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Golpasandhagh L, Samie N, Sabiza S, Rezaie A. Histopathological evaluation of the effect of melatonin gel on bone regeneration in rat model. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2023; 27:368-373. [PMID: 37593555 PMCID: PMC10431222 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_169_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of different doses of topical melatonin gel on bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects using histological analysis. Materials and Methods Fifteen adult female Wistar rats weighing approximately 200 g were used and 8 mm in diameter defects were created in their calvaria. The rats were divided into three groups: 1.2% melatonin gel, 5% melatonin gel, and the control group. The animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to prepare histological sections. Statistical analysis was performed using the Analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The results showed a significant difference in rate of ossification (P < 0.001), area of new capillaries (P = 0.002), and mean degree of inflammation (P < 0.001) between the three groups. Comparing groups pairwise, degree of inflammation (P = 0.003) and area of new capillaries (P = 0.019) were significantly lower in the 5% melatonin gel group than the 1.2% melatonin gel group (P = 0.003). The percentage of ossification was substantially greater in the 5% melatonin gel group than in the control and 1.2% melatonin gel groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion Within the limitations of this animal study, our findings revealed that melatonin gel can be used as a stimulant of bone formation. Outcomes in this study show increased percentage of ossification in the melatonin groups when compared with the control, in a dose-dependent manner, as 5% melatonin gel has a greater effect on ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Golpasandhagh
- Department of Periodontology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Neda Samie
- Department of Periodontology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Soroush Sabiza
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Annahita Rezaie
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Yi M, Yin Y, Sun J, Wang Z, Tang Q, Yang C. Hormone and implant osseointegration: Elaboration of the relationship among function, preclinical, and clinical practice. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965753. [PMID: 36188222 PMCID: PMC9522461 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As clusters of peptides or steroids capable of high-efficiency information transmission, hormones have been substantiated to coordinate metabolism, growth, development, and other physiological processes, especially in bone physiology and repair metabolism. In recent years, the application of hormones for implant osseointegration has become a research hotspot. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the relevant reports on endogenous hormones and their corresponding supplementary preparations to explore the association between hormones and the prognosis of implants. We also discuss the effects and mechanisms of insulin, parathyroid hormone, melatonin, vitamin D, and growth hormone on osseointegration at the molecular and body levels to provide a foothold and guide future research on the systemic conditions that affect the implantation process and expand the relative contraindications of the implant, and the pre-and post-operative precautions. This review shows that systemic hormones can regulate the osseointegration of oral implants through endogenous or exogenous drug-delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeying Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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Gargano G, Oliva F, Migliorini F, Maffulli N. Melatonin and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: The present evidence. Surgeon 2021; 20:e315-e321. [PMID: 34489192 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a multifactorial condition with genetic predisposing factors, and several causes have been put forward for its aetiopathogenesis, including possible hormonal dysfunction. Melatonin seems to play significant role in AIS. METHODS A systematic search in different database, to July 2021, was performed to define the role of melatonin in the pathophysiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eight suitable studies were identified. RESULTS The concentration and rhythm of melatonin secretion can play an important role by influencing the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. CONCLUSIONS Although there are many alterations of melatonin in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, the many variables present do not allow to establish a direct cause-effect relationship. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gargano
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131, Salerno, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 7, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131, Salerno, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 7, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131, Salerno, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 7, Baronissi, SA, Italy; Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG, 10, England; School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent, England.
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Kang J, Chen H, Zhang F, Yan T, Fan W, Jiang L, He H, Huang F. RORα Regulates Odontoblastic Differentiation and Mediates the Pro-Odontogenic Effect of Melatonin on Dental Papilla Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:1098. [PMID: 33669807 PMCID: PMC7922395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental papilla cells (DPCs), precursors of odontoblasts, are considered promising seed cells for tissue engineering. Emerging evidence suggests that melatonin promotes odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs and affects tooth development, although the precise mechanisms remain unknown. Retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is a nuclear receptor for melatonin that plays a critical role in cell differentiation and embryonic development. This study aimed to explore the role of RORα in odontoblastic differentiation and determine whether melatonin exerts its pro-odontogenic effect via RORα. Herein, we observed that RORα was expressed in DPCs and was significantly increased during odontoblastic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of RORα upregulated the expression of odontogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodules formation (p < 0.05). In contrast, odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs was suppressed by RORα knockdown. Moreover, we found that melatonin elevated the expression of odontogenic markers, which was accompanied by the upregulation of RORα (p < 0.001). Utilising small interfering RNA, we further demonstrated that RORα inhibition attenuated melatonin-induced odontogenic gene expression, ALP activity and matrix mineralisation (p < 0.01). Collectively, these results provide the first evidence that RORα can promote odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs and mediate the pro-odontogenic effect of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haoling Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tong Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liulin Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Experimental Study on the Influence of Apigenin K and Melatonin in Socket Preservation as Bone Stimulators: An Experimental Study in Beagle Dogs. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to evaluate whether apigenin K and melatonin M5250 were able to stimulate bone formation after tooth extraction at one, two, and three months follow-up. Six male beagle dogs were used. Apigenin K and melatonin M5250 immersed in hemostatic collagen sponges were placed in the third and fourth premolar and the first molar extracted sockets; the second premolar was used as control. At one, two, and three months, bone core biopsies were performed, and picrosirius–hematoxylin was used for the staining process. In the first month, a higher amount of calcified bone tissue was observed in the melatonin (77.87% ± 1.2%) and apigenin K (69.81% ± 1.8%) groups than the control group (57.27% ± 0.54%), with apparent discrepancies in values between the three groups (p < 0.04). In the second month, there was a considerable improvement in the results in the areas with melatonin (79.81% ± 0.11%) than in those of apigenin K (71.65% ± 0.52%) and control (64.77% ± 0.44%) (p < 0.04). In the third month, the number of mature bone was similar to all the groups. The creation of new bone was significant in the melatonin group (82.78% ± 0.87%), followed by the apigenin K group (78.76% ± 0.43%) and the control group (57.27% ± 0.11%). From this experimental study in dogs, it can be concluded that melatonin and apigenin K can accelerate the process of mineralization of the bone matrix, and thus the creation of laminae in the early stages of healing (1 month). Less reabsorption of the post-extraction sockets can be expected with the topical application of melatonin and apigenin K. It seems that the stimulatory effects of bone healing induced by the topical application of melatonin and apigenin K are defect-size-dependent, being more evident in small defects compared to larger defects.
