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Bhat M, Nambiar A, Edakkandiyil L, Abraham IM, Sen R, Negi M, Manjithaya R. A genetically-encoded fluorescence-based reporter to spatiotemporally investigate mannose-6-phosphate pathway. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:mr6. [PMID: 38888935 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-09-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of a pool of active lysosomes with acidic pH and degradative hydrolases is crucial for cell health. Abnormalities in lysosomal function are closely linked to diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegeneration, intracellular infections, and cancer among others. Emerging body of research suggests the malfunction of lysosomal hydrolase trafficking pathway to be a common denominator of several disease pathologies. However, available conventional tools to assess lysosomal hydrolase trafficking are insufficient and fail to provide a comprehensive picture about the trafficking flux and location of lysosomal hydrolases. To address some of the shortcomings, we designed a genetically-encoded fluorescent reporter containing a lysosomal hydrolase tandemly tagged with pH sensitive and insensitive fluorescent proteins, which can spatiotemporally trace the trafficking of lysosomal hydrolases. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate that the reporter can detect perturbations in hydrolase trafficking, that are induced by pharmacological manipulations and pathophysiological conditions like intracellular protein aggregates. This reporter can effectively serve as a probe for mapping the mechanistic intricacies of hydrolase trafficking pathway in health and disease and is a utilitarian tool to identify genetic and pharmacological modulators of this pathway, with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Bhat
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Akshaya Nambiar
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | | | - Irine Maria Abraham
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Ritoprova Sen
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Mamta Negi
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
- Professor and chair, Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
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2
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Calcagni' A, Staiano L, Zampelli N, Minopoli N, Herz NJ, Di Tullio G, Huynh T, Monfregola J, Esposito A, Cirillo C, Bajic A, Zahabiyon M, Curnock R, Polishchuk E, Parkitny L, Medina DL, Pastore N, Cullen PJ, Parenti G, De Matteis MA, Grumati P, Ballabio A. Loss of the batten disease protein CLN3 leads to mis-trafficking of M6PR and defective autophagic-lysosomal reformation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3911. [PMID: 37400440 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Batten disease, one of the most devastating types of neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders, is caused by mutations in CLN3. Here, we show that CLN3 is a vesicular trafficking hub connecting the Golgi and lysosome compartments. Proteomic analysis reveals that CLN3 interacts with several endo-lysosomal trafficking proteins, including the cation-independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR), which coordinates the targeting of lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes. CLN3 depletion results in mis-trafficking of CI-M6PR, mis-sorting of lysosomal enzymes, and defective autophagic lysosomal reformation. Conversely, CLN3 overexpression promotes the formation of multiple lysosomal tubules, which are autophagy and CI-M6PR-dependent, generating newly formed proto-lysosomes. Together, our findings reveal that CLN3 functions as a link between the M6P-dependent trafficking of lysosomal enzymes and lysosomal reformation pathway, explaining the global impairment of lysosomal function in Batten disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Calcagni'
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Leopoldo Staiano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Minopoli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Niculin J Herz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Tuong Huynh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Alessandra Esposito
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- SSM School for Advanced Studies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Cirillo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Aleksandar Bajic
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mahla Zahabiyon
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Curnock
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Elena Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Luke Parkitny
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Pastore
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Grumati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- SSM School for Advanced Studies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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3
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Chen J, Soni RK, Xu Y, Simoes S, Liang FX, DeFreitas L, Hwang R, Montesinos J, Lee JH, Area-Gomez E, Nandakumar R, Vardarajan B, Marquer C. Juvenile CLN3 disease is a lysosomal cholesterol storage disorder: similarities with Niemann-Pick type C disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104628. [PMID: 37245481 PMCID: PMC10227369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is juvenile CLN3 disease (JNCL), a currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene. Based on our previous work and on the premise that CLN3 affects the trafficking of the cation-independent mannose-6 phosphate receptor and its ligand NPC2, we hypothesised that dysfunction of CLN3 leads to the aberrant accumulation of cholesterol in the late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/Lys) of JNCL patients' brains. METHODS An immunopurification strategy was used to isolate intact LE/Lys from frozen autopsy brain samples. LE/Lys isolated from samples of JNCL patients were compared with age-matched unaffected controls and Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease patients. Indeed, mutations in NPC1 or NPC2 result in the accumulation of cholesterol in LE/Lys of NPC disease samples, thus providing a positive control. The lipid and protein content of LE/Lys was then analysed using lipidomics and proteomics, respectively. FINDINGS Lipid and protein profiles of LE/Lys isolated from JNCL patients were profoundly altered compared to controls. Importantly, cholesterol accumulated in LE/Lys of JNCL samples to a comparable extent than in NPC samples. Lipid profiles of LE/Lys were similar in JNCL and NPC patients, except for levels of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP). Protein profiles detected in LE/Lys of JNCL and NPC patients appeared identical, except for levels of NPC1. INTERPRETATION Our results support that JNCL is a lysosomal cholesterol storage disorder. Our findings also support that JNCL and NPC disease share pathogenic pathways leading to aberrant lysosomal accumulation of lipids and proteins, and thus suggest that the treatments available for NPC disease may be beneficial to JNCL patients. This work opens new avenues for further mechanistic studies in model systems of JNCL and possible therapeutic interventions for this disorder. FUNDING San Francisco Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinda Chen
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sabrina Simoes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Microscopy Core Laboratory of Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Laura DeFreitas
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert Hwang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joseph H Lee
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; G. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; G. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catherine Marquer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA.
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4
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Relton EL, Roth NJ, Yasa S, Kaleem A, Hermey G, Minnis CJ, Mole SE, Shelkovnikova T, Lefrancois S, McCormick PJ, Locker N. The Batten disease protein CLN3 is important for stress granules dynamics and translational activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104649. [PMID: 36965618 PMCID: PMC10149212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of membrane-less organelles such as stress granules (SGs) is emerging as central in helping cells rapidly respond and adapt to stress. Following stress sensing, the resulting global translational shutoff leads to the condensation of stalled mRNAs and proteins into SGs. By reorganizing cytoplasmic contents, SGs can modulate RNA translation, biochemical reactions, and signaling cascades to promote survival until the stress is resolved. While mechanisms for SG disassembly are not widely understood, the resolution of SGs is important for maintaining cell viability and protein homeostasis. Mutations that lead to persistent or aberrant SGs are increasingly associated with neuropathology and a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in CLN3 are causative of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a rare neurodegenerative disease affecting children also known as Batten disease. CLN3 encodes a transmembrane lysosomal protein implicated in autophagy, endosomal trafficking, metabolism, and response to oxidative stress. Using a HeLa cell model lacking CLN3, we now show that CLN3KO is associated with an altered metabolic profile, reduced global translation, and altered stress signaling. Furthermore, loss of CLN3 function results in perturbations in SG dynamics, resulting in assembly and disassembly defects, and altered expression of the key SG nucleating factor G3BP1. With a growing interest in SG-modulating drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, novel insights into the molecular basis of CLN3 Batten disease may reveal avenues for disease-modifying treatments for this debilitating childhood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Relton
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas J Roth
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seda Yasa
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, Canada
| | - Abuzar Kaleem
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher J Minnis
- Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health and MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara E Mole
- Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health and MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatyana Shelkovnikova
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Peter J McCormick
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
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5
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Remtulla AAN, Huber RJ. The conserved cellular roles of CLN proteins: Novel insights from Dictyostelium discoideum. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151305. [PMID: 36917916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), collectively referred to as Batten disease, are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that primarily affect children. The etiology of Batten disease is linked to mutations in 13 genes that encode distinct CLN proteins, whose functions have yet to be fully elucidated. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has been adopted as an efficient and powerful model system for studying the diverse cellular roles of CLN proteins. The genome of D. discoideum encodes several homologs of human CLN proteins, and a growing body of literature supports the conserved roles and networking of CLN proteins in D. discoideum and humans. In humans, CLN proteins have diverse cellular roles related to autophagy, signal transduction, lipid homeostasis, lysosomal ion homeostasis, and intracellular trafficking. Recent work also indicates that CLN proteins play an important role in protein secretion. Remarkably, many of these findings have found parallels in studies with D. discoideum. Accordingly, this review will highlight the translatable value of novel work with D. discoideum in the field of NCL research and propose further avenues of research using this biomedical model organism for studying the NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A N Remtulla
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Huber
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
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6
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Wang Y, Cao X, Liu P, Zeng W, Peng R, Shi Q, Feng K, Zhang P, Sun H, Wang C, Wang H. KCTD7 mutations impair the trafficking of lysosomal enzymes through CLN5 accumulation to cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5578. [PMID: 35921411 PMCID: PMC9348797 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are central organelles for cellular degradation and energy metabolism. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of the most common neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders characterized by intracellular accumulation of ceroid in neurons. Mutations in KCTD7, a gene encoding an adaptor of the CUL3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL3) complex, are categorized as a unique NCL subtype. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report various lysosomal and autophagic defects in KCTD7-deficient cells. Mechanistically, the CRL3-KCTD7 complex degrades CLN5, whereas patient-derived KCTD7 mutations disrupt the interaction between KCTD7-CUL3 or KCTD7-CLN5 and ultimately lead to excessive accumulation of CLN5. The accumulated CLN5 disrupts the interaction between CLN6/8 and lysosomal enzymes at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), subsequently impairing ER-to-Golgi trafficking of lysosomal enzymes. Our findings reveal previously unrecognized roles of KCTD7-mediated CLN5 proteolysis in lysosomal homeostasis and demonstrate that KCTD7 and CLN5 are biochemically linked and function in a common neurodegenerative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Cao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zeng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingzhao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Sun
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenji Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Scotto Rosato A, Krogsaeter EK, Jaślan D, Abrahamian C, Montefusco S, Soldati C, Spix B, Pizzo MT, Grieco G, Böck J, Wyatt A, Wünkhaus D, Passon M, Stieglitz M, Keller M, Hermey G, Markmann S, Gruber-Schoffnegger D, Cotman S, Johannes L, Crusius D, Boehm U, Wahl-Schott C, Biel M, Bracher F, De Leonibus E, Polishchuk E, Medina DL, Paquet D, Grimm C. TPC2 rescues lysosomal storage in mucolipidosis type IV, Niemann-Pick type C1, and Batten disease. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15377. [PMID: 35929194 PMCID: PMC9449600 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are cell organelles that degrade macromolecules to recycle their components. If lysosomal degradative function is impaired, e.g., due to mutations in lysosomal enzymes or membrane proteins, lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) can develop. LSDs manifest often with neurodegenerative symptoms, typically starting in early childhood, and going along with a strongly reduced life expectancy and quality of life. We show here that small molecule activation of the Ca2+‐permeable endolysosomal two‐pore channel 2 (TPC2) results in an amelioration of cellular phenotypes associated with LSDs such as cholesterol or lipofuscin accumulation, or the formation of abnormal vacuoles seen by electron microscopy. Rescue effects by TPC2 activation, which promotes lysosomal exocytosis and autophagy, were assessed in mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), Niemann–Pick type C1, and Batten disease patient fibroblasts, and in neurons derived from newly generated isogenic human iPSC models for MLIV and Batten disease. For in vivo proof of concept, we tested TPC2 activation in the MLIV mouse model. In sum, our data suggest that TPC2 is a promising target for the treatment of different types of LSDs, both in vitro and in‐vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scotto Rosato
