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Alazzam MF, Rasheed IB, Aljundi SH, Shamiyah DA, Khader YS, Abdelhafez RS, Alrashdan MS. Oral processing behavior and dental caries; an insight into a new relationship. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306143. [PMID: 38954716 PMCID: PMC11218957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous evidence suggests an individual variation in the preferred oral processing behavior. Individuals can be classified as firm processing(FPL) or soft processing likers(SPL). FPL(crunchers and chewers) prefer using their teeth while SPL(smooshers and suckers) prefer using the tongue and the palate when processing different food items. Variation in the preferred oral processing behavior has been associated with differences in food texture preference and eating time. Time is one of the factors directly related to the development of dental caries(tooth decay). Oral retention and eating times are associated with greater caries experience. This study aims to explore if a relationship exists between the preferred oral processing behavior and the individual's caries experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional, dental center-based study conducted at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Five hundred participants consented to fill out the preferred oral processing behavior(POPB) questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements (including weight, height, and waist circumference) were recorded. A single trained and calibrated dentist registered each participant's caries experience and plaque levels using the DMFS index and plaque index of Silness and Loe. RESULTS A total of 351(70.2%) and 149(29.8%) participants were typed as FPL and SPL, respectively. SPL demonstrated higher levels of dental caries experience compared to FPL. The mean DMFS score for SPL was 28.8(±25.43) while for FPL was 18.71(± 18.34). This difference remained significant after adjustment for confounders(P<0.001). SPL exhibited a significantly higher mean score for the "M" component(P <0.001) while no significant difference in the mean score of the "D"(P = 0.076) and "F"(P = 0.272) components was observed when compared to FPL. CONCLUSION The current findings provide new insight into a possible relationship between the preferred oral processing behavior and an individual's caries experience. A relationship in which the preferred oral processing behavior can potentially affect and/or be affected by the dental caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie F. Alazzam
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Issam B. Rasheed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Suhad H. Aljundi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dalal A. Shamiyah
- Undergraduate Bachelor of Dental Surgery Program, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousef S. Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reem S. Abdelhafez
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S. Alrashdan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Senthil Kumar S, Johnson MDL, Wilson JE. Insights into the enigma of oral streptococci in carcinogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0009523. [PMID: 38506551 PMCID: PMC11338076 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00095-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe genus Streptococcus consists of a taxonomically diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria that have earned significant scientific interest due to their physiological and pathogenic characteristics. Within the genus Streptococcus, viridans group streptococci (VGS) play a significant role in the oral ecosystem, constituting approximately 80% of the oral biofilm. Their primary role as pioneering colonizers in the oral cavity with multifaceted interactions like adherence, metabolic signaling, and quorum sensing contributes significantly to the complex dynamics of the oral biofilm, thus shaping oral health and disease outcomes. Perturbations in oral streptococci composition drive oral dysbiosis and therefore impact host-pathogen interactions, resulting in oral inflammation and representing VGS as an opportunistic pathogen. The association of oral streptococci in tumors across distant organs, spanning the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and colon, illuminates a potential association between oral streptococci, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. This finding emphasizes the need for further investigations into the role of oral streptococci in mucosal homeostasis and their involvement in carcinogenesis. Hence, here, we review the significance of oral streptococci in biofilm dynamics and how the perturbation may impact mucosal immunopathogenesis in the context of cancer, with a vision of exploiting oral streptococci for cancer intervention and for the development of non-invasive cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Senthil Kumar
- Department of
Immunobiology, The University of
Arizona, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
- The University of
Arizona Cancer Center,
Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael D. L. Johnson
- Department of
Immunobiology, The University of
Arizona, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
- Valley Fever Center
for Excellence, The University of Arizona College of
Medicine, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The
University of Arizona College of
Medicine, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
- Asthma and Airway
Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona College of
Medicine, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
| | - Justin E. Wilson
- Department of
Immunobiology, The University of
Arizona, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
- The University of
Arizona Cancer Center,
Tucson, Arizona, USA
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3
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Kashyap B, Kullaa A. Salivary Metabolites Produced by Oral Microbes in Oral Diseases and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Metabolites 2024; 14:277. [PMID: 38786754 PMCID: PMC11122927 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, salivary metabolome studies have provided new biological information and salivary biomarkers to diagnose different diseases at early stages. The saliva in the oral cavity is influenced by many factors that are reflected in the salivary metabolite profile. Oral microbes can alter the salivary metabolite profile and may express oral inflammation or oral diseases. The released microbial metabolites in the saliva represent the altered biochemical pathways in the oral cavity. This review highlights the oral microbial profile and microbial metabolites released in saliva and its use as a diagnostic biofluid for different oral diseases. The importance of salivary metabolites produced by oral microbes as risk factors for oral diseases and their possible relationship in oral carcinogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arja Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
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Surekha S, Lamiyan AK, Gupta V. Antibiotic Resistant Biofilms and the Quest for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:20-35. [PMID: 38468748 PMCID: PMC10924852 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major leading causes of death around the globe. Present treatment pipelines are insufficient to overcome the critical situation. Prominent biofilm forming human pathogens which can thrive in infection sites using adaptive features results in biofilm persistence. Considering the present scenario, prudential investigations into the mechanisms of resistance target them to improve antibiotic efficacy is required. Regarding this, developing newer and effective treatment options using edge cutting technologies in medical research is the need of time. The reasons underlying the adaptive features in biofilm persistence have been centred on different metabolic and physiological aspects. The high tolerance levels against antibiotics direct researchers to search for novel bioactive molecules that can help combat the problem. In view of this, the present review outlines the focuses on an opportunity of different strategies which are in testing pipeline can thus be developed into products ready to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Surekha
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Varsha Gupta
- GMCH: Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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5
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Jiang W, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Yen E, Zou B. Bioceramic micro-fillers reinforce antibiofilm and remineralization properties of clear aligner attachment materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1346959. [PMID: 38318418 PMCID: PMC10840140 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1346959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Clear aligners, while offering a more hygienic alternative to fixed appliances, are still associated with challenges including plaque accumulation and enamel demineralization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibiofilm and remineralization effectiveness of innovative flowable composite attachments containing bioceramic micro-fillers. Methods: Four experimental attachments were formulated and bonded to human enamel specimens: 3M Filtek Supreme flowable composite (Filtek SF) + 10% bioactive glass 45S5 (BAG), Filtek SF + 30% BAG, Filtek SF + 10% Bredigite (BRT), Filtek SF + 30% BRT. Plaque biofilms were grown on the bonded enamel using a standardized protocol and the biofilm-killing effect was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Vickers microhardness was measured to evaluate the remineralization effect of the attachments containing bioceramic fillers after acid challenge. Shear bond test was performed to assess the bonding strength. Results: Attachments with bioceramic fillers significantly inhibited plaque biofilm growth in 3 weeks on enamel, contributing over 20% bacterial cell killing in 10% filler groups and over 30% killing in 30% filler groups. All four experimental groups demonstrated significantly higher microhardness values than the control group without fillers on the attachment side. The shear bonding strength was not compromised in the attachments with micro-fillers. Discussion: Proper incorporation of bioceramic micro-fillers in attachments provides an innovative approach for clear aligner therapy with reinforced antibiofilm and remineralization effects without weakening shear bonding strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Jiang
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edwin Yen
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bingshuang Zou
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Arredondo A, Àlvarez G, Isabal S, Teughels W, Laleman I, Contreras MJ, Isbej L, Huapaya E, Mendoza G, Mor C, Nart J, Blanc V, León R. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing study of subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis from four different countries. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1176-1187. [PMID: 37246304 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the differences between the subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects (HS) and periodontitis patients (PP) from four different countries through a metagenomic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgingival samples were obtained from subjects from four different countries. Microbial composition was analysed through high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The country of origin, diagnosis and clinical and demographic variables of the subjects were used to analyse the microbial profiles. RESULTS In total, 506 subgingival samples were analysed: 196 from HS and 310 from patients with periodontitis. Differences in richness, diversity and microbial composition were observed when comparing samples pertaining to different countries of origin and different subject diagnoses. Clinical variables, such as bleeding on probing, did not significantly affect the bacterial composition of the samples. A highly conserved core of microbiota associated with periodontitis was detected, while the microbiota associated with periodontally HS was much more diverse. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal diagnosis of the subjects was the main variable explaining the composition of the microbiota in the subgingival niche. Nevertheless, the country of origin also had a significant impact on the microbiota and is therefore an important factor to consider when describing subgingival bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Isabal
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M J Contreras
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Isbej
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Huapaya
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - G Mendoza
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania, School of dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C Mor
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R León
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Parga A, Balboa S, Otero-Casal P, Otero A. New Preventive Strategy against Oral Biofilm Formation in Caries-Active Children: An In Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1263. [PMID: 37627682 PMCID: PMC10451667 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum quenching (QQ) is the inhibition of bacterial communication, i.e., quorum sensing (QS). QS is a key mechanism in regulating biofilm formation and phenotype in complex bacterial communities, such as those found within cariogenic biofilms. Whereas QQ approaches were shown to effectively reduce biomass, knowledge of their impact on the taxonomic composition of oral polymicrobial biofilms remains scarce. Here, we investigate the effect of the QQ lactonase Aii20J on biomass production and taxonomical composition of biofilms. We collected supragingival plaque samples from 10 caries-free and 10 caries-active children and cultured them to generate in vitro biofilms. We describe significant biomass reductions upon Aii20J exposure, as assessed by crystal violet assays. Taxonomical profiling using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed no significant changes in bacterial composition at the genus level. Interestingly, at the species level Aii20J-treatment increased the abundance of Streptococcus cristatus and Streptococcus salivarius. Both S. cristatus and S. salivarius express pH-buffering enzymes (arginine deiminase and urease, respectively) that catalyze ammonia production, thereby potentially raising local pH and counteracting the biofilm's cariogenic potential. Within the limitations of the study, our findings provide evidence of the biofilm-modulating ability of QQ and offer novel insights into alternative strategies to restore homeostasis within dysbiotic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Parga
