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Murray A, Kilbride P, Gibson MI. Trehalose in cryopreservation. Applications, mechanisms and intracellular delivery opportunities. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2980-2995. [PMID: 39309363 PMCID: PMC11411628 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is crucial to fields including immune and stem cell therapies, reproductive technology, blood banking, regenerative medicine and across all biotechnology. During cryopreservation, cryoprotectants are essential to protect cells from the damage caused by exposure to freezing temperatures. The most common penetrating cryoprotectants, such as DMSO and glycerol do not give full recovery and have a cytotoxicity limit on the concentration which can be applied. The non-reducing disaccharide trehalose has been widely explored and used to supplement these, inspired by its use in nature to aid survival at extreme temperatures and/or desiccation. However, trehalose has challenges to its use, particular its low membrane permeability, and how its protective role compares to other sugars. Here we review the application of trehalose and its reported benefit and seek to show where chemical tools can improve its function. In particular, we highlight emerging chemical methods to deliver (as cargo, or via selective permeation) into the intracellular space. This includes encapsulation, cell penetrating peptides or (selective) modification of hydroxyls on trehalose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
- Asymptote, Cytiva Chivers Way Cambridge CB24 9BZ USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
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2
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Antioxidant Defense in the Toughest Animals on the Earth: Its Contribution to the Extreme Resistance of Tardigrades. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8393. [PMID: 39125965 PMCID: PMC11313143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are unique among animals in their resistance to dehydration, mainly due to anhydrobiosis and tun formation. They are also very resistant to high-energy radiation, low and high temperatures, low and high pressure, and various chemical agents, Interestingly, they are resistant to ionizing radiation both in the hydrated and dehydrated states to a similar extent. They are able to survive in the cosmic space. Apparently, many mechanisms contribute to the resistance of tardigrades to harmful factors, including the presence of trehalose (though not common to all tardigrades), heat shock proteins, late embryogenesis-abundant proteins, tardigrade-unique proteins, DNA repair proteins, proteins directly protecting DNA (Dsup and TDR1), and efficient antioxidant system. Antioxidant enzymes and small-molecular-weight antioxidants are an important element in the tardigrade resistance. The levels and activities of many antioxidant proteins is elevated by anhydrobiosis and UV radiation; one explanation for their induction during dehydration is provided by the theory of "preparation for oxidative stress", which occurs during rehydration. Genes coding for some antioxidant proteins are expanded in tardigrades; some genes (especially those coding for catalases) were hypothesized to be of bacterial origin, acquired by horizontal gene transfer. An interesting antioxidant protein found in tardigrades is the new Mn-dependent peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
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3
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Kc S, Nguyen KH, Nicholson V, Walgren A, Trent T, Gollub E, Ramero S, Holehouse AS, Sukenik S, Boothby TC. Disordered proteins interact with the chemical environment to tune their protective function during drying. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582506. [PMID: 38464187 PMCID: PMC10925285 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The conformational ensemble and function of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are sensitive to their solution environment. The inherent malleability of disordered proteins combined with the exposure of their residues accounts for this sensitivity. One context in which IDPs play important roles that is concomitant with massive changes to the intracellular environment is during desiccation (extreme drying). The ability of organisms to survive desiccation has long been linked to the accumulation of high levels of cosolutes such as trehalose or sucrose as well as the enrichment of IDPs, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins or cytoplasmic abundant heat soluble (CAHS) proteins. Despite knowing that IDPs play important roles and are co-enriched alongside endogenous, species-specific cosolutes during desiccation, little is known mechanistically about how IDP-cosolute interactions influence desiccation tolerance. Here, we test the notion that the protective function of desiccation-related IDPs is enhanced through conformational changes induced by endogenous cosolutes. We find that desiccation-related IDPs derived from four different organisms spanning two LEA protein families and the CAHS protein family, synergize best with endogenous cosolutes during drying to promote desiccation protection. Yet the structural parameters of protective IDPs do not correlate with synergy for either CAHS or LEA proteins. We further demonstrate that for CAHS, but not LEA proteins, synergy is related to self-assembly and the formation of a gel. Our results suggest that functional synergy between IDPs and endogenous cosolutes is a convergent desiccation protection strategy seen among different IDP families and organisms, yet, the mechanisms underlying this synergy differ between IDP families.
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4
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Sogame Y, Ogata M, Hakozaki S, Saito Y, Suzuki T, Saito R, Suizu F, Watanabe K. α,β-trehalose, an intracellular substance in resting cyst of colpodid ciliates as a key to environmental tolerances. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 716:149971. [PMID: 38697009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
α,α-trehalose is a well-known sugar that plays a key role in establishing tolerance to environmental stresses in many organisms, except unicellular eukaryotes. However, almost nothing is known about α,β-trehalose, including their synthesis, function, and even presence in living organisms. In this study, we identified α,β-trehalose in the resting cyst, a dormancy cell form characterized by extreme tolerance to environmental stresses, of the ciliated protist Colpoda cucullus, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Gene expression analysis revealed that the expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS), glycosyltransferase (GT), alpha-amylase (AMY), and trehalose transporter 1 (TRET1), were up-regulated in encystment, while the expression of α-glucosidase 2 (AG2) and trehalase (TREH) was up-regulated in excystment. These results suggest that α,β-trehalose is synthesized during encystment process, while and contributes to extreme tolerances to environmental stressors, stored carbohydrates, and energy reserve during resting cyst and/or during excystment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Sogame
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College, Iwaki, 970-8034, Japan.
| | - Makoto Ogata
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Hakozaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College, Iwaki, 970-8034, Japan
| | - Yuta Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College, Iwaki, 970-8034, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Ryota Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College, Iwaki, 970-8034, Japan
| | - Futoshi Suizu
- Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kozo Watanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
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5
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Brom JA, Petrikis RG, Nieukirk GE, Bourque J, Pielak GJ. Protecting Lyophilized Escherichia coli Adenylate Kinase. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3634-3642. [PMID: 38805365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Drying protein-based drugs, usually via lyophilization, can facilitate storage at ambient temperature and improve accessibility but many proteins cannot withstand drying and must be formulated with protective additives called excipients. However, mechanisms of protection are poorly understood, precluding rational formulation design. To better understand dry proteins and their protection, we examine Escherichia coli adenylate kinase (AdK) lyophilized alone and with the additives trehalose, maltose, bovine serum albumin, cytosolic abundant heat soluble protein D, histidine, and arginine. We apply liquid-observed vapor exchange NMR to interrogate the residue-level structure in the presence and absence of additives. We pair these observations with differential scanning calorimetry data of lyophilized samples and AdK activity assays with and without heating. We show that the amino acids do not preserve the native structure as well as sugars or proteins and that after heating the most stable additives protect activity best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Brom
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), 3250 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ruta G Petrikis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), 3250 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Grace E Nieukirk
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), 3250 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Joshua Bourque
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), 3250 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gary J Pielak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), 3250 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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6
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Galas S, Le Goff E, Cazevieille C, Tanaka A, Cuq P, Baghdiguian S, Kunieda T, Godefroy N, Richaud M. A comparative ultrastructure study of the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus in the hydrated state, after desiccation and during the process of rehydration. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302552. [PMID: 38843161 PMCID: PMC11156355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades can survive hostile environments such as desiccation by adopting a state of anhydrobiosis. Numerous tardigrade species have been described thus far, and recent genome and transcriptome analyses revealed that several distinct strategies were employed to cope with harsh environments depending on the evolutionary lineages. Detailed analyses at the cellular and subcellular levels are essential to complete these data. In this work, we analyzed a tardigrade species that can withstand rapid dehydration, Ramazzottius varieornatus. Surprisingly, we noted an absence of the anhydrobiotic-specific extracellular structure previously described for the Hypsibius exemplaris species. Both Ramazzottius varieornatus and Hypsibius exemplaris belong to the same evolutionary class of Eutardigrada. Nevertheless, our observations reveal discrepancies in the anhydrobiotic structures correlated with the variation in the anhydrobiotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Galas
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Le Goff
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Akihiro Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pierre Cuq
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nelly Godefroy
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Richaud
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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7
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Kondo K, Tanaka A, Kunieda T. Single-step generation of homozygous knockout/knock-in individuals in an extremotolerant parthenogenetic tardigrade using DIPA-CRISPR. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011298. [PMID: 38870088 PMCID: PMC11175437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are small aquatic invertebrates known for their remarkable tolerance to diverse extreme stresses. To elucidate the in vivo mechanisms underlying this extraordinary resilience, methods for genetically manipulating tardigrades have long been desired. Despite our prior success in somatic cell gene editing by microinjecting Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into the body cavity of tardigrades, the generation of gene-edited individuals remained elusive. In this study, employing an extremotolerant parthenogenetic tardigrade species, Ramazzottius varieornatus, we established conditions that led to the generation of gene-edited tardigrade individuals. Drawing inspiration from the direct parental CRISPR (DIPA-CRISPR) technique employed in several insects, we simply injected a concentrated Cas9 RNP solution into the body cavity of parental females shortly before their initial oviposition. This approach yielded gene-edited G0 progeny. Notably, only a single allele was predominantly detected at the target locus for each G0 individual, indicative of homozygous mutations. By co-injecting single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) with Cas9 RNPs, we achieved the generation of homozygously knocked-in G0 progeny, and these edited alleles were inherited by G1/G2 progeny. This is the first example of heritable gene editing in the entire phylum of Tardigrada. This establishment of a straightforward method for generating homozygous knockout/knock-in individuals not only facilitates in vivo analyses of the molecular mechanisms underpinning extreme tolerance, but also opens up avenues for exploring various topics, including Evo-Devo, in tardigrades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyuki Kondo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Lim S, Reilly CB, Barghouti Z, Marelli B, Way JC, Silver PA. Tardigrade secretory proteins protect biological structures from desiccation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:633. [PMID: 38796644 PMCID: PMC11127935 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades, microscopic animals that survive a broad range of environmental stresses, express a unique set of proteins termed tardigrade-specific intrinsically disordered proteins (TDPs). TDPs are often expressed at high levels in tardigrades upon desiccation, and appear to mediate stress adaptation. Here, we focus on the proteins belonging to the secreted family of tardigrade proteins termed secretory-abundant heat soluble ("SAHS") proteins, and investigate their ability to protect diverse biological structures. Recombinantly expressed SAHS proteins prevent desiccated liposomes from fusion, and enhance desiccation tolerance of E. coli and Rhizobium tropici upon extracellular application. Molecular dynamics simulation and comparative structural analysis suggest a model by which SAHS proteins may undergo a structural transition upon desiccation, in which removal of water and solutes from a large internal cavity in SAHS proteins destabilizes the beta-sheet structure. These results highlight the potential application of SAHS proteins as stabilizing molecules for preservation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lim
