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El-Fakharany EM, El-Gendi H, Abdel-Wahhab K, Abu-Serie MM, El-Sahra DG, Ashry M. Therapeutic efficacy of α-lactalbumin coated oleic acid based liposomes against colorectal carcinoma in Caco-2 cells and DMH-treated albino rats. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:9220-9234. [PMID: 37624964 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2250452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Therefore, novel liposomes of oleic acid coated with camel α-lactalbumin (α-LA coated liposomes) were developed for their potential antitumor activity against CRC, both in vitro and in DMH-induced CRC-modeled animal. In vitro results indicated the high safety of α-LA coated liposomes towards normal human cells with potent antitumor activity against Caco-2 cells at an IC50 value of 57.01 ± 3.55 µM with selectivity index of 6.92 ± 0.48. This antitumor activity has been attributed to induction of the apoptotic mechanism, as demonstrated by nuclear condensation and arrest of Caco-2 cells in sub-G1 populations. α-LA coated liposomes also revealed a significant up-regulation of the p53 gene combined with a down-regulation of the Bcl2 gene. Moreover, in vivo results revealed that treatment of induced-CRC modeled animals with α-LA coated liposomes for six weeks markedly improved the CRC-disorders; this was achieved from the significant reduction in the values of AFP, CEA, CA19.9, TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA, and NO coupled with remarkable rise in SOD, GPx, GSH, CAT, and CD4+ levels. The histopathological findings asserted the therapeutic potential of α-LA coated liposomes in the treatment of CRC. Therefore, the present results proved the antitumor activity of α-LA coated liposomes against CRC through the restoration of impaired oxidative stress, improved immune response, and reduced inflammation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA- City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, GEBRI, SRTA-City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, GEBRI, SRTA-City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa Galal El-Sahra
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ashry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
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2
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Mustafa M, Sarfraz S, Saleem G, Khan TA, Shahid D, Taj S, Amir N. Beyond Milk and Nurture: Breastfeeding's Powerful Impact on Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2024; 84:541-554. [PMID: 38884025 PMCID: PMC11175834 DOI: 10.1055/a-2313-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) stands as a global concern, given its high incidence and impact on women's mortality. This complex disease has roots in various risk factors, some modifiable and others not. Understanding and identifying these factors can be instrumental in both preventing BC and improving survival rates. Remarkably, women's reproductive behaviors have emerged as critical determinants of BC susceptibility. Numerous studies have shed light on how aspects including age of menarche, first pregnancy and menopause along with number of pregnancies, hormone replacement therapies, can influence one's risk of developing BC. Furthermore, the act of breastfeeding and its duration have shown an inverse relationship with BC risk. This review delves into the biological and molecular mechanisms associated with breastfeeding that contribute to BC protection. It highlights the role of endocrine processes triggered by suckling stimulation, the gradual onset of lactational amenorrhea, delayed weaning, reduced lifetime menstrual cycles, chromosomal repair mechanisms, and immunological events throughout the lactation cycle. These insights provide a potential explanation for the protective effects conferred by breastfeeding against breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mustafa
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Sarfraz
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gullelalah Saleem
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmad Khan
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Damiya Shahid
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Taj
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Amir
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
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3
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Lerksuthirat T, On‐yam P, Chitphuk S, Stitchantrakul W, Newburg DS, Morrow AL, Hongeng S, Chiangjong W, Chutipongtanate S. ALA-A2 Is a Novel Anticancer Peptide Inspired by Alpha-Lactalbumin: A Discovery from a Computational Peptide Library, In Silico Anticancer Peptide Screening and In Vitro Experimental Validation. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200213. [PMID: 36910465 PMCID: PMC10000267 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are rising as a new strategy for cancer therapy. However, traditional laboratory screening to find and identify novel ACPs from hundreds to thousands of peptides is costly and time consuming. Here, a sequential procedure is applied to identify candidate ACPs from a computer-generated peptide library inspired by alpha-lactalbumin, a milk protein with known anticancer properties. A total of 2688 distinct peptides, 5-25 amino acids in length, are generated from alpha-lactalbumin. In silico ACP screening using the physicochemical and structural filters and three machine learning models lead to the top candidate peptides ALA-A1 and ALA-A2. In vitro screening against five human cancer cell lines supports ALA-A2 as the positive hit. ALA-A2 selectively kills A549 lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, with no hemolytic side effects, and acts as a cell penetrating peptide without membranolytic effects. Sequential window acquisition of all theorical fragment ions-proteomics and functional validation reveal that ALA-A2 induces autophagy to mediate lung cancer cell death. This approach to identify ALA-A2 is time and cost-effective. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the exact intracellular targets of ALA-A2. Moreover, these findings support the use of larger computational peptide libraries built upon multiple proteins to further advance ACP research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassanee Lerksuthirat
- Research CenterFaculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok10400Thailand
| | - Pasinee On‐yam
- Pediatric Translational Research UnitDepartment of PediatricsFaculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok10400Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok10400Thailand
| | - Sermsiri Chitphuk
- Research CenterFaculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok10400Thailand
| | - Wasana Stitchantrakul
- Research CenterFaculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok10400Thailand
| | - David S. Newburg
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Environmental and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45267USA
| | - Ardythe L. Morrow
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Environmental and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45267USA
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45267USA
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology and OncologyDepartment of PediatricsFaculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok10400Thailand
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research UnitDepartment of PediatricsFaculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok10400Thailand
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research UnitDepartment of PediatricsFaculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok10400Thailand
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Environmental and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45267USA
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4
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Cytochrome c Interaction with Cardiolipin Plays a Key Role in Cell Apoptosis: Implications for Human Diseases. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cell cytochrome, c performs different functions depending on the environment in which it acts; therefore, it has been classified as a multifunction protein. When anchored to the outer side of the inner mitochondrial membrane, native cytochrome c acts as a Schweitzer-StennerSchweitzer-Stenner that transfers electrons from cytochrome c reductase to cytochrome c oxidase in the respiratory chain. On the other hand, to interact with cardiolipin (one of the phospholipids making up the mitochondrial membrane) and form the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex in the apoptotic process, the protein reorganizes its structure into a non-native state characterized by different asymmetry. The formation of the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex is a fundamental step of the apoptotic pathway, since the structural rearrangement induces peroxidase activity in cytochrome c, the subsequent permeabilization of the membrane, and the release of the free protein into the cytoplasm, where cytochrome c activates the apoptotic process. Apoptosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of neoplastic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases; in this contest, the biosynthesis and remodeling of cardiolipin are crucial for the regulation of the apoptotic process. Since the role of cytochrome c as a promoter of apoptosis strictly depends on the non-native conformation(s) that the protein acquires when bound to the cardiolipin and such event leads to cytochrome c traslocation into the cytosol, the structural and functional properties of the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex in cell fate will be the focus of the present review.
