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Borowicz-Reutt K, Banach M. Trimetazidine, an Anti-Ischemic Drug, Reduces the Antielectroshock Effects of Certain First-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911328. [PMID: 36232629 PMCID: PMC9570019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimetazidine (TMZ), an anti-ischemic drug for improving cellular metabolism, is mostly administered to patients with poorly controlled ischemic heart disease (IHD). Since IHD is considered the most frequent causative factor of cardiac arrhythmias, and these often coexist with seizure disorders, we decided to investigate the effect of TMZ in the electroconvulsive threshold test (ECT) and its influence on the action of four first-generation antiepileptic drugs in the maximal electroshock test (MES) in mice. The TMZ (up to 120 mg/kg) did not affect the ECT, but applied at doses of 20–120 mg/kg it decreased the antielectroshock action of phenobarbital. The TMZ (50–120 mg/kg) reduced the effect of phenytoin, and, when administered at a dose of 120 mg/kg, it diminished the action of carbamazepine. All of these revealed interactions seem to be pharmacodynamic, since the TMZ did not affect the brain levels of antiepileptic drugs. Furthermore, the combination of TMZ with valproate (but not with other antiepileptic drugs) significantly impaired motor coordination, evaluated using the chimney test. Long-term memory, assessed with a passive-avoidance task, was not affected by either the TMZ or its combinations with antiepileptic drugs. The obtained results suggest that TMZ may not be beneficial as an add-on therapy in patients with IHD and epilepsy.
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Godoy LD, Prizon T, Rossignoli MT, Leite JP, Liberato JL. Parvalbumin Role in Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidities: From Mechanism to Intervention. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:765324. [PMID: 35250498 PMCID: PMC8891758 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.765324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding protein present in inhibitory interneurons that play an essential role in regulating many physiological processes, such as intracellular signaling and synaptic transmission. Changes in parvalbumin expression are deeply related to epilepsy, which is considered one of the most disabling neuropathologies. Epilepsy is a complex multi-factor group of disorders characterized by periods of hypersynchronous activity and hyperexcitability within brain networks. In this scenario, inhibitory neurotransmission dysfunction in modulating excitatory transmission related to the loss of subsets of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneuron may have a prominent role in disrupted excitability. Some studies also reported that parvalbumin-positive interneurons altered function might contribute to psychiatric comorbidities associated with epilepsy, such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis. Understanding the epileptogenic process and comorbidities associated with epilepsy have significantly advanced through preclinical and clinical investigation. In this review, evidence from parvalbumin altered function in epilepsy and associated psychiatric comorbidities were explored with a translational perspective. Some advances in potential therapeutic interventions are highlighted, from current antiepileptic and neuroprotective drugs to cutting edge modulation of parvalbumin subpopulations using optogenetics, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) techniques, transcranial magnetic stimulation, genome engineering, and cell grafting. Creating new perspectives on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies is valuable for understanding the pathophysiology of epilepsy and its psychiatric comorbidities and improving efficiency in clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívea Dornela Godoy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Prizon
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus Teixeira Rossignoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Pereira Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- João Pereira Leite,
| | - José Luiz Liberato
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: José Luiz Liberato,
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Campos-Rodriguez C, Fredrick E, Ramirez-San Juan E, Olsson R. Enantiomeric N-substituted phthalimides with excitatory amino acids protect zebrafish larvae against PTZ-induced seizures. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vavers E, Zvejniece L, Maurice T, Dambrova M. Allosteric Modulators of Sigma-1 Receptor: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:223. [PMID: 30941035 PMCID: PMC6433746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulators of sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) are described as compounds that can increase the activity of some Sig1R ligands that compete with (+)-pentazocine, one of the classic prototypical ligands that binds to the orthosteric Sig1R binding site. Sig1R is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that, in addition to its promiscuous high-affinity ligand binding, has been shown to have chaperone activity. Different experimental approaches have been used to describe and validate the activity of allosteric modulators of Sig1R. Sig1R-modulatory activity was first found for phenytoin, an anticonvulsant drug that primarily acts by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. Accumulating evidence suggests that allosteric Sig1R modulators affect processes involved in the pathophysiology of depression, memory and cognition disorders as well as convulsions. This review will focus on the description of selective and non-selective allosteric modulators of Sig1R, including molecular structure properties and pharmacological activity both in vitro and in vivo, with the aim of providing the latest overview from compound discovery approaches to eventual clinical applications. In this review, the possible mechanisms of action will be discussed, and future challenges in the development of novel compounds will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edijs Vavers
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Liga Zvejniece
