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Hu M, Feng X, Liu Q, Liu S, Huang F, Xu H. The ion channels of endomembranes. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1335-1385. [PMID: 38451235 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of organellar membranes in the biosynthetic pathway [endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles] as well as those in the degradative pathway (early endosomes, macropinosomes, phagosomes, autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes). These endomembrane organelles/vesicles work together to synthesize, modify, package, transport, and degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, regulating the balance between cellular anabolism and catabolism. Large ion concentration gradients exist across endomembranes: Ca2+ gradients for most endomembrane organelles and H+ gradients for the acidic compartments. Ion (Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, and Cl-) channels on the organellar membranes control ion flux in response to cellular cues, allowing rapid informational exchange between the cytosol and organelle lumen. Recent advances in organelle proteomics, organellar electrophysiology, and luminal and juxtaorganellar ion imaging have led to molecular identification and functional characterization of about two dozen endomembrane ion channels. For example, whereas IP3R1-3 channels mediate Ca2+ release from the ER in response to neurotransmitter and hormone stimulation, TRPML1-3 and TMEM175 channels mediate lysosomal Ca2+ and H+ release, respectively, in response to nutritional and trafficking cues. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of these endomembrane channels, with a focus on their subcellular localizations, ion permeation properties, gating mechanisms, cell biological functions, and disease relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Feng
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqian Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Schwickert KK, Glitscher M, Bender D, Benz NI, Murra R, Schwickert K, Pfalzgraf S, Schirmeister T, Hellmich UA, Hildt E. Zika virus replication is impaired by a selective agonist of the TRPML2 ion channel. Antiviral Res 2024; 228:105940. [PMID: 38901736 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The flavivirus genus includes human pathogenic viruses such as Dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) posing a global health threat due to limited treatment options. Host ion channels are crucial for various viral life cycle stages, but their potential as targets for antivirals is often not fully realized due to the lack of selective modulators. Here, we observe that treatment with ML2-SA1, an agonist for the human endolysosomal cation channel TRPML2, impairs ZIKV replication. Upon ML2-SA1 treatment, levels of intracellular genomes and number of released virus particles of two different ZIKV isolates were significantly reduced and cells displayed enlarged vesicular structures and multivesicular bodies with ZIKV envelope protein accumulation. However, no increased ZIKV degradation in lysosomal compartments was observed. Rather, the antiviral effect of ML2-SA1 seemed to manifest by the compound's negative impact on genome replication. Moreover, ML2-SA1 treatment also led to intracellular cholesterol accumulation. ZIKV and many other viruses including the Orthohepevirus Hepatitis E virus (HEV) rely on the endolysosomal system and are affected by intracellular cholesterol levels to complete their life cycle. Since we observed that ML2-SA1 also negatively impacted HEV infections in vitro, this compound may harbor a broader antiviral potential through perturbing the intracellular cholesterol distribution. Besides indicating that TRPML2 may be a promising target for combatting viral infections, we uncover a tentative connection between this protein and cholesterol distribution within the context of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin K Schwickert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mirco Glitscher
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bender
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Nuka Ivalu Benz
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Robin Murra
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Kevin Schwickert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Pfalzgraf
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Balance of the Microverse", Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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Cen J, Hu N, Shen J, Gao Y, Lu H. Pathological Functions of Lysosomal Ion Channels in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6565. [PMID: 38928271 PMCID: PMC11203704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are highly dynamic organelles that maintain cellular homeostasis and regulate fundamental cellular processes by integrating multiple metabolic pathways. Lysosomal ion channels such as TRPML1-3, TPC1/2, ClC6/7, CLN7, and TMEM175 mediate the flux of Ca2+, Cl-, Na+, H+, and K+ across lysosomal membranes in response to osmotic stimulus, nutrient-dependent signals, and cellular stresses. These ion channels serve as the crucial transducers of cell signals and are essential for the regulation of lysosomal biogenesis, motility, membrane contact site formation, and lysosomal homeostasis. In terms of pathophysiology, genetic variations in these channel genes have been associated with the development of lysosomal storage diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and cancer. This review aims to discuss the current understanding of the role of these ion channels in the central nervous system and to assess their potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yongjing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (J.C.); (N.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Huanjun Lu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (J.C.); (N.H.); (J.S.)
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Nguyen HT, Wiederkehr A, Wollheim CB, Park KS. Regulation of autophagy by perilysosomal calcium: a new player in β-cell lipotoxicity. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:273-288. [PMID: 38297165 PMCID: PMC10907728 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential quality control mechanism for maintaining organellar functions in eukaryotic cells. Defective autophagy in pancreatic beta cells has been shown to be involved in the progression of diabetes through impaired insulin secretion under glucolipotoxic stress. The underlying mechanism reveals the pathologic role of the hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which inhibits lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic processes. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress induces Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytosolic Ca2+ overload, which may contribute to mTOR activation in perilysosomal microdomains, leading to autophagic defects and β-cell failure due to lipotoxicity. This review delineates the antagonistic regulation of autophagic flux by mTOR and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) at the lysosomal membrane, and both of these molecules could be activated by perilysosomal calcium signaling. However, aberrant and persistent Ca2+ elevation upon lipotoxic stress increases mTOR activity and suppresses autophagy. Therefore, normalization of autophagy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for patients with β-cell failure and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thu Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | | | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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Carroll JA, Striebel JF, Baune C, Chesebro B, Race B. CD11c is not required by microglia to convey neuroprotection after prion infection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293301. [PMID: 37910561 PMCID: PMC10619787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are caused by the misfolding of a normal host protein that leads to gliosis, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and death. Microglia have been shown to be critical for neuroprotection during prion infection of the central nervous system (CNS), and their presence extends survival in mice. How microglia impart these benefits to the infected host are unknown. Previous transcriptomics and bioinformatics studies suggested that signaling through the heterodimeric integrin receptor CD11c/CD18, expressed by microglia in the brain, might be important to microglial function during prion disease. Herein, we intracerebrally challenged CD11c-/- mice with prion strain RML and compared them to similarly infected C57BL/6 mice as controls. We initially assessed changes in the brain that are associated with disease such as astrogliosis, microgliosis, prion accumulation, and survival. Targeted qRT-PCR arrays were used to determine alterations in transcription in mice in response to prion infection. We demonstrate that expression of Itgax (CD11c) and Itgb2 (CD18) increases in the CNS in correlation with advancing prion infection. Gliosis, neuropathology, prion deposition, and disease progression in prion infected CD11c deficient mice were comparable to infected C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, both CD11c deficient and C57BL/6 prion-infected mouse cohorts had a similar consortium of inflammatory- and phagocytosis-associated genes that increased as disease progressed to clinical stages. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of upregulated genes in infected C57BL/6 mice suggested numerous cell-surface transmembrane receptors signal through Spleen Tyrosine Kinase, a potential key regulator of phagocytosis and innate immune activation in the prion infected brain. Ultimately, the deletion of CD11c did not influence prion pathogenesis in mice and CD11c signaling is not involved in the neuroprotection provided by microglia, but our analysis identified a conspicuous phagocytosis pathway in the CNS of infected mice that appeared to be activated during prion pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Carroll
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - James F. Striebel
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Chase Baune
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Bruce Chesebro
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Brent Race
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
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Marini M, Titiz M, Souza Monteiro de Araújo D, Geppetti P, Nassini R, De Logu F. TRP Channels in Cancer: Signaling Mechanisms and Translational Approaches. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1557. [PMID: 37892239 PMCID: PMC10605459 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play a crucial role in a wide range of biological processes, including cell cycle regulation and cancer progression. In particular, the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of channels has emerged as a promising therapeutic target due to its involvement in several stages of cancer development and dissemination. TRP channels are expressed in a large variety of cells and tissues, and by increasing cation intracellular concentration, they monitor mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli under physiological and pathological conditions. Some members of the TRP superfamily, namely vanilloid (TRPV), canonical (TRPC), melastatin (TRPM), and ankyrin (TRPA), have been investigated in different types of cancer, including breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer. TRP channels are involved in processes such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and drug resistance, all related to cancer progression. Some TRP channels have been mechanistically associated with the signaling of cancer pain. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which TRP channels influence cancer provides new opportunities for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. Selective inhibitors of TRP channels are under initial scrutiny in experimental animals as potential anti-cancer agents. In-depth knowledge of these channels and their regulatory mechanisms may lead to new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment, providing new perspectives for the development of effective targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.M.); (M.T.); (D.S.M.d.A.); (P.G.); (F.D.L.)
