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Jaykumar AB, Binns D, Taylor CA, Anselmo A, Birnbaum SG, Huber KM, Cobb MH. WNKs regulate mouse behavior and alter central nervous system glucose uptake and insulin signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.09.598125. [PMID: 38915673 PMCID: PMC11195145 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.09.598125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Certain areas of the brain involved in episodic memory and behavior, such as the hippocampus, express high levels of insulin receptors and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and are responsive to insulin. Insulin and neuronal glucose metabolism improve cognitive functions and regulate mood in humans. Insulin-dependent GLUT4 trafficking has been extensively studied in muscle and adipose tissue, but little work has demonstrated either how it is controlled in insulin-responsive brain regions or its mechanistic connection to cognitive functions. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of WNK (With-No-lysine (K)) kinases improves learning and memory in mice. Neuronal inhibition of WNK enhances in vivo hippocampal glucose uptake. Inhibition of WNK enhances insulin signaling output and insulin-dependent GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane in mice primary neuronal cultures and hippocampal slices. Therefore, we propose that the extent of neuronal WNK kinase activity has an important influence on learning, memory and anxiety-related behaviors, in part, by modulation of neuronal insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita B. Jaykumar
- Departments of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Derk Binns
- Departments of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Clinton A. Taylor
- Departments of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Anthony Anselmo
- Departments of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Shari G. Birnbaum
- Departments of Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | | - Melanie H. Cobb
- Departments of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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2
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Geiser A, Foylan S, Tinning PW, Bryant NJ, Gould GW. GLUT4 dispersal at the plasma membrane of adipocytes: a super-resolved journey. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230946. [PMID: 37791639 PMCID: PMC10600063 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In adipose tissue, insulin stimulates glucose uptake by mediating the translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. In 2010, insulin was revealed to also have a fundamental impact on the spatial distribution of GLUT4 within the plasma membrane, with the existence of two GLUT4 populations at the plasma membrane being defined: (1) as stationary clusters and (2) as diffusible monomers. In this model, in the absence of insulin, plasma membrane-fused GLUT4 are found to behave as clusters. These clusters are thought to arise from exocytic events that retain GLUT4 at their fusion sites; this has been proposed to function as an intermediate hub between GLUT4 exocytosis and re-internalisation. By contrast, insulin stimulation induces the dispersal of GLUT4 clusters into monomers and favours a distinct type of GLUT4-vesicle fusion event, known as fusion-with-release exocytosis. Here, we review how super-resolution microscopy approaches have allowed investigation of the characteristics of plasma membrane-fused GLUT4 and further discuss regulatory step(s) involved in the GLUT4 dispersal machinery, introducing the scaffold protein EFR3 which facilitates localisation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type IIIα (PI4KIIIα) to the cell surface. We consider how dispersal may be linked to the control of transporter activity, consider whether macro-organisation may be a widely used phenomenon to control proteins within the plasma membrane, and speculate on the origin of different forms of GLUT4-vesicle exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Geiser
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Shannan Foylan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Peter W Tinning
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Nia J Bryant
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, U.K
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
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3
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Hatakeyama H, Kanzaki M. Protocol for preparing sensor molecules and analyzing heterotypic endomembrane fusion in insulin-responsive cells using live-cell imaging. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101726. [PMID: 36170109 PMCID: PMC9526234 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotypic endomembrane fusion between static GLUT4-containing vesicles and traveling transferrin receptor-containing endosomes triggers insulin-responsive translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter. Here, we provide a protocol for preparing BODIPY-based fluorescent sensor molecules allowing detection of heterotypic endomembrane fusion through dequenching via streptavidin-biotin binding and ratiometrically analyzing insulin-responsive events with live-cell imaging. Although this protocol is for evaluating specific fusion processes relating GLUT4 translocation, it is also applicable to assessing other processes so long as sensor molecules can properly label target molecules. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hatakeyama et al. (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Hatakeyama
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan,Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan,Corresponding author
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan,Corresponding author
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4
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Three live-imaging techniques for comprehensively understanding the initial trigger for insulin-responsive intracellular GLUT4 trafficking. iScience 2022; 25:104164. [PMID: 35434546 PMCID: PMC9010770 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative features of GLUT4 glucose transporter's behavior deep inside cells remain largely unknown. Our previous analyses with live-cell imaging of intracellular GLUT4 trafficking demonstrated two crucial early events responsible for triggering insulin-responsive translocation processes, namely, heterotypic fusion and liberation. To quantify the regulation, interrelationships, and dynamics of the initial events more accurately and comprehensively, we herein applied three analyses, each based on our distinct dual-color live-cell imaging approaches. With these approaches, heterotypic fusion was found to be the first trigger for insulin-responsive GLUT4 redistributions, preceding liberation, and to be critically regulated by Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) and actin dynamics. In addition, demonstrating the subcellular regional dependence of GLUT4 dynamics revealed that liberated GLUT4 molecules are promptly incorporated into the trafficking itinerary of transferrin receptors. Our approaches highlight the physiological significance of endosomal "GLUT4 molecule trafficking" rather than "GLUT4 vesicle delivery" to the plasma membrane in response to insulin.
