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Panicker AJ, Prokop LJ, Hacke K, Jaramillo A, Griffiths LG. Outcome-based Risk Assessment of Non-HLA Antibodies in Heart Transplantation: A Systematic Review. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:1450-1467. [PMID: 38796046 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current monitoring after heart transplantation (HT) employs repeated invasive endomyocardial biopsies (EMB). Although positive EMB confirms rejection, EMB fails to predict impending, subclinical, or EMB-negative rejection events. While non-human leukocyte antigen (non-HLA) antibodies have emerged as important risk factors for antibody-mediated rejection after HT, their use in clinical risk stratification has been limited. A systematic review of the role of non-HLA antibodies in rejection pathologies has the potential to guide efforts to overcome deficiencies of EMB in rejection monitoring. METHODS Databases were searched to include studies on non-HLA antibodies in HT recipients. Data collected included the number of patients, type of rejection, non-HLA antigen studied, association of non-HLA antibodies with rejection, and evidence for synergistic interaction between non-HLA antibodies and donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibody (HLA-DSA) responses. RESULTS A total of 56 studies met the inclusion criteria. Strength of evidence for each non-HLA antibody was evaluated based on the number of articles and patients in support versus against their role in mediating rejection. Importantly, despite previous intense focus on the role of anti-major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (MICA) and anti-angiotensin II type I receptor antibodies (AT1R) in HT rejection, evidence for their involvement was equivocal. Conversely, the strength of evidence for other non-HLA antibodies supports that differing rejection pathologies are driven by differing non-HLA antibodies. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review underscores the importance of identifying peri-HT non-HLA antibodies. Current evidence supports the role of non-HLA antibodies in all forms of HT rejection. Further investigations are required to define the mechanisms of action of non-HLA antibodies in HT rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali J Panicker
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Larry J Prokop
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Katrin Hacke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Andrés Jaramillo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Leigh G Griffiths
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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2
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Diebold M, Vietzen H, Heinzel A, Haindl S, Herz CT, Mayer K, Doberer K, Kainz A, Faé I, Wenda S, Kühner LM, Berger SM, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Kozakowski N, Schaub S, Halloran PF, Böhmig GA. Natural killer cell functional genetics and donor-specific antibody-triggered microvascular inflammation. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:743-754. [PMID: 38097018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is a leading cause of graft failure. Emerging evidence suggests a significant contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to microvascular inflammation (MVI). We investigated the influence of genetically determined NK cell functionality on ABMR development and activity. The study included 86 kidney transplant recipients subjected to systematic biopsies triggered by donor-specific antibody detection. We performed killer immunoglobulin-like receptor typing to predict missing self and genotyped polymorphisms determining NK cell functionality (FCGR3AV/F158 [rs396991], KLRC2wt/del, KLRK1HNK/LNK [rs1049174], rs9916629-C/T). Fifty patients had ABMR with considerable MVI and elevated NK cell transcripts. Missing self was not related to MVI. Only KLRC2wt/wt showed an association (MVI score: 2 [median; interquartile range: 0-3] vs 0 [0-1] in KLRC2wt/del recipients; P = .001) and remained significant in a proportional odds multivariable model (odds ratio, 7.84; 95% confidence interval, 2.37-30.47; P = .001). A sum score incorporating all polymorphisms and missing self did not outperform a score including only KLRC2 and FCGR3A variants, which were predictive in univariable analysis. NK cell genetics did not affect graft functional decline and survival. In conclusion, a functional KLRC2 polymorphism emerged as an independent determinant of ABMR activity, without a considerable contribution of missing self and other NK cell gene polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Diebold
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Vietzen
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Heinzel
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Haindl
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten T Herz
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Mayer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin Doberer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kainz
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Faé
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Wenda
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura M Kühner
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah M Berger
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Stefan Schaub
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip F Halloran
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, ATAGC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Georg A Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Schinstock CA, Agrawal A, Valenzuela NM. The Significance of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-related Molecule A in Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Comprehensive Overview. Transplantation 2024; 108:115-126. [PMID: 37218026 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Improving long-term allograft survival and minimizing recipient morbidity is of key importance in all of transplantation. Improved matching of classical HLA molecules and avoiding HLA donor-specific antibody has been a major focus; however, emerging data suggest the relevance of nonclassical HLA molecules, major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (MICA) and B, in transplant outcomes. The purpose of this review is to discuss the structure, function, polymorphisms, and genetics of the MICA molecule and relates this to clinical outcomes in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The tools available for genotyping and antibody detection will be reviewed combined with a discussion of their shortcomings. Although data supporting the relevance of MICA molecules have accumulated, key knowledge gaps exist and should be addressed before widespread implementation of MICA testing for recipients pre- or posttransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Schinstock
- Von Liebig Center for Transplant and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amogh Agrawal
- Von Liebig Center for Transplant and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nicole M Valenzuela
- UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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4
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Barmada A, Klein J, Ramaswamy A, Brodsky NN, Jaycox JR, Sheikha H, Jones KM, Habet V, Campbell M, Sumida TS, Kontorovich A, Bogunovic D, Oliveira CR, Steele J, Hall EK, Pena-Hernandez M, Monteiro V, Lucas C, Ring AM, Omer SB, Iwasaki A, Yildirim I, Lucas CL. Cytokinopathy with aberrant cytotoxic lymphocytes and profibrotic myeloid response in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-associated myocarditis. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadh3455. [PMID: 37146127 PMCID: PMC10468758 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adh3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare immune-mediated cardiac tissue inflammation can occur after vaccination, including after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, the underlying immune cellular and molecular mechanisms driving this pathology remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated a cohort of patients who developed myocarditis and/or pericarditis with elevated troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide, and C-reactive protein levels as well as cardiac imaging abnormalities shortly after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Contrary to early hypotheses, patients did not demonstrate features of hypersensitivity myocarditis, nor did they have exaggerated SARS-CoV-2-specific or neutralizing antibody responses consistent with a hyperimmune humoral mechanism. We additionally found no evidence of cardiac-targeted autoantibodies. Instead, unbiased systematic immune serum profiling revealed elevations in circulating interleukins (IL-1β, IL-1RA, and IL-15), chemokines (CCL4, CXCL1, and CXCL10), and matrix metalloproteases (MMP1, MMP8, MMP9, and TIMP1). Subsequent deep immune profiling using single-cell RNA and repertoire sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during acute disease revealed expansion of activated CXCR3+ cytotoxic T cells and NK cells, both phenotypically resembling cytokine-driven killer cells. In addition, patients displayed signatures of inflammatory and profibrotic CCR2+ CD163+ monocytes, coupled with elevated serum-soluble CD163, that may be linked to the late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac MRI, which can persist for months after vaccination. Together, our results demonstrate up-regulation in inflammatory cytokines and corresponding lymphocytes with tissue-damaging capabilities, suggesting a cytokine-dependent pathology, which may further be accompanied by myeloid cell-associated cardiac fibrosis. These findings likely rule out some previously proposed mechanisms of mRNA vaccine--associated myopericarditis and point to new ones with relevance to vaccine development and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Barmada
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jon Klein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anjali Ramaswamy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nina N. Brodsky
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jillian R. Jaycox
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hassan Sheikha
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kate M. Jones
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victoria Habet
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Melissa Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tomokazu S. Sumida
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amy Kontorovich
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute; Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute; Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity; Precision Immunology Institute; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute; Department of Pediatrics; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos R. Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeremy Steele
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E. Kevin Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Pena-Hernandez
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valter Monteiro
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carolina Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aaron M. Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saad B. Omer
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Yale Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Inci Yildirim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carrie L. Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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5
