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Guan Z, Liang Y, Zhu Z, Yang A, Li S, Wang X, Wang J. Genetic Effects of ITPK1 Polymorphisms on the Risk of Neural Tube Defects: a Population-Based Study. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1585-1593. [PMID: 36323916 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inositol is closely related to the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs). Inositol 1, 3, 4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase (ITPK1) gene encoded an essential regulatory enzyme ITPK1, which is involved in inositol metabolism and has a critical role in the development of neural tube and axial mesoderm. It had been reported that some polymorphisms of critical genes in inositol pathways, including ITPK1, were associated with NTDs in Chinese pregnant women; however, the association between fetus ITPK1 polymorphisms and NTDs had not been reported. In a high incidence of NTDs region of China, a case-control study was performed to evaluate the association between fetal ITPK1 polymorphisms and NTDs. The ITPK1 polymorphisms were genotyped by iPLEX® Gold assay. Inositol levels in fetus brain tissues were analyzed. Three genetic polymorphisms of fetus ITPK1's, including rs3818175, rs2295394, and rs4586354, were statistically associated with spina bifida (NTD subtypes). A higher risk of spina bifida was associated with genotype GG of rs3818175, genotype CC of rs4586354, and genotype TT of rs2295394 (OR = 2.66, 95% CI [1.17-6.05], P = 0.017; OR = 2.22, 95% CI [1.02-4.80], P = 0.041; and OR = 2.33, 95% CI [1.00-5.48], P = 0.047), when compared with the other wild-type genotypes CC, TT, and CC, respectively. Decreased brain inositol level was found in NTDs fetuses, compared to normal controls. Inositol levels were found to significantly decrease with rs2295394 (CC genotype), rs4586354 (TT genotype), and rs3818175 (GC genotype) (P < 0.05). The polymorphisms of fetus ITPK1 were associated with the incidence of NTDs and might be a genetic risk factor for spina bifida.
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Kokhanov A. Congenital Abnormalities in the Infant of a Diabetic Mother. Neoreviews 2022; 23:e319-e327. [PMID: 35490182 DOI: 10.1542/neo.23-5-e319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is among the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Infants of diabetic mothers are at increased risk of having congenital abnormalities. Tremendous progress has been achieved in the pregnancy care of diabetic women; however, the risk of birth defects associated with maternal diabetes still exists. These anomalies might arise in many organs and systems of the developing fetus. Many mechanisms have been implicated in the teratogenicity of maternal diabetes and it is critical to achieve good glycemic control before conception in women with diabetes. Neonatal clinicians must be able to identify patients at risk and recognize the signs of diabetic embryopathy. This article presents a review of congenital anomalies associated with maternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemiy Kokhanov
- Department of Neonatology, Memorial Care Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach, Long Beach, CA
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3
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D'Souza SW, Copp AJ, Greene NDE, Glazier JD. Maternal Inositol Status and Neural Tube Defects: A Role for the Human Yolk Sac in Embryonic Inositol Delivery? Adv Nutr 2020; 12:212-222. [PMID: 32892218 PMCID: PMC7849949 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with myo-inositol during the periconceptional period of pregnancy may ameliorate the recurrence risk of having a fetus affected by a neural tube defect (NTD; e.g., spina bifida). This could be of particular importance in providing a means for preventing NTDs that are unresponsive to folic acid. This review highlights the characteristics of inositol and describes the role of myo-inositol in the prevention of NTDs in rodent studies and the evidence for its efficacy in reducing NTD risk in human pregnancy. The possible reduction in NTD risk by maternal myo-inositol implies functional and developmentally important maternal-embryonic inositol interrelationships and also suggests that embryonic uptake of myo-inositol is crucial for embryonic development. The establishment of active myo-inositol cellular uptake mechanisms in the embryonic stages of human pregnancy, when the neural tube is closing, is likely to be an important determinant of normal development. We draw attention to the generation of materno-fetal inositol concentration gradients and relationships, and outline a transport pathway by which myo-inositol may be delivered to the early developing human embryo. These considerations provide novel insights into the mechanisms that may underpin inositol's ability to confer embryonic developmental benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W D'Souza
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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4
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van de Putte R, van Rooij IALM, Haanappel CP, Marcelis CLM, Brunner HG, Addor MC, Cavero-Carbonell C, Dias CM, Draper ES, Etxebarriarteun L, Gatt M, Khoshnood B, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, Klungsoyr K, Kurinczuk JJ, Latos-Bielenska A, Luyt K, O'Mahony MT, Miller N, Mullaney C, Nelen V, Neville AJ, Perthus I, Pierini A, Randrianaivo H, Rankin J, Rissmann A, Rouget F, Schaub B, Tucker D, Wellesley D, Wiesel A, Zymak-Zakutnia N, Loane M, Barisic I, de Walle HEK, Bergman JEH, Roeleveld N. Maternal risk factors for the VACTERL association: A EUROCAT case-control study. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:688-698. [PMID: 32319733 PMCID: PMC7319423 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The VACTERL association (VACTERL) is the nonrandom occurrence of at least three of these congenital anomalies: vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb anomalies. Despite suggestions for involvement of several genes and nongenetic risk factors from small studies, the etiology of VACTERL remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify maternal risk factors for VACTERL in offspring in a large European study. METHODS A case-control study was performed using data from 28 EUROCAT registries over the period 1997-2015 with case and control ascertainment through hospital records, birth and death certificates, questionnaires, and/or postmortem examinations. Cases were diagnosed with VACTERL, while controls had a genetic syndrome and/or chromosomal abnormality. Data collected included type of birth defect and maternal characteristics, such as age, use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), and chronic illnesses. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate confounder adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS The study population consisted of 329 VACTERL cases and 49,724 controls with recognized syndromes or chromosomal abnormality. For couples who conceived through ART, we found an increased risk of VACTERL (aOR 2.3 [95% CI 1.3, 3.9]) in offspring. Pregestational diabetes (aOR 3.1 [95% CI 1.1, 8.6]) and chronic lower obstructive pulmonary diseases (aOR 3.9 [95% CI 2.2, 6.7]) also increased the risk of having a child with VACTERL. Twin pregnancies were not associated with VACTERL (aOR 0.6 [95% CI 0.3, 1.4]). CONCLUSION We identified several maternal risk factors for VACTERL in offspring befitting a multifactorial etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy van de Putte