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Einar K Krogsaeter
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Dawid Jaślan
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Abrahamian
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Chiara Soldati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Spix
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia Böck
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Passon
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Stieglitz
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Keller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Institute of Molecular and Cellular Cognition, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Susan Cotman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Department, Institut Curie, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Dennis Crusius
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Diego L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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8
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Rechtzigel MJ, Meyerink BL, Leppert H, Johnson TB, Cain JT, Ferrandino G, May DG, Roux KJ, Brudvig JJ, Weimer JM. Transmembrane Batten Disease Proteins Interact With a Shared Network of Vesicle Sorting Proteins, Impacting Their Synaptic Enrichment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:834780. [PMID: 35692423 PMCID: PMC9174988 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.834780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Batten disease is unique among lysosomal storage disorders for the early and profound manifestation in the central nervous system, but little is known regarding potential neuron-specific roles for the disease-associated proteins. We demonstrate substantial overlap in the protein interactomes of three transmembrane Batten proteins (CLN3, CLN6, and CLN8), and that their absence leads to synaptic depletion of key partners (i.e., SNAREs and tethers) and altered synaptic SNARE complexing in vivo, demonstrating a novel shared etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon L. Meyerink
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Hannah Leppert
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Tyler B. Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Jacob T. Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Gavin Ferrandino
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Danielle G. May
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Kyle J. Roux
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Jon J. Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
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9
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Kim WD, Wilson-Smillie MLDM, Thanabalasingam A, Lefrancois S, Cotman SL, Huber RJ. Autophagy in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease). Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:812728. [PMID: 35252181 PMCID: PMC8888908 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.812728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also referred to as Batten disease, are a family of neurodegenerative diseases that affect all age groups and ethnicities around the globe. At least a dozen NCL subtypes have been identified that are each linked to a mutation in a distinct ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal (CLN) gene. Mutations in CLN genes cause the accumulation of autofluorescent lipoprotein aggregates, called ceroid lipofuscin, in neurons and other cell types outside the central nervous system. The mechanisms regulating the accumulation of this material are not entirely known. The CLN genes encode cytosolic, lysosomal, and integral membrane proteins that are associated with a variety of cellular processes, and accumulated evidence suggests they participate in shared or convergent biological pathways. Research across a variety of non-mammalian and mammalian model systems clearly supports an effect of CLN gene mutations on autophagy, suggesting that autophagy plays an essential role in the development and progression of the NCLs. In this review, we summarize research linking the autophagy pathway to the NCLs to guide future work that further elucidates the contribution of altered autophagy to NCL pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | | | - Aruban Thanabalasingam
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre D'Excellence en Recherche sur Les Maladies Orphelines–Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université Du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan L. Cotman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert J. Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Robert J. Huber,
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10
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Klein M, Kaleem A, Oetjen S, Wünkhaus D, Binkle L, Schilling S, Gjorgjieva M, Scholz R, Gruber-Schoffnegger D, Storch S, Kins S, Drewes G, Hoffmeister-Ullerich S, Kuhl D, Hermey G. Converging roles of PSENEN/PEN2 and CLN3 in the autophagy-lysosome system. Autophagy 2021; 18:2068-2085. [PMID: 34964690 PMCID: PMC9397472 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2016232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PSENEN/PEN2 is the smallest subunit of the γ-secretase complex, an intramembrane protease that cleaves proteins within their transmembrane domains. Mutations in components of the γ-secretase underlie familial Alzheimer disease. In addition to its proteolytic activity, supplementary, γ-secretase independent, functions in the macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome system have been proposed. Here, we screened for PSENEN-interacting proteins and identified CLN3. Mutations in CLN3 are causative for juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a rare lysosomal storage disorder considered the most common neurodegenerative disease in children. As mutations in the PSENEN and CLN3 genes cause different neurodegenerative diseases, understanding shared cellular functions of both proteins might be pertinent for understanding general cellular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that CLN3 modulates γ-secretase activity and that PSENEN and CLN3 play associated roles in the autophagy-lysosome system. We applied CRISPR gene-editing and obtained independent isogenic HeLa knockout cell lines for PSENEN and CLN3. Following previous studies, we demonstrate that PSENEN is essential for forming a functional γ-secretase complex and is indispensable for γ-secretase activity. In contrast, CLN3 does not modulate γ-secretase activity to a significant degree. We observed in PSENEN- and CLN3-knockout cells corresponding alterations in the autophagy-lysosome system. These include reduced activity of lysosomal enzymes and lysosome number, an increased number of autophagosomes, increased lysosome-autophagosome fusion, and elevated levels of TFEB (transcription factor EB). Our study strongly suggests converging roles of PSENEN and CLN3 in the autophagy-lysosome system in a γ-secretase activity-independent manner, supporting the idea of common cytopathological processes underlying different neurodegenerative diseases. Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid-beta; AD, Alzheimer disease; APP, amyloid precursor protein; ATP5MC, ATP synthase membrane subunit c; DQ-BSA, dye-quenched bovine serum albumin; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GFP, green fluorescent protein; ICC, immunocytochemistry; ICD, intracellular domain; JNCL, juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; KO, knockout; LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NCL, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses; PSEN, presenilin; PSENEN/PEN2: presenilin enhancer, gamma-secretase subunit; TAP, tandem affinity purification; TEV, tobacco etch virus; TF, transferrin; WB, Western blot; WT, wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klein
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abuzar Kaleem
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Oetjen
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Lars Binkle
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schilling
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Milena Gjorgjieva
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Scholz
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome, Functional Genomics Research and Development, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmeister-Ullerich
- Bioanalytics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), collectively known as Batten disease, are a group of neurological diseases that affect all ages and ethnicities worldwide. There are 13 different subtypes of NCL, each caused by a mutation in a distinct gene. The NCLs are characterized by the accumulation of undigestible lipids and proteins in various cell types. This leads to progressive neurodegeneration and clinical symptoms including vision loss, progressive motor and cognitive decline, seizures, and premature death. These diseases have commonly been characterized by lysosomal defects leading to the accumulation of undigestible material but further research on the NCLs suggests that altered protein secretion may also play an important role. This has been strengthened by recent work in biomedical model organisms, including Dictyostelium discoideum, mice, and sheep. Research in D. discoideum has reported the extracellular localization of some NCL-related proteins and the effects of NCL-related gene loss on protein secretion during unicellular growth and multicellular development. Aberrant protein secretion has also been observed in mammalian models of NCL, which has allowed examination of patient-derived cerebrospinal fluid and urine for potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Accumulated evidence links seven of the 13 known NCL-related genes to protein secretion, suggesting that altered secretion is a common hallmark of multiple NCL subtypes. This Review highlights the impact of altered protein secretion in the NCLs, identifies potential biomarkers of interest and suggests that future work in this area can provide new therapeutic insight. Summary: This Review discusses work in different model systems and humans, examining the impact of altered protein secretion in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses group of diseases to provide novel therapeutic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Life & Health Sciences Building, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
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12
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Gardner E, Mole SE. The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Heterogeneity in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses. Front Neurol 2021; 12:754045. [PMID: 34733232 PMCID: PMC8558747 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.754045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders that affect children and adults. They share some similar clinical features and the accumulation of autofluorescent storage material. Since the discovery of the first causative genes, more than 530 mutations have been identified across 13 genes in cases diagnosed with NCL. These genes encode a variety of proteins whose functions have not been fully defined; most are lysosomal enzymes, or transmembrane proteins of the lysosome or other organelles. Many mutations in these genes are associated with a typical NCL disease phenotype. However, increasing numbers of variant disease phenotypes are being described, affecting age of onset, severity or progression, and including some distinct clinical phenotypes. This data is collated by the NCL Mutation Database which allows analysis from many perspectives. This article will summarise and interpret current knowledge and understanding of their genetic basis and phenotypic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gardner
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Graceffa V. Clinical Development of Cell Therapies to Halt Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Results and Lessons Learned. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:191-213. [PMID: 34323185 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210728141924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although cross-correction was discovered more than 50 years ago, and held the promise of drastically improving disease management, still no cure exists for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Cell therapies hold the potential to halt disease progression: either a subset of autologous cells can be ex vivo/ in vivo transfected with the functional gene or allogenic wild type stem cells can be transplanted. However, majority of cell-based attempts have been ineffective, due to the difficulties in reversing neuronal symptomatology, in finding appropriate gene transfection approaches, in inducing immune tolerance, reducing the risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD) when allogenic cells are used and that of immune response when engineered viruses are administered, coupled with a limited secretion and uptake of some enzymes. In the last decade, due to advances in our understanding of lysosomal biology and mechanisms of cross-correction, coupled with progresses in gene therapy, ongoing pre-clinical and clinical investigations have remarkably increased. Even gene editing approaches are currently under clinical experimentation. This review proposes to critically discuss and compare trends and advances in cell-based and gene therapy for LSDs. Systemic gene delivery and transplantation of allogenic stem cells will be initially discussed, whereas proposed brain targeting methods will be then critically outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland
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14
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Cotman SL, Lefrancois S. CLN3, at the crossroads of endocytic trafficking. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136117. [PMID: 34274435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The CLN3 gene was identified over two decades ago, but the primary function of the CLN3 protein remains unknown. Recessive inheritance of loss of function mutations in CLN3 are responsible for juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease, or CLN3 disease), a fatal childhood onset neurodegenerative disease causing vision loss, seizures, progressive dementia, motor function loss and premature death. CLN3 is a multipass transmembrane protein that primarily localizes to endosomes and lysosomes. Defects in endocytosis, autophagy, and lysosomal function are common findings in CLN3-deficiency model systems. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these defects have not yet been fully elucidated. In this mini-review, we will summarize the current understanding of the CLN3 protein interaction network and discuss how this knowledge is starting to delineate the molecular pathogenesis of CLN3 disease. Accumulating evidence strongly points towards CLN3 playing a role in regulation of the cytoskeleton and cytoskeletal associated proteins to tether cellular membranes, regulation of membrane complexes such as channels/transporters, and modulating the function of small GTPases to effectively mediate vesicular movement and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Cotman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mass General Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, United States.