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Li Q, Lan P. Activation of immune signals during organ transplantation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:110. [PMID: 36906586 PMCID: PMC10008588 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of host's innate and adaptive immune systems can lead to acute and chronic graft rejection, which seriously impacts graft survival. Thus, it is particularly significant to clarify the immune signals, which are critical to the initiation and maintenance of rejection generated after transplantation. The initiation of response to graft is dependent on sensing of danger and stranger molecules. The ischemia and reperfusion of grafts lead to cell stress or death, followed by releasing a variety of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of host immune cells to activate intracellular immune signals and induce sterile inflammation. In addition to DAMPs, the graft exposed to 'non-self' antigens (stranger molecules) are recognized by the host immune system, stimulating a more intense immune response and further aggravating the graft damage. The polymorphism of MHC genes between different individuals is the key for host or donor immune cells to identify heterologous 'non-self' components in allogeneic and xenogeneic organ transplantation. The recognition of 'non-self' antigen by immune cells mediates the activation of immune signals between donor and host, resulting in adaptive memory immunity and innate trained immunity to the graft, which poses a challenge to the long-term survival of the graft. This review focuses on innate and adaptive immune cells receptor recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns, alloantigens and xenoantigens, which is described as danger model and stranger model. In this review, we also discuss the innate trained immunity in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Peixiang Lan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Has the Time Come for Widespread MHC Class I MICA Genotyping in Solid Organ Transplantation? Transplantation 2022; 106:2269-2270. [PMID: 36436096 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Resch T, Hackl H, Esser H, Günther J, Schwelberger H, Ritschl PV, Ebner S, Maglione M, Mellitzer V, Biebl M, Öllinger R, Zoller H, Schneeberger S, Kotsch K. Expression of MICA in Zero Hour Biopsies Predicts Graft Survival After Liver Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:606146. [PMID: 34354697 PMCID: PMC8329650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In search for novel biomarkers to assess graft quality, we investigated whether defined candidate genes are predictive for outcome after liver transplantation (LT). Zero-hour liver biopsies were obtained from 88 livers. Gene expression of selected candidate markers was analyzed and correlated with clinical parameters as well as short and long-term outcomes post LT. Whereas both, the calculated Eurotransplant Donor-Risk-Index and the donor body mass index, had either a poor or no predictive value concerning serum levels indicative for liver function (ALT, AST, GGT, bilirubin) after 6 months, chronological donor age was weakly predictive for serum bilirubin (AUC=0.67). In contrast, the major histcompatibility complex class I related chain A (MICA) mRNA expression demonstrated a high predictive value for serum liver function parameters revealing an inverse correlation (e.g. for ALT: 3 months p=0.0332; 6 months p=0.007, 12 months 0.0256, 24 months p=0.0098, 36 months, p=0.0153) and proved significant also in a multivariate regression model. Importantly, high expression of MICA mRNA revealed to be associated with prolonged graft survival (p=0.024; log rank test) after 10 years of observation, whereas low expression was associated with the occurrence of death in patients with transplant related mortality (p=0.031). Given the observed correlation with short and long-term graft function, we suggest MICA as a biomarker for pre-transplant graft evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Resch
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannah Esser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Günther
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Schwelberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Susanne Ebner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Maglione
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vanessa Mellitzer
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Biebl
- Department of Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Öllinger
- Department of Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katja Kotsch
- Department of General- and Visceral Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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NKG2D Natural Killer Cell Receptor-A Short Description and Potential Clinical Applications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061420. [PMID: 34200375 PMCID: PMC8229527 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are natural cytotoxic, effector cells of the innate immune system. They can recognize transformed or infected cells. NK cells are armed with a set of activating and inhibitory receptors which are able to bind to their ligands on target cells. The right balance between expression and activation of those receptors is fundamental for the proper functionality of NK cells. One of the best known activating receptors is NKG2D, a member of the CD94/NKG2 family. Due to a specific NKG2D binding with its eight different ligands, which are overexpressed in transformed, infected and stressed cells, NK cells are able to recognize and attack their targets. The NKG2D receptor has an enormous significance in various, autoimmune diseases, viral and bacterial infections as well as for transplantation outcomes and complications. This review focuses on the NKG2D receptor, the mechanism of its action, clinical relevance of its gene polymorphisms and a potential application in various clinical settings.
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9
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Zou Y, Duke JL, Ferriola D, Luo Q, Wasserman J, Mosbruger TL, Luo W, Cai L, Zou K, Tairis N, Damianos G, Pagkrati I, Kukuruga D, Huang Y, Monos DS. Genomic characterization of MICA gene using multiple next generation sequencing platforms: A validation study. HLA 2020; 96:430-444. [PMID: 32681760 PMCID: PMC7589345 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a protocol regarding the genomic characterization of the MICA gene by next generation sequencing (NGS). The amplicon includes the full length of the gene and is about 13 kb. A total of 156 samples were included in the study. Ninety‐seven of these samples were previously characterized at MICA by legacy methods (Sanger or sequence specific oligonucleotide) and were used to evaluate the accuracy, precision, specificity, and sensitivity of the assay. An additional 59 DNA samples of unknown ethnicity volunteers from the United States were only genotyped by NGS. Samples were chosen to contain a diverse set of alleles. Our NGS approach included a first round of sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform and a second round of sequencing on the MinION platform by Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT), on selected samples for the purpose of either characterizing new alleles or setting phase among multiple polymorphisms to resolve ambiguities or generate complete sequence for alleles that were only partially reported in the IMGT/HLA database. Complete consensus sequences were generated for every allele sequenced with ONT, extending from the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) to the 3′ UTR of the MICA gene. Thirty‐two MICA sequences were submitted to the IMGT/HLA database including either new alleles or filling up the gaps (exonic, intronic and/or UTRs) of already reported alleles. Some of the challenges associated with the characterization of these samples are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zou
- Department of Immunology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jamie L Duke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deborah Ferriola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qizhi Luo
- Department of Immunology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jenna Wasserman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy L Mosbruger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weiguang Luo
- Department of Immunology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Immunology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kevin Zou
- Department of Immunology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nikolaos Tairis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Georgios Damianos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ioanna Pagkrati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Debra Kukuruga
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanping Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dimitri S Monos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Fan Y, Herr F, Vernochet A, Mennesson B, Oberlin E, Durrbach A. Human Fetal Liver Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Impair Natural Killer Cell Function. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 28:44-55. [PMID: 30328799 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are powerful immunomodulators that regulate the diverse functions of immune cells involved in allogeneic reactions, such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, through cell-cell contact or secreted factors. Exosomes secreted by MSCs may be involved in their regulatory functions, providing new therapeutic tools. Here, we showed that fetal liver (FL) MSC-derived exosomes inhibit proliferation, activation, and cytotoxicity of NK cells. Exosomes bearing latency associated peptide (LAP), TGFβ, and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1), a regulatory molecule for TGFβ, induced downstream TGFβ/Smad2/3 signaling in NK cells. The inhibition of TGFβ, using a neutralizing anti-TGFβ antibody, restored NK proliferation, differentiation, and cytotoxicity, demonstrating that FL-MSC-derived exosomes exert their inhibition on NK cell function via TGFβ. These results suggest that FL-MSC-derived exosomes regulate NK cell functions through exosome-associated TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fan
- 1 INSERM UMR-S1197, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Benoît Mennesson
- 2 Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital René-Dubos, Pontoise, France
| | | | - Antoine Durrbach
- 1 INSERM UMR-S1197, Villejuif, France
- 3 Département de Néphrologie, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, IFRNT, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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11
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Egelkamp J, Chichelnitskiy E, Kühne JF, Wandrer F, Daemen K, Keil J, Bräsen JH, Schmitz J, Bellmàs-Sanz R, Iordanidis S, Katsirntaki K, Hake K, Akhdar A, Neudörfl C, Haller H, Blume C, Falk CS. Back signaling of HLA class I molecules and T/NK cell receptor ligands in epithelial cells reflects the rejection-specific microenvironment in renal allograft biopsies. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:2692-2704. [PMID: 31062482 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of endothelial cells in the pathophysiology of antibody-mediated rejection after renal transplantation has been widely investigated. We expand this scenario to the impact of epithelial cells on the microenvironment during rejection. Primary proximal tubular epithelial cells were stimulated via HLA class I, CD155 and CD166 based on their potential signal-transducing capacity to mediate back signaling after encounter with either T/NK cells or donor-specific antibodies. Upon crosslinking of these ligands with mAbs, PTEC secreted IL-6, CXCL1,8,10, CCL2, and sICAM-1. These proteins were also released by PTEC as consequence of a direct interaction with T/NK cells. Downmodulation of the receptor CD226 on effector cells confirmed the involvement of this receptor/ligand pair in back signaling. In vivo, CD155 and CD166 expression was detectable in proximal and distal tubuli of renal transplant biopsies, respectively. The composition of the protein microenvironment in these biopsies showed a substantial overlap with the PTEC response. Cluster and principal component analyses of the microenvironment separated unsuspicious from rejection biopsies and, furthermore, ABMR, TCMR, and borderline rejection. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that epithelial cells may contribute to the rejection process and pave the way to a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of kidney allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Egelkamp