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, UMR-S1198, Montpellier, France
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
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Chi SH, Jeong HG, Lee S, Oh SY, Kim SH. Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Seizure Threshold during Electroconvulsive Therapy. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:647-655. [PMID: 29042890 PMCID: PMC5639133 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.5.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between seizure threshold (ST) and psychotropic drugs in patients treated with ECT. METHODS We examined clinical data from 43 patients. ST was titrated at each treatment session. We examined associations between ST and psychotropic drugs using multivariate correlation analyses. Data are presented as initial ST, the difference in ST between the first and 10th sessions (ΔST10th), and the mean difference in ST between the first and last sessions (mean ΔSTlast). RESULTS Multivariate regression analyses showed associations between initial ST and the total chlorpromazine-equivalent dose of antipsychotics (β=0.363, p<0.05). The total fluoxetine-equivalent dose of antidepressants was associated with ΔST10th (β=0.486, p<0.01) and mean ΔSTlast (β=0.472, p<0.01). CONCLUSION Our study elucidated possible effects of psychotropic drugs on ST shifts. Larger doses of antipsychotics were associated with higher initial ST, whereas higher doses of antidepressants were associated with stronger shifts in ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyuk Chi
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ghang Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea University Research Institute of Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Oh
- Seoul Metropolitan Enpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kandratavicius L, Hallak JE, Leite JP. What are the similarities and differences between schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis of epilepsy? A neuropathological approach to the understanding of schizophrenia spectrum and epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 38:143-7. [PMID: 24508393 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and psychosis coexist more frequently than chance would predict. In this short review, clinical and neuropathological findings of schizophrenia, TLE, and psychosis of epilepsy are described to enhance our understanding of the noncoincidental association between these conditions. In addition, psychosis of epilepsy was included for the first time in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), in the recently launched 5th edition, and improvement in diagnostic criteria was highlighted. Since the hippocampus has long been considered an anatomical area involved in the pathophysiology of TLE and schizophrenia, neuropathological studies of psychoses of epilepsy may contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of psychosis in general. The discovery of shared mechanisms and/or affected neurochemicals in TLE and schizophrenia might disclose important clues on the vulnerability of patients with TLE to psychotic symptoms and be an opportunity for new treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmyla Kandratavicius
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), USP, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo Hallak
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), USP, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT-TM-CNPq), Brazil
| | - Joao Pereira Leite
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), USP, Brazil.
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Gangarossa G, Ceolin L, Paucard A, Lerner-Natoli M, Perroy J, Fagni L, Valjent E. Repeated stimulation of dopamine D1-like receptor and hyperactivation of mTOR signaling lead to generalized seizures, altered dentate gyrus plasticity, and memory deficits. Hippocampus 2014; 24:1466-81. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gangarossa
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle; Montpellier France
- INSERM, U661; Montpellier France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2; UMR-5203 Montpellier France
| | - Laura Ceolin
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle; Montpellier France
- INSERM, U661; Montpellier France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2; UMR-5203 Montpellier France
| | - Alexia Paucard
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle; Montpellier France
- INSERM, U661; Montpellier France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2; UMR-5203 Montpellier France
| | - Mireille Lerner-Natoli
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle; Montpellier France
- INSERM, U661; Montpellier France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2; UMR-5203 Montpellier France
| | - Julie Perroy
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle; Montpellier France
- INSERM, U661; Montpellier France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2; UMR-5203 Montpellier France
| | - Laurent Fagni
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle; Montpellier France
- INSERM, U661; Montpellier France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2; UMR-5203 Montpellier France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle; Montpellier France
- INSERM, U661; Montpellier France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2; UMR-5203 Montpellier France
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Feddersen B, Rémi J, Einhellig M, Stoyke C, Krauss P, Noachtar S. Parkinson's disease: less epileptic seizures, more status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res 2013; 108:349-54. [PMID: 24315021 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We compared the rate of epilepsy and status epilepticus (SE) in patients with and without Parkinson's disease (PD). Out of 1215 patients with idiopathic PD, 31 had epilepsy and 19 of these had at least one episode of SE (61.3%) compared to 298 of 2537 patients (11.7%; p<0.001) with epilepsy and without concomitant PD. This clinical finding supports the hypothesis that the functional impairment of the basal ganglia in PD patients makes SE more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berend Feddersen
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Germany.
