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Cooke AS, Mullan S, Morten C, Hockenhull J, Le Grice P, Le Cocq K, Lee MRF, Cardenas LM, Rivero MJ. Comparison of the welfare of beef cattle in housed and grazing systems: hormones, health, and behaviour. THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE 2023; 161:450-463. [PMID: 37641790 PMCID: PMC7614983 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859623000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Animal welfare encompasses all aspects of an animal's life and the interactions between animals. Consequently, welfare must be measured across a variety of factors that consider aspects such as health, behaviour, and mental state. Decisions regarding housing and grazing are central to farm management. In this study, two beef cattle systems and their herds were compared from weaning to slaughter across numerous indicators. One herd ("HH") were continuously housed, the other ("HG") were housed only during winter. Inspections of animals were conducted to assess body condition, cleanliness, diarrhoea, hairlessness, nasal discharge, and ocular discharge. Hair and nasal mucus samples were taken for quantification of cortisol and serotonin. Qualitative behaviour assessments (QBA) were also conducted and performance monitored. Physical health indicators were similar between herds with the exception of nasal discharge which was more prevalent in HH (P < 0.001). During winter, QBA yielded differences between herds over PC1 (arousal) (P = 0.032), but not PC2 (mood) (P = 0.139). Through summer, there was a strong difference across both PC1 (P < 0.001) and PC2 (P = 0.002), with HG exhibiting more positive behaviour. A difference was found in hair cortisol levels, with the greatest concentrations observed in HG (P = 0.011), however such a pattern was not seen for nasal mucus cortisol, or for serotonin. Overall, providing summer grazing (HG) appeared to afford welfare benefits to the cattle as shown with more positive QBA assessments, but also slightly better health indicators, notwithstanding the higher levels of cortisol in that group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Cooke
- School of Life Sciences, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, UK
| | - S. Mullan
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C. Morten
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, UK
| | - J. Hockenhull
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - P. Le Grice
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, UK
| | - K. Le Cocq
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, UK
- School of Sustainable Food and Farming, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, UK
| | - M. R. F. Lee
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, UK
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Sustainable Food and Farming, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, UK
| | - L. M. Cardenas
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, UK
| | - M. J. Rivero
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, UK
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Ghassemi Nejad J, Lee BH, Kim JY, Chemere B, Sung KI, Lee HG. Effect of alpine grazing on plasma and hair cortisol, serotonin, and DHEA in dairy cows and its welfare impact. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 75:106581. [PMID: 33189967 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Through the analysis of blood and hair samples, this study evaluated the effects of grazing in alpine areas on welfare indices and indicators of stress in dairy cows. Twenty-one Holstein dairy cows (body weight: 637 ± 21.5 kg; days in milk: 133 ± 17.7, and second parity) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control (nongrazing), 12 h of alpine grazing (12 hG), and 24 h of alpine grazing (24 hG). Blood samples for plasma collection were taken for 3 consecutive days at the end of the experiment. Hair samples were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment. Hormone measurements included cortisol, serotonin, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in both plasma and hair samples. Plasma cortisol and DHEA levels did not differ among the 3 groups, whereas the plasma serotonin level was higher in the 24 hG group than that in the other groups. The plasma cortisol to DHEA ratio was lower in the 24 hG group than that in the control and 12 hG group. The hair samples taken at the end of the experiment showed that the cortisol level was significantly higher in the control group than that in both of the grazing groups and also higher in the 12 hG than that in the 24 hG group. Hair DHEA and serotonin levels were highest in the 24 hG group. The hair cortisol to DHEA ratio was significantly higher in the control group than that in the 12 hG and 24 hG groups and in the 12 hG group than that in the 24 hG group. Our study showed that grazing dairy cows in alpine areas for 24 h improved their welfare, as indicated by increased serotonin levels in hair and plasma, increased hair DHEA level, and decreased stress indicators, including the hair cortisol level and cortisol to DHEA ratio. Farm facilities should allocate optimal grazing time for optimal welfare of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - B-H Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - J-Y Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - B Chemere
