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Smith SDW, McGinnity CJ, Smith AB, Barker GJ, Richardson MP, Pal DK. A prospective 5-year longitudinal study detects neurocognitive and imaging correlates of seizure remission in self-limiting Rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 147:109397. [PMID: 37619460 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-limiting Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is the most common epilepsy in school-age children. Seizures are generally infrequent, but cognitive, language, and motor coordination problems can significantly impact the child's life. To better understand brain structure and function changes in RE, we longitudinally assessed neurocognition, cortical thickness, and subcortical volumes. METHODS At baseline, we recruited 30 participants diagnosed with RE and 24-healthy controls and followed up for 4.94 ± 0.8 years when the participants with RE were in seizure remission. Measures included were as follows: T1-weighted magnetic resonance brain imaging (MRI) with FreeSurfer analysis and detailed neuropsychological assessments. MRI and neuropsychological data were compared between baseline and follow-up in seizure remission. RESULTS Longitudinal MRI revealed excess cortical thinning in the left-orbitofrontal (p = 0.0001) and pre-central gyrus (p = 0.044). There is a significant association (p = 0.003) between a reduction in cortical thickness in the left-orbitofrontal cluster and improved processing of filtered words. Longitudinal neuropsychology revealed significant improvements in the symptoms of developmental coordination disorder (DCD, p = 0.005) in seizure remission. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence for altered development of neocortical regions between active seizure state and seizure remission in RE within two clusters maximal in the left-orbitofrontal and pre-central gyrus. There is significant evidence for improvement in motor coordination between active seizures and seizure remission and suggestive evidence for a decline in fluid intelligence and gains in auditory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D W Smith
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Colm J McGinnity
- Department of PET Neuroimaging, St-Thomas Hospital, Kings College London, UK
| | - Anna B Smith
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Mark P Richardson
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK; King's College Hospital, UK
| | - Deb K Pal
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK; King's College Hospital, UK.
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2
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Duan Y, Leng X, Liu C, Qi X, Zhang L, Tan W, Zhang X, Wang Y. The Correlation of ELP4-PAX6 With Rolandic Spike Sources in Idiopathic Rolandic Epilepsy Syndromes. Front Neurol 2021; 12:643964. [PMID: 33897599 PMCID: PMC8064626 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.643964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 of ELP4-PAX6 in patients with idiopathic rolandic epilepsy syndromes (IRES) in China and explore the relationship between the distribution of rolandic spike sources and the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 in ELP4-PAX6. Methods: First, clinical information was obtained from patients diagnosed with IRES. Next, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 of ELP4 was analyzed by using the Sanger method. Resting-state magnetoencephalography data were collected from 17 patients. We analyzed the epileptic spike sources using the single equivalent current dipole (SECD) model and determined the spike distributions across the whole brain. Finally, Fisher's test was performed to assess the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 of ELP4-PAX6 and rolandic spike sources. Results: ELP4 rs662702 T alleles were found in 10.7% of IRES patients and occurred four times more frequently in these patients than in the healthy controls. TT homozygosity was found in one IRES patient (1.3%), while no TT homozygosity was found in the healthy control group. The IRES rolandic spike sources were unilateral in sixteen patients (94.1%) and were mainly located in the anterior central gyrus (58.8%). The spike source of patients without the ELP4 rs662702 T allele was correlated with the central region (p < 0.05). The rolandic spikes sources were significant correlated with the non-central gyrus (frontal and temporal lobes) in patients with the ELP4 rs662702 T allele (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The rolandic spike sources of the IRES patients with the ELP4 rs662702 T allele were significantly associated with the non-central gyrus, including the frontal and temporal lobes. Our study confirmed for the first time in vivo that ELP4 rs662702 T allele overexpression is correlated with the rolandic spike distribution in patients with IRES and provides important insights into how genetic abnormalities can lead to brain dysfunction and into the precise targeting of abnormal discharge sources in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerong Leng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiating Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Smith SDW, Smith AB, Richardson MP, Pal DK. Neurodevelopmental origins of self-limiting rolandic epilepsy: Systematic review of MR imaging studies. Epilepsia Open 2021; 6:310-322. [PMID: 34033258 PMCID: PMC8166787 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed differences in cortical and white matter brain structure in children with self‐limiting rolandic epilepsy (RE). Despite this, reproducibility of the findings has been difficult, and there is no consensus about where and when structural differences are most apparent. We performed a systematic review of quantitative neuroimaging studies in children with RE to explore these questions. Methods Using PRISMA guidelines, we used a multilayered search strategy to identify neuroimaging studies in RE. Publications were included if they were quantitative and derived from controlled group studies and passed a quality assessment. Findings of the studies were presented and stratified by duration of epilepsy and age of participants. Results We identified six gray matter studies and five white matter studies. Consistent findings were found inside and outside the central sulcus, predominantly within the bilateral frontal and parietal lobes, striatal structures, such as the putamen and white matter, mainly involving the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and connections between the left pre‐ and postcentral gyrus. Stratification of the T1 studies by age found that cortical thickness differences varied between the under and over 10 year olds. Furthermore, the longer the duration of epilepsy, the less likely differences were detected. In white matter studies, there was a reduction in differences with increased age and duration of epilepsy. Significance These findings would suggest that the development of regions of the cortex in children with RE is abnormal. These regions are more widespread than the suspected seizure onset zone. Moreover, the findings would suggest that these differences are evidence of neurodevelopmental delay rather than apparent “damage” from the epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D W Smith
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anna B Smith
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark P Richardson
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.,King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Deb K Pal
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.,King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Peter B, Dinu V, Liu L, Huentelman M, Naymik M, Lancaster H, Vose C, Schrauwen I. Exome Sequencing of Two Siblings with Sporadic Autism Spectrum Disorder and Severe Speech Sound Disorder Suggests Pleiotropic and Complex Effects. Behav Genet 2019; 49:399-414. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-019-09957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Epilepsy phenotype in patients with Xp22.31 microduplication. EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR CASE REPORTS 2018; 11:31-34. [PMID: 30603611 PMCID: PMC6310737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The clinical significance of Xp22.31 microduplication is still unclear. We describe a family in which a mother and two children have Xp22.31 microduplication associated with different forms of epilepsy and epileptiform EEG abnormalities. The proband had benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes with dysgraphia and dyscalculia (IQ 72), the sister had juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and both had bilateral talipes anomalies. The mother, who was the carrier of the microduplication, was asymptomatic. The asymptomatic father did not possess the microduplication. These data contribute to delineate the phenotype associated with Xp22.31 microduplication and suggest a potential pathogenic role for an epilepsy phenotype. Developmental disorders are commonly associated with Xp22.31 microduplication. Seizures may occur but specific epileptic syndromes are rare. Xp22.31 microduplication may have an additive role in epilepsy phenotype expression.