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris A L M van Rooij
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Paediatric Surgery, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia P Haanappel
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Claude Addor
- Department of Woman-Mother-Child, University Medical Center CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara Cavero-Carbonell
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos M Dias
- Epidemiology Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Larraitz Etxebarriarteun
- Department of Health, Public Health Service, Basque Government Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Gatt
- Malta Congenital Anomalies Register, Directorate for Health Information and Research, Pietà, Malta
| | - Babak Khoshnood
- INSERM UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Kari Klungsoyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jenny J Kurinczuk
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Karen Luyt
- South West Congenital Anomaly Register (SWCAR), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mary T O'Mahony
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive - South, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service, Public Health England, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carmel Mullaney
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive - South East, Kilkenny, Ireland
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiene (PIH), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amanda J Neville
- Registro IMER - IMER Registry (Emilia Romagna Registry of Birth Defects), Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Ferrara, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Isabelle Perthus
- Auvergne registry of congenital anomalies (CEMC-Auvergne), Department of clinical genetics, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anna Pierini
- Tuscany Registry of Congenital Defects (RTDC), Institute of Clinical Physiology - National Research Council / Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hanitra Randrianaivo
- Register of congenital malformations of Reunion Island, CHU Réunion, St Pierre, France
| | - Judith Rankin
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Anke Rissmann
- Malformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt, Medical Faculty Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florence Rouget
- Brittany Registry of congenital anomalies, CHU Rennes, University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Bruno Schaub
- French West Indies Registry, Registre des Malformations des Antilles (REMALAN), Maison de la Femme de la Mère et de l'Enfant, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, France
| | - David Tucker
- CARIS, Public Health Wales, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - Diana Wellesley
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Department, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Awi Wiesel
- Department of Pediatrics, Birth Registry Mainz Model, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natalya Zymak-Zakutnia
- OMNI-Net Ukraine Birth Defects Program and Khmelnytsky City Children's Hospital, Khmelnytsky, Ukraine
| | - Maria Loane
- Centre for Maternal, Fetal and lnfant Research, lnstitute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
| | - Ingeborg Barisic
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Medical School University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hermien E K de Walle
- Department of Genetics, EUROCAT Northern Netherlands, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorieke E H Bergman
- Department of Genetics, EUROCAT Northern Netherlands, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nel Roeleveld
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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5
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Higa R, Roberti S, Mazzucco MB, White V, Jawerbaum A. Effect of the antioxidant idebenone on maternal diabetes-induced embryo alterations during early organogenesis. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 37:397-408. [PMID: 29857987 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Can maternal treatments with idebenone, a structural analogue of coenzyme Q10, prevent alterations on markers of proinflammatory-prooxidant processes, on the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and on the apoptotic rate in embryos from mild diabetic rats? DESIGN A mild diabetic rat model was induced by neonatal-streptozotocin administration (90 mg/kg subcutaneously). Female diabetic rats and controls were mated with healthy males. From day 1 of pregnancy, control and diabetic rats were orally treated with idebenone (100 mg/kg daily). On day 10.5 of gestation, the embryos were explanted and prepared for immunohistochemical studies, for the evaluation of gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and for TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)-mediated dUDP nick-end-labelling assay analysis. RESULTS Embryos from mild diabetic rats showed increased levels of nitrated proteins, 4-hydroxynonenal and matrix metalloproteinase 9, which were prevented by idebenone administration. We also found a decreased embryonic expression of cytochrome c oxidase and reduced mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1-α and nuclear respiratory factor-1, both of which were prevented by idebenone administration to the diabetic pregnant rats. Embryos from mild diabetic rats also showed an increased apoptotic rate, which was diminished by idebenone treatment. CONCLUSION Maternal idebenone treatment ameliorates altered parameters related to the prooxidant-proinflammatory environment found in embryos from mild diabetic rats, suggesting a putative treatment to prevent diabetes-induced embryo alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Higa
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sabrina Roberti
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Mazzucco
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica White
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Chen G, Sun W, Liang Y, Chen T, Guo W, Tian W. Maternal diabetes modulates offspring cell proliferation and apoptosis during odontogenesis via the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27981756 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal gestational diabetes leads to an adverse in utero environment and increases the risk of malformations during embryo organogenesis. In the present study, we analysed the effects of maternal diabetes on tooth germ cell proliferation and apoptosis in offspring, and investigated their underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of maternal diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and the pregnant rats were divided into three groups: controls, the diabetic group and diabetic group with insulin treatment. Offspring of the three groups were collected and cell proliferation and apoptosis in tooth germs were analysed. Primary dental papilla cells and dental epithelial stem cells were isolated and treated with high glucose in vitro, in an attempt to simulate maternal diabetes-induced hyperglycaemia in vivo. RESULTS Maternal diabetes significantly affected cell proliferation and apoptosis in offspring tooth germs. The TLR4/NF-ĸB signalling pathway was activated in the tooth germs of offspring of diabetic dams. High glucose treatment activated the TLR4/NF-ĸB signalling pathway in primary dental papilla cells and dental epithelial stem cells in vitro, resulting in suppression of cell proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis. TLR4 knockdown significantly reduced adverse effects induced by high glucose treatment. CONCLUSIONS Maternal gestational diabetes significantly impaired dental epithelial and mesenchymal cell proliferation and apoptosis in offspring, possibly by activation of the TLR4/NF-ĸB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pedodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Prenatal exposure to environmental factors and congenital limb defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:243-273. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Kanzaki H, Shinohara F, Kanako I, Yamaguchi Y, Fukaya S, Miyamoto Y, Wada S, Nakamura Y. Molecular regulatory mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis through cytoprotective enzymes. Redox Biol 2016; 8:186-91. [PMID: 26795736 PMCID: PMC4732015 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, take part in osteoclast differentiation as intra-cellular signaling molecules. The current assumed signaling cascade from RANK to ROS production is RANK, TRAF6, Rac1, and then Nox. The target molecules of ROS in RANKL signaling remain unclear; however, several reports support the theory that NF-κB signaling could be the crucial downstream signaling molecule of RANKL-mediated ROS signaling. Furthermore, ROS exert cytotoxic effects such as peroxidation of lipids and phospholipids and oxidative damage to proteins and DNA. Therefore, cells have several protective mechanisms against oxidative stressors that mainly induce cytoprotective enzymes and ROS scavenging. Three well-known mechanisms regulate cytoprotective enzymes including Nrf2-, FOXO-, and sirtuin-dependent mechanisms. Several reports have indicated a crosslink between FOXO- and sirtuin-dependent regulatory mechanisms. The agonists against the regulatory mechanisms are reported to induce these cytoprotective enzymes successfully. Some of them inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone destruction via attenuation of intracellular ROS signaling. In this review article, we discuss the above topics and summarize the current information available on the relationship between cytoprotective enzymes and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Tohoku University Hospital, Maxillo-Oral Disorders, Japan; Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Shinohara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Oral Microbiology, Japan
| | - Itohiya Kanako
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| | - Yuuki Yamaguchi
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| | - Sari Fukaya
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miyamoto
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
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9
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Rackham O, Paize F, Weindling AM. Cause of Death in Infants of Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Relationship with Glycemic Control. Postgrad Med 2015; 121:26-32. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2009.07.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Kanzaki H, Shinohara F, Kajiya M, Fukaya S, Miyamoto Y, Nakamura Y. Nuclear Nrf2 induction by protein transduction attenuates osteoclastogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:239-48. [PMID: 25224039 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role as intracellular signaling molecules in RANKL stimulation. Previously we demonstrated that induction of cytoprotective enzyme expression by Nrf2-gene transfer successfully ameliorated RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis. In the present study, we hypothesized that Nrf2 activation by inhibiting ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2 by ETGE-peptide would induce Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective enzyme expression, attenuate ROS signaling, and thereby inhibit RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis. ETGE-peptide containing a cell-permeable sequence (seven consecutive arginine; 7R-ETGE) was applied to a mouse macrophage cell-line RAW 264.7 cell or a primary macrophage culture. ETGE-peptide prevents Keap1 from binding to Nrf2. Nrf2 nuclear translocation and Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective enzyme induction was observed. The effects of 7R-ETGE on RANKL-dependent induction of intracellular ROS levels and osteoclastogenesis were examined. Finally, the protective effect of 7R-ETGE on RANKL-mediated bone destruction was investigated in mice. 7R-ETGE dose-dependently induced nuclear Nrf2, followed by the induction of cytoprotective enzyme expression at both the gene and protein level. 7R-ETGE inhibited upregulation of intracellular ROS levels by RANKL stimulation, and osteoclastogenesis was attenuated. Of particular interest was that local injection of 7R-ETGE ameliorated RANKL-mediated bone destruction. Local induction of nuclear Nrf2 by protein transduction is a potential novel therapeutic target for bone destruction diseases such as periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Tohoku University Hospital, Maxillo-Oral Disorders; Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Shinohara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Oral MicrobiologySendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Division of Applied Life Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sari Fukaya
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miyamoto
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
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11
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Streptozotocin-induced diabetes models: pathophysiological mechanisms and fetal outcomes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:819065. [PMID: 24977161 PMCID: PMC4058231 DOI: 10.1155/2014/819065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is controlled by endocrine pancreatic cells, and any pancreatic disturbance can result in diabetes. Because 8% to 12% of diabetic pregnant women present with malformed fetuses, there is great interest in understanding the etiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment of gestational diabetes. Hyperglycemia enhances the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress, which is involved in diabetic teratogenesis. It has also been suggested that maternal diabetes alters embryonic gene expression, which might cause malformations. Due to ethical issues involving human studies that sometimes have invasive aspects and the multiplicity of uncontrolled variables that can alter the uterine environment during clinical studies, it is necessary to use animal models to better understand diabetic pathophysiology. This review aimed to gather information about pathophysiological mechanisms and fetal outcomes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. To understand the pathophysiological mechanisms and factors involved in diabetes, the use of pancreatic regeneration studies is increasing in an attempt to understand the behavior of pancreatic beta cells. In addition, these studies suggest a new preventive concept as a treatment basis for diabetes, introducing therapeutic efforts to minimize or prevent diabetes-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and teratogenesis.
