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Shi Z, Zhao M, Wang K, Ma S, Luo H, Han Q, Shi Y. Acidification alleviates the inhibition of hyposaline stress on physiological performance of tropical seagrass Thalassia hemprichii. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116642. [PMID: 38941803 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Since the Industrial Revolution, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations have had a substantial negative impact influence on coastal ecosystems because of direct effects including ocean acidification and indirect effects such as extreme rainfall events. Using a two-factor crossover indoor simulation experiment, this study examined the combined effects of acidification and hyposaline stress on Thalassia hemprichii. Seawater acidification increased the photosynthetic pigment content of T. hemprichii leaves and promoted seagrass growth rate. Hyposaline stress slowed down seagrass growth and had an impact on the osmotic potential and osmoregulatory substance content of seagrass leaves. Acidification and salinity reduction had significant interaction effects on the photosynthesis rate, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and osmotic potential of T. hemprichii, but not on the growth rate. Overall, these findings have shown that the hyposaline stress inhibitory effect on the T. hemprichii physiological performance and growth may be reduced by acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shi
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Muqiu Zhao
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China; Modern Marine Ranching Engineering Research Center of Hainan, Sanya 572022, China; Key Laboratory for Coastal Marine Eco-Environment Process and Carbon Sink of Hainan, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Siyang Ma
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Huijue Luo
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Qiuying Han
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China; Modern Marine Ranching Engineering Research Center of Hainan, Sanya 572022, China; Key Laboratory for Coastal Marine Eco-Environment Process and Carbon Sink of Hainan, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Yunfeng Shi
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China; Modern Marine Ranching Engineering Research Center of Hainan, Sanya 572022, China; Key Laboratory for Coastal Marine Eco-Environment Process and Carbon Sink of Hainan, Sanya 572022, China.
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2
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Capó-Bauçà S, Iñiguez C, Galmés J. The diversity and coevolution of Rubisco and CO 2 concentrating mechanisms in marine macrophytes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2353-2365. [PMID: 38197185 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The kinetic properties of Rubisco, the most important carbon-fixing enzyme, have been assessed in a small fraction of the estimated existing biodiversity of photosynthetic organisms. Until recently, one of the most significant gaps of knowledge in Rubisco kinetics was marine macrophytes, an ecologically relevant group including brown (Ochrophyta), red (Rhodophyta) and green (Chlorophyta) macroalgae and seagrasses (Streptophyta). These organisms express various Rubisco types and predominantly possess CO2 -concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), which facilitate the use of bicarbonate for photosynthesis. Since bicarbonate is the most abundant form of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater, CCMs allow marine macrophytes to overcome the slow gas diffusion and low CO2 availability in this environment. The present review aims to compile and integrate recent findings on the biochemical diversity of Rubisco and CCMs in the main groups of marine macrophytes. The Rubisco kinetic data provided demonstrate a more relaxed relationship among catalytic parameters than previously reported, uncovering a variability in Rubisco catalysis that has been hidden by a bias in the literature towards terrestrial vascular plants. The compiled data indicate the existence of convergent evolution between Rubisco and biophysical CCMs across the polyphyletic groups of marine macrophytes and suggest a potential role for oxygen in shaping such relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Capó-Bauçà
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Concepción Iñiguez
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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3
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Soru S, Berlino M, Sarà G, Mangano MC, De Vittor C, Pusceddu A. Effects of acidification on the biogeochemistry of unvegetated and seagrass marine sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115983. [PMID: 38277962 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Many studies addressed ocean acidification (OA) effects on marine life, whereas its effects on sedimentary organic matter (OM) have received less attention. We investigated differences in OM features in sediments from unvegetated and seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) beds in a shallow hydrothermal area (Aeolian Archipelago, Mediterranean Sea), under natural (8.1-8.0) and acidified (7.8-7.9) conditions. We show that a pH difference of -0.3 units have minor effects on OM features in unvegetated sediments, but relevant consequences within acidified seagrass meadows, where OM quantity and nutritional quality are lower than those under natural pH conditions. Effects of acidified conditions on OM biogeochemistry vary between unvegetated and seagrass sediments, with lower C degradation rates and longer C turnover time in the former than in the latter. We conclude that OA, although with effects not consistent between unvegetated and vegetated sediments, can affect OM quantity, composition, and degradation, thus having possible far-reaching consequences for benthic trophic webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina Soru
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Manuel Berlino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Cinzia De Vittor
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, 34010 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Antonio Pusceddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy.
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Liu S, Liang J, Jiang Z, Li J, Wu Y, Fang Y, Ren Y, Zhang X, Huang X, Macreadie PI. Temporal and spatial variations of air-sea CO 2 fluxes and their key influence factors in seagrass meadows of Hainan Island, South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168684. [PMID: 37981158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass ecosystems have received a great deal of attention for contributing to uptake of atmospheric CO2, and thereby helping to mitigate global climate change ('blue carbon'). Carbon budgets for seagrass ecosystems are developed by estimating air-sea CO2 fluxes. Data for air-sea CO2 flux for tropical seagrass ecosystems are lacking, which is problematic for constraining global seagrass carbon budgets. Here, we sought to address this important data gap for tropical seagrass ecosystems (dominated by Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides) from the Hainan Island of South China Sea, while also testing what the main factors driving the variations of air-sea CO2 fluxes are. We found that air-sea CO2 fluxes exhibited a U-shape diurnal variability from 6 a.m. to 6 a.m. of the next day, with the highest and lowest air-sea CO2 fluxes values at early morning and afternoon, respectively. Biological processes were the driving force for mediating diurnal variations of seawater pCO2. The pCO2, sea in different seasons displayed a trend of increasing from spring, reaching maximum in summer and then a decreasing trend after summer, where water temperature, wind speed and seagrass growth mainly drove the variations. This resulted in net uptake of CO2 in all seasons except during summer in our study seagrass ecosystems, with greater negative values found in autumn (-3.63 ± 0.76 mmol m-2 d-1) than those in winter (-2.84 ± 0.60 mmol m-2 d-1). While the nutrient loading induced seagrass biomass changes (especially the seagrass T. hemprichii), which mediated the air-sea CO2 fluxes changes among different seagrass meadows. Net annual CO2 uptake potential under low nutrient loading (-0.77 ± 0.16 mol m-2 yr-1) was 23-54 % greater than high nutrient loading seagrass meadows, with the average annual air-sea CO2 flux of the three seagrass meadows as -0.64 ± 0.13 mol m-2 yr-1. These results suggest that tropical seagrass meadows of Hainan Island are a significant CO2 sink of atmospheric CO2, but this capacity can be diminished by nutrient loading. Scaling up, we estimate the annual atmospheric CO2 uptake by seagrass meadows of Hainan Island (total area 55.28 km2) was 1544 t of CO2 yr-1, equivalent to the annual emissions from the wholesale, retail, accommodation and catering industries of 164,000 tourists in Hainan Island. With carbon neutrality becoming an important part of global climate governance, this study provides timely information for capitalising on the ability of seagrasses to contribute to natural climate solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jiening Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572100, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yuzheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572100, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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Ravaglioli C, De Marchi L, Anselmi S, Dattolo E, Fontanini D, Pretti C, Procaccini G, Rilov G, Renzi M, Silverman J, Bulleri F. Ocean acidification impairs seagrass performance under thermal stress in shallow and deep water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117629. [PMID: 37967703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on seagrasses have been widely investigated, predictions of seagrass performance under future climates need to consider multiple environmental factors. Here, we performed a mesocosm study to assess the effects of OA on shallow and deep Posidonia oceanica plants. The experiment was run in 2021 and repeated in 2022, a year characterized by a prolonged warm water event, to test how the effects of OA on plants are modulated by thermal stress. The response of P. oceanica to experimental conditions was investigated at different levels of biological organization. Under average seawater temperature, there were no effects of OA in both shallow and deep plants, indicating that P. oceanica is not limited by current inorganic carbon concentration, regardless of light availability. In contrast, under thermal stress, exposure of plants to OA increased lipid peroxidation and decreased photosynthetic performance, with deep plants displaying higher levels of heat stress, as indicated by the over-expression of stress-related genes and the activation of antioxidant systems. In addition, warming reduced plant growth, regardless of seawater CO2 and light levels, suggesting that thermal stress may play a fundamental role in the future development of seagrass meadows. Our results suggest that OA may exacerbate the negative effects of future warming on seagrasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ravaglioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte), 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Serena Anselmi
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015, Orbetello, GR, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Dattolo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Debora Fontanini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte), 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci" (CIBM), Viale N.Sauro 4, 57128, Livorno, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Monia Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Jacob Silverman
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Fabio Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per Lo Studio Degli Effetti Del Cambiamento Climatico (CIRSEC), Università di Pisa, Italy.