| | - Stéphane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal H2X 3Y7, Canada.
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15
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Best HL, Clare AJ, McDonald KO, Wicky HE, Hughes SM. An altered secretome is an early marker of the pathogenesis of CLN6 Batten disease. J Neurochem 2021; 157:764-780. [PMID: 33368303 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of inherited childhood neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to the accumulation of auto-fluorescent storage material in lysosomes, NCLs are largely characterised by region-specific neuroinflammation that can predict neuron loss. These phenotypes suggest alterations in the extracellular environment-making the secretome an area of significant interest. This study investigated the secretome in the CLN6 (ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 6) variant of NCL. To investigate the CLN6 secretome, we co-cultured neurons and glia isolated from Cln6nclf or Cln6± mice, and utilised mass spectrometry to compare protein constituents of conditioned media. The significant changes noted in cathepsin enzymes, were investigated further via western blotting and enzyme activity assays. Viral-mediated gene therapy was used to try and rescue the wild-type phenotype and restore the secretome-both in vitro in co-cultures and in vivo in mouse plasma. In Cln6nclf cells, proteomics revealed a marked increase in catabolic and cytoskeletal-associated proteins-revealing new similarities between the pathogenic signatures of NCLs with other neurodegenerative disorders. These changes were, in part, corrected by gene therapy intervention, suggesting these proteins as candidate in vitro biomarkers. Importantly, these in vitro changes show promise for in vivo translation, with Cathepsin L (CTSL) activity reduced in both co-cultures and Cln6nclf plasma samples post gene-therapy. This work suggests the secretome plays a role in CLN6 pathogenesis and highlights its potential use as an in vitro model. Proteomic changes present a list of candidate biomarkers for monitoring disease and assessing potential therapeutics in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Best
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alison J Clare
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kirstin O McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hollie E Wicky
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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16
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Endosomal Trafficking in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00262-20. [PMID: 32690545 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00262-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders of early life, Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of midlife, while Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of late life. While they are phenotypically distinct, recent studies suggest that they share a biological pathway, retromer-dependent endosomal trafficking. A retromer is a multimodular protein assembly critical for sorting and trafficking cargo out of the endosome. As a lysosomal storage disease, all 13 of NCL's causative genes affect endolysosomal function, and at least four have been directly linked to retromer. PD has several known causative genes, with one directly linked to retromer and others causing endolysosomal dysfunction. AD has over 25 causative genes/risk factors, with several of them linked to retromer or endosomal trafficking dysfunction. In this article, we summarize the emerging evidence on the association of genes causing NCL with retromer function and endosomal trafficking, review the recent evidence linking NCL genes to AD, and discuss how NCL, AD, and PD converge on a shared molecular pathway. We also discuss this pathway's role in microglia and neurons, cell populations which are critical to proper brain homeostasis and whose dysfunction plays a key role in neurodegeneration.
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17
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Zhong Y, Mohan K, Liu J, Al-Attar A, Lin P, Flight RM, Sun Q, Warmoes MO, Deshpande RR, Liu H, Jung KS, Mitov MI, Lin N, Butterfield DA, Lu S, Liu J, Moseley HNB, Fan TWM, Kleinman ME, Wang QJ. Loss of CLN3, the gene mutated in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, leads to metabolic impairment and autophagy induction in retinal pigment epithelium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165883. [PMID: 32592935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL, aka. juvenile Batten disease or CLN3 disease) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by progressive blindness, seizures, cognitive and motor failures, and premature death. JNCL is caused by mutations in the Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, Neuronal 3 (CLN3) gene, whose function is unclear. Although traditionally considered a neurodegenerative disease, CLN3 disease displays eye-specific effects: Vision loss not only is often one of the earliest symptoms of JNCL, but also has been reported in non-syndromic CLN3 disease. Here we described the roles of CLN3 protein in maintaining healthy retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and normal vision. Using electroretinogram, fundoscopy and microscopy, we showed impaired visual function, retinal autofluorescent lesions, and RPE disintegration and metaplasia/hyperplasia in a Cln3 ~ 1 kb-deletion mouse model [1] on C57BL/6J background. Utilizing a combination of biochemical analyses, RNA-Seq, Seahorse XF bioenergetic analysis, and Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM), we further demonstrated that loss of CLN3 increased autophagic flux, suppressed mTORC1 and Akt activities, enhanced AMPK activity, and up-regulated gene expression of the autophagy-lysosomal system in RPE-1 cells, suggesting autophagy induction. This CLN3 deficiency induced autophagy induction coincided with decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and ATP production. We also reported for the first time that loss of CLN3 led to glycogen accumulation despite of impaired glycogen synthesis. Our comprehensive analyses shed light on how loss of CLN3 affect autophagy and metabolism. This work suggests possible links among metabolic impairment, autophagy induction and lysosomal storage, as well as between RPE atrophy/degeneration and vision loss in JNCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kabhilan Mohan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Penghui Lin
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Robert M Flight
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Qiushi Sun
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marc O Warmoes
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rahul R Deshpande
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kyung Sik Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mihail I Mitov
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | | | - D Allan Butterfield
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Shuyan Lu
- Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jinze Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hunter N B Moseley
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Teresa W M Fan
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mark E Kleinman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Qing Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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18
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Yasa S, Modica G, Sauvageau E, Kaleem A, Hermey G, Lefrancois S. CLN3 regulates endosomal function by modulating Rab7A-effector interactions. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.234047. [PMID: 32034082 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CLN3 are a cause of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), also known as Batten disease. Clinical manifestations include cognitive regression, progressive loss of vision and motor function, epileptic seizures and a significantly reduced lifespan. CLN3 localizes to endosomes and lysosomes, and has been implicated in intracellular trafficking and autophagy. However, the precise molecular function of CLN3 remains to be elucidated. Previous studies showed an interaction between CLN3 and Rab7A, a small GTPase that regulates several functions at late endosomes. We confirmed this interaction in live cells and found that CLN3 is required for the efficient endosome-to-TGN trafficking of the lysosomal sorting receptors because it regulates the Rab7A interaction with retromer. In cells lacking CLN3 or expressing CLN3 harbouring a disease-causing mutation, the lysosomal sorting receptors were degraded. We also demonstrated that CLN3 is required for the Rab7A-PLEKHM1 interaction, which is required for fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes. Overall, our data provide a molecular explanation behind phenotypes observed in JNCL and give an indication of the pathogenic mechanism behind Batten disease.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Yasa
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Graziana Modica
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Etienne Sauvageau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Abuzar Kaleem
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Canada H7V 1B7 .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 0C7.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada H2X 3Y7
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19
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Mirza M, Vainshtein A, DiRonza A, Chandrachud U, Haslett LJ, Palmieri M, Storch S, Groh J, Dobzinski N, Napolitano G, Schmidtke C, Kerkovich DM. The CLN3 gene and protein: What we know. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e859. [PMID: 31568712 PMCID: PMC6900386 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most important steps taken by Beyond Batten Disease Foundation in our quest to cure juvenile Batten (CLN3) disease is to understand the State of the Science. We believe that a strong understanding of where we are in our experimental understanding of the CLN3 gene, its regulation, gene product, protein structure, tissue distribution, biomarker use, and pathological responses to its deficiency, lays the groundwork for determining therapeutic action plans. Objectives To present an unbiased comprehensive reference tool of the experimental understanding of the CLN3 gene and gene product of the same name. Methods BBDF compiled all of the available CLN3 gene and protein data from biological databases, repositories of federally and privately funded projects, patent and trademark offices, science and technology journals, industrial drug and pipeline reports as well as clinical trial reports and with painstaking precision, validated the information together with experts in Batten disease, lysosomal storage disease, lysosome/endosome biology. Results The finished product is an indexed review of the CLN3 gene and protein which is not limited in page size or number of references, references all available primary experiments, and does not draw conclusions for the reader. Conclusions Revisiting the experimental history of a target gene and its product ensures that inaccuracies and contradictions come to light, long‐held beliefs and assumptions continue to be challenged, and information that was previously deemed inconsequential gets a second look. Compiling the information into one manuscript with all appropriate primary references provides quick clues to which studies have been completed under which conditions and what information has been reported. This compendium does not seek to replace original articles or subtopic reviews but provides an historical roadmap to completed works.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alberto DiRonza
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Uma Chandrachud
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michela Palmieri
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephan Storch
- Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janos Groh
- Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Niv Dobzinski
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Carolin Schmidtke
- Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Appu AP, Bagh MB, Sadhukhan T, Mondal A, Casey S, Mukherjee AB. Cln3-mutations underlying juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis cause significantly reduced levels of Palmitoyl-protein thioesterases-1 (Ppt1)-protein and Ppt1-enzyme activity in the lysosome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:944-954. [PMID: 31025705 PMCID: PMC6739123 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in at least 13 different genes (called CLNs) underlie various forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a group of the most common neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases. While inactivating mutations in the CLN1 gene, encoding palmitoyl-protein thioesterases-1 (PPT1), cause infantile NCL (INCL), those in the CLN3 gene, encoding a protein of unknown function, underlie juvenile NCL (JNCL). PPT1 depalmitoylates S-palmitoylated proteins (constituents of ceroid) required for their degradation by lysosomal hydrolases and PPT1-deficiency causes lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid leading to INCL. Because intracellular accumulation of ceroid is a characteristic of all NCLs, a common pathogenic link for these diseases has been suggested. It has been reported that CLN3-mutations suppress the exit of cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) from the trans Golgi network (TGN). Because CI-M6PR transports soluble proteins such as PPT1 from the TGN to the lysosome, we hypothesized that CLN3-mutations may cause lysosomal PPT1-insufficiency contributing to JNCL pathogenesis. Here, we report that the lysosomes in Cln3-mutant mice, which mimic JNCL, and those in cultured cells from JNCL patients, contain significantly reduced levels of Ppt1-protein and Ppt1-enzyme activity and progressively accumulate autofluorescent ceroid. Furthermore, in JNCL fibroblasts the V0a1 subunit of v-ATPase, which regulates lysosomal acidification, is mislocalized to the plasma membrane instead of its normal location on lysosomal membrane. This defect dysregulates lysosomal acidification, as we previously reported in Cln1 -/- mice, which mimic INCL. Our findings uncover a previously unrecognized role of CLN3 in lysosomal homeostasis and suggest that CLN3-mutations causing lysosomal Ppt1-insuffiiciency may at least in part contribute to JNCL pathogenesis.