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6
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Murphy E, Benítez-Burraco A. Toward the Language Oscillogenome. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1999. [PMID: 30405489 PMCID: PMC6206218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Language has been argued to arise, both ontogenetically and phylogenetically, from specific patterns of brain wiring. We argue that it can further be shown that core features of language processing emerge from particular phasal and cross-frequency coupling properties of neural oscillations; what has been referred to as the language ‘oscillome.’ It is expected that basic aspects of the language oscillome result from genetic guidance, what we will here call the language ‘oscillogenome,’ for which we will put forward a list of candidate genes. We have considered genes for altered brain rhythmicity in conditions involving language deficits: autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, specific language impairment and dyslexia. These selected genes map on to aspects of brain function, particularly on to neurotransmitter function. We stress that caution should be adopted in the construction of any oscillogenome, given the range of potential roles particular localized frequency bands have in cognition. Our aim is to propose a set of genome-to-language linking hypotheses that, given testing, would grant explanatory power to brain rhythms with respect to language processing and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Murphy
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish Language, Linguistics and Literary Theory, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Zavadenko NN, Kholin AA, Zavadenko AN, Michurina ES. [Speech and language neurodevelopmental disorders in epilepsy: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:118-125. [PMID: 30251989 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2018118081118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Speech and language development may be impaired in all forms of epilepsy involving specialized functional areas in the dominant cerebral hemisphere and their connections. The concept of epilepsy-aphasia clinical spectrum was recently proposed, but the notion of aphasia is quite conditional here as many of these patients demonstrate disorders of speech and language development from their infancy. Those forms of epilepsy are considered as continuum from the most severe Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) and epilepsy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep (CSWS) (also indicating as electrical status epilepticus during sleep - ESES) to intermediate epilepsy-aphasia disorders (with incomplete correspondence to diagnostic criteria of LKS and epilepsy with CSWS). The mild end of the spectrum is represented by benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (rolandic), which is often associated with speech and language disorders. The importance of genetic factors is discussed, including mutations in SRPX2, GRIN2A and other genes. The perspectives of individualized pharmacotherapy in epilepsy, co-morbid with neurodevelopmental disorders or impairments of speech and language development, are depending on the progress in genetic studies. In the new generation of antiepileptic drugs the positive influence on neuroplasticity mechanisms and higher cerebral functions are supposed for levetiracetam.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Zavadenko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kholin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Zavadenko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Michurina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Kumar J, Solaiman A, Mahakkanukrauh P, Mohamed R, Das S. Sleep Related Epilepsy and Pharmacotherapy: An Insight. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1088. [PMID: 30319421 PMCID: PMC6171479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last several decades, sleep-related epilepsy has drawn considerable attention among epileptologists and neuroscientists in the interest of new paradigms of the disease etiology, pathogenesis and management. Sleep-related epilepsy is nocturnal seizures that manifest solely during the sleep state. Sleep comprises two distinct stages i.e., non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) that alternate every 90 min with NREM preceding REM. Current findings indicate that the sleep-related epilepsy manifests predominantly during the synchronized stages of sleep; NREM over REM stage. Sleep related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE), benign partial epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes or benign rolandic epilepsy (BECTS), and Panayiotopoulos Syndrome (PS) are three of the most frequently implicated epilepsies occurring during the sleep state. Although some familial types are described, others are seemingly sporadic occurrences. In the present review, we aim to discuss the predominance of sleep-related epilepsy during NREM, established familial links to the pathogenesis of SHE, BECTS and PS, and highlight the present available pharmacotherapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amro Solaiman
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence Centre in Forensic Osteology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Rashidi Mohamed
- Department of Familty Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Currie NK, Lew AR, Palmer TM, Basu H, De Goede C, Iyer A, Cain K. Reading comprehension difficulties in children with rolandic epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2018; 60:275-282. [PMID: 29238964 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Difficulties in reading comprehension can arise from either word reading or listening comprehension difficulties, or a combination of the two. We sought to determine whether children with rolandic epilepsy had poor reading comprehension relative to typically developing comparison children, and whether such difficulties were associated with word reading and/or general language comprehension difficulties. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, children with rolandic epilepsy (n=25; 16 males, 9 females; mean age 9y 1mo, SD 1y 7mo) and a comparison group (n=39; 25 males, 14 females; mean age 9y 1mo, SD 1y 3mo) completed assessments of reading comprehension, listening comprehension, word/non-word reading, speech articulation, and Non-verbal IQ. RESULTS Reading comprehension and word reading were worse in children with rolandic epilepsy (F1,61 =6.89, p=0.011, ηp2=0.10 and F1,61 =6.84, p=0.011, ηp2=0.10 respectively), with listening comprehension being marginal (F1,61 =3.81, p=0.055, ηp2=0.06). Word reading and listening comprehension made large and independent contributions to reading comprehension, explaining 70% of the variance. INTERPRETATION Children with rolandic epilepsy may be at risk of reading comprehension difficulties. Thorough assessment of individual children is required to ascertain whether the difficulties lie with decoding text, or with general comprehension skills, or both. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Children with rolandic epilepsy may be at risk of poor reading comprehension. This was related to poor word reading, poor listening comprehension, or both. Reading comprehension interventions should be tailored to the profile of difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola K Currie
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Adina R Lew
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Tom M Palmer
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Helen Basu
- Paediatric Neurology Department, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - Christian De Goede
- Paediatric Neurology Department, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK.,Department of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Anand Iyer
- Department of Neurology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kate Cain
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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10
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Baumer FM, Cardon AL, Porter BE. Language Dysfunction in Pediatric Epilepsy. J Pediatr 2018; 194:13-21. [PMID: 29241678 PMCID: PMC5826845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Baumer
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
| | - Aaron L Cardon
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Brenda E Porter
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
