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Chihara S, Ishigo T, Kazuma S, Matsumoto K, Morita K, Masuda Y. Association between Extended Meropenem Regimen and Achievement of Aggressive PK/PD in Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for Septic AKI. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:755. [PMID: 39200055 PMCID: PMC11350760 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggressive pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) targets have shown better microbiological eradication rates and a lower propensity to develop resistant strains than conservative targets. We investigated whether meropenem blood levels, including aggressive PK/PD, were acceptable in terms of efficacy and safety using a meropenem regimen of 1 g infusion every 8 h over 3 h in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Aggressive PK/PD targets were defined as the percentage of time that the free concentration (%fT) > 4 × minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), the toxicity threshold was defined as a trough concentration >45 mg/L, and the percentage of achievement at each MIC was evaluated. The 100% fT > 4 × MIC for a pathogen with an MIC of 0.5 mg/L was 89%, and that for a pathogen with an MIC of 2 mg/L was 56%. The mean steady-state trough concentration of meropenem was 11.9 ± 9.0 mg/L and the maximum steady-state trough concentration was 29.2 mg/L. Simulations using Bayesian estimation showed the probability of achieving 100% fT > 4 × MIC for up to an MIC of 2 mg/L for the administered administration via continuous infusion at 3 g/24 h. We found that an aggressive PK/PD could be achieved up to an MIC of 0.5 mg/L with a meropenem regimen of 1 g infused every 8 h over 3 h for patients receiving CRRT for septic AKI. In addition, the risk of reaching the toxicity range with this regimen is low. In addition, if the MIC was 1-2 mg/L, the simulation results indicated that aggressive PK/PD can be achieved by continuous infusion at 3 g/24 h without increasing the daily dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Chihara
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan; (S.C.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Japan Health Care University Faculty of Health Sciences, Sapporo 062-0053, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ishigo
- Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan; (T.I.)
| | - Satoshi Kazuma
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan; (S.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kana Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Kunihiko Morita
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (K.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Yoshiki Masuda
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan; (S.C.); (Y.M.)
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Cicchinelli S, Pignataro G, Gemma S, Piccioni A, Picozzi D, Ojetti V, Franceschi F, Candelli M. PAMPs and DAMPs in Sepsis: A Review of Their Molecular Features and Potential Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:962. [PMID: 38256033 PMCID: PMC10815927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated immune host reaction to a pathogen. The innate immunity is programmed to react immediately to conserved molecules, released by the pathogens (PAMPs), and the host (DAMPs). We aimed to review the molecular mechanisms of the early phases of sepsis, focusing on PAMPs, DAMPs, and their related pathways, to identify potential biomarkers. We included studies published in English and searched on PubMed® and Cochrane®. After a detailed discussion on the actual knowledge of PAMPs/DAMPs, we analyzed their role in the different organs affected by sepsis, trying to elucidate the molecular basis of some of the most-used prognostic scores for sepsis. Furthermore, we described a chronological trend for the release of PAMPs/DAMPs that may be useful to identify different subsets of septic patients, who may benefit from targeted therapies. These findings are preliminary since these pathways seem to be strongly influenced by the peculiar characteristics of different pathogens and host features. Due to these reasons, while initial findings are promising, additional studies are necessary to clarify the potential involvement of these molecular patterns in the natural evolution of sepsis and to facilitate their transition into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cicchinelli
- Department of Emergency, S.S. Filippo e Nicola Hospital, 67051 Avezzano, Italy;
| | - Giulia Pignataro
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRRCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Stefania Gemma
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRRCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRRCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Domitilla Picozzi
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRRCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRRCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRRCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRRCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