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5
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Fazakerley DJ, Koumanov F, Holman GD. GLUT4 On the move. Biochem J 2022; 479:445-462. [PMID: 35147164 PMCID: PMC8883492 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin rapidly stimulates GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport in fat and muscle cells. Signals from the occupied insulin receptor are translated into downstream signalling changes in serine/threonine kinases within timescales of seconds, and this is followed by delivery and accumulation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. Kinetic studies have led to realisation that there are distinct phases of this stimulation by insulin. There is a rapid initial burst of GLUT4 delivered to the cell surface from a subcellular reservoir compartment and this is followed by a steady-state level of continuing stimulation in which GLUT4 recycles through a large itinerary of subcellular locations. Here, we provide an overview of the phases of insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation and the molecules that are currently considered to activate these trafficking steps. Furthermore, we suggest how use of new experimental approaches together with phospho-proteomic data may help to further identify mechanisms for activation of these trafficking processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Francoise Koumanov
- Department for Health, Centre for Nutrition, Exercise, and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Geoffrey D Holman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, U.K
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6
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Batty SR, Langlais PR. Microtubules in insulin action: what's on the tube? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:776-789. [PMID: 34462181 PMCID: PMC8446328 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MT) have a role in the intracellular response to insulin stimulation and subsequent glucose transport by glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), which resides in specialized storage vesicles that travel through the cell. Before GLUT4 is inserted into the plasma membrane for glucose transport, it undergoes complex trafficking through the cell via the integration of cytoskeletal networks. In this review, we highlight the importance of MT elements in insulin action in adipocytes through a summary of MT depolymerization studies, MT-based GLUT4 movement, molecular motor proteins involved in GLUT4 trafficking, as well as MT-related phenomena in response to insulin and links between insulin action and MT-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar R Batty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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7
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Li DT, Habtemichael EN, Julca O, Sales CI, Westergaard XO, DeVries SG, Ruiz D, Sayal B, Bogan JS. GLUT4 Storage Vesicles: Specialized Organelles for Regulated Trafficking. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:453-470. [PMID: 31543708 PMCID: PMC6747935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Fat and muscle cells contain a specialized, intracellular organelle known as the GLUT4 storage vesicle (GSV). Insulin stimulation mobilizes GSVs, so that these vesicles fuse at the cell surface and insert GLUT4 glucose transporters into the plasma membrane. This example is likely one instance of a broader paradigm for regulated, non-secretory exocytosis, in which intracellular vesicles are translocated in response to diverse extracellular stimuli. GSVs have been studied extensively, yet these vesicles remain enigmatic. Data support the view that in unstimulated cells, GSVs are present as a pool of preformed small vesicles, which are distinct from endosomes and other membrane-bound organelles. In adipocytes, GSVs contain specific cargoes including GLUT4, IRAP, LRP1, and sortilin. They are formed by membrane budding, involving sortilin and probably CHC22 clathrin in humans, but the donor compartment from which these vesicles form remains uncertain. In unstimulated cells, GSVs are trapped by TUG proteins near the endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Insulin signals through two main pathways to mobilize these vesicles. Signaling by the Akt kinase modulates Rab GTPases to target the GSVs to the cell surface. Signaling by the Rho-family GTPase TC10α stimulates Usp25m-mediated TUG cleavage to liberate the vesicles from the Golgi. Cleavage produces a ubiquitin-like protein modifier, TUGUL, that links the GSVs to KIF5B kinesin motors to promote their movement to the cell surface. In obesity, attenuation of these processes results in insulin resistance and contributes to type 2 diabetes and may simultaneously contribute to hypertension and dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don T. Li
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Estifanos N. Habtemichael
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Omar Julca
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Chloe I. Sales
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Xavier O. Westergaard
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Stephen G. DeVries
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Diana Ruiz
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Bhavesh Sayal
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jonathan S. Bogan
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Jonathan S. Bogan, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208020, New Haven, CT 06520-8020; Tel: 203-785-6319; Fax: 203-785-6462;
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8
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Liu G, Ma C, Jin BK, Chen Z, Cheng FL, Zhu JJ. Electrochemiluminescence Investigation of Glucose Transporter 4 Expression at Skeletal Muscle Cells Surface Based on a Graphene Hydrogel Electrode. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3021-3026. [PMID: 30693766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In situ detection of the expression level of cell-surface receptors has become a hotspot study in recent years. We propose in this manuscript a novel strategy for sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) on human skeletal muscle cells (HSMCs). Graphene hydrogel (GH) was selected to fabricate a permeable electrode with the purpose of overcoming the steric hindrance of cells on electrode, which leads to errors in the detection of cell-surface receptors. GLUT4 was labeled with carbon dots (CDs), which generate ECL emission at the interface between GH and cells, so about half the amount of GLUT4 expressed at the cell surface could be determined, which provided an accurate GLUT4 expression quantification. The prepared cytosensor exhibited good analytical performance for HSMC cells, ranging from 500 to 1.0 × 106 cells·mL-1, with a detection limit of 200 cells·mL-1. The average amount of GLUT4 per HSMC cell was calculated to be 1.88 × 105. Furthermore, GLUT4 on HSMC surface had a 2.3-fold increase under the action of insulin. This strategy is capable of evaluating the receptors on the cell surface, which may push the application of ECL for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Bao-Kang Jin