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Lipner EM, Greenberg DA. The Rise and Fall and Rise of Linkage Analysis as a Technique for Finding and Characterizing Inherited Influences on Disease Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1706:381-397. [PMID: 29423810 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7471-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For many years, family-based studies using linkage analysis represented the primary approach for identifying disease genes. This strategy is responsible for the identification of the greatest number of genes proven to cause human disease. However, technical advancements in next generation sequencing and high throughput genotyping, coupled with the apparent simplicity of association testing, led to the rejection of family-based studies and of linkage analysis. At present, genetic association methods, using case-control comparisons, have become the exclusive approach for detecting disease-related genes, particularly those underlying common, complex diseases. In this chapter, we present a historical overview of linkage analysis, including a description of how the approach works, as well as its strengths and weaknesses. We discuss how the transition from family-based studies to population comparison association studies led to a critical loss of information with respect to genetic etiology and inheritance, and we present historical and contemporary examples of linkage analysis "success stories" in identifying genes contributing to the development of human disease. Currently, linkage analysis is re-emerging as a useful approach for identifying disease genes, determining genetic parameters, and resolving genetic heterogeneity. We posit that the combination of linkage analysis, association testing, and high throughput sequencing provides a powerful approach for identifying disease-causing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettie M Lipner
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80602, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - David A Greenberg
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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12
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McGinnity CJ, Smith AB, Yaakub SN, Weidenbach Gerbase S, Gammerman A, Tyson AL, Bell TK, Elmasri M, Barker GJ, Richardson MP, Pal DK. Decreased functional connectivity within a language subnetwork in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsia Open 2017; 2:214-225. [PMID: 29588950 PMCID: PMC5719846 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS, also known as Rolandic epilepsy) is a common epilepsy syndrome that is associated with literacy and language impairments. The neural mechanisms of the syndrome are not known. The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that functional connectivity within the language network is decreased in children with BECTS. We also tested the hypothesis that siblings of children with BECTS have similar abnormalities. Methods Echo planar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data were acquired from 25 children with BECTS, 12 siblings, and 20 healthy controls, at rest. After preprocessing with particular attention to intrascan motion, the mean signal was extracted from each of 90 regions of interest. Sparse, undirected graphs were constructed from adjacency matrices consisting of Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. Global and nodal graph metrics and subnetwork and pairwise connectivity were compared between groups. Results There were no significant differences in graph metrics between groups. Children with BECTS had decreased functional connectivity relative to controls within a four-node subnetwork, which consisted of the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left superior frontal gyrus, the left supramarginal gyrus, and the right inferior parietal lobe (p = 0.04). A similar but nonsignificant decrease was also observed for the siblings. The BECTS groups had significant increases in connectivity within a five-node, five-edge frontal subnetwork. Significance The results provide further evidence of decreased functional connectivity between key mediators of speech processing, language, and reading in children with BECTS. We hypothesize that these decreases reflect delayed lateralization of the language network and contribute to specific cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm J. McGinnity
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna B. Smith
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Siti N. Yaakub
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sofia Weidenbach Gerbase
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anya Gammerman
- Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineSchool of Bioscience EducationKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Adam L. Tyson
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental SciencesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Developmental NeurobiologyInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tiffany K. Bell
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marwa Elmasri
- Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineSchool of Bioscience EducationKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gareth J. Barker
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Richardson
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Deb K. Pal
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Xiong W, Zhou D. Progress in unraveling the genetic etiology of rolandic epilepsy. Seizure 2017; 47:99-104. [PMID: 28351718 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rolandic epilepsy (RE), or benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECT), is the most frequent idiopathic partial epilepsy syndrome of childhood, where the "idiopathic" implies a genetic predisposition. Although RE has long been presumed to have a genetic component, clinical and genetic studies have shown a complex inheritance pattern. Furthermore, the underlying major genetic influence in RE has been challenged by recent reports of twin studies. Meanwhile, many genes or loci have been shown to be associated the RE/atypical RE (ARE) spectrum, with a higher frequency of causative variants in ARE. However, a full understanding of the genetic basis in the more common forms of the RE spectrum remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Kolaj-Robin O, Séraphin B. Structures and Activities of the Elongator Complex and Its Cofactors. RNA MODIFICATION 2017; 41:117-149. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Panjwani N, Wilson MD, Addis L, Crosbie J, Wirrell E, Auvin S, Caraballo RH, Kinali M, McCormick D, Oren C, Taylor J, Trounce J, Clarke T, Akman CI, Kugler SL, Mandelbaum DE, McGoldrick P, Wolf SM, Arnold P, Schachar R, Pal DK, Strug LJ. A microRNA-328 binding site in PAX6 is associated with centrotemporal spikes of rolandic epilepsy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:512-22. [PMID: 27386500 PMCID: PMC4931716 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rolandic epilepsy is a common genetic focal epilepsy of childhood characterized by centrotemporal sharp waves on electroencephalogram. In previous genome‐wide analysis, we had reported linkage of centrotemporal sharp waves to chromosome 11p13, and fine mapping with 44 SNPs identified the ELP4‐PAX6 locus in two independent US and Canadian case–control samples. Here, we aimed to find a causative variant for centrotemporal sharp waves using a larger sample and higher resolution genotyping array. Methods We fine‐mapped the ELP4‐PAX6 locus in 186 individuals from rolandic epilepsy families and 1000 population controls of European origin using the Illumina HumanCoreExome‐12 v1.0 BeadChip. Controls were matched to cases on ethnicity using principal component analysis. We used generalized estimating equations to assess association, followed up with a bioinformatics survey and literature search to evaluate functional significance. Results Homozygosity at the T allele of SNP rs662702 in the 3′ untranslated region of PAX6 conferred increased risk of CTS: Odds ratio = 12.29 (95% CI: 3.20–47.22), P = 2.6 × 10−4 and is seen in 3.9% of cases but only 0.3% of controls. Interpretation The minor T allele of SNP rs662702 disrupts regulation by microRNA‐328, which is known to result in increased PAX6 expression in vitro. This study provides, for the first time, evidence of a noncoding genomic variant contributing to the etiology of a common human epilepsy via a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Panjwani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - Laura Addis
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London SE5 9RX United Kingdom; Neuroscience Discovery Research Eli Lilly and Company Erl Wood, Surrey GU20 6PH United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Department of Psychiatry The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Elaine Wirrell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota 55905
| | - Stéphane Auvin
- Service de neurologie pédiatrique/Inserm 1141 Hôpital Robert Debré AP-HP, 48 boulevard Sérurier Paris 75019 France
| | - Roberto H Caraballo
- Department of Neurology Hospital de Pediatría "Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan" Combate de los Pozos 1881 C1245AAM Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Maria Kinali