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Deng M, Lv X, Liu L, Li J, Du G, Chen J, Liu Y. Efficient Bioproduction of Human Milk Alpha-Lactalbumin in Komagataella phaffii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2664-2672. [PMID: 35148078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA; the most abundant whey protein in human milk) contributes to infant development, providing bioactive peptides and essential amino acids. Here, Komagataella phaffii (K. phaffii) was selected as the production host. We found that the K. phaffii host X33 was suitable for expressing the target protein, yielding 5.2 mg·L-1 α-LA. Thereafter, several secretory signal peptides were applied to obtain a higher titer of α-LA. The strain with α-factor secretory signal peptide secreted the highest extracellular titer. Additionally, promoters AOX1, GAP, and GAP(m) were compared and applied. The strain with the promoter AOX1 produced the highest extracellular titer. In addition, coexpressing human protein disulfide isomerase A3 (hPDIA3) increased the titer by 27%. Human α-LA production by the strain X33-pPICZαA-hLALBA-hPDIA3 reached 56.3 mg·L-1 in a 3 L bioreactor. This is the first report of successful secretory human α-LA expression in K. phaffii and lays foundations for the simulation of human milk for infant formulas and further development of bioengineered milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
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6
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Ghosh S, Saurabh A, Prabhu NP. Spectroscopic studies on the stability and nucleation-independent fibrillation of partially-unfolded proteins in crowded environment. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120307. [PMID: 34461523 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fibril formation of globular proteins is driven by attaining an appropriate partially-unfolded conformation. Excluded volume effect exerted by the presence of other macromolecules in the solution, as found in the cellular interior, might affect the conformational state of proteins and alter their fibril formation process. The change in structure, stability and rate of fibril formation of aggregation-prone partially-unfolded states of lysozyme (Lyz) and α-lactalbumin (ALA) in the presence of different sizes of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is examined using spectroscopic methods. Thermal denaturation and far-UV CD studies suggest that Lyz is stabilized by PEGs and the stability increases with increasing concentration of PEGs. However, the stability of ALA depends on the size and concentration of PEG. The change in enthalpy of unfolding indicates the existence of soft-interactions between the proteins and PEG along with excluded volume effect. Fibrillation rate of Lyz is not significantly altered in the presence of lower concentrations of PEGs suggesting that the crowding effect dominates the viscosity-induced retardation of protein association whereas at higher concentrations the rates are reduced. In case of ALA, the rate of fibrillation is drastically reduced; however, there is a marginal increase with the increasing concentration of PEG. The results suggest that the fibril formation is influenced by change in initial conformation of the partially-unfolded states of the proteins and their stability in the presence of the crowding agent. Further, the size and concentration of the crowding agent, and the soft-interaction between the proteins and PEG also affects the fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Archi Saurabh
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - N Prakash Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
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Randhawa JK, Kim ME, Polski A, Reid MW, Mascarenhas K, Brown B, Fabian ID, Kaliki S, Stacey AW, Burner E, Sayegh CS, Poblete RA, Ji X, Zou Y, Sultana S, Rashid R, Sherief ST, Cassoux N, Garcia J, Coronado RD, López AMZ, Ushakova T, Polyakov VG, Roy SR, Ahmad A, Reddy MA, Sagoo MS, Al Harby L, Astbury NJ, Bascaran C, Blum S, Bowman R, Burton MJ, Gomel N, Keren-Froim N, Madgar S, Zondervan M, Berry JL. The Effects of Breastfeeding on Retinoblastoma Development: Results from an International Multicenter Retinoblastoma Survey. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4773. [PMID: 34631159 PMCID: PMC7611784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of breastfeeding on various childhood malignancies have been established but an association has not yet been determined for retinoblastoma (RB). We aimed to further investigate the role of breastfeeding in the severity of nonhereditary RB development, assessing relationship to (1) age at diagnosis, (2) ocular prognosis, measured by International Intraocular RB Classification (IIRC) or Intraocular Classification of RB (ICRB) group and success of eye salvage, and (3) extraocular involvement. Analyses were performed on a global dataset subgroup of 344 RB patients whose legal guardian(s) consented to answer a neonatal questionnaire. Patients with undetermined or mixed feeding history, family history of RB, or sporadic bilateral RB were excluded. There was no statistically significant difference between breastfed and formula-fed groups in (1) age at diagnosis (p = 0.20), (2) ocular prognosis measures of IIRC/ICRB group (p = 0.62) and success of eye salvage (p = 0.16), or (3) extraocular involvement shown by International Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS) at presentation (p = 0.74), lymph node involvement (p = 0.20), and distant metastases (p = 0.37). This study suggests that breastfeeding neither impacts the sporadic development nor is associated with a decrease in the severity of nonhereditary RB as measured by age at diagnosis, stage of disease, ocular prognosis, and extraocular spread. A further exploration into the impact of diet on children who develop RB is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeen K. Randhawa
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (J.K.R.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (M.W.R.); (B.B.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mary E. Kim
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (J.K.R.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (M.W.R.); (B.B.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ashley Polski
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (J.K.R.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (M.W.R.); (B.B.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mark W. Reid
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (J.K.R.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (M.W.R.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Brianne Brown
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (J.K.R.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (M.W.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Ido Didi Fabian
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (I.D.F.); (N.J.A.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (M.J.B.); (M.Z.)
- Sheba Medical Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel; (S.B.); (N.K.-F.); (S.M.)
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, Hyderabad 500034, India;
| | - Andrew W. Stacey
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Burner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Caitlin S. Sayegh
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Roy A. Poblete
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Xunda Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yihua Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (X.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Riffat Rashid
- Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Sadik Taju Sherief
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 3614, Ethiopia;
| | | | | | - Rosdali Diaz Coronado
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima 15038, Peru; (R.D.C.); (A.M.Z.L.)
| | | | - Tatiana Ushakova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center, Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Oncology of Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (T.U.); (V.G.P.)
- Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 125445 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G. Polyakov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center, Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Oncology of Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (T.U.); (V.G.P.)
- Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 125445 Moscow, Russia
| | - Soma Rani Roy
- Chittagong Eye Infirmary & Training Complex, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh;
| | - Alia Ahmad
- The Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - M. Ashwin Reddy
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK; (M.A.R.); (M.S.S.); (L.A.H.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Mandeep S. Sagoo
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK; (M.A.R.); (M.S.S.); (L.A.H.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Lamis Al Harby
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK; (M.A.R.); (M.S.S.); (L.A.H.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Nicholas John Astbury
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (I.D.F.); (N.J.A.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (M.J.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Covadonga Bascaran
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (I.D.F.); (N.J.A.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (M.J.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sharon Blum
- Sheba Medical Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel; (S.B.); (N.K.-F.); (S.M.)
| | - Richard Bowman
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (I.D.F.); (N.J.A.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (M.J.B.); (M.Z.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Matthew J. Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (I.D.F.); (N.J.A.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (M.J.B.); (M.Z.)
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Nir Gomel
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Division of Ophthalmology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 39040, Israel;
| | - Naama Keren-Froim
- Sheba Medical Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel; (S.B.); (N.K.-F.); (S.M.)
| | - Shiran Madgar
- Sheba Medical Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel; (S.B.); (N.K.-F.); (S.M.)
| | - Marcia Zondervan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (I.D.F.); (N.J.A.); (C.B.); (R.B.); (M.J.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jesse L. Berry
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (J.K.R.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (M.W.R.); (B.B.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Milk Proteins-Their Biological Activities and Use in Cosmetics and Dermatology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113253. [PMID: 34071375 PMCID: PMC8197926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk and colostrum have high biological potential, and due to their natural origin and non-toxicity, they have many uses in cosmetics and dermatology. Research is ongoing on their potential application in other fields of medicine, but there are still few results; most of the published ones are included in this review. These natural products are especially rich in proteins, such as casein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and growth factors, and possess various antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory properties, etc. This review describes the physico-chemical properties of milk and colostrum proteins and the natural functions they perform in the body and compares their composition between animal species (cows, goats, and sheep). The milk- and colostrum-based products can be used in dietary supplementation and for performing immunomodulatory functions; they can enhance the effects of certain drugs and can have a lethal effect on pathogenic microorganisms. Milk products are widely used in the treatment of dermatological diseases for promoting the healing of chronic wounds, hastening tissue regeneration, and the treatment of acne vulgaris or plaque psoriasis. They are also increasingly regarded as active ingredients that can improve the condition of the skin by reducing the number of acne lesions and blackheads, regulating sebum secretion, ameliorating inflammatory changes as well as bestowing a range of moisturizing, protective, toning, smoothing, anti-irritation, whitening, soothing, and antiaging effects.
