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Gopaldass N, Chen KE, Collins B, Mayer A. Assembly and fission of tubular carriers mediating protein sorting in endosomes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00746-8. [PMID: 38886588 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Endosomes are central protein-sorting stations at the crossroads of numerous membrane trafficking pathways in all eukaryotes. They have a key role in protein homeostasis and cellular signalling and are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Endosome-associated protein assemblies or coats collect transmembrane cargo proteins and concentrate them into retrieval domains. These domains can extend into tubular carriers, which then pinch off from the endosomal membrane and deliver the cargoes to appropriate subcellular compartments. Here we discuss novel insights into the structure of a number of tubular membrane coats that mediate the recruitment of cargoes into these carriers, focusing on sorting nexin-based coats such as Retromer, Commander and ESCPE-1. We summarize current and emerging views of how selective tubular endosomal carriers form and detach from endosomes by fission, highlighting structural aspects, conceptual challenges and open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Gopaldass
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Kai-En Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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2
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Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Receptor-mediated internalization promotes increased endosome size and number in a RAB4- and RAB5-dependent manner. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151339. [PMID: 37423034 PMCID: PMC10585956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their significance in receptor-mediated internalization and continued signal transduction in cells, early/sorting endosomes (EE/SE) remain incompletely characterized, with many outstanding questions that surround the dynamics of their size and number. While several studies have reported increases in EE/SE size and number resulting from endocytic events, few studies have addressed such dynamics in a methodological and quantitative manner. Herein we apply quantitative fluorescence microscopy to measure the size and number of EE/SE upon internalization of two different ligands: transferrin and epidermal growth factor. Additionally, we used siRNA knock-down to determine the involvement of 5 different endosomal RAB proteins (RAB4, RAB5, RAB8A, RAB10 and RAB11A) in EE/SE dynamics. Our study provides new information on the dynamics of endosomes during endocytosis, an important reference for researchers studying receptor-mediated internalization and endocytic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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3
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Hu X, Yang L, Du Y, Meng X, Shi Y, Zeng J. Astragalus polysaccharide promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells by facilitating ANKFY1 expression through miR-760 inhibition. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:476-485. [PMID: 37532241 PMCID: PMC10396440 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.128.bjr-2022-0248.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) participates in various processes, such as the enhancement of immunity and inhibition of tumours. APS can affect osteoporosis (OP) by regulating the osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of APS in hBMSC proliferation and osteoblast differentiation. Methods Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to determine the expression of microRNA (miR)-760 and ankyrin repeat and FYVE domain containing 1 (ANKFY1) in OP tissues and hBMSCs. Cell viability was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression of cyclin D1 and osteogenic marker genes (osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)) was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mineral deposits were detected through Alizarin Red S staining. In addition, Western blotting was performed to detect the ANKFY1 protein levels following the regulation of miR-760. The relationship between miR-760 and ANKFY1 was determined using a luciferase reporter assay. Results The expression of miR-760 was upregulated in OP tissues, whereas ANKFY1 expression was downregulated. APS stimulated the differentiation and proliferation of hBMSCs by: increasing their viability; upregulating the expression levels of cyclin D1, ALP, OCN, and RUNX2; and inducing osteoblast mineralization. Moreover, APS downregulated the expression of miR-760. Overexpression of miR-760 was found to inhibit the promotive effect of APS on hBMSC differentiation and proliferation, while knockdown of miR-760 had the opposite effect. ANKFY1 was found to be the direct target of miR-760. Additionally, ANKFY1 participated in the APS-mediated regulation of miR-760 function in hBMSCs. Conclusion APS promotes the osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of hBMSCs. Moreover, APS alleviates the effects of OP by downregulating miR-760 and upregulating ANKFY1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Hu
- Department of General Practice, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of General Practice, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Department of General Practice, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangping Meng
- Department of General Practice, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of General Practice, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Carosi JM, Denton D, Kumar S, Sargeant TJ. Receptor Recycling by Retromer. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:317-334. [PMID: 37350516 PMCID: PMC10348044 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2222053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved retromer complex controls the fate of hundreds of receptors that pass through the endolysosomal system and is a central regulatory node for diverse metabolic programs. More than 20 years ago, retromer was discovered as an essential regulator of endosome-to-Golgi transport in yeast; since then, significant progress has been made to characterize how metazoan retromer components assemble to enable its engagement with endosomal membranes, where it sorts cargo receptors from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network or plasma membrane through recognition of sorting motifs in their cytoplasmic tails. In this review, we examine retromer regulation by exploring its assembled structure with an emphasis on how a range of adaptor proteins shape the process of receptor trafficking. Specifically, we focus on how retromer is recruited to endosomes, selects cargoes, and generates tubulovesicular carriers that deliver cargoes to target membranes. We also examine how cells adapt to distinct metabolic states by coordinating retromer expression and function. We contrast similarities and differences between retromer and its related complexes: retriever and commander/CCC, as well as their interplay in receptor trafficking. We elucidate how loss of retromer regulation is central to the pathology of various neurogenerative and metabolic diseases, as well as microbial infections, and highlight both opportunities and cautions for therapeutics that target retromer. Finally, with a focus on understanding the mechanisms that govern retromer regulation, we outline new directions for the field moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Carosi
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Donna Denton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Sargeant
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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5
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Xie S, Dierlam C, Smith E, Duran R, Williams A, Davis A, Mathew D, Naslavsky N, Iyer J, Caplan S. The retromer complex regulates C. elegans development and mammalian ciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259396. [PMID: 35510502 PMCID: PMC9189432 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian retromer consists of subunits VPS26 (either VPS26A or VPS26B), VPS29 and VPS35, and a loosely associated sorting nexin (SNX) heterodimer or a variety of other SNX proteins. Despite involvement in yeast and mammalian cell trafficking, the role of retromer in development is poorly understood, and its impact on primary ciliogenesis remains unknown. Using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, we demonstrate that vps-26-knockout worms have reduced brood sizes, impaired vulval development and decreased body length, all of which have been linked to ciliogenesis defects. Although preliminary studies did not identify worm ciliary defects, and impaired development limited additional ciliogenesis studies, we turned to mammalian cells to investigate the role of retromer in ciliogenesis. VPS35 localized to the primary cilium of mammalian cells, and depletion of VPS26, VPS35, VPS29, SNX1, SNX2, SNX5 or SNX27 led to decreased ciliogenesis. Retromer also coimmunoprecipitated with the centriolar protein, CP110 (also known as CCP110), and was required for its removal from the mother centriole. Herein, we characterize new roles for retromer in C. elegans development and in the regulation of ciliogenesis in mammalian cells, suggesting a novel role for retromer in CP110 removal from the mother centriole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Carter Dierlam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Ellie Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Ramon Duran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Allana Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Angelina Davis
- School of Science and Mathematics, Tulsa Community College, Tulsa, OK 74115, USA
| | - Danita Mathew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jyoti Iyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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6
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Retromer dependent changes in cellular homeostasis and Parkinson's disease. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:987-998. [PMID: 34528672 PMCID: PMC8709886 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To date, mechanistic treatments targeting the initial cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited due to the underlying biological cause(s) been unclear. Endosomes and their associated cellular homeostasis processes have emerged to have a significant role in the pathophysiology associated with PD. Several variants within retromer complex have been identified and characterised within familial PD patients. The retromer complex represents a key sorting platform within the endosomal system that regulates cargo sorting that maintains cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarise the current understandings of how PD-associated retromer variants disrupt cellular trafficking and how the retromer complex can interact with other PD-associated genes to contribute to the disease progression.