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London SW10 9NH United Kingdom
| | | | - Caroline Oren
- Northwick Park Hospital Middlesex HA1 3UJ United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Taylor
- Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals Enfield, Greater London EN2 8JL United Kingdom
| | - John Trounce
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Brighton BN1 6AG United Kingdom
| | - Tara Clarke
- Department of Epidemiology Columbia University New York New York 10027
| | - Cigdem I Akman
- Neurological Institute Columbia University Medical Centre New York, New York 10032
| | - Steven L Kugler
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - David E Mandelbaum
- Hasbro Children's Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02903
| | | | | | - Paul Arnold
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Department of Psychiatry The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education University of Calgary Calgary Alberta T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Department of Psychiatry The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Deb K Pal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London SE5 9RX United Kingdom; King's College Hospital London SE5 9RS United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospita lLondon SE1 7EH United Kingdom
| | - Lisa J Strug
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Division of Biostatistics Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5T 3M7 Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
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Genetic Candidate Variants in Two Multigenerational Families with Childhood Apraxia of Speech. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153864. [PMID: 27120335 PMCID: PMC4847873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a severe and socially debilitating form of speech sound disorder with suspected genetic involvement, but the genetic etiology is not yet well understood. Very few known or putative causal genes have been identified to date, e.g., FOXP2 and BCL11A. Building a knowledge base of the genetic etiology of CAS will make it possible to identify infants at genetic risk and motivate the development of effective very early intervention programs. We investigated the genetic etiology of CAS in two large multigenerational families with familial CAS. Complementary genomic methods included Markov chain Monte Carlo linkage analysis, copy-number analysis, identity-by-descent sharing, and exome sequencing with variant filtering. No overlaps in regions with positive evidence of linkage between the two families were found. In one family, linkage analysis detected two chromosomal regions of interest, 5p15.1-p14.1, and 17p13.1-q11.1, inherited separately from the two founders. Single-point linkage analysis of selected variants identified CDH18 as a primary gene of interest and additionally, MYO10, NIPBL, GLP2R, NCOR1, FLCN, SMCR8, NEK8, and ANKRD12, possibly with additive effects. Linkage analysis in the second family detected five regions with LOD scores approaching the highest values possible in the family. A gene of interest was C4orf21 (ZGRF1) on 4q25-q28.2. Evidence for previously described causal copy-number variations and validated or suspected genes was not found. Results are consistent with a heterogeneous CAS etiology, as is expected in many neurogenic disorders. Future studies will investigate genome variants in these and other families with CAS.
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Zavadenko N, Kholin A, Zavadenko A, Shadrova A, Orlova K. Neurodevelopmental disorders in children with epilepsy. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20161163188-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Zaimoğlu S, Türkdoğan D, Mazlum B, Bekiroğlu N, Tetik-Kabil A, Eyilikeder S. When Is EEG Indicated in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? J Child Neurol 2015; 30:1785-93. [PMID: 25895916 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815580545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors investigated the parameters for predicting epileptiform abnormalities in a group of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 148 subjects aged between 6 and 13 (8.76 ± 1.26; 25.7% female) years. Subtypes of ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders were defined according to DSM-IV criteria. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised was applied to all patients. Most of the subjects (89.2%) had wakefulness and sleep electroencephalography examinations lasting about one hour. The authors found out that the coexistence of speech sound disorder (odds ratio [OR] 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-9.48) and higher Digit Span test performance (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06-1.44) predicted the presence of accompanying epileptiform abnormalities. The prevalence of epileptiform abnormalities was 26.4%, and they were frequently localized in the frontal (41%) and centrotemporal (28.2%) regions. Higher percentage of speech sound disorder co-occurrence (64%) in subjects with rolandic spikes suggests that epileptiform abnormalities associated with ADHD can be determined genetically at least in some cases. Pathophysiology of epileptiform abnormalities in ADHD might have complex genetic and maturational background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sennur Zaimoğlu
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Istanbul, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilşad Türkdoğan
- Department of Child Neurology, Medical School, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Mazlum
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nural Bekiroğlu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Medical School, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Tetik-Kabil
- Foundation Development Year Psychological Counseling Center, School of Languages, Sabancı University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Eyilikeder
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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19
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Addis L, Ahn JW, Dobson R, Dixit A, Ogilvie CM, Pinto D, Vaags AK, Coon H, Chaste P, Wilson S, Parr JR, Andrieux J, Lenne B, Tumer Z, Leuzzi V, Aubell K, Koillinen H, Curran S, Marshall CR, Scherer SW, Strug LJ, Collier DA, Pal DK. Microdeletions of ELP4 Are Associated with Language Impairment, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Mental Retardation. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:842-50. [PMID: 26010655 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copy-number variations (CNVs) are important in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders and show broad phenotypic manifestations. We compared the presence of small CNVs disrupting the ELP4-PAX6 locus in 4,092 UK individuals with a range of neurodevelopmental conditions, clinically referred for array comparative genomic hybridization, with WTCCC controls (n = 4,783). The phenotypic analysis was then extended using the DECIPHER database. We followed up association using an autism patient cohort (n = 3,143) compared with six additional control groups (n = 6,469). In the clinical discovery series, we identified eight cases with ELP4 deletions, and one with a partial duplication of ELP4 and PAX6. These cases were referred for neurological phenotypes including language impairment, developmental delay, autism, and epilepsy. Six further cases with a primary diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and similar secondary phenotypes were identified with ELP4 deletions, as well as another six (out of nine) with neurodevelopmental phenotypes from DECIPHER. CNVs at ELP4 were only present in 1/11,252 controls. We found a significant excess of CNVs in discovery cases compared with controls, P = 7.5 × 10(-3) , as well as for autism, P = 2.7 × 10(-3) . Our results suggest that ELP4 deletions are highly likely to be pathogenic, predisposing to a range of neurodevelopmental phenotypes from ASD to language impairment and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Addis
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Neuroscience Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood, Surrey, UK
| | - Joo Wook Ahn
- Department of Cytogenetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and NIHR BRC for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abhishek Dixit
- Department of Biostatistics and NIHR BRC for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline M Ogilvie
- Department of Cytogenetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Seaver Autism Center, The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrea K Vaags
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Pauline Chaste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott Wilson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy R Parr
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hopital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU de Lille, France