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Fa-Liang Cheng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering , Dongguan University of Technology , Dongguan 523808 , P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
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9
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Hatakeyama H, Morino T, Ishii T, Kanzaki M. Cooperative actions of Tbc1d1 and AS160/Tbc1d4 in GLUT4-trafficking activities. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1161-1172. [PMID: 30482843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AS160 and Tbc1d1 are key Rab GTPase-activating proteins (RabGAPs) that mediate release of static GLUT4 in response to insulin or exercise-mimetic stimuli, respectively, but their cooperative regulation and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. By employing GLUT4 nanometry with cell-based reconstitution models, we herein analyzed the functional cooperative activities of the RabGAPs. When both RabGAPs are present, Tbc1d1 functionally dominates AS160, and stimuli-inducible GLUT4 release relies on Tbc1d1-evoking proximal stimuli, such as AICAR and intracellular Ca2+ Detailed functional assessments with varying expression ratios revealed that AS160 modulates sensitivity to external stimuli in Tbc1d1-mediated GLUT4 release. For example, Tbc1d1-governed GLUT4 release triggered by Ca2+ plus insulin occurred more efficiently than that in cells with little or no AS160. Series of mutational analyses revealed that these synergizing actions rely on the phosphotyrosine-binding 1 (PTB1) and calmodulin-binding domains of Tbc1d1 as well as key phosphorylation sites of both AS160 (Thr642) and Tbc1d1 (Ser237 and Thr596). Thus, the emerging cooperative governance relying on the multiple regulatory nodes of both Tbc1d1 and AS160, functioning together, plays a key role in properly deciphering biochemical signals into a physical GLUT4 release process in response to insulin, exercise, and the two in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Hatakeyama
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Taisuke Morino
- Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishii
- Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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10
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Abstract
Here, we describe protocols for three-dimensional tracking of single quantum dot-conjugated molecules with nanometer accuracy in living cells using conventional fluorescence microscopy. The technique exploits out-of-focus images of single emitters combined with an automated pattern-recognition open-source software that fits the images with proper model functions to extract the emitter coordinates. We describe protocols for targeting quantum dots to both membrane components and cytosolic proteins.
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11
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Hatakeyama H, Kanzaki M. Heterotypic endosomal fusion as an initial trigger for insulin-induced glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2017; 595:5603-5621. [PMID: 28556933 DOI: 10.1113/jp273985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Comprehensive imaging analyses of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) behaviour in mouse skeletal muscle was conducted. Quantum dot-based single molecule nanometry revealed that GLUT4 molecules in skeletal myofibres are governed by regulatory systems involving 'static retention' and 'stimulus-dependent liberation'. Vital imaging analyses and super-resolution microscopy-based morphometry demonstrated that insulin liberates the GLUT4 molecule from its static state by triggering acute heterotypic endomembrane fusion arising from the very small GLUT4-containing vesicles in skeletal myofibres. Prior exposure to exercise-mimetic stimuli potentiated this insulin-responsive endomembrane fusion event involving GLUT4-containing vesicles, suggesting that this endomembranous regulation process is a potential site related to the effects of exercise. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle is the major systemic glucose disposal site. Both insulin and exercise facilitate translocation of the glucose transporter glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) via distinct signalling pathways and exercise also enhances insulin sensitivity. However, the trafficking mechanisms controlling GLUT4 mobilization in skeletal muscle remain poorly understood as a resuly of technical limitations. In the present study, which employs various imaging techniques on isolated skeletal myofibres, we show that one of the initial triggers of insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation is heterotypic endomembrane fusion arising from very small static GLUT4-containing vesicles with a subset of transferrin receptor-containing endosomes. Importantly, pretreatment with exercise-mimetic stimuli potentiated the susceptibility to insulin responsiveness, as indicated by these acute endomembranous activities. We also found that AS160 exhibited stripe-like localization close to sarcomeric α-actinin and that insulin induced a reduction of the stripe-like localization accompanying changes in its detergent solubility. The results of the present study thus provide a conceptual framework indicating that GLUT4 protein trafficking via heterotypic fusion is a critical feature of GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscles and also suggest that the efficacy of the endomembranous fusion process in response to insulin is involved in the benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Hatakeyama
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Pan X, Zaarur N, Singh M, Morin P, Kandror KV. Sortilin and retromer mediate retrograde transport of Glut4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1667-1675. [PMID: 28450454 PMCID: PMC5469609 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-11-0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin is a multiligand sorting receptor responsible for the anterograde transport of lysosomal enzymes and substrates. Here we demonstrate that sortilin is also involved in retrograde protein traffic. In cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, sortilin together with retromer rescues Glut4 from degradation in lysosomes and retrieves it to the TGN, where insulin--responsive vesicles are formed. Mechanistically, the luminal Vps10p domain of sortilin interacts with the first luminal loop of Glut4, and the cytoplasmic tail of sortilin binds to retromer. Ablation of the retromer does not affect insulin signaling but decreases the stability of sortilin and Glut4 and blocks their entry into the small vesicular carriers. As a result, Glut4 cannot reach the insulin-responsive compartment, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes is suppressed. We suggest that sortilin- and retromer-mediated Glut4 retrieval from endosomes may represent a step in the Glut4 pathway vulnerable to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Nava Zaarur