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Cai Y, Zhou T, Chen J, Cai X, Fu Y. Uncovering the role of transient receptor potential channels in pterygium: a machine learning approach. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:589-602. [PMID: 36692516 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed at identifying the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in pterygium. METHODS Based on microarray data GSE83627 and GSE2513, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and 20 hub genes were selected. After gene correlation analysis, 5 TRP-related genes were obtained and functional analyses of gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed. Multifactor regulatory network including mRNA, microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) was constructed. The 5 gene TRP signature for pterygium was validated by multiple machine learning (ML) programs including support vector classifiers (SVC), random forest (RF), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). Additionally, we outlined the immune microenvironment and analyzed the candidate drugs. Finally, in vitro experiments were performed using human conjunctival epithelial cells (CjECs) to confirm the bioinformatics results. RESULTS Five TRP-related genes (MCOLN1, MCOLN3, TRPM3, TRPM6, and TRPM8) were validated by ML algorithms. Functional analyses revealed the participation of lysosome and TRP-regulated inflammatory pathways. A comprehensive immune infiltration landscape and TFs-miRNAs-mRNAs network was studied, which indicated several therapeutic targets (LEF1 and hsa-miR-455-3p). Through correlation analysis, MCOLN3 was proposed as the most promising immune-related biomarker. In vitro experiments further verified the reliability of our in silico results and demonstrated that the 5 TRP-related genes could influence the proliferation and proinflammatory signaling in conjunctival tissue contributing to the pathogenesis of pterygium. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that TRP channels played an essential role in the pathogenesis of pterygium. The identified pivotal biomarkers (especially MCOLN3) and pathways provide novel directions for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies for pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyao Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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Lei Y, Klionsky DJ. MCOLN3/TRPML3 bridges the regulation of autophagosome biogenesis by PtdIns3P and the calcium channel. Autophagy 2023; 19:377-378. [PMID: 36383451 PMCID: PMC9851261 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2148808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of studies have started to investigate the roles of ions and ion channels in macroautophagy/autophagy. One finding is that calcium regulates multiple stages of autophagy with lysosomal calcium release being important for autophagosome and lysosome fusion. MCOLN3/TRPML3, as a calcium-permeable channel that is located on both lysosomes and autophagosomes, has been suggested as an autophagy regulator and a candidate to provide the calcium for autophagic fusion, but how this channel is activated remains unclear. In a recent article, Kim et al. demonstrate that MCOLN3 is a PtdIns3P downstream effector, and the activation of its channel function is critical for autophagosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Lei
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abstract
Ca2+ is a universal second messenger that plays a wide variety of fundamental roles in cellular physiology. Thus, to warrant selective responses and to allow rapid mobilization upon specific stimuli, Ca2+ is accumulated in organelles to keep it at very low levels in the cytoplasm during resting conditions. Major Ca2+ storage organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mitochondria, and as recently demonstrated, the lysosome (Xu and Ren, Annu Rev Physiol 77:57-80, 2015). The importance of Ca2+ signaling deregulation in human physiology is underscored by its involvement in several human diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegenerative disease and cancer (Shen et al., Nat Commun 3:731, 2012; Bae et al., J Neurosci 34:11485-11503, 2014). Recent evidence strongly suggests that lysosomal Ca2+ plays a major role in the regulation of lysosomal adaptation to nutrient availability through a lysosomal signaling pathway involving the lysosomal Ca2+ channel TRPML1 and the transcription factor TFEB, a master regulator for lysosomal function and autophagy (Sardiello et al., Science 325:473-477, 2009; Settembre et al., Science 332:1429-1433, 2011; Medina et al., Nat Cell Biol 17:288-299, 2015; Di Paola et al., Cell Calcium 69:112-121, 2018). Due to the tight relationship of this lysosomal Ca2+ channel and TFEB, in this chapter, we will focus on the role of the TRPML1/TFEB pathway in the regulation of lysosomal function and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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The intracellular Ca 2+ channel TRPML3 is a PI3P effector that regulates autophagosome biogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200085119. [PMID: 36252030 PMCID: PMC9618060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200085119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a multiple fusion event, initiating with autophagosome formation and culminating with fusion with endo-lysosomes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The source of Ca2+ and the molecular mechanism by which Ca2+ is provided for this process are not known. The intracellular Ca2+ permeable channel transient receptor potential mucolipin 3 (TRPML3) localizes in the autophagosome and interacts with the mammalian autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) homolog GATE16. Here, we show that lipid-regulated TRPML3 is the Ca2+ release channel in the phagophore that provides the Ca2+ necessary for autophagy progress. We generated a TRPML3-GCaMP6 fusion protein as a targeted reporter of TRPML3 compartment localization and channel function. Notably, TRPML3-GCaMP6 localized in the phagophores, the level of which increased in response to nutrient starvation. Importantly, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), an essential lipid for autophagosome formation, is a selective regulator of TRPML3. TRPML3 interacted with PI3P, which is a direct activator of TRPML3 current and Ca2+ release from the phagophore, to promote and increase autophagy. Inhibition of TRPML3 suppressed autophagy even in the presence of excess PI3P, while activation of TRPML3 reversed the autophagy inhibition caused by blocking PI3P. Moreover, disruption of the TRPML3-PI3P interaction abolished both TRPML3 activation by PI3P and the increase in autophagy. Taken together, these results reveal that TRPML3 is a downstream effector of PI3P and a key regulator of autophagy. Activation of TRPML3 by PI3P is the critical step providing Ca2+ from the phagophore for the fusion process, which is essential for autophagosome biogenesis.
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Selezneva A, Gibb AJ, Willis D. The contribution of ion channels to shaping macrophage behaviour. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970234. [PMID: 36160429 PMCID: PMC9490177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanding roles of macrophages in physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms now include normal tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and regeneration, including neuronal tissue; initiation, progression, and resolution of the inflammatory response and a diverse array of anti-microbial activities. Two hallmarks of macrophage activity which appear to be fundamental to their diverse cellular functionalities are cellular plasticity and phenotypic heterogeneity. Macrophage plasticity allows these cells to take on a broad spectrum of differing cellular phenotypes in response to local and possibly previous encountered environmental signals. Cellular plasticity also contributes to tissue- and stimulus-dependent macrophage heterogeneity, which manifests itself as different macrophage phenotypes being found at different tissue locations and/or after different cell stimuli. Together, plasticity and heterogeneity align macrophage phenotypes to their required local cellular functions and prevent inappropriate activation of the cell, which could lead to pathology. To execute the appropriate function, which must be regulated at the qualitative, quantitative, spatial and temporal levels, macrophages constantly monitor intracellular and extracellular parameters to initiate and control the appropriate cell signaling cascades. The sensors and signaling mechanisms which control macrophages are the focus of a considerable amount of research. Ion channels regulate the flow of ions between cellular membranes and are critical to cell signaling mechanisms in a variety of cellular functions. It is therefore surprising that the role of ion channels in the macrophage biology has been relatively overlooked. In this review we provide a summary of ion channel research in macrophages. We begin by giving a narrative-based explanation of the membrane potential and its importance in cell biology. We then report on research implicating different ion channel families in macrophage functions. Finally, we highlight some areas of ion channel research in macrophages which need to be addressed, future possible developments in this field and therapeutic potential.
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TRPML3 enhances drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells by promoting Ca 2+-mediated lysosomal trafficking. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 627:152-159. [PMID: 36037747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are emerging as versatile signaling hubs that mediate numerous cellular processes, including the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. Transient receptor potential mucolipin 3 (TRPML3), an endolysosomal Ca2+-permeable channel, is implicated in regulating lysosomal trafficking during endocytosis and autophagy. However, the role of TRPML3 in cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, we focused on identifying key molecules that modulate exosomal release triggered by lysosomal exocytosis during the development of gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that the basal release of exosomes and lysosomal exocytosis is higher in the gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell line HCC827/GR than in the gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cell line HCC827. Notably, exosomal release and lysosomal exocytosis were associated with an increase in TRPML3 expression. Lysosomal Ca2+ release via TRPML3 was triggered by the gefitinib-mediated elevation of lysosomal pH. Furthermore, TRPML3 deficiency enhanced the gefitinib-mediated increase in sub-G0 cell population, reduction of cell proliferation, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. These data demonstrated that TRPML3 is a promising modulator of drug resistance. By sensing the elevation of lysosomal pH, it mediates lysosomal Ca2+ release, lysosomal trafficking and exocytosis, and exosomal release. Taken together, our study is the first to report the autonomous defense mechanism developed in NSCLC cells against the small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, leading to acquired drug resistance.