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jenny F Kühne
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Wandrer
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Daemen
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Keil
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ramon Bellmàs-Sanz
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Iordanidis
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Kevin Hake
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ali Akhdar
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Neudörfl
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,DZIF, German Center for Infection Research, TTU-IICH, Hannover/Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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13
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Positive association between MIC gene polymorphism and tuberculosis in Chinese population. Immunol Lett 2019; 213:62-69. [PMID: 31400356 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The disease progression and morbidity of tuberculosis (TB) infections are determined by virulence of the micro-organism, host genetic factors and environmental factors. The highly polymorphic MHC class I chain-related gene (MIC) could serve as a potential host genetic candidate. To investigate the association of MIC polymorphism with TB infection, 124 patients and 191 ethnically matched controls from Hunan province, Southern China, were genotyped for the MIC polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific priming and sequencing-based typing. The results showed that allele frequencies of MIC-sequence and MICA-STR were different in TB patients in comparison to normal controls (both P < 0.05). MICA-A4 and MICA*012:01 alleles were positive associated (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.69-3.87; OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 2.19-5.33, respectively, both Pc < 0.05) while MICA -A5 were inversely associated (OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.41-0.94, Pc < 0.05) with TB. Homozygote MICA*012:01/012:01 was observed to have significant risk effects on TB (OR = 4.76, 95% CI: 1.94-11.69, Pc0000-0001-5151-1853 < 0.05). Additionally, MICB*008 allele conduct a significant risk effect for TB (OR = 3.17, 95%CI: 1.80-5.61, Pc < 0.05). All the data showed that MIC polymorphism was associated with the variable susceptibility to TB in Chinese population.
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14
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Abstract
Patients with Behçet's disease (BD) suffer from episodic ocular and mucocutaneous attacks, resulting in a reduced quality of life. The phenotype of Japanese BD has been changing over the past 20 years, and the rate of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*51-positive complete type is decreasing while that of intestinal type is increasing. This phenotypical evolution may be related to changes in as-yet-unknown environmental factors, as the immigration influx in Japan is low. Mechanisms discovered by genome-wide association studies include ERAP1-mediated HLA class I antigen bounding pathway, autoinflammation, Th17 cells, natural killer cells, and polarized macrophages, a similar genetic architecture to Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriasis. As for treatments, management guidelines have been implemented, and the development of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors is markedly improving the outcome of BD, but evidence supporting treatment for special-type BD is limited. The classification of BD into distinct clusters based on clinical manifestations and genetic factors is crucial to the development of optimized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kirino
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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15
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Soluble Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I related Chain A (sMICA) levels influence graft outcome following Renal Transplantation. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:160-165. [PMID: 29330111 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since soluble isoforms of MICA play an important role in modulating the immune response, we evaluated a possible correlation between their levels and development of acute rejection following renal transplantation. METHODS Serum samples collected at pre- and different time points post-transplant from 137 live related donor renal transplant recipients were evaluated retrospectively for sMICA levels and for the presence of MICA antibodies. Samples from 30 healthy volunteers were also tested as controls. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of sMICA were observed in the pretransplant sera of allograft recipients as compared to healthy controls. Patients with acute cellular rejection experienced a significant fall in their levels at the time of diagnosis as compared to their pretransplant values and posttransplant follow up time points (p = .01, .003, .005 and .04 respectively at pre vs biopsy (Bx), POD7 vs Bx, POD 30 vs Bx, POD 90 vs Bx). However, no such difference was noted in patients undergoing antibody mediated rejection. Further the study did not reveal any correlation on the presence/absence of MICA antibodies with either an increase or decrease in sMICA levels. CONCLUSIONS Estimating circulating levels of soluble MICA could provide useful information of prognostic importance in assessing graft outcome following renal transplantation.
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16
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McCarthy MT, Moncayo G, Hiron TK, Jakobsen NA, Valli A, Soga T, Adam J, O'Callaghan CA. Purine nucleotide metabolism regulates expression of the human immune ligand MICA. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:3913-3924. [PMID: 29279329 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the cell-surface glycoprotein MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) is induced in dangerous, abnormal, or "stressed" cells, including cancer cells, virus-infected cells, and rapidly proliferating cells. MICA is recognized by the activating immune cell receptor natural killer group 2D (NKG2D), providing a mechanism by which immune cells can identify and potentially eliminate pathological cells. Immune recognition through NKG2D is implicated in cancer, atherosclerosis, transplant rejection, and inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the wide range of potential therapeutic applications of MICA manipulation, the factors that control MICA expression are unclear. Here we use metabolic interventions and metabolomic analyses to show that the transition from quiescent cellular metabolism to a "Warburg" or biosynthetic metabolic state induces MICA expression. Specifically, we show that glucose transport into the cell and active glycolytic metabolism are necessary to up-regulate MICA expression. Active purine synthesis is necessary to support this effect of glucose, and increases in purine nucleotide levels are sufficient to induce MICA expression. Metabolic induction of MICA expression directly influences NKG2D-dependent cytotoxicity by immune cells. These findings support a model of MICA regulation whereby the purine metabolic activity of individual cells is reflected by cell-surface MICA expression and is the subject of surveillance by NKG2D receptor-expressing immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T McCarthy
- From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Moncayo
- From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas K Hiron
- From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Niels A Jakobsen
- From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Valli
- the Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- the Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Julie Adam
- From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.,the Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Christopher A O'Callaghan
- From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom,
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17
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Carapito R, Aouadi I, Ilias W, Bahram S. Natural Killer Group 2, Member D/NKG2D Ligands in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:368. [PMID: 28396673 PMCID: PMC5366881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) is an invariant activatory receptor present on subsets of natural killer and T lymphocytes. It stimulates the cytolytic effector response upon engagement of its various stress-induced ligands NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL). Malignant transformation and conditioning treatment prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are stress factors leading to the activation of the NKG2D/NKG2DL signaling in clinical settings. In the context of HCT, NKG2D-bearing cells can kill both tumor and healthy cells expressing NKG2DL. The NKG2D/NKG2DL engagement has therefore a key role in the regulation of one of the most salient issues in allogeneic HCT, i.e., maintaining a balance between graft-vs.-leukemia effect and graft-vs.-host disease. The present review summarizes the current state of our knowledge pertaining to the role of the NKG2D and NKG2DL in HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Carapito
- ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) INSERM, Strasbourg (France) - Nagano (Japan), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire Central d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ismail Aouadi
- ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) INSERM, Strasbourg (France) - Nagano (Japan), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wassila Ilias
- ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) INSERM, Strasbourg (France) - Nagano (Japan), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) INSERM, Strasbourg (France) - Nagano (Japan), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire Central d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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18