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21
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Schmidtke C, Tiede S, Thelen M, Käkelä R, Jabs S, Makrypidi G, Sylvester M, Schweizer M, Braren I, Brocke-Ahmadinejad N, Cotman SL, Schulz A, Gieselmann V, Braulke T. Lysosomal proteome analysis reveals that CLN3-defective cells have multiple enzyme deficiencies associated with changes in intracellular trafficking. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9592-9604. [PMID: 31040178 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous lysosomal enzymes and membrane proteins are essential for the degradation of proteins, lipids, oligosaccharides, and nucleic acids. The CLN3 gene encodes a lysosomal membrane protein of unknown function, and CLN3 mutations cause the fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder CLN3 (Batten disease) by mechanisms that are poorly understood. To define components critical for lysosomal homeostasis that are affected by this disease, here we quantified the lysosomal proteome in cerebellar cell lines derived from a CLN3 knock-in mouse model of human Batten disease and control cells. We purified lysosomes from SILAC-labeled, and magnetite-loaded cerebellar cells by magnetic separation and analyzed them by MS. This analysis identified 70 proteins assigned to the lysosomal compartment and 3 lysosomal cargo receptors, of which most exhibited a significant differential abundance between control and CLN3-defective cells. Among these, 28 soluble lysosomal proteins catalyzing the degradation of various macromolecules had reduced levels in CLN3-defective cells. We confirmed these results by immunoblotting and selected protease and glycosidase activities. The reduction of 11 lipid-degrading lysosomal enzymes correlated with reduced capacity for lipid droplet degradation and several alterations in the distribution and composition of membrane lipids. In particular, levels of lactosylceramides and glycosphingolipids were decreased in CLN3-defective cells, which were also impaired in the recycling pathway of the exocytic transferrin receptor. Our findings suggest that CLN3 has a crucial role in regulating lysosome composition and their function, particularly in degrading of sphingolipids, and, as a consequence, in membrane transport along the recycling endosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schmidtke
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany 20246
| | - Stephan Tiede
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany 20246
| | - Melanie Thelen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany D-53115
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 00014
| | - Sabrina Jabs
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany 13125
| | - Georgia Makrypidi
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany 20246
| | - Marc Sylvester
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany D-53115
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- the Department of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany 20251
| | - Ingke Braren
- Vector Core Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany 20251
| | | | - Susan L Cotman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Angela Schulz
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany 20246
| | - Volkmar Gieselmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany D-53115
| | - Thomas Braulke
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany 20246,
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22
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Huber RJ, Mathavarajah S. Comparative transcriptomics reveals mechanisms underlying cln3-deficiency phenotypes in Dictyostelium. Cell Signal 2019; 58:79-90. [PMID: 30771446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in CLN3 cause a juvenile form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). This devastating neurological disorder, commonly known as Batten disease, is currently untreatable due to a lack of understanding of the physiological role of the protein. Recently, work in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has provided valuable new insight into the function of CLN3 in the cell. More specifically, research has linked the Dictyostelium homolog (gene: cln3, protein: Cln3) to protein secretion, adhesion, and aggregation during starvation, which initiates multicellular development. In this study, we used comparative transcriptomics to explore the mechanisms underlying the aberrant response of cln3- cells to starvation. During starvation, 1153 genes were differentially expressed in cln3- cells compared to WT. Among the differentially expressed genes were homologs of other human NCL genes including TPP1/CLN2, CLN5, CTSD/CLN10, PGRN/CLN11, and CTSF/CLN13. STRING and GO term analyses revealed an enrichment of genes linked to metabolic, biosynthetic, and catalytic processes. We then coupled the findings from the RNA-seq analysis to biochemical assays, specifically showing that loss of cln3 affects the expression and activity of lysosomal enzymes, increases endo-lysosomal pH, and alters nitric oxide homeostasis. Finally, we show that cln3- cells accumulate autofluorescent storage bodies during starvation and provide evidence linking the function of Cln3 to Tpp1 and CtsD activity. In total, this study enhances our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying Cln3 function in Dictyostelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Mukherjee AB, Appu AP, Sadhukhan T, Casey S, Mondal A, Zhang Z, Bagh MB. Emerging new roles of the lysosome and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:4. [PMID: 30651094 PMCID: PMC6335712 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs), commonly known as Batten disease, constitute a group of the most prevalent neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Mutations in at least 13 different genes (called CLNs) cause various forms of NCLs. Clinically, the NCLs manifest early impairment of vision, progressive decline in cognitive and motor functions, seizures and a shortened lifespan. At the cellular level, all NCLs show intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent material (called ceroid) and progressive neuron loss. Despite intense studies the normal physiological functions of each of the CLN genes remain poorly understood. Consequently, the development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies remains challenging. Endolysosomal dysfunction contributes to pathogenesis of virtually all LSDs. Studies within the past decade have drastically changed the notion that the lysosomes are merely the terminal degradative organelles. The emerging new roles of the lysosome include its central role in nutrient-dependent signal transduction regulating metabolism and cellular proliferation or quiescence. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways, lysosomal acidification and endosome-lysosome and autophagosome-lysosome fusions. We emphasize the importance of these processes as their dysregulation leads to pathogenesis of many LSDs including the NCLs. We also describe what is currently known about each of the 13 CLN genes and their products and how understanding the emerging new roles of the lysosome may clarify the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the NCLs. Finally, we discuss the current and emerging therapeutic strategies for various NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B. Mukherjee
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Abhilash P. Appu
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Tamal Sadhukhan
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Sydney Casey
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Avisek Mondal
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
- Present address: Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan China
| | - Maria B. Bagh
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
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24
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Xu Y, Wang H, Zeng Y, Tian Y, Shen Z, Xie Z, Chen F, Sun L, Shu R, Li PP, Chen C, Yu J, Wang K, Luo H. Overexpression of CLN3 contributes to tumour progression and predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Oncol 2018; 28:180-189. [PMID: 30851897 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of ceroid-lipofuscinosis 3 (CLN3) has been reported in a variety of human malignancies. However, the role of CLN3 in the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that CLN3 was frequently upregulated in HCC clinical samples and HCC-derived cell lines and was significantly correlated with an APF serum level ≥20 μg/L, a tumour size ≥5 cm, multiple tumours, and the absence of encapsulation. Kaplan-Meier showed that CLN3 upregulation predicted shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) time in HCC patients. Cox regression analysis revealed that CLN3 upregulation was an independent risk factor for RFS and OS. A functional study demonstrated that the knockdown of CLN3 expression profoundly suppressed the growth and metastasis of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway was essential for mediating CLN3 function. In conclusion, our results provide the first evidence that CLN3 contributes to tumour progression and metastasis and offer a potential prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Yujian Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Zongwen Shen
- Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Zhenrong Xie
- Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Fengrong Chen
- Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Ruo Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Peng Peng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Juehua Yu
- Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China.
| | - Kunhua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China.
| | - Huayou Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China.