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Calvo-Guirado JL, López-López PJ, Domínguez MF, Gosálvez MM, Prados-Frutos JC, Gehrke SA. Retracted: Histologic evaluation of new bone in post-extraction sockets induced by melatonin and apigenin: an experimental study in American fox hound dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018; 29:1176. [PMID: 27191920 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical applications of melatonin and apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) on new bone formation in post-extraction sockets after 30, 60 and 90 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six American fox hounds were used in the study, extracting mandibular premolars (P2, P3 and P4) and first molar (M1). Melatonin or apigenin impregnated in collagen sponges were applied at P3, P4 and M1 sites in both hemimandibles; P2 sites were used as control sites. Bone biopsies were taken at 30, 60 and 90 days and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. RESULTS At 30 days, a higher percentage of immature bone was observed in the control group (58.11 ± 1.76%) than in the apigenin (34.11 ± 1.02%) and melatonin groups (24.9 ± 0.14%) with significant differences between the three groups (P < 0.05). At 60 days, results were significantly better at melatonin sites (10.34 ± 1.09%) than apigenin (19.22 ± 0.35%) and control sites (36.7 ± 1.11%) (P < 0.05). At 90 days, immature bone percentages were similar for all groups. New bone formation was higher in melatonin group (79.56 ± 1.9%) than apigenin (68.89 ± 1.5%) and control group (58.87 ± 0.12%). CONCLUSIONS Topical applications of either melatonin or apigenin have a potential to accelerate bone tissue in early healing stages; melatonin was seen to have stimulated bone maturation to a greater extent at the 60 days of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Calvo-Guirado
- Dentistry, International Dentistry Research Cathedra, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Patricia J López-López
- International Dentistry Research Cathedra, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Maiquez Gosálvez
- International Dentistry Research Cathedra, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Alexandre Gehrke
- Biotecnos, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
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The multiple functions of melatonin in regenerative medicine. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 45:33-52. [PMID: 29630951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin research has been experiencing hyper growth in the last two decades; this relates to its numerous physiological functions including anti-inflammation, oncostasis, circadian and endocrine rhythm regulation, and its potent antioxidant activity. Recently, a large number of studies have focused on the role of melatonin in the regeneration of cells or tissues after their partial loss. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the molecular involvement of melatonin in the regeneration of various tissues including the nervous system, liver, bone, kidney, bladder, skin, and muscle, among others.
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Palin LP, Polo TOB, Batista FRDS, Gomes-Ferreira PHS, Garcia Junior IR, Rossi AC, Freire A, Faverani LP, Sumida DH, Okamoto R. Daily melatonin administration improves osseointegration in pinealectomized rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170470. [PMID: 29995145 PMCID: PMC6025886 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of this study was that the peri-implant bone healing of the group of pinealectomized rats would differ from the control group. The samples were subjected to immunohistochemical, microtomographic (total porosity and connectivity density), and fluorochrome (mineralized surface) analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Pitol Palin
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Tarik Ocon Braga Polo
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Cirurgia e Clínica Integrada, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fábio Roberto de Souza Batista
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Cirurgia e Clínica Integrada, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Idelmo Rangel Garcia Junior
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Cirurgia e Clínica Integrada, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Cláudia Rossi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Área de Anatomia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Freire
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Área de Anatomia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Perez Faverani
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Cirurgia e Clínica Integrada, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Doris Hissako Sumida
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
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Renn TY, Huang YK, Feng SW, Wang HW, Lee WF, Lin CT, Burnouf T, Chen LY, Kao PF, Chang HM. Prophylactic supplement with melatonin successfully suppresses the pathogenesis of periodontitis through normalizing RANKL/OPG ratio and depressing the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. J Pineal Res 2018; 64. [PMID: 29274168 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by gingival inflammation and resorption of alveolar bone. Impaired receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) signaling caused by enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of PD. Considering melatonin possesses significant anti-inflammatory property, this study aimed to determine whether prophylactic treatment with melatonin would effectively normalize RANKL/OPG signaling, depress toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (TLR4/MyD88)-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine activation, and successfully suppress the pathogenesis of PD. PD was induced in adult rats by placing the ligature at molar subgingival regions. Fourteen days before PD induction, 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg of melatonin was intraperitoneally injected for consecutive 28 days. Biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect TLR4/MyD88 activity, RANKL, OPG, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, respectively. The extent of bone loss, bone mineral intensity, and calcium intensity was further evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results indicated that high RANKL/OPG ratio, TLR4/MyD88 activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were detected following PD. Impaired biochemical findings paralleled well with severe bone loss and reduced calcium intensity. However, in rats pretreated with melatonin, all above parameters were successfully returned to nearly normal levels with maximal change observed in rats receiving 100 mg/kg. As prophylactic treatment with melatonin effectively normalizes RANKL/OPG signaling by depressing TLR4/MyD88-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine production, dietary supplement with melatonin may serve as an advanced strategy to strengthen oral health to counteract PD-induced destructive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Renn
