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Mei H, Simino J, Li L, Jiang F, Bis JC, Davies G, Hill WD, Xia C, Gudnason V, Yang Q, Lahti J, Smith JA, Kirin M, De Jager P, Armstrong NJ, Ghanbari M, Kolcic I, Moran C, Teumer A, Sargurupremraj M, Mahmud S, Fornage M, Zhao W, Satizabal CL, Polasek O, Räikkönen K, Liewald DC, Homuth G, Callisaya M, Mather KA, Windham BG, Zemunik T, Palotie A, Pattie A, van der Auwera S, Thalamuthu A, Knopman DS, Rudan I, Starr JM, Wittfeld K, Kochan NA, Griswold ME, Vitart V, Brodaty H, Gottesman R, Cox SR, Psaty BM, Boerwinkle E, Chasman DI, Grodstein F, Sachdev PS, Srikanth V, Hayward C, Wilson JF, Eriksson JG, Kardia SLR, Grabe HJ, Bennett DA, Ikram MA, Deary IJ, van Duijn CM, Launer L, Fitzpatrick AL, Seshadri S, Bressler J, Debette S, Mosley TH. Multi-omics and pathway analyses of genome-wide associations implicate regulation and immunity in verbal declarative memory performance. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:14. [PMID: 38245754 PMCID: PMC10799499 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncovering the functional relevance underlying verbal declarative memory (VDM) genome-wide association study (GWAS) results may facilitate the development of interventions to reduce age-related memory decline and dementia. METHODS We performed multi-omics and pathway enrichment analyses of paragraph (PAR-dr) and word list (WL-dr) delayed recall GWAS from 29,076 older non-demented individuals of European descent. We assessed the relationship between single-variant associations and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in 44 tissues and methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) in the hippocampus. We determined the relationship between gene associations and transcript levels in 53 tissues, annotation as immune genes, and regulation by transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs. To identify significant pathways, gene set enrichment was tested in each cohort and meta-analyzed across cohorts. Analyses of differential expression in brain tissues were conducted for pathway component genes. RESULTS The single-variant associations of VDM showed significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) with eQTLs across all tissues and meQTLs within the hippocampus. Stronger WL-dr gene associations correlated with reduced expression in four brain tissues, including the hippocampus. More robust PAR-dr and/or WL-dr gene associations were intricately linked with immunity and were influenced by 31 TFs and 2 microRNAs. Six pathways, including type I diabetes, exhibited significant associations with both PAR-dr and WL-dr. These pathways included fifteen MHC genes intricately linked to VDM performance, showing diverse expression patterns based on cognitive status in brain tissues. CONCLUSIONS VDM genetic associations influence expression regulation via eQTLs and meQTLs. The involvement of TFs, microRNAs, MHC genes, and immune-related pathways contributes to VDM performance in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Mei
- Department of Data Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Gertrude C. Ford Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Jeannette Simino
- Department of Data Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Gertrude C. Ford Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Lianna Li
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fan Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - W David Hill
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Charley Xia
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Jari Lahti
- Turku Institute for Advanced Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mirna Kirin
- Work completed while at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip De Jager
- Taub Institute for Research On Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia Irving University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuro-Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Christopher Moran
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Murali Sargurupremraj
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Shamsed Mahmud
- Department of Data Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Ilica 242, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David C Liewald
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele Callisaya
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Gwen Windham
- Gertrude C. Ford Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Aarno Palotie
- Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sandra van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John M Starr
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/ Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Gertrude C. Ford Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Gottesman
- Stroke, Cognition, and Neuroepidemiology (SCAN) Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/ Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Gertrude C. Ford Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Wang YH, Luo PP, Geng AY, Li X, Liu TH, He YJ, Huang L, Tang YQ. Identification of highly reliable risk genes for Alzheimer's disease through joint-tissue integrative analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1183119. [PMID: 37416324 PMCID: PMC10320295 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1183119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic variants associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but their interpretation is hindered by the strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) among the variants, making it difficult to identify the causal variants directly. To address this issue, the transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) was employed to infer the association between gene expression and a trait at the genetic level using expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) cohorts. In this study, we