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Teixeira JP, Zeidman A, Beaubien-Souligny W, Cerdá J, Connor MJ, Eggleston K, Juncos LA, da Silva JR, Wells C, Yessayan L, Barker AB, McConville W, Speer R, Wille KM, Neyra JA, Tolwani A. Proceedings of the 2022 UAB CRRT Academy: Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring to Guide Fluid Removal with CRRT and Proliferation of Extracorporeal Blood Purification Devices. Blood Purif 2023; 52:857-879. [PMID: 37742622 DOI: 10.1159/000533573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In 2022, we celebrated the 15th anniversary of the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) Academy, a 2-day conference attended yearly by an international audience of over 100 nephrology, critical care, and multidisciplinary trainees and practitioners. This year, we introduce the proceedings of the UAB CRRT Academy, a yearly review of select emerging topics in the field of critical care nephrology that feature prominently in the conference. First, we review the rapidly evolving field of non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring and its potential to guide fluid removal by renal replacement therapy (RRT). We begin by summarizing the accumulating data associating fluid overload with harm in critical illness and the potential for harm from end-organ hypoperfusion caused by excessive fluid removal with RRT, underscoring the importance of accurate, dynamic assessment of volume status. We describe four applications of point-of-care ultrasound used to identify patients in need of urgent fluid removal or likely to tolerate fluid removal: lung ultrasound, inferior vena cava ultrasound, venous excess ultrasonography, and Doppler of the left ventricular outflow track to estimate stroke volume. We briefly introduce other minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring technologies before concluding that additional prospective data are urgently needed to adapt these technologies to the specific task of fluid removal by RRT and to learn how best to integrate them into practical fluid-management strategies. Second, we focus on the growth of novel extracorporeal blood purification devices, starting with brief reviews of the inflammatory underpinnings of multiorgan dysfunction and the specific applications of pathogen, endotoxin, and/or cytokine removal and immunomodulation. Finally, we review a series of specific adsorptive technologies, several of which have seen substantial clinical use during the COVID-19 pandemic, describing their mechanisms of target removal, the limited existing data supporting their efficacy, ongoing and future studies, and the need for additional prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pedro Teixeira
- Division of Nephrology and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amanda Zeidman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jorge Cerdá
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael J Connor
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Luis A Juncos
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans' Healthcare System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Catherine Wells
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lenar Yessayan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew B Barker
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wendy McConville
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rajesh Speer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Keith M Wille
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Javier A Neyra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ashita Tolwani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Gao Y, Huang X, Yang Y, Lei Z, Chen Q, Guo X, Tian J, Gao X. Clinical analysis of AN69ST membrane continuous venous hemofiltration in the treatment of severe sepsis. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230784. [PMID: 37724124 PMCID: PMC10505301 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of blood purification technology based on cytokine adsorption in the treatment of sepsis. Sixty patients with sepsis were randomly divided into control (n = 30) and experimental (n = 30) groups. Both groups were given routine treatment and continuous venovenous hemofiltration, and on this basis, the experimental group received acrylonitrile/sodium methacrylate (AN69ST) blood purification. The levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, white blood cell count, albumin, platelets, total bilirubin, creatinine, lactic acid, and APACE II score, as well as secretion of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were compared. The hospitalization time, mechanical ventilation (MV) time, drug use time, and mortality were analyzed. After treatment, the secretion levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased, and other indicators were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05), especially in the experimental group (P < 0.05). The hospitalization time, MV time, and drug use time in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), and the mortality was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, blood purification technology based on cytokine adsorption can significantly improve various indicators of sepsis patients, reduce hospitalization time, reduce mortality, and improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Gao
- Intensive Medical Unit, Hainan Medical University, 571199Haikou, China
- Intensive Medical Unit, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Intensive Medical Unit, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Intensive Medical Unit, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenlin Lei
- Intensive Medical Unit, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Qingan Chen
- Intensive Medical Unit, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Intensive Medical Unit, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Intensive Medical Unit, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, 570311Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Gao
- Intensive Medical Unit, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, 570311Haikou, China