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kai Huang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Wang
- School of Dentistry - Master and PhD Program, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Lee
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Tong Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-You Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Fu Kao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Carpentieri AR, Peralta Lopez ME, Aguilar J, Solá VM. Melatonin and periodontal tissues: Molecular and clinical perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:224-231. [PMID: 28918172 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a frequent chronic inflammatory pathology that implies the destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth, which represents a high sanitary cost. It usually appears associated with other systemic conditions such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, depression and Alzheimer disease among others. The presence of melatonin and its receptors in the oral cavity supports the hypothesis that this hormone could play a role in homeostasis of periodontal tissues. In the present review we will discuss the potential role of melatonin, a circadian synchronizing hormone, with proved antiinflammatory and antioxidant profile, in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis. Particular emphasis will be placed on the role of the indolamine in the treatment of periodontal disease when this oral condition is comorbid with other pathologies that would also benefit from the therapeutic potential of melatonin and its analogs through diverse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Rita Carpentieri
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; INICSA/UNC-CONICET, Enrique Barros esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María Elena Peralta Lopez
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra de Clínica Médica II, Hospital San Roque, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier Aguilar
- Instituto Dr. José M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra "B" de Introducción a la Física y Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Mariana Solá
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its antioxidant properties and its ability to detoxify free radicals, melatonin may interfere in the function of osteoclasts and thereby inhibit bone resorption. This inhibition of bone resorption may be enhanced by a reaction of indolamine in osteoclastogenesis and this may contribute to certain benefits in implantology. OBJECTIVE This systematic literature review on the use of melatonin in implant dentistry aims to provide guidelines for clinicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Science Direct, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane base databases were used to identify articles published between 1999 and 2013 on melatonin use in implant dentistry. Ten articles were selected consisting of 9 animal research studies and 1 review article, involving 60 Beagle dogs, 57 rats, and 30 rabbits and a total of 352 implants. RESULTS Melatonin, which is released into the saliva, has important implications in the oral cavity. To achieve dental implant stability, osseointegration involves a cascade of protein and cell apposition, vascular invasion, bone formation, and maturation. This process may be accelerated by local delivery of growth-promoting factors, as occurs with the topical application of melatonin over the implant surface. CONCLUSIONS The experimental evidence suggests that topical applications of melatonin may be useful in oral surgery and implant dentistry, increasing bone-to-implant contact values and new bone formation, and so improving the success and long-term survival of implant treatments.
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Arora H, Ivanovski S. Melatonin as a pro-osteogenic agent in oral implantology: a systematic review of histomorphometric outcomes in animals and quality evaluation using ARRIVE guidelines. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:151-161. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Arora
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| | - S. Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; Gold Coast Qld Australia
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Salomó-Coll O, de Maté-Sánchez JEV, Ramírez-Fernandez MP, Hernández-Alfaro F, Gargallo-Albiol J, Calvo-Guirado JL. Osseoinductive elements around immediate implants for better osteointegration: a pilot study in foxhound dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 29:1061-1069. [PMID: 26923181 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on osseointegration of topical applications of melatonin vs. vitamin D over surfaces of immediate implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mandibular premolar distal roots (P2 , P3 , P4 ) were extracted bilaterally from six American Foxhound dogs. Three conical immediate implants were randomly placed bilaterally in each mandible. Three randomized groups were created: melatonin 5% test group (MI), vitamin D 10% test group (DI), and Control group implants (CI). Block sections were obtained after 12 weeks and processed for mineralized ground sectioning. Bone-to-implant contact (total BIC), new bone formation (NBF), inter-thread bone (ITB), and histological linear measurements (HLM) were assessed. RESULTS At 12 weeks, all implants were clinically stable and histologically osseointegrated. Total BIC values were 49.20 ± 3.26 for the MI group, 49.86 ± 1.89 for DI group and 45.78 ± 4.21 for the CI group (P < 0.018) with statistically significant difference between the three groups. BIC percentage were 42.44 ± 2.18 for MI, 44.56 ± 1.08 for DI, and 41.95 ± 3.34 for CI groups respectively (P > 0.05). Inter-thread bone formation values were MI 17.56 ± 2.01, for DI 19.87 ± 0.92, and CI 14.56 ± 1.24 (P > 0.05). Statistically significant differences in peri-implant new bone formation were found between the three groups: MI 28.76 ± 1.98, DI 32.56 ± 1.11 and CI 25.43 ± 4.67, respectively (P < 0.045). Linear measurements showed that the MI group showed significantly less lingual crestal bone loss (CBL) (MI 0.59 ± 0.71), compared to DI (0.91 ± 1.21) and CI (0.93 ± 1.21) (P < 0.042), and less lingual peri-implant mucosa (PIM) (MI 3.11 ± 1.34),(DI 3.25 ± 0.18 compared with CI 3.54 ± 1.81 (P = 0.429). Linear measurements of buccal CBL showed significantly less buccal bone loss in test DI (0.36 ± 0.12) than CI (1.34 ± 1.23) and MI (1.11 ± 1.38) (P = 0.078). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this animal study, topical applications of 5% Melatonin or 10% vitamin D improved bone formation around implants placed immediately after extraction and helped to reduce CBL after 12 weeks osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Salomó-Coll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J E Val de Maté-Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - M P Ramírez-Fernandez
