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Wang H, Liu S, Xu J, Hu X, Han ZR. Daily experiences and well-being of Chinese parents of children with autism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023:13623613221144191. [PMID: 36594108 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221144191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT The present study examined the influences of child-related stress, parental coping and social support on parental daily subjective well-being (i.e. positive and negative affect, life satisfactory) in Chinese families of children with autism spectrum disorder. For 14 days, a total of 76 parents (58 mothers) participated in the study and completed daily diaries. For mothers, child-related stress was related to lower life satisfaction; social support was related to higher life satisfaction that day. These daily relations were not found for fathers. Across all parents, avoidant coping was associated with higher negative affect and lower positive affect on the same day. Notably, daily positive coping was related to greater same-day positive affect as well as greater same-day and next-day life satisfaction. Interventions aimed at increasing positive coping and social support, and reducing child-related stress and avoidant coping are important to help parents maintain well-being, particularly for mothers of children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, China
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2
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Xu J, Troop-Gordon W, Rudolph KD. Within-person reciprocal associations between peer victimization and need for approval. Dev Psychol 2022; 58:1999-2011. [PMID: 35666926 PMCID: PMC9675404 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prior research links need for approval (NFA; the extent to which self-worth is contingent on peer approval or disapproval) to critical developmental outcomes, but little is known about how NFA develops over time or within social contexts. To address this gap, the present study used a sophisticated analytic approach (autoregressive latent trajectory modeling with standardized residuals) to examine dynamic associations between one salient social experience-peer victimization-and two dimensions of NFA, conceptualized in terms of approach motivation (NFAapproach; enhanced self-worth based on peer approval) and avoidance motivation (NFAavoid; depleted self-worth based on peer disapproval). Following 636 youth (338 girls; Mage = 7.96 years at Wave 1; 66.7% White; 35.0% subsidized school lunch) from second to seventh grade, analyses revealed that peer victimization predicts subsequent increases in NFAavoid, which in turn predicts subsequent increases in victimization. Findings also revealed that although mean levels of NFAavoid decrease during childhood, increases or decreases in NFA become more entrenched. Thus, childhood peer victimization may disrupt normative decreases in NFAavoid and contribute to a cycle in which negative peer judgments increasingly foster low self-worth and further peer difficulties. Preventing this cycle may require encouraging peer-victimized youth to base their self-worth on internal standards rather than peer feedback while helping them develop positive relationships that promote self-worth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjie Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University
| | | | - Karen D. Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
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3
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Iveniuk J, Calzavara L, Bullock S, Mendelsohn J, Burchell A, Bisaillon L, Daftary A, Lebouché B, Masching R, Thompson T. Social capital and HIV-serodiscordance: Disparities in access to personal and professional resources for HIV-positive and HIV-negative partners. SSM Popul Health 2022; 17:101056. [PMID: 35342785 PMCID: PMC8943292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Wu R, Ercia A. Analysing the impact of private health insurance on inequities in health care utilization: a longitudinal study from China. Health Policy Plan 2021; 36:1593-1604. [PMID: 34417798 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 2000s, Chinese government has sought to encourage the growth of private health insurance (PHI) while simultaneously expanding the breadth of coverage in its social health insurance (SHI) system. This paper examines how the prevalence of PHI has changed during this period and the extent to which PHI contributed to the growth of horizontal and geographical inequities with a focus on healthcare utilization. National data from China Health and Nutrition Survey between 2000 and 2015 were analysed using a multilevel modelling approach. The analysis investigated the impact of SHI membership as related to PHI uptake, PHI enrolees' utilization of health services and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses. This study found being covered by an SHI scheme reduced the uptake of PHI between 2004 and 2015. Having PHI caused an increase in utilizing outpatient care but did not affect OOP expenses. Coverage prevalence of PHI in a residential community was positively associated with the average level of healthcare utilization. Coverage prevalence of PHI and its effects on healthcare utilization varied geographically. The findings suggest that expanding the role of PHI was not effective without clear support from government policy. Furthermore, the expansion of PHI may cause an increase in horizontal and geographical inequities in healthcare utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runguo Wu
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 58 Turner Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AB, UK.,Global Health Policy Unit, School of Social and Political Science, the University of Edinburgh, 15a George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK
| | - Angelo Ercia
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.,Cievert, an Evergreen Life Company, Evergreen Business Centre, Clowes Street, Manchester M3 5NA, UK