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Nakamura Y, Hatomoto H, Yamasaki S, Yamauchi K, Kiyomi F, Hoshino K, Kawano Y, Nakano T, Hasegawa T, Ishikura H. Comparison of the cytokine adsorption ability in continuous renal replacement therapy using polyethyleneimine-coated polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST) or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hemofilters: a pilot single-center open-label randomized control trial. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:208. [PMID: 37391846 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis occurs as a result of dysregulated host response to infection. However, cytokine adsorption therapy may restore the balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediator responses in patients with sepsis. This study aimed to determine the cytokine adsorption ability of two different types of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) hemofilters for polyethyleneimine-coated polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST) (surface-treated) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) CRRT. METHODS We performed a randomized controlled trial among sepsis patients undergoing CRRT, who were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either AN69ST or PMMA-CRRT. The primary outcome was cytokine clearance of hemofilter adsorption (CHA). The secondary endpoints were the intensive care unit (ICU) and 28-day mortalities. RESULTS We randomly selected 52 patients. Primary outcome data were available for 26 patients each in the AN69ST-CRRT and PMMA-CRRT arms. The CHA of high-mobility group box 1, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-8, monokine induced by interferon-γ, and macrophage inflammatory protein were significantly higher in the AN69ST-CRRT group than in the PMMA-CRRT group (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, the CHA of IL-6 was significantly higher in the PMMA-CRRT group than in the AN69ST-CRRT group (P < 0.001). In addition, the 28-day mortality was not significantly different between the two groups (50% in AN69ST-CRRT vs. 30.8% in PMMA-CRRT, P = 0.26). CONCLUSION AN69ST and PMMA membranes have different cytokine CHA in patients with sepsis. Therefore, these two hemofilters may have to be used depending on the target cytokine. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network on November 1, 2017 (Trial No: UMIN000029450, https://center6.umin.ac.jp ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nakamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Hatomoto
- Department of Clinical Engineer Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamasaki
- Department of Clinical Engineer Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamauchi
- Department of Clinical Engineer Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Kota Hoshino
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kawano
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Hasegawa
- Research and Development Division, Sysmex R&D Centre Europe GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hiroyasu Ishikura
- Department of Clinical Engineer Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Matsuura R, Komaru Y, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida T, Yoshimoto K, Yamashita T, Hamasaki Y, Noiri E, Nangaku M, Doi K. HMGB1 Is a Prognostic Factor for Mortality in Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy. Blood Purif 2023; 52:660-667. [PMID: 37336200 PMCID: PMC10614245 DOI: 10.1159/000530774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
INSTRUCTION High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that reportedly causes kidney injury and other organ damage in rodent acute kidney injury (AKI) models. However, it remains unclear whether HMGB1 is associated with clinical AKI and related outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the association with HMGB1 and prognosis of AKI requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). METHODS AKI patients treated with CRRT in our intensive care unit were enrolled consecutively during 2013-2016. Plasma HMGB1 was measured on initiation. Classic initiation was defined as presenting at least one of the following conventional indications: hyperkalemia (K ≥6.5 mEq/L), severe acidosis (pH <7.15), uremia (UN >100 mg/dL), and diuretics-resistant pulmonary edema. Early initiation was defined as presenting no conventional indications. The primary outcome was defined as 90-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 177 AKI patients were enrolled in this study. HMGB1 was significantly associated with the primary outcome (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.08). When the patients were divided into two-by-two groups by the timing of CRRT initiation and the HMBG1 cutoff value obtained by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, the high HMGB1 group (>10 ng/mL) with classic initiation was significantly associated with the primary outcome compared with the others, even after adjusting for other factors including the nonrenal serial organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. CONCLUSION HMGB1 was associated with 90-day mortality in AKI patients requiring CRRT. Notably, the highest mortality was observed in the high HMGB1 group with classic initiation. These findings suggest that CRRT should be considered for AKI patients with high HMGB1, regardless of the conventional indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsuura
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Komaru
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Miyamoto
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshimoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yamashita
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hamasaki
- Department of Dialysis and Apheresis, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisei Noiri