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Scotto Rosato A, Krogsaeter EK, Jaślan D, Abrahamian C, Montefusco S, Soldati C, Spix B, Pizzo MT, Grieco G, Böck J, Wyatt A, Wünkhaus D, Passon M, Stieglitz M, Keller M, Hermey G, Markmann S, Gruber-Schoffnegger D, Cotman S, Johannes L, Crusius D, Boehm U, Wahl-Schott C, Biel M, Bracher F, De Leonibus E, Polishchuk E, Medina DL, Paquet D, Grimm C. TPC2 rescues lysosomal storage in mucolipidosis type IV, Niemann-Pick type C1, and Batten disease. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15377. [PMID: 35929194 PMCID: PMC9449600 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are cell organelles that degrade macromolecules to recycle their components. If lysosomal degradative function is impaired, e.g., due to mutations in lysosomal enzymes or membrane proteins, lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) can develop. LSDs manifest often with neurodegenerative symptoms, typically starting in early childhood, and going along with a strongly reduced life expectancy and quality of life. We show here that small molecule activation of the Ca2+‐permeable endolysosomal two‐pore channel 2 (TPC2) results in an amelioration of cellular phenotypes associated with LSDs such as cholesterol or lipofuscin accumulation, or the formation of abnormal vacuoles seen by electron microscopy. Rescue effects by TPC2 activation, which promotes lysosomal exocytosis and autophagy, were assessed in mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), Niemann–Pick type C1, and Batten disease patient fibroblasts, and in neurons derived from newly generated isogenic human iPSC models for MLIV and Batten disease. For in vivo proof of concept, we tested TPC2 activation in the MLIV mouse model. In sum, our data suggest that TPC2 is a promising target for the treatment of different types of LSDs, both in vitro and in‐vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scotto Rosato
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Einar K Krogsaeter
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Dawid Jaślan
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Abrahamian
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Chiara Soldati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Spix
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia Böck
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Passon
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Stieglitz
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Keller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Institute of Molecular and Cellular Cognition, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Susan Cotman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Department, Institut Curie, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Dennis Crusius
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Diego L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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14
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Chen CC, Krogsaeter E, Kuo CY, Huang MC, Chang SY, Biel M. Endolysosomal cation channels point the way towards precision medicine of cancer and infectious diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112751. [PMID: 35240524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and cancer are among the key medical challenges that humankind is facing today. A growing amount of evidence suggests that ion channels in the endolysosomal system play a crucial role in the pathology of both groups of diseases. The development of advanced patch-clamp technologies has allowed us to directly characterize ion fluxes through endolysosomal ion channels in their native environments. Endolysosomes are essential organelles for intracellular transport, digestion and metabolism, and maintenance of homeostasis. The endolysosomal ion channels regulate the function of the endolysosomal system through four basic mechanisms: calcium release, control of membrane potential, pH change, and osmolarity regulation. In this review, we put particular emphasis on the endolysosomal cation channels, including TPC2 and TRPML2, which are particularly important in monocyte function. We discuss existing endogenous and synthetic ligands of these channels and summarize current knowledge of their impact on channel activity and function in different cell types. Moreover, we summarize recent findings on the importance of TPC2 and TRPML2 channels as potential drug targets for the prevention and treatment of the emerging infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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15
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Barbonari S, D'Amore A, Palombi F, De Cesaris P, Parrington J, Riccioli A, Filippini A. RELEVANCE OF LYSOSOMAL Ca2+ SIGNALLING MACHINERY IN CANCER. Cell Calcium 2022; 102:102539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Mehta YR, Lewis SA, Leo KT, Chen L, Park E, Raghuram V, Chou CL, Yang CR, Kikuchi H, Khundmiri S, Poll BG, Knepper MA. "ADPKD-omics": determinants of cyclic AMP levels in renal epithelial cells. Kidney Int 2022; 101:47-62. [PMID: 34757121 PMCID: PMC10671900 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in kidney epithelial cells is important in at least 2 groups of disorders, namely water balance disorders and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Focusing on the latter, we review genes that code for proteins that are determinants of cAMP levels in cells. We identify which of these determinants are expressed in the 14 kidney tubule segments using recently published RNA-sequencing and protein mass spectrometry data ("autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease-omics"). This includes G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, cAMP transporters, cAMP-binding proteins, regulator of G protein-signaling proteins, G protein-coupled receptor kinases, arrestins, calcium transporters, and calcium-binding proteins. In addition, compartmentalized cAMP signaling in the primary cilium is discussed, and a specialized database of the proteome of the primary cilium of cultured "IMCD3" cells is provided as an online resource (https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/Databases/CiliumProteome/). Overall, this article provides a general resource in the form of a curated list of proteins likely to play roles in determination of cAMP levels in kidney epithelial cells and, therefore, likely to be determinants of progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash R Mehta
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Spencer A Lewis
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirby T Leo
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Euijung Park
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Syed Khundmiri
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian G Poll
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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17
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Guan PP, Cao LL, Yang Y, Wang P. Calcium Ions Aggravate Alzheimer's Disease Through the Aberrant Activation of Neuronal Networks, Leading to Synaptic and Cognitive Deficits. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:757515. [PMID: 34924952 PMCID: PMC8674839 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.757515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the production and deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, leading to the formation of β-amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although calcium ions (Ca2+) promote the formation of APs and NFTs, no systematic review of the mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the development and progression of AD has been published. Therefore, the current review aimed to fill the gaps between elevated Ca2+ levels and the pathogenesis of AD. Specifically, we mainly focus on the molecular mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the neuronal networks of neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, neurogenesis, neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, and autophagy. Furthermore, the roles of Ca2+ transporters located in the cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and lysosome in mediating the effects of Ca2+ on activating neuronal networks that ultimately contribute to the development and progression of AD are discussed. Finally, the drug candidates derived from herbs used as food or seasoning in Chinese daily life are summarized to provide a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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18
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Chen D, Zheng Q, Sun L, Ji M, Li Y, Deng H, Zhang H. ORF3a of SARS-CoV-2 promotes lysosomal exocytosis-mediated viral egress. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3250-3263.e5. [PMID: 34706264 PMCID: PMC8502680 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viral entry and egress are important determinants of virus infectivity and pathogenicity. β-coronaviruses, including the COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), exploit the lysosomal exocytosis pathway for egress. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, but not SARS-CoV ORF3a, promotes lysosomal exocytosis. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a facilitates lysosomal targeting of the BORC-ARL8b complex, which mediates trafficking of lysosomes to the vicinity of the plasma membrane, and exocytosis-related SNARE proteins. The Ca2+ channel TRPML3 is required for SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a-mediated lysosomal exocytosis. Expression of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a greatly elevates extracellular viral release in cells infected with the coronavirus MHV-A59, which itself lacks ORF3a. In SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, Ser171 and Trp193 are critical for promoting lysosomal exocytosis and blocking autophagy. When these residues are introduced into SARS-CoV ORF3a, it acquires the ability to promote lysosomal exocytosis and inhibit autophagy. Our results reveal a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 interacts with host factors to promote its extracellular egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoxia Zheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Long Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Ji
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
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19
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Kriegler K, Leser C, Mayer P, Bracher F. Effective chiral pool synthesis of both enantiomers of the TRPML inhibitor trans-ML-SI3. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100362. [PMID: 34738656 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two independent chiral pool syntheses of both enantiomers of the TRPML inhibitor, trans-ML-SI3, were developed, starting from commercially available (1S,2R)- and (1R,2S)-configured cis-2-aminocyclohexanols. Both routes lead to the target compounds in excellent enantiomeric purity and good overall yields. For the most attractive (-)-trans-enantiomer, the R,R-configuration was identified by these unambiguous syntheses, and the results were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. These effective synthetic approaches further allow flexible variation of prominent residues in ML-SI3 for future in-depth analysis of structure-activity relationships as both the piperazine and the N-sulfonyl residues are introduced into the molecule at late stages of the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kriegler
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Leser
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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20
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Xia Z, Ren Y, Li S, Xu J, Wu Y, Cao Z. ML-SA1 and SN-2 inhibit endocytosed viruses through regulating TRPML channel expression and activity. Antiviral Res 2021; 195:105193. [PMID: 34687820 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential mucolipin 2 and 3 (TRPML2 and TRPML3), as key channels in the endosomal-lysosomal system, are associated with many different cellular processes, including ion release, membrane trafficking and autophagy. In particular, they can also facilitate viral entry into host cells and enhance viral infection. We previously identified that two selective TRPML agonists, ML-SA1 and SN-2, that showed antiviral activities against dengue virus type 2 (DENV2) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in vitro, but their antiviral mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we reported that ML-SA1 could inhibit DENV2 replication by downregulating the expression of both TRPML2 and TRPML3, while the other TRPML activator, SN-2, suppressed DENV2 infection by reducing only TRPML3 expression. Consistently, the channel activities of both TRPML2 and TRPML3 were also found to be associated with the antiviral activity of ML-SA1 on DENV2 and ZIKV, but SN-2 relied only on TRPML3 channel activity. Further mechanistic experiments revealed that ML-SA1 and SN-2 decreased the expression of the late endosomal marker Rab7, dependent on TRPML2 and TRPML3, indicating that these two compounds likely inhibit viral infection by promoting vesicular trafficking from late endosomes to lysosomes and then accelerating lysosomal degradation of the virus. As expected, neither ML-SA1 nor SN-2 inhibited herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1), whose entry is independent of the endolysosomal network. Together, our work reveals the antiviral mechanisms of ML-SA1 and SN-2 in targeting TRPML channels, possibly leading to the discovery of new drug candidates to inhibit endocytosed viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Yingying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Songryong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, North Korea
| | - Jiyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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21
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Wang J, Cao Z, Wang P, Zhang X, Tang J, He Y, Huang Z, Mao X, Shi S, Kou X. Apoptotic Extracellular Vesicles Ameliorate Multiple Myeloma by Restoring Fas-Mediated Apoptosis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14360-14372. [PMID: 34506129 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is critical for maintaining bodily homeostasis and produces a large number of apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs). Several types of cancer cells display reduced expression of Fas on the cell surface and are thus capable of escaping Fas ligand-induced apoptosis. However, it is unknown whether normal cell-derived apoEVs can regulate tumor growth. In this study, we show that apoEVs can induce multiple myeloma (MM) cell apoptosis and inhibit MM cell growth. Systemic infusion of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived apoEVs significantly prolongs the lifespan of MM mice. Mechanistically, apoEVs directly contact MM cells to facilitate Fas trafficking from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane by evoking Ca2+ influx and elevation of cytosolic Ca2+. Subsequently, apoEVs use their Fas ligand to activate the Fas pathway in MM cells, leading to the initiation of apoptosis. This study identifies the role of apoEVs in inducing MM apoptosis and suggests a potential for apoEVs to treat MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zeyuan Cao
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianxia Tang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research and Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yifan He
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xueli Mao
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
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22
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Abstract
Lysosomal calcium is emerging as a modulator of autophagy and lysosomal compartment, an obligatory partner to complete the autophagic pathway. A variety of specific signals such as nutrient deprivation or oxidative stress can trigger lysosomal calcium-mediated nuclear translocation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of global lysosomal function. Also, lysosomal calcium can promote the formation of autophagosome vesicles (AVs) by a mechanism that requires the production of the phosphoinositide PI3P by the VPS34 autophagic complex and the activation of the energy-sensing kinase AMPK. Additionally, lysosomal calcium plays a role in membrane fusion and fission events involved in cellular processes such as endocytic maturation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, lysosomal exocytosis, and lysosomal reformation upon autophagy completion. Lysosomal calcium-dependent functions are defective in cellular and animal models of the non-selective cation channel TRPML1, whose mutations in humans cause the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV). Lysosomal calcium is not only acting as a positive regulator of autophagy, but it is also responsible for turning-off this process through the reactivation of the mTOR kinase during prolonged starvation. More recently, it has been described the role of lysosomal calcium on an elegant sequence of intracellular signaling events such as membrane repair, lysophagy, and lysosomal biogenesis upon the induction of different grades of lysosomal membrane damage. Here, we will discuss these novel findings that re-define the importance of the lysosome and lysosomal calcium signaling at regulating cellular metabolism.
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23
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Lysosomal Calcium Channels in Autophagy and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061299. [PMID: 33803964 PMCID: PMC8001254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is a cellular self-eating process that uses lysosome, the waste disposal system of the cell, to degrade and recycle intracellular materials to maintain cellular homeostasis. Defects in autophagy are linked to a variety of pathological states, including cancer. Calcium is an important cellular messenger that regulates the survival of all animal cells. Alterations to calcium homoeostasis are associated with cancer. While it has long been considered as cellular recycling center, the lysosome is now widely known as an intracellular calcium store that regulates autophagy and cancer progression by releasing calcium via some ion channels residing in the lysosomal membrane. In this review, we summarize existing mechanisms of autophagy regulation by lysosomal calcium channels and their implications in cancer development. We hope to guide readers toward a more in-depth understanding of the importance of lysosomal calcium channels in cancer, and potentially facilitate the development of new therapeutics for some cancers. Abstract Ca2+ is pivotal intracellular messenger that coordinates multiple cell functions such as fertilization, growth, differentiation, and viability. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling is regulated by both extracellular Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Apart from working as the cellular recycling center, the lysosome has been increasingly recognized as a significant intracellular Ca2+ store that provides Ca2+ to regulate many cellular processes. The lysosome also talks to other organelles by releasing and taking up Ca2+. In lysosomal Ca2+-dependent processes, autophagy is particularly important, because it has been implicated in many human diseases including cancer. This review will discuss the major components of lysosomal Ca2+ stores and their roles in autophagy and human cancer progression.
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Abstract
Ion exchange between intracellular and extracellular spaces is the basic mechanism for controlling cell metabolism and signal transduction. This process is mediated by ion channels and transporters on the plasma membrane, or intracellular membranes that surround various organelles, in response to environmental stimuli. Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is one of the lysosomal-dependent degradation pathways that maintains homeostasis through the degradation and recycling of cellular components (e.g., dysfunctional proteins and damaged organelles). Although autophagy-related (ATG) proteins play a central role in regulating the formation of autophagy-related member structures (e.g., phagophores, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes), the autophagic process also involves changes in expression and function of ion channels and transporters. Here we discuss current knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate autophagy in mammalian cells, with special attention to the ion channels and transporters. We also highlight prospects for the development of drugs targeting ion channels and transporters in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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25
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Endolysosomal TRPMLs in Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010065. [PMID: 33419007 PMCID: PMC7825278 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes, the degradative endpoints and sophisticated cellular signaling hubs, are emerging as intracellular Ca2+ stores that govern multiple cellular processes. Dys-homeostasis of lysosomal Ca2+ is intimately associated with a variety of human diseases including cancer. Recent studies have suggested that the Ca2+-permeable channels Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Mucolipins (TRPMLs, TRPML1-3) integrate multiple processes of cell growth, division and metabolism. Dysregulation of TRPMLs activity has been implicated in cancer development. In this review, we provide a summary of the latest development of TRPMLs in cancer. The expression of TRPMLs in cancer, TRPMLs in cancer cell nutrient sensing, TRPMLs-mediated lysosomal exocytosis in cancer development, TRPMLs in TFEB-mediated gene transcription of cancer cells, TRPMLs in bacteria-related cancer development and TRPMLs-regulated antitumor immunity are discussed. We hope to guide readers toward a more in-depth discussion of the importance of lysosomal TRPMLs in cancer progression and other human diseases.
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26
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Engin AB, Engin A. Alzheimer's Disease and Protein Kinases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:285-321. [PMID: 33539020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and accounts for more than 60-80% of all cases of dementia. Loss of pyramidal neurons, extracellular amyloid beta (Abeta) accumulated senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles that contain hyperphosphorylated tau constitute the main pathological alterations in AD.Synaptic dysfunction and extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hyperactivation contributes to excitotoxicity in patients with AD. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Abeta promoted neurodegeneration develop through the activation of protein kinase signaling cascade in AD. Furthermore, ultimate neuronal death in AD is under control of protein kinases-related signaling pathways. In this chapter, critical check-points within the cross-talk between neuron and protein kinases have been defined regarding the initiation and progression of AD. In this context, amyloid cascade hypothesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, granulovacuolar degeneration, loss of Wnt signaling, Abeta-related synaptic alterations, prolonged calcium ions overload and NMDAR-related synaptotoxicity, damage signals hypothesis and type-3 diabetes are discussed briefly.In addition to clinical perspective of AD pathology, recommendations that might be effective in the treatment of AD patients have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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27
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Two-pore and TRPML cation channels: Regulators of phagocytosis, autophagy and lysosomal exocytosis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107713. [PMID: 33141027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The old Greek saying "Panta Rhei" ("everything flows") is true for all life and all living things in general. It also becomes nicely evident when looking closely into cells. There, material from the extracellular space is taken up by endocytic processes and transported to endosomes where it is sorted either for recycling or degradation. Cargo is also packaged for export through exocytosis involving the Golgi network, lysosomes and other organelles. Everything in this system is in constant motion and many proteins are necessary to coordinate transport along the different intracellular pathways to avoid chaos. Among these proteins are ion channels., in particular TRPML channels (mucolipins) and two-pore channels (TPCs) which reside on endosomal and lysosomal membranes to speed up movement between organelles, e.g. by regulating fusion and fission; they help readjust pH and osmolarity changes due to such processes, or they promote exocytosis of export material. Pathophysiologically, these channels are involved in neurodegenerative, metabolic, retinal and infectious diseases, cancer, pigmentation defects, and immune cell function, and thus have been proposed as novel pharmacological targets, e.g. for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or different types of cancer. Here, we discuss the similarities but also differences of TPCs and TRPMLs in regulating phagocytosis, autophagy and lysosomal exocytosis, and we address the contradictions and open questions in the field relating to the roles TPCs and TRPMLs play in these different processes.