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5
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Buyukcan-Tetik A, Pronk TM. Partner self-control and intrusive behaviors: A gender-specific examination of the mediating role of trust. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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James C, Jimenez ME, Wade R, Nepomnyaschy L. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Teen Behavior Outcomes: The Role of Disability. Acad Pediatr 2021; 21:1395-1403. [PMID: 34020101 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and teen behavior outcomes and whether the presence of disability moderates this relationship. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of population-based data from the Fragile Families & Child Wellbeing Study urban birth cohort. Disability status included physical/developmental/behavioral conditions (ages 1-5) using mother-reported child health conditions and cognitive disability (age 9), measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), an assessment of receptive vocabulary. We investigated whether either disability type moderates the relationship between ACEs occurring between ages 5 to 9 and behavior outcomes at age 15, specifically, standardized scales of caregiver-reported externalizing and youth-reported internalizing and delinquent behaviors. Associations were examined using multivariate linear regression models, including interaction effects of ACEs with low PPVT score and disability conditions to assess for potential moderation. RESULTS Of the 3038 children included, 15% had a cognitive disability and 24% had a disabling health condition. The presence of 2 or more ACEs (compared to none) is associated with more externalizing (by 0.34 standard deviations [SD]), internalizing (0.18 SD), and delinquent (0.18 SD) behaviors. Cognitive disability exacerbates this association for externalizing behaviors and delinquent behaviors while other disabling health conditions do not. CONCLUSIONS ACEs were associated with more behavior problems among urban youth. Cognitive disability, but not other disabling health conditions, compounded this association for externalizing and delinquent behaviors, indicating these children may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of trauma and adversity. Targeted assessment and resources for youth with cognitive disability are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine James
- Rutgers University School of Social Work (C James and L Nepomnyaschy), New Brunswick, NJ.
| | - Manuel E Jimenez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (ME Jimenez), New Brunswick, NJ; The Boggs Center on Developmental Disabilities (ME Jimenez), New Brunswick, NJ; Child Health Institute of New Jersey (ME Jimenez), New Brunswick, NJ; Children's Specialized Hospital (ME Jimenez), New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Roy Wade
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (R Wade Jr), Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (R Wade Jr), Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lenna Nepomnyaschy
- Rutgers University School of Social Work (C James and L Nepomnyaschy), New Brunswick, NJ
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Euteneuer F, Süssenbach P. Longitudinal Reciprocal Relationships Between Subjective Social Status and Short Sleep Duration in a German Population-Based Sample. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:803-810. [PMID: 34168510 PMCID: PMC8216750 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s301293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low socioeconomic status is associated with short sleep duration. Most studies in this area have used measures of objective socioeconomic status (OSS) such as income, education, or occupation. Subjective social status (SSS) refers to one's perceived standing in the social hierarchy. Cross-sectional findings suggest that lower SSS is associated with short sleep duration beyond the effect of OSS. This work examines longitudinal associations between SSS, OSS, and short sleep duration. METHODS Reciprocal associations of national SSS (ie, comparison with people in one's country), local SSS (ie, comparison with people in one's social environment), and OSS (ie, income and education) with sleep duration were examined across two data waves with a two-year time lag using cross-lagged panel modeling. Participants of this secondary analysis were 2156 individuals who participated in a representative German panel. RESULTS Lower national SSS (but not local SSS) and lower income at baseline predicted short sleep duration at follow-up. When considering indicators of SSS and OSS simultaneously, only national SSS remained a significant predictor of short sleep duration. A half-longitudinal mediation analysis indicated that national SSS mediates associations between lower OSS and short sleep duration. CONCLUSION One's perceived socioeconomic position in the country is a relevant predictor of short sleep duration and could be a psychological link between OSS and short sleep duration as mediation analyses suggest. Future studies on socioeconomic status and sleep should thus take into account subjective measures of socioeconomic status to gain a clearer picture of the social determinants of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Euteneuer
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Süssenbach
- Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (FHM) Bielefeld-University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany