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Arsi University, P.O.Box: 193, Asella, Arsi, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - K-I Sung
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - H-G Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Valente EEL, Klotz JL, Harmon DL. 5-Hydroxytryptophan strongly stimulates serotonin synthesis in Holstein steers. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106560. [PMID: 33035847 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although serotonin has been extensively studied in many species, there is a lack of information in ruminants, and no research has been evaluated if its precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), administered into the abomasum may be used as a means to manipulate serotonin metabolism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate if intra-abomasal infusion of 5-HTP increases circulating serotonin in the steer. Eight Holstein steers (471 ± 8.9 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design experiment. The treatments were intra-abomasal infusion of 5-HTP at 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg BW. Blood was collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after infusion. The serum concentration of 5-HTP increased quadratically (P = 0.005) with a peak at 2 h after administration. The 5-HTP administration increased (P < 0.05) serum serotonin in comparison with baseline with no difference (P > 0.05) between the doses of 5-HTP. When 5-HTP was dosed at 2.5 mg/kg BW or higher, intake decreased, and there was an altered manure consistency. The serum 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid concentrations followed the same pattern as 5-HTP. Plasma glucose content was not affected (P > 0.05) by 5-HTP dosing. However, free fatty acids concentration in the plasma was lower (P > 0.05) compared with baseline for the infusion levels of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg BW. Intra-abomasal infusion of 5-HTP efficiently increases serum serotonin cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E L Valente
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Parana, Marechal Cândido, Rondon 85960-000, Brazil
| | - J L Klotz
- USDA-ARS, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - D L Harmon
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
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Valente EEL, Klotz JL, Ahn G, Harmon DL. Pattern of postruminal administration of l-tryptophan affects blood serotonin in cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106574. [PMID: 33059121 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) has many important functions in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Although it has been demonstrated that manipulation of serotonin metabolism is possible in many species, there is limited information about l-tryptophan (TRP), a serotonin precursor, in cattle, and these provide conflicting results. Furthermore, there is no study evaluating how different patterns of intra-abomasal infusion of TRP impact circulating 5-HT. The objective of this study was to evaluate if intra-abomasal infusion patterns of TRP can affect circulating 5-HT and other metabolites from TRP metabolism in the plasma and serum and circulating glucose and insulin in cattle. Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein steers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each received intra-abomasal water infusion (control) or intra-abomasal TRP infusion (50 mg/kg BW) in 3 different patterns: a pulse infusion once a day (pulse once), pulse infusion twice a day (pulse twice), or continuous infusion (continuous). For continuous treatment, the TRP dose was diluted in tap water and infused by a peristaltic pump (300 mL/h). To equalize conditions, the other treatments had a water infusion (300 mL/h). The steers were fed every 2 h, and blood was collected from a jugular vein catheter every 4 h for 24 h after the initial infusion. Urine produced during the 24 h period was collected. Serum and plasma TRP, 5-HT and kynurenine, plasma glucose, and serum insulin concentrations were analyzed. Urine was analyzed for concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Both serum TRP and kynurenine were increased (P < 0.05) by all TRP infusion treatments, but concentrations in pulse dose treatments were greater than those in continuous infusion. Serum 5-HT increased (P < 0.05) with both pulse TRP infusion treatments; however, the continuous TRP infusion did not increase the serum 5-HT. Plasma 5-HT, glucose, and insulin had a tendency to increase with TRP pulse infusions. The urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion was highest for pulse dose treatments. An acute supply of TRP in 1 or 2 daily doses increases serum 5-HT and increases circulating glucose and insulin in cattle. The TRP and kynurenine concentrations are similar in plasma and serum. However, the serum 5-HT concentration is more responsive to TRP administration than plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E L Valente
- Agricultural Science Center, State University of Western Parana, Marechal Cândido Rondon 85960-000, Brazil
| | - J L Klotz
- USDA-ARS, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - G Ahn
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546, USA
| | - D L Harmon
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546, USA.