applied the TWAS theory and utilized the improved Joint-Tissue Imputation (JTI) approach and Mendelian Randomization (MR) framework (MR-JTI) to identify potential AD-associated genes. By integrating LD score, GTEx eQTL data, and GWAS summary statistic data from a large cohort using MR-JTI, a total of 415 AD-associated genes were identified. Then, 2873 differentially expressed genes from 11 AD-related datasets were used for the Fisher test of these AD-associated genes. We finally obtained 36 highly reliable AD-associated genes, including APOC1, CR1, ERBB2, and RIN3. Moreover, the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these genes are primarily involved in antigen processing and presentation, amyloid-beta formation, tau protein binding, and response to oxidative stress. The identification of these potential AD-associated genes not only provides insights into the pathogenesis of AD but also offers biomarkers for early diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Heng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Pan Luo
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ao Yi Geng
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tai-Hang Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Jie He
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Qin Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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James LM, Leuthold AC, Georgopoulos AP. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Modulates the Dependence on Age of the Variability of Synchronous Neural Interactions. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231159658. [PMID: 36969700 PMCID: PMC10037734 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231159658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence documented a protective effect of Class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*13 on brain health across the lifespan including evidence of reduced neural network variability relative to non-carriers. Here, in an extension of those findings, we evaluated the influence of a large number of Class I and Class II HLA alleles on aging-related changes in neural network variability. Cognitively healthy women (N = 178) ranging in age from 28 to 99 years old underwent a magnetoencephalography scan from which neural network variability was calculated and provided a blood sample from which HLA and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype were determined. The primary analyses assessed the dependence of network variability on age in carriers of a specific HLA allele compared to non-carriers. Effects were considered protective if there was a significant increase of network variability with age in the absence of a given HLA allele but not in its presence, and were considered to confer susceptibility if the converse was documented; HLA alleles that did not influence the dependence of network variability on age in their presence or absence were considered neutral. Of 50 alleles investigated, 22 were found to be protective, 7 were found to confer susceptibility, and 21 were neutral. The frequencies of those 50 alleles were not associated significantly with ApoE genotype. The findings, which document the influence of HLA on age-related brain changes and highlight the role of HLA in healthy brain function, are discussed in terms of the role of HLA in the human immune response to foreign antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M James
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences
Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN,
USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Cognitive Sciences,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Lisa M James, Department of Neuroscience,
University of Minnesota Medical School, Brain Sciences Center (11B), Minneapolis
VAHCS, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
| | - Arthur C Leuthold
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences
Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN,
USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences
Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN,
USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Cognitive Sciences,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Transcriptome Profiling in Swine Macrophages Infected with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Uncovers the Complex and Close Relationship with Host. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121411. [PMID: 36558746 PMCID: PMC9788513 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a pathogen to cause devastating and economically significant diseases in domestic and feral swine. ASFV mainly infects macrophages and monocytes and regulates its replication process by affecting the content of cytokines in the infected cells. There is a limited understanding of host gene expression and differential profiles before and after ASFV infection in susceptible cells. In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to analyze the transcriptomic change in PAMs infected with ASFV at different time points (0 h, 12 h, 24 h). As a result, a total of 2748, 1570, and 560 genes were enriched in group V12 h vs. MOCK, V24 h vs. MOCK, and V24 h vs. V12 h, respectively. These DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in each group were mainly concentrated in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways related to innate immunization and inflammation, including the NF-κB signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and chemokine signaling pathway. Furthermore, the increased levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IKKβ, CXCL2, and TRAF2 and decreased level of IκBα were validated through the qPCR method. These results suggested that ASFV infection can activate the NF-κB signaling pathway in the early stage. In general, this study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the pathogenesis and immune escape mechanism of ASFV.