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Sabela Balboa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Cross-Disciplinary Research in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paz Otero-Casal
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unit of Oral Health, Centro de Saúde Santa Comba-Negreira, SERGAS, 15841 Santa Comba, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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8
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Wuersching SN, Westphal D, Stawarczyk B, Edelhoff D, Kollmuss M. Surface properties and initial bacterial biofilm growth on 3D-printed oral appliances: a comparative in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2667-2677. [PMID: 36576565 PMCID: PMC10264496 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the initial bacterial adhesion on 3D-printed splint materials in relation to their surface properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of five printable splint resins (SHERAprint-ortho plus UV, NextDent Ortho Rigid, LuxaPrint Ortho Plus, V-Print Splint, KeySplint Soft), one polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) block for subtractive manufacturing (Astron CLEARsplint Disc), two conventional powder/liquid PMMA materials (FuturaGen, Astron CLEARsplint), and one polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) thermoplastic sheet for vacuum forming (Erkodur Thermoforming Foil) were produced and finished. Surface roughness Ra was determined via contact profilometry. Surface morphology was examined under a scanning electron microscope. Multi-species bacterial biofilms were grown on entire splints. Total biofilm mass and viable bacterial counts (CFU/ml) within the biofilms were determined. Statistical analyses were performed with a one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and Pearson's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Astron CLEARsplint and KeySplint Soft specimens showed the highest surface roughness. The mean total biofilm mass on KeySplint Soft splints was higher compared to all other materials (p < 0.05). Colony-forming unit per milliliter on FuturaGen, Astron CLEARsplint, and KeySplint Soft splints was one log scale higher compared to all other materials. The other four printable resins displayed overall lower Ra, biofilm mass, and CFU/ml. A positive correlation was found between Ra and CFU/ml (r = 0.69, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The 3D-printed splints showed overall favorable results regarding surface roughness and bacterial adhesion. Thermoplastic materials seem to display a higher surface roughness, making them more susceptible to microbial adhesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The development of caries and gingivitis in patients with oral appliances may be affected by the type of material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Noreen Wuersching
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - David Westphal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Edelhoff
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kollmuss
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Archambault L, Koshy-Chenthittayil S, Thompson A, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A, Laubenbacher R, Mendes P. Corrected and Republished from: "Understanding Lactobacillus paracasei and Streptococcus oralis Biofilm Interactions through Agent-Based Modeling". mSphere 2023; 8:e0065622. [PMID: 36942961 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00656-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As common commensals residing on mucosal tissues, Lactobacillus species are known to promote health, while some Streptococcus species act to enhance the pathogenicity of other organisms in those environments. In this study we used a combination of in vitro imaging of live biofilms and computational modeling to explore biofilm interactions between Streptococcus oralis, an accessory pathogen in oral candidiasis, and Lactobacillus paracasei, an organism with known probiotic properties. A computational agent-based model was created where the two species interact only by competing for space, oxygen, and glucose. Quantification of bacterial growth in live biofilms indicated that S. oralis biomass and cell numbers were much lower than predicted by the model. Two subsequent models were then created to examine more complex interactions between these species, one where L. paracasei secretes a surfactant and another where L. paracasei secretes an inhibitor of S. oralis growth. We observed that the growth of S. oralis could be affected by both mechanisms. Further biofilm experiments support the hypothesis that L. paracasei may secrete an inhibitor of S. oralis growth, although they do not exclude that a surfactant could also be involved. This contribution shows how agent-based modeling and experiments can be used in synergy to address multiple-species biofilm interactions, with important roles in mucosal health and disease. IMPORTANCE We previously discovered a role of the oral commensal Streptococcus oralis as an accessory pathogen. S. oralis increases the virulence of Candida albicans infections in murine oral candidiasis and epithelial cell models through mechanisms which promote the formation of tissue-damaging biofilms. Lactobacillus species have known inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of many microbes, including Streptococcus species. Agent-based modeling has great advantages as a means of exploring multifaceted relationships between organisms in complex environments such as biofilms. Here, we used an iterative collaborative process between experimentation and modeling to reveal aspects of the mostly unexplored relationship between S. oralis and L. paracasei in biofilm growth. The inhibitory nature of L. paracasei on S. oralis in biofilms may be exploited as a means of preventing or alleviating mucosal fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Archambault
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sherli Koshy-Chenthittayil
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Angela Thompson
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Pedro Mendes
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Liu S, Xie G, Chen M, He Y, Yu W, Chen X, Mao W, Liu N, Zhang Y, Chang Q, Qiao Y, Ma X, Xue J, Jin M, Guo S, Hou Y, Gao Z. Oral microbial dysbiosis in patients with periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1121399. [PMID: 36844402 PMCID: PMC9948037 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1121399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral microbiota is closely related to the homeostasis of the oral cavity and lungs. To provide potential information for the prediction, screening, and treatment strategies of individuals, this study compared and investigated the bacterial signatures in periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and methods We collected subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples from 112 individuals (31 healthy controls, 24 patients with periodontitis, 28 patients with COPD, and 29 patients with both periodontitis and COPD). The oral microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and diversity and functional prediction analysis were performed. Results We observed higher bacterial richness in individuals with periodontitis in both types of oral samples. Using LEfSe and DESeq2 analyses, we found differentially abundant genera that may be potential biomarkers for each group. Mogibacterium is the predominant genus in COPD. Ten genera, including Desulfovibrio, Filifactor, Fretibacterium, Moraxella, Odoribacter, Pseudoramibacter Pyramidobacter, Scardovia, Shuttleworthia and Treponema were predominant in periodontitis. Bergeyella, Lautropia, Rothia, Propionibacterium and Cardiobacterium were the signature of the healthy controls. The significantly different pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) between healthy controls and other groups were concentrated in genetic information processing, translation, replication and repair, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. Conclusions We found the significant differences in the bacterial community and functional characterization of oral microbiota in periodontitis, COPD and comorbid diseases. Compared to gingival crevicular fluid, subgingival plaque may be more appropriate for reflecting the difference of subgingival microbiota in periodontitis patients with COPD. These results may provide potentials for predicting, screening, and treatment strategies for individuals with periodontitis and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Liu
- School of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Guofang Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Meifeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Yukun He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Weigang Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Nanxia Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Qin Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Yingying Qiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Xinqian Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtong Jin
- Department of Science and Education, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Shuming Guo
- Nursing department, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Yudong Hou
- School of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Parga A, Muras A, Otero-Casal P, Arredondo A, Soler-Ollé A, Àlvarez G, Alcaraz LD, Mira A, Blanc V, Otero A. The quorum quenching enzyme Aii20J modifies in vitro periodontal biofilm formation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1118630. [PMID: 36816581 PMCID: PMC9932050 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1118630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have revealed the presence of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) quorum sensing (QS) signals in the oral environment. Yet, their role in oral biofilm development remains scarcely investigated. The use of quorum quenching (QQ) strategies targeting AHLs has been described as efficient for the control of pathogenic biofilms. Here, we evaluate the use of a highly active AHL-targeting QQ enzyme, Aii20J, to modulate oral biofilm formation in vitro. Methods The effect of the QQ enzyme was studied in in vitro multispecies biofilms generated from oral samples taken from healthy donors and patients with periodontal disease. Subgingival samples were used as inocula, aiming to select members of the microbiota of the periodontal pocket niche in the in vitro biofilms. Biofilm formation abilities and microbial composition were studied upon treating the biofilms with the QQ enzyme Aii20J. Results and Discussion The addition of the enzyme resulted in significant biofilm mass reductions in 30 - 60% of the subgingival-derived biofilms, although standard AHLs could not be found in the supernatants of the cultured biofilms. Changes in biofilm mass were not accompanied by significant alterations of bacterial relative abundance at the genus level. The investigation of 125 oral supragingival metagenomes and a synthetic subgingival metagenome revealed a surprisingly high abundance and broad distribution of homologous of the AHL synthase HdtS and several protein families of AHL receptors, as well as an enormous presence of QQ enzymes, pointing to the existence of an intricate signaling network in oral biofilms that has been so far unreported, and should be further investigated. Together, our findings support the use of Aii20J to modulate polymicrobial biofilm formation without changing the microbiome structure of the biofilm. Results in this study suggest that AHLs or AHL-like molecules affect oral biofilm formation, encouraging the application of QQ strategies for oral health improvement, and reinforcing the importance of personalized approaches to oral biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Parga
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Muras
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paz Otero-Casal
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unit of Oral Health, Santa Comba-Negreira, (CS) SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Agnès Soler-Ollé
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Luis D. Alcaraz
- Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Otero,
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12
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Biofilm ecology associated with dental caries: Understanding of microbial interactions in oral communities leads to development of therapeutic strategies targeting cariogenic biofilms. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 122:27-75. [PMID: 37085193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
A biofilm is a sessile community characterized by cells attached to the surface and organized into a complex structural arrangement. Dental caries is a biofilm-dependent oral disease caused by infection with cariogenic pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans, and associated with frequent exposure to a sugar-rich diet and poor oral hygiene. The virulence of cariogenic biofilms is often associated with the spatial organization of S. mutans enmeshed with exopolysaccharides on tooth surfaces. However, in the oral cavity, S. mutans does not act alone, and several other microbes contribute to cariogenic biofilm formation. Microbial communities in cariogenic biofilms are spatially organized into complex structural arrangements of various microbes and extracellular matrices. The balance of microbiota diversity with reduced diversity and a high proportion of acidogenic-aciduric microbiota within the biofilm is closely related to the disease state. Understanding the characteristics of polymicrobial biofilms and the association of microbial interactions within the biofilm (e.g., symbiosis, cooperation, and competition) in terms of their potential role in the pathogenesis of oral disease would help develop new strategies for interventions in virulent biofilm formation.