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Su Q, Sun X, Zhu L, Yan Q, Zheng P, Mao Y, Ye D. Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. BMC Med 2021; 19:90. [PMID: 33845843 PMCID: PMC8042913 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the available evidence on the association of breastfeeding with the risk of childhood cancer. METHODS A literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify eligible observational studies published from inception to July 17, 2020. The categorical and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted by pooling relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected by meta-regression and stratification analysis. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were also carried out. RESULTS Forty-five articles involving 475,579 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. Among the thirty-three studies on the association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood leukemia, the pooled risk estimates were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.65-0.91) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.63-0.94) for ever versus non/occasional breastfeeding and longest versus shortest breastfeeding duration group, respectively. There was clear indication for non-linear dose-response relationship between breastfeeding duration and the risk of childhood leukemia (P non-linear < 0.001). The most protective effect (OR, 0.66, 95% CI 0.62-0.70) was observed at a breastfeeding duration of 9.6 months. Four studies examined, the association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood neuroblastoma, and significant inverse associations were consistently observed in both the comparisons of ever breastfeeding versus non/occasional breastfeeding (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.44-0.81) and longest versus shortest breastfeeding (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.44-0.83). However, no associations of breastfeeding with risk of other cancers were found. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports a protective role of breastfeeding on the risk of childhood leukemia, also suggesting a non-linear dose-response relationship. Further studies are warranted to confirm the association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Peiwen Zheng
- Department of Medical Adiministration, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yingying Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Interaction of Lactoferrin with Unsaturated Fatty Acids: In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Human Lactoferrin/Oleic Acid Complex Cytotoxicity. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071602. [PMID: 33805987 PMCID: PMC8037541 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As shown recently, oleic acid (OA) in complex with lactoferrin (LF) causes the death of cancer cells, but no mechanism(s) of that toxicity have been disclosed. In this study, constitutive parameters of the antitumor effect of LF/OA complex were explored. Complex LF/OA was prepared by titrating recombinant human LF with OA. Spectral analysis was used to assess possible structural changes of LF within its complex with OA. Structural features of apo-LF did not change within the complex LF:OA = 1:8, which was toxic for hepatoma 22a cells. Cytotoxicity of the complex LF:OA = 1:8 was tested in cultured hepatoma 22a cells and in fresh erythrocytes. Its anticancer activity was tested in mice carrying hepatoma 22a. In mice injected daily with LF-8OA, the same tumor grew significantly slower. In 20% of animals, the tumors completely resolved. LF alone was less efficient, i.e., the tumor growth index was 0.14 for LF-8OA and 0.63 for LF as compared with 1.0 in the control animals. The results of testing from 48 days after the tumor inoculation showed that the survival rate among LF-8OA-treated animals was 70%, contrary to 0% rate in the control group and among the LF-treated mice. Our data allow us to regard the complex of LF and OA as a promising tool for cancer treatment.
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11
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Quitadamo PA, Palumbo G, Cianti L, Lurdo P, Gentile MA, Villani A. The Revolution of Breast Milk: The Multiple Role of Human Milk Banking between Evidence and Experience-A Narrative Review. Int J Pediatr 2021; 2021:6682516. [PMID: 33623528 PMCID: PMC7872774 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The review recalls the importance of breast milk and deepens the theme of human milk banking, a virtuous reality that is expanding all over the world but is still little known. In the last 15 years, modern biological technologies have crystallized the concept of uniqueness and irreproducibility of human milk, by establishing three new principles: first: human milk: a "life-saving" drug; second: human milk: the best food for preterm infants; and third: human milk: the main component of premature infant care. Our experience teaches us that human milk banking plays many roles that need to be known and shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqua Anna Quitadamo
- NICU, HMB “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Palumbo
- NICU, HMB “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Liliana Cianti
- NICU, HMB “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Lurdo
- NICU, HMB “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Gentile
- NICU, HMB “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Villani
- NICU, HMB “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
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12
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Kim KU, Kim WH, Jeong CH, Yi DY, Min H. More than Nutrition: Therapeutic Potential of Breast Milk-Derived Exosomes in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7327. [PMID: 33023062 PMCID: PMC7582863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk (HBM) is an irreplaceable source of nutrition for early infant growth and development. Breast-fed children are known to have a low prevalence and reduced risk of various diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, gastroenteritis, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia. In recent years, HBM has been found to contain a microbiome, extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and microRNAs, as well as nutritional components and non-nutritional proteins, including immunoregulatory proteins, hormones, and growth factors. Especially, the milk-derived exosomes exert various physiological and therapeutic function in cell proliferation, inflammation, immunomodulation, and cancer, which are mainly attributed to their cargo molecules such as proteins and microRNAs. The exosomal miRNAs are protected from enzymatic digestion and acidic conditions, and play a critical role in immune regulation and cancer. In addition, the milk-derived exosomes are developed as drug carriers for delivering small molecules and siRNA to tumor sites. In this review, we examined the various components of HBM and their therapeutic potential, in particular of exosomes and microRNAs, towards cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Uk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-U.K.); (W.-H.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Wan-Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-U.K.); (W.-H.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Chi Hwan Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-U.K.); (W.-H.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Dae Yong Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06973, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Min
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-U.K.); (W.-H.K.); (C.H.J.)
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Derdak R, Sakoui S, Pop OL, Muresan CI, Vodnar DC, Addoum B, Vulturar R, Chis A, Suharoschi R, Soukri A, El Khalfi B. Insights on Health and Food Applications of Equus asinus (Donkey) Milk Bioactive Proteins and Peptides-An Overview. Foods 2020; 9:E1302. [PMID: 32942687 PMCID: PMC7555024 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its similarity with human milk and its low allergenic properties, donkey milk has long been used as an alternative for infants and patients with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). In addition, this milk is attracting growing interest in human nutrition because of presumed health benefits. It has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumoral, antiproliferative and antidiabetic activity. In addition, it stimulates the immune system, regulates the gastrointestinal flora, and prevents inflammatory diseases. Although all donkey milk components can contribute to functional and nutritional effects, it is generally accepted that the whey protein fraction plays a significant role. This review aims to highlight the active proteins and peptides of donkey milk in comparison with other types of milk, emphasizing their properties and their roles in different fields of health and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Derdak
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Health and Biotechnology Research Centre, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Maarif B.P 5366, Casablanca, Morocco; (R.D.); (S.S.); (B.A.); (A.S.); (B.E.K.)
| | - Souraya Sakoui
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Health and Biotechnology Research Centre, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Maarif B.P 5366, Casablanca, Morocco; (R.D.); (S.S.); (B.A.); (A.S.); (B.E.K.)
| | - Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.L.P.); (C.I.M.); (D.C.V.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Ioana Muresan
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.L.P.); (C.I.M.); (D.C.V.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.L.P.); (C.I.M.); (D.C.V.)
- Food Biotechnology and Molecular Gastronomy, CDS7, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Boutaina Addoum
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Health and Biotechnology Research Centre, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Maarif B.P 5366, Casablanca, Morocco; (R.D.); (S.S.); (B.A.); (A.S.); (B.E.K.)