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6
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Yan W, Wang Z, Pei Y, Zhou B. Adaptive responses of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) to ocean warming and acidification. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108257. [PMID: 38064900 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA), driven by rapid global warming accelerating at unprecedented rates, are profoundly impacting the stability of seagrass ecosystems. Yet, our current understanding of the effects of OW and OA on seagrass remains constrained. Herein, we investigated the response of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.), a representative seagrass species, to OW and OA through comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. The results showed notable variations in plant performance under varying conditions: OW, OA, and OWA (a combination of both conditions). Specifically, under average oceanic temperature conditions for eelgrass growth over the past 20 years -from May to November-OA promoted the production of differentially expressed genes and metabolites associated with alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, as well as starch and sucrose metabolism. Under warming condition, eelgrass was resistant to OA by accelerating galactose metabolism, along with glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, as well as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Under the combined OW and OA condition, eelgrass stimulated fructose and mannose metabolism, glycolysis, and carbon fixation, in addition to galactose metabolism and the TCA cycle to face the interplay. Our findings suggest that eelgrass exhibits adaptive capacity by inducing different metabolites and associated genes, primarily connected with carbon and nitrogen metabolism, in response to varying degrees of OW and OA. The data generated here support the exploration of mechanisms underlying seagrass responses to environmental fluctuations, which hold critical significance for the future conservation and management of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yanzhao Pei
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Listiawati V, Kurihara H. Brown seaweed Nemacystus decipiens intensifies the effects of ocean acidification on coral Montipora digitata. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106150. [PMID: 37611375 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic marine macrophytes such as seaweeds have been proposed to provide habitat refugia for marine calcifiers against ocean acidification (OA) by increasing the local pH. However, the effectiveness of seaweed as a potential habitat refugia for marine calcifiers such as corals remains to be investigated. This study focused on the seaweed Nemacystus decipiens, which are widely farmed in the shallow reef lagoon of Okinawa coral reefs, Japan, and aimed to evaluate their response to high pCO2 and whether they can mitigate the effect of high pCO2 on the coral Montipora digitata. Corals were cultured with and without seaweed under control (300-400 μatm) or high pCO2 conditions (OA, 900-1000 μatm) for 2 weeks. Results showed that all photo-physiological parameters examined in the seaweed N. decipiens were not affected by high pCO2, suggesting that OA will not positively affect their productivity. The calcification rate of the coral M. digitata was found to decrease under OA and the effect was further exaggerated by the presence of seaweed. The present study suggests that farming seaweeds will not act as a potential habitat refugia for adjacent corals under future OA, but instead can exaggerate the negative effect of OA on coral calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina Listiawati
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan; Department of Biology Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jalan Ahmad Yani, Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta, 57162, Indonesia
| | - Haruko Kurihara
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
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Yan W, Wang Z, Pei Y, Zhou B. How does ocean acidification affect Zostera marina during a marine heatwave? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115394. [PMID: 37598524 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Extreme ocean events caused by global warming, such as marine heatwaves (MHWs) and ocean acidification (OA), are projected to intensify. A combination of extreme events may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems. Zostera marina was selected to understand how seagrass adapts to OA in extremely hot conditions. By combining morphology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics under mesoscale experimental conditions, we systematically investigated the response characteristics of Z. marina. Extremely high temperatures had a pronounced effect on growth, and the combined effect of OA mitigated the inhibitory effect of MHW. Both transcriptomic and metabolomic results showed that Z. marina resisted OA and MHW by upregulating the TCA cycle, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, and relevant genes, as well as by activating the antioxidant system. The results of this study serve to improve our understanding of dual effects of factors of climate change on seagrass and may be used to direct future management and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yanzhao Pei
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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9
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Viana IG, Artika SR, Moreira-Saporiti A, Teichberg M. Limited trait responses of a tropical seagrass to the combination of increasing pCO2 and warming. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:472-488. [PMID: 36272111 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding species-specific trait responses under future global change scenarios is of importance for conservation efforts and to make informed decisions within management projects. The combined and single effects of seawater acidification and warmer average temperature were investigated by means of the trait responses of Cymodocea serrulata, a tropical seagrass, under experimental conditions. After a 35 d exposure period, biochemical, morphological, and photo-physiological trait responses were measured. Overall, biochemical traits mildly responded under the individual exposure to high temperature and increasing pCO2 values. The response of C. serrulata was limited to a decrease in %C and an increase in the sucrose content in the rhizome under the high temperature treatment, 32 °C. This suggests that this temperature was lower than the maximum tolerance limit for this species. Increasing pCO2 levels increased %C in the rhizome, and also showed a significant increase in leaf δ13C values. The effects of all treatments were sublethal; however, small changes in their traits could affect the ecosystem services they provide. In particular, changes in tissue carbon concentrations may affect carbon storage capacity, one key ecosystem service. The simultaneous study of different types of trait responses contributes to establish a holistic framework of seagrass ecosystem health under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés G Viana
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, 15001, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Suci Rahmadani Artika
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Indonesia
| | - Agustín Moreira-Saporiti
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Mirta Teichberg
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA, USA
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Maberly SC, Stott A, Gontero B. The differential ability of two species of seagrass to use carbon dioxide and bicarbonate and their modelled response to rising concentrations of inorganic carbon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936716. [PMID: 36388529 PMCID: PMC9648567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows are one of the most productive ecosystems on the planet, but their photosynthesis rate may be limited by carbon dioxide but mitigated by exploiting the high concentration of bicarbonate in the ocean using different active processes. Seagrasses are declining worldwide at an accelerating rate because of numerous anthropogenic pressures. However, rising ocean concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon, caused by increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, may benefit seagrass photosynthesis. Here we compare the ability of two seagrass from the Mediterranean Sea, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile and Zostera marina L., to use carbon dioxide and bicarbonate at light saturation, and model how increasing concentrations of inorganic carbon affect their photosynthesis rate. pH-drift measurements confirmed that both species were able to use bicarbonate in addition to carbon dioxide, but that Z. marina was more effective than P. oceanica. Kinetic experiments showed that, compared to Z. marina, P. oceanica had a seven-fold higher affinity for carbon dioxide and a 1.6-fold higher affinity for bicarbonate. However, the maximal rate of bicarbonate uptake in Z. marina was 2.1-fold higher than in P. oceanica. In equilibrium with 410 ppm carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the modelled rates of photosynthesis by Z. marina were slightly higher than P. oceanica, less carbon limited and depended on bicarbonate to a greater extent. This greater reliance by Z. marina is consistent with its less depleted 13C content compared to P. oceanica. Modelled photosynthesis suggests that both species would depend on bicarbonate alone at an atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure of 280 ppm. P. oceanica was projected to benefit more than Z. marina with increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressures, and at the highest carbon dioxide scenario of 1135 ppm, would have higher rates of photosynthesis and be more saturated by inorganic carbon than Z. marina. In both species, the proportional reliance on bicarbonate declined markedly as carbon dioxide concentrations increased and in P. oceanica carbon dioxide would become the major source of inorganic carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew W. Stott
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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Lee J, Gambi MC, Kroeker KJ, Munari M, Peay K, Micheli F. Resilient consumers accelerate the plant decomposition in a naturally acidified seagrass ecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4558-4576. [PMID: 35583009 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors are predicted to alter biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. However, scaling up from species to ecosystem responses poses a challenge, as species and functional groups can exhibit different capacities to adapt, acclimate, and compensate under changing environments. We used a naturally acidified seagrass ecosystem (the endemic Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica) as a model system to examine how ocean acidification (OA) modifies the community structure and functioning of plant detritivores, which play vital roles in the coastal nutrient cycling and food web dynamics. In seagrass beds associated with volcanic CO2 vents (Ischia, Italy), we quantified the effects of OA on seagrass decomposition by deploying litterbags in three distinct pH zones (i.e., ambient, low, extreme low pH), which differed in the mean and variability of seawater pH. We replicated the study in two discrete vents for 117 days (litterbags sampled on day 5, 10, 28, 55, and 117). Acidification reduced seagrass detritivore richness and diversity through the loss of less abundant, pH-sensitive species but increased the abundance of the dominant detritivore (amphipod Gammarella fucicola). Such compensatory shifts in species abundance caused more than a threefold increase in the total detritivore abundance in lower pH zones. These community changes were associated with increased consumption (52%-112%) and decay of seagrass detritus (up to 67% faster decomposition rate for the slow-decaying, refractory detrital pool) under acidification. Seagrass detritus deployed in acidified zones showed increased N content and decreased C:N ratio, indicating that altered microbial activities under OA may have affected the decay process. The findings suggest that OA could restructure consumer assemblages and modify plant decomposition in blue carbon ecosystems, which may have important implications for carbon sequestration, nutrient recycling, and trophic transfer. Our study highlights the importance of within-community response variability and compensatory processes in modulating ecosystem functions under extreme global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyung Lee
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Kristy J Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Marco Munari
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia, Naples, Italy
| | - Kabir Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Pacific Grove, California, USA
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Lebrasse MC, Schaeffer BA, Zimmerman RC, Hill VJ, Coffer MM, Whitman PJ, Salls WB, Graybill DD, Osburn CL. Simulated response of St. Joseph Bay, Florida, seagrass meadows and their belowground carbon to anthropogenic and climate impacts. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105694. [PMID: 35850077 PMCID: PMC9924051 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows are degraded globally and continue to decline in areal extent due to human pressures and climate change. This study used the bio-optical model GrassLight to explore the impact of climate change and anthropogenic stressors on seagrass extent, leaf area index (LAI) and belowground organic carbon (BGC) in St. Joseph Bay, Florida, using water quality data and remotely-sensed sea surface temperature (SST) from 2002 to 2020. Model predictions were compared with satellite-derived measurements of seagrass extent and shoot density from the Landsat images for the same period. The GrassLight-derived area of potential seagrass habitat ranged from 36.2 km2 to 39.2 km2, averaging 38.0 ± 0.8 km2 compared to an observed seagrass extent of 23.0 ± 3.0 km2 derived from Landsat (range = 17.9-27.4 km2). GrassLight predicted a mean seagrass LAI of 2.7 m2 leaf m-2 seabed, compared to a mean LAI of 1.9 m2 m-2 estimated from Landsat, indicating that seagrass density in St. Joseph Bay may have been below its light-limited ecological potential. Climate and anthropogenic change simulations using GrassLight predicted the impact of changes in temperature, pH, chlorophyll a, chromophoric dissolved organic matter and turbidity on seagrass meadows. Simulations predicted a 2-8% decline in seagrass extent with rising temperatures that was offset by a 3-11% expansion in seagrass extent in response to ocean acidification when compared to present conditions. Simulations of water quality impacts showed that a doubling of turbidity would reduce seagrass extent by 18% and total leaf area by 21%. Combining climate and water quality scenarios showed that ocean acidification may increase seagrass productivity to offset the negative effects of both thermal stress and declining water quality on the seagrasses growing in St. Joseph Bay. This research highlights the importance of considering multiple limiting factors in understanding the effects of environmental change on seagrass ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cindy Lebrasse
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Blake A Schaeffer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Zimmerman
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Victoria J Hill
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Megan M Coffer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter J Whitman
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wilson B Salls
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David D Graybill
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher L Osburn
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Jiang Z, Liu S, Cui L, He J, Fang Y, Premarathne C, Li L, Wu Y, Huang X, Kumar M. Sand supplementation favors tropical seagrass Thalassia hemprichii in eutrophic bay: implications for seagrass restoration and management. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:296. [PMID: 35710355 PMCID: PMC9205049 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sediment is crucial for the unique marine angiosperm seagrass growth and successful restoration. Sediment modification induced by eutrophication also exacerbates seagrass decline and reduces plantation and transplantation survival rates. However, we lack information regarding the influence of sediment on seagrass photosynthesis and the metabolics, especially regarding the key secondary metabolic flavone. Meanwhile, sulfation of flavonoids in seagrass may mitigate sulfide intrusion, but limited evidence is available. RESULTS We cultured the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii under controlled laboratory conditions in three sediment types by combining different ratios of in-situ eutrophic sediment and coarse beach sand. We examined the effects of beach sand mixed with natural eutrophic sediments on seagrass using photobiology, metabolomics and isotope labelling approaches. Seagrasses grown in eutrophic sediments mixed with beach sand exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic activity, with a larger relative maximum electron transport rate and minimum saturating irradiance. Simultaneously, considerably greater belowground amino acid and flavonoid concentrations were observed to counteract anoxic stress in eutrophic sediments without mixed beach sand. This led to more positive belowground stable sulfur isotope ratios in eutrophic sediments with a lower Eh. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that coarse beach sand indirectly enhanced photosynthesis in T. hemprichii by reducing sulfide intrusion with lower amino acid and flavonoid concentrations. This could explain why T. hemprichii often grows better on coarse sand substrates. Therefore, it is imperative to consider adding beach sand to sediments to improve the environmental conditions for seagrass and restore seagrass in eutrophic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, PR China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
- Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, PR China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Lijun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jialu He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chanaka Premarathne
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Linglan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, PR China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, PR China.