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28
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Xia Z, Wang L, Li S, Tang W, Sun F, Wu Y, Miao L, Cao Z. ML-SA1, a selective TRPML agonist, inhibits DENV2 and ZIKV by promoting lysosomal acidification and protease activity. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Himmel NJ, Cox DN. Transient receptor potential channels: current perspectives on evolution, structure, function and nomenclature. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201309. [PMID: 32842926 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential superfamily of ion channels (TRP channels) is widely recognized for the roles its members play in sensory nervous systems. However, the incredible diversity within the TRP superfamily, and the wide range of sensory capacities found therein, has also allowed TRP channels to function beyond sensing an organism's external environment, and TRP channels have thus become broadly critical to (at least) animal life. TRP channels were originally discovered in Drosophila and have since been broadly studied in animals; however, thanks to a boom in genomic and transcriptomic data, we now know that TRP channels are present in the genomes of a variety of creatures, including green algae, fungi, choanoflagellates and a number of other eukaryotes. As a result, the organization of the TRP superfamily has changed radically from its original description. Moreover, modern comprehensive phylogenetic analyses have brought to light the vertebrate-centricity of much of the TRP literature; much of the nomenclature has been grounded in vertebrate TRP subfamilies, resulting in a glossing over of TRP channels in other taxa. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the function, structure and evolutionary history of TRP channels, and put forth a more complete set of non-vertebrate-centric TRP family, subfamily and other subgroup nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel N Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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30
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Jezela-Stanek A, Ciara E, Stepien KM. Neuropathophysiology, Genetic Profile, and Clinical Manifestation of Mucolipidosis IV-A Review and Case Series. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124564. [PMID: 32604955 PMCID: PMC7348969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by biallelic mutations in MCOLN1 gene encoding the transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1. So far, 35 pathogenic or likely pathogenic MLIV-related variants have been described. Clinical manifestations include severe intellectual disability, speech deficit, progressive visual impairment leading to blindness, and myopathy. The severity of the condition may vary, including less severe psychomotor delay and/or ocular findings. As no striking recognizable facial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, organomegaly, or lysosomal enzyme abnormalities in serum are common features of MLIV, the clinical diagnosis may be significantly improved because of characteristic ophthalmological anomalies. This review aims to outline the pathophysiology and genetic defects of this condition with a focus on the genotype–phenotype correlation amongst cases published in the literature. The authors will present their own clinical observations and long-term outcomes in adult MLIV cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Heath Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina M. Stepien
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
- Correspondence:
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31
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Santoni G, Morelli MB, Amantini C, Nabissi M, Santoni M, Santoni A. Involvement of the TRPML Mucolipin Channels in Viral Infections and Anti-viral Innate Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:739. [PMID: 32425938 PMCID: PMC7212413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The TRPML channels (TRPML1, TRPML2, and TRPML3), belonging to the mucolipin TRP subfamily, primary localize to a population of membrane-bonded vesicles along the endocytosis, and exocytosis pathways. Human viruses enter host cells by plasma membrane penetration or by receptor-mediated endocytosis. TRPML2 enhances the infectivity of a number of enveloped viruses by promoting virus vesicular trafficking and escape from endosomal compartment. TRPML2 expression is stimulated by interferon and by several toll like receptor (TLR) activators, suggesting a possible role in the activation of the innate immune response. Noteworthy, TRPML1 plays a major role in single strand RNA/DNA trafficking into lysosomes and the lack of TRPML1 impairs the TLR-7 and TLR-9 ligand transportation to lysosomes resulting in decreased dendritic cell maturation/activation and migration to the lymph nodes. TRPML channels are also expressed by natural killer (NK) cells, a subset of innate lymphocytes with an essential role during viral infections; recent findings have indicated a role of TRPML1-mediated modulation of secretory lysosomes in NK cells education. Moreover, as also NK cells express TLR recognizing viral pattern, an increased TLR-mediated activation of cytokine production can be envisaged, suggesting a dual role in the NK cell-mediated antiviral responses. Overall, TRPML channels might play a double-edged sword in resistance to viral infections: on one side they can promote virus cellular entry and infectivity; on the other side, by regulating TLR responses in the various immune cells, they contribute to enhance antiviral innate and possibly adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Consuelo Amantini
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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32
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Santoni G, Santoni M, Maggi F, Marinelli O, Morelli MB. Emerging Role of Mucolipins TRPML Channels in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:659. [PMID: 32411610 PMCID: PMC7198773 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- Section of Immunopathology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Federica Maggi
- Section of Immunopathology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- Section of Immunopathology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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33
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Hearn JI, Green TN, Chopra M, Nursalim YNS, Ladvanszky L, Knowlton N, Blenkiron C, Poulsen RC, Singleton DC, Bohlander SK, Kalev-Zylinska ML. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Hypofunction in Meg-01 Cells Reveals a Role for Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis in Balancing Megakaryocytic-Erythroid Differentiation. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:671-686. [PMID: 32289863 PMCID: PMC7286128 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The release of calcium ions (Ca
2+
) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and related store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) regulate maturation of normal megakaryocytes. The
N
-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) provides an additional mechanism for Ca
2+
influx in megakaryocytic cells, but its role remains unclear. We created a model of NMDAR hypofunction in Meg-01 cells using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout of the
GRIN1
gene, which encodes an obligate, GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR. We found that compared with unmodified Meg-01 cells, Meg-01-
GRIN1−/−
cells underwent atypical differentiation biased toward erythropoiesis, associated with increased basal ER stress and cell death. Resting cytoplasmic Ca
2+
levels were higher in Meg-01-
GRIN1−/−
cells, but ER Ca
2+
release and SOCE were lower after activation. Lysosome-related organelles accumulated including immature dense granules that may have contributed an alternative source of intracellular Ca
2+
. Microarray analysis revealed that Meg-01-
GRIN1−/−
cells had deregulated expression of transcripts involved in Ca
2+
metabolism, together with a shift in the pattern of hematopoietic transcription factors toward erythropoiesis. In keeping with the observed pro-cell death phenotype induced by
GRIN1
deletion, memantine (NMDAR inhibitor) increased cytotoxic effects of cytarabine in unmodified Meg-01 cells. In conclusion, NMDARs comprise an integral component of the Ca
2+
regulatory network in Meg-01 cells that help balance ER stress and megakaryocytic-erythroid differentiation. We also provide the first evidence that megakaryocytic NMDARs regulate biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles, including dense granules. Our results argue that intracellular Ca
2+
homeostasis may be more important for normal megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation than currently recognized; thus, modulation may offer therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I Hearn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Taryn N Green
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin Chopra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yohanes N S Nursalim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leandro Ladvanszky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Knowlton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raewyn C Poulsen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dean C Singleton
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maggie L Kalev-Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,LabPlus Haematology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Panigrahi M, Kumar H, Sah V, Dillipkumar Verma A, Bhushan B, Parida S. Transcriptome profiling of buffalo endometrium reveals molecular signature distinct to early pregnancy. Gene 2020; 743:144614. [PMID: 32222532 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Buffalo reproduction struggles with a high incidence of early embryonic mortality. Effective treatment and prevention strategies for this condition are not available due to lack of understanding of molecular pathways in early pregnancy of this species. In the present study, we have attempted to understand these molecular pathways by characterizing the endometrial transcriptomic profiles of pregnant buffalos during early pregnancy. For the transcriptome profiling, buffalo endometrial tissues of 29-36 days of pregnancy and of nonpregnant luteal phase were collected from the local slaughterhouse. We confirmed the status of pregnancy based on the crown vertebral length of the foetus. Total RNA was isolated and sequencing was performed using the Illumina nextseq platform. The raw reads were filtered and mapped to the Bos taurus UMD 3.1 reference genome assembly. An average of 24,597 genes was investigated for differential expression between the two groups. Transcriptome data identified a total of 450 differentially expressed genes (using a cut off value of log2 fold changes >2 and <-2) in early pregnancy in comparison to the nonpregnant group (Padj < 0.05). Among these, 270 genes were significantly upregulated and 180 genes were downregulated. The most impacted pathways were related to secretion, transport, ionic homeostasis, mitosis and negative regulation of viral processes. In conclusion, our study characterized a unique set of DEGs, during the early pregnancy of buffalo, which potentially modulate the endometrial environment to establish and maintain a successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Harshit Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Vaishali Sah
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Ankita Dillipkumar Verma
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
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35
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Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapeutic Application for Modulation of Lysosomal Ion Channels and Functions. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030217. [PMID: 32131531 PMCID: PMC7150957 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of nanoparticles in various fields have been addressed. Nanomaterials serve as carriers for transporting conventional drugs or proteins through lysosomes to various cellular targets. The basic function of lysosomes is to trigger degradation of proteins and lipids. Understanding of lysosomal functions is essential for enhancing the efficacy of nanoparticles-mediated therapy and reducing the malfunctions of cellular metabolism. The lysosomal function is modulated by the movement of ions through various ion channels. Thus, in this review, we have focused on the recruited ion channels for lysosomal function, to understand the lysosomal modulation through the nanoparticles and its applications. In the future, lysosomal channels-based targets will expand the therapeutic application of nanoparticles-associated drugs.