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles B Reilly
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zeina Barghouti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Way
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pamela A Silver
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Sanchez‐Martinez S, Nguyen K, Biswas S, Nicholson V, Romanyuk AV, Ramirez J, Kc S, Akter A, Childs C, Meese EK, Usher ET, Ginell GM, Yu F, Gollub E, Malferrari M, Francia F, Venturoli G, Martin EW, Caporaletti F, Giubertoni G, Woutersen S, Sukenik S, Woolfson DN, Holehouse AS, Boothby TC. Labile assembly of a tardigrade protein induces biostasis. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4941. [PMID: 38501490 PMCID: PMC10949331 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Tardigrades are microscopic animals that survive desiccation by inducing biostasis. To survive drying tardigrades rely on intrinsically disordered CAHS proteins, which also function to prevent perturbations induced by drying in vitro and in heterologous systems. CAHS proteins have been shown to form gels both in vitro and in vivo, which has been speculated to be linked to their protective capacity. However, the sequence features and mechanisms underlying gel formation and the necessity of gelation for protection have not been demonstrated. Here we report a mechanism of fibrillization and gelation for CAHS D similar to that of intermediate filament assembly. We show that in vitro, gelation restricts molecular motion, immobilizing and protecting labile material from the harmful effects of drying. In vivo, we observe that CAHS D forms fibrillar networks during osmotic stress. Fibrillar networking of CAHS D improves survival of osmotically shocked cells. We observe two emergent properties associated with fibrillization; (i) prevention of cell volume change and (ii) reduction of metabolic activity during osmotic shock. We find that there is no significant correlation between maintenance of cell volume and survival, while there is a significant correlation between reduced metabolism and survival. Importantly, CAHS D's fibrillar network formation is reversible and metabolic rates return to control levels after CAHS fibers are resolved. This work provides insights into how tardigrades induce reversible biostasis through the self-assembly of labile CAHS gels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Nguyen
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - S. Biswas
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - V. Nicholson
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - A. V. Romanyuk
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Max Planck‐Bristol Centre for Minimal BiologyUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - J. Ramirez
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - S. Kc
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - A. Akter
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - C. Childs
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - E. K. Meese
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - E. T. Usher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Center for Biomolecular CondensatesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - G. M. Ginell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Center for Biomolecular CondensatesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - F. Yu
- Quantitative Systems Biology ProgramUniversity of California MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
| | - E. Gollub
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
| | - M. Malferrari
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Università di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - F. Francia
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica Molecolare, Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FaBiTUniversità di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - G. Venturoli
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica Molecolare, Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FaBiTUniversità di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (CNISM), c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia (DIFA)Università di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - E. W. Martin
- Department of Structural BiologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - F. Caporaletti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - G. Giubertoni
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - S. Woutersen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - S. Sukenik
- Quantitative Systems Biology ProgramUniversity of California MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
| | - D. N. Woolfson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Max Planck‐Bristol Centre for Minimal BiologyUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- School of BiochemistryUniversity of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences BuildingBristolUK
| | - A. S. Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Center for Biomolecular CondensatesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - T. C. Boothby
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
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10
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Biswas S, Gollub E, Yu F, Ginell G, Holehouse A, Sukenik S, Boothby TC. Helicity of a tardigrade disordered protein contributes to its protective function during desiccation. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4872. [PMID: 38114424 PMCID: PMC10804681 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
To survive extreme drying (anhydrobiosis), many organisms, spanning every kingdom of life, accumulate intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). For decades, the ability of anhydrobiosis-related IDPs to form transient amphipathic helices has been suggested to be important for promoting desiccation tolerance. However, evidence empirically supporting the necessity and/or sufficiency of helicity in mediating anhydrobiosis is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that the linker region of CAHS D, a desiccation-related IDP from the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris, that contains significant helical structure, is the protective portion of this protein. Perturbing the sequence composition and grammar of the linker region of CAHS D, through the insertion of helix-breaking prolines, modulating the identity of charged residues, or replacement of hydrophobic amino acids with serine or glycine residues results in variants with different degrees of helical structure. Importantly, correlation of protective capacity and helical content in variants generated through different helix perturbing modalities does not show as strong a trend, suggesting that while helicity is important, it is not the only property that makes a protein protective during desiccation. These results provide direct evidence for the decades-old theory that helicity of desiccation-related IDPs is linked to their anhydrobiotic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Biswas
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Edith Gollub
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
- Quantitative Systems Biology ProgramUniversity of California MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
- Quantitative Systems Biology ProgramUniversity of California MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
| | - Garrett Ginell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Center for Biomolecular CondensatesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Alex Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Center for Biomolecular CondensatesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Shahar Sukenik
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
- Quantitative Systems Biology ProgramUniversity of California MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas C. Boothby
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
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11
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Moris VC, Bruneau L, Berthe J, Heuskin AC, Penninckx S, Ritter S, Weber U, Durante M, Danchin EGJ, Hespeels B, Doninck KV. Ionizing radiation responses appear incidental to desiccation responses in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga. BMC Biol 2024; 22:11. [PMID: 38273318 PMCID: PMC10809525 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The remarkable resistance to ionizing radiation found in anhydrobiotic organisms, such as some bacteria, tardigrades, and bdelloid rotifers has been hypothesized to be incidental to their desiccation resistance. Both stresses produce reactive oxygen species and cause damage to DNA and other macromolecules. However, this hypothesis has only been investigated in a few species. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic response of the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga to desiccation and to low- (X-rays) and high- (Fe) LET radiation to highlight the molecular and genetic mechanisms triggered by both stresses. We identified numerous genes encoding antioxidants, but also chaperones, that are constitutively highly expressed, which may contribute to the protection of proteins against oxidative stress during desiccation and ionizing radiation. We also detected a transcriptomic response common to desiccation and ionizing radiation with the over-expression of genes mainly involved in DNA repair and protein modifications but also genes with unknown functions that were bdelloid-specific. A distinct transcriptomic response specific to rehydration was also found, with the over-expression of genes mainly encoding Late Embryogenesis Abundant proteins, specific heat shock proteins, and glucose repressive proteins. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the extreme resistance of bdelloid rotifers to radiation might indeed be a consequence of their capacity to resist complete desiccation. This study paves the way to functional genetic experiments on A. vaga targeting promising candidate proteins playing central roles in radiation and desiccation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Moris
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Department of Biology - URBE, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Evolution (MBE), Department of Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Lucie Bruneau
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Department of Biology - URBE, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jérémy Berthe
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Department of Biology - URBE, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Heuskin
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Laboratory of Analysis By Nuclear Reactions (LARN), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Penninckx
- Medical Physics Department, Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles, 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Ritter
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Uli Weber
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Etienne G J Danchin
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Boris Hespeels
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Department of Biology - URBE, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Karine Van Doninck
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Department of Biology - URBE, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Evolution (MBE), Department of Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Smythers AL, Joseph KM, O'Dell HM, Clark TA, Crislip JR, Flinn BB, Daughtridge MH, Stair ER, Mubarek SN, Lewis HC, Salas AA, Hnilica ME, Kolling DRJ, Hicks LM. Chemobiosis reveals tardigrade tun formation is dependent on reversible cysteine oxidation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295062. [PMID: 38232097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades, commonly known as 'waterbears', are eight-legged microscopic invertebrates renowned for their ability to withstand extreme stressors, including high osmotic pressure, freezing temperatures, and complete desiccation. Limb retraction and substantial decreases to their internal water stores results in the tun state, greatly increasing their ability to survive. Emergence from the tun state and/or activity regain follows stress removal, where resumption of life cycle occurs as if stasis never occurred. However, the mechanism(s) through which tardigrades initiate tun formation is yet to be uncovered. Herein, we use chemobiosis to demonstrate that tardigrade tun formation is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We further reveal that tuns are dependent on reversible cysteine oxidation, and that this reversible cysteine oxidation is facilitated by the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We provide the first empirical evidence of chemobiosis and map the initiation and survival of tardigrades via osmobiosis, chemobiosis, and cryobiosis. In vivo electron paramagnetic spectrometry suggests an intracellular release of reactive oxygen species following stress induction; when this release is quenched through the application of exogenous antioxidants, the tardigrades can no longer survive osmotic stress. Together, this work suggests a conserved dependence of reversible cysteine oxidation across distinct tardigrade cryptobioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Smythers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Kara M Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States of America