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Chen H, Chen F, Zhang M, Chen Y, Cui L, Liang C. A Review of APOE Genotype-Dependent Autophagic Flux Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:535-555. [PMID: 34569952 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a basic physiological process maintaining cell renewal, the degradation of dysfunctional organelles, and the clearance of abnormal proteins and has recently been identified as a main mechanism underlying the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The APOE ɛ4 genotype is the strongest genetic determinant of AD pathogenesis and initiates autophagic flux at different times. This review synthesizes the current knowledge about the potential pathogenic effects of ApoE4 on autophagy and describes its associations with the biological hallmarks of autophagy and AD from a novel perspective. Via a remarkable variety of widely accepted signaling pathway markers, such as mTOR, TFEB, SIRT1, LC3, p62, LAMP1, LAMP2, CTSD, Rabs, and V-ATPase, ApoE isoforms differentially modulate autophagy initiation; membrane expansion, recruitment, and enclosure; autophagosome and lysosome fusion; and lysosomal degradation. Although the precise pathogenic mechanism varies for different genes and proteins, the dysregulation of autophagic flux is a key mechanism on which multiple pathogenic processes converge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Yuebei People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Miaoping Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Thieux M, Zhang M, Marcastel A, Herbillon V, Guignard-Perret A, Seugnet L, Lin JS, Guyon A, Plancoulaine S, Franco P. Intellectual Abilities of Children with Narcolepsy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124075. [PMID: 33348677 PMCID: PMC7766444 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High cognitive functioning could be a protective factor for school difficulties, behavioral and mood impairments in children with narcolepsy. To investigate this factor, we studied the intellectual abilities of 74 children with narcolepsy (43 boys, 11.7 years old at diagnosis, 91% of cataplexies, 64% obese, 100% HLA positive for DR-DQB1*06:02). All children underwent a one-night polysomnography followed by Multiple Sleep Latency Tests, an evaluation of intelligence quotient (IQ), and filled standardized questionnaires. Thirty-eight percent had high potentialities (HP defined by IQ > 130) and 48% had school difficulties. Using non-parametric tests, we found that HP children reported less difficulties at school and tended to have less impulsivity, conduct, and learning disorders than those without HP. They also tended to be less obese and had less desaturation. Using a multivariate regression analysis, we found an association between the REM sleep percentage and the IQ. REM sleep could be involved in the dynamic changes contributing to the equilibrium of intellectual functioning. This study highlights that despite their frequent school difficulties, narcolepsy per se is unlikely to be a cause of intellectual disability in children. Prompt diagnosis and management of comorbidities such as obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) could improve cognitive and school performances in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Thieux
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Min Zhang
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Agathe Marcastel
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
| | - Vania Herbillon
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
| | - Anne Guignard-Perret
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
| | - Laurent Seugnet
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Aurore Guyon
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
| | | | - Patricia Franco
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.T.); (A.M.); (V.H.); (A.G.-P.); (A.G.)
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 69500 Lyon, France; (M.Z.); (L.S.); (J.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +33-4-27-85-60-52
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Identification of novel genes associated with longevity in Drosophila melanogaster - a computational approach. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11244-11267. [PMID: 31794428 PMCID: PMC6932890 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite a growing number of studies on longevity in Drosophila, genetic factors influencing lifespan are still poorly understood. In this paper we propose a conceptually new approach for the identification of novel longevity-associated genes and potential target genes for SNPs in non-coding regions by utilizing the knowledge of co-location of various loci, governed by the three-dimensional architecture of the Drosophila genome. Firstly, we created networks between genes/genomic regions harboring SNPs deemed to be significant in two longevity GWAS summary statistics datasets using intra- and inter-chromosomal interaction frequencies (Hi-C data) as a measure of co-location. These networks were further extended to include regions strongly interacting with previously selected regions. Using various network measures, literature search and additional bioinformatics resources, we investigated the plausibility of genes found to have genuine association with longevity. Several of the newly identified genes were common between the two GWAS datasets and these possessed human orthologs. We also found that the proportion of non-coding SNPs in borders between topologically associated domains is significantly higher than expected by chance. Assuming co-location, we investigated potential target genes for non-coding SNPs. This approach therefore offers a stepping stone to identification of novel genes and SNP targets linked to human longevity.