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Maneet Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Peter Morin
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA 01730
| | - Konstantin V Kandror
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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13
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Hatakeyama H, Nakahata Y, Yarimizu H, Kanzaki M. Live-cell single-molecule labeling and analysis of myosin motors with quantum dots. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:173-181. [PMID: 28035048 PMCID: PMC5221621 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are a powerful tool for quantitative biology, but two challenges are associated with using them to track intracellular molecules in live cells. A simple and convenient method is presented for labeling intracellular molecules by using HaloTag technology and electroporation and is used to successfully track myosins within live cells. Quantum dots (QDs) are a powerful tool for quantitatively analyzing dynamic cellular processes by single-particle tracking. However, tracking of intracellular molecules with QDs is limited by their inability to penetrate the plasma membrane and bind to specific molecules of interest. Although several techniques for overcoming these problems have been proposed, they are either complicated or inconvenient. To address this issue, in this study, we developed a simple, convenient, and nontoxic method for labeling intracellular molecules in cells using HaloTag technology and electroporation. We labeled intracellular myosin motors with this approach and tracked their movement within cells. By simultaneously imaging myosin movement and F-actin architecture, we observed that F-actin serves not only as a rail but also as a barrier for myosin movement. We analyzed the effect of insulin on the movement of several myosin motors, which have been suggested to regulate intracellular trafficking of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4, but found no significant enhancement in myosin motor motility as a result of insulin treatment. Our approach expands the repertoire of proteins for which intracellular dynamics can be analyzed at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Hatakeyama
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan .,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakahata
- Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yarimizu
- Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.,Department of Information and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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14
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Vázquez CL, Rodgers A, Herbst S, Coade S, Gronow A, Guzman CA, Wilson MS, Kanzaki M, Nykjaer A, Gutierrez MG. The proneurotrophin receptor sortilin is required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis control by macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29332. [PMID: 27389464 PMCID: PMC4937236 DOI: 10.1038/srep29332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorting of luminal and membrane proteins into phagosomes is critical for the immune function of this organelle. However, little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to the spatiotemporal regulation of this process. Here, we investigated the role of the proneurotrophin receptor sortilin during phagosome maturation and mycobacterial killing. We show that this receptor is acquired by mycobacteria-containing phagosomes via interactions with the adaptor proteins AP-1 and GGAs. Interestingly, the phagosomal association of sortilin is critical for the delivery of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) and required for efficient phagosome maturation. Macrophages from Sort1(-/-) mice are less efficient in restricting the growth of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis. In vivo, Sort1(-/-) mice showed a substantial increase in cellular infiltration of neutrophils in their lungs and higher bacterial burden after infection with M. tuberculosis. Altogether, sortilin defines a pathway required for optimal intracellular mycobacteria control and lung inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina L Vázquez
- Research Group Phagosome Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angela Rodgers
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Susanne Herbst
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Stephen Coade
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Achim Gronow
- Research Group Phagosome Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzman
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maximiliano G Gutierrez
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, NW7 1AA, UK
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Hatakeyama H, Kanzaki M. Development of dual-color simultaneous single molecule imaging system for analyzing multiple intracellular trafficking activities. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2013:1418-21. [PMID: 24109963 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking is a critical process for cell physiology. Previous extensive studies employing biochemical and molecular biological approaches have provided qualitative information about intracellular trafficking, but we have little quantitative information due to technical limitations of these assays. We therefore developed a novel method for quantifying intracellular trafficking based on single molecule imaging with Quantum dot (QD) fluorescent nanocrystals and quantitatively described the trafficking properties of some recycling proteins. We herein first describe how to label intracellular molecules with QD which has no cell permeability and how to quantify intracellular trafficking, and then we detail the development of a novel experimental system allowing multi-color simultaneous single molecule imaging for analyzing the relationships of intracellular trafficking activities among multiple molecules having distinct trafficking properties. Finally, we document how we confirmed the reliability of our system by simultaneously analyzing the intracellular movements of two recycling protein, GLUT4 glucose transporter and transferrin receptor. Since impairment of intracellular trafficking has critical etiological roles in various late-onset diseases such as type 2 diabetes, our novel imaging system may be a powerful tool for developing next-generation biomedical devices for diagnostics and medical treatment based on intracellular trafficking.