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, ‘Iuliu Hațieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babeș, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adina Chis
- Department of Molecular Sciences, ‘Iuliu Hațieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babeș, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ramona Suharoschi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.L.P.); (C.I.M.); (D.C.V.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Abdelaziz Soukri
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Health and Biotechnology Research Centre, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Maarif B.P 5366, Casablanca, Morocco; (R.D.); (S.S.); (B.A.); (A.S.); (B.E.K.)
| | - Bouchra El Khalfi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Molecular Genetics & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Health and Biotechnology Research Centre, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Maarif B.P 5366, Casablanca, Morocco; (R.D.); (S.S.); (B.A.); (A.S.); (B.E.K.)
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α-Lactalbumin, Amazing Calcium-Binding Protein. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091210. [PMID: 32825311 PMCID: PMC7565966 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) is a small (Mr 14,200), acidic (pI 4–5), Ca2+-binding protein. α-LA is a regulatory component of lactose synthase enzyme system functioning in the lactating mammary gland. The protein possesses a single strong Ca2+-binding site, which can also bind Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+, K+, and some other metal cations. It contains several distinct Zn2+-binding sites. Physical properties of α-LA strongly depend on the occupation of its metal binding sites by metal ions. In the absence of bound metal ions, α-LA is in the molten globule-like state. The binding of metal ions, and especially of Ca2+, increases stability of α-LA against the action of heat, various denaturing agents and proteases, while the binding of Zn2+ to the Ca2+-loaded protein decreases its stability and causes its aggregation. At pH 2, the protein is in the classical molten globule state. α-LA can associate with membranes at neutral or slightly acidic pH at physiological temperatures. Depending on external conditions, α-LA can form amyloid fibrils, amorphous aggregates, nanoparticles, and nanotubes. Some of these aggregated states of α-LA can be used in practical applications such as drug delivery to tissues and organs. α-LA and some of its fragments possess bactericidal and antiviral activities. Complexes of partially unfolded α-LA with oleic acid are cytotoxic to various tumor and bacterial cells. α-LA in the cytotoxic complexes plays a role of a delivery carrier of cytotoxic fatty acid molecules into tumor and bacterial cells across the cell membrane. Perhaps in the future the complexes of α-LA with oleic acid will be used for development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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15
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Pedersen JN, Frislev HKS, Pedersen JS, Otzen D. Structures and mechanisms of formation of liprotides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140505. [PMID: 32721568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins form complexes called liprotides with oleic acid and other cis-fatty acids under conditions where the protein is partially unfolded. The complexes vary in structure depending on the ratio of protein and lipid, but the most common structural organization is the core-shell structure, in which a layer of dynamic, partially unfolded and extended proteins surrounds a micelle-like fatty acid core. This structure, first reported for α-lactalbumin together with OA, resembles complexes formed between proteins and anionic surfactants like SDS. Liprotides first rose to fame through their anti-carcinogenic properties which still remains promising for topical applications though not yet implemented in the clinic. In addition, liprotides show potential in drug delivery thanks to the ability of the micelle core to solubilize and stabilize hydrophobic compounds, though applications are challenged by their sensitivity to acidic pH and dynamic exchange of lipids which makes them easy prey for serum "hoovers" such as albumin. However, liprotides are also of fundamental interest as a generic "protein complex structure", demonstrating the many and varied structural consequences of protein-lipid interactions. Here we provide an overview of the different types of liprotide complexes, ranging from quasi-native complexes via core-shell structures to multi-layer structures, and discuss the many conditions under which they form. Given the many variable types of complexes that can form, rigorous biophysical analysis (stoichiometry, shape and structure of the complexes) remains crucial for a complete understanding of the mechanisms of action of this fascinating group of protein-lipid complexes both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henriette Kristina Søster Frislev
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Novo Nordisk, Hallas Alle 1, DK-4400 Kalundborg, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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16
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Krajewska M, Dopierała K, Prochaska K. Lipid-Protein Interactions in Langmuir Monolayers under Dynamically Varied Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 124:302-311. [PMID: 31825621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the Langmuir monolayer technique, a single layer of molecules is formed on a water subphase. This approach was used to mimic the antitumoricidal lipid-protein complex of oleic acid and bovine α-lactalbumin called the BAMLET complex. Our previous studies have shown that at the interface, the BAMLET complex is stabilized by the hydrophobic forces supported by the hydrogen bonds. This study provides an insight into the influence of calcium ions and the experimental conditions (temperature and subphase pH) on the stability of the complex at the interface. The Langmuir technique was expanded using a dosing pump to exchange the subphase and deliver additional substances to the system. We investigated the interactions between oleic acid monolayer and α-lactalbumin in the presence of Ca2+ in the bulk and the effect of varied experimental conditions on the complex stability. The role of calcium ions in this system is important because (in addition to low pH and relatively high temperature) it affects the conformational changes within the protein molecule and facilitates the transition of α-lactalbumin into the molten globule state. A partially unfolded state is required to form the BAMLET complex. We found that the mixed monolayer spread at the interface is stable despite drastic changes in the process conditions and remains stable even after the subphase exchange. This study of molecular interactions explored by the Langmuir technique with peristaltic pump enabled to understand the role of Ca2+ in BAMLET complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Krajewska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering , Poznan University of Technology , Berdychowo 4 , 60-965 Poznań , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dopierała
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering , Poznan University of Technology , Berdychowo 4 , 60-965 Poznań , Poland
| | - Krystyna Prochaska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering , Poznan University of Technology , Berdychowo 4 , 60-965 Poznań , Poland
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17
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El-Fakharany EM, Redwan EM. Protein-lipid complexes: molecular structure, current scenarios and mechanisms of cytotoxicity. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36890-36906. [PMID: 35539089 PMCID: PMC9075609 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some natural proteins can be complexed with oleic acid (OA) to form an active protein-lipid formulation that can induce tumor-selective apoptosis. The first explored protein was human milk α-lactalbumin (α-LA), called HAMLET when composed with OA in antitumor form. Several groups have prepared active protein-lipid complexes using a variety of approaches, all of which depend on target protein destabilization or direct OA-protein incubation to alter pH to acid or alkaline condition. In addition to performing vital roles in inflammatory processes and immune responses, fatty acids can disturb different metabolic pathways and cellular signals. Therefore, the tumoricidal action of these complexes is related to OA rather than the protein that keeps OA in solution and acts as a vehicle for transferring OA molecules to tumor cells. However, other studies have suggested that the antitumor efficacy of these complexes was exerted by both protein and OA together. The potential is not limited to the anti-tumor activity of protein-lipid complexes but extends to other functions such as bactericidal activity. The protein shell enhances the solubility and stability of the bound fatty acid. These protein-lipid complexes are promising candidates for fighting various cancer types and managing bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg EL-Arab 21934 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg EL-Arab 21934 Alexandria Egypt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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18
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Cytochrome c: An extreme multifunctional protein with a key role in cell fate. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:1237-1246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Oleic acid (OA) is a monounsaturated fatty acid that upon binding to milk proteins, such as α-lactalbumin and lactoferrin, forms potent complexes, which exert selective anti-tumor activity against malignant cells but are nontoxic for healthy normal cells. We showed that the interaction of OA with albumins isolated from human, bovine, and camel milk results in the formation of complexes with high antitumor activity against Caco-2, HepG-2, PC-3, and MCF-7 tumor cells. The antitumor effect of the complexes is mostly due to the action of oleic acid, similar to the case of OA complexes with other proteins. Viability of tumor cells is inhibited by the albumin-OA complexes in a dose dependent manner, as evaluated by the MTT assay. Strong induction of apoptosis in tumor cells after their treatment with the complexes was monitored by flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis, nuclear staining, and DNA fragmentation methods. The complex of camel albumin with OA displayed the most pronounced anti-tumor effects in comparison with the complexes of OA with human and bovine albumins. Therefore, these results suggest that albumins have the potential to be used as efficient and low cost means of tumor treatment.