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King TL, Shields M, Sojo V, Daraganova G, Currier D, O’Neil A, King K, Milner A. Expressions of masculinity and associations with suicidal ideation among young males. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:228. [PMID: 32398056 PMCID: PMC7218581 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-2475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent boys and young men are at particular risk of suicide. Suicidal ideation is an important risk factor for suicide, but is poorly understood among adolescent males. Some masculine behaviors have been associated with deleterious effects on health, yet there has been little quantitative examination of associations between masculinity and suicide or suicidal ideation, particularly among boys/young men. This study aimed to examine associations between conformity to masculine norms and suicidal ideation in a sample of adolescents. METHODS A prospective cohort design, this study drew on a sample of 829 Australian boys/young men from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health. Boys were 15-18 years at baseline, and 17-20 years at follow-up. Masculine norms (Wave 1), were measured using the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-22). Suicidal ideation (Wave 2) was a single-item from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for available confounders including parental education, Indigenous Australian identity and area disadvantage. RESULTS In adjusted models, greater conformity to violent norms (OR = 1.23, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03-1.47) and self-reliance norms (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15-1.70) was associated with higher odds of reporting suicidal ideation. Greater conformity to norms regarding heterosexuality was associated with reduced odds of reporting suicidal ideation (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.91). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that conforming to some masculine norms may be deleterious to the mental health of young males, placing them at greater risk of suicidal ideation. The results highlight the importance of presenting young males with alternative and multiple ways of being a male. Facilitating a relaxation of norms regarding self-reliance, and encouraging help-seeking, is vital. Furthermore, dismantling norms that rigidly enforce masculine norms, particularly in relation to heteronormativity, is likely to benefit the broad population of males, not only those who do not conform to heterosexual and other masculine norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania L. King
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Bouverie St, Carlton, 3010 Australia
| | - Marissa Shields
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Bouverie St, Carlton, 3010 Australia
| | - Victor Sojo
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Workplace Leadership, Department of Management and Marketing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Galina Daraganova
- grid.478363.d0000 0004 0432 3800Longitudinal and Lifecourse Studies, Australian Institute of Family Studies, Honorary Melbourne University Fellow, Southbank, VIC 3006 Australia
| | - Dianne Currier
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Bouverie St, Carlton, 3010 Australia
| | - Adrienne O’Neil
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220 Australia
| | - Kylie King
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Bouverie St, Carlton, 3010 Australia
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Walters GD. The Sibling Effect for Delinquency: Mediation by Proactive Criminal Thinking and Moderation by Age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2020; 64:265-288. [PMID: 31470747 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x19872963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study tested whether the sibling delinquency effect, like the peer influence effect, is mediated by proactive (planned, calculated, and amoral) criminal thinking. Youth who completed the Offending, Crime and Justice Survey (OCJS) and had a sibling living at home were divided into an early adolescent subsample (n = 795) and a mid-adolescent subsample (n = 532) after it was determined that age moderated the effect of sibling delinquency on proactive criminal thinking and serious offending. The results of a causal mediation analysis revealed a significant pathway running from sibling delinquency at Wave 1, to proactive criminal thinking at Wave 2, to serious offending at Wave 3, but only in the early adolescent subsample. These results suggest that the sibling delinquency effect may be the result of learning proactive criminal thinking in association with a delinquent sibling while still an early adolescent.
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Mental health of adolescents: variations by borderline intellectual functioning and disability. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1231-1240. [PMID: 30759281 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of elevated stress for many young people, and it is possible that the challenges of adolescence are different for vulnerable groups. We aimed to document the depressive and anxiety symptoms, emotional-behavioural difficulties and suicidal/self-harming behaviours among adolescents with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) or a disability, compared to those with neither disability nor BIF. Data were drawn from the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Participants were 2950 adolescents with complete data for waves 3-6 (years 2008-2014), aged 14-15 years in 2014. Anxiety and depression symptoms and self-harming/suicidal thought/behaviours were self-reported. Emotional-behavioural difficulties items came from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and were parent-, and adolescent-reported. Results of logistic regression analyses indicate that the emotional-behavioural difficulties of adolescents with either a disability or BIF, were worse than for those with neither disability nor BIF. While adolescents with a disability reported more anxiety symptoms, no clear associations were observed for self-harming/suicidal thoughts/behaviours or depressive symptoms for those with either BIF or a disability. Adolescents with BIF or a disability are at higher risk of poor mental health than those with neither disability nor BIF, and it is vital that factors contributing to these differences are identified in order to reduce these mental health inequalities.
