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Zeng W, Liu G, Luan Q, Yang C, Luo X, Zhu Z, Yu X. Epstein-Barr Virus Promotes Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Int Dent J 2024; 74:607-615. [PMID: 38228433 PMCID: PMC11123576 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic oral inflammatory diseases. Over the past decade, herpes viruses, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), have been considered promising pathogenic candidates for periodontitis. However, the specific mechanism by which EBV contributes to the development of periodontitis is still unknown. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of EBV underlying the inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS HGFs were stimulated with different concentrations of EBV (104, 105, 106, 107, and 108 DNA copies/mL) for 0, 8, 24, or 48 hours. The mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed for determining the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1. Real-time PCR and ELISA were performed to determine the protein levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1. Activation of the TLR9/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was evaluated using western blotting. RESULTS The expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1 were significantly upregulated in HGFs under EBV stimulation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. EBV promoted TLR9 and MyD88 expression and induced NF-κB transcription. On the contrary, the upregulation of these factors and the activation of NF-κB pathway were drastically inhibited by TLR9 antagonists. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that EBV promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 in HGFs through the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Zeng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guojing Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Rangel-Coelho JP, Gogolla PV, Meyer MD, Simão LC, Costa BC, Casarin RCV, Santamaria MP, Teixeira LN, Peruzzo DC, Lisboa-Filho PN, Nociti-Jr FH, Kantovitz KR. Titanium dioxide nanotubes applied to conventional glass ionomer cement influence the expression of immunoinflammatory markers: An in vitro study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30834. [PMID: 38784540 PMCID: PMC11112319 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the impact of different concentrations TiO2-nt incorporated into a glass ionomer cement on the proliferation, mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production of cultured fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), whether or not stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS-2 μg/mL, 24 h). Methods TiO2-nt was added to KM (Ketac Molar EasyMix™, 3 %, 5 %, 7 % in weight); unblended KM was used as the control. The analyses included: Cell proliferation assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Mitochondrial metabolism assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Confocal laser microscopy (n = 3; 24/48/72h); Determination of biomarkers (IL-1β/IL-6/IL-10/VEGF/TNF) by using both multiplex technology (n = 6; 12/18 h) and the quantitative real-time PCR assay (q-PCR) (n = 3, 24/72/120 h). The data underwent analysis using both the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, and by generalized linear models (α = 0.05). Results It demonstrated that cell proliferation increased over time, regardless of the presence of TiO2-nt or LPS, and displayed a significant increase at 72 h; mitochondrial metabolism increased (p < 0.05), irrespective of exposure to LPS (p = 0.937); no cell morphology changes were observed; TiO2-nt reverted the impact of KM on the secreted levels of the evaluated proteins and the gene expressions in the presence of LPS (p < 0.0001). Conclusions TiO2-nt did not adversely affect the biological behavior of fibroblastic cells cultured on GIC discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rangel-Coelho
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Pedro Viel Gogolla
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Maria Davoli Meyer
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Lucas Carvalho Simão
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carolina Costa
- Department of Physics, School of Science, State University Júlio de Mesquita (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube 2085, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Renato Côrrea Viana Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), Av. Limeira 901, Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Novaes Teixeira
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Peruzzo
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho
- Department of Physics, School of Science, State University Júlio de Mesquita (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube 2085, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti-Jr
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute - ADASRI, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Group, Innovation and Technology Research, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
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3
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Karlis GD, Schoenmaker T, Tsoromokos N, Veth OE, Loos BG, de Vries TJ. Passaging of gingival fibroblasts from periodontally healthy and diseased sites upregulates osteogenesis-related genes. Hum Cell 2024; 37:193-203. [PMID: 37882908 PMCID: PMC10764533 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
To investigate biological processes of the periodontium, in vitro primary cell models have been established. To study the biology of the gingiva, primary gingival fibroblast cell models are widely used. For such experiments, cells need to be expanded and passaged. A key assumption is that primary cells maintain most of their original characteristics they have in situ. The aim of this research is to explore the impact of early passaging on selected gene expression of human gingival fibroblast cells. For this purpose, gene expression from the outgrowth of the resected tissues until the fourth passage was followed for nine tissue samples, from both healthy and diseased sites. Micrographs were taken from the cultures, RNA was extracted from the samples of each passage and quantitative PCR was performed for selected genes representing various biological processes. Epithelial cells were present during the first outgrowth, but were no longer present in the second passage. Our results indicate that the morphology of the gingival fibroblast cells does not change with passaging and that passages 2-4 contain only gingival fibroblasts. Gene expression of M-CSF, TNF-α, TLR4, POSTN and FAPα was unchanged by passaging, the expression of IL-6, IL-1β and TLR2 decreased due to passaging and the expression of in particular the selected osteogenesis genes (ALP, RUNX2, Osteonectin, COL1A), OPG and MKI67 increased with passaging. Worldwide, use of the same passage in laboratory experiments using primary cell cultures is the standard. Our results support this, since for certain genes, in particular osteogenesis genes, expression may alter solely due to passaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos D Karlis
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Private Practice for Periodontology and Implantology, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Olaf E Veth
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Private Practice for Periodontology and Implantology, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chen WA, Dou Y, Fletcher HM, Boskovic DS. Local and Systemic Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:470. [PMID: 36838435 PMCID: PMC9963840 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe, is a leading etiological agent in periodontitis. This infectious pathogen can induce a dysbiotic, proinflammatory state within the oral cavity by disrupting commensal interactions between the host and oral microbiota. It is advantageous for P. gingivalis to avoid complete host immunosuppression, as inflammation-induced tissue damage provides essential nutrients necessary for robust bacterial proliferation. In this context, P. gingivalis can gain access to the systemic circulation, where it can promote a prothrombotic state. P. gingivalis expresses a number of virulence factors, which aid this pathogen toward infection of a variety of host cells, evasion of detection by the host immune system, subversion of the host immune responses, and activation of several humoral and cellular hemostatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Chen
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Yuetan Dou
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hansel M Fletcher
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Danilo S Boskovic
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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5
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Inomata M, Amano S, Abe M, Hayashi T, Sakagami H. Innate immune response of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts via the Dectin-1/Syk pathway. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 36748551 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. A diverse microbiota including fungi exists in the subgingival sites of patients with chronic periodontitis. The cell wall of Candida albicans, the most abundant fungal species, contains β-glucan. Dectin-1 binds β-glucan and participates in fungal recognition.Gap statement. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) are present in the periodontal ligament and synthesize immunomodulatory cytokines that influence the local response to infections. However, the expression and role of Dectin-1 in PDLFs have not been explored.Aim. This study aimed to determine if PDLFs express Dectin-1 and induce innate immune responses through Dectin-1 and the signalling molecule Syk.Methodology. The expression of Dectin-1 in PDLFs was determined by flow cytometry, western blotting and confocal microscopy. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the immune response of PDLFs stimulated with β-glucan-rich zymosan and C. albicans.Results. Dectin-1 was constitutively expressed in PDLFs. Zymosan induced the expression of cytokines, including IL6, IL1B and IL17A, and the chemokine IL8. Zymosan also induced the expression of the antimicrobial peptide β-defensin-1 (DEFB1). Further, the phosphorylation of Syk and NF-κB occurred upon Dectin-1 activation. Notably, heat-killed C. albicans induced the expression of IL6, IL17A, IL8 and DEFB1, and this activation was suppressed by the Syk inhibitor, R406.Conclusion. These findings indicate that the Dectin-1/Syk pathway induces an innate immune response of PDLFs, which may facilitate the control of oral infections such as candidiasis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Inomata
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Shigeru Amano
- Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Masayo Abe
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Toru Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
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6
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Makkar H, Atkuru S, Tang YL, Sethi T, Lim CT, Tan KS, Sriram G. Differential immune responses of 3D gingival and periodontal connective tissue equivalents to microbial colonization. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221111650. [PMID: 35923175 PMCID: PMC9340411 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts are functionally distinct cell
types within the dento-gingival unit that participate in host immune response.