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dialysis and Apheresis, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Li Y, Chen Y, Yang T, Chang K, Deng N, Zhao W, Su B. Targeting circulating high mobility group box-1 and histones by extracorporeal blood purification as an immunomodulation strategy against critical illnesses. Crit Care 2023; 27:77. [PMID: 36855150 PMCID: PMC9972334 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Both high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and histones are major damage-associated molecular patterns (DAPMs) that mediate lethal systemic inflammation, activation of the complement and coagulation system, endothelial injury and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critical illnesses. Although accumulating evidence collectively shows that targeting HMGB1 or histones by their specific antibodies or inhibitors could significantly mitigate aberrant immune responses in multiple critically ill animal models, routine clinical use of such agents is still not recommended by any guideline. In contrast, extracorporeal blood purification, which has been widely used to replace dysfunctional organs and remove exogenous or endogenous toxins in intensive care units, may also exert an immunomodulatory effect by eliminating inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, endotoxin, HMGB1 and histones in patients with critical illnesses. In this review, we summarize the multiple immunopathological roles of HMGB1 and histones in mediating inflammation, immune thrombosis and organ dysfunction and discuss the rationale for the removal of these DAMPs using various hemofilters. The latest preclinical and clinical evidence for the use of extracorporeal blood purification to improve the clinical outcome of critically ill patients by targeting circulating HMGB1 and histones is also gathered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinghang Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaixi Chang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ningyue Deng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Baihai Su
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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8
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Ronco C, Chawla L, Husain-Syed F, Kellum JA. Rationale for sequential extracorporeal therapy (SET) in sepsis. Crit Care 2023; 27:50. [PMID: 36750878 PMCID: PMC9904264 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock remain drivers for morbidity and mortality in critical illness. The clinical picture of patients presenting with these syndromes evolves rapidly and may be characterised by: (a) microbial host invasion, (b) establishment of an infection focus, (c) opsonisation of bacterial products (e.g. lipopolysaccharide), (d) recognition of pathogens resulting in an immune response, (e) cellular and humoral effects of circulating pathogen and pathogen products, (f) immunodysregulation and endocrine effects of cytokines, (g) endothelial and organ damage, and (h) organ crosstalk and multiple organ dysfunction. Each step may be a potential target for a specific therapeutic approach. At various stages, extracorporeal therapies may target circulating molecules for removal. In sequence, we could consider: (a) pathogen removal from the circulation with affinity binders and cartridges (specific), (b) circulating endotoxin removal by haemoperfusion with polymyxin B adsorbers (specific), (c) cytokine removal by haemoperfusion with sorbent cartridges or adsorbing membranes (non-specific), (d) extracorporeal organ support with different techniques for respiratory and cardiac support (CO2 removal or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), and renal support (haemofiltration, haemodialysis, or ultrafiltration). The sequence of events and the use of different techniques at different points for specific targets will likely require trials with endpoints other than mortality. Instead, the primary objectives should be to achieve the desired action by using extracorporeal therapy at a specific point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ronco
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, IRRIV Foundation, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, St. Bortolo Hospital, aULSS8 Berica, Via Rodolfi, 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Lakhmir Chawla
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Faeq Husain-Syed
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - John A Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, CRISMA, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Spectral Medical, 135 The West Mall, Unit 2, Toronto, M9C 1C2, Canada
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9
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Hayashi K, Sasabuchi Y, Matsui H, Nakajima M, Ohbe H, Fushimi K, Ono K, Yasunaga H. Additive effectiveness of acrylonitrile-co-methallyl sulfonate surface-treated membranes in the treatment of pneumonia: A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study. Artif Organs 2023; 47:408-416. [PMID: 36310400 PMCID: PMC10099711 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acrylonitrile-co-methallyl sulfonate surface-treated (AN69ST) membrane has cytokine adsorption capacity and is used for treating sepsis. This study aimed to compare the effects of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) using the AN69ST membrane with those of CRRT using other membranes for patients with pneumonia-associated sepsis. METHODS This retrospective, propensity score-matched, cohort study was based on a nationwide Japanese inpatient database. We included data from adults hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia, who received CRRT using either the AN69ST membrane or another membrane within 2 days of admission, and who were discharged from the hospitals between September 2014, and March 2017. Propensity score matching was used to compare in-hospital mortality between the two groups. RESULTS Eligible patients (N = 2393) were categorized into an AN69ST group (N = 631) and a non-AN69ST group (N = 1762). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 38.9%. Among the 545 propensity-matched patient pairs, the in-hospital mortality rate was significantly lower in the AN69ST group than in the non-AN69ST group (35.8 vs. 41.8%, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with pneumonia-associated sepsis treated with CRRT, CRRT with the AN69ST membrane was associated with a significantly lower in-hospital mortality than CRRT with standard membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hayashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Emergency and Critical Care Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohbe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ono