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Chang L, Soomro SH, Zhang H, Fu H. Ankfy1 Is Involved in the Maintenance of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:648801. [PMID: 33796010 PMCID: PMC8008124 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.648801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purkinje cells are critical for the function of cerebellum. The degeneration of Purkinje cells leads to defects in motion control. We have found that Purkinje cells specifically express Ankfy1 protein during development and in adult. This protein seems to play minor functions during development as Ankfy1 knockout mice appear normal till adult. However, at 9-month-old, knockout mice showed abnormal cerebellum with reduced vermis size and developed defective motor function. Further investigation demonstrated that the cerebellum of the mutant mouse has lost most of its Purkinje cells, while other cerebellar cells remained largely normal. Our data suggested that the Ankfy1 might be important for the maintenance of cerebellar Purkinje cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shahid Hussain Soomro
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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De Leo MG, Berger P, Mayer A. WIPI1 promotes fission of endosomal transport carriers and formation of autophagosomes through distinct mechanisms. Autophagy 2021; 17:3644-3670. [PMID: 33685363 PMCID: PMC8632285 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1886830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagosome formation requires PROPPIN/WIPI proteins and monophosphorylated phosphoinositides, such as phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) or PtdIns5P. This process occurs in association with mammalian endosomes, where the PROPPIN WIPI1 has additional, undefined roles in vesicular traffic. To explore whether these functions are interconnected, we dissected routes and subreactions of endosomal trafficking requiring WIPI1. WIPI1 specifically acts in the formation and fission of tubulo-vesicular endosomal transport carriers. This activity supports the PtdIns(3,5)P2-dependent transport of endosomal cargo toward the plasma membrane, Golgi, and lysosomes, suggesting a general role of WIPI1 in endosomal protein exit. Three features differentiate the endosomal and macroautophagic/autophagic activities of WIPI1: phosphoinositide binding site II, the requirement for PtdIns(3,5)P2, and bilayer deformation through a conserved amphipathic α-helix. Their inactivation preserves autophagy but leads to a strong enlargement of endosomes, which accumulate micrometer-long endosomal membrane tubules carrying cargo proteins. WIPI1 thus supports autophagy and protein exit from endosomes by different modes of action. We propose that the type of phosphoinositides occupying its two lipid binding sites, the most unusual feature of PROPPIN/WIPI family proteins, switches between these effector functions. Abbreviations: EGF: epidermal growth factorEGFR: epidermal growth factor receptorKD: knockdownKO: knockoutPtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatePtdIns5P: phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphatePtdIns(3,5)P2: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphateTF: transferrinTFRC: transferrin receptorWT: wildtype
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp Berger
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Paul-Scherrer-Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Département De Biochimie, Université De Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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9
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Das S, Maji S, Ruturaj, Bhattacharya I, Saha T, Naskar N, Gupta A. Retromer retrieves the Wilson disease protein ATP7B from endolysosomes in a copper-dependent manner. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs246819. [PMID: 33268466 PMCID: PMC7611186 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilson disease protein, ATP7B maintains copper (herein referring to the Cu+ ion) homeostasis in the liver. ATP7B traffics from trans-Golgi network to endolysosomes to export excess copper. Regulation of ATP7B trafficking to and from endolysosomes is not well understood. We investigated the fate of ATP7B after copper export. At high copper levels, ATP7B traffics primarily to acidic, active hydrolase (cathepsin-B)-positive endolysosomes and, upon subsequent copper chelation, returns to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). At high copper, ATP7B colocalizes with endolysosomal markers and with a core member of retromer complex, VPS35. Knocking down VPS35 did not abrogate the copper export function of ATP7B or its copper-responsive anterograde trafficking to vesicles; rather upon subsequent copper chelation, ATP7B failed to relocalize to the TGN, which was rescued by overexpressing wild-type VPS35. Overexpressing mutants of the retromer complex-associated proteins Rab7A and COMMD1 yielded a similar non-recycling phenotype of ATP7B. At high copper, VPS35 and ATP7B are juxtaposed on the same endolysosome and form a large complex that is stabilized by in vivo photoamino acid labeling and UV-crosslinking. We demonstrate that retromer regulates endolysosome to TGN trafficking of copper transporter ATP7B in a manner that is dependent upon intracellular copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Saptarshi Maji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Ruturaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Indira Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Tanusree Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Nabanita Naskar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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10
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Crawley-Snowdon H, Yang JC, Zaccai NR, Davis LJ, Wartosch L, Herman EK, Bright NA, Swarbrick JS, Collins BM, Jackson LP, Seaman MNJ, Luzio JP, Dacks JB, Neuhaus D, Owen DJ. Mechanism and evolution of the Zn-fingernail required for interaction of VARP with VPS29. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5031. [PMID: 33024112 PMCID: PMC7539009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
VARP and TBC1D5 are accessory/regulatory proteins of retromer-mediated retrograde trafficking from endosomes. Using an NMR/X-ray approach, we determined the structure of the complex between retromer subunit VPS29 and a 12 residue, four-cysteine/Zn++ microdomain, which we term a Zn-fingernail, two of which are present in VARP. Mutations that abolish VPS29:VARP binding inhibit trafficking from endosomes to the cell surface. We show that VARP and TBC1D5 bind the same site on VPS29 and can compete for binding VPS29 in vivo. The relative disposition of VPS29s in hetero-hexameric, membrane-attached, retromer arches indicates that VARP will prefer binding to assembled retromer coats through simultaneous binding of two VPS29s. The TBC1D5:VPS29 interaction is over one billion years old but the Zn-fingernail appears only in VARP homologues in the lineage directly giving rise to animals at which point the retromer/VARP/TBC1D5 regulatory network became fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Crawley-Snowdon
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ji-Chun Yang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nathan R Zaccai
- CIMR, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Luther J Davis
- CIMR, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lena Wartosch
- CIMR, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emily K Herman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2G3
| | | | - James S Swarbrick
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Brett M Collins
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lauren P Jackson
- CIMR, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - J Paul Luzio
- CIMR, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2G3.