Their microenvironment influences the behavior and immune response to microbial
challenge. We developed three-dimensional gingival and periodontal connective
tissue equivalents (CTEs) using human fibrin-based matrix. The CTEs were
characterized, and the heterogeneity in their innate immune response was
investigated. The CTEs demonstrated no to minimal response to planktonic
Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus
oralis, while their biofilms elicited a moderate increase in IL-6
and IL-8 production. In contrast, Fusobacterium nucleatum
provoked a substantial increase in IL-6 and IL-8 production. Interestingly, the
gingival CTEs secreted significantly higher IL-6, while periodontal counterparts
produced higher IL-8. In conclusion, the gingival and periodontal CTEs exhibited
differential responses to various bacterial challenges. This gives insights into
the contribution of tissue topography and fibroblast heterogeneity in rendering
protective and specific immune responses toward early biofilm colonizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Makkar
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Ling Tang
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tanya Sethi
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Soo Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Abraham D, Singh A, Kurian A, Gupta A, Aneja K, Sethi S. Correlation of endodontic infection and cytokine expression in patients with systemic diseases: A systematic review of clinical studies. ENDODONTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_13_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lu J, Hu Y, Tang Z, Zhang C, Jin L, Gu M, Yang Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide enhances the proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells via upregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin A and cyclin B1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:2. [PMID: 34815754 PMCID: PMC8593868 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) play a notable role in periodontal tissue homeostasis and regeneration. However, the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on the proliferation of hPDLCs remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects of Pg-LPS on the proliferation profile of hPDLCs, and the involvement of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in the process. hPDLCs were treated with Pg-LPS, and cell proliferation and cycle were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of the cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), including cyclins A, B1, D1 and D2 and CDK1, 2 and 4, were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of cyclins A, B1 and D1 were analysed using western blotting. The proliferation of hPDLCs was significantly increased after treatment with Pg-LPS at the concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml for 24, 36 and 48 h compared with the cells cultured without LPS (P<0.01). The proliferation index of hPDLCs was significantly enhanced after treatment with Pg-LPS (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml) for 24 h (P<0.01). However, the S-phase fraction (SPF) only significantly increased after treatment with Pg-LPS at 0.01 µg/ml for 24 h (P<0.05), while the G2/M-phase fraction increased (P<0.01) and the G0/G1-phase fraction decreased (P<0.01) compared with the controls. The proliferation index and SPF increased, peaked at 24 h and then decreased at 48 h in both Pg-LPS-stimulated and control groups. Notably, Pg-LPS significantly upregulated the expression levels of cyclins D1, A and B1 after 24 h compared with those in the controls. Overall, the present study indicated that Pg-LPS may enhance the proliferation of hPDLCs, potentially through upregulation of cyclins D1, A and B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Lu
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Medical Technology, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Hu
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Tang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Min Gu
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
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Huang YK, Tseng KF, Tsai PH, Wang JS, Lee CY, Shen MY. IL-8 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Periodontitis and Its Inhibition by Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073641. [PMID: 33807391 PMCID: PMC8037988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) are elevated in patients with periodontitis. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) improves the periodontal status in subjects. However, whether CAPE can reduce IL-8 expression is unclear. We collected saliva to determine proinflammatory cytokine levels and used subgingival calculus and surrounding tissues from patients with periodontitis for oral microbiota analysis via 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. THP-1 cells were stimulated with sterile-filtered saliva from patients, and target gene/protein expression was assessed. IL-8 mRNA expression was analyzed in saliva-stimulated THP-1 cells treated with CAPE and the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor tin-protoporphyrin (SnPP). In 72 symptomatic individuals, IL-8 was correlated with periodontal inflammation (bleeding on probing, r = 0.45; p < 0.001) and disease severity (bleeding on probing, r = 0.45; p < 0.001) but not with the four oral microbiota species tested. Reduced salivary IL-8 secretion was correlated with effective periodontitis treatment (r = 0.37, p = 0.0013). In THP-1 cells, saliva treatment induced high IL-8 expression and IKK2 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation. However, the IKK inhibitor BMS-345541, NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082, and CAPE attenuated saliva-induced IL-8 expression. CAPE induced HO-1 expression and inhibited IKK2, IκBα, and NF-κB phosphorylation. Blocking HO-1 decreased the anti-inflammatory activity of CAPE. The targeted suppression of IL-8 production using CAPE reduces inflammation and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Kai Huang
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Feng Tseng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-Hsuan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (P.-H.T.); (J.-S.W.)
| | - Jie-Sian Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (P.-H.T.); (J.-S.W.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yu Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yi Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (P.-H.T.); (J.-S.W.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(4)-2205-3366 (ext. 5809)
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10
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Wang Z, Chen Z, Fang F, Qiu W. The role of adiponectin in periodontitis: Current state and future prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111358. [PMID: 33561644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), which is an adipokine primarily secreted by adipose tissue into the peripheral blood, exerts anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory functions in many systemic inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is a localized inflammatory disease and is also the sixth-leading complication of diabetes. Uncontrolled periodontal inflammation gradually destructs the periodontal supporting apparatus and leads to the consequent loss of teeth. Recently, emerging evidence has revealed an association between APN and periodontitis. Herein, we summarize the basic information of APN and its receptor agonists. We also overview current studies considering the role of APN in periodontitis and discuss the potential mechanisms in terms of inflammation and bone metabolism. At last, we outline the correlation between APN and systemic diseases related periodontitis. Above all, APN and its agonists are promising candidates for the treatment of periodontitis, while the underlying mechanisms and clinical translational application require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zehao Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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11
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Ali M, Yang F, Plachokova AS, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF. Application of specialized pro-resolving mediators in periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a review. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12759. [PMID: 33565133 PMCID: PMC7986752 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scaling and root planning is a key element in the mechanical therapy used for the eradication of biofilm, which is the major etiological factor for periodontitis and peri‐implantitis. However, periodontitis is also a host mediated disease, therefore, removal of the biofilm without adjunctive therapy may not achieve the desired clinical outcome due to persistent activation of the innate and adaptive immune cells. Most recently, even the resident cells of the periodontium, including periodontal ligament fibroblasts, have been shown to produce several inflammatory factors in response to bacterial challenge. With increased understanding of the pathophysiology of periodontitis, more research is focusing on opposing excessive inflammation with specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs). This review article covers the major limitations of current standards of care for periodontitis and peri‐implantitis, and it highlights recent advances and prospects of SPMs in the context of tissue reconstruction and regeneration. Here, we focus primarily on the role of SPMs in restoring tissue homeostasis after periodontal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad Ali
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adelina S Plachokova
- Department of Dentistry, Implantology and Periodontology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - X Frank Walboomers