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
- Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Assessing the Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on the Seagrass Thalassia hemprichii. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10060714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass beds serve as important carbon sinks, and it is thought that increasing the quantity and quality of such sinks could help to slow the rate of global climate change. Therefore, it will be important to (1) gain a better understanding of seagrass bed metabolism and (2) document how these high-productivity ecosystems are impacted by climate change-associated factors, such as ocean acidification (OA) and ocean warming (OW). A mesocosm-based approach was taken herein in which a tropical, Western Pacific seagrass species Thalassia hemprichii was cultured under either control or OA-simulating conditions; the temperature was gradually increased from 25 to 31 °C for both CO2 enrichment treatments, and it was hypothesized that this species would respond positively to OA and elevated temperature. After 12 weeks of exposure, OA (~1200 ppm) led to (1) increases in underground biomass and root C:N ratios and (2) decreases in root nitrogen content. Rising temperatures (25 to 31 °C) increased the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv:Fm), productivity, leaf growth rate, decomposition rate, and carbon sequestration, but decreased the rate of shoot density increase and the carbon content of the leaves; this indicates that warming alone does not increase the short-term carbon sink capacity of this seagrass species. Under high CO2 and the highest temperature employed (31 °C), this seagrass demonstrated its highest productivity, Fv:Fm, leaf growth rate, and carbon sequestration. Collectively, then, it appears that high CO2 levels offset the negative effects of high temperature on this seagrass species. Whether this pattern is maintained at temperatures that actually induce marked seagrass stress (likely beginning at 33–34 °C in Southern Taiwan) should be the focus of future research.
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Crameri NJ, Ellison JC. Atoll inland and coastal mangrove climate change vulnerability assessment. WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 30:527-546. [PMID: 35571150 PMCID: PMC9091136 DOI: 10.1007/s11273-022-09878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Climate change threatens global mangroves, which are already among the world's most impacted ecosystems. Vulnerability components of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity were evaluated on mangroves of atoll settings on Jaluit Atoll, in the Marshall Islands, assessing spatial changes of mangrove cover 1945-2018/19, sea-level trends 1968-2019, and reviewing available information. Inland mangrove depressions occur on Jaluit, as well as coastal lagoon margin mangroves, and both were assessed using the same methods. Spatial analysis results showed both inland and coastal mangroves have increased in area. Inland mangroves on eight of Jaluit's islands mostly expanded after 1976 from 40 to 50 hectares, with progradation and tidal creek infill closing lagoon connections. Shoreline mangroves showed 88-100% of transects prograding 0.1-0.51 m year-1 and 0-11.5% of transects eroding 0-0.18 m year-1. Assessment of a combination of aerial/satellite images, literature and on-the-ground photos indicated that the mangroves are in healthy condition. Vulnerability assessment results showed both inland and coastal mangroves to have similar strengths and weaknesses in resilience, with intrinsic areas of vulnerability persisting during increased future sea level rise, limited sediment supply and extremely low elevations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11273-022-09878-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Crameri
- School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250 Australia
| | - Joanna C. Ellison
- School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250 Australia
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Berlinghof J, Peiffer F, Marzocchi U, Munari M, Quero GM, Dennis L, Wild C, Cardini U. The role of epiphytes in seagrass productivity under ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6249. [PMID: 35428831 PMCID: PMC9012757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean Acidification (OA), due to rising atmospheric CO2, can affect the seagrass holobiont by changing the plant's ecophysiology and the composition and functioning of its epiphytic community. However, our knowledge of the role of epiphytes in the productivity of the seagrass holobiont in response to environmental changes is still very limited. CO2 vents off Ischia Island (Italy) naturally reduce seawater pH, allowing to investigate the adaptation of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica L. (Delile) to OA. Here, we analyzed the percent cover of different epiphytic groups and the epiphytic biomass of P. oceanica leaves, collected inside (pH 6.9–7.9) and outside (pH 8.1–8.2) the CO2 vents. We estimated the contribution of epiphytes to net primary production (NPP) and respiration (R) of leaf sections collected from the vent and ambient pH sites in laboratory incubations. Additionally, we quantified net community production (NCP) and community respiration (CR) of seagrass communities in situ at vent and ambient pH sites using benthic chambers. Leaves at ambient pH sites had a 25% higher total epiphytic cover with encrusting red algae (32%) dominating the community, while leaves at vent pH sites were dominated by hydrozoans (21%). Leaf sections with and without epiphytes from the vent pH site produced and respired significantly more oxygen than leaf sections from the ambient pH site, showing an average increase of 47 ± 21% (mean ± SE) in NPP and 50 ± 4% in R, respectively. Epiphytes contributed little to the increase in R; however, their contribution to NPP was important (56 ± 6% of the total flux). The increase in productivity of seagrass leaves adapted to OA was only marginally reflected by the results from the in situ benthic chambers, underlining the complexity of the seagrass community response to naturally occurring OA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Berlinghof
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn - National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Naples, Italy. .,Department of Marine Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Friederike Peiffer
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn - National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,Department of Marine Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ugo Marzocchi
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn - National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, Center for Water Technology - WATEC, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marco Munari
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn - National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia M Quero
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Dennis
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn - National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Wild
- Department of Marine Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulisse Cardini
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn - National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Underwater photosynthesis is the most important metabolic activity for submerged plants since it could utilize carbon fixation to replenish lost carbohydrates and improve internal aeration by producing O2. The present study used bibliometric methods to quantify the annual number of publications related to underwater photosynthesis. CiteSpace, as a visual analytic software for the literature, was employed to analyze the distribution of the subject categories, author collaborations, institution collaborations, international (regional) collaborations, and cocitation and keyword burst. The results show the basic characteristics of the literature, the main intellectual base, and the main research powers of underwater photosynthesis. Meanwhile, this paper revealed the research hotspots and trends of this field. This study provides an objective and comprehensive analysis of underwater photosynthesis from a bibliometric perspective. It is expected to provide reference information for scholars in related fields to refine the research direction, solve specific scientific problems, and assist scholars in seeking/establishing relevant collaborations in their areas of interest.
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18
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Rodríguez A, Moreno-Borges S, Brito A. Response of Cymodocea nodosa to ocean acidification and warming in the Canary Islands: Direct and indirect effects. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 176:105603. [PMID: 35325757 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As detected in warming and ocean acidification, global change can have profound impact on marine life. Its effects on seagrasses are becoming increasingly well-known, since several studies have focused on the responses of these species to global change conditions. However a few studies have assessed the combined effect of temperature and acidification on seagrasses. Overall in this study, the combined effects of increased ocean temperature and pH levels expected at the end of this century (+5 °C and pH 7.5) on Cymodocea nodosa from Canary Islands, were evaluated for one month through manipulative laboratory experiments. Growth, net production, respiration, gross primary production, chlorophyll-a concentration and its vulnerability to herbivory were quantified. Results showed a positive effect of decreased pH on growth and gross primary production, as well as greater vulnerability to consumption by the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. In contrast, increased temperature limited net and gross primary production. This study shows than in future scenarios, C. nodosa from the Canary Islands may be a losing species in the global change stakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología. Grupo de investigación BIOECOMAC. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain; Grupo de investigación BIOCON, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Sergio Moreno-Borges
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología. Grupo de investigación BIOECOMAC. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Alberto Brito
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología. Grupo de investigación BIOECOMAC. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
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19
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Ocean warming and acidification modify top-down and bottom-up control in a tropical seagrass ecosystem. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13605. [PMID: 34193925 PMCID: PMC8245495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seagrass ecosystem is one of the most productive ecosystems in coastal waters providing numerous ecological functions and supporting a large biodiversity. However, various anthropogenic stressors including climate change are impacting these vulnerable habitats. Here, we investigated the independent and combined effects of ocean warming and ocean acidification on plant-herbivore interactions in a tropical seagrass community. Direct and indirect effects of high temperature and high pCO2 on the physiology of the tropical seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla were evaluated. Productivity of seagrass was found to increase under high pCO2, while sea urchin physiology including feeding rate decreased particularly under high temperature. The present study indicated that future climate change will affect the bottom-up and top-down balance, which potentially can modify the ecosystem functions and services of tropical seagrass ecosystems.