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36
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Spix B, Chao YK, Abrahamian C, Chen CC, Grimm C. TRPML Cation Channels in Inflammation and Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:225. [PMID: 32184778 PMCID: PMC7058977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In 1883, Ilya Mechnikov discovered phagocytes and established the concept of phagocytosis by macrophages. In 1908, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine for his findings, which laid the foundations for today's understanding of the innate immune response. Only in the 1960s, Max Cooper and Robert Good significantly advanced our understanding of the immune system by demonstrating that B- and T-cells cooperate to regulate the adaptive immune response. Both, innate and adaptive immune response are essential to effectively protect the individual against infectious agents, such as viruses, bacterial or insect toxins, or allergens. Innate immune responses occur rapidly upon exposure to noxious or infectious agents or organisms, in contrast to the adaptive immune system that needs days rather than hours to develop and acts primarily on the basis of antigen-specific receptors expressed on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes. In recent years, it has become evident that endosomes and lysosomes are involved in many aspects of immune cell function, such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation and processing by antigen-presenting cells, release of proinflammatory mediators, e.g., by mast cells, or secretion of the pore-forming protein perforin by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Several lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) have been associated with defects in immune system function or immune system hyperactivity, such as Gaucher, Fabry, or Niemann-Pick type C1 disease, mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), gangliosidosis, or juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL). Beside accumulating evidence on the importance of endolysosomes in immune cell function, recent results suggest direct roles of endolysosomal ion channels, such as the TRPML channels (mucolipins), which are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of non-selective cation channels, for different aspects of immune cell function. The aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge about the roles of TRPML channels in inflammation and immunity, and to assess their potential as drug targets to influence immune cell functions. Advances: Examples of recently established roles of TRPML channels in immune system function and immune response include the TRPML1-mediated modulation of secretory lysosomes, granzyme B content, and tuning of effector function in NK cells, TRPML1-dependent directional dendritic cell (DC) migration and DC chemotaxis, and the role of TRPML2 in chemokine release from LPS-stimulated macrophages. Outlook: Although our understanding of the functional roles of TRPML channels in inflammation and immunity is still in its infancy, a few interesting findings have been made in the past years, encouraging further and more detailed work on the role of TRPMLs, e.g., in intracellular trafficking and release of chemokines, cytokines, or granzyme B, or in phagocytosis and bacterial toxin and virus trafficking through the endolysosomal machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Spix
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Abrahamian
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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37
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Al-Bari MAA, Xu P. Molecular regulation of autophagy machinery by mTOR-dependent and -independent pathways. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1467:3-20. [PMID: 31985829 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a lysosomal degradative pathway or recycling process that maintains cellular homeostasis. This autophagy involves a series of sequential processing events, such as initiation; elongation and nucleation of the isolation membrane; cargo recruitment and maturation of the autophagosome (AP); transport of the AP; docking and fusion of the AP with a late endosome or lysosome; and regeneration of the lysosome by the autophagic lysosomal reformation cycle. These events are critically coordinated by the action of a set of several key components, including autophagy-related proteins (Atg), and regulated by intricate networks, such as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a master regulator of autophagy, as well as mTOR-independent signaling pathways. Among mTOR-independent pathways, the transient receptor potential (TRP) calcium ion channel TRPML (mucolipin) subfamily is emerging as an important signaling channel to modulate lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. This review discusses the recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms and regulation of the autophagy process. Understanding these mechanisms may ultimately allow scientists and clinicians to control this process in order to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pingyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chao YK, Chang SY, Grimm C. Endo-Lysosomal Cation Channels and Infectious Diseases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 185:259-276. [PMID: 32748124 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Among the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, the most prevalent ones today are malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, dengue fever, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, and most recently Covid-19 (SARS-CoV2). Others with a rather devastating history and high fatality rates such as plague, cholera, or typhus seem less threatening today but have not been eradicated, and with a declining efficacy of current antibiotics they ought to be watched carefully. Another emerging issue in this context is health-care associated infection. About 100,000 hospitalized patients in the USA ( www.cdc.gov ) and 33,000 in Europe ( https://www.ecdc.europa.eu ) die each year as a direct consequence of an infection caused by bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Among viral infections, influenza is responsible for about 3-5 million cases of severe illness, and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths annually ( www.who.int ). About 37 million people are currently living with HIV infection and about one million die from it each year. Coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, but in particular the recent outbreak of Covid-19 (caused by SARS-CoV2) have resulted in large numbers of infections worldwide with an estimated several hundred thousand deaths (anticipated fatality rate: <5%). With a comparatively low mortality rate dengue virus causes between 50 and 100 million infections every year, leading to 50,000 deaths. In contrast, Ebola virus is the causative agent for one of the deadliest viral diseases. The Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014 is considered the largest outbreak in history with more than 11,000 deaths. Many of the deadliest pathogens such as Ebola virus, influenza virus, mycobacterium tuberculosis, dengue virus, and cholera exploit the endo-lysosomal trafficking system of host cells for penetration into the cytosol and replication. Defects in endo-lysosomal maturation, trafficking, fusion, or pH homeostasis can efficiently reduce the cytotoxicity caused by these pathogens. Most of these functions critically depend on endo-lysosomal membrane proteins such as transporters and ion channels. In particular, cation channels such as the mucolipins (TRPMLs) or the two-pore channels (TPCs) are involved in all of these aspects of endo-lysosomal integrity. In this review we will discuss the correlations between pathogen toxicity and endo-lysosomal cation channel function, and their potential as drug targets for infectious disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Chao
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
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Scotto Rosato A, Montefusco S, Soldati C, Di Paola S, Capuozzo A, Monfregola J, Polishchuk E, Amabile A, Grimm C, Lombardo A, De Matteis MA, Ballabio A, Medina DL. TRPML1 links lysosomal calcium to autophagosome biogenesis through the activation of the CaMKKβ/VPS34 pathway. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5630. [PMID: 31822666 PMCID: PMC6904751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1, whose mutations cause the lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), contributes to upregulate autophagic genes by inducing the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB). Here we show that TRPML1 activation also induces autophagic vesicle (AV) biogenesis through the generation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) and the recruitment of essential PI3P-binding proteins to the nascent phagophore in a TFEB-independent manner. Thus, TRPML1 activation of phagophore formation requires the calcium-dependent kinase CaMKKβ and AMPK, which increase the activation of ULK1 and VPS34 autophagic protein complexes. Consistently, cells from MLIV patients show a reduced recruitment of PI3P-binding proteins to the phagophore during autophagy induction, suggesting that altered AV biogenesis is part of the pathological features of this disease. Together, we show that TRPML1 is a multistep regulator of autophagy that may be targeted for therapeutic purposes to treat LSDs and other autophagic disorders. It was known that prolonged TRMPL1 activation induces TFEB translocation and upregulates autophagic gene regulation. Here, the authors show that acute TRMPL1 activation also induces autophagy through VPS34 and by lysosomal calcium release independent of TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scotto Rosato
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - S Montefusco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - C Soldati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - S Di Paola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Capuozzo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - J Monfregola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - E Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Amabile
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - C Grimm
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - A Lombardo
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - M A De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - A Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - D L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy. .,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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40