| | - Bruno Lenne
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, GHICL, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - Zeynep Tumer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Kristina Aubell
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hannele Koillinen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah Curran
- Department of Cytogenetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christian R Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa J Strug
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Collier
- Neuroscience Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood, Surrey, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Deb K Pal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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20
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Garzon E. Is rolandic epilepsy really benign? ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2014; 72:821-3. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20140195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Gkampeta A, Fidani L, Clarimón J, Kalinderi K, Katopodi T, Zafeiriou D, Pavlou E. Association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and elongator protein complex 4 (ELP4) polymorphisms with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes in a Greek population. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:1734-9. [PMID: 25301525 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is considered to be the most common childhood epileptic syndrome. Different mutations in genes that control the excitability of neurons have been described. Recent reports on the involvement of the BDNF and ELP4 genes in cell motility, migration, and adhesion raise the possibility that these genes are involved in pathogenesis of BECTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a case-control association study on 60 patients with BECTS and 60 control participants to assess the influence of the BDNF and ELP4 polymorphisms on BECTS. The polymorphisms were detected with a PCR-RFLP method. Moreover, we explored the possible association of these polymorphisms with clinical and electroencephalographic parameters of patients with BECTS. RESULTS Our results show no difference in BDNF and ELP4 genotype frequencies between patients and controls. Haplotype analysis also revealed no statistical difference. CONCLUSION The role of BDNF and ELP4 polymorphisms remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gkampeta
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 'AHEPA' General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Liana Fidani
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Memory Unit, Alzheimer's Laboratory, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERNED), Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Teodora Katopodi
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Zafeiriou
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Pavlou
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 'AHEPA' General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Subaran RL, Greenberg DA. The Genetics of Common Epilepsy Disorders: Lessons Learned from the Channelopathy Era. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-014-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Remind me again what disease we are studying? A population genetics, genetic analysis, and real data perspective on why progress on identifying genetic influences on common epilepsies has been so slow. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 213:199-221. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63326-2.00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Addis L, Chiang T, Clarke T, Hardison H, Kugler S, Mandelbaum DE, Novotny E, Wolf S, Strug LJ, Pal DK. Evidence for linkage of migraine in Rolandic epilepsy to known 1q23 FHM2 and novel 17q22 genetic loci. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 13:333-40. [PMID: 24286483 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Migraine headaches are a common comorbidity in Rolandic epilepsy (RE) and familial aggregation of migraine in RE families suggests a genetic basis not mediated by seizures. We performed a genome-wide linkage analysis of the migraine phenotype in 38 families with RE to localize potential genetic contribution, with a follow-up in an additional 21 families at linked loci. We used two-point and multipoint LOD (logarithm of the odds) score methods for linkage, maximized over genetic models. We found evidence of linkage to migraine at chromosome 17q12-22 [multipoint HLOD (heterogeneity LOD) 4.40, recessive, 99% penetrance], replicated in the second dataset (HLOD 2.61), and suggestive evidence at 1q23.1-23.2, centering over the FHM2 locus (two-point LOD 3.00 and MP HLOD 2.52). Sanger sequencing in 14 migraine-affected individuals found no coding mutations in the FHM2 gene ATP1A2. There was no evidence of pleiotropy for migraine and either reading or speech disorder, or the electroencephalographic endophenotype of RE when the affected definition was redefined as those with migraine or the comorbid phenotype, and pedigrees were reanalyzed for linkage. In summary, we report a novel migraine susceptibility locus at 17q12-22, and a second locus that may contribute to migraine in the general population at 1q23.1-23.2. Comorbid migraine in RE appears genetically influenced, but we did not obtain evidence that the identified susceptibility loci are consistent with pleiotropic effects on other comorbidities in RE. Loci identified here should be fine-mapped in individuals from RE families with migraine, and prioritized for analysis in other types of epilepsy-associated migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Addis
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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Avanzini P, Vaudano AE, Vignoli A, Ruggieri A, Benuzzi F, Darra F, Mastrangelo M, Dalla Bernardina B, Nichelli PF, Canevini MP, Meletti S. Low frequency mu-like activity characterizes cortical rhythms in epilepsy due to ring chromosome 20. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:239-49. [PMID: 23968845 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the spectral and spatial features of the cortical rhythms in patients affected by ring chromosome 20 - [r(20)]-syndrome. METHODS Twelve patients with [r(20)] syndrome were studied. As controls we enrolled 12 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and 12 healthy volunteers (HV). Blind source separation, spectral analyses and source reconstruction were applied in all cases in order to identify reliable spatio-temporal patterns of cortical activity. RESULTS A theta-delta EEG rhythm was identified in [r(20)] patients, with spectral peak ranging between 3 and 7Hz and whose generators mapped over the sensory-motor cortices. A second peak laying at a frequency about double with respect to the first one was present in 6 cases. Analogue methodological approach in HV and IGE groups failed to show similar findings. CONCLUSIONS EEG of [r(20)] patients reveals the existence of a highly reproducible EEG pattern arising from the sensory-motor system. SIGNIFICANCE The recognition of this peculiar EEG pattern could help the diagnostic work-up. Additionally, our findings supports the existence of a parallelism between this EEG trait and the physiological "mu" rhythm which is generate by the sensory-motor system. Such link suggests a sensory-motor system dysfunction in [r(20)] patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Avanzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Metabolism and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSE Hospital, Modena, Italy; Department di Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Elisabetta Vaudano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Metabolism and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSE Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Epilepsy Centre, San Paolo Hospital, Health Science Department, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruggieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Metabolism and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSE Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Benuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Metabolism and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSE Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Darra
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Frigio Nichelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Metabolism and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSE Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Epilepsy Centre, San Paolo Hospital, Health Science Department, University of Milano, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Meletti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Metabolism and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSE Hospital, Modena, Italy.