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is responsible for nearly 10% of fetal anomalies in diabetic pregnancies. Although aggressive perinatal care and glycemic control are available in developed countries, the birth defect rate in diabetic pregnancies remains higher than that in the general population. Major cellular activities (ie, proliferation and apoptosis) and intracellular metabolic conditions (ie, nitrosative, oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum stress) have been shown to be associated with diabetic embryopathy using animal models. Translating advances made in animal studies into clinical applications in humans requires collaborative efforts across the basic research, preclinical, and clinical communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Hattangady NG, Rajadhyaksha MS. A brief review of in vitro models of diabetic neuropathy. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2011; 29:143-9. [PMID: 20336195 PMCID: PMC2839127 DOI: 10.4103/0973-3930.57344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropathies of the peripheral, central and autonomic nervous systems are known to be caused by hyperglycemia, a consequence of the deregulation of glucose in diabetes. Several in vivo models such as streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, mice and Chinese hamsters have been used to study the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy because of their resemblance to human pathology. However, these in vivo models have met with strong ethical oppositions. Further, the system complexity has inherent limitations of inconvenience of analyzing ephemeral molecular events and crosstalk of signal transduction pathways. Alternative in vitro models have been selected and put to effective use in diabetic studies. We critically review the use of these in vitro models such as primary cultures of dorsal root ganglia, Schwann cells and neural tissue as well as neural cell lines which have proved to be excellent systems for detailed study. We also assess the use of embryo cultures for the study of hyperglycemic effects on development, especially of the nervous system. These systems function as useful models to scrutinize the molecular events underlying hyperglycemia-induced stress in neuronal systems and have been very effectively used for the same. This comprehensive overview of advantages and disadvantages of in vitro systems that are currently in use will be of interest especially for comparative assessment of results and for appropriate choice of models for experiments in diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita G Hattangady
- Department of Life Sciences, Sophia College, B. Desai Road, Mumbai - 400 026, India
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Bardai GK, Hales BF, Sunahara GI. Developmental toxicity of glyceryl trinitrate in quail embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:230-40. [PMID: 21472843 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is used extensively to treat angina and heart failure, little is known about its effects on the conceptus during organogenesis. The goal of these studies was to investigate the effects of GTN in a model organism, the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryo. METHODS To identify the effects of GTN on quail embryo development, fertilized quail eggs (n = 10-12 eggs/group) were injected with GTN (0, 4.4, 44, or 440 μM) at Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stage 0, 9, or 19 and examined 7 days later. Next, HH 9 embryos were injected with GTN (0, 0.88, 4.4, 8.8, 44, 88, and 440 μM, in 20 μL per egg) and examined 24-hours, 48-hours, or 72-hours postinjection. Finally, the developing eye on one side was exposed to GTN (44 μM) ex ovo and the tissue was probed for the presence of nitrated proteins. RESULTS In ovo GTN exposure induced a dose-dependent increase in the number of malformed viable quail embryos with a maximal effect in HH 9 embryos. Microphthalmia, craniofacial, heart, and neural tube defects were elevated in GTN-exposed embryos. An increase in nitrated proteins was observed in the developing eye region of embryos exposed ex ovo to GTN. CONCLUSIONS GTN treatment induced a variety of malformations in quail embryos. The presence of nitrated proteins suggests that organic nitrates, such as GTN, generate reactive nitrogen species. We hypothesize that GTN perturbations in the redox status of the embryo may underlie its developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalib K Bardai
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Jurczyk A, Roy N, Bajwa R, Gut P, Lipson K, Yang C, Covassin L, Racki WJ, Rossini AA, Phillips N, Stainier DYR, Greiner DL, Brehm MA, Bortell R, diIorio P. Dynamic glucoregulation and mammalian-like responses to metabolic and developmental disruption in zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 170:334-45. [PMID: 20965191 PMCID: PMC3014420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos are emerging as models of glucose metabolism. However, patterns of endogenous glucose levels, and the role of the islet in glucoregulation, are unknown. We measured absolute glucose levels in zebrafish and mouse embryos, and demonstrate similar, dynamic glucose fluctuations in both species. Further, we show that chemical and genetic perturbations elicit mammalian-like glycemic responses in zebrafish embryos. We show that glucose is undetectable in early zebrafish and mouse embryos, but increases in parallel with pancreatic islet formation in both species. In zebrafish, increasing glucose is associated with activation of gluconeogenic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1 (pck1) transcription. Non-hepatic Pck1 protein is expressed in mouse embryos. We show using RNA in situ hybridization, that zebrafish pck1 mRNA is similarly expressed in multiple cell types prior to hepatogenesis. Further, we demonstrate that the Pck1 inhibitor 3-mercaptopicolinic acid suppresses normal glucose accumulation in early zebrafish embryos. This shows that pre- and extra-hepatic pck1 is functional, and provides glucose locally to rapidly developing tissues. To determine if the primary islet is glucoregulatory in early fish embryos, we injected pdx1-specific morpholinos into transgenic embryos expressing GFP in beta cells. Most morphant islets were hypomorphic, not a genetic, but embryos still exhibited persistent hyperglycemia. We conclude from these data that the early zebrafish islet is functional, and regulates endogenous glucose. In summary, we identify mechanisms of glucoregulation in zebrafish embryos that are conserved with embryonic and adult mammals. These observations justify use of this model in mechanistic studies of human metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jurczyk