| | - David Neuhaus
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - David J Owen
- CIMR, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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11
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Jones T, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Eps15 Homology Domain Protein 4 (EHD4) is required for Eps15 Homology Domain Protein 1 (EHD1)-mediated endosomal recruitment and fission. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239657. [PMID: 32966336 PMCID: PMC7511005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon internalization, receptors are trafficked to sorting endosomes (SE) where they undergo sorting and are then packaged into budding vesicles that undergo fission and transport within the cell. Eps15 Homology Domain Protein 1 (EHD1), the best-characterized member of the Eps15 Homology Domain Protein (EHD) family, has been implicated in catalyzing the fission process that releases endosome-derived vesicles for recycling to the plasma membrane. Indeed, recent studies suggest that upon receptor-mediated internalization, EHD1 is recruited from the cytoplasm to endosomal membranes where it catalyzes vesicular fission. However, the mechanism by which this recruitment occurs remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that the EHD1 paralog, EHD4, is required for the recruitment of EHD1 to SE. We show that EHD4 preferentially dimerizes with EHD1, and knock-down of EHD4 expression by siRNA, shRNA or by CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing leads to impaired EHD1 SE-recruitment and enlarged SE. Moreover, we demonstrate that at least 3 different asparagine-proline-phenylalanine (NPF) motif-containing EHD binding partners, Rabenosyn-5, Syndapin2 and MICAL-L1, are required for the recruitment of EHD1 to SE. Indeed, knock-down of any of these SE-localized EHD interaction partners leads to enlarged SE, presumably due to impaired endosomal fission. Overall, we identify a novel mechanistic role for EHD4 in recruitment of EHD1 to SE, thus positioning EHD4 as an essential component of the EHD1-fission machinery at SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Jones
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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van den Boomen DJH, Volkmar N, Lehner PJ. Ubiquitin-mediated regulation of sterol homeostasis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 65:103-111. [PMID: 32580085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian membranes, and its homeostasis is strictly regulated, with imbalances causing atherosclerosis, Niemann Pick disease, and familial hypercholesterolemia. Cellular cholesterol supply is mediated by LDL-cholesterol import and de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, and both pathways are adjusted to cellular demand by the cholesterol-sensitive SREBP2 transcription factor. Cholesterol homeostasis is modulated by a wide variety of metabolic pathways and the ubiquitination machinery, in particular E3 ubiquitin ligases. In this article, we review recent progress in understanding the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the metabolic control of cellular sterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick J H van den Boomen
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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13
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Bhattacharyya S, Pucadyil TJ. Cellular functions and intrinsic attributes of the ATP-binding Eps15 homology domain-containing proteins. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1321-1330. [PMID: 32223019 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Several cellular processes rely on a cohort of dedicated proteins that manage tubulation, fission, and fusion of membranes. A notably large number of them belong to the dynamin superfamily of proteins. Among them is the evolutionarily conserved group of ATP-binding Eps15-homology domain-containing proteins (EHDs). In the two decades since their discovery, EHDs have been linked to a range of cellular processes that require remodeling or maintenance of specific membrane shapes such as during endocytic recycling, caveolar biogenesis, ciliogenesis, formation of T-tubules in skeletal muscles, and membrane resealing after rupture. Recent work has shed light on their structure and the unique attributes they possess in linking ATP hydrolysis to membrane remodeling. This review summarizes some of these recent developments and reconciles intrinsic protein functions to their cellular roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Thomas J Pucadyil
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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14
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Tu Y, Zhao L, Billadeau DD, Jia D. Endosome-to-TGN Trafficking: Organelle-Vesicle and Organelle-Organelle Interactions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:163. [PMID: 32258039 PMCID: PMC7093645 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) diverts proteins and lipids away from lysosomal degradation. It is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and signaling. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding this classical pathway, revealing new insights into multiple steps of vesicular trafficking as well as critical roles of ER-endosome contacts for endosomal trafficking. In this review, we summarize up-to-date knowledge about this trafficking pathway, in particular, mechanisms of cargo recognition at endosomes and vesicle tethering at the TGN, and contributions of ER-endosome contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Tom EC, Mushtaq I, Mohapatra BC, Luan H, Bhat AM, Zutshi N, Chakraborty S, Islam N, Arya P, Bielecki TA, Iseka FM, Bhattacharyya S, Cypher LR, Goetz BT, Negi SK, Storck MD, Rana S, Barnekow A, Singh PK, Ying G, Guda C, Natarajan A, Band V, Band H. EHD1 and RUSC2 Control Basal Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Cell Surface Expression and Recycling. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:e00434-19. [PMID: 31932478 PMCID: PMC7076251 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00434-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prototype receptor tyrosine kinase and an oncoprotein in many solid tumors. Cell surface display of EGFR is essential for cellular responses to its ligands. While postactivation endocytic trafficking of EGFR has been well elucidated, little is known about mechanisms of basal/preactivation surface display of EGFR. Here, we identify a novel role of the endocytic regulator EHD1 and a potential EHD1 partner, RUSC2, in cell surface display of EGFR. EHD1 and RUSC2 colocalize with EGFR in vesicular/tubular structures and at the Golgi compartment. Inducible EHD1 knockdown reduced the cell surface EGFR expression with accumulation at the Golgi compartment, a phenotype rescued by exogenous EHD1. RUSC2 knockdown phenocopied the EHD1 depletion effects. EHD1 or RUSC2 depletion impaired the EGF-induced cell proliferation, demonstrating that the novel, EHD1- and RUSC2-dependent transport of unstimulated EGFR from the Golgi compartment to the cell surface that we describe is functionally important, with implications for physiologic and oncogenic roles of EGFR and targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Tom
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Insha Mushtaq
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Haitao Luan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Aaqib M Bhat
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Neha Zutshi
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sukanya Chakraborty
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Namista Islam
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Priyanka Arya
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Timothy A Bielecki
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Fany M Iseka
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sohinee Bhattacharyya
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Luke R Cypher
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Benjamin T Goetz
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Simarjeet K Negi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Matthew D Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Angelika Barnekow
- Department of Experimental Tumorbiology, Westfälische Wilhelms University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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16
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Dhawan K, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Sorting nexin 17 (SNX17) links endosomal sorting to Eps15 homology domain protein 1 (EHD1)-mediated fission machinery. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3837-3850. [PMID: 32041776 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following endocytosis, receptors that are internalized to sorting endosomes are sorted to different pathways, in part by sorting nexin (SNX) proteins. Notably, SNX17 interacts with a multitude of receptors in a sequence-specific manner to regulate their recycling. However, the mechanisms by which SNX17-labeled vesicles that contain sorted receptors bud and undergo vesicular fission from the sorting endosomes remain elusive. Recent studies suggest that a dynamin-homolog, Eps15 homology domain protein 1, catalyzes fission and releases endosome-derived vesicles for recycling to the plasma membrane. However, the mechanism by which EHD1 is coupled to various receptors and regulates their recycling remains unknown. Here we sought to characterize the mechanism by which EHD1 couples with SNX17 to regulate recycling of SNX17-interacting receptors. We hypothesized that SNX17 couples receptors to the EHD1 fission machinery in mammalian cells. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments and in vitro assays provided evidence that EHD1 and SNX17 directly interact. We also found that inducing internalization of a SNX17 cargo receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), led to recruitment of cytoplasmic EHD1 to endosomal membranes. Moreover, surface rendering and quantification of overlap volumes indicated that SNX17 and EHD1 partially colocalize on endosomes and that this overlap further increases upon LRP1 internalization. Additionally, SNX17-containing endosomes were larger in EHD1-depleted cells than in WT cells, suggesting that EHD1 depletion impairs SNX17-mediated endosomal fission. Our findings help clarify our current understanding of endocytic trafficking, providing significant additional insight into the process of endosomal fission and connecting the sorting and fission machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 .,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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17