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16
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Kioumourtzoglou D, Pryor PR, Gould GW, Bryant NJ. Alternative routes to the cell surface underpin insulin-regulated membrane trafficking of GLUT4. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2423-9. [PMID: 26071524 PMCID: PMC4510850 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.166561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated delivery of glucose transporters (GLUT4, also known as SLC2A4) from specialized intracellular GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) to the surface of fat and muscle cells is central to whole-body glucose regulation. This translocation and subsequent internalization of GLUT4 back into intracellular stores transits through numerous small membrane-bound compartments (internal GLUT4-containing vesicles; IGVs) including GSVs, but the function of these different compartments is not clear. Cellugyrin (also known as synaptogyrin-2) and sortilin define distinct populations of IGV; sortilin-positive IGVs represent GSVs, but the function of cellugyrin-containing IGVs is unknown. Here, we demonstrate a role for cellugyrin in intracellular sequestration of GLUT4 in HeLa cells and have used a proximity ligation assay to follow changes in pairwise associations between cellugyrin, sortilin, GLUT4 and membrane trafficking machinery following insulin-stimulation of 3T3-L1 adipoctyes. Our data suggest that insulin stimulates traffic from cellugyrin-containing to sortilin-containing membranes, and that cellugyrin-containing IGVs provide an insulin-sensitive reservoir to replenish GSVs following insulin-stimulated exocytosis of GLUT4. Furthermore, our data support the existence of a pathway from cellugyrin-containing membranes to the surface of 3T3-L1 adipocytes that bypasses GSVs under basal conditions, and that insulin diverts traffic away from this into GSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kioumourtzoglou
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Paul R Pryor
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nia J Bryant
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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17
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Duodenal-jejunal exclusion improves insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats by upregulating the hepatic insulin signaling pathway. Nutrition 2015; 31:733-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Au CE, Hermo L, Byrne E, Smirle J, Fazel A, Simon PHG, Kearney RE, Cameron PH, Smith CE, Vali H, Fernandez-Rodriguez J, Ma K, Nilsson T, Bergeron JJM. Expression, sorting, and segregation of Golgi proteins during germ cell differentiation in the testis. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4015-32. [PMID: 25808494 PMCID: PMC4710233 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 1318 proteins characterized in the male germ cell Golgi apparatus reveal a new germ cell–specific Golgi marker and a new pan-Golgi marker for all cells. The localization of these and other Golgi proteins reveals differential expression linked to mitosis, meiosis, acrosome formation, and postacrosome Golgi migration and destination in the late spermatid. The molecular basis of changes in structure, cellular location, and function of the Golgi apparatus during male germ cell differentiation is unknown. To deduce cognate Golgi proteins, we isolated germ cell Golgi fractions, and 1318 proteins were characterized, with 20 localized in situ. The most abundant protein, GL54D of unknown function, is characterized as a germ cell–specific Golgi-localized type II integral membrane glycoprotein. TM9SF3, also of unknown function, was revealed to be a universal Golgi marker for both somatic and germ cells. During acrosome formation, several Golgi proteins (GBF1, GPP34, GRASP55) localize to both the acrosome and Golgi, while GL54D, TM9SF3, and the Golgi trafficking protein TMED7/p27 are segregated from the acrosome. After acrosome formation, GL54D, TM9SF3, TMED4/p25, and TMED7/p27 continue to mark Golgi identity as it migrates away from the acrosome, while the others (GBF1, GPP34, GRASP55) remain in the acrosome and are progressively lost in later steps of differentiation. Cytoplasmic HSP70.2 and the endoplasmic reticulum luminal protein-folding enzyme PDILT are also Golgi recruited but only during acrosome formation. This resource identifies abundant Golgi proteins that are expressed differentially during mitosis, meiosis, and postacrosome Golgi migration, including the last step of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Au
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Louis Hermo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Elliot Byrne
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Smirle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Ali Fazel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Paul H G Simon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Robert E Kearney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Pamela H Cameron
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Charles E Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Julia Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Centre for Cellular Imaging, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kewei Ma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Tommy Nilsson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - John J M Bergeron
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
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19
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Govers R. Molecular mechanisms of GLUT4 regulation in adipocytes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 40:400-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Ramalingam L, Yoder SM, Oh E, Thurmond DC. Munc18c: a controversial regulator of peripheral insulin action. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:601-8. [PMID: 25028245 PMCID: PMC4253632 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, a hallmark of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), arises from dysfunction of insulin action and subsequent glucose uptake by peripheral tissues, predominantly skeletal muscle and fat. Exocytosis of glucose transporter (GLUT4)-containing vesicles facilitated by soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment receptor (SNARE) protein isoforms, and Munc18c (mammalian homolog of Unc-18c) mediates this glucose uptake. Emerging evidences, including recent human clinical studies, point to pivotal roles for Munc18c in peripheral insulin action in adipose and skeletal muscle. Intriguing new advances are also initiating debates regarding the molecular mechanism(s) controlling Munc18c action. The objective of this review is therefore to present a balanced perspective of new continuities and controversies surrounding the regulation and requirement for Munc18c in the regulation of peripheral insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Stephanie M Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Eunjin Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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21