| | - Jan Rémi
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Einhellig
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Cordula Stoyke
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Krauss
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Soheyl Noachtar
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Germany
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The role of different serotonin receptor subtypes in seizure susceptibility. Exp Brain Res 2013; 232:347-67. [PMID: 24232860 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has the most diverse set of receptors in comparison with any other neurotransmitter or hormone in the body. To date, seven families of 5-HT receptors have been characterized. A great number of studies have been published regarding the role of 5-HT and its receptors in seizures. However, with a few exceptions, the net effect of activating or inhibiting each 5-HT receptor subtype on the development or severity of seizures remains controversial. Additionally, the results of studies, which have used knockout animals to investigate the role of 5-HT receptors in seizures, have sometimes been contradictory to those which have used pharmacological tools. The present study aims to review the available data regarding the influence of each receptor subtype on seizure development and, when possible, reconcile between the apparently different results obtained in these studies.
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Kandratavicius L, Lopes-Aguiar C, Bueno-Júnior LS, Romcy-Pereira RN, Hallak JEC, Leite JP. Psychiatric Comorbidities in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Possible Relationships between Psychotic Disorders and Involvement of Limbic Circuits. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2012; 34:454-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbp.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bankstahl M, Bankstahl JP, Bloms-Funke P, Löscher W. Striking differences in proconvulsant-induced alterations of seizure threshold in two rat models. Neurotoxicology 2011; 33:127-37. [PMID: 22209701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During drug development, seizure threshold tests are widely used to identify potential proconvulsant activity of investigational drugs. The most commonly used tests in this respect are the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) infusion seizure test and the maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test in mice or rats. To our knowledge, no study is available in which proconvulsant drug activities in these models are directly compared, which prompted us to perform such experiments in male Wistar rats. Five drugs with reported proconvulsant activity were tested in the two models: d-amphetamine, chlorpromazine, caffeine, theophylline, and tramadol. Furthermore, the anticonvulsant drug phenobarbital was included in the experiments. While phenobarbital exerted anticonvulsant activity in both models, the five proconvulsant drugs markedly differed in their effects. In the dose range tested, d-amphetamine significantly lowered the PTZ seizure threshold but increased the MEST, caffeine and theophylline did not alter the PTZ seizure threshold but decreased the MEST, and tramadol reduced the PTZ threshold but increased the MEST. These marked differences between seizure threshold tests are most likely a consequence of the mechanisms underlying seizure induction in these tests. Our data indicate that using only one seizure threshold model during preclinical drug development may pose the risk that potential proconvulsant activity of an investigational drug is overseen. However, the label "proconvulsant" may be misleading if such activity only occurs at doses high above the therapeutic range, but the drug is not proconvulsant or even exerts anticonvulsant effects at lower, therapeutically relevant doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bankstahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Szyndler J, Maciejak P, Turzyńska D, Sobolewska A, Bidziński A, Płaźnik A. Time course of changes in the concentrations of monoamines in the brain structures of pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:707-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Preclinical assessment of proconvulsant drug activity and its relevance for predicting adverse events in humans. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 610:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Saberi M, Rezvanizadeh A, Bakhtiarian A. The antiepileptic activity of Vitex agnus castus extract on amygdala kindled seizures in male rats. Neurosci Lett 2008; 441:193-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 05/31/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Goldsmith P, Golder Z, Hunt J, Berghmans S, Jones D, Stables JP, Murphree L, Howden D, Newton PE, Richards FM. GBR12909 Possesses Anticonvulsant Activity in Zebrafish and Rodent Models of Generalized Epilepsy but Cardiac Ion Channel Effects Limit Its Clinical Utility. Pharmacology 2007; 79:250-8. [PMID: 17476122 DOI: 10.1159/000102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS GBR12909 has been reported to possess anticonvulsant activity with focal brain perfusion to the hippocampus of pilocarpine, although an earlier publication suggested any anticonvulsant effects were only mild. Here we further explored the anticonvulsant potential of GBR12909 with a suite of anticonvulsant assays in both zebrafish and mammals and then explored whether it possessed any QT effects which might limit clinical utility. METHODS We assessed the anticonvulsant effects of GBR12909 in zebrafish pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), mammalian maximal electroshock and PTZ models of generalized epilepsy and a rodent hippocampal kindling model. Cardiac effects were assessed in zebrafish and man. RESULTS GBR12909 possesses anticonvulsant activity in zebrafish and rodent models of generalized epilepsy. However, phase 1 human data indicated potential QT effects. Subsequent testing in a zebrafish QT assay confirmed marked arrhythmogenic potential. CONCLUSION Further clinical development of GBR12909 in epilepsy was considered inappropriate because of insufficient window between the therapeutic effects and the cardiac arrhythmia problems identified in zebrafish assays. Any further development based on this mechanism of action should avoid the GBR12909 chemical scaffold, or involve structure-activity dissociation of its neurological and cardiac effects.