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13
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Akimbekov NS, Digel I, Yerezhepov AY, Shardarbek RS, Wu X, Zha J. Nutritional factors influencing microbiota-mediated colonization resistance of the oral cavity: A literature review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1029324. [PMID: 36337619 PMCID: PMC9630914 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1029324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a key biocenosis for many distinct microbial communities that interact with both the external environment and internal body systems. The oral microbiota is a vital part of the human microbiome. It has been developed through mutual interactions among the environment, host physiological state, and microbial community composition. Indigenious microbiota of the oral cavity is one of the factors that prevent adhesion and invasion of pathogens on the mucous membrane, i.e., the development of the infectious process and thereby participating in the implementation of one of the mechanisms of local immunity-colonization resistance. The balance between bacterial symbiosis, microbial virulence, and host resistance ensures the integrity of the oral cavity. In this review we have tried to address how nutritional factors influence integrity of the oral indigenous microbiota and its involvement in colonization resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuraly S. Akimbekov
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ilya Digel
- Institute for Bioengineering, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Adil Y. Yerezhepov
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Raiymbek S. Shardarbek
- Department of Internal Diseases, Kazakh National Medical University Named After S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
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14
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Chattopadhyay I, Lu W, Manikam R, Malarvili MB, Ambati RR, Gundamaraju R. Can metagenomics unravel the impact of oral bacteriome in human diseases? Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 39:85-117. [PMID: 35861776 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Oral microbial ecosystems are vital in maintaining the health of the oral cavity and the entire body. Oral microbiota is associated with the progression of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, head and neck cancer, and several systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, diabetes, lung infection, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Buccal mucosa, tongue dorsum, hard palate, saliva, palatine tonsils, throat, keratinized gingiva, supra-gingival plaque, subgingival plaque, dentures, and lips are microbial habitats of the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis may have a role in the development of periodontal diseases, oral cancer, diabetes, and atherosclerotic disease. Fusobacterium nucleatum showed a higher abundance in periodontal diseases, oral and colon cancer, adverse pregnancy outcomes, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. The higher abundance of Prevotella intermedia is typical in periodontal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and adverse pregnancy outcome. S. salivarius displayed higher abundance in both dental caries and OSCC. Oral bacteria may influence systemic diseases through inflammation by releasing pro inflammatory cytokines. Identification of oral bacteria using culture-dependent approaches and next-generation sequencing-based metagenomic approaches is believed to significantly identify the therapeutic targets and non-invasive diagnostic indicators in different human diseases. Oral bacteria in saliva could be exploited as a non-invasive diagnostic indicator for the early detection of oral and systemic disorders. Other therapeutic approaches such as the use of probiotics, green tea polyphenol, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) therapy, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, and antimicrobial peptides are used to inhibit the growth of biofilm formation by oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rishya Manikam
- Trauma and Emergency, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M B Malarvili
- School of Biomedical and Health Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Ranga Rao Ambati
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan`s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER stress and Mucosal immunology lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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15
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Zhuo H, Zhang X, Li M, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Derived from LL-37. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060754. [PMID: 35740160 PMCID: PMC9220503 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a pathological condition involving tissues around dental implants that are characterized by inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa and progressive loss of supporting bone. We found that the antimicrobial peptide KR-12-3 (KRIVKWIKKFLR) derived from LL-37 had antibacterial properties against Streptococcus gordonii. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities and its underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the antibacterial activities of antimicrobial peptides in planktonic and biofilm states by measuring their minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and biofilm susceptibility. The effects of antimicrobial peptides on the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other experiments, and their toxicity to MC3T3-E1 cells was also studied. While maintaining low cytotoxicity, KR-12-3 exhibited growth inhibitory effects on S. gordonii in planktonic and biofilm states. Lower concentrations of KR-12-3 treatment reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.8 cells. The mechanisms underlying the inhibition of biofilm formation and anti-inflammatory effects have been associated with the low expression of related genes. KR-12-3 may be used to develop an antibacterial, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory drugs for peri-implantitis.
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16
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Mechanistic Effects of E-Liquids on Biofilm Formation and Growth of Oral Commensal Streptococcal Communities: Effect of Flavoring Agents. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10050085. [PMID: 35621538 PMCID: PMC9139693 DOI: 10.3390/dj10050085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vaping has become a global health concern. As research continues, more studies are beginning to question the relative safety of E-liquid flavoring additives. The oral cavity is the first site of exposure to E-liquid aerosol, making it critical for investigation. Because of the importance of commensal bacterial biofilms for oral health, we sought to explore the effects of E-liquids ± flavors on the formation and growth of single- and multi-species biofilms and to investigate the mechanism of inhibition. Methods: Quantitative and confocal biofilm analysis, death curves, and colony-forming units (CFU) were evaluated with flavorless and flavored (tobacco, menthol, cinnamon, strawberry, blueberry) E-liquids using four strains of oral commensal bacteria (Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus oralis). Results: All flavoring agents show a dose-dependent inhibition in the growth of single-species and multi-species biofilms. Furthermore, CFUs, death curves, and light microscopy show that flavoring agents have a bactericidal mode of inhibition on the growth of these oral streptococci. Conclusions: These results show that flavored, rather than unflavored, E-liquids are more detrimental to biofilm formation and growth of oral commensal bacteria. Consequently, E-liquid flavorings agents could pose risks to the oral microenvironment, and by extension, to systemic health.