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Zhao Y, Wu XY, Xu SX, Xie JY, Xiang KW, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Wu P, Zhao J, Zhou XQ, Jiang J. Dietary tryptophan affects growth performance, digestive and absorptive enzyme activities, intestinal antioxidant capacity, and appetite and GH-IGF axis-related gene expression of hybrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1627-1647. [PMID: 31161532 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 56-day feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on growth performance, digestive and absorptive enzyme activities, intestinal antioxidant capacity, and appetite and GH-IGF axis-related genes expression of hybrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂). A total of 864 hybrid catfish (21.82 ± 0.14 g) were fed six different experimental diets containing graded levels of Trp at 2.6, 3.1, 3.7, 4.2, 4.7, and 5.6 g kg-1 diet. The results indicated that dietary Trp increased (P < 0.05) (1) final body weight, percent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio; (2) fish body protein, lipid and ash contents, protein, and ash production values; (3) stomach weight, stomach somatic index, liver weight, intestinal weight, length and somatic index, and relative gut length; and (4) activities of pepsin in the stomach; trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, and amylase in the pancreas and intestine; and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, Na+, K+-ATPase, and alkaline phosphatase in the intestine. Dietary Trp decreased malondialdehyde content, increased antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione content, but downregulated Keap1 mRNA expression, and upregulated the expression of NPY, ghrelin, GH, GHR, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, PIK3Ca, AKT1, TOR, 4EBP1, and S6K1 genes. These results indicated that Trp improved hybrid catfish growth performance, digestive and absorptive ability, antioxidant status, and appetite and GH-IGF axis-related gene expression. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of PWG, SGR, and FI, the dietary Trp requirement of hybrid catfish (21.82-39.64 g) was recommended between 3.96 and 4.08 g kg-1 diet (9.4-9.7 g kg-1 of dietary protein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Shang-Xiao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kai-Wen Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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6
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Lee SB, Lee KW, Wang T, Lee JS, Jung US, Nejad JG, Oh YK, Baek YC, Kim KH, Lee HG. Intravenous administration of L-tryptophan stimulates gastrointestinal hormones and melatonin secretions: study on beef cattle. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:239-244. [PMID: 31452911 PMCID: PMC6686141 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.4.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effective dose of intravenous administration of L-tryptophan (L-T) on gastrointestinal hormones (GIH) secretions and melatonin using Hanwoo cattle. Three steers (362 ± 23 kg) fitted with indwelling jugular vein catheters were assigned in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments were intravenous administration of saline (control), 28.9 mg L-T/kg body weight (BW; low) and 57.8 mg L-T/kg BW (high) L-T for 1 day with 7 days of adaptation. Samples were collected after adaptation period at -60, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, and 300 min of sampling day. The levels of serum cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin were higher (p < 0.05) in the high L-T group than those in the other groups. Serum Melatonin (MEL) levels were increased upon L-T administration (p < 0.05) in the high L-T group. Taken together, the effective dose of L-T administration was defined at 57.8 mg L-T/kg BW in order to stimulate increase of GIH and MEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bum Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal
Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal
Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin 130118,
China
| | - Jae-Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal
Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science,
Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - U-Suk Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal
Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal
Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science,
Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Young-Kyoon Oh
- Department of Nutrition and Physiology, National Institute of
Animal Science, RDA, JeonJu 55365, Korea
| | - Youl-Chang Baek
- Department of Nutrition and Physiology, National Institute of
Animal Science, RDA, JeonJu 55365, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology,
Pyeongchang Campus, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal
Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science,
Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
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Sutoh M, Kasuya E, Yayou KI. Effects of intravenous tryptophan infusion on thermoregulation in steers exposed to acute heat stress. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:777-783. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Sutoh
- Animal Environment and Health Unit; Division of Animal Environment and Waste Management Research; Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Etsuko Kasuya
- Animal Environment and Health Unit; Division of Animal Environment and Waste Management Research; Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yayou