| | - Hayden M O'Dell
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States of America
| | - Trace A Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States of America
| | - Jessica R Crislip
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States of America
| | - Brendin B Flinn
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States of America
| | - Meredith H Daughtridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Evan R Stair
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Saher N Mubarek
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Hailey C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Abel A Salas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Megan E Hnilica
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Derrick R J Kolling
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States of America
| | - Leslie M Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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13
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Okooboh GO, Haferkamp I, Rühle T, Leister D, Neuhaus HE. Expression of the plastocyanin gene PETE2 in Camelina sativa improves seed yield and salt tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 290:154103. [PMID: 37788546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Plastocyanin functions as an electron carrier in the photosynthetic electron transport chain, located at the thylakoid membrane. In several species, endogenous plastocyanin levels are correlated with the photosynthetic electron transport rate. Overexpression of plastocyanin genes in Arabidopsis thaliana increases plant size, but this phenomenon has not been observed in crop species. Here, we investigated the effects of heterologous expression of a gene encoding a plastocyanin isoform from Arabidopsis, AtPETE2, in the oil seed crop Camelina sativa under standard growth conditions and under salt stress. AtPETE2 heterologous expression enhanced photosynthetic activity in Camelina, accelerating plant development and improving seed yield under standard growth conditions. Additionally, CsPETE2 from Camelina was induced by salt stress and AtPETE2 expression lines had larger primary roots and more lateral roots than the wild type. AtPETE2 expression lines also had larger seeds and higher total seed yield under long-term salt stress compared with non-transgenic Camelina. Our results demonstrate that increased plastocyanin levels in Camelina can enhance photosynthesis and productivity, as well as tolerance to osmotic and salt stresses. Heterologous expression of plastocyanin may be a useful strategy to mitigate crop stress in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria O Okooboh
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thilo Rühle
- Department of Biology I, Molecular Plant Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, D-82152, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Department of Biology I, Molecular Plant Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, D-82152, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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14
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Kafetzis KN, Papalamprou N, McNulty E, Thong KX, Sato Y, Mironov A, Purohit A, Welsby PJ, Harashima H, Yu‐Wai‐Man C, Tagalakis AD. The Effect of Cryoprotectants and Storage Conditions on the Transfection Efficiency, Stability, and Safety of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for mRNA and DNA Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203022. [PMID: 36906918 PMCID: PMC11468535 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles have recently shown great promise, establishing themselves as the gold standard in delivering novel RNA therapeutics. However, research on the effects of storage on their efficacy, safety, and stability is still lacking. Herein, the impact of storage temperature on two types of lipid-based nanocarriers, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and receptor-targeted nanoparticles (RTNs), loaded with either DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA), is explored and the effects of different cryoprotectants on the stability and efficacy of the formulations are investigated. The medium-term stability of the nanoparticles was evaluated by monitoring their physicochemical characteristics, entrapment and transfection efficiency, every two weeks over one month. It is demonstrated, that the use of cryoprotectants protects nanoparticles against loss of function and degradation in all storage conditions. Moreover, it is shown that the addition of sucrose enables all nanoparticles to remain stable and maintain their efficacy for up to a month when stored at -80 °C, regardless of cargo or type of nanoparticle. DNA-loaded nanoparticles also remain stable in a wider variety of storage conditions than mRNA-loaded ones. Importantly, these novel LNPs show increased GFP expression that can signify their future use in gene therapies, beyond the established role of LNPs in RNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisha McNulty
- Department of BiologyEdge Hill UniversityOrmskirkL39 4QPUK
| | - Kai X. Thong
- Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonSE1 7EHUK
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido UniversityKita‐12, Nishi‐6, Kita‐kuSapporo060–0812Japan
| | - Aleksandr Mironov
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility (RRID: SCR_021147)Faculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Atul Purohit
- Oncology Drug Discovery & Women's Health GroupDepartment of MetabolismDigestion & ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonW12 0HSUK
| | | | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido UniversityKita‐12, Nishi‐6, Kita‐kuSapporo060–0812Japan
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15
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Sanchez-Martinez S, Ramirez JF, Meese EK, Childs CA, Boothby TC. The tardigrade protein CAHS D interacts with, but does not retain, water in hydrated and desiccated systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10449. [PMID: 37369754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are a group of microscopic animals renowned for their ability to survive near complete desiccation. A family of proteins, unique to tardigrades, called Cytoplasmic Abundant Heat Soluble (CAHS) proteins are necessary to mediate robust desiccation tolerance in these animals. However, the mechanism(s) by which CAHS proteins help to protect tardigrades during water-loss have not been fully elucidated. Here we use thermogravimetric analysis to empirically test the proposed hypothesis that tardigrade CAHS proteins, due to their propensity to form hydrogels, help to retain water during desiccation. We find that regardless of its gelled state, both in vitro and in vivo, a model CAHS protein (CAHS D) retains no more water than common proteins and control cells in the dry state. However, we find that while CAHS D proteins do not increase the total amount of water retained in a dry system, they interact with the small amount of water that does remain. Our study indicates that desiccation tolerance mediated by CAHS D cannot be simply ascribed to water retention and instead implicates its ability to interact more tightly with residual water as a possible mechanism underlying its protective capacity. These results advance our fundamental understanding of tardigrade desiccation tolerance which could provide potential avenues for new technologies to aid in the storage of dry shelf-stable pharmaceuticals and the generation of stress tolerant crops to ensure food security in the face of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John F Ramirez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Emma K Meese
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Charles A Childs
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Thomas C Boothby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
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16
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Brom J, Petrikis RG, Pielak GJ. How Sugars Protect Dry Protein Structure. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1044-1052. [PMID: 36802580 PMCID: PMC10126877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Extremotolerant organisms and industry exploit sugars as desiccation protectants, with trehalose being widely used by both. How sugars, in general, and the hydrolytically stable sugar trehalose, in particular, protect proteins is poorly understood, which hinders the rational design of new excipients and implementation of novel formulations for preserving lifesaving protein drugs and industrial enzymes. We employed liquid-observed vapor exchange nuclear magnetic resonance (LOVE NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) to show how trehalose and other sugars protect two model proteins: the B1 domain of streptococcal protein G (GB1) and truncated barley chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI2). Residues with intramolecular H-bonds are most protected. The LOVE NMR and DSC data indicate that vitrification may be protective. Combining LOVE NMR and TGA data shows that water retention is not important. Our data suggest that sugars protect protein structure as they dry by strengthening intraprotein H-bonds and water replacement and that trehalose is the stress-tolerance sugar of choice because of its covalent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia
A. Brom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ruta G. Petrikis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gary J. Pielak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger
Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Integrative
Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7100, United States
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17
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Gholami D, Sharafi M, Esmaeili V, Nadri T, Alaei L, Riazi G, Shahverdi A. Beneficial effects of trehalose and gentiobiose on human sperm cryopreservation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0271210. [PMID: 37053285 PMCID: PMC10101468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The protection of human sperm during cryopreservation is of great importance to infertility. Recent studies have shown that this area is still a long way from its ultimate aim of maintaining the maximum viability of sperm in cryopreservation. The present study used trehalose and gentiobiose to prepare the human sperm freezing medium during the freezing-thawing. The freezing medium of sperm was prepared with these sugars, and the sperm were then cryopreserved. The viable cells, sperm motility parameters, sperm morphology, membrane integrity, apoptosis, acrosome integrity, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen radicals, and malondialdehyde concentration was evaluated using standard protocols. A higher percentage of the total and progressive motility, rate of viable sperm, cell membrane integrity, DNA and acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in the two frozen treatment groups compared to the frozen control. The cells had less abnormal morphology due to treatment with the new freezing medium than the frozen control. The higher malondialdehyde and DNA fragmentation were significantly observed in the two frozen treatment groups than in the frozen control. According to the results of this study, the use of trehalose and gentiobiose in the sperm freezing medium is a suitable strategy for sperm freezing to improve its motion and cellular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Gholami
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Esmaeili
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - Touba Nadri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Loghman Alaei
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Nguyen K, Kc S, Gonzalez T, Tapia H, Boothby TC. Trehalose and tardigrade CAHS proteins work synergistically to promote desiccation tolerance. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1046. [PMID: 36182981 PMCID: PMC9526748 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are microscopic animals renowned for their ability to survive extreme desiccation. Unlike many desiccation-tolerant organisms that accumulate high levels of the disaccharide trehalose to protect themselves during drying, tardigrades accumulate little or undetectable levels. Using comparative metabolomics, we find that despite being enriched at low levels, trehalose is a key biomarker distinguishing hydration states of tardigrades. In vitro, naturally occurring stoichiometries of trehalose and CAHS proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins with known protective capabilities, were found to produce synergistic protective effects during desiccation. In vivo, this synergistic interaction is required for robust CAHS-mediated protection. This demonstrates that trehalose acts not only as a protectant, but also as a synergistic cosolute. Beyond desiccation tolerance, our study provides insights into how the solution environment tunes intrinsically disordered proteins’ functions, many of which are vital in biological contexts such as development and disease that are concomitant with large changes in intracellular chemistry. The disaccharide trehalose is a synergistic cosolute and key biomarker of desiccation tolerance in tardigrades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Nguyen
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Shraddha Kc
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Tyler Gonzalez
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Hugo Tapia
- California State University-Channel Islands, Biology Program, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Boothby
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, Laramie, WY, USA.