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Chen Y, Leng M, Gao Y, Zhan D, Choi JM, Song L, Li K, Xia X, Zhang C, Liu M, Ji S, Jain A, Saltzman AB, Malovannaya A, Qin J, Jung SY, Wang Y. A Cross-Linking-Aided Immunoprecipitation/Mass Spectrometry Workflow Reveals Extensive Intracellular Trafficking in Time-Resolved, Signal-Dependent Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Proteome. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3715-3730. [PMID: 31442056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ligand binding to the cell surface receptors initiates signaling cascades that are commonly transduced through a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to activate a plethora of response pathways. However, tools to capture the membrane PPI network are lacking. Here, we describe a cross-linking-aided mass spectrometry workflow for isolation and identification of signal-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) proteome. We performed protein cross-linking in cell culture at various time points following EGF treatment, followed by immunoprecipitation of endogenous EGFR and analysis of the associated proteins by quantitative mass spectrometry. We identified 140 proteins with high confidence during a 2 h time course by data-dependent acquisition and further validated the results by parallel reaction monitoring. A large proportion of proteins in the EGFR proteome function in endocytosis and intracellular protein transport. The EGFR proteome was highly dynamic with distinct temporal behavior; 10 proteins that appeared in all time points constitute the core proteome. Functional characterization showed that loss of the FYVE domain-containing proteins altered the EGFR intracellular distribution but had a minor effect on EGFR proteome or signaling. Thus, our results suggest that the EGFR proteome include functional regulators that influence EGFR signaling and bystanders that are captured as the components of endocytic vesicles. The high-resolution spatiotemporal information of these molecules facilitates the delineation of many pathways that could determine the strength and duration of the signaling, as well as the location and destination of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77003, United States
| | - Mei Leng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77003, United States
| | - Yankun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center , National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Dongdong Zhan
- The Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center , National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center , National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Xia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center , National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Chunchao Zhang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77003, United States
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center , National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Shuhui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center , National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Antrix Jain
- Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Alexander B Saltzman
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77003, United States
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77003, United States,Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77003, United States
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center , National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , China.,The Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200241 , China.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77003, United States,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77003, United States
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77003, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center , National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , China.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77003, United States,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77003, United States
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18
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Chen K, Healy MD, Collins BM. Towards a molecular understanding of endosomal trafficking by Retromer and Retriever. Traffic 2019; 20:465-478. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐En Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Michael D. Healy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Brett M. Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
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19
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Farmer T, O'Neill KL, Naslavsky N, Luo X, Caplan S. Retromer facilitates the localization of Bcl-xL to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1138-1146. [PMID: 30840537 PMCID: PMC6724524 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-01-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bcl-xL plays a critical role in cell survival by protecting the integrity of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). The mechanism through which Bcl-xL is recruited to the MOM has not been fully discerned. The retromer is a conserved endosomal scaffold complex involved in membrane trafficking. Here we identify VPS35 and VPS26, two core components of the retromer, as novel regulators of Bcl-xL. We observed interactions and colocalization between Bcl-xL, VPS35, VPS26, and MICAL-L1, a protein involved in recycling endosome biogenesis that also interacts with the retromer. We also found that upon VPS35 depletion, levels of nonmitochondrial Bcl-xL were increased. In addition, retromer-depleted cells displayed more rapid Bax activation and apoptosis. These results suggest that the retromer regulates apoptosis by facilitating Bcl-xL's transport to the MOM. Importantly, our studies suggest a previously uncharacterized relationship between the machineries of cell death/survival and endosomal trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey Farmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870
| | - Katelyn L O'Neill
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870
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20
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Cullen PJ, Steinberg F. To degrade or not to degrade: mechanisms and significance of endocytic recycling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:679-696. [PMID: 30194414 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Newly endocytosed integral cell surface proteins are typically either directed for degradation or subjected to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The sorting of integral cell surface proteins, including signalling receptors, nutrient transporters, ion channels, adhesion molecules and polarity markers, within the endolysosomal network for recycling is increasingly recognized as an essential feature in regulating the complexities of physiology at the cell, tissue and organism levels. Historically, endocytic recycling has been regarded as a relatively passive process, where the majority of internalized integral proteins are recycled via a nonspecific sequence-independent 'bulk membrane flow' pathway. Recent work has increasingly challenged this view. The discovery of sequence-specific sorting motifs and the identification of cargo adaptors and associated coat complexes have begun to uncover the highly orchestrated nature of endosomal cargo recycling, thereby providing new insight into the function and (patho)physiology of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Florian Steinberg
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert Ludwigs Universitaet Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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21
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Lin G, Lee PT, Chen K, Mao D, Tan KL, Zuo Z, Lin WW, Wang L, Bellen HJ. Phospholipase PLA2G6, a Parkinsonism-Associated Gene, Affects Vps26 and Vps35, Retromer Function, and Ceramide Levels, Similar to α-Synuclein Gain. Cell Metab 2018; 28:605-618.e6. [PMID: 29909971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in PLA2G6 (PARK14) cause neurodegenerative disorders in humans, including autosomal recessive neuroaxonal dystrophy and early-onset parkinsonism. We show that loss of iPLA2-VIA, the fly homolog of PLA2G6, reduces lifespan, impairs synaptic transmission, and causes neurodegeneration. Phospholipases typically hydrolyze glycerol phospholipids, but loss of iPLA2-VIA does not affect the phospholipid composition of brain tissue but rather causes an elevation in ceramides. Reducing ceramides with drugs, including myriocin or desipramine, alleviates lysosomal stress and suppresses neurodegeneration. iPLA2-VIA binds the retromer subunits Vps35 and Vps26 and enhances retromer function to promote protein and lipid recycling. Loss of iPLA2-VIA impairs retromer function, leading to a progressive increase in ceramide. This induces a positive feedback loop that affects membrane fluidity and impairs retromer function and neuronal function. Similar defects are observed upon loss of vps26 or vps35 or overexpression of α-synuclein, indicating that these defects may be common in Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei-Tseng Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kuchuan Chen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dongxue Mao
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kai Li Tan
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wen-Wen Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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22