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Ostrovidov S, Hosseini V, Ahadian S, Fujie T, Parthiban SP, Ramalingam M, Bae H, Kaji H, Khademhosseini A. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering: methods to form skeletal myotubes and their applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2014; 20:403-36. [PMID: 24320971 PMCID: PMC4193686 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) aims to repair or regenerate defective skeletal muscle tissue lost by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, or muscular disease. However, two decades after the introduction of SMTE, the engineering of functional skeletal muscle in the laboratory still remains a great challenge, and numerous techniques for growing functional muscle tissues are constantly being developed. This article reviews the recent findings regarding the methodology and various technical aspects of SMTE, including cell alignment and differentiation. We describe the structure and organization of muscle and discuss the methods for myoblast alignment cultured in vitro. To better understand muscle formation and to enhance the engineering of skeletal muscle, we also address the molecular basics of myogenesis and discuss different methods to induce myoblast differentiation into myotubes. We then provide an overview of different coculture systems involving skeletal muscle cells, and highlight major applications of engineered skeletal muscle tissues. Finally, potential challenges and future research directions for SMTE are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ostrovidov
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samad Ahadian
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Murugan Ramalingam
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore, India
| | - Hojae Bae
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Brewer PD, Habtemichael EN, Romenskaia I, Mastick CC, Coster ACF. Insulin-regulated Glut4 translocation: membrane protein trafficking with six distinctive steps. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17280-98. [PMID: 24778187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.555714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The trafficking kinetics of Glut4, the transferrin (Tf) receptor, and LRP1 were quantified in adipocytes and undifferentiated fibroblasts. Six steps were identified that determine steady state cell surface Glut4: (i) endocytosis, (ii) degradation, (iii) sorting, (iv) sequestration, (v) release, and (vi) tethering/docking/fusion. Endocytosis of Glut4 is 3 times slower than the Tf receptor in fibroblasts (ken = 0.2 min(-1) versus 0.6 min(-1)). Differentiation decreases Glut4 ken 40% (ken = 0.12 min(-1)). Differentiation also decreases Glut4 degradation, increasing total and cell surface Glut4 3-fold. In fibroblasts, Glut4 is recycled from endosomes through a slow constitutive pathway (kex = 0.025-0.038 min(-1)), not through the fast Tf receptor pathway (kex = 0.2 min(-1)). The kex measured in adipocytes after insulin stimulation is similar (kex = 0.027 min(-1)). Differentiation decreases the rate constant for sorting into the Glut4 recycling pathway (ksort) 3-fold. In adipocytes, Glut4 is also sorted from endosomes into a second exocytic pathway through Glut4 storage vesicles (GSVs). Surprisingly, transfer from endosomes into GSVs is highly regulated; insulin increases the rate constant for sequestration (kseq) 8-fold. Release from sequestration in GSVs is rate-limiting for Glut4 exocytosis in basal adipocytes. AS160 regulates this step. Tethering/docking/fusion of GSVs to the plasma membrane is regulated through an AS160-independent process. Insulin increases the rate of release and fusion of GSVs (kfuseG) 40-fold. LRP1 cycles with the Tf receptor and Glut4 in fibroblasts but predominantly with Glut4 after differentiation. Surprisingly, AS160 knockdown accelerated LRP1 exocytosis in basal and insulin-stimulated adipocytes. These data indicate that AS160 may regulate trafficking into as well as release from GSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Duffield Brewer
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Estifanos N Habtemichael
- the Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, and
| | - Irina Romenskaia
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Cynthia Corley Mastick
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557,
| | - Adelle C F Coster
- the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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23
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Insulin stimulates syntaxin4 SNARE complex assembly via a novel regulatory mechanism. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1271-9. [PMID: 24469400 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01203-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose transport into fat and muscle cells by increasing the exocytic trafficking rate of the GLUT4 facilitative glucose transporter from intracellular stores to the plasma membrane. Delivery of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane is mediated by formation of functional SNARE complexes containing syntaxin4, SNAP23, and VAMP2. Here we have used an in situ proximity ligation assay to integrate these two observations by demonstrating for the first time that insulin stimulation causes an increase in syntaxin4-containing SNARE complex formation in adipocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that insulin brings about this increase in SNARE complex formation by mobilizing a pool of syntaxin4 held in an inactive state under basal conditions. Finally, we have identified phosphorylation of the regulatory protein Munc18c, a direct target of the insulin receptor, as a molecular switch to coordinate this process. Hence, this report provides molecular detail of how the cell alters membrane traffic in response to an external stimulus, in this case, insulin.
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24
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Abstract
GLUT4 is regulated by its intracellular localization. In the absence of insulin, GLUT4 is efficiently retained intracellularly within storage compartments in muscle and fat cells. Upon insulin stimulation (and contraction in muscle), GLUT4 translocates from these compartments to the cell surface where it transports glucose from the extracellular milieu into the cell. Its implication in insulin-regulated glucose uptake makes GLUT4 not only a key player in normal glucose homeostasis but also an important element in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, how GLUT4 is retained intracellularly and how insulin acts on this retention mechanism is largely unclear. In this review, the current knowledge regarding the various molecular processes that govern GLUT4 physiology is discussed as well as the questions that remain.