- Department of Dentistry, Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Medara N, Lenzo JC, Walsh KA, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Reynolds EC, Darby IB. Peripheral T helper cell profiles during management of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 48:76-90. [PMID: 33051896 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Periodontitis has been associated with other systemic diseases with underlying inflammation responsible for the shared link. This study evaluated longitudinal variation in peripheral T helper cells in periodontitis patients undergoing management over 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontal parameters and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 54 periodontitis patients at baseline, and 3-, 6- and 12-months post-treatment and 40 healthy controls. IFN-γ+ , IL-4+ , IL-17+ and Foxp3+ and their double-positive expression were identified in CD4+ and TCRαβ+ cells using flow cytometry. PBMCs were incubated with P. gingivalis, and IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 in cell supernatant were measured by ELISA. Cells and cytokines were also assessed based on clinical response to treatment where good (<10% of sites), moderate (10-20%) and poor (>20%) treatment outcome (TxO) groups had probing depths of ≥5 mm at study conclusion. RESULTS IFN-γ+ cells were lower at baseline, and 3- and 6-months compared to health, whereas Foxp3+ cells were increased at 12-months compared to all preceding timepoints and health. The good TxO group showed treatment-related variation in IFN-γ+ and Foxp3+ cells, whereas the poor TxO group did not. IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokine expression in cell supernatants was significantly lower at baseline compared to health, and IFN-γ and IL-10 showed treatment-related decrease. CONCLUSION This study suggests that IFN-γ+ and Foxp3+ cells may have a role in the systemic compartment in periodontitis. Periodontal management has local and systemic effects, and thus, assessment and management of periodontitis should form an integral part of overall systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Medara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason C Lenzo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivan B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Inaba H, Yoshida S, Nomura R, Kato Y, Asai F, Nakano K, Matsumoto-Nakano M. Porphyromonas gulae lipopolysaccharide elicits inflammatory responses through toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in human gingivalis epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13254. [PMID: 32827217 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gulae, a Gram-negative black-pigmented anaerobe, has been associated with periodontal disease in companion animals and its virulence has been attributed to various factors, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), protease and fimbriae. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as peptidoglycan, lipids, lipoproteins, nucleic acid and LPS. Following P. gulae infection, some inflammatory responses are dependent on both TLR2 and TLR4. In addition, a recent clinical study revealed that acute and persistent inflammatory responses enhance the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in the oral cavity. In this study, we investigated the interaction between P. gulae LPS and human gingivalis epithelial cells (Ca9-22 cells). P. gulae LPS was found to increase TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expressions and protein productions, and enhanced inflammatory responses, such as COX2 , TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and IL-8. Stimulated Ca9-22 cells exhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, and their inhibitors diminished inflammatory responses, while knockdown of the TLR2 and/or TLR4 genes with small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented inflammatory responses. Moreover, p38 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was decreased in TLR2 and TLR4 gene knockdown cells. These findings suggest that P. gulae LPS activates p38 and ERK1/2 via TLR2 and TLR4, leading to inflammatory responses in human gingival epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sho Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Veterinary Public Health II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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14
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The effect of lipoxin A4 on E. coli LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:957-969. [PMID: 32506323 PMCID: PMC7878239 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of lipoxin-type A4 (LXA4) on bacterial-induced osteoclastogenesis. Material and methods Human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) in coculture with osteoclast precursors (RAW264.7 cells) were exposed to bacterial stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation. After 24 h, cells were treated to 100 ng/ml of LXA4 and 50 ng/ml of forymul peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) receptor antagonist (Boc-2). After 5 days, osteoclastic resorptive activity was assessed on calcium phosphate (CaP) synthetic bone substitute. Additionally, osteoclastic differentiation was evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, TRAP enzymatic activity assay, and on the expression of osteoclast-specific genes. Results We found that stimulation of in the osteoclasts with LPS-stimulated PDLCs induced a significant increase in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells, higher resorptive activity, and enhanced expression of specific genes. Meanwhile, LXA4-treatment exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity, and was able to reverse these inflammatory effects. Conclusions We conclude that (1) PDLCs are a potential target for treating bacterial-induced bone resorption in patients with periodontal disease, and (2) LXA4 is a suitable candidate for such therapy. Clinical relevance The results prove that lipoxins have a protective role in bacterial-induced periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption, which can be translated into a clinical beneficial alterative treatment.
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Möller B, Kollert F, Sculean A, Villiger PM. Infectious Triggers in Periodontitis and the Gut in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): A Complex Story About Association and Causality. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1108. [PMID: 32582191 PMCID: PMC7283532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immune mediated inflammatory disease of unknown origin, which is predominantly affecting the joints. Antibodies against citrullinated peptides are a rather specific immunological hallmark of this heterogeneous entity. Furthermore, certain sequences of the third hypervariable region of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules, the so called "shared epitope" sequences, appear to promote autoantibody positive types of RA. However, MHC-II molecule and other genetic associations with RA could not be linked to immune responses against specific citrullinated peptides, nor do genetic factors fully explain the origin of RA. Consequently, non-genetic factors must play an important role in the complex interaction of endogenous and exogenous disease factors. Tobacco smoking was the first environmental factor that was associated with onset and severity of RA. Notably, smoking is also an established risk factor for oral diseases. Furthermore, smoking is associated with extra-articular RA manifestations such as interstitial lung disease in anatomical proximity to the airway mucosa, but also with subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules. In the mouth, Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen with unique citrullinating capacity of foreign microbial antigens as well as candidate RA autoantigens. Although the original hypothesis that this single pathogen is causative for RA remained unproven, epidemiological as well as experimental evidence linking periodontitis (PD) with RA is rapidly accumulating. Other periopathogens such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia were also proposed to play a specific immunodominant role in context of RA. However, demonstration of T cell reactivity against citrullinated, MHC-II presented autoantigens from RA synovium coinciding with immunity against Prevotella copri (Pc.), a gut microbe attracted attention to another mucosal site, the intestine. Pc. was accumulated in the feces of clinically healthy subjects with citrulline directed immune responses and was correlated with RA onset. In conclusion, we retrieved more than one line of evidence for mucosal sites and different microbial taxa to be potentially involved in the development of RA. This review gives an overview of infectious agents and mucosal pathologies, and discusses the current evidence for causality between different exogenous or mucosal factors and systemic inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Möller
- Department for Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Inselspital-University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kollert
- Department for Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Inselspital-University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Villiger
- Department for Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Inselspital-University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Reis MVDP, Souza GLD, Soares PBF, Souza MAD, Soares CJ, Moura CCG. Effect of ScLL and 15d-PGJ2 on viability and cytokine release in LPS-stimulated fibroblasts: an in vitro study. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e013. [PMID: 32074213 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of a cyclopentenone-type PG, 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-PG J2 (15d-PGJ2), and lectin (ScLL) on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), and on IL-6 and TGFβ-1 release by these fibroblasts, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). HGFs were stimulated with LPS 10 μg/ml and treated with 15d-PGJ2 1 and 2 μg/ml, and ScLL 2 and 5 μg/ml, for 1 and 3h, and then evaluated for viability by MTT assay. Supernatant was collected to detect IL-6 and TGFβ-1 release, by ELISA. Positive control was cells kept in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, and negative control was those kept in LPS. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett's test (α = 0.05). No significant difference was found in viability among experimental groups at 1h (p > 0.05). Percentage of ScLL 5 µg/ml viable cells was similar to that of positive control at evaluated periods (p > 0.05), whereas the other groups had lower levels than the positive control (p < 0.05). IL-6 release was statistically higher for ScLL 5 μg/ml and 15d-PGJ2 2 µg/ml at 1h, compared with the other treated groups and positive control (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found among the groups at 3h (p > 0.05), except for ScLL 2 µg/ml and 15d-PGJ2 1 µg/ml, which showed lower IL-6 release compared with that of negative control (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found among the groups for TGFβ-1 release (p > 0.05). Results indicated that ScLL 5 μg/ml did not interfere in viability, and ScLL 2 µg/ml and 15d-PGJ2 1 µg/ml demonstrated reduced IL-6 release. Tested substances had no effect on TGFβ-1 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Verdinelli de Paula Reis
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Leite de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Nomura R, Inaba H, Yasuda H, Shirai M, Kato Y, Murakami M, Iwashita N, Shirahata S, Yoshida S, Matayoshi S, Yasuda J, Arai N, Asai F, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Nakano K. Inhibition of Porphyromonas gulae and periodontal disease in dogs by a combination of clindamycin and interferon alpha. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3113. [PMID: 32080231 PMCID: PMC7033253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gulae is a major periodontal pathogen in dogs, which can be transmitted to their owners. A major virulence factor of P. gulae consists of a 41-kDa filamentous appendage (FimA) on the cell surface, which is classified into three genotypes: A, B, and C. Thus far, inhibition of periodontal disease in dogs remains difficult. The present study assessed the inhibitory effects of a combination of clindamycin and interferon alpha (IFN-α) formulation against P. gulae and periodontal disease. Growth of P. gulae was significantly inhibited by clindamycin; this inhibition had a greater effect on type C P. gulae than on type A and B isolates. In contrast, the IFN-α formulation inhibited the expression of IL-1β and COX-2 elicited by type A and B isolates, but not that elicited by type C isolates. Furthermore, periodontal recovery was promoted by the administration of both clindamycin and IFN-α formulation to dogs undergoing periodontal treatment; moreover, this combined treatment reduced the number of FimA genotypes in oral specimens from treated dogs. These results suggest that a combination of clindamycin and IFN-α formulation inhibit P. gulae virulence and thus may be effective for the prevention of periodontal disease induced by P. gulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuyuki Shirai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Veterinary Public Health II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwashita