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Hermle T, Schneider R, Schapiro D, Braun DA, van der Ven AT, Warejko JK, Daga A, Widmeier E, Nakayama M, Jobst-Schwan T, Majmundar AJ, Ashraf S, Rao J, Finn LS, Tasic V, Hernandez JD, Bagga A, Jalalah SM, El Desoky S, Kari JA, Laricchia KM, Lek M, Rehm HL, MacArthur DG, Mane S, Lifton RP, Shril S, Hildebrandt F. GAPVD1 and ANKFY1 Mutations Implicate RAB5 Regulation in Nephrotic Syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2123-2138. [PMID: 29959197 PMCID: PMC6065084 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017121312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a frequent cause of CKD. The discovery of monogenic causes of SRNS has revealed specific pathogenetic pathways, but these monogenic causes do not explain all cases of SRNS. METHODS To identify novel monogenic causes of SRNS, we screened 665 patients by whole-exome sequencing. We then evaluated the in vitro functional significance of two genes and the mutations therein that we discovered through this sequencing and conducted complementary studies in podocyte-like Drosophila nephrocytes. RESULTS We identified conserved, homozygous missense mutations of GAPVD1 in two families with early-onset NS and a homozygous missense mutation of ANKFY1 in two siblings with SRNS. GAPVD1 and ANKFY1 interact with the endosomal regulator RAB5. Coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated interaction between GAPVD1 and ANKFY1 proteins, which also colocalized when expressed in HEK293T cells. Silencing either protein diminished the podocyte migration rate. Compared with wild-type GAPVD1 and ANKFY1, the mutated proteins produced upon ectopic expression of GAPVD1 or ANKFY1 bearing the patient-derived mutations exhibited altered binding affinity for active RAB5 and reduced ability to rescue the knockout-induced defect in podocyte migration. Coimmunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated a physical interaction between nephrin and GAPVD1, and immunofluorescence revealed partial colocalization of these proteins in rat glomeruli. The patient-derived GAPVD1 mutations reduced nephrin-GAPVD1 binding affinity. In Drosophila, silencing Gapvd1 impaired endocytosis and caused mistrafficking of the nephrin ortholog. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in GAPVD1 and probably in ANKFY1 are novel monogenic causes of NS. The discovery of these genes implicates RAB5 regulation in the pathogenesis of human NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hermle
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Schapiro
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniela A Braun
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amelie T van der Ven
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian K Warejko
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ankana Daga
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shazia Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura S Finn
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty Skopje, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Joel D Hernandez
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital, Spokane, Washington
| | - Arvind Bagga
- Division of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sherif El Desoky
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence and Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameela A Kari
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence and Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristen M Laricchia
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Monkol Lek
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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23
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Farmer T, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Tying trafficking to fusion and fission at the mighty mitochondria. Traffic 2018; 19:569-577. [PMID: 29663589 PMCID: PMC6043374 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is a unique organelle that serves as the main site of ATP generation needed for energy in the cell. However, mitochondria also play essential roles in cell death through apoptosis and necrosis, as well as a variety of crucial functions related to stress regulation, autophagy, lipid synthesis and calcium storage. There is a growing appreciation that mitochondrial function is regulated by the dynamics of its membrane fusion and fission; longer, fused mitochondria are optimal for ATP generation, whereas fission of mitochondria facilitates mitophagy and cell division. Despite the significance of mitochondrial homeostasis for such crucial cellular events, the intricate regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission is only partially understood. Until very recently, only a single mitochondrial fission protein had been identified. Moreover, only now have researchers turned to address the upstream machinery that regulates mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins. Herein, we review the known GTPases involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission, but also highlight recent studies that address the mechanisms by which these GTPases are regulated. In particular, we draw attention to a substantial new body of literature linking endocytic regulatory proteins, such as the retromer VPS35 cargo selection complex subunit, to mitochondrial homeostasis. These recent studies suggest that relationships and cross-regulation between endocytic and mitochondrial pathways may be more widespread than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey Farmer
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Steve Caplan
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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24
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Naslavsky N, Caplan S. The enigmatic endosome - sorting the ins and outs of endocytic trafficking. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/13/jcs216499. [PMID: 29980602 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The early endosome (EE), also known as the sorting endosome (SE) is a crucial station for the sorting of cargoes, such as receptors and lipids, through the endocytic pathways. The term endosome relates to the receptacle-like nature of this organelle, to which endocytosed cargoes are funneled upon internalization from the plasma membrane. Having been delivered by the fusion of internalized vesicles with the EE or SE, cargo molecules are then sorted to a variety of endocytic pathways, including the endo-lysosomal pathway for degradation, direct or rapid recycling to the plasma membrane, and to a slower recycling pathway that involves a specialized form of endosome known as a recycling endosome (RE), often localized to the perinuclear endocytic recycling compartment (ERC). It is striking that 'the endosome', which plays such essential cellular roles, has managed to avoid a precise description, and its characteristics remain ambiguous and heterogeneous. Moreover, despite the rapid advances in scientific methodologies, including breakthroughs in light microscopy, overall, the endosome remains poorly defined. This Review will attempt to collate key characteristics of the different types of endosomes and provide a platform for discussion of this unique and fascinating collection of organelles. Moreover, under-developed, poorly understood and important open questions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naava Naslavsky
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA .,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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25
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Reitz C. Retromer Dysfunction and Neurodegenerative Disease. Curr Genomics 2018; 19:279-288. [PMID: 29755290 PMCID: PMC5930449 DOI: 10.2174/1389202919666171024122809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, genomic, animal and cell biology studies have implicated deficiencies in retromer-mediated trafficking of proteins in an increasing number of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Frontotemporal Lobar Degener-ation (FTLD). The retromer complex, which is highly conserved across all eukaryotes, regulates the sorting of transmembrane proteins out of endo-somes to the cell surface or to the trans-Golgi network. Within retromer, cargo selection and binding are performed by a trimer of the Vps26, Vps29 and Vps35 proteins, named the "Cargo-Selective Complex (CSC)". Sorting of cargo into tubules for distribution to the trans-Golgi network or the cell sur-face is achieved through the dimeric sorting nexin (SNX) component of retromer and accessory proteins such as the WASH complex which medi-ates the formation of discrete endosomal tubules enabling the sorting of cargo into distinct pathways through production of filamentous actin patch-es. In the present article, we review the molecular structure and function of the retromer and summarize the evidence linking retromer dysfunction to neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Maekawa M, Tanigawa K, Sakaue T, Hiyoshi H, Kubota E, Joh T, Watanabe Y, Taguchi T, Higashiyama S. Cullin-3 and its adaptor protein ANKFY1 determine the surface level of integrin β1 in endothelial cells. Biol Open 2017; 6:1707-1719. [PMID: 29038302 PMCID: PMC5703617 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature, is related to numerous pathophysiological events. We previously reported that a RING ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold protein, cullin-3 (CUL3), and one of its adaptor proteins, BAZF, regulated angiogenesis in the mouse retina by suppressing Notch signaling. However, the degree of inhibition of angiogenesis was made greater by CUL3 depletion than by BAZF depletion, suggesting other roles of CUL3 in angiogenesis besides the regulation of Notch signaling. In the present study, we found that CUL3 was critical for the cell surface level of integrin β1, an essential cell adhesion molecule for angiogenesis in HUVECs. By siRNA screening of 175 BTBPs, a family of adaptor proteins for CUL3, we found that ANKFY1/Rabankyrin-5, an early endosomal BTBP, was also critical for localization of surface integrin β1 and angiogenesis. CUL3 interacted with ANKFY1 and was required for the early endosomal localization of ANKFY1. These data suggest that CUL3/ANKFY1 regulates endosomal membrane traffic of integrin β1. Our results highlight the multiple roles of CUL3 in angiogenesis, which are mediated through distinct CUL3-adaptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Maekawa
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 791-0295, Japan .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Tanigawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakaue
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City 467-8601, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Joh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuji Watanabe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taguchi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Pathological Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 791-0295, Japan .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama 791-0295, Japan
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27