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20
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Krajewska M, Dopierała K, Weiss M, Prochaska K. Temperature, pH, and Molecular Packing Effects on the Penetration of Oleic Acid Monolayer by α-Lactalbumin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3183-3193. [PMID: 30706714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported on the interfacial behavior of mixed oleic acid (OA)-α-lactalbumin monolayer and its relevance in the formation of tumoricidal HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells)-like complex. This complex is probably formed in the gastrointestinal tract, but it has not been proved so far. The molecular base and the underlying physicochemical forces leading to such complexation remain to be known as well. There are also several other issues related with the complex stoichiometry that need to be fully explained. This study provides insight into the mechanism of temperature, pH, and physical state of monolayer-dependent binding of OA by the milk protein- apo-α-lactalbumin. Using the Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett approaches, we investigated the interactions between the OA monolayer and the apo-bovine α-lactalbumin (BLA III) at different pH, temperatures, and molecular packing. We found that the most favorable conditions for the formation of mixed OA-BLA III film are relevant to the gastric environment. The stabilization of OA-BLA III at the interface is associated with the conformational changes of protein in the presence of fatty acids induced by low pH and high temperature in the expanded monolayer. Our approach helps to understand the molecular mechanism of HAMLET/bovine α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Krajewska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering , Poznan University of Technology , Berdychowo 4 , 60-965 Poznań , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dopierała
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering , Poznan University of Technology , Berdychowo 4 , 60-965 Poznań , Poland
| | - Marek Weiss
- Institute of Physics , Poznan University of Technology , Piotrowo 3 , 60-965 Poznań , Poland
| | - Krystyna Prochaska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering , Poznan University of Technology , Berdychowo 4 , 60-965 Poznań , Poland
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21
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Dopierała K, Krajewska M, Prochaska K. Binding of α-lactalbumin to oleic acid monolayer and its relevance to formation of HAMLET-like complexes. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Uversky VN, El-Fakharany EM, Abu-Serie MM, Almehdar HA, Redwan EM. Divergent Anticancer Activity of Free and Formulated Camel Milk α-Lactalbumin. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:610-623. [PMID: 28949782 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1373783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA), a small milk calcium-binding globular protein, is known to possess noticeable anticancer activity, which is determined by the ability of this protein to form complexes with oleic acid (OA). To date, in addition to human and bovine α-LA, the ability to form such anti-tumor complexes with OA was described for goat and camel α-LA. Although the mechanisms of the anticancer activity of human and bovine α-LA are already well-studied, little is currently known about the anticancer action of this camel protein. The goal of this study was to fill this gap and to analyze the anticancer and pro-apoptotic activities of camel α-LA in its free form (α-cLA) and as an OA-containing complex (OA-α-cLA) using four human cancer cell lines, including Caco-2 colon cancer cells, PC-3 prostate cancer cells, HepG-2 hepatoma cells, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells as targets. The anti-tumor activities of OA-α-cLA and α-cLA were analyzed using MTT test, annexin/PI staining, cell cycle analysis, nuclear staining, and tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibition methods. We show here that the OA-α-cLA complex does not affect normal cells but has noticeable anti-cancer activity, especially against MCF-7 cells, thus boosting the anticancer activity of α-cLA and improving the selectivity of OA. The OA-α-cLA complex mediated cancer cell death via selective induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest at lower IC50 than that of free α-cLA by more than two folds. However, OA induced apoptosis at higher extent than OA-α-cLA and α-cLA. OA also caused unselective apoptosis-dependent cell death in both normal and cancer cells to a similar degree. The apoptosis and cell-cycle arresting effect of OA-α-cLA may be attributed to the TK inhibition activity of OA. Therefore, OA-α-cLA serves as efficient anticancer complex with two functional components, α-cLA and OA, possessing different activities. This study declared the effectiveness of OA-α-cLA complex as a promising entity with anticancer activity, and these formulated OA-camel protein complexes constitute an auspicious approach for cancer remedy, particularly for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.,b Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino , Moscow region , Russia.,c Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute , Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- d Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute , City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City) , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- e Medical Biotechnology Department , Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City) , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Hussein A Almehdar
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.,d Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute , City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City) , Alexandria , Egypt
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Role of Proteins and of Some Bioactive Peptides on the Nutritional Quality of Donkey Milk and Their Impact on Human Health. BEVERAGES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages3030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sharp JA, Brennan AJ, Polekhina G, Ascher DB, Lefevre C, Nicholas KR. Dimeric but not monomeric α-lactalbumin potentiates apoptosis by up regulation of ATF3 and reduction of histone deacetylase activity in primary and immortalised cells. Cell Signal 2017; 33:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Augmenting the cytotoxicity of oleic acid-protein complexes: Potential of target-specific antibodies. Biochimie 2017; 137:139-146. [PMID: 28341551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
HAMLET (Human Alpha-Lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells), a complex of oleic acid (OA) with partially unfolded human α-lactalbumin, shows remarkable toxicity towards a spectrum of tumor cells as well as few differentiated cells including mammalian erythrocytes. Human erythrocytes, for this reason, have been used as convenient model cells to study toxic properties of the OA complexes. The toxicity of HAMLET-like complexes, prepared using immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) isolated from the sera of rabbits immunized with human erythrocytes as well as those unimmunized, towards the red cells was investigated. The OA complex of the IgG prepared by the heat-treatment procedure comprised of protein monomers and oligomers with bound OA. The IgG in the complexes retained most secondary but only partial tertiary structure and complex formation with OA did not abolish the ability of anti-erythrocyte IgG to bind to the erythrocytes. Anti-erythrocyte IgG-OA complexes were remarkably more hemolytic than those prepared using non-specific IgG, while complexes prepared using affinity purified anti-erythrocyte IgG were most effective in hemolyzing the cells. The work suggests that antibodies that exhibit affinity towards target cells may be useful in the preparation of selective and highly toxic OA complexes for the cells.
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Ho JC, Nadeem A, Svanborg C. HAMLET – A protein-lipid complex with broad tumoricidal activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:454-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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A Characeae Cells Plasma Membrane as a Model for Selection of Bioactive Compounds and Drugs: Interaction of HAMLET-Like Complexes with Ion Channels of Chara corallina Cells Plasmalemma. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:801-811. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kim KH, Yun S, Mok KH, Lee EK. Thermodynamic analysis of ANS binding to partially unfolded α-lactalbumin: correlation of endothermic to exothermic changeover with formation of authentic molten globules. J Mol Recognit 2016; 29:446-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyung Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering; Hanyang University - ERICA; Ansan Korea
| | - Soi Yun
- Department of Bionano Engineering; Hanyang University - ERICA; Ansan Korea
| | - K. H. Mok
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI); School of Immunology and Biochemistry; Dublin 2 Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN); Trinity College, The University of Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - E. K. Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering; Hanyang University - ERICA; Ansan Korea
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Abstract
Milk represents a unique resource for translational medicine: It contains a rich pool of biologically active molecules with demonstrated clinical benefits. The ongoing characterization of the mechanistic process through which milk components promote development and immunity has revealed numerous milk-derived compounds with potential applications as clinical therapies in infectious and inflammatory disease, cancer, and other conditions. Lactoferrin is an effective antimicrobial and antiviral agent in high-risk patient populations and a potentially potent adjuvant to chemotherapy in lung cancer. Enteric nutrition formulas supplemented with transforming growth factor β, a milk cytokine, have been shown to promote remission in pediatric Crohn's disease. A number of milk glycans, including human milk oligosaccharides, show promise in preclinical studies as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. While active preclinical investigations of human milk may soon result in large-scale production of human milk molecules, bovine milk components in many instances represent a practical source of bioactive milk compounds for use in clinical trials. This review summarizes current efforts to translate the compounds derived from human and bovine milk into effective clinical therapies. These efforts suggest a common pathway for the translation of milk-derived compounds into clinical applications.