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - So Shirahata
- Primo Animal Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sho Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Saaya Matayoshi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Harorli OT, Hatipoglu M, Erin N. Effect of Photobiomodulation on Secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by Human Gingival Fibroblasts In Vitro. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 37:457-464. [PMID: 31390315 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 940-nm diode laser irradiation on proinflammatory cytokine secretions [interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8] by human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Background: Photobiomodulation has been routinely used in many dental procedures; however, the exact biological action mechanism of photobiomodulation and its therapeutic benefits have not been established. Methods: Cells derived from systemically healthy individuals were treated with three different laser parameters-6 J for 20 sec [0.84 J/cm2 (0.04 W/cm2)], 10 J for 20 sec [1.4 J/cm2 (0.07 W/cm2)], and 14 J for 20 sec [1.97 J/cm2 (0.09 W/cm2)]-in the presence and absence of 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Laser irradiations were carried out by a 940-nm diode laser device in continuous pain therapy mode with a deep tissue handpiece. Changes in cell viability, cytokine secretions, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway expressions were investigated, and results were compared with negative (medium) and positive control (1 μg/mL LPS) groups. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test for pairwise comparisons among groups at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: Laser therapy with 0.84-1.4 J/cm2 amplified IL-6 and IL-8 secretions, whereas 1.97 J/cm2 suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 release in LPS-stimulated cells. Cell viability did not show a variation with photobiomodulation. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that photobiomodulation can alter IL-6 and IL-8 release, with cytokine suppression potency at a relatively high dose, as demonstrated previously. However, in contrast, we found that a low level of stimulation (6 J) in the presence of inflammation (LPS stimulation) may further enhance IL-6 and IL-8 release. We also found that p38 and ERK1/2 pathways are activated by LPS as well as by photobiomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Tolga Harorli
- 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mukerrem Hatipoglu
- 2Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nuray Erin
- 3Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Gleiznys D, Gleiznys A, Abraškevičiūtė L, Vitkauskienė A, Šaferis V, Sakalauskienė J. Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-1β Cytokines Expression in Leukocytes of Patients with Chronic Peri-Mucositis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7471-7479. [PMID: 31586435 PMCID: PMC6792512 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present research is to analyze the effect of polyphenols and flavonoids substrat (PFS) from plants Calendula officinalis, Salvia fruticosa, Achillea millefolium, and propolis as immunomodulatory in the production of interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-10 in peripheral blood leukocytes medium (PBLM) in patients who were diagnosed with mucositis of peri-implant tissue compared to patients with healthy implant tissue. It was hypothesized that IL-1ß and IL-10 contribute to the inflammation processes noticed in the diseases of peri-implant tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty non-smoking patients were included in this study: patients with healthy implants (HP group) and patients with peri-implant mucositis (MP group). Peri-mucositis was diagnosed by radiologic and clinical examination. The PBLM from MP were treated with PFS at various concentrations. The levels of IL-10 and IL-1ß excreted by the PBLM stimulated and unstimulated with viable Porphyromonas gingivalis test-tube were committed by the enzyme amplified immunoassay sensitivity method. RESULTS Unstimulated and stimulated PBLM and treatment with 5.0 mg/mL or 10.0 mg/mL of PFS in the MP group produced significantly higher levels IL-10 (P<0.001) that analogous mediums of the HP group. The levels of IL-1ß decreased more considerably in the stimulated PBLM of the MP group than in those of HP group (P<0.001) after the treatment with PFS at only 10.0 mg/mL concentration. CONCLUSIONS Theses results suggest that the solution of PFS might offer a new potential for the development of a new therapeutic path to prevent and treat peri-implant mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Gleiznys
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Orthopedics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alvydas Gleiznys
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Orthopedics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Abraškevičiūtė
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Orthopedics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Astra Vitkauskienė
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Viktoras Šaferis
- Department of Physics, Mathematics and Biophysics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgina Sakalauskienė
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Orthopedics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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20
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Ye Z, Xu W, Shen R, Yan Y. Emulsion electrospun PLA/calcium alginate nanofibers for periodontal tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:763-777. [PMID: 31506032 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219873561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchao Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renze Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yurong Yan
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Karatas O, Balci Yuce H, Aydemir Turkal H. Dental hypofunction alters subgingival microorganisms: a pilot study. MINERVA STOMATOLOGICA 2019; 68:183-191. [PMID: 31357852 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate dental plaque compositions, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1-alpha levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at hypofunctional and normofunctional teeth in healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis patients. METHODS Sixty systemically healthy individuals were enrolled. Study groups were: group 1 hypofunctional healthy group (group 1, N.=15); group 2 hypofunctional periodontitis group (group 2, N.=15); group 3 normofunctional healthy group (group 3, N.=15); and group 4 normofunctional periodontitis group (group 4, N.=15). Clinical periodontal measurements (plaque index, gingival index and clinical attachment level) were recorded. Dental plaque and GCF samples were taken. VEGF and HIF 1-alpha levels in GCF were determined. Subgingival plaque samples were evaluated for 11 different bacterial species as, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga species. RESULTS Tannerella forsythia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Eubacterium nodatum levels decreased in hypofunctional healthy and periodontitis groups (P<0.05). Porphyromonas gingivalis levels increased in hypofunctional healthy group and decreased in hypofunctional periodontitis group (P<0.05). There was also a decrease in Eikenella corrodens levels in hypofunctional periodontitis group (P<0.05). There were no difference regarding the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga spp., Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum levels among the groups (P>0.05). VEGF and HIF-1α levels in both GCF and serum samples were also similar (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, the authors found that the levels of four significant bacterial strains were decreased in both hypofunctional healthy and hypofunctional periodontitis groups compared to normofunctional equivalents. Though not evaluated in this study, this situation could be due to periodontal ligament atrophy and related physiological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Karatas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey -
| | - Hatice Balci Yuce
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Humeyra Aydemir Turkal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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de Vries TJ, Schoenmaker T, van Veen HA, Hogervorst J, Krawczyk PM, Moonen CGJ, Jansen IDC. The Challenge of Teaching Essential Immunology Laboratory Skills to Undergraduates in One Month-Experience of an Osteoimmunology Course on TLR Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1822. [PMID: 31417577 PMCID: PMC6685388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquiring immunology laboratory skills during undergraduate studies is often a prerequisite for admission to Masters’ programs. Many broad liberal arts and sciences honors degree colleges struggle in teaching these essentials since only limited time is usually reserved for this. Here, we describe a new 1-month-course developed to train a small group of honors students in 6 techniques that are useful for immunology research. In essence, 15 students were divided into 3 groups of 5 students where each student became involved in current osteoimmunology research. Osteoimmunology is a relatively new branch of the immunology tree, where the effects of inflammation and the immune system on bone formation and bone degradation is studied. A broad, 3 weeks experiment on the chronic effects of molecules that specifically activate toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 on bone formation or osteoclast differentiation was performed just before the start of the course. Control samples and samples treated with TLR2 (group A), TLR4 (group B), or TLR2+TLR4 (group C) agonists were harvested and analyzed using quantitative PCR, ELISA, biochemistry, microscopy of enzyme-histochemically stained osteoclasts, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy. Each technique was taught for 2 days by a specialized instructor, who was present at all laboratory activities. The primary research question for each group was: how does the experimental condition affect bone formation or osteoclast formation? The secondary research question specified per technique was: how does this technique answer part of the primary research question? Pedagogically, students were encouraged to collaborate within the group to analyze the obtained data. Secondly, at the end of the course, a representative of each group collaborated to summarize the TLR activation modalities of a technique of choice. Thirdly, each group wrote a report, where introduction and discussion were graded as a group; each technique part was graded individually. The summary of the results from the 3 treatment modalities was presented orally. The student evaluation of the course was high, students remarked that the course had a curriculum overarching function, since it created an awareness and appreciation for both the joy and the blood-sweat-and-tears aspects of pipetting, and writing research articles, making interpretation of those easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam University College, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk A van Veen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolyn G J Moonen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ineke D C Jansen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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23