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25
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Ma J, Nakagawa Y, Kojima I, Shibata H. Prolonged insulin stimulation down-regulates GLUT4 through oxidative stress-mediated retromer inhibition by a protein kinase CK2-dependent mechanism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:133-42. [PMID: 24240093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.533240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although insulin acutely stimulates glucose uptake by promotion of GLUT4 translocation from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane in adipocytes and muscles, long term insulin stimulation causes GLUT4 depletion that is particularly prominent in the insulin-responsive GLUT4 storage compartment. This effect is caused mainly by accelerated lysosomal degradation of GLUT4, although the mechanism is not fully defined. Here we show that insulin acutely induced dissociation of retromer components from the low density microsomal membranes of 3T3-L1 adipocytes that was accompanied by disruption of the interaction of Vps35 with sortilin. This insulin effect was dependent on the activity of protein kinase CK2 but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Knockdown of Vps26 decreased GLUT4 to a level comparable with that with insulin stimulation for 4 h. Vps35 with a mutation in the CK2 phosphorylation motif (Vps35-S7A) was resistant to insulin-induced dissociation from the low density microsomal membrane, and its overexpression attenuated GLUT4 down-regulation with insulin. Furthermore, insulin-generated hydrogen peroxide was an upstream mediator of the insulin action on retromer and GLUT4. These results suggested that insulin-generated oxidative stress switches the GLUT4 sorting direction to lysosomes through inhibition of the retromer function in a CK2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Ma
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
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26
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Huang G, Buckler-Pena D, Nauta T, Singh M, Asmar A, Shi J, Kim JY, Kandror KV. Insulin responsiveness of glucose transporter 4 in 3T3-L1 cells depends on the presence of sortilin. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:3115-22. [PMID: 23966466 PMCID: PMC3784384 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-10-0765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-dependent translocation of Glut4 to the plasma membrane of fat and skeletal muscle cells plays the key role in postprandial clearance of blood glucose. In undifferentiated cells, insulin responsiveness of Glut4 depends on the presence of sortilin, whereas sortilin responds to insulin regardless of Glut4 expression. Insulin-dependent translocation of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) to the plasma membrane of fat and skeletal muscle cells plays the key role in postprandial clearance of blood glucose. Glut4 represents the major cell-specific component of the insulin-responsive vesicles (IRVs). It is not clear, however, whether the presence of Glut4 in the IRVs is essential for their ability to respond to insulin stimulation. We prepared two lines of 3T3-L1 cells with low and high expression of myc7-Glut4 and studied its translocation to the plasma membrane upon insulin stimulation, using fluorescence-assisted cell sorting and cell surface biotinylation. In undifferentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, translocation of myc7-Glut4 was low regardless of its expression levels. Coexpression of sortilin increased targeting of myc7-Glut4 to the IRVs, and its insulin responsiveness rose to the maximal levels observed in fully differentiated adipocytes. Sortilin ectopically expressed in undifferentiated cells was translocated to the plasma membrane regardless of the presence or absence of myc7-Glut4. AS160/TBC1D4 is expressed at low levels in preadipocytes but is induced in differentiation and provides an additional mechanism for the intracellular retention and insulin-stimulated release of Glut4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanrong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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27
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Löffler MG, Birkenfeld AL, Philbrick KM, Belman JP, Habtemichael EN, Booth CJ, Castorena CM, Choi CS, Jornayvaz FR, Gassaway BM, Lee HY, Cartee GD, Philbrick W, Shulman GI, Samuel VT, Bogan JS. Enhanced fasting glucose turnover in mice with disrupted action of TUG protein in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:20135-50. [PMID: 23744065 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.458075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in part by causing endoproteolytic cleavage of TUG (tether containing a ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain for glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)). Cleavage liberates intracellularly sequestered GLUT4 glucose transporters for translocation to the cell surface. To test the role of this regulation in muscle, we used mice with muscle-specific transgenic expression of a truncated TUG fragment, UBX-Cter. This fragment causes GLUT4 translocation in unstimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We predicted that transgenic mice would have GLUT4 translocation in muscle during fasting. UBX-Cter expression caused depletion of PIST (PDZ domain protein interacting specifically with TC10), which transmits an insulin signal to TUG. Whereas insulin stimulated TUG proteolysis in control muscles, proteolysis was constitutive in transgenic muscles. Fasting transgenic mice had decreased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations compared with controls. Whole-body glucose turnover was increased during fasting but not during hyperinsulinemic clamp studies. In muscles with the greatest UBX-Cter expression, 2-deoxyglucose uptake during fasting was similar to that in control muscles during hyperinsulinemic clamp studies. Fasting transgenic mice had increased muscle glycogen, and GLUT4 targeting to T-tubule fractions was increased 5.7-fold. Whole-body oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and energy expenditure were increased by 12-13%. After 3 weeks on a high fat diet, the decreased fasting plasma glucose in transgenic mice compared with controls was more marked, and increased glucose turnover was not observed; the transgenic mice continued to have an increased metabolic rate. We conclude that insulin stimulates TUG proteolysis to translocate GLUT4 in muscle, that this pathway impacts systemic glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism, and that the effects of activating this pathway are maintained during high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Löffler
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8020, USA
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28
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Single quantum dot tracking reveals that an individual multivalent HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain can activate machinery for lateral transport and endocytosis. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3036-49. [PMID: 23732912 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01717-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the cellular entry of the HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain (TatP) and the molecular information necessary to improve the transduction efficiency of TatP remain unclear due to the technical limitations for direct visualization of TatP's behavior in cells. Using confocal microscopy, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and four-dimensional microscopy, we developed a single-molecule tracking assay for TatP labeled with quantum dots (QDs) to examine the kinetics of TatP initially and immediately before, at the beginning of, and immediately after entry into living cells. We report that even when the number of multivalent TatP (mTatP)-QDs bound to a cell was low, each single mTatP-QD first locally induced the cell's lateral transport machinery to move the mTatP-QD toward the center of the cell body upon cross-linking of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The centripetal and lateral movements were linked to the integrity and flow of actomyosin and microtubules. Individual mTatP underwent lipid raft-mediated temporal confinement, followed by complete immobilization, which ultimately led to endocytotic internalization. However, bivalent TatP did not sufficiently promote either cell surface movement or internalization. Together, these findings provide clues regarding the mechanisms of TatP cell entry and indicate that increasing the valence of TatP on nanoparticles allows them to behave as cargo delivery nanomachines.