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Hoque M, Gupta J, Rabbani G, Khan RH, Saleemuddin M. Behaviour of oleic acid-depleted bovine alpha-lactalbumin made LEthal to tumor cells (BAMLET). MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1871-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00905g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oleic acid (OA) complexes of human alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) and several other proteins are effective in the killing of a variety of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Hoque
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
| | - Jyoti Gupta
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
| | - M. Saleemuddin
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
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31
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Park YJ, Kim KH, Lim DW, Lee E. Effects of pH and protein conformation on in-solution complexation between bovine α-lactalbumin and oleic acid: Binding trend analysis by using SPR and ITC. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Harte NP, Klyubin I, McCarthy EK, Min S, Garrahy SA, Xie Y, Davey GP, Boland JJ, Rowan MJ, Mok KH. Amyloid Oligomers and Mature Fibrils Prepared from an Innocuous Protein Cause Diverging Cellular Death Mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26221033 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.676072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances, the molecular identity of the cytotoxic species populated during in vivo amyloid formation crucial for the understanding of neurodegenerative disorders is yet to be revealed. In this study lysozyme prefibrillar oligomers and fibrils in both mature and sonicated states have been isolated through an optimized ultrafiltration/ultracentrifugation method and characterized with various optical spectroscopic techniques, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. We examined their level and mode of toxicity on rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in both differentiated and undifferentiated states. We find that oligomers and fibrils display cytotoxic capabilities toward cultured cells in vitro, with oligomers producing elevated levels of cellular injury toward undifferentiated PC12 cells (PC12(undiff)). Furthermore, dual flow cytometry staining experiments demonstrate that the oligomers and mature fibrils induce divergent cellular death pathways (apoptosis and secondary necrosis, respectively) in these PC12 cells. We have also shown that oligomers but not sonicated mature fibrils inhibit hippocampal long term potentiation, a form of synaptic plasticity implicated in learning and memory, in vivo. We conclude that our in vitro and in vivo findings confer a level of resistance toward amyloid fibrils, and that the PC 12-based comparative cytotoxicity assay can provide insights into toxicity differences between differently aggregated protein species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Níal P Harte
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eoin K McCarthy
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Soyoung Min
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah Ann Garrahy
- TCIN, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yongjing Xie
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin P Davey
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; TCIN, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John J Boland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael J Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - K Hun Mok
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Porter E, Ma DC, Alvarez S, Faull KF. Antimicrobial lipids: Emerging effector molecules of innate host defense. World J Immunol 2015; 5:51-61. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of host derived lipids have become increasingly recognized and evidence is mounting that antimicrobial lipids (AMLs), like antimicrobial peptides, are effector molecules of the innate immune system and are regulated by its conserved pathways. This review, with primary focus on the human body, provides some background on the biochemistry of lipids, summarizes their biological functions, expands on their antimicrobial properties and site-specific composition, presents modes of synergism with antimicrobial peptides, and highlights the more recent reports on the regulation of AML production as well as bacterial resistance mechanisms. Based on extant data a concept of innate epithelial defense is proposed where epithelial cells, in response to microbial products and proinflammatory cytokines and through activation of conserved innate signaling pathways, increase their lipid uptake and up-regulate transcription of enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis, and induce transcription of antimicrobial peptides as well as cytokines and chemokines. The subsequently secreted antimicrobial peptides and lipids then attack and eliminate the invader, assisted by or in synergism with other antimicrobial molecules delivered by other defense cells that have been recruited to the site of infection, in most of the cases. This review invites reconsideration of the interpretation of cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophage lipid droplets in response to infection as a solely proinflammatory event, and proposes a direct antimicrobial role of lipid droplet- associated cholesteryl esters. Finally, for the interested, but new- to- the-field investigator some starting points for the characterization of AMLs are provided. Before it is possible to utilize AMLs for anti-infectious therapeutic and prophylactic approaches, we need to better understand pathogen responses to these lipids and their role in the pathogenesis of chronic infectious disease.
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Mahanta S, Paul S. Bovine α-lactalbumin functionalized graphene oxide nano-sheet exhibits enhanced biocompatibility: A rational strategy for graphene-based targeted cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015. [PMID: 26196090 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide nanosheet (GOns) with sharp edges was synthesized using controlled pyrolysis of citric acid. Scanning electron, as well as atomic force microscopy of the sample confirmed the formation of multilayered GOns with an average sheet length of 150 nm. X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectra also confirmed the formation of GOns. Furthermore, GOns was successfully functionalized (FGOns) by cross-linking with a small protein bovine α-lactalbumin (BLA). The crosslinking of protein with GOns in FGOns was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, and the conformational change of BLA was observed by fluorescence, as well as circular dichroism spectroscopy. When applied to human erythrocytes, GOns demonstrated profound hemolysis; however, such hemolytic effect was drastically reduced by FGOns. To evaluate the potential biomedical application of FGOns, the cytotoxicity of the sample was also assessed. The administration of both GOns and FGOns in breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 demonstrated more than 88% cell death within 24 h and such cytotoxicity against cancer cells was caused due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as revealed from the N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, a ROS-inhibitor)-based assay. FGOns demonstrated excellent biocompatibility against normal cells such as HaCaT and 3T3 compared to GOns that demonstrated dose-dependent toxicity. Moreover, FGOns demonstrated more efficient cellular uptake than GOns by cancer cells. Therefore, our present study demonstrated that the functionalization of GOns using small protein could improve its biocompatibility multifold and such strategy might represent wide opportunity to use GO like nanomaterial safely in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailendra Mahanta
- Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Subhankar Paul
- Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Delgado Y, Morales-Cruz M, Figueroa CM, Hernández-Román J, Hernández G, Griebenow K. The cytotoxicity of BAMLET complexes is due to oleic acid and independent of the α-lactalbumin component. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:397-404. [PMID: 26101738 PMCID: PMC4430638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized three different BAMLET complexes consisting of oleic acid coupled to bovine α-lactalbumin. Oleic acid micelles alone are tumoricidal at equimolar concentrations of oleic acid bound in the BAMLET complexes. α-Lactalbumin is non-toxic to cells even when delivered to their cytoplasm. Both, BAMLET and oleic acid micelles showed no selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells.
Lipid–protein complexes comprised of oleic acid (OA) non-covalently coupled to human/bovine α-lactalbumin, named HAMLET/BAMLET, display cytotoxic properties against cancer cells. However, there is still a substantial debate about the role of the protein in these complexes. To shed light into this, we obtained three different BAMLET complexes using varying synthesis conditions. Our data suggest that to form active BAMLET particles, OA has to reach critical micelle concentration with an approximate diameter of 250 nm. Proteolysis experiments on BAMLET show that OA protects the protein and is probably located on the surface, consistent with a micelle-like structure. Native or unfolded α-lactalbumin without OA lacked any tumoricidal activity. In contrast, OA alone killed cancer cells with the same efficiency at equimolar concentrations as its formulation as BAMLET. Our data show unequivocally that the cytotoxicity of the BAMLET complex is exclusively due to OA and that OA alone, when formulated as a micelle, is as toxic as the BAMLET complex. The contradictory literature results on the cytotoxicity of BAMLET might be explained by our finding that it was imperative to sonicate the samples to obtain toxic OA.