- Animal Environment and Health Unit; Division of Animal Environment and Waste Management Research; Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
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8
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Coat and hair color: hair cortisol and serotonin levels in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:190-194. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Rietema SE, Blackberry MA, Maloney SK, Martin GB, Hawken PAR, Blache D. Twenty-four-hour profiles of metabolic and stress hormones in sheep selected for a calm or nervous temperament. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 53:78-87. [PMID: 26143303 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Even in the absence of stressors, temperament is associated with changes in the concentration of stress-responsive hormones and, possibly because of such changes, temperament can affect metabolism. We tested whether, in sheep bred for temperament for 14 generations, "nervous" females have greater concentrations of stress-responsive hormones in the absence of stressors than "calm" females, and whether these differences are associated with changes in the concentrations of metabolic hormones. In resting "calm" (n = 8) and "nervous" (n = 8) sheep, concentrations of cortisol, prolactin, leptin, and insulin were measured in blood plasma sampled via jugular catheter every 20 min for 24 h. The animals were individually penned, habituated to their housing and human handling over 7 wk, and fed before sampling began. Diurnal variation was evident for all hormones, but a 24-h cortisol pattern was detected in only 7 individuals. There was no effect of temperament on any aspect of concentrations of cortisol or prolactin, but "calm" animals had greater concentrations of insulin in the early afternoon than "nervous" animals (14.5 ± 1.1 vs 10.0 ± 1.6 μU/mL; P = 0.038), and a similar tendency was seen for leptin (P = 0.092). We conclude that selection for temperament affects the concentration of metabolic hormones in the absence of stressors, but this effect is independent of stress-responsive hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Rietema
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - M A Blackberry
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - S K Maloney
- The School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - G B Martin
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - P A R Hawken
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - D Blache
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
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10
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Sutoh M, Kasuya E, Yayou KI, Ohtani F, Kobayashi Y. Intravenous tryptophan administration attenuates cortisol secretion induced by intracerebroventricular injection of noradrenaline. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:266-70. [PMID: 26260296 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of suppression of stress-induced cortisol (CORT) secretion by tryptophan (TRP) administration and to better understand its regulatory mechanisms by using a noradrenaline (NA) injection into the third ventricle (3V) as a stress model in cattle. A total of 25 Holstein steers with a cannula in the 3V were used. First, the increase in CORT secretion was observed following a NA injection into the 3V in a dose-dependent manner, verifying the appropriateness of this treatment as a stress model of CORT secretion (Experiment 1). The effect of prior-administration of TRP into peripheral blood with a dose that has been demonstrated to increase brain 5-hydroxytryptamine levels on the elevation of plasma CORT induced by NA or corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was then examined (Experiment 2). The prior administration of TRP suppressed NA-induced, but not CRH-induced, CORT elevation. These results suggest that an increase in TRP absorption into peripheral blood could suppress the stress-induced CORT secretion in cattle via the attenuation of the stimulatory effect of NA on the hypothalamic CRH release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Sutoh
- Animal Physiology and Nutrition Research Division, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kasuya
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yayou
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ohtani
- Animal Physiology and Nutrition Research Division, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kobayashi
- Animal Physiology and Nutrition Research Division, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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11
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Kasuya E. Secretory pattern and regulatory mechanism of growth hormone in cattle. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:178-82. [PMID: 26260675 PMCID: PMC5042056 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ultradian rhythm of growth hormone (GH) secretion has been known in several animal species for years and has recently been observed in cattle. Although the physiological significance of the rhythm is not yet fully understood, it appears essential for normal growth. In this review, previous studies concerning the GH secretory pattern in cattle, including its ultradian rhythm, are introduced and the regulatory mechanism is discussed on the basis of recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Kasuya
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