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Kurachi A, Ishida Y, Nakazawa K, Okada T, Kishida T, Uchino H. Necrotizing fasciitis and septic shock due to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in an elderly patient: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e6846. [PMID: 36698511 PMCID: PMC9850853 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) has a high mortality rate, and most patients die within a few days of onset. We report an elderly patient with STSS, necrotizing fasciitis and septic shock caused by group G streptococcus who was successfully treated with multidisciplinary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kurachi
- Department of AnesthesiologyTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yusuke Ishida
- Department of AnesthesiologyTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Koichi Nakazawa
- Department of AnesthesiologyTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Toshio Okada
- Department of AnesthesiologyTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takumi Kishida
- Department of AnesthesiologyTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchino
- Department of AnesthesiologyTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
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11
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Zhou L, Zhang D, Kong L, Xu X, Gong D. Clinical improvement of sepsis by extracorporeal centrifugal leukocyte apheresis in a porcine model. J Transl Med 2022; 20:538. [PMID: 36419190 PMCID: PMC9682844 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal blood purification therapies targeting removal of the downstream products of the inflammatory cascade in sepsis have failed to improve mortality. As an upstream process of the inflammatory cascade, activated white blood cells should be a potential therapeutic target for sepsis, and the effect of removing such cells by extracorporeal centrifugal leukocytapheresis (LCAP) is worth considering. METHODS Fourteen peritonitis-induced septic pigs were randomly assigned to receive a sham operation (control group, n = 7) or one session of LCAP at 12 h after sepsis induction (treatment group, n = 7). Samples from peripheral blood at various time-points and from LCAP collection were tested. All pigs were euthanized at 48 h, and lung, kidney, liver and spleen tissues were obtained for histopathological examination. RESULTS Two pigs died in accidents before the induction of sepsis, and 12 pigs were finally included for the statistical analysis. A significant clinical improvement was present in the treatment group relative to the control group in terms of the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), oxygen tension (PaO2), lactic acid level, oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), and carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2, P < 0.05). Flow cytometry tests showed that a mixture of B cells, dendritic cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, monocytes and neutrophils were removed from the circulation by LCAP, resulting in sepsis-induced change trends in the control cells; these change trends were all flattened in the treatment group, although nonsignificantly. CONCLUSIONS LCAP may exert a wide-spectrum and bidirectional immunomodulatory effect on sepsis, accompanied by improvements in hemodynamics and oxygenation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Ling Kong
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Dehua Gong
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210016, China.
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12
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Nakamura T, Moriyama K, Kuriyama N, Hara Y, Komatsu S, Kawaji T, Kato Y, Ishihara T, Shintani A, Nishida O. A Larger Membrane Area Increases Cytokine Removal in Polymethyl Methacrylate Hemofilters. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:811. [PMID: 36005726 PMCID: PMC9413121 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Blood purification is performed to control cytokines in critically ill patients. The relationship between the clearance (CL) and the membrane area during adsorption is not clear. We hypothesized that the CL increases with the hydrophobic area when hydrophobic binding contributes to cytokine adsorption. We investigated the relationship between the hemofilter membrane area and the CL of the high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We performed experimental hemofiltration in vitro using polymethyl methacrylate membranes CH-1.8W (1.8 m2) and CH-1.0N (1.0 m2), as well as polysulfone membrane NV-18X (1.8 m2). After adding 100 mg of HMGB1 or 10 μg of IL-6 into the test solution, experimental hemofiltration was conducted for 360 min in a closed-loop circulation system, and the same amount of HMGB1 and IL-6 was added after 180 min. With CH-1.8W and CH-1.0N, both HMGB-1 and IL-6 showed a rapid concentration decrease of more than 70% at 180 min and 360 min after the re-addition. At 15 min, the CL of HMGB-1 was CH-1.8W: 28.4 and CH-1.0N: 19.8, and that of IL-6 was CH-1.8W: 41.1 and CH-1.0N: 25.4. CH-1.8W and CH-1.0N removed HMGB1 and IL-6 by adsorption and CH-1.8W was superior in CL, which increased with a greater membrane area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Moriyama