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25
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Qureshi YH, Patel VM, Berman DE, Kothiya MJ, Neufeld JL, Vardarajan B, Tang M, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Lantigua R, Medrano M, Jiménez-Velázquez IJ, Small SA, Reitz C. An Alzheimer's Disease-Linked Loss-of-Function CLN5 Variant Impairs Cathepsin D Maturation, Consistent with a Retromer Trafficking Defect. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:e00011-18. [PMID: 30037983 PMCID: PMC6168984 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00011-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a whole-exome sequencing study of multiplex Alzheimer's disease (AD) families, we investigated three neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes that have been linked to retromer, an intracellular trafficking pathway associated with AD: ceroid lipofuscinosis 3 (CLN3), ceroid lipofuscinosis 5 (CLN5), and cathepsin D (CTSD). We identified a missense variant in CLN5 c.A959G (p.Asn320Ser) that segregated with AD. We find that this variant causes glycosylation defects in the expressed protein, which causes it to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum with reduced delivery to the endolysosomal compartment, CLN5's normal cellular location. The AD-associated CLN5 variant is shown here to reduce the normal processing of cathepsin D and to decrease levels of full-length amyloid precursor protein (APP), suggestive of a defect in retromer-dependent trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir H Qureshi
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vivek M Patel
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diego E Berman
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Milankumar J Kothiya
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica L Neufeld
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Min Tang
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rafael Lantigua
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin Medrano
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra, Santiago, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Scott A Small
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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26
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Cheng R, Tang M, Martinez I, Ayodele T, Baez P, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Lantigua R, Medrano M, Jimenez-Velazquez I, Lee JH, Beecham GW, Reitz C. Linkage analysis of multiplex Caribbean Hispanic families loaded for unexplained early-onset cases identifies novel Alzheimer's disease loci. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2018; 10:554-562. [PMID: 30406174 PMCID: PMC6215058 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Less than 10% of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is explained by known mutations. Methods We conducted genetic linkage analysis of 68 well-phenotyped Caribbean Hispanic families without clear inheritance patterns or mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 and with two or more individuals with EOAD. Results We identified 16 (logarithm of odds > 3.6) linked regions, including eight novel loci for EOAD (2p15, 5q14.1, 11p15.1, 13q21.22, 13q33.1, 16p12.1, 20p12.1, and 20q11.21) and eight regions previously associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The strongest signal was observed at 16p12.1 (25 cM, 33 Mb; heterogeneity logarithm of odds = 5.3), ∼3 Mb upstream of the ceroid lipofuscinosis 3 (CLN3) gene associated with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), which functions in retromer trafficking and has been reported to alter intracellular processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Discussion This study supports the notion that the genetic architectures of unexplained EOAD and late-onset AD overlap partially, but not fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cheng
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Tang
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Izri Martinez
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Temitope Ayodele
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Penelope Baez
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafael Lantigua
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Medrano
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra, Santiago, Dominican Republic
| | - Ivonne Jimenez-Velazquez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Joseph H Lee
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Schultz ML, Tecedor L, Lysenko E, Ramachandran S, Stein CS, Davidson BL. Modulating membrane fluidity corrects Batten disease phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 115:182-193. [PMID: 29660499 PMCID: PMC5969532 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a class of inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of autofluorescent storage material. The most common neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis has juvenile onset with rapid onset blindness and progressive degeneration of cognitive processes. The juvenile form is caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene, which encodes the protein CLN3. While mouse models of Cln3 deficiency show mild disease phenotypes, it is apparent from patient tissue- and cell-based studies that its loss impacts many cellular processes. Using Cln3 deficient mice, we previously described defects in mouse brain endothelial cells and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Here we expand on this to other components of the BBB and show that Cln3 deficient mice have increased astrocyte endfeet area. Interestingly, this phenotype is corrected by treatment with a commonly used GAP junction inhibitor, carbenoxolone (CBX). In addition to its action on GAP junctions, CBX has also been proposed to alter lipid microdomains. In this work, we show that CBX modifies lipid microdomains and corrects membrane fluidity alterations in Cln3 deficient endothelial cells, which in turn improves defects in endocytosis, caveolin-1 distribution at the plasma membrane, and Cdc42 activity. In further work using the NIH Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS), we discovered other small molecules whose impact was similar to CBX in that they improved Cln3-deficient cell phenotypes. Moreover, Cln3 deficient mice treated orally with CBX exhibited recovery of impaired BBB responses and reduced auto-fluorescence. CBX and the compounds identified by LINCS, many of which have been used in humans or approved for other indications, may find therapeutic benefit in children suffering from CLN3 deficiency through mechanisms independent of their original intended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Schultz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Luis Tecedor
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Elena Lysenko
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Shyam Ramachandran
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Colleen S Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Beverly L Davidson
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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28
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Studniarczyk D, Needham EL, Mitchison HM, Farrant M, Cull-Candy SG. Altered Cerebellar Short-Term Plasticity but No Change in Postsynaptic AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors in a Mouse Model of Juvenile Batten Disease. eNeuro 2018; 5:ENEURO.0387-17.2018. [PMID: 29780879 PMCID: PMC5956745 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0387-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile Batten disease is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder of childhood. It is associated with mutations in the CLN3 gene, causing loss of function of CLN3 protein and degeneration of cerebellar and retinal neurons. It has been proposed that changes in granule cell AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) contribute to the cerebellar dysfunction. In this study, we compared AMPAR properties and synaptic transmission in cerebellar granule cells from wild-type and Cln3 knock-out mice. In Cln3Δex1-6 cells, the amplitude of AMPA-evoked whole-cell currents was unchanged. Similarly, we found no change in the amplitude, kinetics, or rectification of synaptic currents evoked by individual quanta, or in their underlying single-channel conductance. We found no change in cerebellar expression of GluA2 or GluA4 protein. By contrast, we observed a reduced number of quantal events following mossy-fiber stimulation in Sr2+, altered short-term plasticity in conditions of reduced extracellular Ca2+, and reduced mossy fiber vesicle number. Thus, while our results suggest early presynaptic changes in the Cln3Δex1-6 mouse model of juvenile Batten disease, they reveal no evidence for altered postsynaptic AMPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Studniarczyk
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth L. Needham
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Mitchison
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Farrant
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart G. Cull-Candy
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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29
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Lack of specificity of antibodies raised against CLN3, the lysosomal/endosomal transmembrane protein mutated in juvenile Batten disease. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171229. [PMID: 29089465 PMCID: PMC5700270 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile CLN3 (Batten) disease, a fatal, childhood neurodegenerative disorder, results from mutations in the CLN3 gene encoding a lysosomal/endosomal transmembrane protein. The exact physiological function of CLN3 is still unknown and it is unclear how CLN3 mutations lead to selective neurodegeneration. To study the tissue expression and subcellular localization of the CLN3 protein, a number of anti-CLN3 antibodies have been generated using either the whole CLN3 protein or short peptides from CLN3 for immunization. The specificity of these antibodies, however, has never been tested properly. Using immunoblot experiments, we show that commercially available or researcher-generated anti-CLN3 antibodies lack specificity: they detect the same protein bands in wild-type (WT) and Cln3−/− mouse brain and kidney extracts prepared with different detergents, in membrane proteins isolated from the cerebellum, cerebral hemisphere and kidney of WT and Cln3−/− mice, in cell extracts of WT and Cln3−/− mouse embryonic fibroblast cultures, and in lysates of BHK cells lacking or overexpressing human CLN3. Protein BLAST searches with sequences from peptides used to generate anti-CLN3 antibodies identified short motifs present in a number of different mouse and human proteins, providing a plausible explanation for the lack of specificity of anti-CLN3 antibodies. Our data provide evidence that immunization against a transmembrane protein with low to medium expression level does not necessarily generate specific antibodies. Because of the possible cross-reactivity to other proteins, the specificity of an antibody should always be checked using tissue samples from an appropriate knock-out animal or using knock-out cells.