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Mutations in GRIN2A cause idiopathic focal epilepsy with rolandic spikes. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1067-72. [PMID: 23933819 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic focal epilepsy (IFE) with rolandic spikes is the most common childhood epilepsy, comprising a phenotypic spectrum from rolandic epilepsy (also benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, BECTS) to atypical benign partial epilepsy (ABPE), Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) and epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike and waves during slow-wave sleep (CSWS). The genetic basis is largely unknown. We detected new heterozygous mutations in GRIN2A in 27 of 359 affected individuals from 2 independent cohorts with IFE (7.5%; P = 4.83 × 10(-18), Fisher's exact test). Mutations occurred significantly more frequently in the more severe phenotypes, with mutation detection rates ranging from 12/245 (4.9%) in individuals with BECTS to 9/51 (17.6%) in individuals with CSWS (P = 0.009, Cochran-Armitage test for trend). In addition, exon-disrupting microdeletions were found in 3 of 286 individuals (1.0%; P = 0.004, Fisher's exact test). These results establish alterations of the gene encoding the NMDA receptor NR2A subunit as a major genetic risk factor for IFE.
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27
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Neuropsychological impairment in children with Rolandic epilepsy and in their siblings. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 28:108-12. [PMID: 23708147 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To assess and characterize a possible neurocognitive endophenotype associated with Rolandic epilepsy (RE), a clinical study was carried out to evaluate the neuropsychological profile of children with RE at onset and of their healthy siblings. Seventeen subjects were recruited (10 boys and 7 girls): nine patients affected by RE and eight siblings who underwent clinical and neuropsychological evaluations. All patients and only two siblings showed centrotemporal spikes on the electroencephalographic recording. Eighteen age- and sex-matched healthy children were assessed as controls. A significant impairment was found in language domain, attentional functioning, and short- and long-term verbal memory in both patients and siblings. A positive correlation between verbal comprehension and working memory scores was found in both groups. A similar neuropsychological profile of RE, which affected patients and their siblings with impairment in the same developing areas, supports the hypothesis of a specific neurocognitive phenotype in RE.
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28
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Genetic insights into the functional elements of language. Hum Genet 2013; 132:959-86. [PMID: 23749164 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Language disorders cover a wide range of conditions with heterologous and overlapping phenotypes and complex etiologies harboring both genetic and environmental influences. Genetic approaches including the identification of genes linked to speech and language phenotypes and the characterization of normal and aberrant functions of these genes have, in recent years, unraveled complex details of molecular and cognitive mechanisms and provided valuable insight into the biological foundations of language. Consistent with this approach, we have reviewed the functional aspects of allelic variants of genes which are currently known to be either causally associated with disorders of speech and language or impact upon the spectrum of normal language ability. We have also reviewed candidate genes associated with heritable speech and language disorders. In addition, we have evaluated language phenotypes and associated genetic components in developmental syndromes that, together with a spectrum of altered language abilities, manifest various phenotypes and offer details of multifactorial determinants of language function. Data from this review have revealed a predominance of regulatory networks involved in the control of differentiation and functioning of neurons, neuronal tracks and connections among brain structures associated with both cognitive and language faculties. Our findings, furthermore, have highlighted several multifactorial determinants in overlapping speech and language phenotypes. Collectively this analysis has revealed an interconnected developmental network and a close association of the language faculty with cognitive functions, a finding that has the potential to provide insight into linguistic hypotheses defining in particular, the contribution of genetic elements to and the modular nature of the language faculty.