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Bandyopadhyay S, Gonzalez-Islas C, Hablitz JJ. Dopamine Enhances Spatiotemporal Spread of Activity in Rat Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurophysiol 2005; 93:864-72. [PMID: 15469958 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00922.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic modulation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) is important for neuronal integration in this brain region known to be involved in cognition and working memory. Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the effect of dopamine on synaptic transmission across layers of the neocortex, dopamine's net effect on local circuits in PFC is difficult to predict. We have combined whole cell patch-clamp recording and voltage-sensitive dye imaging to examine the effect of dopamine on the excitability of local excitatory circuits in rat PFC in vitro. Whole cell voltage-clamp recording from visually identified layer II/III pyramidal neurons in rat brain slices revealed that, in the presence of bicuculline (10 μM), bath-applied dopamine (30–60 μM) increased the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by weak intracortical stimulus. The effect was mimicked by the selective D1 receptor agonist SKF 81297 (1 μM). Increasing stimulation resulted in epileptiform discharges. SKF 81297 (1 μM) significantly lowered the threshold stimulus required for generating epileptiform discharges to 83% of control. In the imaging experiments, bath application of dopamine or SKF 81297 enhanced the spatiotemporal spread of activity in response to weak stimulation and previously subthreshold stimulation resulted in epileptiform activity that spread across the whole cortex. These effects could be blocked by the selective D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (10 μM) but not by the D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride (5 μM). These results indicate that dopamine, by a D1 receptor–mediated mechanism, enhances spatiotemporal spread of synaptic activity and lowers the threshold for epileptiform activity in local excitatory circuits within PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Neurobiology and Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Weinshenker D, Szot P. The role of catecholamines in seizure susceptibility: new results using genetically engineered mice. Pharmacol Ther 2002; 94:213-33. [PMID: 12113799 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine are abundant in the CNS, and modulate neuronal excitability via G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. This review covers the history of research concerning the role of catecholamines in modulating seizure susceptibility in animal models of epilepsy. Traditionally, most work on this topic has been anatomical, pharmacological, or physiological in nature. However, the recent advances in transgenic and knockout mouse technology provide new tools to study catecholamines and their roles in seizure susceptibility. New results from genetically engineered mice with altered catecholamine signaling, as well as possibilities for future experiments, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weinshenker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Box 357370, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Torta R, Monaco F. Atypical antipsychotics and serotoninergic antidepressants in patients with epilepsy: pharmacodynamic considerations. Epilepsia 2002; 43 Suppl 2:8-13. [PMID: 11903476 DOI: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.043s2008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To discuss the pharmacodynamic aspects of the administration of atypical antipsychotics (APs) and serotoninergic antidepressants (SSRIs) to patients with epilepsy. METHODS This article represents an overview of all studies concerning the administration of APs and SSRIs to people with epilepsy. In particular, it deals with the relationship between neuroleptics (NLTs), APs, SSRIs, serotonin, and dopamine, with special focus on the possible epileptogenic role of psychoactive drugs. RESULTS NLTs may induce seizures by blocking D2, H1, and.1 receptors, or by sexual hormone activation or a pharmacologic kindling mechanism. The difference among APs in their ability to induce seizures is related mainly to the percentage of D2-receptor occupancy and possibly also to their action on neurosteroids. Seizures occur at SSRIs therapeutic doses, with a 0.1-4% incidence. Coversely, in animal studies fluoxetine was claimed to exert an anticonvulsant action. CONCLUSIONS The study of the pharmacodynamic aspects of the administration of APs and SSRIs to patients with epilepsy can help to evaluate the importance of some mechanisms of action of several psychoactive drugs in relation to their pro- or anticonvulsant activity.