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Nicole Roy
- Sacred Heart University, Department of Biology, 5151 Park Ave, Fairfield, CT 06825 USA
| | - Rabia Bajwa
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Philipp Gut
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 1550 Fourth St., Room 318A, San Francisco, CA 94158-2324
| | - Kathryn Lipson
- Western New England College, Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Chaoxing Yang
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Laurence Covassin
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Waldemar J. Racki
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Aldo A. Rossini
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Nancy Phillips
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 1550 Fourth St., Room 318A, San Francisco, CA 94158-2324
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Michael A. Brehm
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Rita Bortell
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Philip diIorio
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Corresponding author. Address: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, Worcester, MA 01605, United States. Fax: 508-856-4093. Phone: 508-856-3679
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Kamimoto Y, Sugiyama T, Kihira T, Zhang L, Murabayashi N, Umekawa T, Nagao K, Ma N, Toyoda N, Yodoi J, Sagawa N. Transgenic mice overproducing human thioredoxin-1, an antioxidative and anti-apoptotic protein, prevents diabetic embryopathy. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2046-55. [PMID: 20512310 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Experimental studies have suggested that apoptosis is involved in diabetic embryopathy through oxidative stress. However, the precise mechanism of diabetic embryopathy is not yet clear. Thioredoxin (TRX) is a small, ubiquitous, multifunctional protein, which has recently been shown to protect cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis. Using transgenic mice that overproduce human TRX-1 (TRX-Tg mice), we examined whether oxidative stress is involved in fetal dysmorphogenesis in diabetic pregnancies. METHODS Non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DM) female mice were mated with male TRX-Tg mice. Pregnant mice were killed either at day 10 or day 17 of gestation, and viable fetuses and their placentas were recovered, weighed and assessed for gross and histological morphology, biochemical markers and gene expression. RESULTS In both wild-type (WT) and transgenic (Tg) groups, fetal and placental weights in the diabetic group were significantly decreased compared with the non-diabetic group. The incidence of malformation was higher in the diabetic group, and was significantly decreased in the TRX-Tg group (DM-WT vs DM-Tg; 28.6% vs 10.4%). Oxidative stress markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine were increased in DM-WT group fetuses but were decreased in fetuses from the DM-Tg group. Furthermore, immunohistochemically assayed apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3 production in embryonic neuroepithelial cells was significantly increased in the DM-WT group, and was significantly decreased in the DM-Tg group. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results indicate that oxidative stress is involved in diabetic embryopathy, and that the antioxidative protein TRX at least partially prevents diabetic embryopathy via suppression of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kamimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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Alexander PG, Tuan RS. Role of environmental factors in axial skeletal dysmorphogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 90:118-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lin S, Lin K, Li W, Zhou X, Huang T. Maternal diabetes increases apoptosis in mice oocytes, not 2-cell embryos. Endocrine 2010; 37:460-6. [PMID: 20960169 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis may be closely involved in diabetes-induced embryonic malformations. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of apoptosis at an early stage of development, in oocytes and 2-cell embryos of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and nondiabetic mice. Diabetic mouse ovarian sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed reduced number of growing follicles and delayed oocyte development. Annexin V-positive oocytes were higher in number in diabetic mice than in nondiabetic mice. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis revealed the expression of Bax and caspase-3 significantly higher in diabetic than nondiabetic oocytes. In contrast, 2-cell embryos of diabetic and nondiabetic mice showed no annexin V-positive staining. Bax expression was elevated in diabetic 2-cell embryos, but caspase-3 expression did not significantly differ between diabetic and nondiabetic 2-cell embryos. Electron microscopy revealed increased number of swollen mitochondria in diabetic 2-cell embryos. These results suggested that maternal diabetes might increase oocyte apoptosis by a Bax-caspase-3 pathway to play a role in embryonic malformations by delayed oocyte development. Development of 2-cell embryos might be adversely affected by maternal diabetes, but not through Bax-regulated caspase-3 apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoda Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China.