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17
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Yang R, Liu T, Pang C, Cai Y, Lin Z, Guo L, Wei X. The Regulatory Effect of Coaggregation Between Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus gordonii on the Synergistic Virulence to Human Gingival Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:879423. [PMID: 35573793 PMCID: PMC9100429 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In subgingival plaque biofilms, Fusobacterium nucleatum is closely related to the occurrence and development of periodontitis. Streptococcus gordonii, as an accessory pathogen, can coaggregate with periodontal pathogens, facilitating the subgingival colonization of periodontal pathogens. Studies have shown that F. nucleatum can coaggregate with S. gordonii and colonize the subgingival plaque. However, most studies have focused on monocultures or coinfection of species and the potential impact of coaggregation between the two species on periodontal interactions to human gingival epithelial cells (hGECs) remains poorly understood. The present study explored the effect of coaggregation between F. nucleatum and S. gordonii on subgingival synergistic virulence to hGECs. The results showed that coaggregation inhibited the adhesion and invasion of F. nucleatum to hGECs compared with that in the F. nucleatum monoculture and coinfection group. Coaggregation and coinfection with F. nucleatum both enhanced S. gordonii adhesion to hGECs, but neither of the two groups affected S. gordonii invasion to hGECs compared with S. gordonii monoculture. The gene expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in hGECs in the coaggregation group were higher than those in the monoculture groups but lower than those in the coinfection group. Compared with coinfection, the coaggregation inhibited apoptosis of hGECs and promoted the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by hGECs, showed a synergistic inflammatory effect, while coaggregation inhibited the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1. Coaggregation enhanced the phosphorylation of p65, p38, and JNK proteins and therefore activated the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Pretreatment with a pathway antagonist/inhibitor decreased the phosphorylation levels of proteins and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. In conclusion, coaggregation inhibited the adhesion and invasion of F. nucleatum to hGECs. However, it enhanced the adhesion of S. gordonii to hGECs. Compared with coinfection, coaggregation inhibited the apoptosis of hGECs. The coaggregation coordinately promoted the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 by hGECs through the TLR/NF-κB and TLR/MAPK signaling pathways while inhibiting the secretion of TGF-β1, thus aggravating the inflammatory response of hGECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Pang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Tao L, Wang M, Guan G, Zhang Y, Hao T, Li C, Li S, Chen Y, Huang G. Streptococcus mutans suppresses filamentous growth of Candida albicans through secreting mutanocyclin, an unacylated tetramic acid. Virulence 2022; 13:542-557. [PMID: 35311622 PMCID: PMC8942415 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2046952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guobo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaihu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghua Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms
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19
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Liu H, Li H, Zhang L, Wang Z, Qian J, Yu M, Shen Y. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial effect of four root canal sealers on dental biofilms. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4361-4368. [PMID: 35137277 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To dynamically evaluate the effect of four root canal sealers on the killing of biofilms within dentinal tubules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin blocks were prepared for infection of the dentinal tubules. Enterococcus faecalis VP3-181 and multi-species bacteria from two donors were cultured. After 3 days of incubation, the infected dentin specimens were rinsed with sterile water for 1 min and subjected to treatment. Additionally, multi-species bacteria from donor 1 were incubated for 3 weeks to allow biofilm maturation and then the specimens were subjected to treatment. Gutta-percha-treated dentin specimens comprised the control group. A root canal sealer (bioceramic sealers: EndoSequence BC Sealer, ProRoot Endo Sealer, or GuttaFlow Bioseal; and a traditional silicone-based sealer: Guttaflow 2) was spread onto the canal walls of the dentin. The specimens were examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy at 7, 30, or 60 days. RESULTS In the 3-day-old biofilm group, the proportion of killed bacteria decreased significantly from the first 7 days of treatment to 60 days of treatment for all sealers (p < 0.05). In the 3-week-old biofilm group, 60 days of exposure to bioceramic sealers resulted in more significant dead bacteria than 7-day exposures of the biofilms (p < 0.05). Bioceramic sealers were more effective in killing bacteria than the GuttaFlow 2 sealer (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Calcium silicate-based sealers showed good antimicrobial effects against biofilms within dentinal tubules, especially in the first week in young biofilms. There is no substantive antibacterial activity observed for the examined root canal sealers against young dentinal tubule biofilms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The bioceramic root canal sealers examined demonstrate minimal additional antibacterial effects after long-term exposure to young biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China.,Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Junrong Qian
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Understanding Lactobacillus paracasei and Streptococcus oralis Biofilm Interactions through Agent-Based Modeling. mSphere 2021; 6:e0087521. [PMID: 34908459 PMCID: PMC8673396 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00875-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As common commensals residing on mucosal tissues, Lactobacillus species are known to promote health, while some Streptococcus species act to enhance the pathogenicity of other organisms in those environments. In this study, we used a combination of in vitro imaging of live biofilms and computational modeling to explore biofilm interactions between Streptococcus oralis, an accessory pathogen in oral candidiasis, and Lactobacillus paracasei, an organism with known probiotic properties. A computational agent-based model was created where the two species interact only by competing for space, oxygen and glucose. Quantification of bacterial growth in live biofilms indicated that S. oralis biomass and cell numbers were much lower than predicted by the model. Two subsequent models were then created to examine more complex interactions between these species, one where L. paracasei secretes a surfactant, and another where L. paracasei secretes an inhibitor of S. oralis growth. We observed that the growth of S. oralis could be affected by both mechanisms. Further biofilm experiments support the hypothesis that L. paracasei may secrete an inhibitor of S. oralis growth, although they do not exclude that a surfactant could also be involved. This contribution shows how agent-based modeling and experiments can be used in synergy to address multiple species biofilm interactions, with important roles in mucosal health and disease. IMPORTANCE We previously discovered a role of the oral commensal Streptococcus oralis as an accessory pathogen. S. oralis increases the virulence of Candida albicans infections in murine oral candidiasis and epithelial cell models through mechanisms which promote the formation of tissue-damaging biofilms. Lactobacillus species have known inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of many microbes, including Streptococcus species. Agent-based modeling has great advantages as a means of exploring multifaceted relationships between organisms in complex environments such as biofilms. Here, we used an iterative collaborative process between experimentation and modeling to reveal aspects of the mostly unexplored relationship between S. oralis and L. paracasei in biofilm growth. The inhibitory nature of L. paracasei on S. oralis in biofilms may be exploited as a means of preventing or alleviating mucosal fungal infections.
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21
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Nowaczyk PM, Bajerska J, Lasik-Kurdyś M, Radziejewska-Kubzdela E, Szwengiel A, Woźniewicz M. The effect of cranberry juice and a cranberry functional beverage on the growth and metabolic activity of selected oral bacteria. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:660. [PMID: 34930215 PMCID: PMC8686276 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-02025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral microbiota is a significant risk indicator for oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal inflammation. Much attention is presently paid to the development of functional foods (e.g. beverages containing cranberry constituents, or foods containing probiotics) that may serve as adjuncts for oral disease treatments (e.g. periodontitis and caries). Cranberry fruit, due to its unique chemical composition and antimicrobial potential, is a possible ingredient of such foods. The study aimed to investigate the effects of cranberry juice (CJ) and a cranberry functional beverage (mixture of 80% v/v apple juice, 20% v/v cranberry juice, and 0.25 g/100 mL ground cinnamon; CFB) on the growth and metabolic activity of selected oral bacteria. METHODS Serial dilution pour plate method (SDPP) was used to examine the effect of CJ and CFB on the growth of Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei. 48-h electrical impedance measurements (EIM) during the cultivation of A. naeslundii were applied to evaluate the utility of the method as a rapid alternative for the assessment of the antimicrobial potential of cranberry beverages. RESULTS The tested bacteria differed in their susceptibility to the antimicrobial action of CJ and CFB, with L. paracasei subsp. paracasei being least vulnerable to CFB (according to SDPP). Although CJ at a concentration of 0.5 mL/mL, showed a bactericidal effect on the growth of S. mutans, A. naeslundii was more sensitive to CJ (SDPP). Its inhibitory effect on A. naeslundii was seen even at concentrations as small as 0.03125-0.125 mL/mL (SDPP and EIM). On the other hand, S. mutans seemed to be more vulnerable to CFB than A. naeslundii (SDPP). CONCLUSIONS CFB may be considered an adjunct in the treatment of oral diseases due to its action against selected oral pathogens, and not against the presumably beneficial L. paracasei subsp. paracasei. Bioelectrical impedance measurements appear to be a quick alternative to evaluating the antimicrobial activity of fruit beverages, but their utility should be confirmed with tests on other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Nowaczyk
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lasik-Kurdyś
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Radziejewska-Kubzdela
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Woźniewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland.
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Kasza K, Gurnani P, Hardie KR, Cámara M, Alexander C. Challenges and solutions in polymer drug delivery for bacterial biofilm treatment: A tissue-by-tissue account. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113973. [PMID: 34530014 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To tackle the emerging antibiotic resistance crisis, novel antimicrobial approaches are urgently needed. Bacterial communities (biofilms) are a particular concern in this context. Biofilms are responsible for most human infections and are inherently less susceptible to antibiotic treatments. Biofilms have been linked with several challenging chronic diseases, including implant-associated osteomyelitis and chronic wounds. The specific local environments present in the infected tissues further contribute to the rise in antibiotic resistance by limiting the efficacy of systemic antibiotic therapies and reducing drug concentrations at the infection site, which can lead to reoccurring infections. To overcome the shortcomings of systemic drug delivery, encapsulation within polymeric carriers has been shown to enhance antimicrobial efficacy, permeation and retention at the infection site. In this Review, we present an overview of current strategies for antimicrobial encapsulation within polymeric carriers, comparing challenges and solutions on a tissue-by-tissue basis. We compare challenges and proposed drug delivery solutions from the perspective of the local environments for biofilms found in oral, wound, gastric, urinary tract, bone, pulmonary, vaginal, ocular and middle/inner ear tissues. We will also discuss future challenges and barriers to clinical translation for these therapeutics. The following Review demonstrates there is a significant imbalance between the research focus being placed on different tissue types, with some targets (oral and wound biofims) being extensively more studied than others (vaginal and otitis media biofilms and endocarditis). Furthermore, the importance of the local tissue environment when selecting target therapies is demonstrated, with some materials being optimal choices for certain sites of bacterial infection, while having limited applicability in others.
