matrix metalloproteinases with critical roles in damage and repair of the extracellular matrix. Their functions are closely related to inflammation, hypoxia, and vascularization. Our aim was to determine levels of ADAMTS-1 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with advanced periodontal diseases and identify their association with hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), and clinical parameters of periodontitis. METHODS The study consisted of three groups: healthy individuals (control; n = 20), generalized chronic periodontitis (CP; n = 21), and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP; n = 20). Clinical parameters were measured. Levels of ADAMTS-1, VEGF-A, and HIF-1α in GCF and serum were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reported as total amounts and concentration. RESULTS ADAMTS-1 total amount in GCF were significantly higher in patients with CP and GAgP compared with healthy individuals (P < 0.05). HIF-1α total amount in GCF were also higher in periodontitis groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). GCF total VEGF-A content was significantly higher in the GAgP group compared with the CP and the controls (respectively; P = 0.023, P = 0.003). There was a significant correlation between ADAMTS-1, VEGF-A, and HIF-1α levels in the GCF and clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth [PD], bleeding on probing [BOP], and clinical attachment loss (CAL); P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ADAMTS-1 may play a role in advanced periodontal disease pathogenesis in correlation with tissue hypoxia and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmure Ayşe Tayman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şivge Kurgan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Önder
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Güney
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhittin A Serdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alpdoğan Kantarcı
- Forsyth Institute, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meral Günhan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Borges CD, Ricoldi MS, Messora MR, Palioto DB, Souza SLSD, Novaes Júnior AB, Taba Jr M. Clinical attachment loss and molecular profile of inflamed sites before treatment. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180671. [PMID: 31508795 PMCID: PMC9648953 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To monitor early periodontal disease progression and to investigate clinical and molecular profile of inflamed sites by means of crevicular fluid and gingival biopsy analysis. Methodology: Eighty-one samples of twenty-seven periodontitis subjects and periodontally healthy individuals were collected for the study. Measurements of clinical parameters were recorded at day −15, baseline and 2 months after basic periodontal treatment aiming at monitoring early variations ofthe clinical attachment level. Saliva, crevicular fluid and gingival biopsies were harvested from clinically inflamed and non-inflamed sites from periodontal patients and from control sites of healthy patients for the assessment of IL-10, MMP-8, VEGF, RANKL, OPG and TGF-β1 protein and gene expression levels. Results: Baseline IL-10 protein levels from inflamed sites were higher in comparison to both non-inflamed and control sites (p<0.05). Higher expression of mRNA for IL-10, RANK-L, OPG, e TGF-β1 were also observed in inflamed sites at day −15 prior treatment (p<0.05). After the periodontal treatment and the resolution of inflammation, seventeen percent of evaluated sites still showed clinically detectable attachment loss without significant differences in the molecular profile. Conclusions: Clinical attachment loss is a negative event that may occur even after successful basic periodontal therapy, but it is small and limited to a small percentage of sites. Elevated inflammation markers of inflamed sites from disease patients reduced to the mean levels of those observed in healthy subjects after successful basic periodontal therapy. Significantly elevated both gene and protein levels of IL-10 in inflamed sites prior treatment confirms its modulatory role in the disease status.