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Esteban‐Fernández A, Ferrer MD, Zorraquín‐Peña I, López‐López A, Moreno‐Arribas MV, Mira A. In vitro beneficial effects of
Streptococcus dentisani
as potential oral probiotic for periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1346-1355. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Esteban‐Fernández
- Department of Biotechnology and MicrobiologyInstitute of Food Science Research (CIAL)CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Maria D. Ferrer
- Department of Health and GenomicsCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthFISABIO Foundation Valencia Spain
| | - Irene Zorraquín‐Peña
- Department of Biotechnology and MicrobiologyInstitute of Food Science Research (CIAL)CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Arantxa López‐López
- Department of Health and GenomicsCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthFISABIO Foundation Valencia Spain
| | - M. Victoria Moreno‐Arribas
- Department of Biotechnology and MicrobiologyInstitute of Food Science Research (CIAL)CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and GenomicsCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthFISABIO Foundation Valencia Spain
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24
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de Vries TJ, Huesa C. The Osteocyte as a Novel Key Player in Understanding Periodontitis Through its Expression of RANKL and Sclerostin: a Review. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:116-121. [PMID: 30924022 PMCID: PMC6491659 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Periodontitis is the inflammation-associated bone loss disease of the alveolar bone that surrounds teeth. Classically, the emphasis on the etiology of periodontitis has been on the products of periodontal pathogens that lead to an inflammatory response of the soft tissues of the periodontium, eventually leading to activation of osteoclasts that degrade the alveolar bone. Until recently, the response of osteocytes that populate the alveolar bone, and that are known for their regulatory role in bone anabolism and catabolism, has not been addressed. RECENT FINDINGS This review demonstrates that osteocytes play a key contributing role in periodontitis progression in various experimental mouse and rat periodontitis models. Osteocytes are the key expressing cells of both osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL as well as osteoblast activity regulator sclerostin. Targeted deletion of RANKL in osteocytes prevents osteoclast formation, thereby impairing periodontitis, despite the pressure of periodontitis-associated bacteria. Antibodies against the osteocyte-derived protein sclerostin inhibit and partially revert periodontitis by stimulating bone formation. Experimental mouse and rat periodontitis models strongly indicate a key role for the bone-encapsulated osteocyte in understanding periodontitis etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Carmen Huesa
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen Margaret Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, UK
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25
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Braga Diniz JM, Espaladori MC, Souza E Silva ME, Brito LCN, Vieira LQ, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP. Immunological profile of teeth with inflammatory periapical disease from chronic liver disease patients. Int Endod J 2018; 52:149-157. [PMID: 30091243 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the mRNA expression levels of the cytokines interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, IL-6, VEGF, and AGT and the chemokine CCL2/MCP-1 in periapical interstitial fluid associated with root canal infections before and after the reduction of the bacterial load using a cleaning procedure. METHODOLOGY The case group included 11 patients with chronic liver disease, and the control group included 11 healthy patients. Clinical samples were taken from teeth with pulp necrosis. After cleaning and drying the canal, three paper points were introduced into the root canal and passed through the root apex (2 mm) into the periapical tissues for 1 min. The samples were collected immediately after root canal cleaning and 7 days later to characterize those gene expression levels using real-time PCR. The data were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk and the Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS In the control group, significantly increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α was observed in teeth with restrained bacterial loads (day 7) (P < 0.05). Similarly, increased TNF-α expression was found on day 7 in the liver group (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the expression levels of the IL-1β, IL-10 and, IL-6, MCP-1/CCL-2 and VEGF between the first collection (day 0) and second collection (day 7), over time in either group. CONCLUSION Chronic liver disease patients exhibited sufficient immunologic ability showing relatively similar expression levels of cytokines, chemokines and angiogenic factors in periapical samples compared with the responses from no-chronic liver disease patients. The outcomes of this study suggest that liver impairment did not compromise the periapical immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Braga Diniz
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M C Espaladori
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M E Souza E Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L C N Brito
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Itaúna, Itaúna, Brazil
| | - L Q Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A P Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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26
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Chang CH, Han ML, Teng NC, Lee CY, Huang WT, Lin CT, Huang YK. Cigarette Smoking Aggravates the Activity of Periodontal Disease by Disrupting Redox Homeostasis- An Observational Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11055. [PMID: 30038248 PMCID: PMC6056417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between cigarette use and five salivary oxidative stress biomarkers, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase, thioredoxin-1 (TRX1), and peroxiredoxin-2 (PRX2), to assess the effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an observational study,167 patients diagnosed with periodontitis were recruited. Both saliva samples and clinical measurements (plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and pocket depth (PD)) were taken at baseline and after completing non-surgical periodontal therapy. The Levels of salivary biomarkers were determined using a MILLIPLEX® MAP Human Oxidative Stress Magnetic Bead Panel kit. The overall reductions in PI and BOP were 31.56% and 42.16%, respectively. BOP reduction after treatment in female or male non-smokers was significantly higher than in male former smokers (p < 0.05). After completing non-surgical periodontal therapy, Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD, catalase, and Prx2 significantly decreased. There was a significant interaction between smoking status and ΔCu/ZnSOD on PI and a significant interaction between smoking status and ΔCatalase on BOP. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking interferes with redox homeostasis in the body, alters antioxidants levels, and influences the periodontal disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Huang Chang
- College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chia Teng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11s0, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yu Lee
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11s0, Taiwan
| | - Che-Tong Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11s0, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kai Huang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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27
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Kriebel K, Hieke C, Engelmann R, Potempa J, Müller-Hilke B, Lang H, Kreikemeyer B. Porphyromonas gingivalis Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase Can Modulate Neutrophil Activity via Infection of Human Dental Stem Cells. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:264-278. [PMID: 29860256 DOI: 10.1159/000489020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a widespread chronic inflammatory disease in the human population. Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with PD and can citrullinate host proteins via P. gingivalis peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD). Here, we hypothesized that infection of human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) with P. gingivalis and subsequent interaction with neutrophils will alter the neutrophil phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we established and analyzed a triple-culture system of neutrophils and hDFSCs primed with P. gingivalis. Mitogen-activated pathway blocking reagents were applied to gain insight into stem cell signaling after infection. Naïve hDFSCs do not influence the neutrophil phenotype. However, infection of hDFSCs with P. gingivalis prolongs the survival of neutrophils and increases their migration. These phenotypic changes depend on direct cellular contacts and PPAD expression by P. gingivalis. Active JNK and ERK pathways in primed hDFSCs are essential for the phenotypic changes in neutrophils. Collectively, our results confirm that P. gingivalis modifies hDFSCs, thereby causing an immune imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kriebel
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cathleen Hieke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robby Engelmann
- Institute of Immunology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Potempa
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland.,University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Hermann Lang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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28