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Baranwal AK, Mehra NK. Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-Related A (MICA) Molecules: Relevance in Solid Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:182. [PMID: 28293239 PMCID: PMC5329007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An ever growing number of reports on graft rejection and/or failure even with good HLA matches have highlighted an important role of non-HLA antigens in influencing allograft immunity. The list of non-HLA antigens that have been implicated in graft rejection in different types of organ transplantation has already grown long. Of these, the Major Histocompatibility Complex class I chain-related molecule A (MICA) is one of the most polymorphic and extensively studied non-HLA antigenic targets especially in the kidney transplantation. Humoral response to MICA antigens has repeatedly been associated with lower graft survival and an increased risk of acute and chronic rejection following kidney and liver transplantation with few studies showing conflicting results. Although there are clear indications of MICA antibodies being associated with adverse graft outcome, a definitive consensus on this relationship has not been arrived yet. Furthermore, only a few studies have dealt with the impact of MICA donor-specific antibodies as compared to those that are not donor specific on graft outcome. In addition to the membrane bound form, a soluble isoform of MICA (sMICA), which has the potential to engage the natural killer cell-activating receptor NKG2D resulting in endocytosis and degradation of receptor–ligand interaction complex leading to suppression of NKG2D-mediated host innate immunity, has been a subject of intense discussion. Most studies on sMICA have been directed toward understanding their influence on tumor growth, with limited literature focusing its role in transplant biology. Furthermore, a unique dimorphism (methionine to valine) at position 129 in the α2 domain categorizes MICA alleles into strong (MICA-129 met) and weak (MICA-129 val) binders of NKG2D receptor depending on whether they have methionine or valine at this position. Although the implications of MICA 129 dimorphism have been highlighted in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, its role in solid organ transplantation is yet to be explored. This review summarizes the currently available information on MICA antibodies, soluble MICA, and MICA-129 dimorphism in a setting of solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narinder K Mehra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi, Delhi , India
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19
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Risti M, Bicalho MDG. MICA and NKG2D: Is There an Impact on Kidney Transplant Outcome? Front Immunol 2017; 8:179. [PMID: 28289413 PMCID: PMC5326783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to present an overview of MICA and natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) genetic and functional interactions and their impact on kidney transplant outcome. Organ transplantation has gone from what can accurately be called a “clinical experiment” to a routine and reliable practice, which has proven to be clinically relevant, life-saving and cost-effective when compared with non-transplantation management strategies of both chronic and acute end-stage organ failures. The kidney is the most frequently transplanted organ in the world (transplant-observatory1). The two treatment options for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are dialysis and/or transplantation. Compared with dialysis, transplantation is associated with significant improvements in quality of life and overall longevity. A strong relationship exists between allograft loss and human leukocyte antigens (HLA) antibodies (Abs). HLA Abs are not the only factor involved in graft loss, as multiple studies have shown that non-HLA antigens are also involved, even when a patient has a good HLA matche and receives standard immunosuppressive therapy. A deeper understanding of other biomarkers is therefore important, as it is likely to lead to better monitoring (and consequent success) of organ transplants. The objective is to fill the void left by extensive reviews that do not often dive this deep into the importance of MICA and NKG2D in allograft acceptance and their partnership in the immune response. There are few papers that explore the relationship between these two protagonists when it comes to kidney transplantation. This is especially true for the role of NKG2D in kidney transplantation. These reasons give a special importance to this review, which aims to be a helpful tool in the hands of researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Risti
- LIGH - Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Bicalho
- LIGH - Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
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20
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Land WG, Agostinis P, Gasser S, Garg AD, Linkermann A. DAMP-Induced Allograft and Tumor Rejection: The Circle Is Closing. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3322-3337. [PMID: 27529775 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological importance of the immunogenicity of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) has been pinpointed by their identification as triggers of allograft rejection following release from dying cells, such as after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In cancers, however, this strong trigger of a specific immune response gives rise to the success of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the recently literature on the pathophysiological importance of DAMP release and discuss the implications of these processes for allograft rejection and cancer immunotherapy, revealing a striking mechanistic overlap. We conclude that these two fields share a common mechanistic basis of regulated necrosis and inflammation, the molecular characterization of which may be helpful for both oncologists and the transplant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Land
- German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich, Germany.,Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, Plateforme GENOMAX, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,LabexTRANSPLANTEX, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Gasser
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC306, Inflammation at Interfaces, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.,Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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21
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Gavlovsky PJ, Tonnerre P, Gérard N, Nedellec S, Daman AW, McFarland BJ, Charreau B. Alternative Splice Transcripts for MHC Class I-like MICA Encode Novel NKG2D Ligands with Agonist or Antagonist Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:736-46. [PMID: 27342847 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MHC class I chain-related proteins A and B (MICA and MICB) and UL16-binding proteins are ligands of the activating NKG2D receptor involved in cancer and immune surveillance of infection. Structurally, MICA/B proteins contain an α3 domain, whereas UL16-binding proteins do not. We identified novel alternative splice transcripts for MICA encoding five novel MICA isoforms: MICA-A, -B1, -B2, -C, and -D. Alternative splicing associates with MICA*015 and *017 and results from a point deletion (G) in the 5' splice donor site of MICA intron 4 leading to exon 3 and exon 4 skipping and/or deletions. These changes delete the α3 domain in all isoforms, and the α2 domain in the majority of isoforms (A, B1, C, and D). Endothelial and hematopoietic cells contained endogenous alternative splice transcripts and isoforms. MICA-B1, -B2, and -D bound NKG2D by surface plasmon resonance and were expressed at the cell surface. Functionally, MICA-B2 contains two extracellular domains (α1 and α2) and is a novel potent agonist ligand for NKG2D. We found that MICA-D is a new truncated form of MICA with weak affinity for NKG2D despite lacking α2 and α3 domains. MICA-D may functionally impair NKG2D activation by competing with full-length MICA or MICA-B2 for NKG2D engagement. Our study established NKG2D binding for recombinant MICA-B1 but found no function for this isoform. New truncated MICA isoforms exhibit a range of functions that may drive unexpected immune mechanisms and provide new tools for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Jean Gavlovsky
- INSERM, UMR1064, LabEx Transplantex, LabEx Immunology-Graft-Oncology, and Hospital/University Institute European Center for Transplantation and Immunotherapy Sciences, Nantes, F44000 France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, Nantes, F44000 France; L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, F44000 France
| | - Pierre Tonnerre
- INSERM, UMR1064, LabEx Transplantex, LabEx Immunology-Graft-Oncology, and Hospital/University Institute European Center for Transplantation and Immunotherapy Sciences, Nantes, F44000 France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, Nantes, F44000 France; L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, F44000 France
| | - Nathalie Gérard
- INSERM, UMR1064, LabEx Transplantex, LabEx Immunology-Graft-Oncology, and Hospital/University Institute European Center for Transplantation and Immunotherapy Sciences, Nantes, F44000 France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, Nantes, F44000 France; L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, F44000 France
| | - Steven Nedellec
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, F44000 France; Plateforme MicroPICell Structure Fédérative de Recherche Santé-Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique, Nantes F44000, France; and
| | - Andrew W Daman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119
| | - Benjamin J McFarland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119
| | - Béatrice Charreau
- INSERM, UMR1064, LabEx Transplantex, LabEx Immunology-Graft-Oncology, and Hospital/University Institute European Center for Transplantation and Immunotherapy Sciences, Nantes, F44000 France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, Nantes, F44000 France; L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, F44000 France;
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22
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Delaune V, Toso C, Benhamou PY, Wojtusciszyn A, Kessler L, Slits F, Demuylder-Mischler S, Pernin N, Lablanche S, Orci LA, Oldani G, Morel P, Berney T, Lacotte S. Alloimmune Monitoring After Islet Transplantation: A Prospective Multicenter Assessment of 25 Recipients. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:2259-2268. [PMID: 27302287 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x692023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is an effective treatment for selected patients with type 1 diabetes. However, an accurate test still lacks for the early detection of graft rejection. Blood samples were prospectively collected in four university centers (Geneva, Grenoble, Montpellier, and Strasbourg). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with donor splenocytes in the presence of interleukin-2. After 24 h of incubation, interferon- (IFN-) ELISpot analysis was performed. After a total of 5 days of incubation, cell proliferation was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis for Ki-67. Immunological events were correlated with adverse metabolic events determined by loss of 1 point of -score and/or an increased insulin intake 10%. Twenty-five patients were analyzed; 14 were recipients of islets alone, and 11 combined with kidney. Overall, 76% (19/25) reached insulin independence at one point during a mean follow-up of 30.7 months. IFN- ELISpot showed no detectable correlation with adverse metabolic events [area under the curve (AUC)=0.57]. Similarly, cell proliferation analysis showed no detectable correlation with adverse metabolic events (CD3+/CD4+ AUC=0.54; CD3+/CD8+ AUC=0.55; CD3/CD56+ AUC=0.50). CD3/CD56+ cell proliferation was significantly higher in patients with combined kidney transplantation versus islet alone (6 months, p=0.010; 12 months, p=0.016; and 24 months, p=0.018). Donor antigen-stimulated IFN- production and cell proliferation do not predict adverse metabolic events after islet transplantation. This suggests that the volume of transplanted islets is too small to produce a detectable systemic immune response and/or that alloimmune rejection is not the sole reason for the loss of islet graft function.