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21
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Afacan B, Öztürk VÖ, Paşalı Ç, Bozkurt E, Köse T, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol 2018; 90:788-797. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beral Afacan
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryAdnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
| | - Veli Özgen Öztürk
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryAdnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Paşalı
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryEge University İzmir Turkey
| | - Emir Bozkurt
- Section of Molecular BiologyDepartment of BiologyFaculty of Science and LettersCelal Bayar University Manisa Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsFaculty of MedicineEge University İzmir Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryEge University İzmir Turkey
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22
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Wu YC, Ning L, Tu YK, Huang CP, Huang NT, Chen YF, Chang PC. Salivary biomarker combination prediction model for the diagnosis of periodontitis in a Taiwanese population. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:841-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Zimmermann P, Ziesenitz VC, Curtis N, Ritz N. The Immunomodulatory Effects of Macrolides-A Systematic Review of the Underlying Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:302. [PMID: 29593707 PMCID: PMC5859047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms underlying the non-antimicrobial immunomodulatory properties of macrolides are not well understood. Objectives To systematically review the evidence for the immunomodulatory properties of macrolides in humans and to describe the underlying mechanism and extent of their influence on the innate and adaptive immune system. Methods A systematic literature search was done in MEDLINE using the OVID interface from 1946 to December 2016 according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Original articles investigating the influence of four macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and roxithromycin) on immunological markers in humans were included. Results We identified 22 randomized, controlled trials, 16 prospective cohort studies, and 8 case–control studies investigating 47 different immunological markers (186 measurements) in 1,834 participants. The most frequently reported outcomes were a decrease in the number of neutrophils, and the concentrations of neutrophil elastase, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, eosinophilic cationic protein, and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Inhibition of neutrophil function was reported more frequently than eosinophil function. A decrease in T helper (Th) 2 cells cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6) was reported more frequently than a decrease in Th1 cytokines (IL-2, INF-gamma). Conclusion Macrolides influence a broad range of immunological mechanisms resulting in immunomodulatory effects. To optimize the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases by macrolides, further studies are necessary, particularly comparing different macrolides and dose effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zimmermann
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria C Ziesenitz
- Paediatric Pharmacology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole Ritz
- Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Paediatric Pharmacology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Romano F, Bongiovanni L, Bianco L, Di Scipio F, Yang Z, Sprio AE, Berta GN, Aimetti M. Biomarker levels in gingival crevicular fluid of generalized aggressive periodontitis patients after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1083-1092. [PMID: 28918557 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokines in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), in relation to clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from 16 GAgP patients and 15 periodontally healthy controls. Periodontal parameters and GCF biomarker levels were evaluated at baseline and repeated 3 and 6 months after treatment for GAgP subjects. Moderate and deep pocket sites were analyzed separately. The amount of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-9, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-bb), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured using a highly specific and sensitive multiplex bead immunoassay. RESULTS At baseline, cytokine levels in the moderate and deep pocket sites of GAgP patients were higher than those of the healthy control sites. In GAgP group, periodontal treatment led to improvement in all examined clinical parameters and resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the total amounts of IL-1β, VEGF, and TNF-α, in comparison to baseline, already 3 months after therapy in both moderate and deep pocket sites and of PDGF-bb in deep sites (p < 0.01). At the concentration level, only IL-1β and VEGF were affected. CONCLUSION Non-surgical treatment of GAgP provided significant clinical benefits leading to a marked decrease in the GCF levels of some pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines, but not of IL-9 and PDGF-bb. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the periodontal therapy successfully decreased clinical signs of inflammation, the GCF levels of some inflammatory cytokines were still elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 230 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Loretta Bongiovanni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 230 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Bianco
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 230 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Di Scipio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Zhiqian Yang
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Elio Sprio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Via Nizza, 230 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Barin LM, Barcelos RCS, Vey LT, Pillusky FM, Palma VM, Kantorski KZ, Bürger ME, Maciel RM, Danesi CC. Role of the adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to periodontal treatment at plasmatic oxidative stress and vascular behavior. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:538-544. [PMID: 28692925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate for the first time in vivo the effects of methylene blue (MB) photosensitizer dissolved in ethanol in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as adjuvant periodontal treatment, at plasmatic oxidative stress and vascular behavior in rat model. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into negative control (NC, no periodontitis) and positive control (PC, with periodontitis, without any treatment). The other groups had periodontitis and were treated with scaling and root planing (SRP); SRP+aPDT+MB dissolved in water (aPDT I); SRP+aPDT+MB dissolved in ethanol (aPDT II). The periodontitis was induced by ligature at the mandibular right first molar. At 7/15/30days, rats were euthanized, the plasma was used to determine oxidative stress parameters and gingival tissue for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS PC showed higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels in 7/15/30days. aPDT II was able to block the lipid peroxidation, especially between 15th and 30th days. Glutathione reduced levels were consumed in PC, aPDT I and II groups throughout the experiment. aPDT II increased the vitamin C levels which were restored in this group in the 30th day. aPDT II group showed the highest number of blood vessels. CONCLUSION In summary, the aPDT with MB dissolved in ethanol provides better therapeutic responses in periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Barin