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Shen R, Xu W, Xue Y, Chen L, Ye H, Zhong E, Ye Z, Gao J, Yan Y. The use of chitosan/PLA nano-fibers by emulsion eletrospinning for periodontal tissue engineering. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:419-430. [PMID: 29661034 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1458233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, nanofibrous scaffolds base on pure polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan/PLA blends were fabricated by emulsion eletrospinning. By modulating their mechanical and biological properties, cell-compatible and biodegradable scaffolds were developed for periodontal bone regeneration. METHODS Pure PLA and different weight ratios of chitosan nano-particle/PLA nano-fibers were fabricated by emulsion eletrospinning. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed to observe the morphology of nano-fibers. Mechanical properties of nano-fibers were tested by single fiber strength tester. Hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the nano-fibers was observed by stereomicroscope. In vitro degradation was also tested. Cells were seeded on nano-fibers scaffolds. Changes in cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were tested by MTT assay and Alizarin Red S staining. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to evaluate the expression of (Toll-like receptor 4) TLR4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, OPG, RUNX2 mRNA. RESULTS It is shown that the mean diameter of nano-fibers is about 200 nm. The mean diameter of chitosan nano-particles is about 50 nm. The combination of chitosan nano-particles enhanced the mechanical properties of pure PLA nano-fibers. By adding a certain amount of chitosan nano-particles, it promoted cell adhesion. It also promoted the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) by elevating the expression of osteogenic marker genes such as BSP, Ocn, collagen I, and OPN and enhanced ECM mineralization. Nonetheless, it caused higher expression of inflammatory mediators and TLR4 of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). CONCLUSION The combination of chitosan nano-particles enhanced the mechanical properties of pure PLA nano-fibers and increased its hydrophilicity. Pure PLA nano-fibers scaffold facilitated BMSCs proliferation. Adding an appropriate amount of chitosan nano-particles may promote its properties of cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The higher expression of inflammatory mediators caused by nano-fibers may be regulated via TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renze Shen
- a Department of Stomatology , Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China.,b College of Stomatology , SouthernMedical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weihong Xu
- c Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Xue
- b College of Stomatology , SouthernMedical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Luyuan Chen
- b College of Stomatology , SouthernMedical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Haicheng Ye
- d Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , First Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian Province , China
| | - Enyi Zhong
- b College of Stomatology , SouthernMedical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhanchao Ye
- a Department of Stomatology , Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Jie Gao
- b College of Stomatology , SouthernMedical University , Guangzhou , China.,e Department of Endodontics , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yurong Yan
- c Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
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29
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Kriebel K, Hieke C, Müller-Hilke B, Nakata M, Kreikemeyer B. Oral Biofilms from Symbiotic to Pathogenic Interactions and Associated Disease -Connection of Periodontitis and Rheumatic Arthritis by Peptidylarginine Deiminase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29441048 PMCID: PMC5797574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of bacterial species are harbored in the oral cavity, with the resulting complex network of interactions between the microbiome and host contributing to physiological as well as pathological conditions at both local and systemic levels. Bacterial communities inhabit the oral cavity as primary niches in a symbiotic manner and form dental biofilm in a stepwise process. However, excessive formation of biofilm in combination with a corresponding deregulated immune response leads to intra-oral diseases, such as dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Moreover, oral commensal bacteria, which are classified as so-called “pathobionts” according to a now widely accepted terminology, were recently shown to be present in extra-oral lesions with distinct bacterial species found to be involved in the onset of various pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, atherosclerosis, chronic infective endocarditis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The present review focuses on oral pathobionts as commensal and healthy members of oral biofilms that can turn into initiators of disease. We will shed light on the processes involved in dental biofilm formation and also provide an overview of the interactions of P. gingivalis, as one of the most prominent oral pathobionts, with host cells, including epithelial cells, phagocytes, and dental stem cells present in dental tissues. Notably, a previously unknown interaction of P. gingivalis bacteria with human stem cells that has impact on human immune response is discussed. In addition to this very specific interaction, the present review summarizes current knowledge regarding the immunomodulatory effect of P. gingivalis and other oral pathobionts, members of the oral microbiome, that pave the way for systemic and chronic diseases, thereby showing a link between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kriebel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cathleen Hieke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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30
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De Filippis A, Fiorentino M, Guida L, Annunziata M, Nastri L, Rizzo A. Vitamin D reduces the inflammatory response by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection by modulating human β-defensin-3 in human gingival epithelium and periodontal ligament cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47:106-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Diomede F, Zingariello M, Cavalcanti MFXB, Merciaro I, Pizzicannella J, De Isla N, Caputi S, Ballerini P, Trubiani O. MyD88/ERK/NFkB pathways and pro-inflammatory cytokines release in periodontal ligament stem cells stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2791. [PMID: 28735521 PMCID: PMC5452629 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating whether human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (hPDLSCs) were capable of sensing and reacting to lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (LPS-G) which is widely recognized as a major pathogen in the development and progression of periodontitis. At this purpose hPDLCs were stimulated with 5 μg/mL LPS-G at various times and the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was evaluated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in innate immune signaling in response to microbial infections, and in particular TLR4, type-I transmembrane proteins, has been shown recognizing LPS-G. Our results put in evidence, in treated samples, an overexpression of TLR4 indicating that, hPDLSCs express a functional TLR4 receptor. In addition, LPS-G challenge induces a significant cell growth decrease starting from 24 h until 72 h of treatment. LPS-G leads the activation of the TLR4/MyD88 complex, triggering the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines cascade as: IL-1α, IL-8, TNF-α and β and EOTAXIN. Moreover, the upregulation of pERK/ERK signaling pathways and NFkB nuclear translocation was evident. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that hPDLSCs could represent an appropriate stem cells niche modeling leading to understand and evaluate the biological mechanisms of periodontal stem cells in response to LPS-G, mimicking in vitro an inflammatory process occurring in vivo in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences.
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32
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Schueller K, Riva A, Pfeiffer S, Berry D, Somoza V. Members of the Oral Microbiota Are Associated with IL-8 Release by Gingival Epithelial Cells in Healthy Individuals. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:416. [PMID: 28360899 PMCID: PMC5350107 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The triggers for the onset of oral diseases are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the oral bacterial community in healthy humans and its association with nutrition, oral hygiene habits, and the release of the inflammatory marker IL-8 from gingival epithelial cells (GECs) with and without stimulation by bacterial endotoxins to identify possible indicator operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with inflammatory marker status. GECs from 21 healthy participants (13 females, 8 males) were incubated with or without addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), and the oral microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene-targeted sequencing. The basal IL-8 release after 6 h was between 9.9 and 98.2 pg/ml, and bacterial communities were characteristic for healthy oral microbiota. The composition of the oral microbiota was associated with basal IL-8 levels, the intake of meat, tea, white wine, sweets and the use of chewing gum, as well as flossing habits, allergies, gender and body mass index. Additionally, eight OTUs were associated with high basal levels of IL-8 and GEC response to LPS, with high basal levels of IL-8, and 1 with low basal levels of IL8. The identification of indicator bacteria in healthy subjects with high levels of IL-8 release is of importance as they may be promising early warning indicators for the possible onset of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schueller
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Alessandra Riva
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Pfeiffer
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Research Network “Chemistry Meets Microbiology”, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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33
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Reis MVP, Souza GL, Moura CCG, Soares PBF, Soares CJ. Effect of different storage media on root dentine composition and viability of fibroblasts evaluated by several assay methods. Int Endod J 2017; 50:1185-1191. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. V. P. Reis
- Biomechanics Research Group; Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials; Federal University of Uberlândia; Uberlândia MG Brazil
| | - G. L. Souza
- Biomechanics Research Group; Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials; Federal University of Uberlândia; Uberlândia MG Brazil
| | - C. C. G. Moura
- Biomechanics Research Group; Department of Endodontics; Federal University of Uberlândia; Uberlândia MG Brazil
| | - P. B. F. Soares
- Biomechanics Research Group; Department of Periodontology and Implantology; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Uberlândia; Uberlândia MG Brazil
| | - C. J. Soares
- Biomechanics Research Group; Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials; Federal University of Uberlândia; Uberlândia MG Brazil
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34