- Laboratory for Immune Response and Regulatory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naohide Kuriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawaji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishihara
- Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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13
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Paek SW, Balasubramanian S, Stupples D. Composites Additive Manufacturing for Space Applications: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:4709. [PMID: 35806833 PMCID: PMC9267820 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of 3D printed composites has a wide range of applications for ground preparation of space systems, in-orbit manufacturing, or even in-situ resource utilisation on planetary surfaces. The recent developments in composites additive manufacturing (AM) technologies include indoor experimentation on the International Space Station, and technological demonstrations will follow using satellite platforms on the Low Earth Orbits (LEOs) in the next few years. This review paper surveys AM technologies for varied off-Earth purposes where components or tools made of composite materials become necessary: mechanical, electrical, electrochemical and medical applications. Recommendations are also made on how to utilize AM technologies developed for ground applications, both commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) and laboratory-based, to reduce development costs and promote sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Paek
- School of Science & Technology, City University London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK;
| | | | - David Stupples
- School of Science & Technology, City University London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK;
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14
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Uchida M, Sawada M, Yamazaki S, Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Ishii I. Contribution of diafiltration and adsorption to vancomycin clearance in a continuous hemodiafiltration circuit model in vitro. Artif Organs 2022; 46:1086-1096. [PMID: 35048387 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vancomycin (VCM) is eliminated mainly by diafiltration under continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF), but the contribution of adsorption to CHDF clearance (CLCHDF ) of VCM using a polyacrylonitrile and sodium methallyl sulfonate copolymer membrane coated with polyethylenimine (AN69ST) or a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membrane is unknown. This study sought to investigate the contribution of diafiltration and adsorption to the CLCHDF of VCM using AN69ST and PMMA membranes in vitro. METHODS An in vitro CHDF circuit model was developed. The initial concentration of VCM was 50 μg/mL and human serum albumin (HSA) was prepared at a concentration of 0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/dL. The effluent flow rate (Qe) was set at 800, 1500, or 3000 mL/h. The CLCHDF , diafiltration rate, and adsorption rate of VCM were calculated. RESULTS Total CLCHDF of VCM using the AN69ST membrane increased and decreased with increasing Qe and HSA concentration, respectively. Diafiltration and adsorption rates were 82.1 ± 9.8% and 12.1 ± 6.1% under all conditions, respectively. Total CLCHDF using the PMMA membrane increased with increasing Qe. Diafiltration and adsorption rates were 89.2 ± 20.4% and 4.6 ± 17.0% under all conditions, respectively. The observed CLCHDF values significantly correlated with the predicted CLCHDF , calculated according to a previous study as the product of Qe and the plasma unbound fraction. CONCLUSIONS Diafiltration predominantly contributed to CLCHDF of VCM using AN69ST and PMMA membranes. When diafiltration rather than adsorption mainly contributes to the CLCHDF of VCM, the CLCHDF could be predicted from the Qe and HSA concentration, at least in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Uchida
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mifuyu Sawada
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamazaki
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Itsuko Ishii
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Moriyama K, Nishida O. Targeting Cytokines, Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns, and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Sepsis via Blood Purification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8882. [PMID: 34445610 PMCID: PMC8396222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infections that causes life-threatening organ dysfunction and even death. When infections occur, bacterial cell wall components (endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide), known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, bind to pattern recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors, to initiate an inflammatory response for pathogen elimination. However, strong activation of the immune system leads to cellular dysfunction and ultimately organ failure. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are released by injured host cells, are well-recognized triggers that result in the elevation of inflammatory cytokine levels. A cytokine storm is thus amplified and sustained in this vicious cycle. Interestingly, during sepsis, neutrophils transition from powerful antimicrobial protectors into dangerous mediators of tissue injury and organ dysfunction. Thus, the concept of blood purification has evolved to include inflammatory cells and mediators. In this review, we summarize recent advances in knowledge regarding the role of lipopolysaccharides, cytokines, DAMPs, and neutrophils in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Additionally, we discuss the potential of blood purification, especially the adsorption technology, for removing immune cells and molecular mediators, thereby serving as a therapeutic strategy against sepsis. Finally, we describe the concept of our immune-modulating blood purification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Moriyama