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19
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Wang Q, Moley KH. Maternal diabetes and oocyte quality. Mitochondrion 2010; 10:403-10. [PMID: 20226883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes has been demonstrated to adversely affect preimplantation embryo development and pregnancy outcomes. Emerging evidence has implicated that these effects are associated with compromised oocyte competence. Several developmental defects during oocyte maturation in diabetic mice have been reported over past decades. Most recently, we further identified the structural, spatial and metabolic dysfunction of mitochondria in oocytes from diabetic mice, suggesting the impaired oocyte quality. These defects in the oocyte may be maternally transmitted to the embryo and then manifested later as developmental abnormalities in preimplantation embryo, congenital malformations, and even metabolic disease in the offspring. In this paper, we briefly review the effects of maternal diabetes on oocyte quality, with a particular emphasis on the mitochondrial dysfunction. The possible connection between dysfunctional oocyte mitochondria and reproductive failure of diabetic females, and the mechanism(s) by which maternal diabetes exerts its effects on the oocyte are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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20
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Cetin I, Berti C, Calabrese S. Role of micronutrients in the periconceptional period. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 16:80-95. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmp025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Xu KP, Li Y, Ljubimov AV, Yu FSX. High glucose suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway and attenuates corneal epithelial wound healing. Diabetes 2009; 58:1077-85. [PMID: 19188434 PMCID: PMC2671049 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with diabetes are at an increased risk for developing corneal complications and delayed wound healing. This study investigated the effects of high glucose on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and on epithelial wound healing in the cornea. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Effects of high glucose on wound healing and on EGFR signaling were investigated in cultured porcine corneas, human corneal epithelial cells, and human corneas using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Effects of high glucose on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione levels and on EGFR pathways were assessed in porcine and primary human corneal epithelial cells, respectively. The effects of EGFR ligands and antioxidants on high glucose-delayed epithelial wound healing were assessed in cultured porcine corneas. RESULTS High glucose impaired ex vivo epithelial wound healing and disturbed cell responses and EGFR signaling to wounding. High glucose suppressed Akt phosphorylation in an ROS-sensitive manner and decreased intracellular glutathione in cultured porcine corneas. Exposure to high glucose for 24 h resulted in an increase in ROS-positive cells in primary human corneal epithelial cells. Whereas heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and antioxidant N-acetylcysteine had beneficial effects on epithelial wound closure, their combination significantly accelerated high glucose-delayed wound healing to a level similar to that seen in control subjects. Finally, Akt signaling pathway was perturbed in the epithelia of human diabetic corneas, but not in the corneas of nondiabetic, age-matched donors. CONCLUSIONS High glucose, likely through ROS, impairs the EGFR-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, resulting in delayed corneal epithelial wound healing. Antioxidants in combination with EGFR ligands may be promising potential therapeutics for diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ping Xu
- Kresge Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Kresge Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alexander V. Ljubimov
- Ophthalmology Research Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fu-Shin X. Yu
- Kresge Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Corresponding author: Fu-Shin X. Yu,
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22
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Nath AK, Krauthammer M, Li P, Davidov E, Butler LC, Copel J, Katajamaa M, Oresic M, Buhimschi I, Buhimschi C, Snyder M, Madri JA. Proteomic-based detection of a protein cluster dysregulated during cardiovascular development identifies biomarkers of congenital heart defects. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4221. [PMID: 19156209 PMCID: PMC2626248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular development is vital for embryonic survival and growth. Early gestation embryo loss or malformation has been linked to yolk sac vasculopathy and congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, the molecular pathways that underlie these structural defects in humans remain largely unknown hindering the development of molecular-based diagnostic tools and novel therapies. Methodology/Principal Findings Murine embryos were exposed to high glucose, a condition known to induce cardiovascular defects in both animal models and humans. We further employed a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to identify proteins differentially expressed in embryos with defects from those with normal cardiovascular development. The proteins detected by mass spectrometry (WNT16, ST14, Pcsk1, Jumonji, Morca2a, TRPC5, and others) were validated by Western blotting and immunoflorescent staining of the yolk sac and heart. The proteins within the proteomic dataset clustered to adhesion/migration, differentiation, transport, and insulin signaling pathways. A functional role for several proteins (WNT16, ADAM15 and NOGO-A/B) was demonstrated in an ex vivo model of heart development. Additionally, a successful application of a cluster of protein biomarkers (WNT16, ST14 and Pcsk1) as a prenatal screen for CHDs was confirmed in a study of human amniotic fluid (AF) samples from women carrying normal fetuses and those with CHDs. Conclusions/Significance The novel finding that WNT16, ST14 and Pcsk1 protein levels increase in fetuses with CHDs suggests that these proteins may play a role in the etiology of human CHDs. The information gained through this bed-side to bench translational approach contributes to a more complete understanding of the protein pathways dysregulated during cardiovascular development and provides novel avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, beneficial to fetuses at risk for CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali K Nath