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23
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Allele polymorphism and haplotype diversity of MICA/B in Tujia nationality of Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:411-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Tonnerre P, Gérard N, Gavlovsky PJ, Mazalrey S, Hourmant M, Cheneau ML, Cesbron-Gautier A, Renaudin K, Bressollette-Bodin C, Charreau B. MICAMutant A5.1 Influences BK Polyomavirus Reactivation and Associated Nephropathy After Kidney Transplantation. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:807-16. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Shabir S, Smith H, Kaul B, Pachnio A, Jham S, Kuravi S, Ball S, Chand S, Moss P, Harper L, Borrows R. Cytomegalovirus-Associated CD4(+) CD28(null) Cells in NKG2D-Dependent Glomerular Endothelial Injury and Kidney Allograft Dysfunction. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1113-28. [PMID: 26603521 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that expansion of a circulating population of atypical, cytotoxic CD4(+) T cells lacking costimulatory CD28 (CD4(+) CD28(null) cells) is associated with latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The purpose of the current study was to increase the understanding of the relevance of these cells in 100 unselected kidney transplant recipients followed prospectively for a median of 54 months. Multicolor flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells before transplantation and serially posttransplantation was undertaken. CD4(+) CD28(null) cells were found predominantly in CMV-seropositive patients and expanded in the posttransplantation period. These cells were predominantly effector-memory phenotype and expressed markers of endothelial homing (CX3CR1) and cytotoxicity (NKG2D and perforin). Isolated CD4(+) CD27(-) CD28(null) cells proliferated in response to peripheral blood mononuclear cells previously exposed to CMV-derived (but not HLA-derived) antigens and following such priming incubation with glomerular endothelium resulted in signs of endothelial damage and apoptosis (release of fractalkine and von Willebrand factor; increased caspase 3 expression). This effect was mitigated by NKG2D-blocking antibody. Increased CD4(+) CD28(null) cell frequencies were associated with delayed graft function and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at end follow-up. This study suggests an important role for this atypical cytotoxic CD4(+) CD28(null) cell subset in kidney transplantation and points to strategies that may minimize the impact on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shabir
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - H Smith
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - B Kaul
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Pachnio
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Jham
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Kuravi
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Ball
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Chand
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Moss
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Harper
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Borrows
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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26
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Harmon C, Sanchez-Fueyo A, O'Farrelly C, Houlihan DD. Natural Killer Cells and Liver Transplantation: Orchestrators of Rejection or Tolerance? Am J Transplant 2016; 16:751-7. [PMID: 26690302 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are highly heterogeneous innate lymphocytes with a diverse repertoire of phenotypes and functions. Their role in organ transplantation has been poorly defined due to conflicting clinical and experimental data. There is evidence that NK cells can contribute to graft rejection and also to tolerance induction. In most solid organ transplantation settings, the role of NK cells is only considered from the perspective of the recipient immune system. In contrast to other organs, the liver contains major resident populations of immune cells, particularly enriched with innate lymphocytes such as NK cells, NKT cells, and gamma-delta T cells. Liver transplantation therefore results in a unique meeting of donor and recipient immune systems. The unusual immune repertoire and tolerogenic environment of the liver may explain why this potentially inflammatory "meeting" often results in attenuated immune responses and reduced requirement for immunosuppression. Recent trials of immunosuppression withdrawal in liver transplant patients have identified NK cell features as possible predictors of tolerance. Here we propose that hepatic NK cells play a key role in the induction of tolerance post-liver transplant and examine potential mechanisms by which these cells influence liver transplant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Harmon
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Sanchez-Fueyo
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - C O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D D Houlihan
- Liver Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Betjes MGH. Clinical consequences of circulating CD28-negative T cells for solid organ transplantation. Transpl Int 2015; 29:274-84. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel G. H. Betjes
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
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28
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Dai Y, Chen Y, Huang H, Zhou W, Niu Y, Zhang M, Bin P, Dong H, Jia Q, Huang J, Yi J, Liao Q, Li H, Teng Y, Zang D, Zhai Q, Duan H, Shen J, He J, Meng T, Sha Y, Shen M, Ye M, Jia X, Xiang Y, Huang H, Wu Q, Shi M, Huang X, Yang H, Luo L, Li S, Li L, Zhao J, Li L, Wang J, Zheng Y. Performance of genetic risk factors in prediction of trichloroethylene induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12169. [PMID: 26190474 PMCID: PMC4507183 DOI: 10.1038/srep12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene induced hypersensitivity syndrome is dose-independent and potentially life threatening disease, which has become one of the serious occupational health issues and requires intensive treatment. To discover the genetic risk factors and evaluate the performance of risk prediction model for the disease, we conducted genomewide association study and replication study with total of 174 cases and 1761 trichloroethylene-tolerant controls. Fifty seven SNPs that exceeded the threshold for genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) were screened to relate with the disease, among which two independent SNPs were identified, that is rs2857281 at MICA (odds ratio, 11.92; P meta = 1.33 × 10(-37)) and rs2523557 between HLA-B and MICA (odds ratio, 7.33; P meta = 8.79 × 10(-35)). The genetic risk score with these two SNPs explains at least 20.9% of the disease variance and up to 32.5-fold variation in inter-individual risk. Combining of two SNPs as predictors for the disease would have accuracy of 80.73%, the area under receiver operator characteristic curves (AUC) scores was 0.82 with sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 85%, which was considered to have excellent discrimination for the disease, and could be considered for translational application for screening employees before exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Dai
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Chen
- BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanlin Huang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Niu
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | | | - Ping Bin
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yunnan province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jianxun Huang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Yi
- Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Haishan Li
- Institute of chemicals safety, Chinese academy of inspection and quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Teng
- Health Supervision Institutionof Dongcheng Health Bureau, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zang
- Food And Drug Administration Of Beijing Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juan Shen
- BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxi He
- Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Sha
- Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meili Shen
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yingping Xiang
- Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiping Huang
- Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qifeng Wu
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xianqing Huang
- Hospital for Occupational Diseases Control of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Sai Li
- BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Li
- BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Laiyu Li
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
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29
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Filippone EJ, Farber JL. Humoral Immune Response and Allograft Function in Kidney Transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 66:337-47. [PMID: 25987262 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HLA antibodies can damage a kidney transplant. In January 2013, consensus guidelines from The Transplantation Society were published regarding technical aspects of HLA antibody determination, as well as their potential significance in the pre- and posttransplantation periods. During the past 2 years, new studies have been reported, but controversies remain. In this article, these new data related to HLA antibodies in kidney transplantation are reviewed and compared to relevant prior research. Pretransplantation sensitization issues are discussed, including the new more sensitive assays (flow cytometry and solid-phase immunoassays such as Luminex single-antigen bead assays). A positive complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch remains an absolute contraindication to transplantation, although a positive flow cytometry crossmatch is only a relative contraindication. Positivity only by solid-phase assays increases the risk for acute rejection and transplant loss, but acceptable cutoffs are not defined. The sensitizing effect of red blood cell transfusions is substantiated. Following allograft failure, continued immunosuppression decreases the risk of sensitization, whereas overall, the effect of nephrectomy remains uncertain. Regarding the posttransplantation period, new data are available concerning the timing and significance of donor-specific antibodies (DSA). Whereas some centers report DSA appearance after years, others detect DSA within months. The prominence of class II DSA, especially DQ, in the posttransplantation period is noted. The relevance of non-HLA antibodies is discussed, including anti-endothelial cell antibodies, major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A antibodies, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Filippone
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - John L Farber
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
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30
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Chen E, Lin L, Chen CJ, Zhang XY, Luo QZ, Yu P. MIC gene polymorphism and haplotype diversity in Zhuang nationality of Southern China. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:953-9. [PMID: 25167773 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.08.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zhuang ethnic minority is the largest minority group in China. Here, we report for the first time the polymorphisms of MICA and MICB in a healthy Zhuang population of 209 unrelated individuals. Using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific priming (PCR-SSP) and sequencing-based typing (PCR-SBT), 13 MICA-sequence alleles and 5 MICA-STR alleles, as well as 11 MICB alleles were detected, among which MICA(∗)010, MICA(∗)A5 and MICB(∗)005:02 were the most frequent alleles. Linkage disequilibria was investigated and the most common two-locus haplotypes were MICB(∗)005:02-MICA(∗)010 and MICB(∗)014-MICA(∗)045. These results suggest informative genetic markers for investigating origins and evolution of MHC class I region haplotypes in Zhuang population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chen
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
| | - L Lin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
| | - C J Chen
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
| | - X Y Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Q Z Luo
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
| | - P Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China.