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Lipovsky A, Erden A, Kanaya E, Zhang W, Crite M, Bradfield C, MacMicking J, DiMaio D, Schoggins JW, Iwasaki A. The cellular endosomal protein stannin inhibits intracellular trafficking of human papillomavirus during virus entry. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2821-2836. [PMID: 29058661 PMCID: PMC5845663 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common sexually transmitted viruses and one of the most important infectious causes of cancers worldwide. While prophylactic vaccines are effective against certain strains of HPV, established infections still cause deadly cancers in both men and women. HPV traffics to the nucleus via the retrograde transport pathway, but the mechanism of intracellular transport of non-enveloped viruses such as HPV is incompletely understood. Using an overexpression screen, we identify several genes that control HPV16 entry. We focused on the mechanism by which one of the screen hits, stannin, blocks HPV16 infection. Stannin has not been previously implicated in virus entry. Overexpression of stannin specifically inhibits infection by several HPV types, but not other viruses tested. Stannin is constitutively expressed in human keratinocytes, and its basal levels limit entry by HPV16. Stannin is localized to the endolysosomal compartment and does not affect HPV16 binding to cells, virus uptake, or virus uncoating, but inhibits the entry of HPV into the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and stimulates HPV degradation. We further show that stannin interacts with L1 major capsid protein and impairs the interaction of the L2 minor capsid protein with retromer, which is required for virus trafficking to the TGN. Our findings shed light on a novel cellular protein that interferes with HPV entry and highlight the role of retrograde transport in HPV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lipovsky
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8011, P.O. Box 208011, USA
| | - Asu Erden
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8011, P.O. Box 208011, USA
| | - Eriko Kanaya
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8011, P.O. Box 208011, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, P.O. Box 208005, USA
| | - Mac Crite
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, 295 Congress Avenue, USA
| | - Clinton Bradfield
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536-0812, P.O. Box 9812, USA
| | - John MacMicking
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536-0812, P.O. Box 9812, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20814, USA
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, P.O. Box 208005, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520-8028, PO Box 208028, USA
| | - John W. Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8011, P.O. Box 208011, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20814, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520-8028, PO Box 208028, USA
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28
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Farmer T, Reinecke JB, Xie S, Bahl K, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Control of mitochondrial homeostasis by endocytic regulatory proteins. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2359-2370. [PMID: 28596240 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in cellular energy processes, including ATP production, control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. While mitochondrial function is regulated by the dynamics of fusion and fission, mitochondrial homeostasis remains incompletely understood. Recent studies implicate dynamin-2 and dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1, also known as DNM1L), as GTPases involved in mitochondrial fission. Here, we identify the ATPase and endocytic protein EHD1 as a novel regulator of mitochondrial fission. EHD1 depletion induces a static and elongated network of mitochondria in the cell. However, unlike dynamin-2 and Drp1, whose depletion protects cells from staurosporine-induced mitochondrial fragmentation, EHD1-depleted cells remain sensitive to staurosporine, suggesting a different mechanism for EHD1 function. Recent studies have demonstrated that VPS35 and the retromer complex influence mitochondrial homeostasis either by Mul1-mediated ubiquitylation and degradation of the fusion protein Mfn2, or by removal of inactive Drp1 from the mitochondrial membrane. We demonstrate that EHD1 and its interaction partner rabankyrin-5 interact with the retromer complex to influence mitochondrial dynamics, likely by inducing VPS35-mediated removal of inactive Drp1 from mitochondrial membranes. Our study sheds light on mitochondrial dynamics, expanding a new paradigm of endocytic protein regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey Farmer
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - James B Reinecke
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shuwei Xie
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kriti Bahl
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA .,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA .,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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29
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Basagiannis D, Zografou S, Murphy C, Fotsis T, Morbidelli L, Ziche M, Bleck C, Mercer J, Christoforidis S. VEGF induces signalling and angiogenesis by directing VEGFR2 internalisation through macropinocytosis. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4091-4104. [PMID: 27656109 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis plays a crucial role in receptor signalling. VEGFR2 (also known as KDR) and its ligand VEGFA are fundamental in neovascularisation. However, our understanding of the role of endocytosis in VEGFR2 signalling remains limited. Despite the existence of diverse internalisation routes, the only known endocytic pathway for VEGFR2 is the clathrin-mediated pathway. Here, we show that this pathway is the predominant internalisation route for VEGFR2 only in the absence of ligand. Intriguingly, VEGFA induces a new internalisation itinerary for VEGFR2, the pathway of macropinocytosis, which becomes the prevalent endocytic route for the receptor in the presence of ligand, whereas the contribution of the clathrin-mediated route becomes minor. Macropinocytic internalisation of VEGFR2, which mechanistically is mediated through the small GTPase CDC42, takes place through macropinosomes generated at ruffling areas of the membrane. Interestingly, macropinocytosis plays a crucial role in VEGFA-induced signalling, endothelial cell functions in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo, whereas clathrin-mediated endocytosis is not essential for VEGFA signalling. These findings expand our knowledge on the endocytic pathways of VEGFR2 and suggest that VEGFA-driven internalisation of VEGFR2 through macropinocytosis is essential for endothelial cell signalling and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Basagiannis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina 45110, Greece.,Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Sofia Zografou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Carol Murphy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina 45110, Greece.,School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Theodore Fotsis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina 45110, Greece.,Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | | | - Jason Mercer
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH, Zurich 8093, Switzerland.,MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Savvas Christoforidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina 45110, Greece .,Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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30
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Lin M, Liu H, Xiong Q, Niu H, Cheng Z, Yamamoto A, Rikihisa Y. Ehrlichia secretes Etf-1 to induce autophagy and capture nutrients for its growth through RAB5 and class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Autophagy 2016; 12:2145-2166. [PMID: 27541856 PMCID: PMC5103349 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1217369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that causes a potentially fatal emerging zoonosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis. E. chaffeensis has a limited capacity for biosynthesis and metabolism and thus depends mostly on host-synthesized nutrients for growth. Although the host cell cytoplasm is rich with these nutrients, as E. chaffeensis is confined within the early endosome-like membrane-bound compartment, only host nutrients that enter the compartment can be used by this bacterium. How this occurs is unknown. We found that ehrlichial replication depended on autophagy induction involving class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) activity, BECN1 (Beclin 1), and ATG5 (autophagy-related 5). Ehrlichia acquired host cell preincorporated amino acids in a class III PtdIns3K-dependent manner and ehrlichial growth was enhanced by treatment with rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. Moreover, ATG5 and RAB5A/B/C were routed to ehrlichial inclusions. RAB5A/B/C siRNA knockdown, or overexpression of a RAB5-specific GTPase-activating protein or dominant-negative RAB5A inhibited ehrlichial infection, indicating the critical role of GTP-bound RAB5 during infection. Both native and ectopically expressed ehrlichial type IV secretion effector protein, Etf-1, bound RAB5 and the autophagy-initiating class III PtdIns3K complex, PIK3C3/VPS34, and BECN1, and homed to ehrlichial inclusions. Ectopically expressed Etf-1 activated class III PtdIns3K as in E. chaffeensis infection and induced autophagosome formation, cleared an aggregation-prone mutant huntingtin protein in a class III PtdIns3K-dependent manner, and enhanced ehrlichial proliferation. These data support the notion that E. chaffeensis secretes Etf-1 to induce autophagy to repurpose the host cytoplasm and capture nutrients for its growth through RAB5 and class III PtdIns3K, while avoiding autolysosomal killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqun Lin
- a Department of Veterinary Biosciences , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Hongyan Liu
- a Department of Veterinary Biosciences , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Qingming Xiong
- a Department of Veterinary Biosciences , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Hua Niu
- a Department of Veterinary Biosciences , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- a Department of Veterinary Biosciences , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Akitsugu Yamamoto
- b Faculty of Bioscience , Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology , Nagahama , Shiga , Japan
| | - Yasuko Rikihisa
- a Department of Veterinary Biosciences , Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