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Mishra AK, Cabaço S, de Los Santos CB, Apostolaki ET, Vizzini S, Santos R. Long-term effects of elevated CO 2 on the population dynamics of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa: Evidence from volcanic seeps. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111824. [PMID: 33162054 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Population reconstruction techniques was used to assess for the first time the population dynamics of a seagrass, Cymodocea nodosa, exposed to long-term elevated CO2 near three volcanic seeps and compared them with reference sites away from the seeps. Under high CO2, the density of shoots and of individuals (apical shoots), and the vertical and horizontal elongation and production rates, were higher than at the reference sites. Nitrogen limitation effects on rhizome elongation and production rates and on biomass were more evident than CO2 as these were highest at the location where the limitation of nitrogen was highest. At the seep where the availability of CO2 was highest and nitrogen lowest, density of shoots and individuals were highest, probably due to CO2 effects on shoot differentiation and induced reproductive output, respectively. At the three seeps, there was higher short- and long-term shoot recruitment than at the reference sites, and growth rates was around zero, indicating that elevated CO2 increases the turnover of C. nodosa shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Portland Square, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL48LA, UK.
| | - S Cabaço
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - C B de Los Santos
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - E T Apostolaki
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), PO Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - S Vizzini
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy; CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - R Santos
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
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21
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Ma J, Xu T, Bao M, Zhou H, Zhang T, Li Z, Gao G, Li X, Xu J. Response of the red algae Pyropia yezoensis grown at different light intensities to CO2-induced seawater acidification at different life cycle stages. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Alexandre A, Quintã R, Hill PW, Jones DL, Santos R. Ocean warming increases the nitrogen demand and the uptake of organic nitrogen of the globally distributed seagrass
Zostera marina. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alexandre
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Raquel Quintã
- Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO) Olhão Portugal
| | - Paul W. Hill
- School of Natural Sciences Bangor University Gwynedd UK
| | - Davey L. Jones
- School of Natural Sciences Bangor University Gwynedd UK
- The Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Rui Santos
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
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23
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Zayas-Santiago CC, Rivas-Ubach A, Kuo LJ, Ward ND, Zimmerman RC. Metabolic Profiling Reveals Biochemical Pathways Responsible for Eelgrass Response to Elevated CO 2 and Temperature. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4693. [PMID: 32170204 PMCID: PMC7070064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As CO2 levels in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans steadily rise, varying organismal responses may produce ecological losers and winners. Increased ocean CO2 can enhance seagrass productivity and thermal tolerance, providing some compensation for climate warming. However, the metabolic shifts driving the positive response to elevated CO2 by these important ecosystem engineers remain unknown. We analyzed whole-plant performance and metabolic profiles of two geographically distinct eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) populations in response to CO2 enrichment. In addition to enhancing overall plant size, growth and survival, CO2 enrichment increased the abundance of Calvin Cycle and nitrogen assimilation metabolites while suppressing the abundance of stress-related metabolites. Overall metabolome differences between populations suggest that some eelgrass phenotypes may be better suited than others to cope with an increasingly hot and sour sea. Our results suggest that seagrass populations will respond variably, but overall positively, to increasing CO2 concentrations, generating negative feedbacks to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Zayas-Santiago
- Department of Ocean, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23429, USA.
| | - Albert Rivas-Ubach
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Li-Jung Kuo
- Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1529 W. Sequim Bay Rd., Sequim, WA, 98382, USA
| | - Nicholas D Ward
- Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1529 W. Sequim Bay Rd., Sequim, WA, 98382, USA.,School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Richard C Zimmerman
- Department of Ocean, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23429, USA
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24
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Liu PJ, Ang SJ, Mayfield AB, Lin HJ. Influence of the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii on coral reef mesocosms exposed to ocean acidification and experimentally elevated temperatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134464. [PMID: 31689648 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) and warming currently threaten coastal ecosystems across the globe. However, it is possible that the former process could actually benefit marine plants, such as seagrasses. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the effects of the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii can increase the resilience of OA-challenged coral reef mesocosms whose temperatures were gradually elevated. It was found that seagrass shoot density, photosynthetic efficiency, and leaf growth rate actually increased with rising temperatures under OA. Macroalgal growth rates were higher in the seagrass-free mesocosms, but the calcification rate of the model reef coral Pocillopora damicornis was higher in coral reef mesocosms featuring seagrasses under OA at 25 and 28 °C. Both the macroalgal growth rate and the coral calcification rate decreased in all mesocosms when the temperature was raised to 31 °C under OA. However, the variation in gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem production in the seagrass mesocosms was lower than in seagrass-free controls, suggesting that the presence of seagrass in the mesocosms helped to stabilize the metabolism of the system in response to simulated climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Jen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong-Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Jing Ang
- Department of Life Sciences and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsing-Juh Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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25
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Fang Y, Jiang Z, Zhao C, Li L, Ranvilage CIPM, Liu S, Wu Y, Huang X. Efficient Heat Dissipation and Cyclic Electron Flow Confer Daily Air Exposure Tolerance in the Intertidal Seagrass Halophila beccarii Asch. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571627. [PMID: 33329629 PMCID: PMC7733926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses inhabiting the intertidal zone experience periodically repeated cycles of air exposure and rehydration. However, little is known about the photoprotective mechanisms in photosystem (PS)II and PSI, as well as changes in carbon utilization upon air exposure. The photoprotective processes upon air exposure in Halophila beccarii Asch., an endangered seagrass species, were examined using the Dual-PAM-100 and non-invasive micro-test technology. The results showed that air exposure enhanced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in both PSII and PSI, with a maximum increase in NPQ and Y(ND) (which represents the fraction of overall P700 that is oxidized in a given state) of 23 and 57%, respectively, resulting in intensive thermal energy dissipation of excess optical energy. Moreover, cyclic electron transport driven by PSI (CEF) was upregulated, reflected by a 50 and 22% increase in CEF and maximum electron transport rate in PSI to compensate for the abolished linear electron transport with significant decreases in pmfLEF (the proton motive force [pmf]) attributable solely to proton translocation by linear electron flow [LEF]). Additionally, H+ fluxes in mesophyll cells decreased steadily with increased air exposure time, exhibiting a maximum decrease of six-fold, indicating air exposure modified carbon utilization by decreasing the proton pump influxes. These findings indicate that efficient heat dissipation and CEF confer daily air exposure tolerance to the intertidal seagrass H. beccarii and provide new insights into the photoprotective mechanisms of intertidal seagrasses. This study also helps explain the extensive distribution of H. beccarii in intertidal zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijian Jiang,
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources Environment and Planning, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Linglan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chanaka Isuranga Premarathne Maha Ranvilage
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Xiaoping Huang,
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26
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de Los Santos CB, Arenas F, Neuparth T, Santos MM. Interaction of short-term copper pollution and ocean acidification in seagrass ecosystems: Toxicity, bioconcentration and dietary transfer. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:155-163. [PMID: 31232289 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to show how the predicted pH decrease in the ocean would alter the toxicity, bioconcentration and dietary transfer of trace metal copper on seagrass ecosystems, on a short-term basis. Seagrass Zostera noltei was exposed to two pH levels (8.36 and 8.03) and three copper levels (nominal concentrations, <3, 30 and 300 μg Cu L-1) in a factorial design during 21 days, while Gammarus locusta amphipods were continuously fed with the treated seagrass leaves. We found that the toxicity and bioconcentration of copper in seagrasses were not affected by pH, yet complex copper-pH interactions were observed in the seagrass photosynthesis. We demostrated that seagrasses can act as a copper source in the food web via direct consumption by herbivores. Future research need to investigate the interactive effects on a long-term basis, and to include biochemical and molecular endpoints to provide additional insights to the complex phisiological interactions observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen B de Los Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Arenas
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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27
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Egea LG, Jiménez-Ramos R, Vergara JJ, Hernández I, Brun FG. Interactive effect of temperature, acidification and ammonium enrichment on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 134:14-26. [PMID: 29475735 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global (e.g. climate change) and local factors (e.g. nutrient enrichment) act together in nature strongly hammering coastal ecosystems, where seagrasses play a critical ecological role. This experiment explores the combined effects of warming, acidification and ammonium enrichment on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa under a full factorial mesocosm design. Warming increased plant production but at the expense of reducing carbon reserves. Meanwhile, acidification had not effects on plant production but increased slightly carbon reserves, while a slight stimulation of net production and a slight decrease on carbon reserves under ammonium supply were recorded. When all the factors were combined together improved the production and carbon reserves of Cymodocea nodosa, indicating that acidification improved ammonium assimilation and buffered the enhanced respiration promoted by temperature. Therefore, it could indicate that this temperate species may benefit under the simulated future scenarios, but indirect effects (e.g. herbivory, mechanical stress, etc.) may counteract this balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Egea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - R Jiménez-Ramos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - J J Vergara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - I Hernández
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - F G Brun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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28
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Muneer S, Lee JH. Hazardous gases (CO, NO x, CH 4 and C 3H 8) released from CO 2 fertilizer unit lead to oxidative damage and degrades photosynthesis in strawberry plants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12291. [PMID: 30116034 PMCID: PMC6095870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2 boilers/direct heating systems used in greenhouses often lead to incomplete combustion, which results in the formation of hazardous gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitroxide (NOX) and other hydrocarbons. In this study, strawberry plants that were grown on rockwool cubes were transferred to airtight bottles and treated with CO, NOX, CH4 and C3H8 gases for 1-48 hours. Oxidative damage due to hazardous gases was observed, as indicated by H2O2 and [Formula: see text] determination. Photosynthetic pigments were reduced, and stomatal guard cells were damaged and remained closed compared to the control. The activity of other photosynthetic parameters was negatively related to hazardous gases. Reduction in the expression of multiprotein complexes was highly observed under hazardous gas treatments. This study highlighted that hazardous gases (CO, NOX, CH4 and C3H8) emitted due to incomplete combustion of CO2 fertilization units/or direct heating systems resulted in the formation of ROS in shoots and limited photosynthetic metabolism. We predicted that major steps must be incorporated to improve the efficiency of CO2 boiler/heating systems to decrease the emission of these hazardous gases and other hydrocarbons and to reduce the observed risks that are key to the reduction of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowbiya Muneer
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural life sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Young Bong-Dong Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
- Centre for Agricultural Innovations and Adavnced Learning [VAIAL], Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil-Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural life sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Young Bong-Dong Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea.