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23
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Zhang F, Cheng Z, Ding C, Li J. Functional biomedical materials derived from proteins in the acquired salivary pellicle. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6507-6520. [PMID: 34304263 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the oral environment, the acquired salivary pellicle (ASP) on the tooth surface comprises proteins, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. The ASP can specifically and rapidly adsorb on the enamel surface to provide effective lubrication, protection, hydration, and remineralisation, as well as be recognised by various bacteria to form a microbial biofilm (plaque). The involved proteins, particularly various phosphoproteins such as statherins, histatins, and proline-rich proteins, are vital to their specific functions. This review first describes the relationship between the biological functions of these proteins and their structures. Subsequently, recent advances in functional biomedical materials derived from these proteins are reviewed in terms of dental/bone therapeutic materials, antibacterial materials, tissue engineering materials, and coatings for medical devices. Finally, perspectives and challenges regarding the rational design and biomedical applications of ASP-derived materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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24
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Abstract
Ecologists have long recognized the importance of spatial scale in understanding structure-function relationships among communities of organisms within their environment. Here, we review historical and contemporary studies of dental plaque community structure in the context of three distinct scales: the micro (1-10 µm), meso (10-100 µm) and macroscale (100 µm to ≥1 cm). Within this framework, we analyze the compositional nature of dental plaque at the macroscale, the molecular interactions of microbes at the microscale, and the emergent properties of dental plaque biofilms at the mesoscale. Throughout our analysis of dental plaque across spatial scales, we draw attention to disease and health-associated structure-function relationships and include a discussion of host immune involvement in the mesoscale structure of periodontal disease-associated biofilms. We end with a discussion of two filamentous organisms, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Corynebacterium matruchotii, and their relevant contributions in structuring dental plaque biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex M. Valm
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
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25
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Li M, Yang Y, Lin C, Zhang Q, Gong L, Wang Y, Zhang X. Antibacterial Properties of Small-Size Peptide Derived from Penetratin against Oral Streptococci. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112730. [PMID: 34064259 PMCID: PMC8196835 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis, an infectious disease originating from dental biofilms that causes the irreversible loss of alveolar bone, is accompanied by gradual biofilm formation and the continuous progression of inflammation. A small peptide derived from penetratin, Arg-Gln-Ile-Arg-Arg-Trp-Trp-Gln-Arg-NH2 (RR9), appears to have antibacterial properties against selected strains associated with periodontitis. The purpose of this research is to assess the antibacterial activity and mechanism of RR9 against the initial oral colonizers Streptococci oralis, Streptococci gordonii, and Streptococci sanguinis and to investigate the cytotoxicity of RR9 on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. The effects of RR9 on the initial oral settlers of planktonic and biofilm states were evaluated by measuring the MIC, MBC, bactericidal kinetics, and antibiofilm activity. Visual evidence and antibacterial mechanisms were identified, and the anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity were measured. The results demonstrated that RR9 can inhibit the growth of streptococci in the planktonic state and during biofilm formation in vitro while keeping a low toxicity against eukaryotic cells. The antibacterial mechanism was proven to be related to the lower expression of sspA in streptococci. RR9 may be used as a potential antimicrobial and anti-infective agent for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China; (M.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yanyan Yang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China; (M.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Chen Lin
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China; (M.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Fengtai Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China; (M.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China;
| | - Yonglan Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China; (M.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xi Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China; (M.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.Z.)
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26
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Afonso AC, Gomes IB, Saavedra MJ, Giaouris E, Simões LC, Simões M. Bacterial coaggregation in aquatic systems. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117037. [PMID: 33751976 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of a sessile community is believed to occur in a sequence of steps where genetically distinct bacteria can become attached to partner cells via specific molecules, in a process known as coaggregation. The presence of bacteria with the ability to autoaggregate and coaggregate has been described for diverse aquatic systems, particularly freshwater, drinking water, wastewater, and marine water. In these aquatic systems, coaggregation already demonstrated a role in the development of complex multispecies sessile communities, including biofilms. While specific molecular aspects on coaggregation in aquatic systems remain to be understood, clear evidence exist on the impact of this mechanism in multispecies biofilm resilience and homeostasis. The identification of bridging bacteria among coaggregating consortia has potential to improve the performance of wastewater treatment plants and/or to contribute for the development of strategies to control undesirable biofilms. This study provides a comprehensive analysis on the occurrence and role of bacterial coaggregation in diverse aquatic systems. The potential of this mechanism in water-related biotechnology is further described, with particular emphasis on the role of bridging bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Afonso
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology for Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou 10 & Makrygianni, Myrina 81400, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Lúcia C Simões
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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27
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Design and characterization of digluconate and diacetate chlorhexidine loaded-PLGA microparticles for dental applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Jakubovics NS, Goodman SD, Mashburn-Warren L, Stafford GP, Cieplik F. The dental plaque biofilm matrix. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:32-56. [PMID: 33690911 PMCID: PMC9413593 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren Mashburn-Warren
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Graham P Stafford
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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29
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Linossier AG, Martinez B, Valenzuela CY. Quantitative interactions between Candida albicans and the mutans streptococci in patients with Down Syndrome. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e1-e7. [PMID: 33247579 PMCID: PMC7806344 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral microorganisms produce damage through the transfer to bloodstream, colonizing other tissues or direct damage in the oral cavity. Aim to study the quantitative interactions between C. albicans and the mutans streptococci and ms serotypes in the saliva of the oral cavity of patients with Down syndrome (DS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Included 120 patients of both genders, 60 patients with Down syndrome (DS) and 60 pa- tients as a control group (CG). Samples of saliva were taken, and bacteria and fungi were grown on TYCSB and Saboureaud agar. Microbiological, serological and quantitative analyses were performed to determine the kind of isolated of microorganisms corresponding to the ms c, e, f and k for species S. mutans and d and g for S. sobrinus and C. albicans. Electronic scanning microscopy was employed to visualize and confirm the colonies under study. Statistics analysis included t-test proofs for matched data test, Scheffé and ANOVA. RESULTS Forming units (CFU) per mL of saliva of C. albicans a significant difference was observed among DS CONCLUSIONS These results show a significant non-random association between these two commensal microorganisms in different patient groups.
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30
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Sermsuti-Anuwat N, Pongpanich S. Effectiveness of an individually tailored oral hygiene intervention in improving gingival health among community-dwelling adults with physical disabilities in Thailand. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2020; 41:202-209. [PMID: 33350502 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Persons with physical disabilities require specific methods for sustaining good oral health. This study aimed to evaluate an individually tailored oral hygiene intervention program (IT-OHI) for improving gingival health among adults with disabilities. METHODS AND RESULTS A single group, quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests, conducted at a community club for disabled people in Thailand. This study included 145 adults with disabilities, aged 18-74 years. Trained caregivers provided IT-OHI program to all participants. Calibrated dentists assessed the gingival bleeding and dental plaque at baseline/pre-intervention (T0) and at 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) weeks post-intervention. The outcomes were analyzed using the Friedman test, Cochran's Q test, and Binary logistic regression. There were significant decreases in bleeding on probing scores (P < .001) and plaque control record scores (P < .001) throughout the study. However, considering the individual periods, values between T1 and T2 did not improve. Additionally, the IT-OHI program's protective effect was more substantial among the male participants at 12 weeks post-intervention (odds ratio = 0.094, P = .027) than among the females. CONCLUSION The IT-OHI program had partial effectiveness in improving gingival health and reducing dental plaque accumulation in a group of Thai people with physical disabilities; however, the long-term impact remains unclear.