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19
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Tanaka A, Nakano T, Watanabe K, Masuda K, Honda G, Kamata S, Yasui R, Kozuka-Hata H, Watanabe C, Chinen T, Kitagawa D, Sawai S, Oyama M, Yanagisawa M, Kunieda T. Stress-dependent cell stiffening by tardigrade tolerance proteins that reversibly form a filamentous network and gel. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001780. [PMID: 36067153 PMCID: PMC9592077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are able to tolerate almost complete dehydration by entering a reversible ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis and resume their animation upon rehydration. Dehydrated tardigrades are exceptionally stable and withstand various physical extremes. Although trehalose and late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins have been extensively studied as potent protectants against dehydration in other anhydrobiotic organisms, tardigrades produce high amounts of tardigrade-unique protective proteins. Cytoplasmic-abundant heat-soluble (CAHS) proteins are uniquely invented in the lineage of eutardigrades, a major class of the phylum Tardigrada and are essential for their anhydrobiotic survival. However, the precise mechanisms of their action in this protective role are not fully understood. In the present study, we first postulated the presence of tolerance proteins that form protective condensates via phase separation in a stress-dependent manner and searched for tardigrade proteins that reversibly form condensates upon dehydration-like stress. Through a comprehensive search using a desolvating agent, trifluoroethanol (TFE), we identified 336 proteins, collectively dubbed "TFE-Dependent ReversiblY condensing Proteins (T-DRYPs)." Unexpectedly, we rediscovered CAHS proteins as highly enriched in T-DRYPs, 3 of which were major components of T-DRYPs. We revealed that these CAHS proteins reversibly polymerize into many cytoskeleton-like filaments depending on hyperosmotic stress in cultured cells and undergo reversible gel-transition in vitro. Furthermore, CAHS proteins increased cell stiffness in a hyperosmotic stress-dependent manner and counteract the cell shrinkage caused by osmotic pressure, and even improved the survival against hyperosmotic stress. The conserved putative helical C-terminal region is necessary and sufficient for filament formation by CAHS proteins, and mutations disrupting the secondary structure of this region impaired both the filament formation and the gel transition. On the basis of these results, we propose that CAHS proteins are novel cytoskeleton-like proteins that form filamentous networks and undergo gel-transition in a stress-dependent manner to provide on-demand physical stabilization of cell integrity against deformative forces during dehydration and could contribute to the exceptional physical stability in a dehydrated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The
University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The
University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The
University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Masuda
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Honda
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kamata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The
University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reitaro Yasui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The
University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kozuka-Hata
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The
University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiho Watanabe
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Chinen
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiju Kitagawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sawai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The
University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Oyama
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The
University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Yanagisawa
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The
University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Yoshida Y, Tanaka S. Deciphering the Biological Enigma-Genomic Evolution Underlying Anhydrobiosis in the Phylum Tardigrada and the Chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki. INSECTS 2022; 13:557. [PMID: 35735894 PMCID: PMC9224920 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anhydrobiosis, an ametabolic dehydrated state triggered by water loss, is observed in several invertebrate lineages. Anhydrobiotes revive when rehydrated, and seem not to suffer the ultimately lethal cell damage that results from severe loss of water in other organisms. Here, we review the biochemical and genomic evidence that has revealed the protectant molecules, repair systems, and maintenance pathways associated with anhydrobiosis. We then introduce two lineages in which anhydrobiosis has evolved independently: Tardigrada, where anhydrobiosis characterizes many species within the phylum, and the genus Polypedilum, where anhydrobiosis occurs in only two species. Finally, we discuss the complexity of the evolution of anhydrobiosis within invertebrates based on current knowledge, and propose perspectives to enhance the understanding of anhydrobiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshida
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Sae Tanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 341-1 Mizukami, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan
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21
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Yoshida Y, Satoh T, Ota C, Tanaka S, Horikawa DD, Tomita M, Kato K, Arakawa K. Time-series transcriptomic screening of factors contributing to the cross-tolerance to UV radiation and anhydrobiosis in tardigrades. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:405. [PMID: 35643424 PMCID: PMC9145152 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tardigrades are microscopic animals that are capable of tolerating extreme environments by entering a desiccated state of suspended animation known as anhydrobiosis. While antioxidative stress proteins, antiapoptotic pathways and tardigrade-specific intrinsically disordered proteins have been implicated in the anhydrobiotic machinery, conservation of these mechanisms is not universal within the phylum Tardigrada, suggesting the existence of overlooked components. RESULTS Here, we show that a novel Mn-dependent peroxidase is an important factor in tardigrade anhydrobiosis. Through time-series transcriptome analysis of Ramazzottius varieornatus specimens exposed to ultraviolet light and comparison with anhydrobiosis entry, we first identified several novel gene families without similarity to existing sequences that are induced rapidly after stress exposure. Among these, a single gene family with multiple orthologs that is highly conserved within the phylum Tardigrada and enhances oxidative stress tolerance when expressed in human cells was identified. Crystallographic study of this protein suggested Zn or Mn binding at the active site, and we further confirmed that this protein has Mn-dependent peroxidase activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated novel mechanisms for coping with oxidative stress that may be a fundamental mechanism of anhydrobiosis in tardigrades. Furthermore, localization of these sets of proteins mainly in the Golgi apparatus suggests an indispensable role of the Golgi stress response in desiccation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshida
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Nihonkoku, 403-1, Daihouji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0017, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Tadashi Satoh
- Faculty and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chise Ota
- Faculty and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Sae Tanaka
- Exploratory Research Center On Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institute of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Daiki D Horikawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Nihonkoku, 403-1, Daihouji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0017, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Nihonkoku, 403-1, Daihouji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0017, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Faculty and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center On Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institute of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Arakawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Nihonkoku, 403-1, Daihouji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0017, Japan.
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan.
- Exploratory Research Center On Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institute of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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22
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Murray A, Congdon TR, Tomás RMF, Kilbride P, Gibson MI. Red Blood Cell Cryopreservation with Minimal Post-Thaw Lysis Enabled by a Synergistic Combination of a Cryoprotecting Polyampholyte with DMSO/Trehalose. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:467-477. [PMID: 34097399 PMCID: PMC7612374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
From trauma wards to chemotherapy, red blood cells are essential in modern medicine. Current methods to bank red blood cells typically use glycerol (40 wt %) as a cryoprotective agent. Although highly effective, the deglycerolization process, post-thaw, is time-consuming and results in some loss of red blood cells during the washing procedures. Here, we demonstrate that a polyampholyte, a macromolecular cryoprotectant, synergistically enhances ovine red blood cell cryopreservation in a mixed cryoprotectant system. Screening of DMSO and trehalose mixtures identified optimized conditions, where cytotoxicity was minimized but cryoprotective benefit maximized. Supplementation with polyampholyte allowed 97% post-thaw recovery (3% hemolysis), even under extremely challenging slow-freezing and -thawing conditions. Post-thaw washing of the cryoprotectants was tolerated by the cells, which is crucial for any application, and the optimized mixture could be applied directly to cells, causing no hemolysis after 1 h of exposure. The procedure was also scaled to use blood bags, showing utility on a scale relevant for application. Flow cytometry and adenosine triphosphate assays confirmed the integrity of the blood cells post-thaw. Microscopy confirmed intact red blood cells were recovered but with some shrinkage, suggesting that optimization of post-thaw washing could further improve this method. These results show that macromolecular cryoprotectants can provide synergistic benefit, alongside small molecule cryoprotectants, for the storage of essential cell types, as well as potential practical benefits in terms of processing/handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Murray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Thomas R. Congdon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Ruben M. F. Tomás
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Peter Kilbride
- Asymptote, Cytiva, Chivers Way, Cambridge CB24 9BZ, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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23
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Santos JL, Ebert D. Trehalose provisioning in Daphnia resting stages reflects local adaptation to the harshness of diapause conditions. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20210615. [PMID: 35135311 PMCID: PMC8826299 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental fluctuations often select for adaptations such as diapause states, allowing species to outlive harsh conditions. The natural sugar trehalose which provides both cryo- and desiccation-protection, has been found in diapause stages of diverse taxa. Here, we hypothesize that trehalose deposition in resting stages is a locally adapted trait, with higher concentrations produced in harsher habitats. We used resting stages, produced under standardized conditions, by 37 genotypes of Daphnia magna collected from Western Palaearctic habitats varying in their propensity to dry in summer and freeze in winter. Resting eggs produced by D. magna from populations from summer-dry habitats showed significantly higher trehalose than those from summer-wet habitats, suggesting that trehalose has a protective function during desiccation. By contrast, winter-freezing did not explain variation in trehalose content. Adaptations to droughts are important, as summer dryness of water bodies is foreseen to increase with ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana L. Santos
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Malki A, Teulon J, Camacho‐Zarco AR, Chen SW, Adamski W, Maurin D, Salvi N, Pellequer J, Blackledge M. Intrinsically Disordered Tardigrade Proteins Self‐Assemble into Fibrous Gels in Response to Environmental Stress. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Malki
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS, CEA Institut de Biologie Structurale Grenoble France
| | - Jean‐Marie Teulon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS, CEA Institut de Biologie Structurale Grenoble France
| | | | - Shu‐wen W. Chen
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Department of Biochemical Science and Technology National (Taiwan) University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Wiktor Adamski
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS, CEA Institut de Biologie Structurale Grenoble France
| | - Damien Maurin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS, CEA Institut de Biologie Structurale Grenoble France
| | - Nicola Salvi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS, CEA Institut de Biologie Structurale Grenoble France
| | - Jean‐Luc Pellequer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS, CEA Institut de Biologie Structurale Grenoble France
| | - Martin Blackledge
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS, CEA Institut de Biologie Structurale Grenoble France
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25