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31
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Dalessandri T, Strid J. Beneficial autoimmunity at body surfaces - immune surveillance and rapid type 2 immunity regulate tissue homeostasis and cancer. Front Immunol 2014; 5:347. [PMID: 25101088 PMCID: PMC4105846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells (ECs) line body surface tissues and provide a physicochemical barrier to the external environment. Frequent microbial and non-microbial challenges such as those imposed by mechanical disruption, injury or exposure to noxious environmental substances including chemicals, carcinogens, ultraviolet-irradiation, or toxins cause activation of ECs with release of cytokines and chemokines as well as alterations in the expression of cell-surface ligands. Such display of epithelial stress is rapidly sensed by tissue-resident immunocytes, which can directly interact with self-moieties on ECs and initiate both local and systemic immune responses. ECs are thus key drivers of immune surveillance at body surface tissues. However, ECs have a propensity to drive type 2 immunity (rather than type 1) upon non-invasive challenge or stress – a type of immunity whose regulation and function still remain enigmatic. Here, we review the induction and possible role of type 2 immunity in epithelial tissues and propose that rapid immune surveillance and type 2 immunity are key regulators of tissue homeostasis and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Dalessandri
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Jessica Strid
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London , UK
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32
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Wang J, Li Y, Li J. Cell stress response in rat chronic small bowel allograft rejection. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:2539-42. [PMID: 23953577 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to assess the expression of five cell stress molecules: Heat shock protein (HSP)-60, HSP-70, interferon (IFN)-α, rat retinoic acid early induible-1 like transcript (RRLT), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) during rat chronic small bowel allograft rejection. METHODS A rat model of small bowel allograft rejection was induced on postoperative day 90 using F344 rat as donor and Lewis rat as recipient. RESULTS We demonstrated increased expression of lamina propria HSP-60 (mean rank grade 8.3 and 3.2, respectively), graft RRLT (relative mRNA amount 5.1 ± 1.8 and 3.0 ± 1.3, respectively) and IFN-α (relative mRNA amount 108.3 ± 49.2 and 59.2 ± 22.0, respectively) in allograft group compared with the isograft group. CONCLUSION These data suggest the presence of cell stress during chronic small bowel allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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33
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Reinders ME, Hoogduijn MJ. NK Cells and MSCs: Possible Implications for MSC Therapy in Renal Transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4:1000166. [PMID: 24900946 PMCID: PMC4040539 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7633.1000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Ej Reinders
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Transplantation and Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Luo L, Li Z, Wu W, Luo G, Xu C, Sun Z, Mei H. Role of MICA antibodies in solid organ transplantation. Clin Transplant 2013; 28:152-60. [PMID: 24372774 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Department of Research and Education; Guizhou Province People's Hospital; Guiyang China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Guizhou Province People's Hospital; Guiyang China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Department of Gynecology; Guizhou Province People's Hospital; Guiyang China
| | - Guangheng Luo
- Department of Urology Surgery; Guizhou Province People's Hospital; Guiyang China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Guizhou Province People's Hospital; Guiyang China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Urology Surgery; Guizhou Province People's Hospital; Guiyang China
| | - Hong Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Guizhou Province People's Hospital; Guiyang China
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35
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Wang J, Li Y, Li J. Attenuation of rat chronic small bowel allograft rejection by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with reduced expression of graft IL-15. Pediatr Transplant 2013; 17:561-6. [PMID: 23834646 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 was found to play key roles in various immunological processes including chronic rejection after renal and cardiac transplantation. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have shown beneficial effects to chronic allograft rejection. The objective of this study is to search the possible mechanism of this inhibitory effect in chronic small bowel allograft rejection. Animals were divided into three groups: isograft (CsA + corn oil-supplemented diet); allograft (CsA + corn oil-supplemented diet); and allograft (CsA + fish oil-supplemented diet). Donor intestines from F344 rats were transplanted orthotopically into Lewis rat recipients. CsA was administered at 5 mg/kg/day for 2 wk post-operatively. Post-transplant weight was recorded. Histopathological changes and graft IL-15 expression were measured on POD 90. Chronic small bowel allograft rejection developed on POD 90. n-3 PUFA significantly decreased the score of chronic rejection and increased the post-operative weight gain rate. This attenuation is associated with reduced graft IL-15 expression. n-3 PUFA contributed to improved pathological and clinical outcome during chronic small bowel allograft rejection, and this improvement was associated with reduced graft IL-15 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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36
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Li Q, Mei Q, Huyan T, Xie L, Che S, Yang H, Zhang M, Huang Q. Effects of simulated microgravity on primary human NK cells. ASTROBIOLOGY 2013; 13:703-14. [PMID: 23919749 PMCID: PMC3746215 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2013.0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of microgravity on lymphocytes have been demonstrated in previous studies. However, research on the effects of microgravity on human natural killer (NK) cells remains exceedingly limited. In this study, we demonstrated that NK cell cytotoxicity was significantly decreased under simulated microgravity (SMG) conditions (p<0.05). Several processes, including apoptosis, receptor expression, and cytokine secretion, were investigated in human NK cells under SMG. We observed decreased cytotoxicity, concurrent with increased apoptosis and necrosis, in NK cells after exposure to SMG (p<0.05). Additionally, interferon (IFN)-γ and perforin expression decreased significantly, and the expression of granzyme-B was only slightly reduced. Meanwhile, SMG selectively inhibited the expression of certain surface receptors on NK cells. Specifically, the expression of NKG2A and NKG2D were significantly downregulated under SMG, but the expression of NKp30 and NKp44 was not affected. We also found that interleukin (IL)-15 alone or in combination with IL-12 could counteract the inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity under SMG. Our findings indicate that human NK cells were sensitive to SMG, as reflected by their decreased cytotoxicity. Factors such as increased early apoptosis and late apoptosis/necrosis and the decreased expression of INF-γ, cytolytic proteins, and cell surface receptors may be responsible for the loss of cytotoxicity in human NK cells under SMG. A combination of IL-12 and IL-15 may be useful as a therapeutic strategy for overcoming the effects of microgravity on human NK cells during long space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ting Huyan
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Xie
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province, P.R. China
| | - Su Che
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Qingsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A series of recent studies defy conventional wisdom by showing that natural killer (NK) cells exert a powerful and long-lasting influence on the immune response to whole organ allografts. The early activation of NK cells following transplantation is associated with killing of allogeneic target cells and release of immunomodulatory chemokines and cytokines, which can contribute to either rejection or tolerance. Here, we review findings describing NK cell receptors, potential mediators and mechanisms underlying the dual influence of NK cells in solid organ transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS New studies show that NK cells can discriminate between self and foreign tissues and play a key role in the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses after solid organ transplantation. Depending upon the types of NK cell receptors engaged and the nature of cytokines released, early NK cell activation can promote either rejection or tolerance. SUMMARY Solid organ transplantation is associated with the early activation of NK cells, which are then licensed to kill allogeneic target cells directly or via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and release various chemokines and immunomodulatory cytokines. Depending upon the nature of NK cell subsets activated and their ability to kill allogeneic target cells and release certain types of cytokines, NK cells can promote the activation/expansion of pro-inflammatory Th1 cells or regulatory Th2/Treg cells thus tilting the balance of alloimmunity towards rejection or tolerance. An in-depth understanding of these mechanisms will be necessary in order to design therapies targeting NK cells in human transplantation.