- Post-Graduation Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - R C S Barcelos
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - L T Vey
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - F M Pillusky
- Post-Graduation Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - V M Palma
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - K Z Kantorski
- Post-Graduation Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M E Bürger
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R M Maciel
- Post-Graduation Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C C Danesi
- Post-Graduation Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Vasconcelos RC, Costa ADLL, Freitas RDA, Bezerra BADA, Santos BRMD, Pinto LP, Gurgel BCDV. Immunoexpression of HIF-1α and VEGF in Periodontal Disease and Healthy Gingival Tissues. Braz Dent J 2017; 27:117-22. [PMID: 27058371 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are proteins that stimulate the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. These proteins have been described in many pathologic and inflammatory conditions, but their involvement in the development of periodontitis has not been thoroughly investigated. This study compared the immunohistochemical expression of these proteins, involved in angiogenesis and hypoxia, by immunostained inflammatory and endothelial cells in periodontal disease and healthy gingival tissues. Gingival tissue samples were divided as follows: 30 samples with chronic periodontitis, 30 with chronic gingivitis, and 30 of healthy gingiva. Results were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation tests (p=0.01). Inflammatory and endothelial cells were found to express these proteins. Periodontitis showed median percentage of HIF-1α-positive cells of 39.6%, 22.0% in cases of gingivitis and 0.9% in the healthy gingiva group (p=0.001). For VEGF, median percentage of immunopositive cells was 68.7% for periodontitis, 66.1% in cases for gingivitis, and 19.2% for healthy gingival specimens (p<0.001). Significant correlation between VEGF and HIF-1α was also observed in healthy gingiva (p<0.001).The increased expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in periodontitis, compared to gingivitis and healthy gingiva, suggests possible activation of the HIF-1α pathway in advanced periodontal disease. The correlation between HIF-1α and VEGF expression in healthy gingiva suggests a physiological function for these proteins in conditions of homeostasis. In periodontal disease, HIF-1α and VEGF expression may be regulated by other factors, in addition to hypoxia, such as bacterial endotoxins and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseane Carvalho Vasconcelos
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Antônio de Lisboa Lopes Costa
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aguiar do Amaral Bezerra
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Evaluation of the Impact of the Clinical Periodontal Status on Volumetric Features of Gingival Crevicular Fluid by using Periotron<sup>®</sup> 8000. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Nazar Majeed Z, Philip K, Alabsi AM, Pushparajan S, Swaminathan D. Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:1804727. [PMID: 28074077 PMCID: PMC5198140 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1804727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background. Several studies in the last decades have focused on finding a precise method for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in its early stages. Aim. To evaluate from current scientific literature the most common and precise method for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection, biomarker analytical methods, and the variability of biomarker quantification, even when using the same analytical technique. Methodology. An electronic search was conducted on in vivo studies that presented clinical data on techniques used for GCF collection and biomarker analysis. Results. The results showed that 71.1%, 24.7%, and 4.1% of the studies used absorption, microcapillary, and washing techniques, respectively, in their gingival crevicular fluid collection. 73.1% of the researchers analyzed their samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 22.6%, 19.5%, and 18.5% of the researchers included interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively, in their studies as biomarkers for periodontal disease. Conclusion. IL-1β can be considered among the most common biomarkers that give precise results and can be used as an indicator of periodontal disease progression. Furthermore, paper strips are the most convenient and accurate method for gingival crevicular fluid collection, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be considered the most conventional method for the diagnosis of biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Nazar Majeed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Koshy Philip
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. M. Alabsi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saravanan Pushparajan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dasan Swaminathan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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29
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Pannicker JJ, Mehta DS. Effects of scaling and root planing on gingival crevicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor level in chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus: A clinicobiochemical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:244-8. [PMID: 27563195 PMCID: PMC4976542 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.176395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To estimate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in periodontally healthy controls and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) and also to investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the GCF VEGF level. Materials and Methods: One hundred and five patients were divided into three groups: Healthy (Group 1), CP (Group 2), and CP with DM (Group 3). Group 2 and Group 3 patients underwent SRP planning, and the cases were followed for 6 weeks. Periodontal clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded at baseline and 6-week posttherapy. GCF samples collected from each patient were quantified for VEGF level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean GCF VEGF level was increased in CP patients with and without DM compared to healthy patients and SRP therapy caused a statistically significant (P < 0.001) reduction in GCF VEGF level. Conclusion: VEGF is increased in GCF of CP patients with and without DM and that SRP substantially reduces its level in GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhoom Singh Mehta
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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30
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Salivary Markers for Periodontal and General Diseases. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9179632. [PMID: 27143814 PMCID: PMC4837271 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9179632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The determination of biomarkers in saliva is becoming an important part of laboratory diagnostics and the prediction of not only periodontal, but also other tissue and organ diseases. Biomarkers in saliva (e.g., enzymes, protein markers, or oxidative stress markers) can be used for activity determination and for periodontal disease prognosis. Saliva also contains many markers which can predict the risk of certain diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, oncology, endocrinology, and psychiatric diseases). The study of salivary components proteomics clearly shows the relationship of periodontal diseases and diseases of distant systems, organs, or tissues.