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James LM, Dolan S, Leuthold AC, Engdahl BE, Georgopoulos A, Georgopoulos AP. The effects of human leukocyte antigen DRB1*13 and apolipoprotein E on age-related variability of synchronous neural interactions in healthy women. EBioMedicine 2018; 35:288-294. [PMID: 30139626 PMCID: PMC6161538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related brain changes are well-documented and influenced by genetics. Extensive research links apolipoprotein E (apoE) to brain function, with the E4 allele serving as a risk factor for brain disease, including Alzheimer's disease, and the E2 allele conferring protection. Recent evidence also supports protective effects of another gene, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*13, on brain disease and age-related brain atrophy in cognitively healthy adults. Here we investigated the effects of apoE and HLA DRB1*13 on brain function by examining changes in neural network properties with age in healthy adults. METHODS One hundred seventy-eight cognitively healthy women (28-99 y old) underwent a magnetoencephalography scan and provided a blood sample for genetic analysis. Age-related changes in neural network variability in genetic subgroups of DRB1*13 × apoE genotype combinations were assessed using linear regression of network variability against age. FINDINGS For individuals lacking a DRB1*13 allele and/or carrying an apoE4 allele, network variability increased significantly with age. In contrast, no such increase was observed in the presence of DRB1*13 and/or apoE2. INTERPRETATION These findings extend previous research documenting the protective effect of DRB1*13 on brain structure to include protection against age-related changes in brain function, and demonstrate similar protective effects on neural network variability for either DRB1*13 or apoE2. These protective effects could be due to reduction or elimination of factors known to disrupt brain function, including neuroinflammation and amyloid beta protein. FUNDING U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and University of Minnesota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M James
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Stacy Dolan
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA
| | - Arthur C Leuthold
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brian E Engdahl
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Angeliki Georgopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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9
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O'Donoghue MC, Murphy SE, Zamboni G, Nobre AC, Mackay CE. APOE genotype and cognition in healthy individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease: A review. Cortex 2018; 104:103-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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James LM, Christova P, Lewis SM, Engdahl BE, Georgopoulos A, Georgopoulos AP. Protective Effect of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Allele DRB1*13:02 on Age-Related Brain Gray Matter Volume Reduction in Healthy Women. EBioMedicine 2018; 29:31-37. [PMID: 29452862 PMCID: PMC5925575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of brain volume (brain atrophy) during healthy brain aging is well documented and dependent on genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors. Here we investigated the possible dependence of brain gray matter volume reduction in the absence of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) allele DRB1*13:02 which prevents brain atrophy in Gulf War Illness (James et al., 2017). METHODS Seventy-one cognitively healthy women (32-69years old) underwent a structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) scan to measure the volumes of total gray matter, cerebrocortical gray matter, and subcortical gray matter. Participants were assigned to two groups, depending on whether they lacked the DRB1*13:02 allele (No DRB1*13:02 group, N=60) or carried the DRB1*13:02 allele (N=11). We assessed the change of brain gray matter volume with age in each group by performing a linear regression where the brain volume (adjusted for total intracranial volume) was the dependent variable and age was the independent variable. FINDINGS In the No DRB1*13:02 group, the volumes of total gray matter, cerebrocortical gray matter, and subcortical gray matter were reduced highly significantly. In contrast, none of these volumes showed a statistically significant reduction with age in the DRB1*13:02 group. INTERPRETATION These findings document the protective effect of DRB1*13:02 on age-dependent reduction of brain gray matter in healthy individuals. Since the role of this allele is to connect to matching epitopes of external antigens for the subsequent production of antibodies and elimination of the offending antigen, we hypothesize that its protective effect may be due to the successful elimination of such antigens to which we are exposed during the lifespan, antigens that otherwise would persist causing gradual brain atrophy. In addition, we consider a possible beneficial role of DRB1*13:02 attributed to its binding to cathepsin S, a known harmful substance in brain aging (Wendt et al., 2008). Of course, other factors covarying with the presence of DRB1*13:02 could be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M James
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Peka Christova
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Scott M Lewis
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brian E Engdahl
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Angeliki Georgopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 5541, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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11