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Malki A, Teulon J, Camacho‐Zarco AR, Chen SW, Adamski W, Maurin D, Salvi N, Pellequer J, Blackledge M. Intrinsically Disordered Tardigrade Proteins Self-Assemble into Fibrous Gels in Response to Environmental Stress. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202109961. [PMID: 34750927 PMCID: PMC9299615 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tardigrades are remarkable for their ability to survive harsh stress conditions as diverse as extreme temperature and desiccation. The molecular mechanisms that confer this unusual resistance to physical stress remain unknown. Recently, tardigrade-unique intrinsically disordered proteins have been shown to play an essential role in tardigrade anhydrobiosis. Here, we characterize the conformational and physical behaviour of CAHS-8 from Hypsibius exemplaris. NMR spectroscopy reveals that the protein comprises an extended central helical domain flanked by disordered termini. Upon concentration, the protein is shown to successively form oligomers, long fibres, and finally gels constituted of fibres in a strongly temperature-dependent manner. The helical domain forms the core of the fibrillar structure, with the disordered termini remaining highly dynamic within the gel. Soluble proteins can be encapsulated within cavities in the gel, maintaining their functional form. The ability to reversibly form fibrous gels may be associated with the enhanced protective properties of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Malki
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
| | - Jean‐Marie Teulon
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Shu‐wen W. Chen
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Biochemical Science and TechnologyNational (Taiwan) UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Wiktor Adamski
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
| | - Damien Maurin
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
| | - Nicola Salvi
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
| | - Jean‐Luc Pellequer
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
| | - Martin Blackledge
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
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26
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Lantin S, Mendell S, Akkad G, Cohen AN, Apicella X, McCoy E, Beltran-Pardo E, Waltemathe M, Srinivasan P, Joshi PM, Rothman JH, Lubin P. Interstellar space biology via Project Starlight. ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 2022; 190:261-272. [PMID: 36710946 PMCID: PMC9881496 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to explore the cosmos by direct contact has been limited to a small number of lunar and interplanetary missions. However, the NASA Starlight program points a path forward to send small, relativistic spacecraft far outside our solar system via standoff directed-energy propulsion. These miniaturized spacecraft are capable of robotic exploration but can also transport seeds and organisms, marking a profound change in our ability to both characterize and expand the reach of known life. Here we explore the biological and technological challenges of interstellar space biology, focusing on radiation-tolerant microorganisms capable of cryptobiosis. Additionally, we discuss planetary protection concerns and other ethical considerations of sending life to the stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Lantin
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, FL, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Mendell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
- College of Creative Studies, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Ghassan Akkad
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Alexander N. Cohen
- Department of Physics, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Xander Apicella
- Department of Physics, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Emma McCoy
- Department of Physics, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Prasanna Srinivasan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
- Center for BioEngineering, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Pradeep M. Joshi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Joel H. Rothman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Philip Lubin
- Department of Physics, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
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27
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Marton HL, Styles KM, Kilbride P, Sagona AP, Gibson MI. Polymer-Mediated Cryopreservation of Bacteriophages. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5281-5289. [PMID: 34846863 PMCID: PMC8672357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages, bacteria-specific viruses) have biotechnological and therapeutic potential. To apply phages as pure or heterogeneous mixtures, it is essential to have a robust mechanism for transport and storage, with different phages having very different stability profiles across storage conditions. For many biologics, cryopreservation is employed for long-term storage and cryoprotectants are essential to mitigate cold-induced damage. Here, we report that poly(ethylene glycol) can be used to protect phages from cold damage, functioning at just 10 mg·mL-1 (∼1 wt %) and outperforms glycerol in many cases, which is a currently used cryoprotectant. Protection is afforded at both -20 and -80 °C, the two most common temperatures for frozen storage in laboratory settings. Crucially, the concentration of the polymer required leads to frozen solutions at -20 °C, unlike 50% glycerol (which results in liquid solutions). Post-thaw recoveries close to 100% plaque-forming units were achieved even after 2 weeks of storage with this method and kill assays against their bacterial host confirmed the lytic function of the phages. Initial experiments with other hydrophilic polymers also showed cryoprotection, but at this stage, the exact mechanism of this protection cannot be concluded but does show that water-soluble polymers offer an alternative tool for phage storage. Ice recrystallization inhibiting polymers (poly(vinyl alcohol)) were found to provide no additional protection, in contrast to their ability to protect proteins and microorganisms which are damaged by recrystallization. PEG's low cost, solubility, well-established low toxicity/immunogenicity, and that it is fit for human consumption at the concentrations used make it ideal to help translate new approaches for phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huba L. Marton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Kathryn M. Styles
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Peter Kilbride
- Asymptote,
Cytiva, Chivers Way, Cambridge CB24 9BZ, U.K.
| | - Antonia P. Sagona
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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28
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Murai Y, Yagi-Utsumi M, Fujiwara M, Tanaka S, Tomita M, Kato K, Arakawa K. Multiomics study of a heterotardigrade, Echinisicus testudo, suggests the possibility of convergent evolution of abundant heat-soluble proteins in Tardigrada. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:813. [PMID: 34763673 PMCID: PMC8582207 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many limno-terrestrial tardigrades can enter an ametabolic state, known as anhydrobiosis, upon desiccation, in which the animals can withstand extreme environments. Through genomics studies, molecular components of anhydrobiosis are beginning to be elucidated, such as the expansion of oxidative stress response genes, loss of stress signaling pathways, and gain of tardigrade-specific heat-soluble protein families designated CAHS and SAHS. However, to date, studies have predominantly investigated the class Eutardigrada, and molecular mechanisms in the remaining class, Heterotardigrada, still remains elusive. To address this gap in the research, we report a multiomics study of the heterotardigrade Echiniscus testudo, one of the most desiccation-tolerant species which is not yet culturable in laboratory conditions. Results In order to elucidate the molecular basis of anhydrobiosis in E. testudo, we employed a multi-omics strategy encompassing genome sequencing, differential transcriptomics, and proteomics. Using ultra-low input library sequencing protocol from a single specimen, we sequenced and assembled the 153.7 Mbp genome annotated using RNA-Seq data. None of the previously identified tardigrade-specific abundant heat-soluble genes was conserved, while the loss and expansion of existing pathways were partly shared. Furthermore, we identified two families novel abundant heat-soluble proteins, which we named E. testudo Abundant Heat Soluble (EtAHS), that are predicted to contain large stretches of disordered regions. Likewise the AHS families in eutardigrada, EtAHS shows structural changes from random coil to alphahelix as the water content was decreased in vitro. These characteristics of EtAHS proteins are analogous to those of CAHS in eutardigrades, while there is no conservation at the sequence level. Conclusions Our results suggest that Heterotardigrada have partly shared but distinct anhydrobiosis machinery compared with Eutardigrada, possibly due to convergent evolution within Tardigrada. (276/350). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08131-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Murai
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maho Yagi-Utsumi
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujiwara
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sae Tanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.,Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Arakawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan. .,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. .,Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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29
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Wang Y, Milewska M, Foster H, Chapman R, Stenzel MH. The Core-Shell Structure, Not Sugar, Drives the Thermal Stabilization of Single-Enzyme Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4569-4581. [PMID: 34617439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is widely assumed to be the most effective sugar for protein stabilization, but exactly how unique the structure is and the mechanism by which it works are still debated. Herein, we use a polyion complex micelle approach to control the position of trehalose relative to the surface of glucose oxidase within cross-linked and non-cross-linked single-enzyme nanoparticles (SENs). The distribution and density of trehalose molecules in the shell can be tuned by changing the structure of the underlying polymer, poly(N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] acrylamide (PDMAPA). SENs in which the trehalose is replaced with sucrose and acrylamide are prepared as well for comparison. Isothermal titration calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, and asymmetric flow field-flow fraction in combination with multiangle light scattering reveal that two to six polymers bind to the enzyme. Binding either trehalose or sucrose close to the enzyme surface has very little effect on the thermal stability of the enzyme. By contrast, encapsulation of the enzyme within a cross-linked polymer shell significantly enhances its thermal stability and increases the unfolding temperature from 70.3 °C to 84.8 °C. Further improvements (up to 92.8 °C) can be seen when trehalose is built into this shell. Our data indicate that the structural confinement of the enzyme is a far more important driver in its thermal stability than the location of any sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice 44 100, Poland
| | - Henry Foster
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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30
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Yagi-Utsumi M, Aoki K, Watanabe H, Song C, Nishimura S, Satoh T, Yanaka S, Ganser C, Tanaka S, Schnapka V, Goh EW, Furutani Y, Murata K, Uchihashi T, Arakawa K, Kato K. Desiccation-induced fibrous condensation of CAHS protein from an anhydrobiotic tardigrade. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21328. [PMID: 34737320 PMCID: PMC8569203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anhydrobiosis, one of the most extensively studied forms of cryptobiosis, is induced in certain organisms as a response to desiccation. Anhydrobiotic species has been hypothesized to produce substances that can protect their biological components and/or cell membranes without water. In extremotolerant tardigrades, highly hydrophilic and heat-soluble protein families, cytosolic abundant heat-soluble (CAHS) proteins, have been identified, which are postulated to be integral parts of the tardigrades' response to desiccation. In this study, to elucidate these protein functions, we performed in vitro and in vivo characterizations of the reversible self-assembling property of CAHS1 protein, a major isoform of CAHS proteins from Ramazzottius varieornatus, using a series of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. We found that CAHS1 proteins homo-oligomerized via the C-terminal α-helical region and formed a hydrogel as their concentration increased. We also demonstrated that the overexpressed CAHS1 proteins formed condensates under desiccation-mimicking conditions. These data strongly suggested that, upon drying, the CAHS1 proteins form oligomers and eventually underwent sol-gel transition in tardigrade cytosols. Thus, it is proposed that the CAHS1 proteins form the cytosolic fibrous condensates, which presumably have variable mechanisms for the desiccation tolerance of tardigrades. These findings provide insights into molecular strategies of organisms to adapt to extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Yagi-Utsumi
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 465-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiroki Watanabe
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Chihong Song
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Seiji Nishimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 465-8603, Japan
| | - Tadashi Satoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 465-8603, Japan
| | - Saeko Yanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 465-8603, Japan
| | - Christian Ganser
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Sae Tanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0017, Japan
| | - Vincent Schnapka
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Ean Wai Goh
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yuji Furutani
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Arakawa
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0017, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 465-8603, Japan.