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31
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Ganss C, Glanz A, Glanz T, Schlueter N, Ruf S. Red fluorescence of plaque in the dentition-a comparison of Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D) images and conventional images of disclosed plaque. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Muras A, Mallo N, Otero-Casal P, Pose-Rodríguez JM, Otero A. Quorum sensing systems as a new target to prevent biofilm-related oral diseases. Oral Dis 2020; 28:307-313. [PMID: 33080080 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study summarizes the current knowledge on the role of bacterial extracellular signaling systems, known as quorum sensing (QS), in oral biofilm formation, and on the possibility of blocking these microbial communication systems as a potential approach to prevent and treat oral infectious diseases. METHODS A detailed literature review of the current knowledge of QS in the oral cavity was performed, using the databases MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Web of Science. RESULTS Accumulating direct and indirect evidence indicates an important role of QS molecules in the oral microbial ecosystem. CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms regulating gene expression through bacterial communication systems constitute a promising target to control oral biofilm formation. Although cell-to-cell communication is pivotal for biofilm formation of many pathogenic bacteria, knowledge concerning microbial interactions and signaling processes within multispecies biofilms in the oral cavity is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Muras
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Natalia Mallo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paz Otero-Casal
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialty, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Unit of Oral Health, C.S. Santa Comba-Negreira, SERGAS, Santa Comba, Spain
| | - José M Pose-Rodríguez
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialty, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Kamarajan P, Ateia I, Shin JM, Fenno JC, Le C, Zhan L, Chang A, Darveau R, Kapila YL. Periodontal pathogens promote cancer aggressivity via TLR/MyD88 triggered activation of Integrin/FAK signaling that is therapeutically reversible by a probiotic bacteriocin. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008881. [PMID: 33002094 PMCID: PMC7529280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reveal significant associations between periodontitis and oral cancer. However, knowledge about the contribution of periodontal pathogens to oral cancer and potential regulatory mechanisms involved is limited. Previously, we showed that nisin, a bacteriocin and commonly used food preservative, reduced oral cancer tumorigenesis and extended the life expectancy in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, nisin has antimicrobial effects on key periodontal pathogens. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that key periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) promote oral cancer via specific host-bacterial interactions, and that bacteriocin/nisin therapy may modulate these responses. All three periodontal pathogens enhanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell migration, invasion, tumorsphere formation, and tumorigenesis in vivo, without significantly affecting cell proliferation or apoptosis. In contrast, oral commensal bacteria did not affect OSCC cell migration. Pathogen-enhanced OSCC cell migration was mediated via integrin alpha V and FAK activation, since stably blocking alpha V or FAK expression abrogated these effects. Nisin inhibited these pathogen-mediated processes. Further, Treponema denticola induced TLR2 and 4 and MyD88 expression. Stable suppression of MyD88 significantly inhibited Treponema denticola-induced FAK activation and abrogated pathogen-induced migration. Together, these data demonstrate that periodontal pathogens contribute to a highly aggressive cancer phenotype via crosstalk between TLR/MyD88 and integrin/FAK signaling. Nisin can modulate these pathogen-mediated effects, and thus has therapeutic potential as an antimicrobial and anti-tumorigenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Islam Ateia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jae M. Shin
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - J. Christopher Fenno
- Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Charles Le
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ling Zhan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ana Chang
- Department of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Richard Darveau
- Department of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Muras A, Otero-Casal P, Blanc V, Otero A. Acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing in the oral cavity: a paradigm revisited. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9800. [PMID: 32555242 PMCID: PMC7300016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), the quorum sensing (QS) signals produced by Gram-negative bacteria, are currently considered to play a minor role in the development of oral biofilm since their production by oral pathogens has not been ascertained thus far. However, we report the presence of AHLs in different oral samples and their production by the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. The importance of AHLs is further supported by a very high prevalence of AHL-degradation capability, up to 60%, among bacteria isolated from dental plaque and saliva samples. Furthermore, the wide-spectrum AHL-lactonase Aii20J significantly inhibited oral biofilm formation in different in vitro biofilm models and caused important changes in bacterial composition. Besides, the inhibitory effect of Aii20J on a mixed biofilm of 6 oral pathogens was verified using confocal microscopy. Much more research is needed in order to be able to associate specific AHLs with oral pathologies and to individuate the key actors in AHL-mediated QS processes in dental plaque formation. However, these results indicate a higher relevance of the AHLs in the oral cavity than generally accepted thus far and suggest the potential use of inhibitory strategies against these signals for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Muras
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paz Otero-Casal
- Departamento de Ciruxía e Especialidade Médico-Cirúrxica, Facultade de Medicina e Odontoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unit of Oral Health, C.S. Santa Comba-Negreira, SERGAS, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Dentaid S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Fine DH, Schreiner H, Velusamy SK. Aggregatibacter, A Low Abundance Pathobiont That Influences Biogeography, Microbial Dysbiosis, and Host Defense Capabilities in Periodontitis: The History of A Bug, And Localization of Disease. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030179. [PMID: 32131551 PMCID: PMC7157720 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the focus of this review, was initially proposed as a microbe directly related to a phenotypically distinct form of periodontitis called localized juvenile periodontitis. At the time, it seemed as if specific microbes were implicated as the cause of distinct forms of disease. Over the years, much has changed. The sense that specific microbes relate to distinct forms of disease has been challenged, as has the sense that distinct forms of periodontitis exist. This review consists of two components. The first part is presented as a detective story where we attempt to determine what role, if any, Aggregatibacter plays as a participant in disease. The second part describes landscape ecology in the context of how the host environment shapes the framework of local microbial dysbiosis. We then conjecture as to how the local host response may limit the damage caused by pathobionts. We propose that the host may overcome the constant barrage of a dysbiotic microbiota by confining it to a local tooth site. We conclude speculating that the host response can confine local damage by restricting bacteremic translocation of members of the oral microbiota to distant organs thus constraining morbidity and mortality of the host.
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Similar genomic patterns of clinical infective endocarditis and oral isolates of Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2728. [PMID: 32066773 PMCID: PMC7026040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis belong to the Mitis group streptococci, which mostly are commensals in the human oral cavity. Though they are oral commensals, they can escape their niche and cause infective endocarditis, a severe infection with high mortality. Several virulence factors important for the development of infective endocarditis have been described in these two species. However, the background for how the commensal bacteria, in some cases, become pathogenic is still not known. To gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms of the pathogenic potential, we performed a comparative analysis of 38 blood culture strains, S. sanguinis (n = 20) and S. gordonii (n = 18) from patients with verified infective endocarditis, along with 21 publicly available oral isolates from healthy individuals, S. sanguinis (n = 12) and S. gordonii (n = 9). Using whole genome sequencing data of the 59 streptococci genomes, functional profiles were constructed, using protein domain predictions based on the translated genes. These functional profiles were used for clustering, phylogenetics and machine learning. A clear separation could be made between the two species. No clear differences between oral isolates and clinical infective endocarditis isolates were found in any of the 675 translated core-genes. Additionally, random forest-based machine learning and clustering of the pan-genome data as well as amino acid variations in the core-genome could not separate the clinical and oral isolates. A total of 151 different virulence genes was identified in the 59 genomes. Among these homologs of genes important for adhesion and evasion of the immune system were found in all of the strains. Based on the functional profiles and virulence gene content of the genomes, we believe that all analysed strains had the ability to become pathogenic.
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Xu Z, Krajewski S, Weindl T, Loeffler R, Li P, Han X, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Wendel HP, Scheideler L, Rupp F. Application of totarol as natural antibacterial coating on dental implants for prevention of peri-implantitis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110701. [PMID: 32204015 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is the most important issue threatening the long-term survival rate of dental implants. Various efforts have been made to reduce implant surface plaque formation, which is one of the essential causes of peri-implantitis. In our study, we applied the natural antibacterial agent totarol as a coating on experimental silicon wafer and titanium implant surfaces. To analyze the interaction between the totarol coating and the oral primary colonizer S. gordonii and isolates of mixed oral bacteria, samples were incubated in a model system simulating the oral environment and analyzed by Live/Dead staining, crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After 4 d, 8 d, 12 d, 16 d, and 24 d salivary incubation, the stability and antibacterial efficiency of totarol coating was evaluated through SEM. The results indicated that totarol coatings on both silicon wafer and Ti surfaces caused efficient contact killing and an inhibition effect towards S. gordonii and mixed oral bacterial film growth after 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h incubation. After longtime salivary incubation of 12 d, the bactericidal effect started to weaken, but the anti-adhesion and inhibition effect to biofilm development still exist after 24 d of salivary incubation. The application of a totarol coating on implant or abutment surfaces is a promising potential prophylactic approach against peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqian Xu
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Krajewski
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Calwerstr. 7/1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Ronny Loeffler
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics (LISA(+)), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ping Li
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Xingting Han
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Wendel
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Calwerstr. 7/1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Scheideler
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Frank Rupp
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
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Short-Chain N-Acylhomoserine Lactone Quorum-Sensing Molecules Promote Periodontal Pathogens in In Vitro Oral Biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01941-19. [PMID: 31757829 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01941-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs), the quorum-sensing (QS) signals produced by a range of Gram-negative bacteria, are involved in biofilm formation in many pathogenic and environmental bacteria. Nevertheless, the current paradigm excludes a role of AHLs in dental plaque formation, while other QS signals, such as AI-2 and autoinducer peptides, have been demonstrated to play an important role in biofilm formation and virulence-related gene expression in oral pathogens. In the present work, we have explored the effect of externally added AHLs on in vitro oral biofilm models for commensal, cariogenic, and periodontal dental plaque. While little effect on bacterial growth was observed, some AHLs specifically affected the lactic acid production and protease activity of the biofilms. Most importantly, the analysis of bacterial diversity in the biofilms showed that the addition of C6-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) results in a shift toward a periodontal bacterial composition profile by increasing the relative presence of the orange-complex bacteria Peptostreptococcus and Prevotella These results point to a relevant role of AHL-mediated QS in dental plaque formation and might be involved in the development of dysbiosis, the mechanism of which should be further investigated. This finding potentially opens new opportunities for the prevention or treatment of the periodontal disease.IMPORTANCE Dental plaque is omnipresent in healthy oral cavities and part of our commensal microbial colonization. At the same time, dental plaque is the cause of the most common human diseases, caries and gum disease. Dental plaque consists of billions of microbes attached to the surface of your teeth. Communication among these microbes is pivotal for development of these complex communities yet poorly studied in dental plaque. In the present study, we show that a specific communication molecule induces changes within the community related to the development of gum disease. This finding suggests that interfering with microbial communication may represent an interesting novel strategy to prevent gum disease that should be further investigated.