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
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Alcolea M, Colom B, Amengual-Cladera E, Lladó I, Gianotti M, García-Palmer F. Rat visceral yolk sac (VYS) and placenta mitochondrial features during the placentation period. Mitochondrion 2008; 8:389-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Castori M, Rinaldi R, Capocaccia P, Roggini M, Grammatico P. VACTERL association and maternal diabetes: A possible causal relationship? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 82:169-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Torchinsky A, Toder V. TNFalpha in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced embryopathies: functions and targets. Rev Diabet Stud 2008; 4:200-9. [PMID: 18338073 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2007.4.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is proposed to be an initial step in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced spontaneous abortions and structural inborn anomalies. However, the subsequent steps in this process are incompletely understood. One of the key molecules involved is tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha): its expression is regulated by ROS and it regulates ROS production in turn. This cytokine has been the focus of many studies addressing the mechanisms of different forms of diabetes-induced embryopathies, such as early pregnancy loss, inborn anomalies, fetal growth retardation as well as some pathologies appearing during adult life. In this review, we analyze the results of these studies and discuss how TNFalpha may regulate the response of pre- and post-implantation stage embryos to diabetes-induced detrimental stimuli. The data presented in this review suggest that TNFalpha may play a dual role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced embryopathies. It may act both as a mediator of diabetes-induced embryotoxic stimuli leading to the death of peri-implantation stage embryos and, possibly, as a suppressor of diabetes-induced apoptosis in post-implantation stage embryos. It also appears that TNFalpha fulfills these functions via interaction with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and the transcription factor NF-kappaB. These molecules are presently considered as attractive targets for the treatment of diabetes-induced complications. Therefore, further studies addressing their role in the mechanisms underlying diabetes-induced embryopathies are needed to evaluate the safety of such therapies for diabetic women of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Torchinsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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26
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Yang P, Zhao Z, Reece EA. Activation of oxidative stress signaling that is implicated in apoptosis with a mouse model of diabetic embryopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 198:130.e1-7. [PMID: 18166327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A mouse model of diabetic embryopathy in C57BL/6J background was established to use the resources of genetically engineered mice in which a specific gene is deleted or overexpressed. To test whether our previous fundamental findings in the rat model of diabetic embryopathy are transferable to this mouse model of diabetic embryopathy, levels of phosphorylated-JNK1/2 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 and 2) and apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase 3) were determined. To establish a link between oxidative stress signaling and diabetic embryopathy, levels of phosphorylated-p66Shc (which is a key signaling molecule that mediates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis) were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Diabetes mellitus was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg). Glucose levels were controlled by the subcutaneous implantation of insulin pellets. The female mice were mated with normal male mice. At gestation day 5 or embryonic day 5 (E5), the insulin pellets were removed from a group of animals, which made them hyperglycemic (> 250 mg/dL glucose). The animals with retained insulin pellets served as controls. On embryonic day 11, mice were killed, and embryos were dissected from the uteri for examination. Embryos and yolk sacs from individual conceptus were collected. Levels of phosphorylated-JNK1/2, phosphorylated-p66Shc, and cleaved caspase 3 were determined in the embryos and yolk sacs. RESULTS Malformation rates in embryos from diabetic mice were 3-fold higher than those in embryos from nondiabetic or diabetic/euglycemic control groups. JNK1/2, especially p54 JNK isoform, which is predominantly expressed by jnk2 gene, was activated in malformed embryos and their respective yolk sacs from diabetic mice and was significantly higher than those in normally developed embryos and their respective yolk sacs from nondiabetic and diabetic mice. Correlating to JNK1/2 activation, phosphorylated-p66Shc was also significantly increased in malformed embryos and their respective yolk sacs from diabetic mice than in normally developed embryos and their respective yolk sacs from nondiabetic and diabetic mice. Cleaved caspase 3 was observed in malformed embryos from diabetic mice. CONCLUSION The present study shows that maternal hyperglycemia is able to induce embryonic dysmorphogenesis in C57BL/6J mice that is comparable with that seen in the rat model of diabetic embryopathy. Like the well-studied rat model of diabetic embryopathy, activation of JNK1/2 and p66Shc and the increase of apoptotic markers are manifested in this mouse model of diabetic embryopathy. These findings suggest that the activation of oxidative stress signaling in diabetic embryopathy leads to excessive embryonic cell apoptosis and ultimately embryonic dysmorphogenesis. To apply the powerful genetic approach to the research of diabetic embryopathy, a mouse is a better animal model than a rat because all gene knockout (deletion) and gene transgenic (gene overexpression) animals are made in the mouse. The mouse model of diabetic embryopathy that was established in the present study may serve as a suitable substitute for the rat model of diabetic embryopathy, thus enabling us and other investigators to use genetically engineered technologies in the study of diabetic embryopathy.