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Tardigrada: An Emerging Animal Model to Study the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response to Environmental Extremes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34050872 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Tardigrada (also known as "water bears") are hydrophilous microinvertebrates with a bilaterally symmetrical body and four pairs of legs usually terminating with claws. Water bears are quite complex animals and range from 50 to 1200 μm in length. Their body is divided into a head segment and four trunk segments, each bearing a pair of legs. They inhabit almost all terrestrial and aquatic environments, from the ocean depths to highest mountains ranges. However, one of their best known and unusual features is their capability for cryptobiosis. In this state tardigrades are able to survive extremely low and high temperatures and atmospheric pressures, complete lack of water, high doses of radiation, high concentrations of toxins and even a cosmic vacuum. The cellular mechanisms enabling cryptobiosis are poorly understood, although it appears the synthesis of certain types of molecules (sugars and proteins) enable the prevention of cellular damage at different levels. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a morphologically and functionally diverse organelle able to integrate multiple extracellular and internal signals and generate adaptive cellular responses. However, the ER morphology and activity in the case of tardigrades has been studied rarely and in the context of oogenesis, functioning of the digestive system, and in the role and function of storage cells. Thus, there are no direct studies on the contribution of the ER in the ability of this organism to cope with environmental stress during cryptobiosis. Nevertheless, it is highly probable that the ER has a crucial role in this uncommon process. Since water bears are easy to handle laboratory animals, they may represent an ideal model organism to uncover the important role of the ER in the cell response to extreme environmental stress conditions.
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32
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Chattopadhyay M, Krok E, Orlikowska H, Schwille P, Franquelim HG, Piatkowski L. Hydration Layer of Only a Few Molecules Controls Lipid Mobility in Biomimetic Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14551-14562. [PMID: 34342967 PMCID: PMC8447254 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Self-assembly of
biomembranes results from the intricate interactions
between water and the lipids’ hydrophilic head groups. Therefore,
the lipid–water interplay strongly contributes to modulating
membrane architecture, lipid diffusion, and chemical activity. Here,
we introduce a new method of obtaining dehydrated, phase-separated,
supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) solely by controlling the decrease
of their environment’s relative humidity. This facilitates
the study of the structure and dynamics of SLBs over a wide range
of hydration states. We show that the lipid domain structure of phase-separated
SLBs is largely insensitive to the presence of the hydration layer.
In stark contrast, lipid mobility is drastically affected by dehydration,
showing a 6-fold decrease in lateral diffusion. At the same time,
the diffusion activation energy increases approximately 2-fold for
the dehydrated membrane. The obtained results, correlated with the
hydration structure of a lipid molecule, revealed that about six to
seven water molecules directly hydrating the phosphocholine moiety
play a pivotal role in modulating lipid diffusion. These findings
could provide deeper insights into the fundamental reactions where
local dehydration occurs, for instance during cell–cell fusion,
and help us better understand the survivability of anhydrobiotic organisms.
Finally, the strong dependence of lipid mobility on the number of
hydrating water molecules opens up an application potential for SLBs
as very precise, nanoscale hydration sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Chattopadhyay
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emilia Krok
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Orlikowska
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lukasz Piatkowski
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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33
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Hara Y, Shibahara R, Kondo K, Abe W, Kunieda T. Parallel evolution of trehalose production machinery in anhydrobiotic animals via recurrent gene loss and horizontal transfer. Open Biol 2021; 11:200413. [PMID: 34255978 PMCID: PMC8277472 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a versatile non-reducing sugar. In some animal groups possessing its intrinsic production machinery, it is used as a potent protectant against environmental stresses, as well as blood sugar. However, the trehalose biosynthesis genes remain unidentified in the large majority of metazoan phyla, including vertebrates. To uncover the evolutionary history of trehalose production machinery in metazoans, we scrutinized the available genome resources and identified bifunctional trehalose-6-phosphate synthase-trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPS–TPP) genes in various taxa. The scan included our newly sequenced genome assembly of a desiccation-tolerant tardigrade Paramacrobiotus sp. TYO, revealing that this species retains TPS–TPP genes activated upon desiccation. Phylogenetic analyses identified a monophyletic group of the many of the metazoan TPS–TPP genes, namely ‘pan-metazoan’ genes, that were acquired in the early ancestors of metazoans. Furthermore, coordination of our results with the previous horizontal gene transfer studies illuminated that the two tardigrade lineages, nematodes and bdelloid rotifers, all of which include desiccation-tolerant species, independently acquired the TPS–TPP homologues via horizontal transfer accompanied with loss of the ‘pan-metazoan’ genes. Our results indicate that the parallel evolution of trehalose synthesis via recurrent loss and horizontal transfer of the biosynthesis genes resulted in the acquisition and/or augmentation of anhydrobiotic lives in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hara
- Research Center for Genome and Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reira Shibahara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koyuki Kondo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Abe
- Department of Biology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Gu S, Liu J, Xiong L, Dong J, Sun E, Hu H, Yang M, Nie L. Morphological mechanism allowing a parasitic leech, Ozobranchus jantseanus (Rhynchobdellida: Ozobranchidae), to survive in ultra-low temperatures. Biol Open 2021; 10:269137. [PMID: 34125176 PMCID: PMC8278134 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozobranchus jantseanus is the largest metazoan known to survive in liquid nitrogen without pretreatment to date; however, the mechanism underlying this tolerance remains unclear. In this study, the first analyses of histological and morphological changes in normal, frozen, and dehydrated states were performed. Adults survived after direct placement in liquid nitrogen for 96 h, with a survival rate of approximately 86.7%. The leech could withstand rapid desiccation and its survival rate after rehydration was 100% when its water loss was below about 84.8%. After freezing, desiccation, and ethanol dehydration, the leech immediately formed a hemispherical shape. Particularly during drying, an obvious transparent glass-like substance was observed on surface. Scanning electron microscopy revealed many pores on the surface of the posterior sucker, creating a sponge-like structure, which may help to rapidly expel water, and a hemispherical shape may protect the internal organs by contraction and folding reconstruction in the anterior–posterior direction. A substantial amount of mucopolysaccharides on the surface and acid cells and collagen fibers in the body, all of which contained substantial polysaccharides, may play a key protective role during freezing. Our results indicate that the resistance of leeches to ultra-low temperatures can be explained by cryoprotective dehydration/vitrification strategies. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: The freeze tolerance mechanism of Ozobranchus jantseanus, the largest metazoan animal requiring no pretreatment that can survive in ultra-low temperature, was first studied from the perspective of morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Gu
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.,Department of Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.,Department of Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Jinxiu Dong
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Entao Sun
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.,Department of Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Haoran Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Mengli Yang
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Liuwang Nie
- The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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35
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Creation of a novel lipid-trehalose derivative showing positive interaction with the cell membrane and verification of its cytoprotective effect during cryopreservation. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:71-80. [PMID: 33895082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is important for enabling long-term cell preservation. However, physical damage due to ice crystal formation and membrane permeation by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) severely affects cryopreserved cell viability. To ensure cell survival and functional maintenance after cryopreservation, it is important to protect the cell membrane, the most vulnerable cell component, from freeze-thaw damage. This study aimed to create a glycolipid derivative having a positive interaction with the cell membrane and cytoprotective effects. As a result, we synthesized a novel trehalose derivative, oleyl-trehalose (Oleyl-Treh), composed of trehalose and oleyl groups. Its use led to increased viable cell counts when used with DMSO in a non-cytotoxic concentration range (1.6 nM-16 μM). Oleyl-Treh significantly improved viability and liver-specific functions of hepatocytes after cryopreservation, including albumin secretion, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (an indicator of cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 activity), and ammonia metabolism. Oleyl-Treh could localize trehalose to the cell membrane; furthermore, the oleyl group affected cell membrane fluidity and exerted cryoprotective effects. This novel cryoprotective agent, which shows a positive interaction with the cell membrane, provides a unique approach toward cell protection during cryopreservation.