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Mégarbané A, Noguier F, Stora S, Manchon L, Mircher C, Bruno R, Dorison N, Pierrat F, Rethoré MO, Trentin B, Ravel A, Morent M, Lefranc G, Piquemal D. The intellectual disability of trisomy 21: differences in gene expression in a case series of patients with lower and higher IQ. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21:1253-9. [PMID: 23422941 PMCID: PMC3798834 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (T21), or Down syndrome (DS), is the most frequent and recognizable cause of intellectual disabilities. The level of disability, as evaluated by the intelligence quotient (IQ) test, varies considerably between patients independent of other factors. To determine the genetic or molecular basis of this difference, a high throughput transcriptomic analysis was performed on twenty T21 patients with high and low IQ, and 10 healthy controls using Digital Gene Expression. More than 90 millions of tags were sequenced in the three libraries. A total of 80 genes of potential interest were selected for the qPCR experiment validation, and three housekeeping genes were used for normalizing purposes. HLA DQA1 and HLA DRB1 were significantly downregulated among the patients with a low IQ, the values found in the healthy controls being intermediate between those noted in the IQ+ and IQ- T21 patients. Interestingly, the intergenic region between these genes contains a binding sequence for the CCCTC-binding factor, or CTCF, and cohesin (a multisubunit complex), both of which are essential for expression of HLA DQA1 and HLA DRB1 and numerous other genes. Our results might lead to the discovery of genes, or genetic markers, that are directly involved in several phenotypes of DS and, eventually, to the identification of potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mégarbané
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
- Unité de Génétique Médicale et Laboratoire Associé INSERM UMR_S910, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerard Lefranc
- Université Montpellier 2 et CNRS UPR 1142, Institut de Génétique Humaine, Montpellier, France
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Persson N, Lavebratt C, Wahlin A. Synergy effects of HbA1c and variants of APOE and BDNFVal66Met explains individual differences in memory performance. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 106:274-82. [PMID: 24055685 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at exploring if synergy effects of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val(66)Met, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) could explain individual differences in memory performance over 10 years in a population based sample of nondemented adults (N=888, 35-85 years at baseline). Episodic memory was affected by such agents, wheras semantic memory was spared. Both age and HbA1c were associated with episodic memory decline. BDNF(66)Met carriers with higher HbA1c levels evidenced slope decline in episodic recall. We found support for joint effects of BDNFVal(66)Met×APOE×HbA1c and BDNFVal(66)Met×APOE×age on rates of episodic memory change over ten years, after controlling for age, sex, education and cardiovascular diseases. We conclude that variants of genetic polymorphisms act in synergy with long-term blood glucose control in shaping patterns of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Persson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden; Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lương KVQ, Nguyen LTH. The role of Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in Alzheimer's disease: potential genetic and cellular signaling mechanisms. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:427-39. [PMID: 23689075 PMCID: PMC10852699 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513488924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to genetic studies, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to beta-adrenergic receptor blockade through numerous factors, including human leukocyte antigen genes, the renin-angiotensin system, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1, nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade is also implicated in AD due to its effects on matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade may also have a significant role in AD, although the role is controversial. Behavioral symptoms, sex, or genetic factors, including Beta 2-adrenergic receptor variants, apolipoprotein E, and cytochrome P450 CYP2D6, may contribute to beta-adrenergic receptor blockade modulation in AD. Thus, the characterization of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in patients with AD is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh vinh quoc Lương
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, Westminster, California, CA 92683, USA.
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Rizzi TS, Arias-Vasquez A, Rommelse N, Kuntsi J, Anney R, Asherson P, Buitelaar J, Banaschewski T, Ebstein R, Ruano D, Van der Sluis S, Markunas CA, Garrett ME, Ashley-Koch AE, Kollins SH, Anastopoulos AD, Hansell NK, Wright MJ, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Harris SE, Davies G, Tenesa A, Porteous DJ, Starr JM, Deary IJ, St Pourcain B, Davey Smith G, Timpson NJ, Evans DM, Gill M, Miranda A, Mulas F, Oades RD, Roeyers H, Rothenberger A, Sergeant J, Sonuga-Barke E, Steinhausen HC, Taylor E, Faraone SV, Franke B, Posthuma D. The ATXN1 and TRIM31 genes are related to intelligence in an ADHD background: evidence from a large collaborative study totaling 4,963 subjects. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156:145-57. [PMID: 21302343 PMCID: PMC3085124 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intelligence is a highly heritable trait for which it has proven difficult to identify the actual genes. In the past decade, five whole-genome linkage scans have suggested genomic regions important to human intelligence; however, so far none of the responsible genes or variants in those regions have been identified. Apart from these regions, a handful of candidate genes have been identified, although most of these are in need of replication. The recent growth in publicly available data sets that contain both whole genome association data and a wealth of phenotypic data, serves as an excellent resource for fine mapping and candidate gene replication. We used the publicly available data of 947 families participating in the International Multi-Centre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study to conduct an in silico fine mapping study of previously associated genomic locations, and to attempt replication of previously reported candidate genes for intelligence. Although this sample was ascertained for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intelligence quotient (IQ) scores were distributed normally. We tested 667 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 15 previously reported candidate genes for intelligence and 29451 SNPs in five genomic loci previously identified through whole genome linkage and association analyses. Significant SNPs were tested in four independent samples (4,357 subjects), one ascertained for ADHD, and three population-based samples. Associations between intelligence and SNPs in the ATXN1 and TRIM31 genes and in three genomic locations showed replicated association, but only in the samples ascertained for ADHD, suggesting that these genetic variants become particularly relevant to IQ on the background of a psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais S Rizzi