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Laporta J, Moore SAE, Weaver SR, Cronick CM, Olsen M, Prichard AP, Schnell BP, Crenshaw TD, Peñagaricano F, Bruckmaier RM, Hernandez LL. Increasing serotonin concentrations alter calcium and energy metabolism in dairy cows. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:43-55. [PMID: 26099356 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A 4×4 Latin square design in which varied doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg) of 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-HTP, a serotonin precursor) were intravenously infused into late-lactation, non-pregnant Holstein dairy cows was used to determine the effects of serotonin on calcium and energy metabolism. Infusion periods lasted 4 days, with a 5-day washout between periods. Cows were infused at a constant rate for 1 h each day. Blood was collected pre- and 5, 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post-infusion, urine was collected pre- and post-infusion, and milk was collected daily. All of the 5-HTP doses increased systemic serotonin as compared to the 0 mg/kg dose, and the 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg doses increased circulating glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and decreased beta-hydroxybutyrate (βHBA) concentrations. Treatment of cows with either 1.0 or 1.5 mg/kg 5-HTP doses decreased urine calcium elimination, and the 1.5 mg/kg dose increased milk calcium concentrations. No differences were detected in the heart rates, respiration rates, or body temperatures of the cows; however, manure scores and defecation frequency were affected. Indeed, cows that received 5-HTP defecated more, and the consistency of their manure was softer. Treatment of late-lactation dairy cows with 5-HTP improved energy metabolism, decreased loss of calcium into urine, and increased calcium secretion into milk. Further research should target the effects of increasing serotonin during the transition period to determine any benefits for post-parturient calcium and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Laporta
- Departments of Dairy ScienceAnimal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USAVeterinary PhysiologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Spencer A E Moore
- Departments of Dairy ScienceAnimal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USAVeterinary PhysiologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samantha R Weaver
- Departments of Dairy ScienceAnimal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USAVeterinary PhysiologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Callyssa M Cronick
- Departments of Dairy ScienceAnimal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USAVeterinary PhysiologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Megan Olsen
- Departments of Dairy ScienceAnimal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USAVeterinary PhysiologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Austin P Prichard
- Departments of Dairy ScienceAnimal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USAVeterinary PhysiologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brian P Schnell
- Departments of Dairy ScienceAnimal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USAVeterinary PhysiologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas D Crenshaw
- Departments of Dairy ScienceAnimal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USAVeterinary PhysiologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Peñagaricano
- Departments of Dairy ScienceAnimal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USAVeterinary PhysiologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rupert M Bruckmaier
- Departments of Dairy ScienceAnimal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USAVeterinary PhysiologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Departments of Dairy ScienceAnimal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USAVeterinary PhysiologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Kasuya E, Yayou KI, Sutoh M. L-DOPA attenuates prolactin secretion in response to isolation stress in Holstein steers. Anim Sci J 2013; 84:562-8. [PMID: 23607456 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To clarify endocrine responses to psychological stressors in cattle, the effects of isolation from familiar peers on plasma prolactin (PRL) and cortisol (CORT) concentrations, and the effect of 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA), a precursor of dopamine (DA), on stress-induced PRL secretion were determined in Holstein steers. First, the potency of peripheral L-DOPA administration on attenuation of central DA levels was confirmed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from a chronic cannula in the third ventricle and plasma were sampled 1 h before and 3 h after intravenous injection of L-DOPA (100 mg/head). DA concentrations in CSF increased just after L-DOPA injection with subsequent decrease in PRL secretion. Injection of L-DOPA increased CORT secretion. Second, one experimental steer was isolated in its stall by removing its peers for 2 h with or without- pre-injection of L-DOPA. The concentration of PRL was elevated by isolation treatment, whereas the effect of isolation on CORT concentration could not be detected. The increase in PRL concentration after isolation was abolished by pre-injection of L-DOPA. These results suggest that PRL responds to isolation and that DA neurons in the central nervous system may regulate stress-induced PRL secretion in steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Kasuya
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
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