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31
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Wu C, Cui Z, Liu Y, Zhang J, Ding W, Wang S, Bao G, Xu G, Sun Y, Chen J. The importance of EHD1 in neurite outgrowth contributing to the functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 52:24-32. [PMID: 27211346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Haier Lane North Road No. 6, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Haier Lane North Road No. 6, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Haier Lane North Road No. 6, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensen Ding
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Haier Lane North Road No. 6, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Haier Lane North Road No. 6, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Haier Lane North Road No. 6, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Haier Lane North Road No. 6, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Haier Lane North Road No. 6, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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32
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Bahl K, Xie S, Spagnol G, Sorgen P, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. EHD3 Protein Is Required for Tubular Recycling Endosome Stabilization, and an Asparagine-Glutamic Acid Residue Pair within Its Eps15 Homology (EH) Domain Dictates Its Selective Binding to NPF Peptides. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13465-78. [PMID: 27189942 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.716407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An elaborate network of dynamic lipid membranes, termed tubular recycling endosomes (TRE), coordinates the process of endocytic recycling in mammalian cells. The C-terminal Eps15 homology domain (EHD)-containing proteins have been implicated in the bending and fission of TRE, thus regulating endocytic recycling. EHD proteins have an EH domain that interacts with proteins containing an NPF motif. We found that NPF-containing EHD1 interaction partners such as molecules interacting with CasL-like1 (MICAL-L1) and Syndapin2 are essential for TRE biogenesis. Also crucial for TRE biogenesis is the generation of phosphatidic acid, an essential lipid component of TRE that serves as a docking point for MICAL-L1 and Syndapin2. EHD1 and EHD3 have 86% amino acid identity; they homo- and heterodimerize and partially co-localize to TRE. Despite their remarkable identity, they have distinct mechanistic functions. EHD1 induces membrane vesiculation, whereas EHD3 supports TRE biogenesis and/or stabilization by an unknown mechanism. While using phospholipase D inhibitors (which block the conversion of glycerophospholipids to phosphatidic acid) to deplete cellular TRE, we observed that, upon inhibitor washout, there was a rapid and dramatic regeneration of MICAL-L1-marked TRE. Using this "synchronized" TRE biogenesis system, we determined that EHD3 is involved in the stabilization of TRE rather than in their biogenesis. Moreover, we identify the residues Ala-519/Asp-520 of EHD1 and Asn-519/Glu-520 of EHD3 as defining the selectivity of these two paralogs for NPF-containing binding partners, and we present a model to explain the atomic mechanism and provide new insight for their differential roles in vesiculation and tubulation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Bahl
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870
| | - Shuwei Xie
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870
| | - Gaelle Spagnol
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870
| | - Paul Sorgen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870
| | - Steve Caplan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870
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Larkin H, Costantino S, Seaman MNJ, Lavoie C. Calnuc Function in Endosomal Sorting of Lysosomal Receptors. Traffic 2016; 17:416-32. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Larkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Santiago Costantino
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Université de Montréal; Montréal H1T 2M Canada
| | - Matthew N. J. Seaman
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 0XY UK
| | - Christine Lavoie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
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Gueho A, Bosmani C, Gopaldass N, Molle V, Soldati T, Letourneur F. Dictyostelium EHD associates with Dynamin and participates in phagosome maturation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2354-67. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.182857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal EHDs (Eps15 homology-domain-containing proteins) are newly identified key regulators of endosomal membrane trafficking. Here we show that D. discoideum contains a single EHD protein that localizes to endosomal compartments and newly formed phagosomes. We provide the first evidence that EHD regulates phagosome maturation. Deletion of EHD results in defects in intraphagosomal proteolysis and acidification. These defects are linked to early delivery of lysosomal enzymes and fast retrieval of the vacuolar H+-ATPase in maturing phagosomes. We also demonstrate that EHD physically interacts with DymA. Our results indicate that EHD and DymA can associate independently to endomembranes, and yet they share identical kinetics of phagosome recruitment and release during phagosome maturation. Functional analysis of ehd−, dymA−, and double dymA−/ehd− knock-out strains indicate that DymA and EHD play non-redundant and independent functions in phagosome maturation. Finally, we show that the absence of EHD leads to increase tubulation of endosomes, indicating that EHD participates in the scission of endosomal tubules as reported for DymA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Gueho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Bosmani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Navin Gopaldass
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Molle
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5235, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Letourneur
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5235, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Weng C, Ding M, Chang LS, Ren MX, Zhang HF, Lu ZN, Fu H. Ankfy1 is dispensable for neural stem/precursor cell development. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1804-1809. [PMID: 28123425 PMCID: PMC5204237 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.194750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few studies on the membrane protein Ankfy1. We have found Ankfy1 is specifically expressed in neural stem/precursor cells during early development in mice (murine). To further explore Ankfy1 function in neural development, we developed a gene knockout mouse with a mixed Balb/C and C57/BL6 genetic background. Using immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization, neural defects were absent in mixed genetic Ankfy1 null mice during development and in adults up to 2 months old. However, Ankfy1 gene knockout mice with a pure genetic background were found to be lethal in the C57/BL6 inbred mice embryos, even after seven generations of backcrossing. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed homozygotes were unattainable as early as embryonic day 11.5. We conclude that Ankfy1 protein is dispensable in neural stem/precursor cells, but could be critical for early embryonic murine development, depending on the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Weng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Man Ding
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ming-Xin Ren
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zu-Neng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBME, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Mukadam AS, Seaman MNJ. Retromer-mediated endosomal protein sorting: The role of unstructured domains. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2620-6. [PMID: 26072290 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The retromer complex is a key element of the endosomal protein sorting machinery that is conserved through evolution and has been shown to play a role in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Through sorting various membrane proteins (cargo), the function of retromer complex has been linked to physiological processes such as lysosome biogenesis, autophagy, down regulation of signalling receptors and cell spreading. The cargo-selective trimer of retromer recognises membrane proteins and sorts them into two distinct pathways; endosome-to-Golgi retrieval and endosome-to-cell surface recycling and additionally the cargo-selective trimer functions as a hub to recruit accessory proteins to endosomes where they may regulate and/or facilitate retromer-mediated endosomal proteins sorting. Unstructured domains present in cargo proteins or accessory factors play key roles in both these aspects of retromer function and will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir S Mukadam
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew N J Seaman
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
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Genome-wide RNAi screen reveals a role for multipass membrane proteins in endosome-to-golgi retrieval. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1931-1945. [PMID: 25464851 PMCID: PMC4542293 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosome-to-Golgi retrieval is an essential membrane trafficking pathway required for many important physiological processes and linked to neurodegenerative disease and infection by bacterial and viral pathogens. The prototypical cargo protein for this pathway is the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CIMPR), which delivers lysosomal hydrolases to endosomes. Efficient retrieval of CIMPR to the Golgi requires the retromer complex, but other aspects of the endosome-to-Golgi retrieval pathway are poorly understood. Employing an image-based antibody-uptake assay, we conducted a genome-wide RNAi loss-of-function screen for novel regulators of this trafficking pathway and report ∼90 genes that are required for endosome-to-Golgi retrieval of a CD8-CIMPR reporter protein. Among these regulators of endosome-to-Golgi retrieval are a number of multipass membrane-spanning proteins, a class of proteins often overlooked with respect to a role in membrane trafficking. We further demonstrate a role for three multipass membrane proteins, SFT2D2, ZDHHC5, and GRINA, in endosome-to-Golgi retrieval.