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - F Hernández-Alfaro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gargallo-Albiol
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Calvo-Guirado
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
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Salomó-Coll O, Maté-Sánchez de Val JE, Ramírez-Fernández MP, Satorres-Nieto M, Gargallo-Albiol J, Calvo-Guirado JL. Osseoinductive elements for promoting osseointegration around immediate implants: a pilot study in the foxhound dog. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:e167-e175. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Salomó-Coll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; International University of Catalonia; Barcelona Spain
| | | | | | - M. Satorres-Nieto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; International University of Catalonia; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Gargallo-Albiol
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; International University of Catalonia; Barcelona Spain
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15
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Arabacı T, Kermen E, Özkanlar S, Köse O, Kara A, Kızıldağ A, Duman ŞB, Ibişoğlu E. Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin on Alveolar Bone Resorption After Experimental Periodontitis in Rats: A Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Study. J Periodontol 2015; 86:874-81. [PMID: 25812911 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to investigate the effects of systemic melatonin administration on alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontitis in rats. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (control, experimental periodontitis [Ped], and experimental periodontitis treated with melatonin [Mel-Ped]). For periodontitis induction, first molars were ligatured submarginally for 4 weeks. After ligature removal, rats in the Mel-Ped group were treated with a daily single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight melatonin for 15 consecutive days. At the end of the study, intracardiac blood samples and mandible tissues were obtained for histologic, biochemical, and radiographic analysis. Serum markers related to bone turnover, calcium, phosphorus, bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), and terminal C telopeptide of collagen Type I (CTX) were analyzed. Myeloperoxidase levels were determined in gingival tissue homogenates, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) activation was analyzed in the mandible samples stereologically. Alveolar bone loss was also evaluated radiographically in the mandible samples of each group. RESULTS Melatonin treatment decreased serum CTX levels and increased b-ALP levels. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were not statistically different among groups (P >0.05). Alveolar bone resorption and myeloperoxidase activity were statistically higher in the Ped group compared to the Mel-Ped group (P <0.05). Immunohistochemical staining of RANKL and osteoclast activity were significantly lower in the Mel-Ped group compared to the Ped group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION This study reveals that melatonin treatment significantly inhibits regional alveolar bone resorption and contributes to periodontal healing in an experimental periodontitis rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Arabacı
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Eda Kermen
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seçkin Özkanlar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University
| | - Oğuz Köse
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adem Kara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University
| | - Alper Kızıldağ
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şuayip Burak Duman
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
| | - Ebru Ibişoğlu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University
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16
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Kyllönen L, D’Este M, Alini M, Eglin D. Local drug delivery for enhancing fracture healing in osteoporotic bone. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:412-34. [PMID: 25218339 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fragility fractures can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with osteoporosis and inflict a considerable medical and socioeconomic burden. Moreover, treatment of an osteoporotic fracture is challenging due to the decreased strength of the surrounding bone and suboptimal healing capacity, predisposing both to fixation failure and non-union. Whereas a systemic osteoporosis treatment acts slowly, local release of osteogenic agents in osteoporotic fracture would act rapidly to increase bone strength and quality, as well as to reduce the bone healing period and prevent development of a problematic non-union. The identification of agents with potential to stimulate bone formation and improve implant fixation strength in osteoporotic bone has raised hope for the fast augmentation of osteoporotic fractures. Stimulation of bone formation by local delivery of growth factors is an approach already in clinical use for the treatment of non-unions, and could be utilized for osteoporotic fractures as well. Small molecules have also gained ground as stable and inexpensive compounds to enhance bone formation and tackle osteoporosis. The aim of this paper is to present the state of the art on local drug delivery in osteoporotic fractures. Advantages, disadvantages and underlying molecular mechanisms of different active species for local bone healing in osteoporotic bone are discussed. This review also identifies promising new candidate molecules and innovative approaches for the local drug delivery in osteoporotic bone.