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30
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Ku CA, Hull S, Arno G, Vincent A, Carss K, Kayton R, Weeks D, Anderson GW, Geraets R, Parker C, Pearce DA, Michaelides M, MacLaren RE, Robson AG, Holder GE, Heon E, Raymond FL, Moore AT, Webster AR, Pennesi ME. Detailed Clinical Phenotype and Molecular Genetic Findings in CLN3-Associated Isolated Retinal Degeneration. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017; 135:749-760. [PMID: 28542676 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Mutations in genes traditionally associated with syndromic retinal disease are increasingly found to cause nonsyndromic inherited retinal degenerations. Mutations in CLN3 are classically associated with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a rare neurodegenerative disease with early retinal degeneration and progressive neurologic deterioration, but have recently also been identified in patients with nonsyndromic inherited retinal degenerations. To our knowledge, detailed clinical characterization of such cases has yet to be reported. Objective To provide detailed clinical, electrophysiologic, structural, and molecular genetic findings in nonsyndromic inherited retinal degenerations associated with CLN3 mutations. Design, Setting, and Participants A multi-institutional case series of 10 patients who presented with isolated nonsyndromic retinal disease and mutations in CLN3. Patient ages ranged from 16 to 70 years; duration of follow-up ranged from 3 to 29 years. Main Outcomes and Measures Longitudinal clinical evaluation, including full ophthalmic examination, multimodal retinal imaging, perimetry, and electrophysiology. Molecular analyses were performed using whole-genome sequencing or whole-exome sequencing. Electron microscopy studies of peripheral lymphocytes and CLN3 transcript analysis with polymerase chain reaction amplification were performed in a subset of patients. Results There were 7 females and 3 males in this case series, with a mean (range) age at last review of 37.1 (16-70) years. Of the 10 patients, 4 had a progressive late-onset rod-cone dystrophy, with a mean (range) age at onset of 29.7 (20-40) years, and 6 had an earlier onset rod-cone dystrophy, with a mean (range) age at onset of 12.1 (7-17) years. Ophthalmoscopic examination features included macular edema, mild intraretinal pigment migration, and widespread atrophy in advanced disease. Optical coherence tomography imaging demonstrated significant photoreceptor loss except in patients with late-onset disease who had a focal preservation of the ellipsoid zone and outer nuclear layer in the fovea. Electroretinography revealed a rod-cone pattern of dysfunction in 6 patients and were completely undetectable in 2 patients. Six novel CLN3 variants were identified in molecular analyses. Conclusions and Relevance This report describes detailed clinical, imaging, and genetic features of CLN3-associated nonsyndromic retinal degeneration. The age at onset and natural progression of retinal disease differs greatly between syndromic and nonsyndromic CLN3 disease, which may be associated with genotypic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristy A Ku
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Sarah Hull
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England3Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England
| | - Gavin Arno
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England3Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keren Carss
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant Centre, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England6National Institute for Health Research BioResource: Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, England
| | - Robert Kayton
- Pathology Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Douglas Weeks
- Pathology Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Glenn W Anderson
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, England
| | - Ryan Geraets
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Camille Parker
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - David A Pearce
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota10Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls
| | - Michel Michaelides
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England3Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England11Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England12Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, England
| | - Anthony G Robson
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England3Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England
| | - Graham E Holder
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England3Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England
| | - Elise Heon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant Centre, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England6National Institute for Health Research BioResource: Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, England13Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Anthony T Moore
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England3Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England14Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco Medical School, San Francisco
| | - Andrew R Webster
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England3Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
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31
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Wang Y, MacDonald RG, Thinakaran G, Kar S. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II/Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:2636-2658. [PMID: 26993302 PMCID: PMC5901910 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor is a multifunctional single transmembrane glycoprotein. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the structure, ligand-binding properties, and trafficking of the IGF-II/M6P receptor. This receptor has been implicated in a variety of important cellular processes including growth and development, clearance of IGF-II, proteolytic activation of enzymes, and growth factor precursors, in addition to its well-known role in the delivery of lysosomal enzymes. The IGF-II/M6P receptor, distributed widely in the central nervous system, has additional roles in mediating neurotransmitter release and memory enhancement/consolidation, possibly through activating IGF-II-related intracellular signaling pathways. Recent studies suggest that overexpression of the IGF-II/M6P receptor may have an important role in regulating the levels of transcripts and proteins involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the prevalent cause of dementia affecting the elderly population in our society. It is reported that IGF-II/M6P receptor overexpression can increase the levels/processing of amyloid precursor protein leading to the generation of β-amyloid peptide, which is associated with degeneration of neurons and subsequent development of AD pathology. Given the significance of the receptor in mediating the transport and functioning of the lysosomal enzymes, it is being considered for therapeutic delivery of enzymes to the lysosomes to treat lysosomal storage disorders. Notwithstanding these results, additional studies are required to validate and fully characterize the function of the IGF-II/M6P receptor in the normal brain and its involvement in various neurodegenerative disorders including AD. It is also critical to understand the interaction between the IGF-II/M6P receptor and lysosomal enzymes in neurodegenerative processes, which may shed some light on developing approaches to detect and prevent neurodegeneration through the dysfunction of the receptor and the endosomal-lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R G MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - G Thinakaran
- Departments of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - S Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.
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32
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Vergés M. Retromer in Polarized Protein Transport. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 323:129-79. [PMID: 26944621 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retromer is an evolutionary conserved protein complex required for endosome-to-Golgi retrieval of receptors for lysosomal hydrolases. It is constituted by a heterotrimer encoded by the vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) gene products Vps26, Vps35, and Vps29, which selects cargo, and a dimer of phosphoinositide-binding sorting nexins, which deforms the membrane. Recent progress in the mechanism of retromer assembly and functioning has strengthened the link between sorting at the endosome and cytoskeleton dynamics. Retromer is implicated in endosomal sorting of many cargos and plays an essential role in plant and animal development. Although it is best known for endosome sorting to the trans-Golgi network, it also intervenes in recycling to the plasma membrane. In polarized cells, such as epithelial cells and neurons, retromer may also be utilized for transcytosis and long-range transport. Considerable evidence implicates retromer in establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. That includes sorting of the apical polarity module Crumbs; regulation of retromer function by the basolateral polarity module Scribble; and retromer-dependent recycling of various cargoes to a certain surface domain, thus controlling polarized location and cell homeostasis. Importantly, altered retromer function has been linked to neurodegeneration, such as in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. This review will underline how alterations in retromer localization and function may affect polarized protein transport and polarity establishment, thereby causing developmental defects and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Vergés
- Cardiovascular Genetics Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Medical Sciences Department, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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33
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Wavre-Shapton ST, Calvi AA, Turmaine M, Seabra MC, Cutler DF, Futter CE, Mitchison HM. Photoreceptor phagosome processing defects and disturbed autophagy in retinal pigment epithelium of Cln3Δex1-6 mice modelling juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease). Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:7060-74. [PMID: 26450516 PMCID: PMC4654058 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration and visual impairment are the first signs of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis caused by CLN3 mutations, followed by inevitable progression to blindness. We investigated retinal degeneration in Cln3(Δex1-6) null mice, revealing classic 'fingerprint' lysosomal storage in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), replicating the human disease. The lysosomes contain mitochondrial F0-ATP synthase subunit c along with undigested membranes, indicating a reduced degradative capacity. Mature autophagosomes and basal phagolysosomes, the terminal degradative compartments of autophagy and phagocytosis, are also increased in Cln3(Δex1) (-6) RPE, reflecting disruption to these key pathways that underpin the daily phagocytic turnover of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) required for maintenance of vision. The accumulated autophagosomes have post-lysosome fusion morphology, with undigested internal contents visible, while accumulated phagosomes are frequently docked to cathepsin D-positive lysosomes, without mixing of phagosomal and lysosomal contents. This suggests lysosome-processing defects affect both autophagy and phagocytosis, supported by evidence that phagosomes induced in Cln3(Δex1) (-) (6)-derived mouse embryonic fibroblasts have visibly disorganized membranes, unprocessed internal vesicles and membrane contents, in addition to reduced LAMP1 membrane recruitment. We propose that defective lysosomes in Cln3(Δex1) (-) (6) RPE have a reduced degradative capacity that impairs the final steps of the intimately connected autophagic and phagocytic pathways that are responsible for degradation of POS. A build-up of degradative organellar by-products and decreased recycling of cellular materials is likely to disrupt processes vital to maintenance of vision by the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silène T Wavre-Shapton
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK, Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alessandra A Calvi
- Nuclear Dynamics and Architecture, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Division of Biosciences and
| | - Miguel C Seabra
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Daniel F Cutler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK and MRC Cell Biology Unit, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, London, UK
| | - Clare E Futter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK,
| | - Hannah M Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme and Birth Defects Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK,
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34
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Bond ME, Brown R, Rallis C, Bähler J, Mole SE. A central role for TOR signalling in a yeast model for juvenile CLN3 disease. MICROBIAL CELL 2015; 2:466-480. [PMID: 28357272 PMCID: PMC5354605 DOI: 10.15698/mic2015.12.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Yeasts provide an excellent genetically tractable eukaryotic system for investigating the function of genes in their biological context, and are especially relevant for those conserved genes that cause disease. We study the role of btn1, the orthologue of a human gene that underlies an early onset neurodegenerative disease (juvenile CLN3 disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCLs) or Batten disease) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A global screen for genetic interactions with btn1 highlighted a conserved key signalling hub in which multiple components functionally relate to this conserved disease gene. This signalling hub includes two major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, and centers on the Tor kinase complexes TORC1 and TORC2. We confirmed that yeast cells modelling CLN3 disease exhibit features consistent with dysfunction in the TORC pathways, and showed that modulating TORC function leads to a comprehensive rescue of defects in this yeast disease model. The same pathways may be novel targets in the development of therapies for the NCLs and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Bond
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rachel Brown
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charalampos Rallis
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jürg Bähler
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK. ; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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35
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Kovács AD, Hof C, Pearce DA. Abnormally increased surface expression of AMPA receptors in the cerebellum, cortex and striatum of Cln3(-/-) mice. Neurosci Lett 2015; 607:29-34. [PMID: 26375929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the CLN3 gene cause a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, juvenile CLN3 disease. Exploring the cause of the motor coordination deficit in the Cln3(-/-) mouse model of the disease we have previously found that attenuation of AMPA receptor activity in 1-month-old Cln3(-/-) mice significantly improves their motor coordination [20]. To elucidate the mechanism of the abnormally increased AMPA receptor function in Cln3(-/-) mice, we examined the surface expression of AMPA receptors using surface cross-linking in brain slices from 1-month-old wild type (WT) and Cln3(-/-) mice. In surface cross-linked brain samples, Western blotting for AMPA receptor subunits revealed significantly increased surface levels of GluA1 and GluA2 in the cerebellum, and of GluA2 in the cortex and striatum of Cln3(-/-) mice as compared to WT mice. Expression levels of the GluA4 subunit were similar in the cerebellum of WT and Cln3(-/-) mice. While intracellular GluA1 levels in the WT and Cln3(-/-) cerebellum or cortex were similar, the intracellular expression of GluA1 in the Cln3(-/-) striatum was decreased to 56% of the WT level. Our results show a prominent increase in AMPA receptor surface expression in the brain of Cln3(-/-) mice and suggest that CLN3 is involved in the regulation of AMPA receptor surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila D Kovács
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Caitlin Hof
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - David A Pearce
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
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36
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Mao D, Che J, Han S, Zhao H, Zhu Y, Zhu H. RNAi-mediated knockdown of the CLN3 gene inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6635-41. [PMID: 26299671 PMCID: PMC4626189 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CLN3 is a recently identified anti-apoptotic gene, which has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in a diverse range of cancer cell lines, including ovarian cancer. In the present study, RNA interference, mediated by a lentivirus expressing CLN3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was utilized to knockdown the expression of CLN3 in the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line, and its cisplatin-resistant and carboplatin-resistant sublines, A2780/DDP and A2780/CBP cells. It was revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CLN3 were significantly reduced in the CLN3-specific shRNA-transduced cells, compared with the untransduced and control shRNA-transduced cells. In addition, specific knockdown of CLN3 in these cells inhibited cell proliferation and led to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, with eventual apoptosis. CLN3 knockdown caused increases in the levels of Bax, FAX, cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 8 and cleaved-RARP, but decreased the level of Bcl-2. Finally, it was observed that CLN3 depletion markedly reduced the half maximum inhibitory concentration in the A2780/DDP and A2780/CBP cells. Taken together, these data suggested that CLN3 is involved in tumorigenesis and drug resistance in ovarian cancer, and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Mao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Che
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150037, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Han
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Honghui Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Cell biology of the NCL proteins: What they do and don't do. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2242-55. [PMID: 25962910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fatal, primarily childhood neurodegenerative disorders, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), are currently associated with mutations in 13 genes. The protein products of these genes (CLN1 to CLN14) differ in their function and their intracellular localization. NCL-associated proteins have been localized mostly in lysosomes (CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5, CLN7, CLN10, CLN12 and CLN13) but also in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (CLN6 and CLN8), or in the cytosol associated to vesicular membranes (CLN4 and CLN14). Some of them such as CLN1 (palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1), CLN2 (tripeptidyl-peptidase 1), CLN5, CLN10 (cathepsin D), and CLN13 (cathepsin F), are lysosomal soluble proteins; others like CLN3, CLN7, and CLN12, have been proposed to be lysosomal transmembrane proteins. In this review, we give our views and attempt to summarize the proposed and confirmed functions of each NCL protein and describe and discuss research results published since the last review on NCL proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Current Research on the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)".