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Key Words
- BAMLET
- BAMLET, bovine α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells
- Cancer therapy
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FA, fatty acid
- Fatty acid
- FoA, folic acid
- HAMLET
- HAMLET, human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells
- MTS, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium
- NP, nanoparticles
- OA, oleic acid
- Oleic acid
- PMS, phenazine methosulfate
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- α-LA, α-lactalbumin
- α-Lactalbumin
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamixa Delgado
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
| | - Moraima Morales-Cruz
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
| | - Cindy M. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
| | - José Hernández-Román
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
| | - Glinda Hernández
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
| | - Kai Griebenow
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico. Tel.: +1 (787) 764 0000x7374; fax: +1 (787) 756 8242.
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Hoque M, Nanduri R, Gupta J, Mahajan S, Gupta P, Saleemuddin M. Oleic acid complex of bovine α-lactalbumin induces eryptosis in human and other erythrocytes by a Ca(2+)-independent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1729-39. [PMID: 25913522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complexes of oleic acid (OA) with milk α-lactalbumin, received remarkable attention in view of their selective toxicity towards a spectrum of tumors during the last two decades. OA complexes of some structurally related/unrelated proteins are also tumoricidal. Erythrocytes are among the few differentiated cells that are sensitive and undergo hemolysis when exposed to the complexes. METHODS The effects of OA complex of bovine α-lactalbumin (Bovine Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells, BAMLET) on human, goat and chicken erythrocytes on calcein leakage, phosphatidylserine exposure, morphological changes and hemolysis were studied by confocal microscopy, FACS analysis, scanning electron microscopy and measuring hemoglobin release. RESULTS Erythrocytes exposed to BAMLET undergo eryptosis-like alterations as revealed by calcein leakage, surface phosphatidylserine exposure and transformation to echinocytes at low concentrations and hemolysis when the concentration of the complex was raised. Ca(2+) was not essential and restricted the alterations when included in the medium. The BAMLET-induced alterations in human erythrocytes were prevented by the cation channel inhibitors, amiloride and BaCl2 but not by inhibitors of thiol proteases, sphingomyelinase and by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. CONCLUSIONS The work shows for the first time that low concentrations of BAMLET induces eryptosis in erythrocytes by a novel mechanism not requiring Ca(2+) and hemolysis by detergent-like action by the released OA at higher concentrations. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study points out to the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity of OA complexes of α-lactalbumin and other proteins towards erythrocytes and other differentiated cells before being considered for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Hoque
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | | - Jyoti Gupta
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - M Saleemuddin
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Kaspersen JD, Pedersen JN, Hansted JG, Nielsen SB, Sakthivel S, Wilhelm K, Nemashkalova EL, Permyakov SE, Permyakov EA, Pinto Oliveira CL, Morozova-Roche LA, Otzen DE, Pedersen JS. Generic structures of cytotoxic liprotides: nano-sized complexes with oleic acid cores and shells of disordered proteins. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2693-702. [PMID: 25403886 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic complex formed between α-lactalbumin and oleic acid (OA) has inspired many studies on protein-fatty acid complexes, but structural insight remains sparse. After having used small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to obtain structural information, we present a new, generic structural model of cytotoxic protein-oleic acid complexes, which we have termed liprotides (lipids and partially denatured proteins). Twelve liprotides formed from seven structurally unrelated proteins and prepared by different procedures all displayed core-shell structures, each with a micellar OA core and a shell consisting of flexible, partially unfolded protein, which stabilizes the OA micelle. The common structure explains similar effects exerted on cells by different liprotides and is consistent with a cargo off-loading of the OA into cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn D Kaspersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C (Denmark)
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Formation of cytotoxic α-lactalbumin / sodium oleate complexes: Concentration and temperature effects. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang KL, Liu CL, Zhuang Y, Qu HY. Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4733-7. [PMID: 24083735 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.8.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous observational epidemiological studies have evaluated associations between breastfeeding and the risk of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma; however, the existing results are inconsistent. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Medical literature was searched in the Pubmed and Embase databases to identify all English-language relevant studies up to April 10, 2013. Reference lists were thereafter hand-searched for additional articles. Studies that reported relative risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were included. This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the guidelines for the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology. RESULTS We finally included 10 case-control studies in our meta-analysis, involving 1,618 childhood Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 8,181 controls. Overall, we did found a borderline significant association between breastfeeding and reduced risk of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma comparing ever breastfed children to never breastfed children (pooled OR =0.79; 95%CI, 0.58-1.08; P=0.13), with limited evidence for between-study heterogeneity (P =0.12, I2 = 35.70%). CONCLUSION There is limited evidence for an inverse association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Lai Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China E-mail :
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Litwińczuk A, Ryu SR, Nafie LA, Lee JW, Kim HI, Jung YM, Czarnik-Matusewicz B. The transition from the native to the acid-state characterized by multi-spectroscopy approach: study for the holo-form of bovine α-lactalbumin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:593-606. [PMID: 24389233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The transition of the holo-form of bovine α-lactalbumin from the native (N) to the pH-generated acidic-state (A-state) was analyzed by probing its tertiary and secondary structure using a concerted spectroscopic approach combining near- and far-UV circular dichroism (CD), electrospray ionization ion mobility mass spectrometry (ESI-IM-MS), vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) and transmission (TR) modes. The spectroscopic results, which relied on the interaction of an electromagnetic field with different molecular targets, confirmed the decay of extensive rigid side-chain packing interactions during the pH-induced N→A-state transition and revealed the targets' dependence on secondary structural changes. Independent analyses of the spectral changes using two methods of multivariate analysis, such as principal component analysis and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, revealed small but significant differences in the secondary structure as a result of the all-or-none transition. The cooperativity of the transition was quantitatively described using values corresponding to the mid-point (tm) and width of the transition (Δtm). The averages of the two parameters, calculated using the data collected by the different probes, were equal to 3.5±0.2 and 0.6±0.1(SE), respectively. The variable two-state nature of the cooperative N→A-state transition confirmed that the protonation of the side chain carboxyl groups on the Asp and Glu residues and that the release of a Ca(2+) ion induced structural changes on both the secondary and tertiary levels. The changes have been confirmed by results obtained from the concerted spectroscopic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Litwińczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Soo Ryeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurence A Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Jong Wha Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea; Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Kehoe JJ, Brodkorb A. Interactions between sodium oleate and α-lactalbumin: The effect of temperature and concentration on complex formation. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Clementi EA, Wilhelm KR, Schleucher J, Morozova-Roche LA, Hakansson AP. A complex of equine lysozyme and oleic acid with bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80649. [PMID: 24260444 PMCID: PMC3832479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HAMLET and ELOA are complexes consisting of oleic acid and two homologous, yet functionally different, proteins with cytotoxic activities against mammalian cells, with HAMLET showing higher tumor cells specificity, possibly due to the difference in propensity for oleic acid binding, as HAMLET binds 5-8 oleic acid molecules per protein molecule and ELOA binds 11-48 oleic acids. HAMLET has been shown to possess bactericidal activity against a number of bacterial species, particularly those with a respiratory tropism, with Streptococcus pneumoniae displaying the greatest degree of sensitivity. We show here that ELOA also displays bactericidal activity against pneumococci, which at lower concentrations shows mechanistic similarities to HAMLET’s bactericidal activity. ELOA binds to S. pneumoniae and causes perturbations of the plasma membrane, including depolarization and subsequent rupture, and activates an influx of calcium into the cells. Selective inhibition of calcium channels and sodium/calcium exchange activity significantly diminished ELOA’s bactericidal activity, similar to what we have observed with HAMLET. Finally, ELOA-induced death was also accompanied by DNA fragmentation into high molecular weight fragments – an apoptosis-like morphological phenotype that is seen during HAMLET-induced death. Thus, in contrast to different mechanisms of eukaryote cell death induced by ELOA and HAMLET, these complexes are characterized by rather similar activities towards bacteria. Although the majority of these events could be mimicked using oleic acid alone, the concentrations of oleic acid required were significantly higher than those present in the ELOA complex, and for some assays, the results were not identical between oleic acid alone and the ELOA complex. This indicates that the lipid, as a common denominator in both complexes, is an important component for the complexes’ bactericidal activities, while the proteins are required both to solubilize and/or present the lipid at the bacterial membrane and likely to confer other and separate functions during the bacterial death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Clementi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Kristina R. Wilhelm