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31
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Ohshima M, Yamaguchi Y, Ambe K, Horie M, Saito A, Nagase T, Nakashima K, Ohki H, Kawai T, Abiko Y, Micke P, Kappert K. Fibroblast VEGF-receptor 1 expression as molecular target in periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:128-37. [PMID: 26932322 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Degradation of extracellular matrices is an integral part in periodontitis. For antagonizing this pathophysiological mechanism, we aimed at identifying gene expression profiles in disease progression contributing periodontitis-associated fibroblasts (PAFs) versus normal gingival fibroblasts to determine their molecular repertoire, and exploit it for therapeutic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Applying an exploratory analysis using a small number of microarrays in combination with a three dimensional (3D) in vitro culture model that incorporates some aspects of periodontitis, PAFs were initially characterized by gene-expression analyses, followed by targeted gene down-regulation and pharmacological intervention in vitro. Further, immunohistochemistry was applied for phosphorylation analyses in tissue specimens. RESULTS PAFs were characterized by 42 genes being commonly up-regulated >1.5-fold, and by five genes that were concordantly down-regulated (<0.7-fold). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-receptor 1 (Flt-1) was highly enhanced, and was thus further explored in in vitro culture models of periodontal fibroblasts without accounting for the microbiome. Phosphorylation of the VEGF-receptor 1 was enhanced in PAFs. Receptor inhibition by a specific VEGF-receptor inhibitor or intrinsic down-regulation by RNAi of the VEGF-receptor kinase in 3D gel cultures resulted in significant reduction in collagen degradation associated with increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase expression, suggesting that Flt-1 may contribute to periodontitis. CONCLUSION Based on the finding that VEGF-receptor kinase inhibition impaired collagen degradation pathways, Flt-1 may represent a candidate for therapeutic approaches in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiharu Ambe
- Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidero Ohki
- First Department of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Immunology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yoshimitsu Abiko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kai Kappert
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Jaedicke KM, Preshaw PM, Taylor JJ. Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2015; 70:164-83. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pamuk F, Cetinkaya BO, Keles GC, Balli U, Koyuncuoglu CZ, Cintan S, Kantarci A. Ankaferd blood stopper enhances healing after osseous grafting in patients with intrabony periodontal defects. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:540-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Pamuk
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul Aydin University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - B. O. Cetinkaya
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ondokuzmayis University; Samsun Turkey
| | - G. C. Keles
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ondokuzmayis University; Samsun Turkey
| | - U. Balli
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - C. Z. Koyuncuoglu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul Aydin University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - S. Cintan
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - A. Kantarci
- Department of Periodontology; Forsyth Institute; Cambridge MA USA
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Wang HL, Garaicoa-Pazmino C, Collins A, Ong HS, Chudri R, Giannobile WV. Protein biomarkers and microbial profiles in peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:1129-36. [PMID: 26424287 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present investigation was to determine the profile of peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) biomarkers combined with microbial profiles from implants with healthy peri-implant tissues and peri-implantitis to assess real-time disease activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-eight patients were included in this cross-sectional study. They were divided into two groups: 34 patients with at least one healthy implant (control) and 34 with at least one peri-implantitis affected implant (test). Total DNA content and qPCR analysis for periodontal bacteria obtained from subgingival plaque samples (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) and a PICF analysis for IL-1β, VEGF, MMP-8, TIMP-2, and OPG were performed. The individual and combined diagnostic ability of each biomarker for peri-implantitis and target bacterial species were analyzed. RESULTS The mean concentration of IL-1β (44.6 vs. 135.8 pg/ml; P < 0.001), TIMP-2 (5488.3 vs. 9771.8 pg/ml; P = 0.001), VEGF (59.1 vs. 129.0 pg/ml; P = 0.012), and OPG (66.5 vs. 111.7 pg/ml; P = 0.050) was increased in the peri-implantitis patients. The mean expression of MMP-8 (6029.2 vs. 5943.1 pg/ml; P = 0.454) and did not reveal a meaningful difference among groups. Total bacterial DNA of selected microorganisms was associated with a threefold or greater increase in peri-implantitis although no statistical significant difference. The ability to diagnose diseased sites was enhanced by T. denticola combined with IL-1β, VEGF, and TIMP-2 PICF levels. CONCLUSION The present data suggest that the increased levels of the selected PICF-derived biomarkers of periodontal tissue inflammation, matrix degradation/regulation, and alveolar bone turnover/resorption combined with site-specific microbial profiles may be associated with peri-implantitis and could have potential as predictors of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carlos Garaicoa-Pazmino