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Chandrachud U, Walker MW, Simas AM, Heetveld S, Petcherski A, Klein M, Oh H, Wolf P, Zhao WN, Norton S, Haggarty SJ, Lloyd-Evans E, Cotman SL. Unbiased Cell-based Screening in a Neuronal Cell Model of Batten Disease Highlights an Interaction between Ca2+ Homeostasis, Autophagy, and CLN3 Protein Function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14361-80. [PMID: 25878248 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of undigested macromolecules, often disease-specific, is a major feature of lysosomal and neurodegenerative disease and is frequently attributed to defective autophagy. The mechanistic underpinnings of the autophagy defects are the subject of intense research, which is aided by genetic disease models. To gain an improved understanding of the pathways regulating defective autophagy specifically in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL or Batten disease), a neurodegenerative disease of childhood, we developed and piloted a GFP-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (GFP-LC3) screening assay to identify, in an unbiased fashion, genotype-sensitive small molecule autophagy modifiers, employing a JNCL neuronal cell model bearing the most common disease mutation in CLN3. Thapsigargin, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) Ca(2+) pump inhibitor, reproducibly displayed significantly more activity in the mouse JNCL cells, an effect that was also observed in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived JNCL neural progenitor cells. The mechanism of thapsigargin sensitivity was Ca(2+)-mediated, and autophagosome accumulation in JNCL cells could be reversed by Ca(2+) chelation. Interrogation of intracellular Ca(2+) handling highlighted alterations in endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, and lysosomal Ca(2+) pools and in store-operated Ca(2+) uptake in JNCL cells. These results further support an important role for the CLN3 protein in intracellular Ca(2+) handling and in autophagic pathway flux and establish a powerful new platform for therapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Chandrachud
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Mathew W Walker
- the Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Simas
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Sasja Heetveld
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Anton Petcherski
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Madeleine Klein
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Hyejin Oh
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Pavlina Wolf
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Wen-Ning Zhao
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Stephanie Norton
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- the Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L Cotman
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
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Retromer in Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and other neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:126-32. [PMID: 25669742 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retromer is a protein assembly that has a central role in endosomal trafficking, and retromer dysfunction has been linked to a growing number of neurological disorders. First linked to Alzheimer disease, retromer dysfunction causes a range of pathophysiological consequences that have been shown to contribute to the core pathological features of the disease. Genetic studies have established that retromer dysfunction is also pathogenically linked to Parkinson disease, although the biological mechanisms that mediate this link are only now being elucidated. Most recently, studies have shown that retromer is a tractable target in drug discovery for these and other disorders of the nervous system.
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Genome-wide RNAi screen reveals a role for multipass membrane proteins in endosome-to-golgi retrieval. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1931-1945. [PMID: 25464851 PMCID: PMC4542293 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosome-to-Golgi retrieval is an essential membrane trafficking pathway required for many important physiological processes and linked to neurodegenerative disease and infection by bacterial and viral pathogens. The prototypical cargo protein for this pathway is the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CIMPR), which delivers lysosomal hydrolases to endosomes. Efficient retrieval of CIMPR to the Golgi requires the retromer complex, but other aspects of the endosome-to-Golgi retrieval pathway are poorly understood. Employing an image-based antibody-uptake assay, we conducted a genome-wide RNAi loss-of-function screen for novel regulators of this trafficking pathway and report ∼90 genes that are required for endosome-to-Golgi retrieval of a CD8-CIMPR reporter protein. Among these regulators of endosome-to-Golgi retrieval are a number of multipass membrane-spanning proteins, a class of proteins often overlooked with respect to a role in membrane trafficking. We further demonstrate a role for three multipass membrane proteins, SFT2D2, ZDHHC5, and GRINA, in endosome-to-Golgi retrieval.
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Bailey K, Rahimi Balaei M, Mehdizadeh M, Marzban H. Spatial and temporal expression of lysosomal acid phosphatase 2 (ACP2) reveals dynamic patterning of the mouse cerebellar cortex. THE CEREBELLUM 2014; 12:870-81. [PMID: 23780826 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-013-0502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Acp2 gene encodes lysosomal acid phosphatase 2 (ACP2), an isoenzyme that hydrolyzes orthophosphoric monoesters to alcohol and phosphate. Mutations in this gene compromise lysosomal function and cause acid phosphatase deficiency. Loss of Acp2 in the brain causes defects in the cerebellum. Here, we performed an in-depth protein expression analysis in the mouse cerebellum to understand how Acp2 controls cellular function in the developing and adult brain. We have found that during development, ACP2 expression marks the caudal midbrain and cerebellum, two regions that are linked by multiple signaling mechanisms during embryogenesis. By around P8, ACP2 was localized predominantly to the somata of Purkinje cells, the principal neurons of the cerebellar cortex. During the second postnatal week, we found that ACP2 expression expanded into the dendrites and axon terminals of Purkinje cells. However, at 2 weeks of age, only a subset of Purkinje cells strongly express ACP2. Further expression analyses revealed that in the mature cerebellum, ACP2 expression divided Purkinje cells into a pattern of molecular zones that are associated with the functional topography of sensory-motor circuitry. These data suggest that ACP2 expression is dynamically regulated during development, and in the adult, it may function within a complex architecture that is linked to cerebellar modular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bailey
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Manitoba Institute of Child Health (MICH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Schultz ML, Tecedor L, Stein CS, Stamnes MA, Davidson BL. CLN3 deficient cells display defects in the ARF1-Cdc42 pathway and actin-dependent events. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96647. [PMID: 24792215 PMCID: PMC4008583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile Batten disease (juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, JNCL) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in CLN3, a protein of undefined function. Cell lines derived from patients or mice with CLN3 deficiency have impairments in actin-regulated processes such as endocytosis, autophagy, vesicular trafficking, and cell migration. Here we demonstrate the small GTPase Cdc42 is misregulated in the absence of CLN3, and thus may be a common link to multiple cellular defects. We discover that active Cdc42 (Cdc42-GTP) is elevated in endothelial cells from CLN3 deficient mouse brain, and correlates with enhanced PAK-1 phosphorylation, LIMK membrane recruitment, and altered actin-driven events. We also demonstrate dramatically reduced plasma membrane recruitment of the Cdc42 GTPase activating protein, ARHGAP21. In line with this, GTP-loaded ARF1, an effector of ARHGAP21 recruitment, is depressed. Together these data implicate misregulated ARF1-Cdc42 signaling as a central defect in JNCL cells, which in-turn impairs various cell functions. Furthermore our findings support concerted action of ARF1, ARHGAP21, and Cdc42 to regulate fluid phase endocytosis in mammalian cells. The ARF1-Cdc42 pathway presents a promising new avenue for JNCL therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Schultz
- Program of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Luis Tecedor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Colleen S. Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Stamnes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Beverly L. Davidson
- Program of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Phospholipase D is involved in the formation of Golgi associated clathrin coated vesicles in human parotid duct cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91868. [PMID: 24618697 PMCID: PMC3950291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in many cellular functions, such as vesicle trafficking, exocytosis, differentiation, and proliferation. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of PLD in HSY cells, a human cell line originating from the intercalated duct of the parotid gland. As the function and intracellular localization of PLD varies according to cell type, initially, the intracellular localization of PLD1 and PLD2 was determined. By immunofluorescence, PLD1 and PLD2 both showed a punctate cytoplasmic distribution with extensive co-localization with TGN-46. PLD1 was also found in the nucleus, while PLD2 was associated with the plasma membrane. Treatment of cells with the primary alcohol 1-butanol inhibits the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcoline by PLD thereby suppressing phosphatidic acid (PA) production. In untreated HSY cells, there was only a slight co-localization of PLD with the clathrin coated vesicles. When HSY cells were incubated with 1-butanol the total number of clathrin coated vesicles increased, especially in the juxtanuclear region and the co-localization of PLD with the clathrin coated vesicles was augmented. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the number of Golgi-associated coated vesicles was greater. Treatment with 1-butanol also affected the Golgi apparatus, increasing the volume of the Golgi saccules. The decrease in PA levels after treatment with 1-butanol likewise resulted in an accumulation of enlarged lysosomes in the perinuclear region. Therefore, in HSY cells PLD appears to be involved in the formation of Golgi associated clathrin coated vesicles as well as in the structural maintenance of the Golgi apparatus.