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Walters GD. Prosocial Peers as Risk, Protective, and Promotive Factors for the Prevention of Delinquency and Drug Use. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 49:618-630. [PMID: 31214913 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Risk, protective, and promotive factors are instrumental in predicting and, in some cases, explaining human behavior. In the current study, an attempt was made to determine which of these three functions prosocial peers served with respect their effect on future delinquency and drug use. A sample of 2905 youth (51% female, 47% White, 21% Hispanic, 17% Black, mean age = 12.14 years) from the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) project were included in this study. Longitudinal analyses, conducted over a period of one year and controlling for age, sex, race, parental knowledge, parental support, unsupervised routine activities, peer delinquency, and prior delinquency/drug use, revealed that associating with prosocial peers led to significant reductions in property offending and drug use. Although there was no evidence that prosocial peers moderated or neutralized the risk generated by delinquent peer associations, they did serve as risk and promotive factors. Hence, associating less often with prosocial peers predicted a rise in property offending and drug use (risk effect), whereas associating more often with prosocial peers predicted a decline in future property offending and drug use (promotive effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Walters
- Department of Criminal Justice, Kutztown University, Kutztown, PA, 19530-0730, USA.
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Walters GD. Animal cruelty and bullying: Behavioral markers of delinquency risk or causal antecedents of delinquent behavior? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2019; 62:77-84. [PMID: 30616857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether animal cruelty and bullying, in addition to serving as behavioral markers of delinquency risk, may also serve as causal antecedents of future delinquent behavior. It was hypothesized that these two behaviors would predict an increase in future offending via a rise in proactive criminal thinking, as measured by moral disengagement, one of its facets, but not via a rise in reactive criminal thinking or cognitive impulsivity. METHODS All 1170 male members of the Pathways to Desistance study (mean age = 16.05 years) served as participants in this study. The first three waves of data from the Pathways study were used to perform a causal mediation path analysis. RESULTS The results of this study supported the main research hypothesis. Specifically, the indirect effects of animal cruelty and bullying on future delinquency were mediated by moral disengagement but not cognitive impulsivity. Furthermore, the difference between moral disengagement and cognitive impulsivity mediation of the animal cruelty-delinquency relationship achieved statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that animal cruelty and bullying not only serve as early behavioral markers of delinquency risk but also play a potentially important role in delinquency growth and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Walters
- Department of Criminal Justice, Kutztown University, Kutztown, PA 19530-0730.
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Walters GD, Espelage DL. Exploring the victimization‒early substance misuse relationship: In search of moderating and mediating effects. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 81:354-365. [PMID: 29793150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to address two research questions. The first research question asked whether physical abuse victimization at the hands of parents/guardians, bullying victimization at the hands of peers, and the abuse x bullying interaction encouraged early involvement in substance misuse. The second research question inquired as to whether the victimization‒substance misuse relationship was mediated by variables proposed by various theories and research studies-specifically, cognitive impulsivity, negative affect, and low self-esteem. A moderated mediation hypothesis was tested in a group of 865 (417 boys, 448 girls) schoolchildren from the Illinois Study of Bullying and Sexual Violence who were 10 to 15 years of age at the time of initial contact. A path analysis performed with three waves of data revealed that physical abuse and bullying victimization predicted substance misuse with mediation by cognitive impulsivity, but there was no evidence of moderation. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that victimization, whether through parental physical abuse or peer bullying, increases cognitive impulsivity, and that cognitive impulsivity, in turn, encourages early involvement in substance misuse. The practical implications of these results are that interventions designed to counter cognitive impulsivity and encourage cognitive control may be effective in preventing children traumatized by physical abuse and bullying from entering the early stages of a drug or substance using lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Walters
- Department of Criminal Justice, Kutztown University, Kutztown, Pennsylvania, 19530-0730, United States.