- Department of Functional Genomics, CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Payton A. The Impact of Genetic Research on our Understanding of Normal Cognitive Ageing: 1995 to 2009. Neuropsychol Rev 2009; 19:451-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-009-9116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Raz N, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM, Land S. Genetic and vascular modifiers of age-sensitive cognitive skills: effects of COMT, BDNF, ApoE, and hypertension. Neuropsychology 2009; 23:105-116. [PMID: 19210038 DOI: 10.1037/a0013487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been linked to neural and cognitive variation in healthy adults. We examined contribution of three polymorphisms frequently associated with individual differences in cognition (Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase Val158Met, Brain-Derived-Neurotrophic-Factor Val66Met, and Apolipoprotein E epsilon4) and a vascular risk factor (hypertension) in a sample of 189 volunteers (age 18-82). Genotypes were determined from buccal culture samples, and cognitive performance was assessed in 4 age-sensitive domains?fluid intelligence, executive function (inhibition), associative memory, and processing speed. We found that younger age and COMT Met/Met genotype, associated with low COMT activity and higher prefrontal dopamine content, were independently linked to better performance in most of the tested domains. Homozygotes for Val allele of BDNF polymorphism exhibited better associative memory and faster speed of processing than the Met allele carriers, with greater effect for women and persons with hypertension. Carriers of ApoE epsilon4 allele evidenced steeper age-related increase in costs of Stroop color interference, but showed no negative effects on memory. The findings indicate that age-related cognitive performance is differentially affected by distinct genetic factors and their interactions with vascular health status.
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Deary IJ, Johnson W, Houlihan LM. Genetic foundations of human intelligence. Hum Genet 2009; 126:215-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wisdom NM, Callahan JL, Hawkins KA. The effects of apolipoprotein E on non-impaired cognitive functioning: a meta-analysis. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 32:63-74. [PMID: 19285755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nearly twice as many participants are represented in the current literature than were available at the time of the last major meta-analytic neurocognitive examination of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon allele combinations [Small, B.J., Rosnick, C.B., Fratiglioni, L., Backman, L., 2004. Apolipoprotein E and cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Psychol. Aging 19, 592-600]. The meta-analysis in the current study sought to specifically examine (1) small effects and (2) possible moderating variables associated with ApoE allele combinations that may have been undiscoverable in previous examinations of smaller data sets. A total of 77 studies, representing 40,942 cognitively healthy adults were identified for inclusion in the current meta-analysis (random effects design). Results were congruent with the previous meta-analytic findings indicating that carriers of ApoE allele 4 (ɛ4) perform significantly worse on measures of episodic memory, executive functioning, and overall global cognitive ability. In addition, the current analysis revealed a small effect suggesting that ApoE allele 4 adversely impacts perceptual speed. In contrast to earlier studies, the results also indicate that increases in age result in significantly larger differences between ApoE ɛ4 carriers and ApoE non-ɛ4 carriers on measures of episodic memory and global cognitive ability. ApoE ɛ4 exerts broad, but specific, adverse small effects on a range of neurocognitive functions in cognitively healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick M Wisdom
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology, 116 N Murray, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA.
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Abstract
The development of the frontal systems is a major evolutionary advancement of the human race. It enables the regulation of behaviors in accordance with goals and, hence, frees humans from the constraints imposed by our basic physiological instincts. The burgeoning neuroscience and neuropsychology literature has consistently highlighted the important roles played by the prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex in effective and efficient regulation of behaviors. On the other hand, aging is associated with changes in the neural network subserving behavioral regulation. Different neuropathologies also impact upon the function of the prefrontal cortex–anterior cingulate cortex system. Therefore, our brains require neural mechanisms in place that can facilitate functional recovery after brain injuries. Future research to enhance theoretical understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the regulation of behaviors would contribute to the development of cost–effective treatment modalities that promote maximum functional return in people recovering from brain dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatia MC Lee
- The University of Hong Kong, K610, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China, and, MacLehose Medical Rehabilitation Centre & The University of Hong Kong, Institute of Clinical Neuropsychology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ada WS Leung
- The University of Hong Kong, K640, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China, and, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Laboratory of Applied Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chetwyn CH Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Laboratory of Applied Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong, China
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