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Valm AM. The Structure of Dental Plaque Microbial Communities in the Transition from Health to Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2957-2969. [PMID: 31103772 PMCID: PMC6646062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The human oral cavity harbors diverse communities of microbes that live as biofilms: highly ordered, surface-associated assemblages of microbes embedded in an extracellular matrix. Oral microbial communities contribute to human health by fine-tuning immune responses and reducing dietary nitrate. Dental caries and periodontal disease are together the most prevalent microbially mediated human diseases worldwide. Both of these oral diseases are known to be caused not by the introduction of exogenous pathogens to the oral environment, but rather by a homeostasis breakdown that leads to changes in the structure of the microbial communities present in states of health. Both dental caries and periodontal disease are mediated by synergistic interactions within communities, and both diseases are further driven by specific host inputs: diet and behavior in the case of dental caries and immune system interactions in the case of periodontal disease. Changes in community structure (taxonomic identity and abundance) are well documented during the transition from health to disease. In this review, changes in biofilm physical structure during the transition from oral health to disease and the concomitant relationship between structure and community function will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Valm
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12210, USA.
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40
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Darmani H, Tawalbeh KH, Al-Hiyasat AS, Al-Akhras MA. Comparison of the Photosensitivity of Biofilms of Different Genera of Cariogenic Bacteria in Tooth Slices. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 67:455-462. [PMID: 30550231 PMCID: PMC7256787 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the outcome of photosensitization on the viability of four different cariogens in planktonic form as well as biofilms in human dentine. Photodynamic therapy was carried out with a gallium aluminium arsenide laser (670 nm wavelength) using Toluidine blue O (TBO) as the photosensitizer. Cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus salivarius and Actinomyces viscosus) were exposed to TBO and then to the laser for 1 minute in planktonic suspension. Then, tooth slices previously incubated for 24 hours with broth cultures of broth culture of the four cariogenic organisms were exposed to antimicrobial photosensitization. The control samples consisted of planktonic and sessile cells that were exposed to TBO alone, laser alone and the bacterial cells that were not treated with TBO or laser. The results showed significant reductions in the viability of S. mutans, L. casei and A. viscosus in both planktonic form (to 13%, 30%, and 55%, respectively) and sessile form hosted in dentinal tubules (to 19%, 13% and 52%, respectively), relative to the controls. S. salivarius was the least affected in planktonic (94% viability) and sessile form (86% viability). In conclusion, sensitivity to photosensitization is species-dependent and sessile biofilm cells are affected to the same extent as their planktonic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Darmani
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Khitam H Tawalbeh
- Department of Biology, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Al-Hiyasat
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Mohammad-Ali Al-Akhras
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
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Xu Z, Coriand L, Loeffler R, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Zhou Y, Scheideler L, Fleischer M, Gehring FK, Rupp F. Saliva-coated titanium biosensor detects specific bacterial adhesion and bactericide caused mass loading upon cell death. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 129:198-207. [PMID: 30721795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria adhering to implanted medical devices can cause invasive microbial infections, of e.g. skin, lung or blood. In dentistry, Streptococcus gordonii is an early oral colonizer initiating dental biofilm formation and also being involved in life-threatening infective endocarditis. To treat oral biofilms, antibacterial mouth rinses are commonly used. Such initial biomaterial-bacteria interactions and the influence of antibacterial treatments are poorly understood and investigated here in situ by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). A saliva-coated titanium (Ti) biosensor is applied to analyze possible specific signal patterns indicating microbial binding mechanisms and bactericide-caused changes in bacterial film rigidity or cell leakage caused by a clinically relevant antibacterial agent (ABA), i.e., a mouth rinse comprising chlorhexidine (CHX) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). Apparent missing mass effects during the formation of microscopically proven dense and vital bacterial films indicate punctual, specific binding of S. gordonii to the saliva-coated biosensor, compared to unspecific adhesion to pure Ti. Coincidentally to ABA-induced killing of surface-adhered bacteria, an increase of adsorbed dissipative mass can be sensed, contrary to the prior mass-loss. This suggests the acoustic sensing of the leakage of cellular content caused by bacterial cell wall rupturing and membrane damage upon the bactericidal attack. The results have significant implications for testing bacterial adhesion mechanisms and cellular integrity during interaction with antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqian Xu
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Luisa Coriand
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 7, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Loeffler
- Core Facility LISA(+), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juergen Geis-Gerstorfer
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Lutz Scheideler
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Fleischer
- Core Facility LISA(+), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Rupp
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, Osianderstr. 2-8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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42
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Chattopadhyay I, Verma M, Panda M. Role of Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819867354. [PMID: 31370775 PMCID: PMC6676258 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819867354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancement in cancer treatment, oral cancer has a poor prognosis and is often detected at late stage. To overcome these challenges, investigators should search for early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. More than 700 bacterial species reside in the oral cavity. The oral microbiome population varies by saliva and different habitats of oral cavity. Tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut, which are causative factors of oral cancer, may alter the oral microbiome composition. Both pathogenic and commensal strains of bacteria have significantly contributed to oral cancer. Numerous bacterial species in the oral cavity are involved in chronic inflammation that lead to development of oral carcinogenesis. Bacterial products and its metabolic by-products may induce permanent genetic alterations in epithelial cells of the host that drive proliferation and/or survival of epithelial cells. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum induce production of inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis, cellular invasion, and migration thorough host cell genomic alterations. Recent advancement in metagenomic technologies may be useful in identifying oral cancer-related microbiome, their genomes, virulence properties, and their interaction with host immunity. It is very important to address which bacterial species is responsible for driving oral carcinogenesis. Alteration in the oral commensal microbial communities have potential application as a diagnostic tool to predict oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clinicians should be aware that the protective properties of the resident microflora are beneficial to define treatment strategies. To develop highly precise and effective therapeutic approaches, identification of specific oral microbiomes may be required. In this review, we narrate the role of microbiome in the progression of oral cancer and its role as an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Verma
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Madhusmita Panda
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
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43
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Marsh PD. In Sickness and in Health-What Does the Oral Microbiome Mean to Us? An Ecological Perspective. Adv Dent Res 2018; 29:60-65. [PMID: 29355410 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517735295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiome is natural and has a symbiotic relationship with the host by delivering important benefits. In oral health, a dynamic balance is reached between the host, the environment, and the microbiome. However, the frequent intake of sugar and/or reductions in saliva flow results in extended periods of low pH in the biofilm, which disrupts this symbiotic relationship. Such conditions inhibit the growth of beneficial species and drive the selection of bacteria with an acid-producing/acid-tolerating phenotype, thereby increasing the risk of caries (dysbiosis). A more detailed understanding of the interdependencies and interactions that exist among the resident microbiota in dental biofilms, and an increased awareness of the relationship between the host and the oral microbiome, is providing new insights and fresh opportunities to promote symbiosis and prevent dysbiosis. These include modifying the oral microbiome (e.g., with prebiotics and probiotics), manipulating the oral environment to selectively favor the growth of beneficial species, and moderating the growth and metabolism of the biofilm to reduce the likelihood of dysbiosis. Evidence is provided to suggest that the regular provision of interventions that deliver small but relevant benefits, consistently over a prolonged period, can support the maintenance of a symbiotic oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Marsh
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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44
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Wang D, Haapasalo M, Gao Y, Ma J, Shen Y. Antibiofilm peptides against biofilms on titanium and hydroxyapatite surfaces. Bioact Mater 2018; 3:418-425. [PMID: 30003180 PMCID: PMC6039701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the main challenges in the treatment of common oral diseases such as caries, gingival and endodontic infection and periimplantitis. Oral plaque is the origin of microbes colonizing in the form of biofilms on hydroxyapatite (tooth) and titanium (dental implant) surfaces. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium (Ti) disks were introduced, and their surface morphology was both qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The average roughness of Ti disks (77.6 ± 18.3 nm) was less than that of HA (146.1 ± 38.5 nm) (p < 0.05). Oral multispecies biofilms which were cultured on Ti and HA disks for 6 h and three weeks were visualized by SEM. We investigated the ability of two new antibiofilm peptides, DJK-5 and 1018, to induce killing of bacteria in oral multispecies biofilms on Ti and HA disks. A 6-h treatment by DJK-5 and 1018 (2 or 10 μg/mL) significantly reduced biomass of the multispecies biofilms on both Ti and HA disks. DJK-5 was able to kill more bacteria (40.4-75.9%) than 1018 (30.4-67.0%) on both surfaces (p < 0.05). DJK-5 also led to a more effective killing of microbes after a 3-min treatment of 3-day-old and 3-week-old biofilms on Ti and HA surfaces, compared to peptide 1018 and chlorhexidine (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the amount of biofilm killing between Ti and HA surfaces. Both peptide DJK-5 and 1018 may potentially be used as effective antibiofilm agents in clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College and Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Shen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Pietrella D, Marmottini F, Padeletti G, Montesperelli G, Kaciulis S, Vici E, Cerri L, Ambrogi V. Resin-Based Materials with Chlorhexidine-Loaded MCM-41: Surface Characteristics, Drug Release, and Antibiofilm Activity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4144-4153. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Pietrella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto 5, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Fabio Marmottini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Padeletti