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Addis L, Lin JJ, Pal DK, Hermann B, Caplan R. Imaging and genetics of language and cognition in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 26:303-12. [PMID: 23116771 PMCID: PMC3732317 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents translational aspects of imaging and genetic studies of language and cognition in children with epilepsy of average intelligence. It also discusses current unanswered translational questions in each of these research areas. A brief review of multimodal imaging and language study findings shows that abnormal structure and function, as well as plasticity and reorganization in language-related cortical regions, are found both in children with epilepsy with normal language skills and in those with linguistic deficits. The review on cognition highlights that multiple domains of impaired cognition and abnormalities in brain structure and/or connectivity are evident early on in childhood epilepsy and might be specific for epilepsy syndrome. The description of state-of-the-art genetic analyses that can be used to explain the convergence of language impairment and Rolandic epilepsy includes a discussion of the methodological difficulties involved in these analyses. Two junior researchers describe how their current and planned studies address some of the unanswered translational questions regarding cognition and imaging and the genetic analysis of speech sound disorder, reading, and centrotemporal spikes in Rolandic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Addis
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, London, UK
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A neurodevelopmental basis for BECTS: evidence from structural MRI. Epilepsy Res 2013; 105:133-9. [PMID: 23375559 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE BECTS (benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes) is one of the most common childhood-onset epilepsy syndromes. We investigated quantitative evidence for brain morphological variation associated with BECTS to provide insights into the neuroanatomical basis of this disorder. METHODS Three independent BECTS groups were imaged at different stages: (a) near onset (n=16, mean age 9.3±1.6 years), (b) ~9 years after onset (n=9, mean age 15.8±2.3 years), and (c) ~15 years after onset (n=10, mean age 22.7±2.7 years). Age-matched controls were imaged with each group. Whole brain T1-weighted MRI was acquired. Voxel-based morphometry (groups a-c) and cortical thickness analyses (groups b and c) were undertaken within each group and for the groups combined. The relationship between cortical morphology and age was investigated. KEY FINDINGS The voxel-based morphometry analysis indicated increased bilateral grey matter volume in the superior frontal gyrus, insula and right inferior frontal gyrus regions in BECTS. The magnitude of the increase lessened with age of the cases. Cortical thickness analysis revealed thicker cortex in BECTS along middle and inferior frontal gyri bilaterally, left insula and bilateral supramarginal gyrus in the 9-year-after-onset group, that normalised with age. The rate of cortical thickness changes with age were greater in BECTS cases than in controls. SIGNIFICANCE Increased cortical gray matter associated with BECTS was found. The decreasing magnitude of the effect with increasing age parallels the natural history of the disorder. The areas affected are consistent with neurocognitive dysfunction in BECTS.
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Greenberg DA, Stewart WCL. How should we be searching for genes for common epilepsy? A critique and a prescription. Epilepsia 2012; 53 Suppl 4:72-80. [PMID: 22946724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite enormous data collection and analysis efforts, the genetic influences on common epilepsies remain mostly unknown. We propose that reasons for the lack of progress can be traced to three factors: (1) A reluctance to consider fine-grained phenotype definitions based on extensive and carefully collected clinical data; (2) the pursuit of genetic analysis methods that are popular but poorly conceived and are inadequate to the task of resolving the problems inherent in common disease studies; (3) preconceived ideas about the genetic mechanisms that cause epilepsy (which we have discussed elsewhere). We propose a paradigm for finding epilepsy-related loci and alleles that has proven successful in other common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Greenberg
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43215, USA.
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Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) in two patients with 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:455-9. [PMID: 22909774 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report clinical findings that extend the phenotype of the ~550 kb 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome to include a rare, severe, and persistent pediatric speech sound disorder termed Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). CAS is the speech disorder identified in a multigenerational pedigree ('KE') in which half of the members have a mutation in FOXP2 that co-segregates with CAS, oromotor apraxia, and low scores on a nonword repetition task. Each of the two patients in the current report completed a 2-h assessment protocol that provided information on their cognitive, language, speech, oral mechanism, motor, and developmental histories and performance. Their histories and standard scores on perceptual and acoustic speech tasks met clinical and research criteria for CAS. Array comparative genomic hybridization analyses identified deletions at chromosome 16p11.2 in each patient. These are the first reported cases with well-characterized CAS in the 16p11.2 syndrome literature and the first report of this microdeletion in CAS genetics research. We discuss implications of findings for issues in both literatures.
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Emerging genetic influences in benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes - BECTS. Epilepsy Res 2012; 101:197-201. [PMID: 22818593 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BECTS is considered to be the most common childhood epileptic syndrome. Multifactorial inheritance is the most important model accounting for the genetic behavior of the common epilepsies. In recent years, different mutations in genes that control the excitability of neurons have been described. Recent reports on the involvement of the BDNF and ELP4 genes with possible roles in cell motility, migration, and adhesion have provided first insights into the complex molecular bases of childhood focal epilepsies. However, in the most common idiopathic benign childhood epilepsies (BECTS and occipital epilepsies), major breakthroughs are still awaited.
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Strug LJ, Addis L, Chiang T, Baskurt Z, Li W, Clarke T, Hardison H, Kugler SL, Mandelbaum DE, Novotny EJ, Wolf SM, Pal DK. The genetics of reading disability in an often excluded sample: novel loci suggested for reading disability in Rolandic epilepsy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40696. [PMID: 22815793 PMCID: PMC3399896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reading disability (RD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic basis established in families segregating "pure" dyslexia. RD commonly occurs in neurodevelopmental disorders including Rolandic Epilepsy (RE), a complex genetic disorder. We performed genomewide linkage analysis of RD in RE families, testing the hypotheses that RD in RE families is genetically heterogenenous to pure dyslexia, and shares genetic influences with other sub-phenotypes of RE. METHODS We initially performed genome-wide linkage analysis using 1000 STR markers in 38 US families ascertained through a RE proband; most of these families were multiplex for RD. We analyzed the data by two-point and multipoint parametric LOD score methods. We then confirmed the linkage evidence in a second US dataset of 20 RE families. We also resequenced the SEMA3C gene at the 7q21 linkage locus in members of one multiplex RE/RD pedigree and the DISC1 gene in affected pedigrees at the 1q42 locus. RESULTS In the discovery dataset there was suggestive evidence of linkage for RD to chromosome 7q21 (two-point LOD score 3.05, multipoint LOD 3.08) and at 1q42 (two-point LOD 2.87, multipoint LOD 3.03). Much of the linkage evidence at 7q21 derived from families of French-Canadian origin, whereas the linkage evidence at 1q42 was well distributed across all the families. There was little evidence for linkage at known dyslexia loci. Combining the discovery and confirmation datasets increased the evidence at 1q42 (two-point LOD = 3.49, multipoint HLOD = 4.70), but decreased evidence at 7q21 (two-point LOD = 2.28, multipoint HLOD = 1.81), possibly because the replication sample did not have French Canadian representation. DISCUSSION Reading disability in rolandic epilepsy has a genetic basis and may be influenced by loci at 1q42 and, in some populations, at 7q21; there is little evidence of a role for known DYX loci discovered in "pure" dyslexia pedigrees. 1q42 and 7q21 are candidate novel dyslexia loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Strug