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Schleucher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders P. Hakansson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- The New York Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AH); (LMR)
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Cytotoxicity of bovine α-lactalbumin: Oleic acid complexes correlates with the disruption of lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2691-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Brandtzaeg P. Immune aspects of breast milk: an overview. HANDBOOK OF DIETARY AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN BREAST MILK 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-764-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Brandtzaeg
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo and Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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Hoque M, Dave S, Gupta P, Saleemuddin M. Oleic acid may be the key contributor in the BAMLET-induced erythrocyte hemolysis and tumoricidal action. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68390. [PMID: 24039698 PMCID: PMC3770648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A chance discovery of the tumoricidal action of a human milk fraction led to the characterization of the active component as oleic acid complex of the α-lactalbumin, which was given the acronym HAMLET. We report in this study that the oleic acid complex of bovine α-lactalbumin (BAMLET) is hemolytic to human erythrocytes as well as to those derived from some other mammals. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis suggested binding of BAMLET to erythrocytes prior to induction of hemolysis. Free OA was hemolytic albeit at higher concentrations, while sodium oleate caused hemolysis at far lower concentrations. Amiloride and BaCl2 offered protection against BAMLET-induced hemolysis suggesting the involvement of a cation leak channel in the process. BAMLET coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose was not only hemolytic but also tumoricidal to Jurkat and MCF-7 cells in culture. The Sepharose-linked preparation was however not toxic to non-cancerous peritoneal macrophages and primary adipocytes. The tumoricidal action was studied using the MTT-assay while apoptosis induction measured by the annexin V-propidium iodide assay. Repeated incubation of the immobilized BAMLET with erythrocytes depleted oleic acid and decreased the hemolytic activity of the complex. Incubation of MCF-7 and Jurkat cells with OA, soluble or immobilized BAMLET resulted in increase in the uptake of Lyso Tracker Red and Nile red by the cells. The data presented support the contention that oleic acid plays the key role, both in BAMLET-induced hemolysis and tumoricidal action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Hoque
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sandeep Dave
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
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The biological activities of protein/oleic acid complexes reside in the fatty acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1125-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nakamura T, Aizawa T, Kariya R, Okada S, Demura M, Kawano K, Makabe K, Kuwajima K. Molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) and other protein-oleic acid complexes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14408-14416. [PMID: 23580643 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.437889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells), a complex formed by human α-lactalbumin and oleic acid, has a unique apoptotic activity for the selective killing of tumor cells, the molecular mechanisms of expression of the HAMLET activity are not well understood. Therefore, we studied the molecular properties of HAMLET and its goat counterpart, GAMLET (goat α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells), by pulse field gradient NMR and 920-MHz two-dimensional NMR techniques. We also examined the expression of HAMLET-like activities of complexes between oleic acid and other proteins that form a stable molten globule state. We observed that both HAMLET and GAMLET at pH 7.5 were heterogeneous, composed of the native protein, the monomeric molten globule-like state, and the oligomeric species. At pH 2.0 and 50 °C, HAMLET and GAMLET appeared in the monomeric state, and we identified the oleic acid-binding site in the complexes by two-dimensional NMR. Rather surprisingly, the binding site thus identified was markedly different between HAMLET and GAMLET. Furthermore, canine milk lysozyme, apo-myoglobin, and β2-microglobulin all formed the HAMLET-like complex with the anti-tumor activity, when the protein was treated with oleic acid under conditions in which their molten globule states were stable. From these results, we conclude that the protein portion of HAMLET, GAMLET, and the other HAMLET-like protein-oleic acid complexes is not the origin of their cytotoxicity to tumor cells and that the protein portion of these complexes plays a role in the delivery of cytotoxic oleic acid molecules into tumor cells across the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kawano
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Koki Makabe
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan; Department of Functional Molecular Science, School of Physical Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kuwajima
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan; Department of Functional Molecular Science, School of Physical Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.
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Brinkmann CR, Thiel S, Otzen DE. Protein-fatty acid complexes: biochemistry, biophysics and function. FEBS J 2013; 280:1733-49. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aarhus University; Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Centre for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Denmark
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Permyakov SE, Knyazeva EL, Khasanova LM, Fadeev RS, Zhadan AP, Roche-Hakansson H, Håkansson AP, Akatov VS, Permyakov EA. Oleic acid is a key cytotoxic component of HAMLET-like complexes. Biol Chem 2013; 393:85-92. [PMID: 22628302 DOI: 10.1515/bc-2011-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
HAMLET is a complex of α-lactalbumin (α-LA) with oleic acid (OA) that selectively kills tumor cells and Streptococcus pneumoniae. To assess the contribution of the proteinaceous component to cytotoxicity of HAMLET, OA complexes with proteins structurally and functionally distinct from α-LA were prepared. Similar to HAMLET, the OA complexes with bovine β-lactoglobulin (bLG) and pike parvalbumin (pPA) (bLG-OA-45 and pPA-OA-45, respectively) induced S. pneumoniae D39 cell death. The activation mechanisms of S. pneumoniae death for these complexes were analogous to those for HAMLET, and the cytotoxicity of the complexes increased with OA content in the preparations. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration for HEp-2 cells linearly decreased with rise in OA content in the preparations, and OA concentration in the preparations causing HEp-2 cell death was close to the cytotoxicity of OA alone. Hence, the cytotoxic action of these complexes against HEp-2 cells is induced mostly by OA. Thermal stabilization of bLG upon association with OA implies that cytotoxicity of bLG-OA-45 complex cannot be ascribed to molten globule-like conformation of the protein component. Overall, the proteinaceous component of HAMLET-like complexes studied is not a prerequisite for their activity; the cytotoxicity of these complexes is mostly due to the action of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei E Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow 142290, Russia.
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Davanzo R, Zauli G, Monasta L, Vecchi Brumatti L, Abate MV, Ventura G, Rimondi E, Secchiero P, Demarini S. Human colostrum and breast milk contain high levels of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). J Hum Lact 2013; 29:23-5. [PMID: 22529245 DOI: 10.1177/0890334412441071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which plays a key role in the immune system as well as in controlling the balance of apoptosis and proliferation in various organs and tissues. OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence and levels of soluble TRAIL in human colostrum and milk. METHODS The levels of soluble human TRAIL were measured in human colostrum (day 2 after delivery) and breast milk (day 5 after delivery). The presence of TRAIL was also measured in infant formula. RESULTS Levels of soluble TRAIL in the colostrum and mature human milk were, respectively, at least 400 and 100 fold higher than those detected in human serum. No TRAIL was detected in formula. CONCLUSION Human soluble TRAIL is present at extremely high levels in human colostrum and human milk and might have a significant role in mediating the anti-cancer activity of human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Davanzo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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