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Calvo-Guirado JL, Aguilar Salvatierra A, Gargallo-Albiol J, Delgado-Ruiz RA, Maté Sanchez JE, Satorres-Nieto M. Zirconia with laser-modified microgrooved surface vs. titanium implants covered with melatonin stimulates bone formation. Experimental study in tibia rabbits. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:1421-9. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Calvo-Guirado
- Department of General Dentistry & Implantology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Antonio Aguilar Salvatierra
- Department of General Dentistry & Implantology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | | | - Rafael Arcesio Delgado-Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology; School of Dental Medicine; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Jose Eduardo Maté Sanchez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Marta Satorres-Nieto
- Department of Implantology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; International University of Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
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18
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Cassetta M, Perrotti V, Calasso S, Piattelli A, Sinjari B, Iezzi G. Bone formation in sinus augmentation procedures using autologous bone, porcine bone, and a 50 : 50 mixture: a human clinical and histological evaluation at 2 months. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:1180-4. [PMID: 24861978 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to perform a 2 months clinical and histological comparison of autologous bone, porcine bone, and a 50 : 50 mixture in maxillary sinus augmentation procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10 consecutive patients, undergoing two-stage sinus augmentation procedures using 100% autologous bone (Group A), 100% porcine bone (Group B), and a 50 : 50 mixture of autologous and porcine bone (Group C) were included in this study. After a 2-month healing period, at the time of implant insertion, clinical evaluation was performed and bone core biopsies were harvested and processed for histological analysis. RESULTS The postoperative healing was uneventful regardless of the materials used for the sinus augmentation procedures. The histomorphometrical analysis revealed comparable percentages of newly formed bone, marrow spaces, and residual grafted material in the three groups. CONCLUSION The clinical and histological results of this study indicated that porcine bone alone or in combination with autologous bone are biocompatible and osteoconductive materials and can be successfully used in sinus augmentation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Bruna Sinjari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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19
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Calvo-Guirado JL, Gómez-Moreno G, Maté-Sánchez JE, López-Marí L, Delgado-Ruiz R, Romanos GE. Retracted:
New bone formation in bone defects after melatonin and porcine bone grafts: experimental study in rabbits. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:399-406. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo Gómez-Moreno
- Pharmacological Interactions in Dentistry and Special Care in Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael Delgado-Ruiz
- Prosthodontics and Digital Technology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY USA
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20
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Maria S, Witt-Enderby PA. Melatonin effects on bone: potential use for the prevention and treatment for osteopenia, osteoporosis, and periodontal disease and for use in bone-grafting procedures. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:115-25. [PMID: 24372640 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An important role for melatonin in bone formation and restructuring has emerged, and studies demonstrate the multiple mechanisms for these beneficial actions. Statistical analysis shows that even with existing osteoporotic therapies, bone-related disease, and mortality are on the rise, creating a huge financial burden for societies worldwide. These findings suggest that novel alternatives need to be developed to either prevent or reverse bone loss to combat osteoporosis-related fractures. The focus of this review describes melatonin's role in bone physiology and discusses how disruption of melatonin rhythms by light exposure at night, shift work, and disease can adversely impact on bone. The signal transduction mechanisms underlying osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and coupling with one another are discussed with a focus on how melatonin, through the regulation of RANKL and osteoprotegerin synthesis and release from osteoblasts, can induce osteoblastogenesis while inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Also, melatonin's free-radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of this indoleamine are discussed as yet an additional mechanism by which melatonin can maintain one's bone health, especially oral health. The clinical use for melatonin in bone-grafting procedures, in reversing bone loss due to osteopenia and osteoporosis, and in managing periodontal disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifat Maria
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Gao W, Lin M, Liang A, Zhang L, Chen C, Liang G, Xu C, Peng Y, Chen C, Huang D, Su P. Melatonin enhances chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:62-70. [PMID: 24117903 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification are two ways through which bone formation and fracture healing occur. Accumulating amounts of evidence suggests that melatonin affects osteoblast differentiation, but little is known about the effects of melatonin on the process of chondrogenic differentiation. In this study, the effects of melatonin on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergoing chondrogenic differentiation were investigated. Cells were induced along chondrogenic differentiation via high-density micromass culture in chondrogenic medium containing vehicle or 50 nm melatonin. Histological study and quantitative analysis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) showed induced cartilage tissues to be larger and richer in GAG, collagen type II and collagen type X in the melatonin group than in the untreated controls. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that melatonin treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of the genes involved in chondrogenic differentiation, including aggrecan (ACAN), collagen type II (COL2A1), collagen type X (COL10A1), SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and the potent inducer of chondrogenic differentiation, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). And the expression of melatonin membrane receptors (MT) MT1 and MT2 were detected in the chondrogenic-induced-MSCs by immunofluorescence staining. Luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist, was found to partially block the ability of melatonin to increase the size and GAG synthesis of the induced cartilage tissues, as well as to completely reverse the effect of melatonin on the gene expression of ACAN, COL2A1, COL10A1, SOX9 and BMP2 after 7 days of differentiation. These findings demonstrate that melatonin enhances chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs at least partially through melatonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Liu J, Zhou H, Fan W, Dong W, Fu S, He H, Huang F. Melatonin influences proliferation and differentiation of rat dental papilla cells in vitro and dentine formation in vivo by altering mitochondrial activity. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:170-8. [PMID: 22946647 PMCID: PMC3597977 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin mediates a variety of biological processes ranging from the control of circadian rhythms to immune regulation. Melatonin also influences bone formation and osteointegration of dental implants. However, the effects of melatonin on dentine formation have not been examined. This study investigated the effects of melatonin on the proliferation and differentiation of rat dental papilla cells (rDPCs) in vitro and dentine formation in vivo. We found that melatonin (0, 10(-12) , 10(-10) ,10(-8) m) induced a dose-dependent reduction in rDPCs proliferation, increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the expression of dentine sialoprotein (DSP), and mineralized matrix formation in vitro. In vivo melatonin (50 mg/kg, BW, i.p.) inhibited dentine formation. Melatonin (10(-8 ) m) suppressed the activity of complex I and IV in the basal medium (OS-) and enhanced the activity of complex I and complex IV in osteogenic medium (OS+). These results demonstrate that melatonin suppresses the proliferation and promotes differentiation of rDPCs, the mechanisms of which may be related to activity of mitochondrial complex I and complex IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of pediatric dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of pediatric dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Shenli Fu