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36
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Roszkowska M, Wojciechowska D, Kmita H, Cerbin S, Dziuba MK, Fiałkowska E, Sobkowiak R, Szydło W, Kaczmarek Ł. Tips and tricks how to culture water bears: simple protocols for culturing eutardigrades (Tardigrada) under laboratory conditions. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1881631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - D. Wojciechowska
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - H. Kmita
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - S. Cerbin
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - M. K. Dziuba
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - E. Fiałkowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - R. Sobkowiak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - W. Szydło
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ł. Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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37
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Weng L. Technologies and Applications Toward Preservation of Cells in a Dry State for Therapies. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 19:332-341. [PMID: 33493407 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutics promise to transform the treatment of a wide range of diseases, many of which, up to this point, are incurable. During the past decade, an increasing number of cell therapies have been approved by government regulatory agencies in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Thousands of clinical trials based on live cell therapies are now taking place around the world. But most of these live cell therapies face temporal and/or spatial distances between manufacture and administration, posing a risk of degradation in potency. Cryopreservation has become the predominant biobanking approach to maintain the product's safety and efficacy during transportation and storage. However, the necessity of cryogenic shipment and storage could limit patient access to these emerging therapies and increase the costs of logistics. In the (bio)pharmaceutical industries, freeze-drying and desiccation are established preservation procedures for manufacturing small molecule drugs, liposomes, and monoclonal antibodies. Over the past two decades, there has been a growing body of research exploring the freeze-drying or drying of mammalian cells, with varying degrees of success. This article provides an overview of the technologies that were adopted or developed in these pioneering studies, paving the road toward the preservation of cell-based therapeutics in a dry state for biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindong Weng
- Sana Biotechnology, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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38
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Loi P, Anzalone DA, Palazzese L, Dinnyés A, Saragusty J, Czernik M. Dry storage of mammalian spermatozoa and cells: state-of-the-art and possible future directions. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:82-90. [PMID: 38769676 DOI: 10.1071/rd20264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art of drying cells and spermatozoa. The major successes and pitfalls of the most relevant literature are described separately for spermatozoa and cells. Overall, the data published so far indicate that we are closer to success in spermatozoa, whereas the situation is far more complex with cells. Critical for success is the presence of xeroprotectants inside the spermatozoa and, even more so, inside cells to protect subcellular compartments, primarily DNA. We highlight workable strategies to endow gametes and cells with the right combination of xeroprotectants, mostly sugars, and late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) or similar 'intrinsically disordered' proteins to help them withstand reversible desiccation. We focus on the biological aspects of water stress, and in particular cellular and DNA damage, but also touch on other still unexplored issues, such as the choice of both dehydration and rehydration methods or approaches, because, in our view, they play a primary role in reducing desiccation damage. We conclude by highlighting the need to exhaustively explore desiccation strategies other than lyophilisation, such as air drying, spin drying or spray drying, ideally with new prototypes, other than the food and pharmaceutical drying strategies currently used, tailored for the unique needs of cells and spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Loi
- Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE 64100, Italy; and Corresponding author
| | - D A Anzalone
- Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE 64100, Italy
| | - L Palazzese
- Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE 64100, Italy
| | - A Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd, Gödöllo, 2100 Gödöllo, Hungary; and HCEMM-USZ, StemCell Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; and Sichuan University, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - J Saragusty
- Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE 64100, Italy
| | - M Czernik
- Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE 64100, Italy; and Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
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39
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Hesgrove C, Boothby TC. The biology of tardigrade disordered proteins in extreme stress tolerance. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:178. [PMID: 33148259 PMCID: PMC7640644 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Disordered proteins have long been known to help mediate tolerance to different abiotic stresses including freezing, osmotic stress, high temperatures, and desiccation in a diverse set of organisms. Recently, three novel families of intrinsically disordered proteins were identified in tardigrades, microscopic animals capable of surviving a battery of environmental extremes. These three families include the Cytoplasmic-, Secreted-, and Mitochondrial- Abundant Heat Soluble (CAHS, SAHS, and MAHS) proteins, which are collectively termed Tardigrade Disordered Proteins (TDPs). At the level of sequence conservation TDPs are unique to tardigrades, and beyond their high degree of disorder the CAHS, SAHS, and MAHS families do not resemble one another. All three families are either highly expressed constitutively, or significantly enriched in response to desiccation. In vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro experiments indicate functional roles for members of each TDP family in mitigating cellular perturbations induced by various abiotic stresses. What is currently lacking is a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the fundamental mechanisms by which TDPs function, and the properties of TDPs that allow them to function via those mechanisms. A quantitative and systematic approach is needed to identify precisely what cellular damage TDPs work to prevent, what sequence features are important for these functions, and how those sequence features contribute to the underlying mechanisms of protection. Such an approach will inform us not only about these fascinating proteins, but will also provide insights into how the sequence of a disordered protein can dictate its functional, structural, and dynamic properties. Video Abstract
Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie Hesgrove
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Thomas C Boothby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
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40
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Hibshman JD, Clegg JS, Goldstein B. Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades. Front Physiol 2020; 11:592016. [PMID: 33192606 PMCID: PMC7649794 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.592016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Water is critical for the survival of most cells and organisms. Remarkably, a small number of multicellular animals are able to survive nearly complete drying. The phenomenon of anhydrobiosis, or life without water, has been of interest to researchers for over 300 years. In this review we discuss advances in our understanding of protectants and mechanisms of desiccation tolerance that have emerged from research in three anhydrobiotic invertebrates: brine shrimp (Artemia), roundworms (nematodes), and tardigrades (water bears). Discovery of molecular protectants that allow each of these three animals to survive drying diversifies our understanding of desiccation tolerance, and convergent themes suggest mechanisms that may offer a general model for engineering desiccation tolerance in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Hibshman
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - James S. Clegg
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bob Goldstein
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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41
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Yoshida K, Ono F, Chouno T, Perocho BR, Ikegami Y, Shirakigawa N, Ijima H. Cryoprotective enhancing effect of very low concentration of trehalose on the functions of primary rat hepatocytes. Regen Ther 2020; 15:173-179. [PMID: 33426216 PMCID: PMC7770350 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cells have various applications in biomedical research. Cryopreservation is a cell-preservation technique that provides cells for such applications. After cryopreservation, sensitive cells, such as primary hepatocytes, suffer from low viability due to the physical damage caused by ice crystals, highlighting the need for better methods of cryopreservation to improve cell viability. Given the importance of effectively suppressing ice crystal formation to protect cellular structure, trehalose has attracted attention as cryoprotectant based on its ability to inhibit ice crystal formation; however, trehalose induces osmotic stress. Therefore, to establish a cell-cryopreservation technique, it is necessary to provide an optimal balance between the protective and damaging effects of trehalose. Methods In this study, we evaluated the effects of osmotic stress and ice crystal formation on the viability and function of primary rat hepatocytes at wide range of trehalose concentration. Results There was no osmotic stress at very low concentrations (2.6 μM) of trehalose, and 2.6 μM trehalose drives the formation of finer ice crystals, which are less damaging to the cell membrane. Furthermore, we found that the number of viable hepatocytes after cryopreservation were 70% higher under the 2.6 μM trehalose-supplemented conditions than under the dimethyl sulfoxide-supplemented conditions. Moreover, non-cryopreserved cells and cells cryopreserved with trehalose showed comparable intracellular dehydrogenase activity. Conclusions We showed that trehalose at very low concentrations (2.6 μM) improved dramatically viability and liver function of hepatocyte after cryopreservation. Very low concentration of trehalose could suppress ice crystal formation and protect cell structure. There was a correlation between osmotic pressure of trehalose and hepatocytes viability. Very low concentration of trehalose improved viability and liver function of hepatocyte after cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Yoshida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fumiyasu Ono
- Global Innovation Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka Industry-Academia Symphonicity 4-1, Kyudai-Shinmachi, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 819-0388, Japan
| | - Takehiro Chouno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Bual Ronald Perocho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Tibanga, Iligan City 9200 Philippines
| | - Yasuhiro Ikegami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nana Shirakigawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ijima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Khodajou-Masouleh H, Shahangian SS, Attar F, H Sajedi R, Rasti B. Characteristics, dynamics and mechanisms of actions of some major stress-induced biomacromolecules; addressing Artemia as an excellent biological model. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:5619-5637. [PMID: 32734830 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1796793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stress tolerance is one of the most prominent and interesting topics in biology since many macro- and micro-adaptations have evolved in resistant organisms that are worth studying. When it comes to confronting various environmental stressors, the extremophile Artemia is unrivaled in the animal kingdom. In the present review, the evolved molecular and cellular basis of stress tolerance in resistant biological systems are described, focusing on Artemia cyst as an excellent biological model. The main purpose of the review is to discuss how the structure and physicochemical characteristics of protective factors such as late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEAPs), small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) and trehalose are related to their functions and by which mechanisms, they exert their functions. In addition, some metabolic depressors in Artemia encysted embryos are also mentioned, indirectly playing important roles in stress tolerance. Importantly, a great deal of attention is given to the LEAPs, exhibiting distinctive folding behaviors and mechanisms of actions. For instance, molecular shield function, chaperone-like activity, moonlighting property, sponging and snorkeling capabilities of the LEAPs are delineated here. Moreover, the molecular interplay between some of these factors is mentioned, leading to their synergistic effects. Interestingly, Artemia life cycle adapts to environmental conditions. Diapause is the defense mode of this life cycle, safeguarding Artemia encysted embryos against various environmental stressors. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Shirin Shahangian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Food Industry & Agriculture, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza H Sajedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Rasti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran
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Dinu MV, Dinu IA, Saxer SS, Meier W, Pieles U, Bruns N. Stabilizing Enzymes within Polymersomes by Coencapsulation of Trehalose. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:134-145. [PMID: 32567847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are essential biocatalysts and very attractive as therapeutics. However, their functionality is strictly related to their stability, which is significantly affected by the environmental changes occurring during their usage or long-term storage. Therefore, maintaining the activity of enzymes is essential when they are exposed to high temperature during usage or when they are stored for extended periods of time. Here, we stabilize and protect enzymes by coencapsulating them with trehalose into polymersomes. The anhydrobiotic disaccharide preserved up to about 81% of the enzyme's original activity when laccase/trehalose-loaded nanoreactors were kept desiccated for 2 months at room temperature and 75% of its activity when heated at 50 °C for 3 weeks. Moreover, the applicability of laccase/trehalose-loaded nanoreactors as catalysts for bleaching of the textile dyes orange G, toluidine blue O, and indigo was proven. Our results demonstrate the advantages of coencapsulating trehalose within polymersomes to stabilize enzymes in dehydrated state for extended periods of time, preserving their activity even when heated to elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valentina Dinu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Functional Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionel Adrian Dinu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Functional Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sina S Saxer
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pieles
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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Abstract
The disaccharide trehalose is accumulated in the cytoplasm of some organisms in response to harsh environmental conditions. Trehalose biosynthesis and accumulation are important for the survival of such organisms by protecting the structure and function of proteins and membranes. Trehalose affects the dynamics of proteins and water molecules in the bulk and the protein hydration shell. Enzyme catalysis and other processes dependent on protein dynamics are affected by the viscosity generated by trehalose, as described by the Kramers’ theory of rate reactions. Enzyme/protein stabilization by trehalose against thermal inactivation/unfolding is also explained by the viscosity mediated hindering of the thermally generated structural dynamics, as described by Kramers’ theory. The analysis of the relationship of viscosity–protein dynamics, and its effects on enzyme/protein function and other processes (thermal inactivation and unfolding/folding), is the focus of the present work regarding the disaccharide trehalose as the viscosity generating solute. Finally, trehalose is widely used (alone or in combination with other compounds) in the stabilization of enzymes in the laboratory and in biotechnological applications; hence, considering the effect of viscosity on catalysis and stability of enzymes may help to improve the results of trehalose in its diverse uses/applications.