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Addis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theodore Chiang
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zeynep Baskurt
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Weili Li
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tara Clarke
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Huntley Hardison
- St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Kugler
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David E. Mandelbaum
- Hasbro Children’s Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Novotny
- Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Wolf
- Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Deb K. Pal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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Laffin JJS, Raca G, Jackson CA, Strand EA, Jakielski KJ, Shriberg LD. Novel candidate genes and regions for childhood apraxia of speech identified by array comparative genomic hybridization. Genet Med 2012; 14:928-36. [PMID: 22766611 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2012.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to identify new candidate genes and genomic copy-number variations associated with a rare, severe, and persistent speech disorder termed childhood apraxia of speech. Childhood apraxia of speech is the speech disorder segregating with a mutation in FOXP2 in a multigenerational London pedigree widely studied for its role in the development of speech-language in humans. METHODS A total of 24 participants who were suspected to have childhood apraxia of speech were assessed using a comprehensive protocol that samples speech in challenging contexts. All participants met clinical-research criteria for childhood apraxia of speech. Array comparative genomic hybridization analyses were completed using a customized 385K Nimblegen array (Roche Nimblegen, Madison, WI) with increased coverage of genes and regions previously associated with childhood apraxia of speech. RESULTS A total of 16 copy-number variations with potential consequences for speech-language development were detected in 12 or half of the 24 participants. The copy-number variations occurred on 10 chromosomes, 3 of which had two to four candidate regions. Several participants were identified with copy-number variations in two to three regions. In addition, one participant had a heterozygous FOXP2 mutation and a copy-number variation on chromosome 2, and one participant had a 16p11.2 microdeletion and copy-number variations on chromosomes 13 and 14. CONCLUSION Findings support the likelihood of heterogeneous genomic pathways associated with childhood apraxia of speech.
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Shriberg LD, Lohmeier HL, Strand EA, Jakielski KJ. Encoding, memory, and transcoding deficits in Childhood Apraxia of Speech. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2012; 26:445-82. [PMID: 22489736 PMCID: PMC3580385 DOI: 10.3109/02699206.2012.655841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A central question in Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is whether the core phenotype is limited to transcoding (planning/programming) deficits or if speakers with CAS also have deficits in auditory-perceptual encoding (representational) and/or memory (storage and retrieval of representations) processes. We addressed this and other questions using responses to the Syllable Repetition Task (SRT) [Shriberg, L. D., Lohmeier, H. L., Campbell, T. F., Dollaghan, C. A., Green, J. R., & Moore, C. A. (2009). A nonword repetition task for speakers with misarticulations: The syllable repetition task (SRT). Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 52, 1189-1212]. The SRT was administered to 369 individuals in four groups: (a) typical speech-language (119), (b) speech delay-typical language (140), (c) speech delay-language impairment (70), and (d) idiopathic or neurogenetic CAS (40). CAS participants had significantly lower SRT competence, encoding, memory, and transcoding scores than controls. They were 8.3 times more likely than controls to have SRT transcoding scores below 80%. We conclude that speakers with CAS have speech processing deficits in encoding, memory, and transcoding. The SRT currently has moderate diagnostic accuracy to identify transcoding deficits, the signature feature of CAS.
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Benítez-Burraco A. Aspectos problemáticos del análisis genético de los trastornos específicos del lenguaje: FOXP2 como paradigma. Neurologia 2012; 27:225-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Benítez-Burraco A. Problematic aspects of the genetic analysis of the specific disorders of the language: FOXP2 as paradigm. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Smith AB, Kavros PM, Clarke T, Dorta NJ, Tremont G, Pal DK. A neurocognitive endophenotype associated with rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsia 2012; 53:705-11. [PMID: 22220688 PMCID: PMC3319239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with rolandic epilepsy (RE) experience difficulties with reading, language, and attention. Their siblings are at high risk of dyslexia but are not otherwise known to have neurocognitive deficits. We therefore sought evidence for an RE-associated neurocognitive endophenotype. METHODS Thirteen probands (male-to-female ratio 9:4) and 11 epilepsy-free siblings (male-to-female ratio 5:6) completed a neurocognitive evaluation within the domains of reading, language, and attention. Frequencies of impairment were compared, and mean standardized scores of children with RE and their siblings were each compared against population means. KEY FINDINGS Frequency of impairment in each domain was comparable for siblings and probands: 9% of siblings and 31% of probands were reading impaired; 36% of siblings and 54% of probands were language impaired; and 70% of siblings and 67% of probands had attention impairments. Comparison of differences between sample and population means revealed evidence of a similar pattern of language deficits in both groups, specifically for picture naming and attention to competing words. For measures of attention, both groups made significantly higher omission errors and were impaired in their ability to sustain attention. SIGNIFICANCE Children with RE and unaffected siblings demonstrate neurocognitive impairments in the domains of language and attention that are likely to remain undetected with general clinical protocols. Neurocognitively impaired probands and siblings showed a remarkably similar profile of deficits in language and attention that could explain poor academic performance. Early evaluation and intervention may benefit these children academically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Smith
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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O’Muircheartaigh J, Richardson MP. Epilepsy and the frontal lobes. Cortex 2012; 48:144-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Vears DF, Tsai MH, Sadleir LG, Grinton BE, Lillywhite LM, Carney PW, Simon Harvey A, Berkovic SF, Scheffer IE. Clinical genetic studies in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsia 2012; 53:319-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Neurol 2011; 24:183-90. [DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e32834585ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Greenberg DA, Subaran R. Response to comments on the paper “Blinders, phenotype, and fashionable genetic analysis: A critical examination of the current state of epilepsy genetic studies”. Epilepsia 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pal DK. Fashions come and go. Epilepsia 2011; 52:191-2; discussion 193-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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