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29
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Collier CJ, Langlois L, Ow Y, Johansson C, Giammusso M, Adams MP, O'Brien KR, Uthicke S. Losing a winner: thermal stress and local pressures outweigh the positive effects of ocean acidification for tropical seagrasses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1005-1017. [PMID: 29855044 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are globally important coastal habitat-forming species, yet it is unknown how seagrasses respond to the combined pressures of ocean acidification and warming of sea surface temperature. We exposed three tropical species of seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, and Zostera muelleri) to increasing temperature (21, 25, 30, and 35°C) and pCO2 (401, 1014, and 1949 μatm) for 7 wk in mesocosms using a controlled factorial design. Shoot density and leaf extension rates were recorded, and plant productivity and respiration were measured at increasing light levels (photosynthesis-irradiance curves) using oxygen optodes. Shoot density, growth, photosynthetic rates, and plant-scale net productivity occurred at 25°C or 30°C under saturating light levels. High pCO2 enhanced maximum net productivity for Z. muelleri, but not in other species. Z. muelleri was the most thermally tolerant as it maintained positive net production to 35°C, yet for the other species there was a sharp decline in productivity, growth, and shoot density at 35°C, which was exacerbated by pCO2 . These results suggest that thermal stress will not be offset by ocean acidification during future extreme heat events and challenges the current hypothesis that tropical seagrass will be a 'winner' under future climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Collier
- Centre for Tropical Water & Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4870, Australia
| | - Lucas Langlois
- Centre for Tropical Water & Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4870, Australia
| | - Yan Ow
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, 4811, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, 4810, Qld, Australia
- Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Charlotte Johansson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, 4810, Qld, Australia
| | - Manuela Giammusso
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, 4810, Qld, Australia
| | - Matthew P Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - Katherine R O'Brien
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - Sven Uthicke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, 4810, Qld, Australia
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30
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Groner ML, Burge CA, Cox R, Rivlin ND, Turner M, Van Alstyne KL, Wyllie-Echeverria S, Bucci J, Staudigel P, Friedman CS. Oysters and eelgrass: potential partners in a high pCO 2 ocean. Ecology 2018; 99:1802-1814. [PMID: 29800484 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is affecting the health and physiology of marine organisms and altering species interactions. Ocean acidification (OA) threatens calcifying organisms such as the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. In contrast, seagrasses, such as the eelgrass Zostera marina, can benefit from the increase in available carbon for photosynthesis found at a lower seawater pH. Seagrasses can remove dissolved inorganic carbon from OA environments, creating local daytime pH refugia. Pacific oysters may improve the health of eelgrass by filtering out pathogens such as Labyrinthula zosterae (LZ), which causes eelgrass wasting disease (EWD). We examined how co-culture of eelgrass ramets and juvenile oysters affected the health and growth of eelgrass and the mass of oysters under different pCO2 exposures. In Phase I, each species was cultured alone or in co-culture at 12°C across ambient, medium, and high pCO2 conditions, (656, 1,158 and 1,606 μatm pCO2 , respectively). Under high pCO2 , eelgrass grew faster and had less severe EWD (contracted in the field prior to the experiment). Co-culture with oysters also reduced the severity of EWD. While the presence of eelgrass decreased daytime pCO2 , this reduction was not substantial enough to ameliorate the negative impact of high pCO2 on oyster mass. In Phase II, eelgrass alone or oysters and eelgrass in co-culture were held at 15°C under ambient and high pCO2 conditions, (488 and 2,013 μatm pCO2 , respectively). Half of the replicates were challenged with cultured LZ. Concentrations of defensive compounds in eelgrass (total phenolics and tannins), were altered by LZ exposure and pCO2 treatments. Greater pathogen loads and increased EWD severity were detected in LZ exposed eelgrass ramets; EWD severity was reduced at high relative to low pCO2 . Oyster presence did not influence pathogen load or EWD severity; high LZ concentrations in experimental treatments may have masked the effect of this treatment. Collectively, these results indicate that, when exposed to natural concentrations of LZ under high pCO2 conditions, eelgrass can benefit from co-culture with oysters. Further experimentation is necessary to quantify how oysters may benefit from co-culture with eelgrass, examine these interactions in the field and quantify context-dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya L Groner
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Colleen A Burge
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 701 E Pratt St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21202, USA
| | - Ruth Cox
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Natalie D Rivlin
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 701 E Pratt St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21202, USA
| | - Mo Turner
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, 24 Kincaid Hall, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - Kathryn L Van Alstyne
- Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, 1900 Shannon Point Rd., Anacortes, Washington, 98221, USA
| | - Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, Washington, 98250, USA.,Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, 2 John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, 00802, USA
| | - John Bucci
- School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Rd., Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, USA
| | - Philip Staudigel
- Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida, 33149, USA
| | - Carolyn S Friedman
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, Washington, 98250, USA.,School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
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31
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Egea LG, Jiménez-Ramos R, Hernández I, Bouma TJ, Brun FG. Effects of ocean acidification and hydrodynamic conditions on carbon metabolism and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes in seagrass populations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192402. [PMID: 29420625 PMCID: PMC5805273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global change has been acknowledged as one of the main threats to the biosphere and its provision of ecosystem services, especially in marine ecosystems. Seagrasses play a critical ecological role in coastal ecosystems, but their responses to ocean acidification (OA) and climate change are not well understood. There have been previous studies focused on the effects of OA, but the outcome of interactions with co-factors predicted to alter during climate change still needs to be addressed. For example, the impact of higher CO2 and different hydrodynamic regimes on seagrass performance remains unknown. We studied the effects of OA under different current velocities on productivity of the seagrass Zostera noltei, using changes in dissolved oxygen as a proxy for the seagrass carbon metabolism, and release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a four-week experiment using an open-water outdoor mesocosm. Under current pH conditions, increasing current velocity had a positive effect on productivity, but this depended on shoot density. However, this positive effect of current velocity disappeared under OA conditions. OA conditions led to a significant increase in gross production rate and respiration, suggesting that Z. noltei is carbon-limited under the current inorganic carbon concentration of seawater. In addition, an increase in non-structural carbohydrates was found, which may lead to better growing conditions and higher resilience in seagrasses subjected to environmental stress. Regarding DOC flux, a direct and positive relationship was found between current velocity and DOC release, both under current pH and OA conditions. We conclude that OA and high current velocity may lead to favourable growth scenarios for Z. noltei populations, increasing their productivity, non-structural carbohydrate concentrations and DOC release. Our results add new dimensions to predictions on how seagrass ecosystems will respond to climate change, with important implications for the resilience and conservation of these threatened ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G. Egea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Rocío Jiménez-Ramos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Hernández
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando G. Brun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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32
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Liu X, Han Y, Zhu J, Deng J, Hu W, da Silva TEV. Will elevated atmospheric CO 2 boost the growth of an invasive submerged macrophyte Cabomba caroliniana under the interference of phytoplankton? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1809-1821. [PMID: 29101706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The growth of most submerged macrophytes is likely to be limited by the availability of carbon resource, and this is especially true for the obligatory carbon dioxide (CO2) users. A mesocosm experiment was performed to investigate the physiological, photophysiological, and biochemical responses of Cabomba caroliniana, an invasive macrophyte specie in the Lake Taihu Basin, to elevated atmospheric CO2 (1000 μmol mol-1); we also examined the possible impacts of interferences derived from the phytoplankton proliferation and its concomitant disturbances on the growth of C. caroliniana. The results demonstrated that elevated atmospheric CO2 significantly enhanced the biomass, relative growth rate, and photosynthate accumulation of C. caroliniana. C. caroliniana exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 exhibited a higher relative maximum electron transport rate and photosynthetic efficiency, compared to those exposed to ambient atmospheric CO2. However, the positive effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on C. caroliniana were gradually compromised as time went by, and the down-regulations of the relative growth rate (RGR) and photosynthetic activity were coupled with phytoplankton proliferation under elevated atmospheric CO2. This study demonstrated that the growth of C. caroliniana under the phytoplankton interference can be greatly affected, directly and indirectly, by the increasing atmospheric CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanqing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jinge Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiancai Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Weiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Scartazza A, Moscatello S, Gavrichkova O, Buia MC, Lauteri M, Battistelli A, Lorenti M, Garrard SL, Calfapietra C, Brugnoli E. Carbon and nitrogen allocation strategy in Posidonia oceanica is altered by seawater acidification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:954-964. [PMID: 28724227 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 causes ocean acidification that represents one of the major ecological threats for marine biota. We tested the hypothesis that long-term exposure to increased CO2 level and acidification in a natural CO2 vent system alters carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism in Posidonia oceanica L. (Delile), affecting its resilience, or capability to restore the physiological homeostasis, and the nutritional quality of organic matter available for grazers. Seawater acidification decreased the C to N ratio in P. oceanica tissues and increased grazing rate, shoot density, leaf proteins and asparagine accumulation in rhizomes, while the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II was unaffected. The 13C-dilution in both structural and non-structural C metabolites in the acidified site indicated quali-quantitative changes of C source and/or increased isotopic fractionation during C uptake and carboxylation associated with the higher CO2 level. The decreased C:N ratio in the acidified site suggests an increased N availability, leading to a greater storage of 15N-enriched compounds in rhizomes. The amount of the more dynamic C storage form, sucrose, decreased in rhizomes of the acidified site in response to the enhanced energy demand due to higher shoot recruitment and N compound synthesis, without affecting starch reserves. The ability to modulate the balance between stable and dynamic C reserves could represent a key ecophysiological mechanism for P. oceanica resilience under environmental perturbation. Finally, alteration in C and N dynamics promoted a positive contribution of this seagrass to the local food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scartazza
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy; Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy.