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Bourne JA, Fosbraey P, Halliday J. SCH 23390 affords protection against soman-evoked seizures in the freely moving guinea-pig: a concomitant neurochemical, electrophysiological and behavioural study. Neuropharmacology 2001; 40:279-88. [PMID: 11114407 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(00)00136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of striatal dopamine (DA) release in seizure activity evoked by the subcutaneous administration of the cholinesterase inhibitor pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman), in the guinea-pig. The involvement of the dopamine receptor subtypes was studied by systemic administration of the D(1)-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.5 mg kg(-1)) or the D(2)-like receptor antagonist sulpiride (30 mg kg(-1)). Microdialysis and HPLC with electrochemical detection were used to monitor changes in extracellular levels of striatal DA and its metabolites, acetylcholine and choline. These data were correlated with changes in the striatal and cortical electroencephalogram and observation of predefined clinical signs. We found that the blockade of the D(1) receptor with SCH 23390 can inhibit seizure activity, while blockade of the D(2) receptor with sulpiride can augment the evoked seizure activity. These results clarify the involvement of the dopaminergic system in soman-evoked seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bourne
- Biomedical Sciences Department, CBD Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
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Spealman RD, Barrett-Larimore RL, Rowlett JK, Platt DM, Khroyan TV. Pharmacological and environmental determinants of relapse to cocaine-seeking behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1999; 64:327-36. [PMID: 10515309 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have been developed that simulate relevant features of relapse to cocaine-seeking behavior in humans. These models have provided valuable information about pharmacological and environmental factors that precipitate reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking in rats and monkeys, as well as new insights about potential pharmacotherapies for relapse prevention. Reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in animals can be induced by cocaine priming or by cocaine-paired environmental stimuli: however, maximum reinstatement of drug-seeking appears to be induced when cocaine priming and cocaine-paired stimuli are combined. Drugs that share cocaine's indirect dopamine agonist properties or that act as direct agonists at D2-like dopamine receptors also induce reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, whereas with some exceptions (e.g., caffeine, morphine) drugs from other pharmacological classes do not. D1-like receptor agonists block rather than mimic the priming effects of cocaine, suggesting different roles for D1- and D2-like receptor mechanisms in cocaine relapse. Although considerable overlap exists, drugs that exhibit cocaine-like discriminative stimulus and/ or reinforcing effects in other situations do not invariably induce cocaine-like reinstatement of drug-seeking and vice versa, implying that these effects are not simply different behavioral expressions of a unitary neurobiological process. Finally, recent findings with D1-like receptor agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists suggest that some of these drugs may be viable candidates for development as antirelapse pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Spealman
- Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772-9102, USA
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Shiosaki K, Asin KE, Britton DR, Giardina WJ, Bednarz L, Mahan L, Mikusa J, Nikkel A, Wismer C. Hyperactivity and behavioral seizures in rodents following treatment with the dopamine D1 receptor agonists A-86929 and ABT-431. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 317:183-90. [PMID: 8997599 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(96)00718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A-86929 ((-)-trans-9,10-dihydroxy-2-propyl-4,5,5a,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3- thia-5-azacyclopent-1-ena[c]phenanthrene) is a potent and selective full agonist at the dopamine D1 receptor. Both A-86929 and ABT-431 ((-)-trans-9,10-diacetyloxy-2-propyl-4,5,5a,6,7,11b- hexahydro-3-thia-5-azacyclopent-1-ena[c]phenanthrene hydrochloride), the diacetyl prodrug derivative of A-86929, were evaluated for their effects on behavioral excitability in rodents. In rats, A-86929 produced a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity that was attenuated by the selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, as well as by higher doses of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol. Repeated administration of A-86929 over 6 days produced hyperactivity which did not change in magnitude across days. Acute administration of A-86929 and ABT-431 to mice produced behavioral seizure activity, with ED50 values of 7.1 and 2.7 mumol/kg, s.c., respectively, that was blocked by SCH 23390. Young rats (35-37 days) exhibited behavioral seizures following A-86929 and ABT-431 treatment (ED50 = 34.2 and 35.6 mumol/kg, s.c., respectively), but at doses higher than those required in mice. Moreover, adult rats (3 months) were less sensitive (ED50 = 345 mumol/kg, s.c.) to A-86929-induced seizures than young rats. Comparison of the ED50 values that produced behavioral seizure activity in rats with those previously established to produce contralateral rotation (ED50 = 0.24 mumol/kg, s.c.) in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat indicates that a significant dose separation exists between these two properties of A-86929.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shiosaki
- Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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22
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Abstract
The clinical benefits of dopamine agonists in the management of epilepsy can be traced back over a century, whilst the introduction of neuroleptics into psychiatry practice 40 years ago witnessed the emergence of fits as a side effect of dopamine receptor blockade. Epidemiologists noticed a reciprocal relationship between the supposed dopaminergic overactivity syndrome of schizophrenia and epilepsy, which came to be regarded as a dopamine underactivity condition. Early pharmacological studies of epilepsy employed nonselective drugs, that often did not permit dopamine's antiepileptic action to be clearly dissociated from that of other monoamines. Likewise, the biochemical search for genetic abnormalities in brain dopamine function, as predeterminants of spontaneous epilepsy, proved largely inconclusive. The discovery of multiple dopamine receptor families (D1 and D2), mediating opposing influences on neuronal excitability, heralded a new era of dopamine-epilepsy research. The traditional anticonvulsant action of dopamine was attributed to D2 receptor stimulation in the forebrain, while the advent of selective D1 agonists with proconvulsant properties revealed for the first time that dopamine could also lower the seizure threshold from the midbrain. Whilst there is no immediate prospect of developing D2 agonists or D1 antagonists as clinically useful antiepileptics, there is a growing awareness that seizures might be precipitated as a consequence of treating other neurological disorders with D2 antagonists (schizophrenia) or D1 agonists (parkinsonism).
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Starr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
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Shimosato K, Marley RJ, Saito T. Differential effects of NMDA receptor and dopamine receptor antagonists on cocaine toxicities. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1995; 51:781-8. [PMID: 7675859 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(95)00033-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine produces not only euphoric effects but also a wide range of detrimental effects, including seizures and lethality. The present study examined the involvement of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of the glutamate receptors and the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in seizure activity and lethality observed following single and repeated injections of cocaine in ddY mice. Repeated injections of 60 mg/kg cocaine resulted in the development of sensitization to the convulsant effects of cocaine during an initial 3 or 4 days, followed by the development of tolerance at day 5 and day 6. Repeated injections of 90 mg/kg cocaine augmented the lethal effect of cocaine progressively over the course of treatment. Treatment with 0.1-0.4 mg/kg of the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, prevented the development of sensitization to cocaine-induced seizures in a dose-dependent manner, and attenuated partially the cocaine-induced lethality. In contrast, treatment with 10-50 mg/kg of the dopmaine D2 receptor antagonist, sulpiride, had no effects on the development of sensitization and tolerance to cocaine-induced seizures. On the other hand, treatment with 0.1-0.5 mg/kg of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, not only prolonged the latency to 90 mg/kg cocaine-induced seizures but also delayed the development of sensitization to the convulsant effects of cocaine. The increased lethality observed following repeated injection of cocaine was unaffected by treatment with SCH 23390, but was severely aggravated by treatment with sulpiride.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimosato
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Abstract
The effects of chloroquine pretreatment were investigated on pentylenetetrazol-induced clonic-tonic convulsions in mice. The results demonstrated that lower doses of chloroquine (1.0-5.0 mg kg-1) significantly induced a delay in onset time to the clonic component of convulsions and reduced the incidence of the tonic phase of convulsions and mortality. In contrast, at a higher dose range (10.0-50.0 mg kg-1) chloroquine had opposite effects. This study points out the biphasic action of chloroquine on clonic-tonic PTZ convulsions and its preferential effect against the tonic phase of convulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N'Gouemo
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, INSERM U249 CNRS, Montpellier, France
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