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Jiang X, Huang JF, Huo Z, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Wu X, Li Y, Jiang G, Zeng L, Yan XX, Yu P, Cao R. Elevation of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I related chain A protein in malignant and infectious diseases in Chinese patients. BMC Immunol 2012. [PMID: 23181907 PMCID: PMC3552998 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevation of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (sMICA) products in serum has been linked to tissue/organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases and some malignant disorders. Cells infected by microbiological pathogens may release sMICA, whereas less is known whether and to what extent serum sMICA levels may change in infectious diseases. Methods The present study determined serum sMICA levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a southern China population, including patients (n = 1041) suffering from several types of malignant and infectious diseases and healthy controls (n = 141). Results Relative to controls, serum sMICA elevation was significant in patients of hepatic cancer, and was approaching statistical significance in patients with lung, gastric and nasopharyngeal cancers. sMICA elevation was also associated with some bacterial (Enterobacteriaceae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive cocci), viral (hepatitis B and C) and the Microspironema pallidum infections. Conclusion Serum sMICA levels may be informative for the diagnosis of some malignant and infectious diseases. The results also indicate that microbiological infections should be considered as a potential confounding clinical condition causing serum sMICA elevation while using this test to evaluate the status of other disorders, such as cancers, host-graft response and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanhua University, Hengyang, China.
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MICB polymorphism in a southern Chinese Han population: The identification of two new MICB alleles, MICB∗005:06 and MICB∗026. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:818-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Pham B, Piard-Ruster K, Silva R, Gallo A, Esquivel CO, Martinez OM, Krams SM. Changes in natural killer cell subsets in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2012; 16:176-82. [PMID: 22360401 PMCID: PMC3306774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2012.01653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are important in the immune response against tumors and virally infected cells. A balance between inhibitory and activating receptors controls the effector functions of NK cells. We examined the fate of circulating NK cells and the expression of the NK cell-activating receptors in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Blood specimens were collected from 38 pediatric liver transplant recipients before transplant, and at one wk, one, three, six, and nine months, and one yr post-transplant. PBMCs were isolated and analyzed for the levels of NK cell activation receptors NKp30, NKp46, and NKG2D in the CD56(dim) CD16(+) and CD56(bright) CD16(+/-) subsets of NK cells. We demonstrated that there is a significant decrease in the percentage of circulating NK cells post-transplant (pretransplant 7.69 ± 1.54 vs. one wk post-transplant 1.73 ± 0.44) in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Interestingly, NKp30 expression is significantly increased, while NKp46 and NKG2D levels remain stable on the NK cells that persist at one wk post-transplant. These data indicate that the numbers and subsets of circulating NK cells are altered in children after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Pham
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5492, USA
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41
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Blockade of NKG2D Synergized With CTLA4-Ig in Promoting Long-Term Graft Survival in Murine Models of Cardiac Transplantation [RETRACTED]. Transplantation 2012; 93:356-63. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31823ffce7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Shipkova M, Wieland E. Surface markers of lymphocyte activation and markers of cell proliferation. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 413:1338-49. [PMID: 22120733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The individualization of immunosuppression is an approach for preventing rejection in the early phase after transplantation and for avoiding the long-term side effects of over immunosuppression. Pharmacodynamic markers, either specific or nonspecific, have been proposed as complementary tools to drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs. A key event in graft rejection is the activation and proliferation of the recipient's lymphocytes, particularly T cells. Activated T cells express surface receptors, such as CD25 (the IL-2 receptor) and CD71 (the transferrin receptor), or co-stimulatory molecules (CD26, CD27, CD28, CD30, CD154 or CD40L, and CD134). Both surface marker expression and cell proliferation are predominately assessed by flow cytometry. Protocols have been established and utilized for both in vitro and ex vivo investigations with either isolated lymphocytes or whole blood. This article reviews the current body of research regarding the use of lymphocyte proliferation and surface activation markers with an emphasis on T cells. Experimental and clinical results related to these markers, as well as methodological issues and open questions, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shipkova
- Zentralinstitut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratorioumsmedizin, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Azimzadeh AM, Lees JR, Ding Y, Bromberg JS. Immunobiology of transplantation: impact on targets for large and small molecules. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 90:229-42. [PMID: 21716276 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the preferred method of treatment for many forms of end-stage organ failure. However, immunosuppressive drugs that are used to avoid rejection can result in numerous undesirable effects (infection, malignancy, hypertension, diabetes, and accelerated arteriosclerosis). Moreover, they are not effective at preventing chronic rejection resulting in late graft loss. This review summarizes the fundamental concepts underlying the rejection of solid-organ allografts with the aim of highlighting potential new targets for therapeutics. Future improvement will depend on new therapeutic moieties, including biologics, to target various pathways of both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. Results from some of the most recent clinical trials in transplantation and emerging new therapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Azimzadeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Pröll J, Danzer M, Stabentheiner S, Niklas N, Hackl C, Hofer K, Atzmüller S, Hufnagl P, Gülly C, Hauser H, Krieger O, Gabriel C. Sequence capture and next generation resequencing of the MHC region highlights potential transplantation determinants in HLA identical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. DNA Res 2011; 18:201-10. [PMID: 21622977 PMCID: PMC3158463 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsr008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
How cells coordinate the immune system activities is important for potentially life-saving organ or stem cell transplantations. Polymorphic immunoregulatory genes, many of them located in the human major histocompatibility complex, impact the process and assure the proper execution of tolerance-versus-activity mechanisms. In haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, on the basis of fully human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor–recipient pairs, adverse effects like graft versus leukaemia and graft versus host are observed and difficult to handle. So far, high-resolution HLA typing was performed with Sanger sequencing, but for methodological reasons information on additional immunocompetent major histocompatibility complex loci has not been revealed. Now, we have used microarray sequence capture and targeted enrichment combined with next generation pyrosequencing for 3.5 million base pair human major histocompatibility complex resequencing in a clinical transplant setting and describe 3025 variant single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions among recipient and donor in a single sequencing experiment. Taken together, the presented data show that sequence capture and massively parallel pyrosequencing can be used as a new tool for risk assessment in the setting of allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Lu J, Luo L, Guo Y, Long D, Wei L, Shan J, Feng L, Li S, Yang X, Lu Y, Krams S, Li Y. The effect of MICA antigens on transplant outcomes: a systematic review. J Evid Based Med 2011; 4:106-21. [PMID: 23672701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-5391.2011.01125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene A (MICA) is reportedly associated with poor transplant outcomes and a high risk of acute and chronic rejection in solid organ transplantation. However, studies on these risks have found conflicting results. In order to identify areas in which additional research is needed, we have undertaken the first systematic review of evidence concerning the risk of anti-MICA antibodies in recipients' sera. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for original reports of clinical studies involving detection of MICA abs in transplant recipients' sera which used survival rate, acute rejection, and/or chronic rejection as outcome measures. RevMan 5.0.15 was used to calculate relative risk (RR), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). RESULTS We found 18 relevant articles, with a total of 6,607 recipients. Follow-up duration ranged from 1 to 15 years. In studies with more than 2 years of follow-up, anti-MICA abs positive in kidney recipients' post-transplant sera was associated with a lower graft survival rate (4 years: RR = 2.04, 95%CI 1.30 to 3.22; 3 years: OR = 3.56, 95%CI 1.47 to 8.62; 2 years: RR = 2.17, 95%CI 1.09 to 4.31) and a higher acute rejection rate (RR = 1.92, 95%CI 1.27 to 2.91), but there was no clear association with chronic rejection. Similar conclusions could not be drawn for heart or liver transplantation due to possible confounding by anti-HLA abs and the small sample sizes of the available studies. CONCLUSION Anti-MICA antibodies in recipients' sera may associated with poor graft survival rates and high risk of acute and chronic rejection in solid organ transplantation, but more rigorous studies are needed to confirm or refute this relationship. Current immunosuppressive therapy may fail to suppress the harmful effect of MICA antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Villard J. The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Human Solid Organ and Tissue Transplantation. J Innate Immun 2011; 3:395-402. [DOI: 10.1159/000324400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Novel markers in zero-hour kidney biopsies indicate graft quality and clinical outcome. Transplantation 2010; 90:958-65. [PMID: 20859252 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181f546e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In renal transplantation, allograft biopsies provide valuable diagnostic information indicating adverse allograft outcome posttransplantation. To uncover novel candidate markers characteristic of subtle inflammation and immune activation present during the intraoperative period, we investigated messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expression profiles in renal zero biopsies. METHODS Transcription profiles from deceased donors (n=63) and living donors (n=26) were investigated for inflammation-associated markers in zero-hour biopsies by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We observed a significant induction of the chemokine receptor 7 ligands [C-C motif] ligand 19/21 in the deceased donor group (P<0.001). Additionally, along with the induction of the activation marker CD69 (P<0.01), we further detected significant elevated mRNA levels of the inducible immunoproteasome subunits PSMB8, PSMB9, and PSMB10 (P<0.001, respectively). Candidate markers were further tested for posttransplantation clinical outcomes showing the potential to predict the development of delayed graft function, acute rejection, and renal function after 6 months. For instance, by combining mRNA gene expression profiles with clinical patient data, the analysis revealed high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (84%, area under the curve=0.93) for the prediction of acute rejection. CONCLUSIONS Zero-hour biopsies of renal allografts may provide useful information on subclinical pathological changes in the grafted kidney. The identification of CCL19/21 or PSMB8/9/10 makes these molecules particularly suitable as potential candidate targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Luo L, Lu J, Wei L, Long D, Guo JY, Shan J, Li FS, Lu PY, Li PY, Feng L. The role of HIF-1 in up-regulating MICA expression on human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells during hypoxia/reoxygenation. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:91. [PMID: 21092233 PMCID: PMC3000391 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) plays a dual role in adaptive and innate immune responses. Increasing evidence demonstrates that MICA is closely correlated with acute and chronic kidney allograft rejection. Therefore, understanding the activation mechanisms of MICA is important in kidney transplantation. We previously demonstrated that ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) could up-regulate MICA expression on mouse kidney allografts. Since hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the master regulator of cellular adaptive responses to hypoxia during IRI, here we investigate whether HIF-1 could up-regulate MICA expression and its influence on NK cell cytotoxicity. Results We find that HIF-1alpha plays an important role in up-regulating MICA expression, inducing IFNgamma secretion and NK cell cytotoxicity during hypoxia/reoxygenation. First, we generated a HIF-1alphaDELTAODD-expressing adenovirus to stably and functionally express HIF-1alpha in human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells under normoxia conditions. HIF-1alpha over-expression in HK-2 cells induces MICA expression and enhances NK cell cytotoxic activity towards cells that express HIF-1alpha. Second, we used a hypoxia/reoxygenation cell model to simulate IRI in vitro and found that the suppression of HIF-1alpha by RNAi induces down-regulation of MICA expression and inhibits NK cytotoxicity. In antibody blocking experiments, an anti-MICA mAb was able to down-regulate NK cell cytotoxic activity towards HK-2 cells that over-expressed HIF-1alpha. Moreover, when NK cells were co-cultured with the HK-2 cells expressing MICA, which was up-regulated by over-expression of HIF-1alpha, there was a significant increase in the secretion of IFNgamma. In the presence of the blocking MICA mAb, IFNgamma secretion was significantly decreased. Conclusions These results demonstrate that hypoxia/reoxygenation-promoted MICA expression on HK-2 cells is through a HIF-1 pathway. The increased IFNgamma secretion and enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity was mainly due to the surface expression of MICA induced by over-expression of HIF-1alpha. This study enhances our understanding of MICA activation mechanisms during kidney transplantation and provides insights into how IRI can influence transplant outcome. Moreover, these findings might be also important for developing strategies to reduce the effect of MICA in kidney transplant outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of Health Ministry of China
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Hadaya K, Avila Y, Valloton L, de Rham C, Bandelier C, Ferrari-Lacraz S, Pascual M, Pantaleo G, Martin PY, Buhler L, Villard J. Natural killer cell receptor—Repertoire and functions after induction therapy by polyclonal rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin in unsensitized kidney transplant recipients. Clin Immunol 2010; 137:250-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Donor-specific antibodies to human leukocyte antigens are associated with and precede antibodies to major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A in antibody-mediated rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy after human cardiac transplantation. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:1191-6. [PMID: 20868717 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses to mismatched donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related chain A (MICA) have been reported to contribute to immunopathogenesis of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in the early period and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in the late period after cardiac transplantation (HTx). The goal of this study is to define the roles of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and anti-MICA in AMR and CAV. A total of 95 post-HTx recipients were enrolled; 43 patients in the early period (≤ 12 months post-HTx) and 52 patients in the late period (>12 months post-HTx). Development of DSA and anti-MICA were serially monitored using Luminex. Development of DSA (AMR+: n = 6/8.75%, AMR-: n = 4/35.11%, p = 0.009) and anti-MICA (AMR+: n = 5/8.63%, AMR-: n = 4/35.11%, p = 0.002) was significantly associated with AMR. AMR+DSA+ patients demonstrated increased anti-MICA levels compared with AMR+DSA- patients (p=0.01). Serial monitoring revealed DSA (2.7 ± 1.4 months) preceded development of anti-MICA (6.5 ± 2.1 months) in recipients diagnosed with AMR at 8.3 ± 2.5 months post-HTx. Development of DSA (CAV+: n = 8/12.67%, CAV-: n = 5/40.13%, p = 0.004) and anti-MICA (CAV+: n = 9/12.75%, CAV-: n = 5/40.13%, p = 0.001) was significantly associated with CAV. CAV+DSA+ patients demonstrated increased anti-MICA levels compared with CAV+DSA- patients (p = 0.01). Antibodies to HLA are associated with and precede development of anti-MICA in AMR and CAV. Therefore, DSA and anti-MICA can be used as noninvasive markers for monitoring AMR and CAV.
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