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy.
| | - Olga Gavrichkova
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy
| | | | - Marco Lauteri
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lorenti
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Enrico Brugnoli
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy
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Campbell JE, Fourqurean JW. Does Nutrient Availability Regulate Seagrass Response to Elevated CO2? Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ravaglioli C, Lauritano C, Buia MC, Balestri E, Capocchi A, Fontanini D, Pardi G, Tamburello L, Procaccini G, Bulleri F. Nutrient Loading Fosters Seagrass Productivity Under Ocean Acidification. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13732. [PMID: 29062025 PMCID: PMC5653774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of climate change are likely to be dependent on local settings. Nonetheless, the compounded effects of global and regional stressors remain poorly understood. Here, we used CO2 vents to assess how the effects of ocean acidification on the seagrass, Posidonia oceanica, and the associated epiphytic community can be modified by enhanced nutrient loading. P. oceanica at ambient and low pH sites was exposed to three nutrient levels for 16 months. The response of P. oceanica to experimental conditions was assessed by combining analyses of gene expression, plant growth, photosynthetic pigments and epiphyte loading. At low pH, nutrient addition fostered plant growth and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Overexpression of nitrogen transporter genes following nutrient additions at low pH suggests enhanced nutrient uptake by the plant. In addition, enhanced nutrient levels reduced the expression of selected antioxidant genes in plants exposed to low pH and increased epiphyte cover at both ambient and low pH. Our results show that the effects of ocean acidification on P. oceanica depend upon local nutrient concentration. More generally, our findings suggest that taking into account local environmental settings will be crucial to advance our understanding of the effects of global stressors on marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ravaglioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna, 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Elena Balestri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna, 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Capocchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna, 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Debora Fontanini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna, 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna, 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Tamburello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna, 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio, 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna, 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Guilini K, Weber M, de Beer D, Schneider M, Molari M, Lott C, Bodnar W, Mascart T, De Troch M, Vanreusel A. Response of Posidonia oceanica seagrass and its epibiont communities to ocean acidification. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181531. [PMID: 28792960 PMCID: PMC5549886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented rate of CO2 increase in our atmosphere and subsequent ocean acidification (OA) threatens coastal ecosystems. To forecast the functioning of coastal seagrass ecosystems in acidified oceans, more knowledge on the long-term adaptive capacities of seagrass species and their epibionts is needed. Therefore we studied morphological characteristics of Posidonia oceanica and the structure of its epibiont communities at a Mediterranean volcanic CO2 vent off Panarea Island (Italy) and performed a laboratory experiment to test the effect of OA on P. oceanica photosynthesis and its potential buffering capacity. At the study site east of Basiluzzo Islet, venting of CO2 gas was controlled by tides, resulting in an average pH difference of 0.1 between the vent and reference site. P. oceanica shoot and leaf density was unaffected by these levels of OA, although shorter leaves at the vent site suggest increased susceptibility to erosion, potentially by herbivores. The community of sessile epibionts differed in composition and was characterized by a higher species richness at the vent site, though net epiphytic calcium carbonate concentration was similar. These findings suggest a higher ecosystem complexity at the vent site, which may have facilitated the higher diversity of copepods in the otherwise unaffected motile epibiont community. In the laboratory experiment, P. oceanica photosynthesis increased with decreasing pHT (7.6, 6.6, 5.5), which induced an elevated pH at the leaf surfaces of up to 0.5 units compared to the ambient seawater pHT of 6.6. This suggests a temporary pH buffering in the diffusive boundary layer of leaves, which could be favorable for epibiont organisms. The results of this multispecies study contribute to understanding community-level responses and underlying processes in long-term acidified conditions. Increased replication and monitoring of physico-chemical parameters on an annual scale are, however, recommended to assure that the biological responses observed during a short period reflect long-term dynamics of these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Guilini
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Miriam Weber
- HGF-MPG Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- HYDRA Institute for Marine Sciences, Elba Field Station, Italy
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Microsensor Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Massimiliano Molari
- HGF-MPG Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Lott
- HYDRA Institute for Marine Sciences, Elba Field Station, Italy
| | - Wanda Bodnar
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thibaud Mascart
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marleen De Troch
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Vanreusel
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Camp EF, Smith DJ, Evenhuis C, Enochs I, Manzello D, Woodcock S, Suggett DJ. Acclimatization to high-variance habitats does not enhance physiological tolerance of two key Caribbean corals to future temperature and pH. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0442. [PMID: 27194698 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corals are acclimatized to populate dynamic habitats that neighbour coral reefs. Habitats such as seagrass beds exhibit broad diel changes in temperature and pH that routinely expose corals to conditions predicted for reefs over the next 50-100 years. However, whether such acclimatization effectively enhances physiological tolerance to, and hence provides refuge against, future climate scenarios remains unknown. Also, whether corals living in low-variance habitats can tolerate present-day high-variance conditions remains untested. We experimentally examined how pH and temperature predicted for the year 2100 affects the growth and physiology of two dominant Caribbean corals (Acropora palmata and Porites astreoides) native to habitats with intrinsically low (outer-reef terrace, LV) and/or high (neighbouring seagrass, HV) environmental variance. Under present-day temperature and pH, growth and metabolic rates (calcification, respiration and photosynthesis) were unchanged for HV versus LV populations. Superimposing future climate scenarios onto the HV and LV conditions did not result in any enhanced tolerance to colonies native to HV. Calcification rates were always lower for elevated temperature and/or reduced pH. Together, these results suggest that seagrass habitats may not serve as refugia against climate change if the magnitude of future temperature and pH changes is equivalent to neighbouring reef habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma F Camp
- Coral Reef Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - David J Smith
- Coral Reef Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Chris Evenhuis
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Ian Enochs
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Derek Manzello
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Stephen Woodcock
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Ruocco M, Musacchia F, Olivé I, Costa MM, Barrote I, Santos R, Sanges R, Procaccini G, Silva J. Genomewide transcriptional reprogramming in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa under experimental ocean acidification. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4241-4259. [PMID: 28614601 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the first use of massive-scale RNA-sequencing to explore seagrass response to CO2 -driven ocean acidification (OA). Large-scale gene expression changes in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa occurred at CO2 levels projected by the end of the century. C. nodosa transcriptome was obtained using Illumina RNA-Seq technology and de novo assembly, and differential gene expression was explored in plants exposed to short-term high CO2 /low pH conditions. At high pCO2 , there was a significant increased expression of transcripts associated with photosynthesis, including light reaction functions and CO2 fixation, and also to respiratory pathways, specifically for enzymes involved in glycolysis, in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in the energy metabolism of the mitochondrial electron transport. The upregulation of respiratory metabolism is probably supported by the increased availability of photosynthates and increased energy demand for biosynthesis and stress-related processes under elevated CO2 and low pH. The upregulation of several chaperones resembling heat stress-induced changes in gene expression highlighted the positive role these proteins play in tolerance to intracellular acid stress in seagrasses. OA further modifies C. nodosa secondary metabolism inducing the transcription of enzymes related to biosynthesis of carbon-based secondary compounds, in particular the synthesis of polyphenols and isoprenoid compounds that have a variety of biological functions including plant defence. By demonstrating which physiological processes are most sensitive to OA, this research provides a major advance in the understanding of seagrass metabolism in the context of altered seawater chemistry from global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ruocco
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Irene Olivé
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Monya M Costa
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Barrote
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rui Santos
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Remo Sanges
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - João Silva
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Larkum AWD, Davey PA, Kuo J, Ralph PJ, Raven JA. Carbon-concentrating mechanisms in seagrasses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3773-3784. [PMID: 28911056 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are unique angiosperms that carry out growth and reproduction submerged in seawater. They occur in at least three families of the Alismatales. All have chloroplasts mainly in the cells of the epidermis. Living in seawater, the supply of inorganic carbon (Ci) to the chloroplasts is diffusion limited, especially under unstirred conditions. Therefore, the supply of CO2 and bicarbonate across the diffusive boundary layer on the outer side of the epidermis is often a limiting factor. Here we discuss the evidence for mechanisms that enhance the uptake of Ci into the epidermal cells. Since bicarbonate is plentiful in seawater, a bicarbonate pump might be expected; however, the evidence for such a pump is not strongly supported. There is evidence for a carbonic anhydrase outside the outer plasmalemma. This, together with evidence for an outward proton pump, suggests the possibility that local acidification leads to enhanced concentrations of CO2 adjacent to the outer tangential epidermal walls, which enhances the uptake of CO2, and this could be followed by a carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) in the cytoplasm and/or chloroplasts. The lines of evidence for such an epidermal CCM are discussed, including evidence for special 'transfer cells' in some but not all seagrass leaves in the tangential inner walls of the epidermal cells. It is concluded that seagrasses have a CCM but that the case for concentration of CO2 at the site of Rubisco carboxylation is not proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony William D Larkum
- Plant Functional Biology and Global Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2009, Australia
| | - Peter A Davey
- Plant Functional Biology and Global Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2009, Australia
| | - John Kuo
- Electron Microscope Centre, University of Western Australia, WA 6900, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Plant Functional Biology and Global Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2009, Australia
| | - John A Raven