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) − CNR, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Giampiero Montesperelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa “Mario Lucertini″, University of Rome Tor Vergata, INSTM UdR Roma Tor Vergata, Viale del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133 , Italy
| | - Saulius Kaciulis
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) − CNR, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Luciana Cerri
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) − CNR, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Valeria Ambrogi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, Perugia 06123, Italy
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Bjarnsholt T, Buhlin K, Dufrêne YF, Gomelsky M, Moroni A, Ramstedt M, Rumbaugh KP, Schulte T, Sun L, Åkerlund B, Römling U. Biofilm formation - what we can learn from recent developments. J Intern Med 2018; 284:332-345. [PMID: 29856510 PMCID: PMC6927207 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although biofilms have been observed early in the history of microbial research, their impact has only recently been fully recognized. Biofilm infections, which contribute to up to 80% of human microbial infections, are associated with common human disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and poor dental hygiene, but also with medical implants. The associated chronic infections such as wound infections, dental caries and periodontitis significantly enhance morbidity, affect quality of life and can aid development of follow-up diseases such as cancer. Biofilm infections remain challenging to treat and antibiotic monotherapy is often insufficient, although some rediscovered traditional compounds have shown surprising efficiency. Innovative anti-biofilm strategies include application of anti-biofilm small molecules, intrinsic or external stimulation of production of reactive molecules, utilization of materials with antimicrobial properties and dispersion of biofilms by digestion of the extracellular matrix, also in combination with physical biofilm breakdown. Although basic principles of biofilm formation have been deciphered, the molecular understanding of the formation and structural organization of various types of biofilms has just begun to emerge. Basic studies of biofilm physiology have also resulted in an unexpected discovery of cyclic dinucleotide second messengers that are involved in interkingdom crosstalk via specific mammalian receptors. These findings even open up new venues for exploring novel anti-biofilm strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Buhlin
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Facial Diagnostics and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Y F Dufrêne
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Gomelsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - A Moroni
- Department of Biology and CNR-Istituto di Biofisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M Ramstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K P Rumbaugh
- Departments of Surgery & Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - T Schulte
- Department of Medicine Solna, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Åkerlund
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Palma ALDR, Paula-Ramos LD, Domingues N, Back-Brito GN, de Oliveira LD, Pereira CA, Jorge AOC. Biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus sanguinis and their susceptibility to antimicrobial effects of photodynamic inactivation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:95-101. [PMID: 29990641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) on single and multi-species biofilms, compounds by Candida albicans and Streptococcus sanguinis. Biofilms were formed, on microplate of 96 wells, by suspensions of C. albicans (ATCC 18804) and S. sanguinis (ATCC 7073) adjusted in 107 cells/mL, followed by incubation of 48 h (with 5% CO2). The effects of the photosensitizer erythrosine (ER) at 400 μM for 5 min and green light-emitting diode (LED - 532 ± 10 nm) for 3 min, alone and conjugated, were evaluated. After normality test, results was analysed by Tukey´s test (P < 0.05). PDI group promoted reductions of 1.07 and 0.39 log10, respectively, in biofilms of C. albicans alone and in association with S. sanguinis. Biofilms of S. sanguinis alone were more sensitive, with reduction of 4.48 log10. When in association with the yeast, S. sanguinis have a decrease of 2.67 log10. SEM analysis revealed a decrease in bacterial and fungal structures of biofilms treated with PDI. In conclusion PDI promoted significant microbial reductions in both species of microorganisms grown on mixed biofilms. This study is one of the pioneers to evaluate the antimicrobial action of PDI on biofilms of S. sanguinis and C. albicans, demonstrating a way to control these microorganisms of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza do Rosário Palma
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas de Paula-Ramos
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nádia Domingues
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Graziella Nuernberg Back-Brito
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Aparecida Pereira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil.
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The Effect of Different Implant Surfaces and Photodynamic Therapy on Periodontopathic Bacteria Using TaqMan PCR Assay following Peri-Implantitis Treatment in Dog Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7570105. [PMID: 30069478 PMCID: PMC6057404 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7570105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Peri-implantitis is one of the late complications that leads to implant failure and is associated with specific microorganisms identified as periodontopathic bacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the different implant surfaces and number of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola using TaqMan PCR assay after peri-implantitis treatment using photodynamic therapy. Method Forty-eight dental implants with four different surface treatments (M: machined; SA: sandblasted acid-etched; S: 1 µm sputter HA-coated; and P: plasma spraying HA-coated) were inserted in six beagle dogs. After nine months of peri-implantitis induction, a split mouth design was used; on control side decontamination was performed using open flap mechanical debridement OFD with plastic curette, while photodynamic therapy PDT using diode laser (Ga Al As 830-nm) was used in the test side. For the following 2 weeks low-level laser therapy LLLT (10mW) was applied for the test side on alternative days for 6 sec on each implant side. Peri-implant microbial samples were collected using paper points and analyzed using TaqMan PCR before peri-implantitis treatment, immediately after treatment and 5 months posttreatment. Results Both treatment modalities showed significant decrease in all bacterial count from baseline to immediately after treatment (P< 0.0001). The count increased between immediately after treatment to 5 months after treatment (P< 0.0001); however, the count after 5 months was significantly lower than at baseline. PDT had a stronger effect on reducing P. gingivalis count than T. denticola and T. forsythia compared to OFD. For T. forsythia, implant surface treatment had the greatest effect which was also statistically significant (P= 0.02) with considerably lower effect of PDT or their interaction. Conclusion The results suggest that PDT and OFD have significant benefits in peri-implantitis treatment by reducing bacterial count. The presence of bacterial complex with different response to therapeutic modality suggests the use of combined decontamination methods for peri-implantitis treatment.
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Insights into the human oral microbiome. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:525-540. [PMID: 29572583 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human oral cavity harbors the second most abundant microbiota after the gastrointestinal tract. The expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD) that was last updated on November 22, 2017, contains the information of approximately 772 prokaryotic species, where 70% is cultivable, and 30% belong to the uncultivable class of microorganisms along with whole genome sequences of 482 taxa. Out of 70% culturable species, 57% have already been assigned to their names. The 16S rDNA profiling of the healthy oral cavity categorized the inhabitant bacteria into six broad phyla, viz. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes constituting 96% of total oral bacteria. These hidden oral micro-inhabitants exhibit a direct influence on human health, from host's metabolism to immune responses. Altered oral microflora has been observed in several diseases such as diabetes, bacteremia, endocarditis, cancer, autoimmune disease and preterm births. Therefore, it becomes crucial to understand the oral microbial diversity and how it fluctuates under diseased/perturbed conditions. Advances in metagenomics and next-generation sequencing techniques generate rapid sequences and provide extensive information of inhabitant microorganisms of a niche. Thus, the retrieved information can be utilized for developing microbiome-based biomarkers for their use in early diagnosis of oral and associated diseases. Besides, several apex companies have shown keen interest in oral microbiome for its diagnostic and therapeutic potential indicating a vast market opportunity. This review gives an insight of various associated aspects of the human oral microbiome.
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Thurnheer T, Belibasakis GN. Streptococcus oralis maintains homeostasis in oral biofilms by antagonizing the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:234-239. [PMID: 29327482 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria residing in oral biofilms live in a state of dynamic equilibrium with one another. The intricate synergistic or antagonistic interactions between them are crucial for determining this balance. Using the six-species Zürich "supragingival" biofilm model, this study aimed to investigate interactions regarding growth and localization of the constituent species. As control, an inoculum containing all six strains was used, whereas in each of the further five inocula one of the bacterial species was alternately absent, and in the last, both streptococci were absent. Biofilms were grown anaerobically on hydroxyapatite disks, and after 64 h they were harvested and quantified by culture analyses. For visualization, fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used. Compared with the control, no statistically significant difference of total colony-forming units was observed in the absence of any of the biofilm species, except for Fusobacterium nucleatum, whose absence caused a significant decrease in total bacterial numbers. Absence of Streptococcus oralis resulted in a significant decrease in Actinomyces oris, and increase in Streptococcus mutans (P < .001). Absence of A. oris, Veillonella dispar or S. mutans did not cause any changes. The structure of the biofilm with regards to the localization of the species did not result in observable changes. In summary, the most striking observation of the present study was that absence of S. oralis resulted in limited growth of commensal A. oris and overgrowth of S. mutans. These data establish highlight S. oralis as commensal keeper of homeostasis in the biofilm by antagonizing S. mutans, so preventing a caries-favoring dysbiotic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thurnheer
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Divison of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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