- Department of pediatric dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of pediatric dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Ling Y, Chen C, Liang A, Peng Y, Chang H, Su P, Huang D. Sustained release of melatonin from poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres to induce osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:24-32. [PMID: 22712496 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.01016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin promotes bone formation and prevents bone degradation via receptor-dependent or receptor-independent actions. The aim of this study is to encapsulate melatonin into poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (PLGA-MEL-MS) and create a melatonin sustained release system, then to evaluate its effect on the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro. PLGA-MEL-MS were prepared by single emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the incorporation of melatonin did not disturb the conventional generation of PLGA microspheres in size and morphology. In vitro drug release assay showed that PLGA-MEL-MS exhibited a biphasic drug release pattern: a low initial burst release effect with approximately 40% drug release at the first 3 days and a relatively retarded and continuous release with about 85% drug release over the 25 days. Cell proliferation assay demonstrated that PLGA-MEL-MS had no apparent effect on proliferation of human MSCs. In an osteogenesis assay, PLGA-MEL-MS obviously enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA expression and increased ALP activity compared to that in the control group. Meanwhile, several markers of osteoblast differentiation were also significantly upregulated, including runx2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. Furthermore, quantificational alizarin red-based assay demonstrated that PLGA-MEL-MS significantly enhanced calcium deposit of hMSCs compared to the controls. Therefore, this simple melatonin sustained release system can control released melatonin to generate a microenvironment with a relatively stable concentration of melatonin for a period of time to support osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. This suggests that this system may be used as bone growth stimulator in bone healing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Melatonin: a novel indolamine in oral health and disease. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:720185. [PMID: 22899929 PMCID: PMC3415143 DOI: 10.1155/2012/720185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper attempts to summarise the findings accumulated within the last few years concerning the hormone of darkness “melatonin.” Based on its origin, from the pineal gland until recently it was portrayed exclusively as a hormone. Due to its lipophilic nature, it is accessible to every cell. Thus, in the classic sense it is a cell protector rather than a hormone. Recent studies, by Claustrat et al. (2005), detected few extrapineal sources of melatonin like retina, gastrointestinal tract, and salivary glands. Due to these sources, research by Cutando et al. (2007), is trying to explore the implications of melatonin in the oral cavity, in addition to its physiologic anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory and oncostatic functions at systemic level that may be receptor dependent or independent. Recently, certain in vivo studies by Shimozuma et al. (2011), detected the secretion of melatonin from salivary glands further emphasising its local activity. Thus, within our confines the effects of melatonin in the mouth are reviewed, adding a note on therapeutic potentials of melatonin both systemically and orally.
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Bertl K, Schoiber A, Haririan H, Laky M, Steiner I, Rausch WD, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Non-surgical periodontal therapy influences salivary melatonin levels. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1219-25. [PMID: 22847856 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melatonin is a hormone, which is involved in the control of the circadian rhythm, but also acts as an antioxidant and immune modulator. Previous studies reported decreased salivary and serum melatonin levels in periodontitis. This prospective cohort trial assessed the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on melatonin levels. METHODS Salivary and serum samples of 60 participants (30 patients suffering from a severe generalized form of periodontitis, 30 healthy controls) were collected at baseline and 19 samples of periodontitis patients after treatment. Salivary and serum melatonin levels were determined by a commercially available ELISA kit and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) by a routine laboratory test. RESULTS At baseline, periodontitis patients showed significantly increased serum CRP values and significantly decreased salivary melatonin levels compared to the control group. Clinical periodontal parameters significantly correlated with salivary melatonin levels and serum CRP. Periodontal therapy resulted in a recovery of the decreased salivary melatonin levels and a negative correlation was detected for the changes of salivary melatonin and the inflammatory parameter bleeding on probing. Serum melatonin levels showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Salivary melatonin levels recovered after periodontal therapy and correlated with a decrease of local periodontal inflammation. This may imply the local involvement of melatonin in the pathogenesis of periodontitis due to its antioxidant abilities. However, the exact role of melatonin in periodontal disease remains to be investigated in future trials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present results suggest salivary melatonin as a risk indicator for the severity of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bertl
- Division of Oral Surgery, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Melatonin Impairs Fracture Healing by Suppressing RANKL-Mediated Bone Remodeling. J Surg Res 2012; 173:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Melatonin promotes angiogenesis during repair of bone defects: a radiological and histomorphometric study in rabbit tibiae. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:147-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Calvo-Guirado JL, Aguilar-Salvatierra A, Guardia J, Delgado-Ruiz R, Ramírez-Fernández MP, Pérez Sánchez C, Gómez-Moreno G. Evaluation of periimplant bone neoformation using different scanning electron microscope methods for measuring BIC. A dog study. J Clin Exp Dent 2012; 4:e8-e13. [PMID: 24558531 PMCID: PMC3908816 DOI: 10.4317/jced.50624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetives: The aim of this study was to determine which of three methods for measuring BIC (bone-to-implant contact), using vestibular and lingual scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for different implant systems at 15, 30 and 90 days post-surgery was the most precise. An elemental analysis with SEM was used to evaluate neoformed bone composition for three implant systems at the same study times.
Material and Methods: 36 implants were placed in eighteen Beagle dogs mandible about one year old and weighing approximately 12-13 kg in order to evaluate bone apposition to three different implant surfaces. It was used the third and fourth premolar and first molar distal sockets in both quadrants of the mandible (3P3, 4P4 and 1M1). Teeth were hemi-sected and the distal roots were removed. The specimens were prepared for histological examination and each section surface was stained using Masson’s trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin stains. BIC evaluations were performed by the three methods, BIC I (the quantity of mineralized bone in direct contact with the implant’s titanium surface across the entire threaded area); BIC II (along a line that passes from apex to apex of the implant threads); BIC III (both in areas around and above the threads and in between threads).
Results: Both BIC and bone content were analyzed for all implants placed in P3, P4 y M1 alveoli on both, the buccal and palatine sides (elemental analysis quantified Ca, P, O and C). It was seen it was only at the ninety-day mark that high percentages of calcium were present.
Conclusions: This study suggest that BIC III evaluation is the most certain method for establishing the quantity of bone formed as the BIC area.