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The Interplay between Ca 2+ Signaling Pathways and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236004. [PMID: 31795242 PMCID: PMC6928941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is essential for cell maintenance since this ion participates in many physiological processes. For example, the spatial and temporal organization of Ca2+ signaling in the central nervous system is fundamental for neurotransmission, where local changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration are needed to transmit information from neuron to neuron, between neurons and glia, and even regulating local blood flow according to the required activity. However, under pathological conditions, Ca2+ homeostasis is altered, with increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations leading to the activation of proteases, lipases, and nucleases. This review aimed to highlight the role of Ca2+ signaling in neurodegenerative disease-related apoptosis, where the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis depends on coordinated interactions between the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes, as well as specific transport mechanisms. In neurodegenerative diseases, alterations-increased oxidative stress, energy metabolism alterations, and protein aggregation have been identified. The aggregation of α-synuclein, β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), and huntingtin all adversely affect Ca2+ homeostasis. Due to the mounting evidence for the relevance of Ca2+ signaling in neuroprotection, we would focus on the expression and function of Ca2+ signaling-related proteins, in terms of the effects on autophagy regulation and the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Wu M, Li X, Zhang T, Liu Z, Zhao Y. Identification of a Nine-Gene Signature and Establishment of a Prognostic Nomogram Predicting Overall Survival of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:996. [PMID: 31612115 PMCID: PMC6776930 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal and aggressive with increasing trend of mortality in both genders. An effective prediction model is needed to assess prognosis of patients for optimization of treatment. Materials and Methods: Seven datasets of mRNA expression and clinical data were obtained from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Level 3 mRNA expression and clinicopathological data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PAAD) dataset. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pancreatic tumor and normal tissue were identified by integrated analysis of multiple GEO datasets. Univariate and Lasso Cox regression analyses were applied to identify overall survival-related DEGs and establish a prognostic gene signature whose performance was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Harrell's concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve. GSE62452 and GSE57495 were used for external validation. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and tumor immunity analysis were applied to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and immune relevance. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors in pancreatic cancer. Finally, a prognostic nomogram was established based on the TCGA PAAD dataset. Results: A nine-gene signature comprising MET, KLK10, COL17A1, CEP55, ANKRD22, ITGB6, ARNTL2, MCOLN3, and SLC25A45 was established to predict overall survival of pancreatic cancer. The ROC curve and C-index indicated good performance of the nine-gene signature at predicting overall survival in the TCGA dataset and external validation datasets relative to classic AJCC staging. The nine-gene signature could classify patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct overall survival and differentiate tumor from normal tissue. Univariate Cox regression revealed that the nine-gene signature was an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. The nomogram incorporating the gene signature and clinical prognostic factors was superior to AJCC staging in predicting overall survival. The high-risk group was enriched with multiple oncological signatures and aggressiveness-related pathways and associated with significantly lower levels of CD4+ T cell infiltration. Conclusion: Our study identified a nine-gene signature and established a prognostic nomogram that reliably predict overall survival in pancreatic cancer. The findings may be beneficial to therapeutic customization and medical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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MCOLN1 Promotes Proliferation and Predicts Poor Survival of Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:9436047. [PMID: 31481985 PMCID: PMC6701426 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9436047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background MCOLN1 (mucolipin subfamily, member 1) was first identified as an autophagic regulator, which was essential for efficient fusion of both autophagosomes and late endosomes with lysosomes. This study is aimed at investigating the role of MCOLN1 in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was conducted to evaluate the expression level of MCOLN1 in 82 human PDAC tumor tissues. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) analysis was performed to assess the prognosis of patients. Colony formation and MTT assays [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide] were performed to measure the proliferation capacity of tumor cells. The expression level of related genes was measured by RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and western blot assays. The animal model was used to examine the effects of indicated protein on tumorigenesis in vivo. Results The results of IHC showed that a high level of MCOLN1 expression was associated with the poor clinical characteristics of PDAC patients. OS and RFS were significantly worse in patients with high MCOLN1 expression. Silencing of MCOLN1 dramatically blocked the proliferation of PDAC cells. Mechanism studies confirmed that knockdown of MCOLN1 decreased the expression of Ki67 and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), two markers of cell proliferation. In vivo, MCOILN1 depletion reduced the formation and growth of tumors in mice. Conclusion The high level of MCOLN1 expression was associated with poor clinical outcomes of PDAC patients. MCOLN1 ablation could inhibit PDAC proliferation of both in vitro and in vivo, which provide a new insight and novel therapeutic target for the treatment of PDAC.
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Krogsaeter EK, Biel M, Wahl-Schott C, Grimm C. The protein interaction networks of mucolipins and two-pore channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1111-1123. [PMID: 30395881 PMCID: PMC7111325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endolysosomal, non-selective cation channels, two-pore channels (TPCs) and mucolipins (TRPMLs), regulate intracellular membrane dynamics and autophagy. While partially compensatory for each other, isoform-specific intracellular distribution, cell-type expression patterns, and regulatory mechanisms suggest different channel isoforms confer distinct properties to the cell. SCOPE OF REVIEW Briefly, established TPC/TRPML functions and interaction partners ('interactomes') are discussed. Novel TRPML3 interactors are shown, and a meta-analysis of experimentally obtained channel interactomes conducted. Accordingly, interactomes are compared and contrasted, and subsequently described in detail for TPC1, TPC2, TRPML1, and TRPML3. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS TPC interactomes are well-defined, encompassing intracellular membrane organisation proteins. TRPML interactomes are varied, encompassing cardiac contractility- and chaperone-mediated autophagy proteins, alongside regulators of intercellular signalling. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Comprising recently proposed targets to treat cancers, infections, metabolic disease and neurodegeneration, the advancement of TPC/TRPML understanding is of considerable importance. This review proposes novel directions elucidating TPC/TRPML relevance in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: ECS Meeting edited by Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs and Jacques Haiech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar K Krogsaeter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich (LMU) Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Christian Wahl-Schott
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Neurophysiology, OE 4230, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich (LMU) Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich.
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44
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Yu S, Huang S, Ding Y, Wang W, Wang A, Lu Y. Transient receptor potential ion-channel subfamily V member 4: a potential target for cancer treatment. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:497. [PMID: 31235786 PMCID: PMC6591233 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ion-channel superfamily consists of nonselective cation channels located mostly on the plasma membranes of numerous animal cell types, which are closely related to sensory information transmission (e.g., vision, pain, and temperature perception), as well as regulation of intracellular Ca2+ balance and physiological activities of growth and development. Transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily V (TRPV) is one of the largest and most diverse subfamilies, including TRPV1-TRPV6 involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. TRPV4 can be activated by various physical and chemical stimuli, such as heat, mechanical force, and phorbol ester derivatives participating in the maintenance of normal cellular functions. In recent years, the roles of TRPV4 in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration have been extensively studied. Its abnormal expression has also been closely related to the onset and progression of multiple tumors, so TRPV4 may be a target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focused on the latest studies concerning the role of TRPV4 in tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential. As evidenced by the effects on cancerogenesis, TRPV4 is a potential target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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45
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Hu YX, Han XS, Jing Q. Ca(2+) Ion and Autophagy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1206:151-166. [PMID: 31776984 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Controlled by a strict mechanism, intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) is closely related to various cellular activities, including the regulation of autophagy. Researchers believed that under normal or stress state, Ca(2+) has a positive or negative regulation effect on autophagy, the mechanisms of which are different. This bidirectional role of Ca(2+), promotive or suppressing in the regulation of autophagy under different conditions remains controversial, so as the potential mechanisms. Several studies reported that Ca(2+) promotes autophagy through plenty of ways, like inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and beclin1 pathway, calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase beta (CaMKKβ)-AMPK-mTOR pathway, mitochondrial energy metabolism-related Ca(2+) uptake, lysosome's regulation of Ca(2+) signal, and so on. Others thought Ca(2+) may inhibit autophagy through IP3R and beclin1-Bcl-2 complex and the AMPK-mTOR pathway, either. It seems to be still a long way to thoroughly understand the truth of Ca(2+) and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Xi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Han
- CAS Key Lab of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing Jing
- CAS Key Lab of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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46
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Endolysosomal Ca 2+ Signalling and Cancer Hallmarks: Two-Pore Channels on the Move, TRPML1 Lags Behind! Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010027. [PMID: 30591696 PMCID: PMC6356888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidic vesicles of the endolysosomal (EL) system are emerging as an intracellular Ca2+ store implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular functions. The EL Ca2+ store releases Ca2+ through a variety of Ca2+-permeable channels, including Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Mucolipin 1-3 (TRPML1-3) and two-pore channels 1-2 (TPC1-2), whereas EL Ca2+ refilling is sustained by the proton gradient across the EL membrane and/or by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). EL Ca2+ signals may be either spatially restricted to control vesicle trafficking, autophagy and membrane repair or may be amplified into a global Ca2+ signal through the Ca2+-dependent recruitment of ER-embedded channels. Emerging evidence suggested that nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP)-gated TPCs sustain multiple cancer hallmarks, such as migration, invasiveness and angiogenesis. Herein, we first survey the EL Ca2+ refilling and release mechanisms and then focus on the oncogenic role of EL Ca2+ signaling. While the evidence in favor of TRPML1 involvement in neoplastic transformation is yet to be clearly provided, TPCs are emerging as an alternative target for anticancer therapies.