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Parmegiani L, Minasi MG, Arnone A, Casciani V, Cognigni GE, Viñoles R, Varricchio MT, Quintero LA, Greco E, Filicori M. "Universal Warming" protocol for vitrified oocytes to streamline cell exchange for transnational donation programs: a multi-center study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1379-1385. [PMID: 32363563 PMCID: PMC7311616 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the clinical efficacy of a "Universal Warming" protocol, based on subsequent steps with 1 M and 0.5 M concentration of extracellular cryoprotectant (ECCP), on shipped oocytes. Oocytes are vitrified using different brands of ready-to-use kits which recommend that the use of their own warming kit and combining different vitrification/warming kits may have legal consequences for assisted reproductive (AR) centers, until this practice has been validated with clinical studies. METHODS Retrospective multi-center transnational observational study. Number of oocytes warmed 1.898. Vitrification performed with vitrification kit (Kitazato, Japan); warming carried out randomly with two different kits: Kitazato warming kit and Vit Kit®-Thaw (FujiFilm Irvine, USA). Warmed oocytes were assigned to 2 groups: KK (Kitazato/Kitazato) 939, and KI (Kitazato/Irvine) 959. Primary endpoint: survival rate. Secondary endpoints: fertilization rate; blastulation rate; implantation rate; live birth rate. RESULTS Survival was comparable between the groups: 84.6% (795/939) in group KK vs 82.1% (787/959) in group KI. Fertilization rate was lower (P = 0.027) in group KK (75.7%-602/795) than in group KI (80.4%-633/787). Blastulation and implantation and live birth rates were all statistically comparable between the study groups: blastulation rate was 58.5% (352/602) vs 57.8% (366/633); implantation rate was 41.5% (80/193) vs 45.9% (84/183); live birth rate was 52.5% (62/118) in KK and 45.0% (54/120) in KI. CONCLUSION The use of this "Universal Warming" protocol simplifies vitrified oocyte exchange between AR centers in different countries, and overcomes potential regulatory/commercial/availability differences affecting clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lodovico Parmegiani
- Reproductive Medicine Unit- GynePro Medical Centers, GynePro Medical, Via T. Cremona, 8 -, 40137, Bologna, Italy.
- NextClinics International, Aystetten, Germany.
| | - M G Minasi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine European Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Arnone
- Reproductive Medicine Unit- GynePro Medical Centers, GynePro Medical, Via T. Cremona, 8 -, 40137, Bologna, Italy
- NextClinics International, Aystetten, Germany
| | - V Casciani
- Center for Reproductive Medicine European Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - G E Cognigni
- Reproductive Medicine Unit- GynePro Medical Centers, GynePro Medical, Via T. Cremona, 8 -, 40137, Bologna, Italy
- NextClinics International, Aystetten, Germany
| | - R Viñoles
- NextClinics International, Aystetten, Germany
- Instituto de Medicina Reproductiva (IMER), Valencia, Spain
| | - M T Varricchio
- Center for Reproductive Medicine European Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - L A Quintero
- NextClinics International, Aystetten, Germany
- Instituto de Medicina Reproductiva (IMER), Valencia, Spain
| | - E Greco
- Center for Reproductive Medicine European Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M Filicori
- Reproductive Medicine Unit- GynePro Medical Centers, GynePro Medical, Via T. Cremona, 8 -, 40137, Bologna, Italy
- NextClinics International, Aystetten, Germany
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Zhao P, Hou X, Yan J, Du S, Xue Y, Li W, Xiang G, Dong Y. Long-term storage of lipid-like nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:358-363. [PMID: 32206737 PMCID: PMC7078456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-like nanoparticles (LLNs) have been extensively explored for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery in various biomedical applications. However, the long-term storage of these nanoparticles is still a challenge for their clinical translation. In this study, we investigated a series of conditions for the long-term storage of LLNs with encapsulation of mRNA. We evaluated the stability of LLNs with different concentrations of cryoprotectants (sucrose, trehalose or mannitol) under the conditions of freezing or lyophilization processes. Through in vitro and in vivo mRNA delivery studies, we identified the optimal storage condition, and found that the addition with 5% (w/v) sucrose or trehalose to LLNs could remain their mRNA delivery efficiency for at least three months in the liquid nitrogen storage condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxuan Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xucheng Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Jingyue Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Yonger Xue
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Wenqing Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
- The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
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47
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Ultrastructural analysis of the dehydrated tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris unveils an anhydrobiotic-specific architecture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4324. [PMID: 32152342 PMCID: PMC7062702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades can cope with adverse environmental conditions by turning into anhydrobiotes with a characteristic tun shape. Tun formation is an essential morphological adaptation for tardigrade entry into the anhydrobiotic state. The tun cell structure and ultrastructure have rarely been explored in tardigrades in general and never in Hypsibius exemplaris. We used transmission electron microscopy to compare cellular organization and ultrastructures between hydrated and anhydrobiotic H. exemplaris. Despite a globally similar cell organelle structure and a number of cells not significantly different between hydrated and desiccated tardigrades, reductions in the sizes of both cells and mitochondria were detected in dehydrated animals. Moreover, in anhydrobiotes, secretory active cells with a dense endoplasmic reticulum network were observed. Interestingly, these anhydrobiote-specific cells are in a close relationship with a specific extracellular structure surrounding each cell. It is possible that this rampart-like extracellular structure resulted from the accumulation of anhydrobiotic-specific material to protect the cells. Interestingly, after five hours of rehydration, the number of secretory cells decreased, and the specific extracellular structure began to disappear. Twenty-four hours after the beginning of rehydration, the cellular structure and ultrastructure were comparable to those observed in hydrated tardigrades.
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Diaz-Dussan D, Peng YY, Sengupta J, Zabludowski R, Adam MK, Acker JP, Ben RN, Kumar P, Narain R. Trehalose-Based Polyethers for Cryopreservation and Three-Dimensional Cell Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1264-1273. [PMID: 31913606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The capability to slow ice growth and recrystallization is compulsory in the cryopreservation of cells and tissues to avoid injuries associated with the physical and chemical responses of freezing and thawing. Cryoprotective agents (CPAs) have been used to restrain cryoinjury and improve cell survival, but some of these compounds pose greater risks for the clinical application of cryopreserved cells due to their inherent toxicity. Trehalose is known for its unique physicochemical properties and its interaction with the phospholipids of the plasma membrane, which can reduce cell osmotic stress and stabilized the cryopreserved cells. Nonetheless, there has been a shortage of relevant studies on the synthesis of trehalose-based CPAs. We hereby report the synthesis and evaluation of a trehalose-based polymer and hydrogel and its use as a cryoprotectant and three-dimensional (3D) cell scaffold for cell encapsulation and organoid production. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with the trehalose-based polymers (poly(Tre-ECH)) demonstrated biocompatibility up to 100 mg/mL. High post-thaw cell membrane integrity and post-thaw cell plating efficiencies were achieved after 24 h of incubation with skin fibroblast, HeLa (cervical), and PC3 (prostate) cancer cell lines under both controlled-rate and ultrarapid freezing protocols. Differential scanning calorimetry and a splat cooling assay for the determination of ice recrystallization inhibition activity corroborated the unique properties of these trehalose-based polyethers as cryoprotectants. Furthermore, the ability to form hydrogels as 3D cell scaffolds encourages the use of these novel polymers in the development of cell organoids and cryopreservation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Diaz-Dussan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada
| | - Yi-Yang Peng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada
| | - Jayeeta Sengupta
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Zabludowski
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada
| | - Madeleine K Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, T6G 2R8 Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert N Ben
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ontario, Canada
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2 Alberta, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada
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Boothby TC. Mechanisms and evolution of resistance to environmental extremes in animals. EvoDevo 2019; 10:30. [PMID: 31827759 PMCID: PMC6862762 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-019-0143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
When animals are exposed to an extreme environmental stress, one of three possible outcomes takes place: the animal dies, the animal avoids the environmental stress and survives, or the animal tolerates the environmental stress and survives. This review is concerned with the third possibility, and will look at mechanisms that rare animals use to survive extreme environmental stresses including freezing, desiccation, intense heat, irradiation, and low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia). In addition, an increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in environmental stress tolerance allows us to speculate on how these tolerances arose. Uncovering the mechanisms of extreme environmental stress tolerance and how they evolve has broad implications for our understanding of the evolution of early life on this planet, colonization of new environments, and the search for novel forms of life both on Earth and elsewhere, as well as a number of agricultural and health-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Boothby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY USA
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50
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Jönsson KI. Radiation Tolerance in Tardigrades: Current Knowledge and Potential Applications in Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1333. [PMID: 31505739 PMCID: PMC6770827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades represent a phylum of very small aquatic animals in which many species have evolved adaptations to survive under extreme environmental conditions, such as desiccation and freezing. Studies on several species have documented that tardigrades also belong to the most radiation-tolerant animals on Earth. This paper gives an overview of our current knowledge on radiation tolerance of tardigrades, with respect to dose-responses, developmental stages, and different radiation sources. The molecular mechanisms behind radiation tolerance in tardigrades are still largely unknown, but omics studies suggest that both mechanisms related to the avoidance of DNA damage and mechanisms of DNA repair are involved. The potential of tardigrades to provide knowledge of importance for medical sciences has long been recognized, but it is not until recently that more apparent evidence of such potential has appeared. Recent studies show that stress-related tardigrade genes may be transfected to human cells and provide increased tolerance to osmotic stress and ionizing radiation. With the recent sequencing of the tardigrade genome, more studies applying tardigrade omics to relevant aspects of human medicine are expected. In particular, the cancer research field has potential to learn from studies on tardigrades about molecular mechanisms evolved to maintain genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ingemar Jönsson
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden.
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