Key words:Bone-to-impant contact, dogs, extraction socket, implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Calvo-Guirado
- Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Javier Guardia
- Department of Pharmacological Interactions in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado-Ruiz
- Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Gerardo Gómez-Moreno
- Department of Pharmacological Interactions in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Granada, Spain
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29
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Park KH, Kang JW, Lee EM, Kim JS, Rhee YH, Kim M, Jeong SJ, Park YG, Kim SH. Melatonin promotes osteoblastic differentiation through the BMP/ERK/Wnt signaling pathways. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:187-94. [PMID: 21470302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although melatonin has a variety of biological actions such as antitumor, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant activities, the osteogenic mechanism of melatonin still remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, the molecular mechanism of melatonin was elucidated in the differentiation of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Melatonin enhanced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization compared to untreated controls in preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Also, melatonin increased wound healing and dose-dependently activated osteogenesis markers such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 and -4 in MC3T3-E1 cells. Of note, melatonin activated Wnt 5 α/β, β-catenin and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in a time-dependent manner while it attenuated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) in MC3T3-E1 cells. Consistently, confocal microscope observation revealed that BMP inhibitor Noggin blocked melatonin-induced nuclear localization of β-catenin. Furthermore, Western blotting showed that Noggin reversed activation of β-catenin and Wnt5 α/β and suppression of GSK-3β induced by melatonin in MC3T3-E1 cells, which was similarly induced by ERK inhibitor PD98059. Overall, these findings demonstrate that melatonin promotes osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells via the BMP/ERK/Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Ho Park
- Department of Orthodondritics, Kyung-Hee University College of Dental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Blasiak J, Kasznicki J, Drzewoski J, Pawlowska E, Szczepanska J, Reiter RJ. Perspectives on the use of melatonin to reduce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of methacrylate-based dental materials. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:157-62. [PMID: 21470304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine), an indoleamine produced in the pineal gland and many other organs, displays a wide spectrum of protective effects against cell injury of various origins. Contemporary dental restorative materials mainly consist of methacrylate polymers with some additives. However, because of the incompleteness of polymerization process in situ as well as mechanical shearing and enzymatic degradation, methacrylate monomers are released from the restoration into the oral cavity and the pulp, from where they gain access to other tissues and organs. Such monomers have displayed toxic properties in many in vivo and in vitro studies, including cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and a considerable portion of these effects is underlined by the oxidative action of these compounds. As melatonin shows biocompatibility with the oral cavity and displays antioxidative properties, it may be considered as a protective agent against harmful effects of methacrylate monomers derived from dental restorations. Melatonin decreases cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of methacrylate monomers used in dentistry, and it does not influence the bond strength of dental composites. This opens a new possible application of melatonin to improve properties of biomaterials used in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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31
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Calvo-Guirado JL, Ramírez-Fernández MP, Gómez-Moreno G, Maté-Sánchez JE, Delgado-Ruiz R, Guardia J, López-Marí L, Barone A, Ortiz-Ruiz AJ, Martínez-González JM, Bravo LA. Melatonin stimulates the growth of new bone around implants in the tibia of rabbits. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:356-63. [PMID: 20666975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the topical application of melatonin in accelerating bone formation associated with implants 2 months after their application to the tibiae of rabbits. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were used. Twenty implants treated with melatonin and 20 control implants without melatonin were placed in the proximal metaphyseal area of each tibia. Studies of new bone formation were subsequently made at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Cortical width and cortical length of new bone formation were measured. Following implantation, an anteroposterior and lateral radiologic study was carried out. Collected samples were sectioned at 5 μm and stained using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichromic and Gordon-Switt reticulin stains. After a 60 day treatment period, melatonin increased the length of cortical bone (95.13±0.42%) versus that around control implants (62.91±1.45%). Related to the perimeter of cortical bone of the tibiae, melatonin induced new bone 88.35±1.56% versus 60.20±1.67% in the control implants. Melatonin regenerated the width and length of cortical bone around implants in tibiae of rabbits more quickly than around control implants without the addition of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Calvo-Guirado
- Department of General Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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32
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Zhang L, Su P, Xu C, Chen C, Liang A, Du K, Peng Y, Huang D. Melatonin inhibits adipogenesis and enhances osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing PPARγ expression and enhancing Runx2 expression. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:364-72. [PMID: 20738756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis and osteogenesis, a reciprocal relationship in bone marrow, are complex processes including proliferation of precursor cells, commitment to the specific lineage, and terminal differentiation. Accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that melatonin affects terminal differentiation of osteoblasts and adipocytes, but little is known about the effect of melatonin on the process of adipogenesis and osteogenesis, especially adipogenesis. This study was performed to determine the effect of melatonin on adipogenesis and osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Cell proliferation assays demonstrated that melatonin had no apparent effect on the proliferation of hMSCs. When melatonin was added to the adipogenic/osteogenic medium, it directly inhibited adipogenesis and simultaneously promoted osteogenesis of hMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that melatonin significantly suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression (day 3, 25% decrease; day 6, 47% decrease), but promoted Runx2 expression (day 3, 87% increase; day 6, 56% increase) in the early stages of adipogenesis and osteogenesis of hMSCs. Moreover, melatonin down-regulated several markers of terminal adipocyte differentiation, including leptin (30%), lipoprotein lipase (LPL, 41%), adiponectin (51%), and adipocyte protein 2 (αP2, 45%). Meanwhile, melatonin up-regulated several markers of osteoblast differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase (110%), osteopontin (218%), and osteocalcin (310%). These results suggest that melatonin directly inhibits hMSCs adipogenic differentiation and significantly enhances hMSCs osteogenic differentiation by suppressing PPARγ expression and enhancing Runx2 expression; this provides further evidence for melatonin as an anti-osteoporosis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Sethi S, Radio NM, Kotlarczyk MP, Chen CT, Wei YH, Jockers R, Witt-Enderby PA. Determination of the minimal melatonin exposure required to induce osteoblast differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells and these effects on downstream signaling pathways. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:222-38. [PMID: 20626586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the critical time periods of melatonin treatment required to induce human mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) into osteoblasts and to determine which osteogenic genes are involved in the process. The study design consisted of adding melatonin for different times (2, 5, 10, 14 or 21 days) toward the end of a 21-day treatment containing osteogenic (OS+) medium or at the beginning of the 21-day treatment and then withdrawn. The results show that a 21-day continuous melatonin treatment was required to induce both alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition and these effects were mediated through MT₂Rs. Functional analysis revealed that peak ALP levels induced by melatonin were accompanied by attenuation of melatonin-mediated inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation. Immunoprecipitation and western blot analyses, respectively, showed that MT₂R/β-arrestin scaffolds complexed to Gi, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 formed in these differentiated hAMSCs (i.e., when ALP levels were highest) where ERK1/2 resided primarily in the cytosol. It is hypothesized that these complexes form to modulate the subcellular localization of ERK1/2 to affect osteogenic gene expression. Using real-time RT-PCR, chronic melatonin exposure induced the expression of osteogenic genes RUNX-2, osteocalcin and BMP-2, through MT₂Rs. No melatonin-mediated changes in the mRNA expression of ALP, BMP-6 or in the oxidative enzymes MtTFA, PGC-1α, Polγ, NRF-1, PDH, PDK and LDH occurred. These data show that a continuous 21-day melatonin exposure is required to induce osteoblast differentiation from hAMSCs through the formation of MT₂R/Gi/β-arrestin/MEK/ERK1/2 complexes to induce osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sethi
- Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
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34
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Man GCW, Wang WWJ, Yeung BHY, Lee SKM, Ng BKA, Hung WY, Wong JH, Ng TB, Qiu Y, Cheng JCY. Abnormal proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts from girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to melatonin. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:69-77. [PMID: 20524972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin deficiency has been postulated as an etiologic factors in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). In previous studies, melatonin was shown to regulate skeletal growth and bone formation in both humans and rats. Although it remains controversial whether there are differences in serum melatonin level between AIS and control subjects, melatonin signaling pathway dysfunction in osteoblasts has been reported in patients with AIS. Recently, our group found that melatonin receptor 1B (MT2) gene polymorphism was associated with the occurrence of AIS. Hence, the present study investigated the effect of melatonin on AIS osteoblasts. In vitro assays were performed with osteoblasts isolated from 17 severe AIS girls and nine control subjects. The osteoblasts were exposed to different concentrations of melatonin for 3 days. The effects of melatonin on cell proliferation (as evidenced by MTT assay) and differentiation (demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase activity) were determined. In the control group, melatonin significantly stimulated osteoblasts to proliferate and differentiate. However, in the AIS group, the stimulatory effects of melatonin were not discernible. Importantly, this finding demonstrated that there is a significant difference between AIS and control osteoblasts in functional response toward melatonin. Melatonin-stimulated proliferation of control osteoblasts was inhibited by the MT2 antagonist, 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetraline, as well as by luzindole, a nonselective melatonin receptor antagonist, suggesting that MT2 is associated with the proliferative action of melatonin. The lack of response in AIS osteoblasts might be because of dysfunction of the melatonin signaling pathway, which may contribute to the low bone mineral density and abnormal skeletal growth observed in patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Chi-Wai Man
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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35
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Calvo-Guirado JL, Gómez-Moreno G, López-Marí L, Guardia J, Marínez-González JM, Barone A, Tresguerres IF, Paredes SD, Fuentes-Breto L. Actions of melatonin mixed with collagenized porcine bone versus porcine bone only on osteointegration of dental implants. J Pineal Res 2010; 48:194-203. [PMID: 20443224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2009.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the topical application of melatonin mixed with collagenized porcine bone on the osteointegration on the rough discrete calcium deposit (DCD) surface implants in Beagle dogs 3 months after their insertion. In preparation for subsequent insertion of dental implants, lower molars were extracted from 12 Beagle dogs. Each mandible received two parallel wall expanded platform implants with a DCD surface of 4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length. The implants were randomly assigned to the distal sites on each mandible in the molar area and the gaps were filled with 5 mg lyophilized powdered melatonin and porcine bone and collagenized porcine bone alone. Ten histological sections per implant were obtained for histomorphometric studies. After a 4-wk treatment period, melatonin plus porcine bone significantly increased the perimeter of bone that was in direct contact with the treated implants (P < 0.0001), bone density (P < 0.0001), and new bone formation (P < 0.0001) in comparison with porcine bone alone around the implants. Melatonin plus collagenized porcine bone on DCD surface may act as a biomimetic agent in the placement of endo-osseous dental implants and enhance the osteointegration. Melatonin combined with porcine bone on DCD implants reveals more bone in implant contact at 12 wk (84.5 +/- 1.5%) compared with porcine bone alone treated area (67.17 +/- 1.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Calvo-Guirado
- Department of General and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gerardo Gómez-Moreno
- Department of Pharmacological Interactions in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura López-Marí
- Department of General and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Guardia
- Department of Pharmacological Interactions in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Barone
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Isabel F Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lorena Fuentes-Breto
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
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