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47
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Plesch E, Chen CC, Butz E, Scotto Rosato A, Krogsaeter EK, Yinan H, Bartel K, Keller M, Robaa D, Teupser D, Holdt LM, Vollmar AM, Sippl W, Puertollano R, Medina D, Biel M, Wahl-Schott C, Bracher F, Grimm C. Selective agonist of TRPML2 reveals direct role in chemokine release from innate immune cells. eLife 2018; 7:39720. [PMID: 30479274 PMCID: PMC6257821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and chemokines are produced and secreted by a broad range of immune cells including macrophages. Remarkably, little is known about how these inflammatory mediators are released from the various immune cells. Here, the endolysosomal cation channel TRPML2 is shown to play a direct role in chemokine trafficking and secretion from murine macrophages. To demonstrate acute and direct involvement of TRPML2 in these processes, the first isoform-selective TRPML2 channel agonist was generated, ML2-SA1. ML2-SA1 was not only found to directly stimulate release of the chemokine CCL2 from macrophages but also to stimulate macrophage migration, thus mimicking CCL2 function. Endogenous TRPML2 is expressed in early/recycling endosomes as demonstrated by endolysosomal patch-clamp experimentation and ML2-SA1 promotes trafficking through early/recycling endosomes, suggesting CCL2 being transported and secreted via this pathway. These data provide a direct link between TRPML2 activation, CCL2 release and stimulation of macrophage migration in the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Plesch
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Butz
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Einar K Krogsaeter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hua Yinan
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Keller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Diego Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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48
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Prevarskaya N, Skryma R, Shuba Y. Ion Channels in Cancer: Are Cancer Hallmarks Oncochannelopathies? Physiol Rev 2018; 98:559-621. [PMID: 29412049 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a primary cause and fundamental feature of human cancer. However, all cancer cell genotypes generally translate into several common pathophysiological features, often referred to as cancer hallmarks. Although nowadays the catalog of cancer hallmarks is quite broad, the most common and obvious of them are 1) uncontrolled proliferation, 2) resistance to programmed cell death (apoptosis), 3) tissue invasion and metastasis, and 4) sustained angiogenesis. Among the genes affected by cancer, those encoding ion channels are present. Membrane proteins responsible for signaling within cell and among cells, for coupling of extracellular events with intracellular responses, and for maintaining intracellular ionic homeostasis ion channels contribute to various extents to pathophysiological features of each cancer hallmark. Moreover, tight association of these hallmarks with ion channel dysfunction gives a good reason to classify them as special type of channelopathies, namely oncochannelopathies. Although the relation of cancer hallmarks to ion channel dysfunction differs from classical definition of channelopathies, as disease states causally linked with inherited mutations of ion channel genes that alter channel's biophysical properties, in a broader context of the disease state, to which pathogenesis ion channels essentially contribute, such classification seems absolutely appropriate. In this review the authors provide arguments to substantiate such point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prevarskaya
- INSERM U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer et LABEX, Université Lille1 , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France ; Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, NASU, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
| | - Roman Skryma
- INSERM U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer et LABEX, Université Lille1 , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France ; Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, NASU, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Shuba
- INSERM U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer et LABEX, Université Lille1 , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France ; Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, NASU, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
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Kim SW, Kim DH, Park KS, Kim MK, Park YM, Muallem S, So I, Kim HJ. Palmitoylation controls trafficking of the intracellular Ca 2+ channel MCOLN3/TRPML3 to regulate autophagy. Autophagy 2018; 15:327-340. [PMID: 30215288 PMCID: PMC6333453 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1518671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MCOLN3/TRPML3 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that is expressed in multiple subcellular compartments with dynamic localization. Our previous studies suggest that upon macroautophagy/autophagy induction MCOLN3/TRPML3 is recruited and provides Ca2+ for the fusion process in autophagosome biogenesis. However, how intracellular trafficking and the Ca2+ channel function of MCOLN3/TRPML3 are related to autophagy are not known. Here we report that MCOLN3/TRPML3 undergoes palmitoylation at its C-terminal region, which is required for dynamic trafficking and cellular function of MCOLN3/TRPML3 in autophagy. Palmitoylation regulated MCOLN3/TRPML3 surface expression and trafficking, but not channel properties or localization and function of intracellular MCOLN3/TRPML3. Activation of intracellular MCOLN3/TRPML3 induced robust Ca2+ release, which solely increased autophagy in Ca2+- and palmitoylation-dependent manners. Palmitoylation regulated not only intracellular MCOLN3/TRPML3 trafficking to autophagic structures but also autophagic flux in induced autophagy. Importantly, nutrient starvation activated MCOLN3/TRPML3 to release Ca2+ and increased the level of MCOLN3/TRPML3 palmitoylation. Disruption of MCOLN3/TRPML3 palmitoylation, however, abolished the starvation-induced MCOLN3/TRPML3 activation without affecting channel activity. These results suggest that trafficking and channel function of MCOLN3/TRPML3 are regulated in the context of autophagy, and palmitoylation is a prerequisite for the function of MCOLN3/TRPML3 as a Ca2+ channel in autophagosome formation by controlling its trafficking between subcellular compartments. Abbreviations: 17-ODYA, 17-octadecynoic acid; 2-BP, 2-bromopalmitate; BFA, brefeldin A; DN, dominant-negative; GPN, glycyl-L-phenylalanine-beta-naphthylamide; HN, hydroxylamine; KD, knockdown; MCOLN3/TRPML3, mucolipin 3; MS, mass spectrometry; PAT, palmitoyl acyltransferase; PM, plasma membrane; WT, wild type; ZDHHC, a zinc-finger motif and an Asp-His-His-Cys sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sun Park
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yun Min Park
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea,CONTACT Hyun Jin Kim Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Insuk So Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Kheradpezhouh E, Zhou FH, Barritt GJ, Rychkov GY. Oxidative stress promotes redistribution of TRPM2 channels to the plasma membrane in hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1891-1896. [PMID: 30075844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin (TRPM) 2 is a non-selective Ca2+ permeable cation channel and a member of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel family. TRPM2 has unique gating properties; it is activated by intracellular ADP-ribose (ADPR), whereas Ca2+ plays a role of an important co-factor in channel activation, increasing TRPM2 sensitivity to ADPR. TRPM2 is highly expressed in rat and mouse hepatocytes, where it has been shown to contribute to oxidative stress-induced cell death and liver damage due to paracetamol-overdose. The mechanisms regulating the activity of TRPM2 channels in hepatocytes, however, are not well understood. In this paper, we investigate the localisation of TRPM2 protein in hepatocytes. The presented results demonstrate that in rat hepatocytes under normal conditions, most of the TRPM2 protein is localised intracellularly. This was determined by confocal microscopy using TRPM2-and plasma membrane (PM)-specific antibodies and immunofluorescence, and biotinylation studies followed by western blotting. Interestingly, in hepatocytes treated with either H2O2 or paracetamol, the amount of TRPM2 co-localised with PM is significantly increased, compared to the untreated cells. It is concluded that trafficking of TRPM2 to the PM could potentially contribute to a positive feedback mechanism mediating Ca2+ overload in hepatocytes under conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Kheradpezhouh
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Research, Australian National University Node, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia.
| | - Fiona H Zhou
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Greg J Barritt
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Grigori Y Rychkov
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia.
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