- Plant Functional Biology and Global Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2009, Australia
- University of Dundee at JHI, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
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Nogueira P, Gambi MC, Vizzini S, Califano G, Tavares AM, Santos R, Martínez-Crego B. Altered epiphyte community and sea urchin diet in Posidonia oceanica meadows in the vicinity of volcanic CO 2 vents. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 127:102-111. [PMID: 28413104 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) predicted for 2100 is expected to shift seagrass epiphyte communities towards the dominance of more tolerant non-calcifying taxa. However, little is known about the indirect effects of such changes on food provision to key seagrass consumers. We found that epiphyte communities of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in two naturally acidified sites (i.e. north and south sides of a volcanic CO2 vent) and in a control site away from the vent at the Ischia Island (NW Mediterranean Sea) significantly differed in composition and abundance. Such differences involved a higher abundance of non-calcareous crustose brown algae and a decline of calcifying polychaetes in both acidified sites. A lower epiphytic abundance of crustose coralline algae occurred only in the south side of the vents, thus suggesting that OA may alter epiphyte assemblages in different ways due to interaction with local factors such as differential fish herbivory or hydrodynamics. The OA effects on food items (seagrass, epiphytes, and algae) indirectly propagated into food provision to the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, as reflected by a reduced P. oceanica exploitation (i.e. less seagrass and calcareous epiphytes in the diet) in favour of non-calcareous green algae in both vent sites. In contrast, we detected no difference close and outside the vents neither in the composition of sea urchin diet nor in the total abundance of calcareous versus non-calcareous taxa. More research, under realistic scenarios of predicted pH reduction (i.e. ≤ 0.32 units of pH by 2100), is still necessary to better understand cascading effects of this altered urchin exploitation of food resources under acidified conditions on ecosystem diversity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Nogueira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve-Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Gambi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dept of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn. Benthic Ecology Center (Ischia), Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatrice Vizzini
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, CoNISMa, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy; CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Califano
- Friederich-Schiller-University Jena (FSU), Lessingstr. 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ana Mafalda Tavares
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve-Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rui Santos
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve-Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Begoña Martínez-Crego
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve-Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Hernán G, Ramajo L, Basso L, Delgado A, Terrados J, Duarte CM, Tomas F. Seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) seedlings in a high-CO 2 world: from physiology to herbivory. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38017. [PMID: 27905514 PMCID: PMC5131316 DOI: 10.1038/srep38017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Under future increased CO2 concentrations, seagrasses are predicted to perform better as a result of increased photosynthesis, but the effects in carbon balance and growth are unclear and remain unexplored for early life stages such as seedlings, which allow plant dispersal and provide the potential for adaptation under changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, the outcome of the concomitant biochemical changes in plant-herbivore interactions has been poorly studied, yet may have important implications in plant communities. In this study we determined the effects of experimental exposure to current and future predicted CO2 concentrations on the physiology, size and defense strategies against herbivory in the earliest life stage of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica. The photosynthetic performance of seedlings, assessed by fluorescence, improved under increased pCO2 conditions after 60 days, although these differences disappeared after 90 days. Furthermore, these plants exhibited bigger seeds and higher carbon storage in belowground tissues, having thus more resources to tolerate and recover from stressors. Of the several herbivory resistance traits measured, plants under high pCO2 conditions had a lower leaf N content but higher sucrose. These seedlings were preferred by herbivorous sea urchins in feeding trials, which could potentially counteract some of the positive effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Hernán
- Departament of Ecology and Marine Resources, Mediterranean institute for advanced studies (CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Laura Ramajo
- Departament of Global Change Research, Mediterranean institute for advanced studies (CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Department of Science, Liberal Arts School. Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 2640, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Research and Innovation for Climate Change (CiiCC). Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Basso
- Departament of Global Change Research, Mediterranean institute for advanced studies (CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Delgado
- Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Andalusian Institute of Earth Science (CSIC-UGR), 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Terrados
- Departament of Ecology and Marine Resources, Mediterranean institute for advanced studies (CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- Departament of Global Change Research, Mediterranean institute for advanced studies (CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fiona Tomas
- Departament of Ecology and Marine Resources, Mediterranean institute for advanced studies (CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Benítez S, Duarte C, López J, Manríquez PH, Navarro JM, Bonta CC, Torres R, Quijón PA. Ontogenetic variability in the feeding behavior of a marine amphipod in response to ocean acidification. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:375-379. [PMID: 27436354 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Global stressors like ocean acidification (OA) are expected to influence the quality or palatability of primary producers like algae. Such changes can trigger a response on algal consumers' feeding strategies, and this response may not necessarily be the same for the consumers during the ontogeny. We used a mesocosm's system to expose algae to current and projected OA conditions (390 and 1000ppm, respectively) and then compared the feeding behavior and absorption efficiency of juvenile and adult stages of the amphipod Orchestoidea tuberculata. Specifically, we measured consumption rates (with and without a choice) and absorption efficiency on algae exposed and not exposed to OA. Our results show that OA affect the amphipod's consumption and feeding preferences, and that these effects were related with the analyzed ontogenetic stage (juveniles versus adults). These results support the existence of an ontogenetic change in the response of this species and others similar marine invertebrates to OA, which highlight the need to incorporate different life stages in the study of OA or others global stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Benítez
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological System (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CIICC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological System (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Jorge López
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Patricio H Manríquez
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Avenida Ossandón 877, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Jorge M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cesar C Bonta
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Pedro A Quijón
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
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Ow YX, Vogel N, Collier CJ, Holtum JAM, Flores F, Uthicke S. Nitrate fertilisation does not enhance CO2 responses in two tropical seagrass species. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23093. [PMID: 26976685 PMCID: PMC4792133 DOI: 10.1038/srep23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Seagrasses are often considered "winners" of ocean acidification (OA); however, seagrass productivity responses to OA could be limited by nitrogen availability, since nitrogen-derived metabolites are required for carbon assimilation. We tested nitrogen uptake and assimilation, photosynthesis, growth, and carbon allocation responses of the tropical seagrasses Halodule uninervis and Thalassia hemprichii to OA scenarios (428, 734 and 1213 μatm pCO2) under two nutrients levels (0.3 and 1.9 μM NO3(-)). Net primary production (measured as oxygen production) and growth in H. uninervis increased with pCO2 enrichment, but were not affected by nitrate enrichment. However, nitrate enrichment reduced whole plant respiration in H. uninervis. Net primary production and growth did not show significant changes with pCO2 or nitrate by the end of the experiment (24 d) in T. hemprichii. However, nitrate incorporation in T. hemprichii was higher with nitrate enrichment. There was no evidence that nitrogen demand increased with pCO2 enrichment in either species. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, nutrient increases to levels approximating present day flood plumes only had small effects on metabolism. This study highlights that the paradigm of increased productivity of seagrasses under ocean acidification may not be valid for all species under all environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. X. Ow
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville Queensland 4811, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townville MC Queensland 4810, Australia
- Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Blk S3, #02-05, 117543, Singapore
| | - N. Vogel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townville MC Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - C. J. Collier
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville Queensland 4811, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Water & Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - J. A. M. Holtum
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - F. Flores
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townville MC Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - S. Uthicke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townville MC Queensland 4810, Australia
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Ow YX, Uthicke S, Collier CJ. Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150352. [PMID: 26938454 PMCID: PMC4777487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under future ocean acidification (OA), increased availability of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater may enhance seagrass productivity. However, the ability to utilise additional DIC could be regulated by light availability, often reduced through land runoff. To test this, two tropical seagrass species, Cymodocea serrulata and Halodule uninervis were exposed to two DIC concentrations (447 μatm and 1077 μatm pCO2), and three light treatments (35, 100, 380 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) for two weeks. DIC uptake mechanisms were separately examined by measuring net photosynthetic rates while subjecting C. serrulata and H. uninervis to changes in light and addition of bicarbonate (HCO3-) use inhibitors (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide) and TRIS buffer (pH 8.0). We observed a strong dependence on energy driven H+-HCO3- co-transport (TRIS, which disrupts H+ extrusion) in C. serrulata under all light levels, indicating greater CO2 dependence in low light. This was confirmed when, after two weeks exposure, DIC enrichment stimulated maximum photosynthetic rates (Pmax) and efficiency (α) more in C. serrulata grown under lower light levels (36-60% increase) than for those in high light (4% increase). However, C. serrulata growth increased with both DIC enrichment and light levels. Growth, NPP and photosynthetic responses in H. uninervis increased with higher light treatments and were independent of DIC availability. Furthermore, H. uninervis was found to be more flexible in HCO3- uptake pathways. Here, light availability influenced productivity responses to DIC enrichment, via both carbon fixation and acquisition processes, highlighting the role of water quality in future responses to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan X. Ow