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Walters GD. Exposure to Violence as a Mediator of the CU–Aggression Relationship: on the Importance of Establishing the Causal Direction of Variables in a Path Analysis. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-018-9670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Barr AB, Simons LG, Simons RL, Beach SRH, Philibert RA. Sharing the Burden of the Transition to Adulthood: African American Young Adults' Transition Challenges and Their Mothers' Health Risk. AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW 2018; 83:143-172. [PMID: 34294941 PMCID: PMC8294643 DOI: 10.1177/0003122417751442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
For many African American youth, the joint influences of economic and racial marginalization render the transition to stable adult roles challenging. We have gained much insight into how these challenges affect future life chances, yet we lack an understanding of what these challenges mean in the context of linked lives. Drawing on a life course framework, this study examines how young African Americans' experiences across a variety of salient domains during the transition to adulthood affect their mothers' health. Results suggest that stressors experienced by African Americans during the transition to adulthood (e.g., unemployment, troubled romantic relationships, arrest) heighten their mothers' cumulative biological risk for chronic diseases, or allostatic load, and reduce subjective health. These results suggest that the toll of an increasingly tenuous and uncertain transition to adulthood extends beyond young people to their parents. Hence, increased public investments during this transition may not only reduce inequality and improve life chances for young people themselves, but may also enhance healthy aging by relieving the heavy burden on parents to help their children navigate this transition.
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Resurrecting the Empathy–Bullying Relationship with a Pro-Bullying Attitudes Mediator: the Lazarus Effect in Mediation Research. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 46:1229-1239. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Keith JM, Bennetto L, Rogge RD. The relationship between contact and attitudes: Reducing prejudice toward individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 47:14-26. [PMID: 26342326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Increases in intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) diagnoses coupled with higher rates of inclusion in school and community settings, has created more opportunities for exposure and integration between those with IDD and the mainstream population. Previous research has found that increased contact can lead to more positive attitudes toward those with IDD. The current study further investigated this impact of contact on attitudes by examining the influence of the quality and quantity of contact on both explicit and implicit levels of prejudice, while also considering potential mediation via intergroup anxiety and implicit attitudes. Based on past research and theory, we predicted that contact (especially quality contact) would have a strong relationship with explicit and implicit positive attitudes toward individuals with IDD. In the present study, 550 people completed a survey and short task that measured their level of contact with individuals with IDD across their lifetime, their current attitudes toward these individuals, and other constructs that are thought to influence this relationship. Multiple regression analyses suggested consistent links between higher quality of contact and lower levels of prejudice toward individuals with IDD at both the explicit and implicit levels. After controlling for quality of contact, higher quantity of contact was either not significantly associated with our measures of prejudice or was, importantly, associated with higher levels of prejudice. Additional analyses support intergroup anxiety and implicit positive attitudes as significant mediators in the associations between quality of contact and the various dimensions of explicit prejudice. Thus, it would seem that it is the quality of interpersonal interactions that is most strongly related to positive attitudes toward individuals with IDD, making it crucial to take care when developing inclusion opportunities in community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Keith
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, USA.
| | - Loisa Bennetto
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, USA.
| | - Ronald D Rogge
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, USA.
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Young R, Johnson DR. Handling Missing Values in Longitudinal Panel Data With Multiple Imputation. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2015; 77:277-294. [PMID: 26113748 PMCID: PMC4477955 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This article offers an applied review of key issues and methods for the analysis of longitudinal panel data in the presence of missing values. The authors consider the unique challenges associated with attrition (survey dropout), incomplete repeated measures, and unknown observations of time. Using simulated data based on 4 waves of the Marital Instability Over the Life Course Study (n = 2,034), they applied a fixed effect regression model and an event-history analysis with time-varying covariates. They then compared results for analyses with nonimputed missing data and with imputed data both in long and in wide structures. Imputation produced improved estimates in the event-history analysis but only modest improvements in the estimates and standard errors of the fixed effects analysis. Factors responsible for differences in the value of imputation are examined, and recommendations for handling missing values in panel data are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Young
- Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Box 354922, Seattle, WA 98195
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Moorman SM, Carr D, Boerner K. The Role of Relationship Biography in Advance Care Planning. J Aging Health 2014; 26:969-92. [DOI: 10.1177/0898264314534895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We examine the ways that romantic relationship biographies are related to whether, how, and with whom individuals complete advance care planning (ACP), preparations for end-of-life medical care. Method: Data are from an Internet survey of 2,144 adults aged 18 to 64, all of whom were either married to or cohabiting with an opposite-sex partner. Results: Cohabitors were less likely than married people to complete ACP. Relationship quality was an important influence on ACP, but did not account for the differences between married and cohabiting persons. Differences were largely explained by the age composition of the groups. Discussion: Couples who foresee a long and stable future together are those most likely to engage in end-of-life planning, a preventative health behavior with long-term consequences for well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathrin Boerner
- Jewish Home Lifecare, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School, New York, NY, USA
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