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38
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András IE, Rampersaud E, Eum SY, Toborek M. Transcriptional profile of HIV-induced nuclear translocation of amyloid β in brain endothelial cells. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:744-52. [PMID: 25446617 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased amyloid deposition in HIV-infected brains may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurocognitive dysfunction in infected patients. We have previously shown that exposure to HIV results in enhanced amyloid β (Aβ) levels in human brain microvascular endothelial cells, suggesting that brain endothelial cells contribute to accumulation of Aβ in HIV-infected brains. Importantly, Aβ not only accumulates in the cytoplasm of HIV-exposed cells but also enters the nuclei of brain endothelial cells. METHODS cDNA microarray analysis was performed in order to examine changes in the transcriptional profile associated with Aβ nuclear entry in the presence of HIV-1. RESULTS Gene network analysis indicated that inhibition of nuclear entry of Aβ resulted in enrichment in gene sets involved in apoptosis and survival, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, immune response, cell cycle, DNA damage, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton remodeling and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor signaling. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data indicate that HIV-induced Aβ nuclear uptake affects several cellular stress-related pathways relevant for HIV-induced Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya E András
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Evadnie Rampersaud
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miami, Florida
| | - Sung Yong Eum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Zhang J, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. EHDs meet the retromer: Complex regulation of retrograde transport. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2014. [PMID: 23181199 PMCID: PMC3498075 DOI: 10.4161/cl.20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde trafficking mediates the transport of endocytic membranes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Dysregulation of these pathways can result in multiple ailments, including late-onset Alzheimer disease. One of the key retrograde transport regulators, the retromer complex, is tightly controlled by many factors, including the C-terminal Eps15 homology domain (EHD) proteins. This mini-review focuses on recent findings and discusses the regulation of the retromer complex by EHD proteins and the novel EHD1 interaction partner, Rabankyrin-5 (Rank-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Eppley Cancer Center; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE USA
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40
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Spagnol G, Reiling C, Kieken F, Caplan S, Sorgen PL. Chemical shift assignments of the C-terminal Eps15 homology domain-3 EH domain. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2014; 8:263-267. [PMID: 23754701 PMCID: PMC3883950 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-013-9497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The C-terminal Eps15 homology (EH) domain 3 (EHD3) belongs to a eukaryotic family of endocytic regulatory proteins and is involved in the recycling of various receptors from the early endosome to the endocytic recycling compartment or in retrograde transport from the endosomes to the Golgi. EH domains are highly conserved in the EHD family and function as protein-protein interaction units that bind to Asn-Pro-Phe (NPF) motif-containing proteins. The EH domain of EHD1 was the first C-terminal EH domain from the EHD family to be solved by NMR. The differences observed between this domain and proteins with N-terminal EH domains helped describe a mechanism for the differential binding of NPF-containing proteins. Here, structural studies were expanded to include the EHD3 EH domain. While the EHD1 and EHD3 EH domains are highly homologous, they have different protein partners. A comparison of these structures will help determine the selectivity in protein binding between the EHD family members and lead to a better understanding of their unique roles in endocytic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steve Caplan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Paul Sorgen Tel: 402-559-7557 , Steve Caplan Tel: 402-559-7556 , Fax: 402-559-6650
| | - Paul L. Sorgen
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Paul Sorgen Tel: 402-559-7557 , Steve Caplan Tel: 402-559-7556 , Fax: 402-559-6650
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Freeman CL, Hesketh G, Seaman MNJ. RME-8 coordinates the activity of the WASH complex with the function of the retromer SNX dimer to control endosomal tubulation. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2053-70. [PMID: 24643499 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.144659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Retromer is a vital element of the endosomal protein sorting machinery and comprises two subcomplexes that operate together to sort membrane proteins (cargo) and tubulate membranes. Tubules are formed by a dimer of sorting nexins, a key component of which is SNX1. Cargo selection is mediated by the VPS35-VPS29-VPS26 trimer, which additionally recruits the WASH complex through VPS35 binding to the WASH complex subunit FAM21. Loss of function of the WASH complex leads to dysregulation of endosome tubulation, although it is unclear how this occurs. Here, we show that FAM21 also binds to the SNX1-interacting DNAJ protein RME-8. Loss of RME-8 causes altered kinetics of SNX1 membrane association and a pronounced increase in highly branched endosomal tubules. Building on previous observations from other laboratories, we show that these tubules contain membrane proteins that are dependent upon WASH complex activity for their localization to the plasma membrane. Therefore, we propose that the interaction between RME-8 and the WASH complex provides a means to coordinate the activity of the WASH complex with the membrane-tubulating function of the sorting nexins at sites where retromer-mediated endosomal protein sorting occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Freeman
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research/Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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Giridharan SSP, Cai B, Vitale N, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Cooperation of MICAL-L1, syndapin2, and phosphatidic acid in tubular recycling endosome biogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:1776-90, S1-15. [PMID: 23596323 PMCID: PMC3667729 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-01-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MICAL-L1 and the BAR-domain protein syndapin2 bind to phosphatidic acid (PA), a novel lipid component of recycling endosomes (REs). Interactions between these proteins stabilize their association with membranes and allow nucleation of tubules by syndapin2. A new role is highlighted for PA in recycling, suggesting a mechanism for tubular RE formation. Endocytic transport necessitates the generation of membrane tubules and their subsequent fission to transport vesicles for sorting of cargo molecules. The endocytic recycling compartment, an array of tubular and vesicular membranes decorated by the Eps15 homology domain protein, EHD1, is responsible for receptor and lipid recycling to the plasma membrane. It has been proposed that EHD dimers bind and bend membranes, thus generating recycling endosome (RE) tubules. However, recent studies show that molecules interacting with CasL-Like1 (MICAL-L1), a second, recently identified RE tubule marker, recruits EHD1 to preexisting tubules. The mechanisms and events supporting the generation of tubular recycling endosomes were unclear. Here, we propose a mechanism for the biogenesis of RE tubules. We demonstrate that MICAL-L1 and the BAR-domain protein syndapin2 bind to phosphatidic acid, which we identify as a novel lipid component of RE. Our studies demonstrate that direct interactions between these two proteins stabilize their association with membranes, allowing for nucleation of tubules by syndapin2. Indeed, the presence of phosphatidic acid in liposomes enhances the ability of syndapin2 to tubulate membranes in vitro. Overall our results highlight a new role for phosphatidic acid in endocytic recycling and provide new insights into the mechanisms by which tubular REs are generated.
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Abstract
The retromer complex is a vital element of the endosomal protein sorting machinery that is conserved across all eukaryotes. Retromer is most closely associated with the endosome-to-Golgi retrieval pathway and is necessary to maintain an active pool of hydrolase receptors in the trans-Golgi network. Recent progress in studies of retromer have identified new retromer-interacting proteins, including the WASH complex and cargo such as the Wntless/MIG-14 protein, which now extends the role of retromer beyond the endosome-to-Golgi pathway and has revealed that retromer is required for aspects of endosome-to-plasma membrane sorting and regulation of signalling events. The interactions between the retromer complex and other macromolecular protein complexes now show how endosomal protein sorting is coordinated with actin assembly and movement along microtubules, and place retromer squarely at the centre of a complex set of protein machinery that governs endosomal protein sorting. Dysregulation of retromer-mediated endosomal protein sorting leads to various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and spastic paraplegia and the mechanisms underlying these pathologies are starting to be understood. In this Commentary, I will highlight recent advances in the understanding of retromer-mediated endosomal protein sorting and discuss how retromer contributes to a diverse set of physiological processes.
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