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy Collins
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hwen-Sei Ong
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rini Chudri
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Tamaki N, Yoshino F, Fukui M, Hayashida H, Yoshida A, Kitamura M, Iwasaki T, Furugen R, Kawasaki K, Nakazato M, Maeda T, Kokeguchi S, Yamamoto T, Lee MCI, Ito HO, Saito T. Relationship among salivary antioxidant activity, cytokines, and periodontitis: the Nagasaki Island study. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:711-718. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Tamaki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yoshino
- Division of Photomedical Dentistry; Department of Oral Science; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental University; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Makoto Fukui
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Hideaki Hayashida
- Department of Oral Health; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Ayaka Yoshida
- Division of Photomedical Dentistry; Department of Oral Science; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental University; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masayasu Kitamura
- Department of Oral Health; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwasaki
- Department of Oral Health; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Reiko Furugen
- Department of Oral Health; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Koji Kawasaki
- Community Medical Network Center; Nagasaki University Hospital; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Mio Nakazato
- Department of Island and Community Medicine; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Island and Community Medicine; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Susumu Kokeguchi
- Department of Oral Microbiology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Sociology; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental University; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masaichi Chang-il Lee
- Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Health Emergency Research Center & ESR Laboratories; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental University; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiro-O Ito
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Saito
- Department of Oral Health; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
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Kranti K, Mani R, Elizabeth A. Immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and Ki-67 in human gingival samples: An observational study. Indian J Dent 2015; 6:69-74. [PMID: 26097335 PMCID: PMC4455158 DOI: 10.4103/0975-962x.155885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate immunohistochemically vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki-67 in human gingival samples and to compare these factors between healthy and diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 subjects were included in the study. They were categorized into three groups: Periodontally healthy group, periodontally diseased gingiva without any systemic disease group and periodontally diseased gingiva with controlled type II diabetes mellitus (DM) group. Gingival biopsies were performed and immunohistochemical analysis were done for VEGF and Ki-67 staining in gingival samples. Results: The present study found moderate intensity staining for VEGF in periodontitis group and periodontitis with controlled type II DM group and mild intensity staining for VEGF in periodontally healthy group. With regard to Ki-67, negative staining was observed in periodontally healthy group and mild staining in periodontitis group and periodontitis with controlled type II DM group. Conclusion: Further investigation needs to be conducted to identify how VEGF and Ki-67 are involved in the tissue inflammation associated processes and the relationship between VEGF and Ki-67 in progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kranti
- Department of Periodontics, M S Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Mani
- Department of Periodontics, M S Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjana Elizabeth
- Department of Periodontics, M S Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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37
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R P, Sreedhara A, P I, Sarkar I, Kumar CS. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels in gingival crevicular fluid before and after periodontal therapy. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC75-9. [PMID: 25584323 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8450.5163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Of the various cytokines and growth factors regulating angiogenesis, the most potent agent acting on vascular endothelium is vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF). The present study aims to access VEGF concentration in periodontal diseases and the effect of periodontal therapy on its concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety five subjects (47 females and 48 males) 25- 47 y of age were divided into healthy (group-1), gingivitis (group-2), and periodontitis (group-3). GCF samples were collected using micro-capillary pipettes & were transferred immediately to plastic vials and stored at -70˚C until the time of the assay. The concentration of VEGF was determined using commercially available ELISA kit. RESULTS The mean VEGF concentration was highest in periodontitis patients (Group 3) (88.08±8.04pg/ml), with lowest in healthy patients (Group 1). VEGF levels reduced significantly after therapy in Groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION VEGF levels in GCF had a significant correlation with both periodontal disease progression and healing after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma R