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Duodenal–Jejunal Bypass Surgery Up-Regulates the Expression of the Hepatic Insulin Signaling Proteins and the Key Regulatory Enzymes of Intestinal Gluconeogenesis in Diabetic Goto–Kakizaki Rats. Obes Surg 2013; 23:1734-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-0985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Lizunov VA, Stenkula K, Troy A, Cushman SW, Zimmerberg J. Insulin regulates Glut4 confinement in plasma membrane clusters in adipose cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57559. [PMID: 23520472 PMCID: PMC3592853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated delivery of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane (PM) is the hallmark of glucose metabolism. In this study we examined insulin’s effects on GLUT4 organization in PM of adipose cells by direct microscopic observation of single monomers tagged with photoswitchable fluorescent protein. In the basal state, after exocytotic delivery only a fraction of GLUT4 is dispersed into the PM as monomers, while most of the GLUT4 stays at the site of fusion and forms elongated clusters (60–240 nm). GLUT4 monomers outside clusters diffuse freely and do not aggregate with other monomers. In contrast, GLUT4 molecule collision with an existing cluster can lead to immediate confinement and association with that cluster. Insulin has three effects: it shifts the fraction of dispersed GLUT4 upon delivery, it augments the dissociation of GLUT4 monomers from clusters ∼3-fold and it decreases the rate of endocytic uptake. All together these three effects of insulin shift most of the PM GLUT4 from clustered to dispersed states. GLUT4 confinement in clusters represents a novel kinetic mechanism for insulin regulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Lizunov
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karin Stenkula
- Experimental Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aaron Troy
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Samuel W. Cushman
- Experimental Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hatakeyama H, Kanzaki M. Regulatory mode shift of Tbc1d1 is required for acquisition of insulin-responsive GLUT4-trafficking activity. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:809-17. [PMID: 23325788 PMCID: PMC3596251 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-10-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tbc1d1 is involved in AICAR-dependent GLUT4 liberation. Tbc1d1 acquires temporal insulin responsiveness with AICAR pretreatment. This shift in regulatory mode requires Ser- 237 phosphorylation and the PTB1 domain. PTB1 mutants exhibit no shift in regulatory mode and thus no insulin responsiveness. Tbc1d1 is key to skeletal muscle GLUT4 regulation. By using GLUT4 nanometry combined with a cell-based reconstitution model, we uncover a shift in the regulatory mode of Tbc1d1 by showing that Tbc1d1 temporally acquires insulin responsiveness, which triggers GLUT4 trafficking only after an exercise-mimetic stimulus such as aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) pretreatment. The functional acquisition of insulin responsiveness requires Ser-237 phosphorylation and an intact phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) 1 domain. Mutations in PTB1, including R125W (a natural mutant), thus result in complete loss of insulin-responsiveness acquisition, whereas AICAR-responsive GLUT4-liberation activity remains intact. Thus our data provide novel insights into temporal acquisition/memorization of Tbc1d1 insulin responsiveness, relying on the PTB1 domain, possibly a key factor in the beneficial effects of exercise on muscle insulin potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Hatakeyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Kasai H, Takahashi N, Tokumaru H. Distinct Initial SNARE Configurations Underlying the Diversity of Exocytosis. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1915-64. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of exocytosis are diverse and have been optimized for the functions of synapses and a wide variety of cell types. For example, the kinetics of exocytosis varies by more than five orders of magnitude between ultrafast exocytosis in synaptic vesicles and slow exocytosis in large dense-core vesicles. However, in all cases, exocytosis is mediated by the same fundamental mechanism, i.e., the assembly of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins. It is often assumed that vesicles need to be docked at the plasma membrane and SNARE proteins must be preassembled before exocytosis is triggered. However, this model cannot account for the dynamics of exocytosis recently reported in synapses and other cells. For example, vesicles undergo exocytosis without prestimulus docking during tonic exocytosis of synaptic vesicles in the active zone. In addition, epithelial and hematopoietic cells utilize cAMP and kinases to trigger slow exocytosis of nondocked vesicles. In this review, we summarize the manner in which the diversity of exocytosis reflects the initial configurations of SNARE assembly, including trans-SNARE, binary-SNARE, unitary-SNARE, and cis-SNARE configurations. The initial SNARE configurations depend on the particular SNARE subtype (syntaxin, SNAP25, or VAMP), priming proteins (Munc18, Munc13, CAPS, complexin, or snapin), triggering proteins (synaptotagmins, Doc2, and various protein kinases), and the submembraneous cytomatrix, and they are the key to determining the kinetics of subsequent exocytosis. These distinct initial configurations will help us clarify the common SNARE assembly processes underlying exocytosis and membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Kasai
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumaru
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
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