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Janam P, Saneesh Babu PS, Prasad M, Vinod D, Anil Kumar PR, Kumary TV, Asha Nair S, Radhakrishna Pillai M. An ex vivo evaluation of the efficacy of andrographolide in modulating differential expression of transcription factors and target genes in periodontal cells and its potential role in treating periodontal diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 196:160-167. [PMID: 27993634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHANOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Andrographolide is a herbal extract traditionally used in South Asian countries for treating inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the efficacy of andrographolide in management of periodontal disease which is a highly prevalent oral disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) were cultured from healthy and diseased periodontium using explant culture methods. The safe dose of AG was determined using MTT assay. LPS (lipopolysaccharide) of the most important periodontopathogen, P gingivalis was used to activate NF-κB and STAT3 in PDLF. The efficacy of AG in inhibiting NF-κB and STAT3 was analyzed using immunofluorescence. Down regulation of expression of target genes of these transcription factors related to inflammation and bone resorption were analyzed using real time PCR. RESULTS AG up to the concentration of 25μM was found to be safe as determined by MTT assay. Statistically significant activation of NF-κB and STAT3 in cultured PDLF was observed in diseased group compared to healthy controls before and after LPS challenge. 5μM AG pretreatment significantly inhibited activation of NF-κB and STAT3 and down regulated expression of inflammatory and bone resorptive genes in cultured PDLF. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study propose the adjunctive use of a novel herbal drug andrographolide as a promising host modulation agent for periodontal therapy by inhibiting NF-κB and STAT3 activation and inhibition of inflammation and bone resorption related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P S Saneesh Babu
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Manu Prasad
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - D Vinod
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Biomedical Technology Wing, Poojapura 695012, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - P R Anil Kumar
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Biomedical Technology Wing, Poojapura 695012, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - T V Kumary
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Biomedical Technology Wing, Poojapura 695012, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Asha Nair
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
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Reis MVDP, Moura CCG, Silva MVD, Souza MAD, Soares PBF, Soares CJ. Effect of lectin (ScLL) on fibroblasts stimulated with LPS - an in vitro study. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e140. [PMID: 28001248 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The lectin (ScLL) extracted from the Synadenium carinatum plant has been evaluated as an immunomodulator in diseases such as asthma, neosporosis and leishmaniasis. However, it has not yet been evaluated in the oral cavity. This study evaluated the effect of ScLL on viability, proliferation and release of IL-10 in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). HGF were stimulated with LPS 1 µg/ml and treated with ScLL in concentrations of 10, 5 and 2 µg/ml for 1 and 5 h, and evaluated by flow cytometry for viability, apoptosis (initial/advanced) and necrosis. The supernatant was collected to detect release of IL-10 by ELISA. The proliferation was assessed with the BrdU assay. Positive control consisted of cells maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM), and the negative control, of those kept in tap water. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett's test (α = 0.05). No significant difference was found for ScLL concentrations regarding viability or initial and advanced apoptosis (p=0.455). All the groups, including the positive control, had a significantly lower necrosis parameter than negative control at 5 h (p < 0.001). No difference was found for proliferation among the experimental groups (p = 0.832). ScLL at 5 and 2 µg/ml resulted in a lower release of IL-10 than positive and negative controls at 5 h (p = 0.047). The results indicated that ScLL concentrations tested were not cytotoxic, and had no effect on proliferation and release of IL-10 parameters. A thorough understanding of ScLL, regarding its immunomodulatory potential, may open the door to new perspectives for dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Verdinelli de Paula Reis
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Camilla Christian Gomes Moura
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Endodontics, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro - UFTM, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Bozkurt SB, Hakki SS, Hakki EE, Durak Y, Kantarci A. Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Induces a Pro-inflammatory Human Gingival Fibroblast Phenotype. Inflammation 2016; 40:144-153. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lira-Junior R, Figueredo CM. Periodontal and inflammatory bowel diseases: Is there evidence of complex pathogenic interactions? World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7963-7972. [PMID: 27672291 PMCID: PMC5028810 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are both chronic inflammatory diseases. Their pathogenesis is mediated by a complex interplay between a dysbiotic microbiota and the host immune-inflammatory response, and both are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This review aimed to provide an overview of the evidence dealing with a possible pathogenic interaction between periodontal disease and IBD. There seems to be an increased prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with IBD when compared to healthy controls, probably due to changes in the oral microbiota and a higher inflammatory response. Moreover, the induction of periodontitis seems to result in gut dysbiosis and altered gut epithelial cell barrier function, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Considering the complexity of both periodontal disease and IBD, it is very challenging to understand the possible pathways involved in their coexistence. In conclusion, this review points to a complex pathogenic interaction between periodontal disease and IBD, in which one disease might alter the composition of the microbiota and increase the inflammatory response related to the other. However, we still need more data derived from human studies to confirm results from murine models. Thus, mechanistic studies are definitely warranted to clarify this possible bidirectional association.
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Jang JY, Song IS, Baek KJ, Choi Y, Ji S. Immunologic characteristics of human gingival fibroblasts in response to oral bacteria. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:447-457. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Y. Jang
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Oral Health Science; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - I.-S. Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Korea University Anam Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - K. J. Baek
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Infection & Immunity; BK21 CLS; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Y. Choi
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Infection & Immunity; BK21 CLS; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - S. Ji
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Oral Health Science; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
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Healthy and Inflamed Gingival Fibroblasts Differ in Their Inflammatory Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. Inflammation 2016; 39:1842-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sun J, Nemoto E, Hong G, Sasaki K. Modulation of stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α) and its receptor CXCR4 in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontal inflammation. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17:26. [PMID: 27449062 PMCID: PMC4957851 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The production of chemokines by tissue resident cells during inflammation is considered one of the main mechanisms involved in the formation of inflammatory infiltrates. Fibroblasts are the main resident cell type in gingival and periodontal ligament tissues, and their ability to produce chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α) and its receptor CXCR4 under stimulation by gram negative bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, commonly found in periodontal infections was investigated. Methods Western blots were used to assess SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein expression levels in human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF-1) induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. gingivalis in the presence or absence of LY294002, a highly selective inhibitor of PI-3K/Akt. RT-PCR and quantitative Real-time PCR was performed using gingival mRNAs from periodontitis patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression and subcellular localization of SDF-1α and CXCR4, together with NF-kβ phosphorylation, in specimens from patients with periodontitis and in an experimental rat periodontitis model. Results We found that P. gingivalis LPS up-regulated SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein levels and elevated phosphorylation of the SDF-1α-responsive NF-kβ and Akt at 24 h in HGF-1 cells. SDF-1α and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression levels were high in all patients with periodontitis. In the P. gingivalis-induced rat experimental periodontitis model, SDF-1α and CXCR4 immunoreactivity was higher in gingival and periodontal ligament tissues compared to the control. Conclusion Our data showed that PI-3K/Akt is an upstream participant in the P. gingivalis LPS-mediated induction of SDF-1α. Taken together, these results suggest that the chemokine SDF-1α and its receptor CXCR4 contribute to P. gingivalis-induced periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Dalian Stomatological Hospital, 935 Changjiang Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116021, China. .,Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Guang Hong
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Gankovskaya LV, Khelminskaya NM, Molchanova EA, Svitich OA. ROLE OF INNATE IMMUNITY FACTORS IN PERIODONTITIS PATHOGENESIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-2016-2-100-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) is a disease of periodontium tissues supporting tooth induced by bacteria, that is characterized by the presence of processes of inflammation with destruction ofbone tissue. The knowledge of molecular mechanisms of CGP pathogenesis facilitates creation of the most effective methods of therapy of this disease. Bacterial infection is a primary factor in periodontitis etiology, however is not sufficient for its start and subsequent development. It is known, that bacterial factors induce a local inflammation reaction and activate the system of innate immunity through activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR), located on the surface of resident cells and leukocytes. Activation of these cells results in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of phagocytes and lymphocytes into the inflammation zone. In review we examined the known data regarding factors of immune protection of periodontium including cell populations and cytokines, as well as mechanisms of tissue destruction, that support the tooth. Perspectives of therapy are also discussed.