- Head of the Department, Department of Periodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences , Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Annaji Sreedhara
- Reader, Department of Periodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences , Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Indeevar P
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, St. Joseph Dental College , Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Indranil Sarkar
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Periodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences , Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Chetan S Kumar
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics, St. Joseph Dental College , Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Ramya, Kumar S. Expression of VEGF in Periodontal Tissues of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Chronic Periodontitis -an Immunohistochemical Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC01-3. [PMID: 25302255 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/7772.4664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces proliferation of endothelial cells, stimulates angiogenesis, and increases vascular permeability, but information about its role in periodontal diseases is limited. The aim of this study is to determine the association between VEGF expression in healthy and periodontally diseased tissues of healthy and diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen systemically healthy and 17 Type 2 diabetic patients (DM), all diagnosed with periodontitis were enrolled into the study. Gingival samples were collected from both periodontal and healthy sites in all patients. Each patient served as his/her own control samples were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The diseased sites of diabetic subjects expressed higher level of VEGF when compared to diseased sites of non diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis, VEGF was observed in healthy periodontal tissues of both diabetic and systemically healthy people with periodontitis and VEGF was intensely present in monocytes and macrophages. CONCLUSION The increased expression of VEGF in diseased sites of diabetic patients suggests that diabetes mellitus might have direct influence over VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Sree Bhalaji Dental College Narayanapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Senthil Kumar
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital , Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
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Brogden KA, Johnson GK, Vincent SD, Abbasi T, Vali S. Oral inflammation, a role for antimicrobial peptide modulation of cytokine and chemokine responses. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:1097-113. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2013.836059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Günday S, Topcu AO, Ercan E, Yamalik N. Analysis of daytime variations in gingival crevicular fluid: a circadian periodicity? J Periodontol 2013; 85:e47-56. [PMID: 24144270 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volumetric alterations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are widely accepted to be associated with periodontal health/disease. The volume/flow of GCF was shown to be affected by an array of methodological factors. However, relatively limited information is available on whether GCF is subject to circadian rhythm. The main aim of the present study is to assess the possible presence/absence of GCF circadian rhythm. The impact of the sampling technique on daytime volumetric variations is also analyzed. METHODS The possible daily volumetric variations of GCF with 2-hour intervals (from 08:00 to 18:00 hours) were assessed in 100 tooth sites and 600 GCF samples. Only maxillary incisors were included to eliminate any potential volumetric differences due to tooth dimensions. To analyze the potential impact of sampling technique on GCF volume and daytime variations, at one site modified intracrevicular sampling technique (MIST) was used, whereas the contralateral site was sampled with a deep intracrevicular sampling technique (DIST). Clinical periodontal parameters of the GCF sites were also recorded. RESULTS No significant daily variations in GCF volume could be detected. Higher volumetric measures were observed in inflamed subgroups compared with healthy subgroups (P <0.05). MIST was equivalent to DIST with regard to mean GCF volumes and the possible daytime volumetric alterations. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of the present study, it can be suggested that daytime variations did not have significant impact on GCF volume. The sampling methodology had no apparent impact on the circadian periodicity of GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Günday