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CLN3 loss disturbs membrane microdomain properties and protein transport in brain endothelial cells. J Neurosci 2014; 33:18065-79. [PMID: 24227717 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0498-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is a fatal childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal-3 (CLN3), a hydrophobic transmembrane protein of unresolved function. Previous studies indicate blood-brain barrier (BBB) defects in JNCL, and our earlier report showed prominent Cln3 expression in mouse brain endothelium. Here we find that CLN3 is necessary for normal trafficking of the microdomain-associated proteins caveolin-1, syntaxin-6, and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) in brain endothelial cells. Correspondingly, CLN3-null cells have reduced caveolae, and impaired caveolae- and MDR1-related functions including endocytosis, drug efflux, and cell volume regulation. We also detected an abnormal blood-brain barrier response to osmotic stress in vivo. Evaluation of the plasma membrane with fluorescent sphingolipid probes suggests microdomain destabilization and enhanced fluidity in CLN3-null cells. In further work we found that application of the glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide to CLN3-deficient cells rescues protein transport and caveolar endocytosis. Last, we show that CLN3 localizes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and partitions with buoyant microdomain fractions. We propose that CLN3 facilitates TGN-to-plasma membrane transport of microdomain-associated proteins. Insult to this pathway may underlie BBB dysfunction and contribute to JNCL pathogenesis.
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45
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Schmiedinger T, Vogel GF, Eiter O, Pfaller K, Kaufmann WA, Flörl A, Gutleben K, Schönherr S, Witting B, Lechleitner TW, Ebner HL, Seppi T, Hess MW. Cryo-immunoelectron microscopy of adherent cells improved by the use of electrospun cell culture substrates. Traffic 2013; 14:886-94. [PMID: 23631675 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibres are an excellent cell culture substrate, enabling the fast and non-disruptive harvest and transfer of adherent cells for microscopical and biochemical analyses. Metabolic activity and cellular structures are maintained during the only half a minute-long harvest and transfer process. We show here that such samples can be optimally processed by means of cryofixation combined either with freeze-substitution, sample rehydration and cryosection-immunolabelling or with freeze-fracture replica-immunolabelling. Moreover, electrospun fibre substrates are equally suitable for complementary approaches, such as biochemistry, fluorescence microscopy and cytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmiedinger
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Scifo E, Szwajda A, Dębski J, Uusi-Rauva K, Kesti T, Dadlez M, Gingras AC, Tyynelä J, Baumann MH, Jalanko A, Lalowski M. Drafting the CLN3 protein interactome in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells: a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2101-15. [PMID: 23464991 DOI: 10.1021/pr301125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are the most common inherited progressive encephalopathies of childhood. One of the most prevalent forms of NCL, Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) or CLN3 disease (OMIM: 204200), is caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene on chromosome 16p12.1. Despite progress in the NCL field, the primary function of ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 3 (CLN3) remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of human CLN3 in the brain by identifying CLN3-associated proteins using a Tandem Affinity Purification coupled to Mass Spectrometry (TAP-MS) strategy combined with Significance Analysis of Interactome (SAINT). Human SH-SY5Y-NTAP-CLN3 stable cells were used to isolate native protein complexes for subsequent TAP-MS. Bioinformatic analyses of isolated complexes yielded 58 CLN3 interacting partners (IP) including 42 novel CLN3 IP, as well as 16 CLN3 high confidence interacting partners (HCIP) previously identified in another high-throughput study by Behrends et al., 2010. Moreover, 31 IP of ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 5 (CLN5) were identified (18 of which were in common with the CLN3 bait). Our findings support previously suggested involvement of CLN3 in transmembrane transport, lipid homeostasis and neuronal excitability, as well as link it to G-protein signaling and protein folding/sorting in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Scifo
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, and Finnish Graduate School of Neuroscience, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Kollmann K, Uusi-Rauva K, Scifo E, Tyynelä J, Jalanko A, Braulke T. Cell biology and function of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-related proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1866-81. [PMID: 23402926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) comprise a group of inherited lysosomal disorders with variable age of onset, characterized by lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipopigments, neuroinflammation, photoreceptor- and neurodegeneration. Most of the NCL-related genes encode soluble and transmembrane proteins which localize to the endoplasmic reticulum or to the endosomal/lysosomal compartment and directly or indirectly regulate lysosomal function. Recently, exome sequencing led to the identification of four novel gene defects in NCL patients and a new NCL nomenclature currently comprising CLN1 through CLN14. Although the precise function of most of the NCL proteins remains elusive, comprehensive analyses of model organisms, particularly mouse models, provided new insight into pathogenic mechanisms of NCL diseases and roles of mutant NCL proteins in cellular/subcellular protein and lipid homeostasis, as well as their adaptive/compensatorial regulation at the transcriptional level. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the expression, function and regulation of NCL proteins and their impact on lysosomal integrity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses or Batten Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kollmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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McGourty K, Thurston TL, Matthews SA, Pinaud L, Mota LJ, Holden DW. Salmonella inhibits retrograde trafficking of mannose-6-phosphate receptors and lysosome function. Science 2012; 338:963-7. [PMID: 23162002 PMCID: PMC6485626 DOI: 10.1126/science.1227037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates within membrane-bound vacuoles through the action of effector proteins translocated into host cells. Salmonella vacuoles have characteristics of lysosomes but are reduced in hydrolytic enzymes transported by mannose-6-phosphate receptors (MPRs). We found that the effector SifA subverted Rab9-dependent retrograde trafficking of MPRs, thereby attenuating lysosome function. This required binding of SifA to its host cell target SKIP/PLEKHM2. Furthermore, SKIP regulated retrograde trafficking of MPRs in noninfected cells. Translocated SifA formed a stable complex with SKIP and Rab9 in infected cells. Sequestration of Rab9 by SifA-SKIP accounted for the effect of SifA on MPR transport and lysosome function. Growth of Salmonella increased in cells with reduced lysosomal activity and decreased in cells with higher lysosomal activity. These results suggest that Salmonella vacuoles undergo fusion with lysosomes whose potency has been reduced by SifA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran McGourty
- Section of Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Teresa L. Thurston
- Section of Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophie A. Matthews
- Section of Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Laurie Pinaud
- Section of Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Luís Jaime Mota
- Section of Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David W. Holden
- Section of Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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49
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Uusi-Rauva K, Kyttälä A, van der Kant R, Vesa J, Tanhuanpää K, Neefjes J, Olkkonen VM, Jalanko A. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis protein CLN3 interacts with motor proteins and modifies location of late endosomal compartments. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2075-89. [PMID: 22261744 PMCID: PMC11114557 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CLN3 is an endosomal/lysosomal transmembrane protein mutated in classical juvenile onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a fatal inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder. The function of CLN3 in endosomal/lysosomal events has remained elusive due to poor understanding of its interactions in these compartments. It has previously been shown that the localisation of late endosomal/lysosomal compartments is disturbed in cells expressing the most common disease-associated CLN3 mutant, CLN3∆ex7-8 (c.462-677del). We report here that a protracted disease causing mutant, CLN3E295K, affects the properties of late endocytic compartments, since over-expression of the CLN3E295K mutant protein in HeLa cells induced relocalisation of Rab7 and a perinuclear clustering of late endosomes/lysosomes. In addition to the previously reported disturbances in the endocytic pathway, we now show that the anterograde transport of late endosomal/lysosomal compartments is affected in CLN3 deficiency. CLN3 interacted with motor components driving both plus and minus end microtubular trafficking: tubulin, dynactin, dynein and kinesin-2. Most importantly, CLN3 was found to interact directly with active, guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP)-bound Rab7 and with the Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP) that anchors the dynein motor. The data presented in this study provide novel insights into the role of CLN3 in late endosomal/lysosomal membrane transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Uusi-Rauva
- National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 104, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aija Kyttälä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 104, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rik van der Kant
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jouni Vesa
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088 USA
| | - Kimmo Tanhuanpää
- Light Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Jalanko
- National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 104, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
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50
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The role of ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 5 (CLN5) in endosomal sorting. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:1855-66. [PMID: 22431521 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06726-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding CLN5 are the cause of Finnish variant late infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL), and the gene encoding CLN5 is 1 of 10 genes (encoding CLN1 to CLN9 and cathepsin D) whose germ line mutations result in a group of recessive disorders of childhood. Although CLN5 localizes to the lysosomal compartment, its function remains unknown. We have uncovered an interaction between CLN5 and sortilin, the lysosomal sorting receptor. However, CLN5, unlike prosaposin, does not require sortilin to localize to the lysosomal compartment. We demonstrate that in CLN5-depleted HeLa cells, the lysosomal sorting receptors sortilin and cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) are degraded in lysosomes due to a defect in recruitment of the retromer (an endosome-to-Golgi compartment trafficking component). In addition, we show that the retromer recruitment machinery is also affected by CLN5 depletion, as we found less loaded Rab7, which is required to recruit retromer. Taken together, our results support a role for CLN5 in controlling the itinerary of the lysosomal sorting receptors by regulating retromer recruitment at the endosome.
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