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Derradjia A, Alanazi H, Park HJ, Djeribi R, Semlali A, Rouabhia M. α-tocopherol decreases interleukin-1β and -6 and increases human β-defensin-1 and -2 secretion in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis
lipopolysaccharide. J Periodontal Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Derradjia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Biofilms et la Biocontamination des Matériaux; Faculté des Sciences; Université d'Annaba; Annaba Algeria
| | - H. Alanazi
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
| | - H. J. Park
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
| | - R. Djeribi
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Biofilms et la Biocontamination des Matériaux; Faculté des Sciences; Université d'Annaba; Annaba Algeria
| | - A. Semlali
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
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Zhang P, Li YJ, Guo LY, Wang GF, Lu K, Yue EL. Focal adhesion kinase activation is required for TNF-α-induced production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and proinflammatory cytokines in cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:249-53. [PMID: 26058789 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was proposed as a mediator of the inflammatory response, we have investigated the role of this molecule in the release of inflammatory cytokines by cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs), cells that are thought to be important in the patient's response to periodontal infection. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and its effects on interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 release were measured by ELISA. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) protein was analysed by western blotting. The levels of IL6, IL8, and MMP2 mRNA were evaluated by real-time PCR. Tumor necrosis factor alpha dose-dependently induced the phosphorylation of FAK, whereas small interfering FAK (siFAK) inhibited TNF-α-induced FAK phosphorylation. Tumor necrosis factor alpha also stimulated the production of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of FAK significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced expression of IL6 and IL8 mRNA and release of IL-6 and IL-8 protein in HPDLFs. Similarly, MMP-2 down-regulation was significantly prevented by siFAK. Our results strongly suggest that knockdown of FAK can decrease the production of TNF-α-induced IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-2 in HPDLFs. These effects may help in understanding the mechanisms that control expression of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-jing Li
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liu-yun Guo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-fang Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Er-li Yue
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu J, Tang X, Li C, Pan C, Li Q, Geng F, Pan Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes the cell cycle and inflammatory cytokine production in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1153-61. [PMID: 26043445 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) modulates host immune-inflammatory responses and destructs homeostasis of normal cell cycle, thereby leading to periodontal tissue destruction. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) are key players in the host immune responses and periodontal tissue regeneration. The aim of the present study was to discover the effects of P. gingivalis infection on the cell cycle and inflammatory cytokine production in PDLFs. DESIGN P. gingivalis infection model into PDLFs was established. The effect of P. gingivalis on the cell proliferation and cell cycle were detected by MTT and flow cytometry. The p21, cyclin D1 and cyclin E mRNA expression, p21 protein expression, as well as IL-6 and IL-8 protein levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blot and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS P. gingivalis promoted proliferation and G1 phase of PDLFs. G1 phase promotion was associated with the decreased level of p21 and the up-regulation of cyclin D1 at 6h, and with the increased level of cyclin E at 12h. Simultaneously, the immune-inflammatory response of PDLFs was initiated by P. gingivalis during the initial stage of infection, including the increased expressions of IL-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSION We confirmed that the infection of P. gingivalis could modulate the expression of PDLF genes, which control cell cycle and inflammatory cytokine production. Thus, P. gingivalis may contribute to the proliferation and inflammation of periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Chunling Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Fengxue Geng
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
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Change of scaling-induced proinflammatory cytokine on the clinical efficacy of periodontitis treatment. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:289647. [PMID: 25884025 PMCID: PMC4390110 DOI: 10.1155/2015/289647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are key inflammatory mediators in periodontitis. This study
aimed to investigate the relationship between proinflammatory cytokines in saliva and periodontal
status. To investigate the usefulness of cytokines in the therapeutic approach for periodontal
disease, the relationship between stimulated cytokine changes and the periodontitis treatment
outcome was investigated in this study. Saliva was obtained from 22 patients diagnosed by
dentists as having chronic periodontitis. The proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-1α (IL-1α),
interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and tumor necrosis factor β (TNF-β)) levels were determined using a commercially available kit. The IL-1β and IL-6 levels increased, whereas the TNF-β levels decreased with the severity of periodontitis (4 mm pocket percentage). Poststimulation IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were higher in patients who had an improved treatment outcome. The differences of IL-6 levels (cut
point: 0.05 μg/g) yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 90.0% and 81.82%, respectively, for
predicting the periodontitis treatment outcome. Among the proinflammatory cytokines, stimulated
IL-6 was an excellent marker for predicting the periodontitis treatment outcome.
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Kim J, Kim S, Lim W, Choi H, Kim O. Effects of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37) on immortalized gingival fibroblasts infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis and irradiated with 625-nm LED light. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:2049-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Scheres N, Lamont RJ, Crielaard W, Krom BP. LuxS signaling in Porphyromonas gingivalis-host interactions. Anaerobe 2014; 35:3-9. [PMID: 25434960 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dental plaque is a multispecies biofilm in the oral cavity that significantly influences oral health. The presence of the oral anaerobic pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important determinant in the development of periodontitis. Direct and indirect interactions between P. gingivalis and the host play a major role in disease development. Transcriptome analysis recently revealed that P. gingivalis gene-expression is regulated by LuxS in both an AI-2-dependent and an AI-2 independent manner. However, little is known about the role of LuxS-signaling in P. gingivalis-host interactions. Here, we investigated the effect of a luxS mutation on the ability of P. gingivalis to induce an inflammatory response in human oral cells in vitro. Primary periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were challenged with P. gingivalis ΔluxS or the wild-type parental strain and gene-expression of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 was determined by real-time PCR. The ability of P. gingivalis ΔluxS to induce an inflammatory response was severely impaired in PDL-fibroblasts. This phenotype could be restored by providing of LuxS in trans, but not by addition of the AI-2 precursor DPD. A similar phenomenon was observed in a previous transcriptome study showing that expression of PGN_0482 was reduced in the luxS mutant independently of AI-2. We therefore also analyzed the effect of a mutation in PGN_0482, which encodes an immuno-reactive, putative outer-membrane protein. Similar to P. gingivalis ΔluxS, the P. gingivalis Δ0482 mutant had an impaired ability to induce an inflammatory response in PDL fibroblasts. LuxS thus appears to influence the pro-inflammatory responses of host cells to P. gingivalis, likely through regulation of PGN_0482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Scheres
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU Free University and the University of Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU Free University and the University of Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU Free University and the University of Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Schmidt J, Jentsch H, Stingu CS, Sack U. General immune status and oral microbiology in patients with different forms of periodontitis and healthy control subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109187. [PMID: 25299619 PMCID: PMC4192146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immunological processes in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, especially the aggressive form, are not well understood. This study examined clinical as well as systemic immunological and local microbiological features in healthy controls and patients with different forms of periodontitis. Materials and Methods 14 healthy subjects, 15 patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis, and 11 patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited. Periodontal examination was performed and peripheral blood was collected from each patient. Lymphocyte populations as well as the release of cytokines by T-helper cells were determined by flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent spot assay. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from each individual and immediately cultivated for microbiological examination. Results When stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with lipopolysaccharide, a higher IL-1β release was found in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis compared to the other groups (p<0.01). Numbers of B-cells, naïve and transitional B-cells, memory B-cells, and switched memory B-cells were within the reference range for all groups, but patients with chronic periodontitis showed the highest percentage of memory B-cells without class switch (p = 0.01). The subgingival plaque differed quantitatively as well as qualitatively with a higher number of Gram-negative anaerobic species in periodontitis patients. Prevotella denticola was found more often in patients with aggressive periodontitis (p<0.001) but did not show an association to any of the systemic immunological findings. Porphyromonas gingivalis, which was only found in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, seems to be associated with an activation of the systemic immune response. Conclusion Differences between aggressive periodontitis and moderate chronic periodontitis are evident, which raises the question of an inadequate balance between systemic immune response and bacterial infection in aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catalina-Suzana Stingu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Local and systemic immune responses in gingivitis and periodontitis. Open Med (Wars) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-013-0328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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50
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Özdemir B, Shi B, Bantleon HP, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O. Endocannabinoids and inflammatory response in periodontal ligament cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107407. [PMID: 25226300 PMCID: PMC4165771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are associated with multiple regulatory functions in several tissues. The main endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), have been detected in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients, but the association between periodontal disease or human periodontal ligament cells (hPdLCs) and endocannabinoids still remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of AEA and 2-AG on the proliferation/viability and cytokine/chemokine production of hPdLCs in the presence/absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis LPS). The proliferation/viability of hPdLCs was measured using 3,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT)-assay. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were examined at gene expression and protein level by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. AEA and 2-AG did not reveal any significant effects on proliferation/viability of hPdLCs in the absence of P. gingivalis LPS. However, hPdLCs viability was significantly increased by 10–20 µM AEA in the presence of P. gingivalis LPS (1 µg/ml). In the absence of P. gingivalis LPS, AEA and 2-AG did not exhibit any significant effect on the expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 expression in hPdLCs, whereas IL-6 expression was slightly enhanced by 10 µM 2-AG and not affected by AEA. In P.gingivalis LPS stimulated hPdLCs, 10 µM AEA down-regulated gene-expression and protein production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. In contrast, 10 µM 2-AG had an opposite effect and induced a significant up-regulation of gene and protein expression of IL-6 and IL-8 (P<0.05) as well as gene-expression of MCP-1 in P. gingivalis LPS stimulated hPdLCs. Our data suggest that AEA appears to have an anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive effect on hPdLCs’ host response to P.gingivalis LPS, whereas 2-AG appears to promote detrimental inflammatory processes. In conclusion, AEA and 2-AG might play an important role in the modulation of periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Özdemir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (BO); (OA)
| | - Bin Shi
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Oral Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hans Peter Bantleon
- Division of Orthodontics, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prophylaxis, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Orthodontics, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (BO); (OA)
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