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Keswani SG, Balaji S, Le LD, Leung A, Parvadia JK, Frischer J, Yamano S, Taichman N, Crombleholme TM. Role of salivary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in palatal mucosal wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:554-62. [PMID: 23758212 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mucosa of alimentary tract heals more rapidly than cutaneous wounds. The underlying mechanisms of this enhanced healing have not been completely elucidated. Constant exposure to salivary growth factors has been shown to play a critical role in mucosal homeostasis and tissue repair. Angiogenesis also has an essential role in successful wound repair. One of the main angiogenic growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has a pleiotropic role in tissue repair via neovascularization, reepithelialization, and regulation of extracellular matrix. We have previously reported a critical role for salivary VEGF in bowel adaptation after small bowel resection. We hypothesize that salivary VEGF is an essential stimulus for oral mucosal tissue repair, and use the murine palatal wound model to test our hypothesis. In a loss-of-function experiment, we removed the primary source of VEGF production through selective submandibular gland (SMG) sialoadenectomy in a murine model and observed the effects on wound closure and neovascularization. We then performed a selective loss-of-function experiment using the protein VEGF-Trap to inhibit salivary VEGF. In a gain-of-function experiment, we supplemented oral VEGF following SMG sialoadenectomy. After SMG sialoadenectomy, there was significant reduction in salivary VEGF level, wound closure, and vessel density. Lower levels of salivary VEGF were correlated with impaired neovascularization and reepithelialization. The selective blockade of VEGF using VEGF-Trap resulted in a similar impairment in wound healing and neovascularization. The sole supplementation of oral VEGF after SMG sialoadenectomy rescued the impaired wound healing phenotype and restored neovascularization to normal levels. These data show a novel role for salivary-VEGF in mucosal wound healing, and provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutics aimed at augmenting wound repair of the oral mucosa, as well as wounds at other sites in the alimentary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep G Keswani
- Center for Molecular Fetal Therapy, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
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Balli U, Keles GC, Cetinkaya BO, Mercan U, Ayas B, Erdogan D. Assessment of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the periodontium of rats treated with atorvastatin. J Periodontol 2013; 85:178-87. [PMID: 23646851 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to examine, for the first time, the role of systemic and local atorvastatin application on periodontium using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis during and after experimental periodontitis induction with or without the presence of microbial dental biofilm. METHODS One hundred ten male Wistar rats were used. Silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars; rats in the healthy control group received no ligatures (n = 10). In experimental periodontitis groups (n = 90), systemic and local atorvastatin and saline were administered in three different periods; the control periodontitis group (n = 10) received no treatment. Histomorphometric analysis, which included alveolar bone area, alveolar bone level, and attachment loss, and immunohistochemical analysis, which included immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, were performed after the rats were sacrificed at the end of the experimental procedure. RESULTS There was a greater increase in alveolar bone area and VEGF immunoreactivity, as well as a greater decrease in alveolar bone and attachment loss and MMP-9 immunoreactivity, with systemic and local atorvastatin application during and after induction of experimental periodontitis. Local atorvastatin application showed better results on periodontium with regard to alveolar bone findings. CONCLUSIONS Systemic and local atorvastatin application showed beneficial effects on periodontium during and after induction of experimental periodontitis. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that atorvastatin, which is used for hypercholesterolemia treatment, can also be used as a protective and therapeutic agent for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Balli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Comparison of soft tissue healing around implants in beagle dogs: flap surgery versus flapless surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:e21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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A retrospective analysis of periodontitis during bevacizumab treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2012; 18:1020-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-012-0478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kittaka M, Shiba H, Kajiya M, Ouhara K, Takeda K, Kanbara K, Fujita T, Kawaguchi H, Komatsuzawa H, Kurihara H. Antimicrobial peptide LL37 promotes vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:228-34. [PMID: 22943069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE LL37, originally found in the innate immune system, is a robust antimicrobial peptide. LL37 exhibits multiple bio-functions in various cell types, such as migration, cytokine production, apoptosis, and angiogenesis besides its antimicrobial activity Periodontal ligament (PL) cells play a pivotal role in periodontal tissue regeneration. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that LL37 can regulate PL cell function to promote regeneration of periodontal tissue. To prove this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of LL37 on the potent angiogenic inducer vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cultures of human PL (HPL) cells because neovascularization is indispensable for the progress of tissue regeneration. Moreover, we investigated the signaling cascade associated with LL37-induced VEGF expression. MATERIAL AND METHOD HPL cells were treated with synthesized LL37 in the presence or absence of PD98059, a MEK-ERK inhibitor, or PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor. VEGF expression levels were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 or NF-κB p65 were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS LL37 upregulated VEGF-A expression at the mRNA and protein levels in HPL cells, while VEGF-B mRNA expression was not affected. Both ERK and NF-κB inhibitors clearly abrogated the increase in VEGF-A levels induced by LL37 in HPL cells. Importantly, LL37 increased phosphorylated levels of ERK1/2 and NF-κB p65 in HPL cells. CONCLUSION LL37 induces VEGF-A production in HPL cells via ERK and NF-κB signaling cascades, which may result in angiogenesis, thereby contributing to periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kittaka
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Detection and quantitation of forty eight cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and nine acute phase proteins in healthy human plasma, saliva and urine. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4802-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Loo WT, Wang M, Jin L, Cheung MN, Li G. Association of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 gene polymorphisms and their proteins with chronic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1081-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Noguchi K, Miwa Y, Sunohara M, Sato I. Analysis of vascular distribution and growth factors in human gingival tissue associated with periodontal probing depth. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2011; 88:75-83. [PMID: 22184869 DOI: 10.2535/ofaj.88.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of blood vessel endothelium. Tissue levels of this angiogenesis marker are unknown in human gingival tissue, as is the correlation between vascular growth factors and hypoxia-inducible factor. We examined the expression of VEGF, type III tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGF-R2), platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mRNA from human gingival tissue of the oral cavity. Tissue samples were from a small quantity of gingival sample biopsy with gingival sulcular depth (GSD) < 2 mm (Group 1), 2 to 4 mm (Group 2), and > 4 mm (Group 3). We found that the levels of VEGF-R2, CD31 and HIF mRNA were higher in the gingival tissue of Group 2 than that of Group 1, and VEGF in the Group 3 was also higher than that of Group 1. The different mRNA levels of these markers may reflect the mRNA levels reflect the vasculature state of gingival tissue based on GSD. VEGF-R2 and HIF also indicate the presence of an elongated blood vessel in the gingival tissue. In the early stage of angiogenesis, VEGF-R2 leads to expression of VEGF, and HIF-1 mediates increased VEGF expression in response to hypoxia in swollen tissues or during the expansion of periodontal tissues, which is useful in the early diagnosis of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Noguchi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
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Schapher M, Wendler O, Gröschl M. Salivary cytokines in cell proliferation and cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1740-8. [PMID: 21736875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While the presence of multiple systemic steroids, amines and peptides in saliva has been reported, other hormones of the circulation do not appear in saliva. Substances present within saliva may be classified in different groups: first, those which passively display blood plasma concentrations and constitute a promising alternative to evaluate certain systemic parameters. Second, molecules which seem to play a more active, regulatory role within the upper gastrointestinal tract. Concerning the latter, a growing awareness, especially with regards to salivary peptides has been established. Up to now, understanding the distinct effects of salivary peptides known so far is in its infancy. Various publications, however, emphasize important effects of their presence. Salivary peptides can influence inflammatory processes and cell proliferation in epithelia of the upper digestive tract. These include transforming growth factors (TGFs), epidermal growth factors (EGFs), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) as well as amines such as melatonin. Of those, candidate cytokines like interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) and leptin are involved in neoplastic activities of salivary glands and the oral cavity. The exact mechanisms of action are not yet completely understood, but their presence can be utilized for diagnostic purposes. Salivary gland tumors in patients may, in certain circumstances, be identified by saliva diagnostics. Saliva samples of the concerned patients, for instance, reveal significantly higher leptin concentrations than those of healthy individuals. Numerous studies postulate that, beside single indicators, the establishment of salivary hormone profiles may assist clinicians and researchers in detecting tumors and other pathologies of the oral cavity, including adjacent tissues, with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Schapher
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Germany.
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