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townville, Queensland, Australia
- Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sven Uthicke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine J. Collier
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Water & Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Olischläger M, Iñiguez C, Gordillo FJL, Wiencke C. Biochemical composition of temperate and Arctic populations of Saccharina latissima after exposure to increased pCO2 and temperature reveals ecotypic variation. PLANTA 2014; 240:1213-24. [PMID: 25156486 PMCID: PMC4228115 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggested that the polar and temperate populations of the kelp Saccharina latissima represent different ecotypes. The ecotypic differentiation might also be reflected in their biochemical composition (BC) under changing temperatures and pCO2. Accordingly, it was tested if the BC of Arctic (Spitsbergen) and temperate S. latissima (Helgoland) is different and if they are differently affected by changes in temperature and pCO2. Thalli from Helgoland grown at 17 °C and 10 °C and from Spitsbergen at 10 °C and 4 °C were all tested at either 380, 800, or 1,500 µatm pCO2, and total C-, total N-, protein, soluble carbohydrate, and lipid content, as well as C/N-ratio were measured. At 10 °C, the Arctic population had a higher content of total C, soluble carbohydrates, and lipids, whereas the N- and protein content was lower. At the lower tested temperature, the Arctic ecotype had particularly higher contents of lipids, while content of soluble carbohydrates increased in the Helgoland population only. In Helgoland-thalli, elevated pCO2 caused a higher content of soluble carbohydrates at 17 °C but lowered the content of N and lipids and increased the C/N-ratio at 10 °C. Elevated pCO2 alone did not affect the BC of the Spitsbergen population. Conclusively, the Arctic ecotype was more resilient to increased pCO2 than the temperate one, and both ecotypes differed in their response pattern to temperature. This differential pattern is discussed in the context of the adaptation of the Arctic ecotype to low temperature and the polar night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Olischläger
- Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Center for Marine and Polar Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany,
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Burnell OW, Connell SD, Irving AD, Watling JR, Russell BD. Contemporary reliance on bicarbonate acquisition predicts increased growth of seagrass Amphibolis antarctica in a high-CO2 world. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 2:cou052. [PMID: 27293673 PMCID: PMC4732469 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cou052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 is increasing the availability of dissolved CO2 in the ocean relative to HCO3 (-). Currently, many marine primary producers use HCO3 (-) for photosynthesis, but this is energetically costly. Increasing passive CO2 uptake relative to HCO3 (-) pathways could provide energy savings, leading to increased productivity and growth of marine plants. Inorganic carbon-uptake mechanisms in the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica were determined using the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (AZ) and the buffer tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS). Amphibolis antarctica seedlings were also maintained in current and forecasted CO2 concentrations to measure their physiology and growth. Photosynthesis of A. antarctica was significantly reduced by AZ and TRIS, indicating utilization of HCO3 (-)-uptake mechanisms. When acclimated plants were switched between CO2 treatments, the photosynthetic rate was dependent on measurement conditions but not growth conditions, indicating a dynamic response to changes in dissolved CO2 concentration, rather than lasting effects of acclimation. At forecast CO2 concentrations, seedlings had a greater maximum electron transport rate (1.4-fold), photosynthesis (2.1-fold), below-ground biomass (1.7-fold) and increase in leaf number (2-fold) relative to plants in the current CO2 concentration. The greater increase in photosynthesis (measured as O2 production) compared with the electron transport rate at forecasted CO2 concentration suggests that photosynthetic efficiency increased, possibly due to a decrease in photorespiration. Thus, it appears that the photosynthesis and growth of seagrasses reliant on energetically costly HCO3 (-) acquisition, such as A. antarctica, might increase at forecasted CO2 concentrations. Greater growth might enhance the future prosperity and rehabilitation of these important habitat-forming plants, which have experienced declines of global significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen W. Burnell
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Sean D. Connell
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Irving
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Watling
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Bayden D. Russell
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Burnell OW, Russell BD, Irving AD, Connell SD. Seagrass response to CO₂ contingent on epiphytic algae: indirect effects can overwhelm direct effects. Oecologia 2014; 176:871-82. [PMID: 25193313 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased availability of dissolved CO2 in the ocean can enhance the productivity and growth of marine plants such as seagrasses and algae, but realised benefits may be contingent on additional conditions (e.g. light) that modify biotic interactions between these plant groups. The combined effects of future CO2 and differing light on the growth of seagrass and their algal epiphytes were tested by maintaining juvenile seagrasses Amphibolis antarctica under three different CO2 concentrations representing ambient, moderate future and high future forecasts (i.e. 390, 650 vs. 900 µl l(-1)) and two light levels representing low and high PAR (i.e. 43 vs. 167 µmol m(-2) s(-1)). Aboveground and belowground biomass, leaf growth, epiphyte cover, tissue chemistry and photosynthetic parameters of seagrasses were measured. At low light, there was a neutral to positive effect of elevated CO2 on seagrass biomass and growth; at high light, this effect of CO2 switched toward negative, as growth and biomass decreased at the highest CO2 level. These opposing responses to CO2 appeared to be closely linked to the overgrowth of seagrass by filamentous algal epiphytes when high light and CO2 were combined. Importantly, all seagrass plants maintained positive leaf growth throughout the experiment, indicating that growth was inhibited by some experimental conditions but not arrested entirely. Therefore, while greater light or elevated CO2 provided direct physiological benefits for seagrasses, such benefits were likely negated by overgrowth of epiphytic algae when greater light and CO2 were combined. This result demonstrates how indirect ecological effects from epiphytes can modify independent physiological predictions for seagrass associated with global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen W Burnell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, Darling Building (DP418), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia,
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Garrard SL, Beaumont NJ. The effect of ocean acidification on carbon storage and sequestration in seagrass beds; a global and UK context. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 86:138-146. [PMID: 25103900 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification will have many negative consequences for marine organisms and ecosystems, leading to a decline in many ecosystem services provided by the marine environment. This study reviews the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on seagrasses, assessing how this may affect their capacity to sequester carbon in the future and providing an economic valuation of these changes. If ocean acidification leads to a significant increase in above- and below-ground biomass, the capacity of seagrass to sequester carbon will be significantly increased. The associated value of this increase in sequestration capacity is approximately £500 and 600 billion globally between 2010 and 2100. A proportionally similar increase in carbon sequestration value was found for the UK. This study highlights one of the few positive stories for ocean acidification and underlines that sustainable management of seagrasses is critical to avoid their continued degradation and loss of carbon sequestration capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Garrard
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK; Marine and Fisheries Unit, Ascension Island Government Conservation Department, Georgetown, Ascension Island, South Atlantic ASCN 1ZZ, UK.
| | - Nicola J Beaumont
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
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Apostolaki ET, Vizzini S, Hendriks IE, Olsen YS. Seagrass ecosystem response to long-term high CO2 in a Mediterranean volcanic vent. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 99:9-15. [PMID: 25081848 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We examined the long-term effect of naturally acidified water on a Cymodocea nodosa meadow growing at a shallow volcanic CO2 vent in Vulcano Island (Italy). Seagrass and adjacent unvegetated habitats growing at a low pH station (pH = 7.65 ± 0.02) were compared with corresponding habitats at a control station (pH = 8.01 ± 0.01). Density and biomass showed a clear decreasing trend at the low pH station and the below- to above-ground biomass ratio was more than 10 times lower compared to the control. C content and δ(13)C of leaves and epiphytes were significantly lower at the low pH station. Photosynthetic activity of C. nodosa was stimulated by low pH as seen by the significant increase in Chla content of leaves, maximum electron transport rate and compensation irradiance. Seagrass community metabolism was intense at the low pH station, with significantly higher net community production, respiration and gross primary production than the control community, whereas metabolism of the unvegetated community did not differ between stations. Productivity was promoted by the low pH, but this was not translated into biomass, probably due to nutrient limitation, grazing or poor environmental conditions. The results indicate that seagrass response in naturally acidified conditions is dependable upon species and geochemical characteristics of the site and highlight the need for a better understanding of complex interactions in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia T Apostolaki
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, PO Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Salvatrice Vizzini
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Iris E Hendriks
- Global Change Department, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), c/ Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Ylva S Olsen
- Global Change Department, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), c/ Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain; The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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50
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Poore AGB, Graba-Landry A, Favret M, Sheppard Brennand H, Byrne M, Dworjanyn SA. Direct and indirect effects of ocean acidification and warming on a marine plant-herbivore interaction. Oecologia 2013; 173:1113-24. [PMID: 23673470 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of climatic change on organisms depend on the interaction of multiple stressors and how these may affect the interactions among species. Consumer-prey relationships may be altered by changes to the abundance of either species, or by changes to the per capita interaction strength among species. To examine the effects of multiple stressors on a species interaction, we test the direct, interactive effects of ocean warming and lowered pH on an abundant marine herbivore (the amphipod Peramphithoe parmerong), and whether this herbivore is affected indirectly by these stressors altering the palatability of its algal food (Sargassum linearifolium). Both increased temperature and lowered pH independently reduced amphipod survival and growth, with the impacts of temperature outweighing those associated with reduced pH. Amphipods were further affected indirectly by changes to the palatability of their food source. The temperature and pH conditions in which algae were grown interacted to affect algal palatability, with acidified conditions only affecting feeding rates when algae were also grown at elevated temperatures. Feeding rates were largely unaffected by the conditions faced by the herbivore while feeding. These results indicate that, in addition to the direct effects on herbivore abundance, climatic stressors will affect the strength of plant-herbivore interactions by changes to the susceptibility of plant tissues to herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair G B Poore
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia,
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