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27
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Alcolea MP, Lladó I, García-Palmer FJ, Gianotti M. Responses of mitochondrial biogenesis and function to maternal diabetes in rat embryo during the placentation period. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293:E636-44. [PMID: 17609253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00120.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that have been reported to be altered in diabetes, being closely related to its associated complications. Moreover, mitochondrial biogenesis and function are essential for proper embryo development throughout the placentation period, occurring during organogenesis, when a great rate of congenital malformations have been associated with diabetic pregnancy. Thus, the aim of the current work was to investigate the effect of the diabetic environment on mitochondrial function and biogenesis during the placentation period. For this purpose, we studied the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) enzymatic activities as well as the expression of genes involved in the coordinated regulation of both mitochondrial and nuclear genome (PGC-1alpha, NRF-1, NRF-2alpha, mtSSB, and TFAM) and mitochondrial function (COX-IV, COX-I, and beta-ATPase) in rat embryos from control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mothers. Our results reflected that diabetic pregnancy retarded and altered embryo growth. The embryos from diabetic mothers showing normal morphology presented a reduced content of proteins regulated through the PGC-1alpha mitochondriogenic pathway on gestational day 12. This fact was accompanied by several responses that entailed the activation of OXPHOS activities on the same day and the recovery of the content of the studied proteins to control levels on day 13. As a result, the mitochondria of these embryos would reach a situation close to control on day 13 that could allow them to follow the normal mitochondriogenic schedule throughout a gestational period in which the mitochondrial differentiation process is critical. Nevertheless, malformed embryos from diabetic mothers seemed to show a lower adaptation capability, which could exacerbate their maldevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Alcolea
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Universitat de les Illes Balears i Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (Network Biomedical Research Center) Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Alexander PG, Chau L, Tuan RS. Role of nitric oxide in chick embryonic organogenesis and dysmorphogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 79:581-94. [PMID: 17676596 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO), produced by the nitric oxide synthase family of enzymes, mediates multiple signaling functions, and when unchecked, NO causes pathological damage. Exposure of embryos to a variety of teratogens, including carbon monoxide (CO), has been shown to increase reactive intermediates, such as NO, and recent work showed that either the excess or absence of NO caused morphological defects. While endogenous NO is known to regulate many adult tissues, its role during embryonic organogenesis and/or in mediating responses to teratogen exposure has not been explored. METHODS We have examined here the presence of NO during normal chick embryonic organogenesis, and investigated the teratogenicity of NO through the application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which mimics NO overproduction, and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), which inhibits endogenous NOS activity. RESULTS Topical treatment with SNP or L-NMMA for 18 h resulted in morphological defects, specifically in the neural tube and somites, which corresponded to sites of altered apoptosis. The location of NO was histochemically correlated with the observed morphological defects. Coadministration of SNP or L-NMMA with CO showed functional coregulation and interaction between NO and CO in chick embryonic development. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that regulation of NO is essential for normal axial development, that sites of altered NO expression correlate to those of altered apoptosis and dysmorphogenesis, and that CO coadministration resulted in a rectification of normal NO expression. Collectively, these results suggest that alteration in endogenous NO/CO signaling is responsible, at least in part, for the observed NO-induced teratogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Alexander
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8022, USA
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Alcolea MP, Colom B, Lladó I, García-Palmer FJ, Gianotti M. Mitochondrial differentiation and oxidative phosphorylation system capacity in rat embryo during placentation period. Reproduction 2007; 134:147-54. [PMID: 17641096 DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis and function are essential for proper embryo development; however, these processes have not been further studied during the placentation period, when important oxidative metabolism activation is taking place. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) enzymatic activities as well as the expression of genes involved in the coordinated regulation of both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2, mitochondrial single-strand DNA-binding protein, mitochondrial transcription factor A), and mitochondrial function (cytochromecoxidase subunit IV, cytochromecoxidase subunit I and β-ATP phosphohydrolase) in rat embryo throughout the placentation period (gestational days 11, 12 and 13). Our results reflect that embryo mitochondria were enhancing their OXPHOS potential capacities, pointing out that embryo mitochondria become more differentiated during the placentation period. Besides, the current findings show that the mRNAs of the nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis were downregulated, whereas their protein content together with the mitochondrial DNA expression were upregulated throughout the period studied. These data indicate that the molecular regulation of the mitochondrial differentiation process during placentation involves a post-transcriptional activation of the nuclear-encoded genes that would lead to an increase in both the nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded proteins responsible for the mitochondrial biogenic process. As a result, embryo mitochondria would reach a more differentiated stage with a more efficient oxidative metabolism that would facilitate the important embryo growth during the second half of the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Alcolea
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears i CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Gäreskog M, Cederberg J, Eriksson UJ, Wentzel P. Maternal diabetes in vivo and high glucose concentration in vitro increases apoptosis in rat embryos. Reprod Toxicol 2006; 23:63-74. [PMID: 17034987 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis may be involved in diabetes-induced embryonic dysmorphogenesis. We estimated the occurrence of apoptosis in embryos of a rat model for diabetic pregnancy. We found decreased Bcl-2, increased Bax and cleaved Caspase 3 proteins in embryos from diabetic rats. Moreover, we found increased activation of Caspase 3 in cells from embryos previously exposed to a diabetes-like environment (in vivo, in vitro) compared to cells from control embryos, which was normalized by supplementation of N-acetylcysteine or apoptosis inhibitor. We detected increased propidium iodide uptake in embryonic cells exposed to maternal diabetes, a finding confirmed by vital staining. Additionally, we found increased dysmorphogenesis in embryos exposed to a diabetic environment in vivo and in vitro. Exposure to a diabetic milieu during organogenesis increases apoptosis in embryonic cells and dysmorphogenesis in embryos. Enhanced apoptotic rate may have a role in diabetic embryopathy by inducing disturbed embryonic maturation, increased rates of resorptions and congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Gäreskog
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, PO Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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