- Laboratory for Immune Response and Regulatory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
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16
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Suzuki S, Moriyama K, Hara Y, Hinoue T, Kato Y, Hasegawa D, Kuriyama N, Nakamura T, Komatsu S, Yamashita C, Komura H, Nishida O. Comparison of myoglobin clearance in three types of blood purification modalities. Ther Apher Dial 2021; 25:401-406. [PMID: 33886132 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myoglobin, which can cause acute kidney injury, has a relatively high molecular weight and is poorly cleared by diffusion. We compared and examined myoglobin clearance by changing the blood purification membrane and modality in patients with a myoglobin blood concentration ≥ 1000 ng/ml. We retrospectively analyzed three patient groups based on the following three types of continuous hemofiltration (CHF): AN69ST membrane, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membrane, and high-flow hemodiafiltration (HDF) with increased dialysate flow rate using the PMMA membrane. There was no significant difference in clearance in CHF between AN69ST and PMMA membranes. However, the high-flow HDF group showed the highest myoglobin clearance (p = 0.003). In the PMMA membrane, changing the treatment modality to high-flow HDF increased clearance above the theoretical value, possibly due to internal filtration. To remove myoglobin by kidney replacement therapy from patients with hypermyoglobinemia, a modality such as high-flow HDF would be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Moriyama
- Laboratory for Immune Response and Regulatory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Hinoue
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohide Kuriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chizuru Yamashita
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Komura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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17
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18
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Redant S, De Bels D, Honoré PM. Rationale of Blood Purification in the Post-Resuscitation Syndrome following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Narrative Review. Blood Purif 2021; 50:750-757. [PMID: 33440377 DOI: 10.1159/000510127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Even today, little is known about the pathophysiology of the post-resuscitation syndrome. Our narrative review is one of the first summarizing all the knowledge about this phenomenon. We have focused our review upon the potential role of blood purification in attenuating the consequences of the post-resuscitation syndrome. Blood purification can decrease the cytokine storm particularly when using a CytoSorb absorber. Acrylonitrile 69-based oXiris membranes can remove endotoxin and high-mobility group box 1 protein. Blood purification techniques can quickly induce hypothermia. Blood purification can be used with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to remove excess water. Further trials are needed to provide more concrete data about the use of blood purification in the post-resuscitation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Redant
- Department of Intensive Care, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium,
| | - David De Bels
- Department of Intensive Care, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Patrick M Honoré
- Department of Intensive Care, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
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19
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most frequent complications of sepsis. Because sepsis and AKI synergistically worsen the outcomes of critically ill patients, better therapeutics against septic AKI urgently are required. In addition to the complexity of disease mechanisms of both sepsis and AKI, there is substantial regional variation in clinical practice, which further hampers the development of new treatments for septic AKI. To overcome this problem, evidence accumulation is necessary for building the foundation for developing novel septic AKI treatments. This review provides a summary of updated evidence regarding septic AKI from Asian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yoshimoto
- Department of Acute Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Komaru
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Iwagami
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Acute Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Chen G, Zhou Y, Ma J, Xia P, Qin Y, Li X. Is there a role for blood purification therapies targeting cytokine storm syndrome in critically severe COVID-19 patients? Ren Fail 2020; 42:483-488. [PMID: 32438839 PMCID: PMC7946020 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1764369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread over many countries and regions since the end of 2019, becoming the most severe public health event at present. Most of the critical cases developed multiple organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) may complicate the process of severe COVID-19 patients. This manuscript reviews the different aspects of blood purification in critically ill patients with AKI and increased inflammatory factors, and examines its potential role in severe COVID-19 treatment. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been practiced in many sepsis patients with AKI. Still, the timing and dosing need further robust evidence. In addition to the traditional CRRT, the high-throughput membrane with adsorption function and cytokine adsorption column are two representatives of recently emerging novel membrane technologies. Their potential in removing inflammatory factors and other toxins prospects for the treatment of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Nephrology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangzhong Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Nephrology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Nephrology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Nephrology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Nephrology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Honore PM, Redant S, De Bels D. Reliability of biomarkers of sepsis during extracorporeal therapies: the clinician needs to know what is eliminated and what is not. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2020; 24:553. [PMID: 32917263 PMCID: PMC7483498 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Honore
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Place Van Gehuchtenplein,4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sebastien Redant
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Place Van Gehuchtenplein,4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David De Bels
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Place Van Gehuchtenplein,4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Moriyama K, Kato Y, Hasegawa D, Kurimoto Y, Kawaji T, Nakamura T, Kuriyama N, Shimomura Y, Nishida O. Involvement of ionic interactions in cytokine adsorption of polyethyleneimine-coated polyacrylonitrile and polymethyl methacrylate membranes in vitro. J Artif Organs 2020; 23:240-246. [PMID: 32394409 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-020-01173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyethyleneimine-coated polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) membranes are effective cytokine-adsorbing hemofilters; however, the cytokine-adsorption mechanism remains elusive. This study investigated the involvement of ionic interactions in cytokine adsorption to a negatively charged AN69ST membrane and neutral-charged PMMA membrane. Experimental hemofiltration was performed for 30 min in a closed-loop circulation system using AN69ST and PMMA hemofilters. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 concentrations in the test solutions were measured at baseline and at 10 min and 30 min into hemofiltration. To investigate the involvement of ionic interactions in cytokine adsorption, cytokine clearance (CL) was calculated at 10 min into hemofiltration and with three types of solutions at various pH levels (7.6, 7.2, and 6.8). During AN69ST hemofiltration, the CLs of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were 38 ± 6 mL/min, 23 ± 7 mL/min, and 78 ± 3 mL/min, respectively, demonstrating a relationship with their respective isoelectric points. During PMMA hemofiltration, the CL of IL-6 peaked at 31 ± 76 mL/min, with no relationship observed between the CL and isoelectric point. When the pH of the test solution shifted from 7.6 to 6.8, the CLs of TNF-α, IL6, and IL-8 increased in the AN69ST hemofilter; whereas, no such trend was observed in the PMMA hemofilter. These results indicated that Ionic interactions play a role in cytokine adsorption by the AN69ST membrane but not the PMMA membrane and highlight the clinical relevance of this finding, as well as the potential practical applications for further hemofilter design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Moriyama
- Laboratory for Immune Response and Regulatory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kurimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawaji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohide Kuriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Shimomura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Harano Y, Ishikawa Y, Hattori K, Ichinose M, Tomofuji Y, Okano H, Owada G, Kimura Y, Nanao T, Fujimoto J, Nishizawa H, Iioka Y, Osada J, Fujiwara M, Kita Y. A case of complete atrioventricular block in secondary hemophagocytic syndrome/hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis recovered by plasma exchange and cytokine absorbing therapy with AN69ST continuous hemodiafiltration. Immunol Med 2020; 43:171-178. [PMID: 32374660 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1761145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of incipient systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that rapidly progressed to complete atrioventricular block (cAVB). A 20-year-old man was admitted with facial erythema, painless oral aphtha, polyarthritis, and myalgia of each extremity. On admission, he developed first-degree atrioventricular block, pericarditis, pleuritis, renal failure, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, neurophychiatric SLE (left cerebellar infarction), and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. He was subsequently diagnosed with SLE based on several positive findings on immunological tests (including positive for antinuclear antibody). Despite immediate glucocorticoid pulse therapy and plasma exchange (PE) along with antibiotic, he developed cAVB that required temporary pacing on day 2. Because it was thought that hypercytokinemia exacerbated pericarditis, which progressed to myocarditis and cAVB, we decided to PE and cytokine-adsorbing therapy with AN69ST-continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF). Other than renal failure, his organ dysfunctions improved with the multidisciplinary therapy. CAVB improved and temporary pacing was no longer required on day 11. Even a first-degree atrioventricular block can rapidly progress to cAVB; therefore, strict attention to electrocardiogram is necessary in severe SLE cases. When presenting with organ dysfunctions caused by hypercytokinemia such as severe SLE cases or SLE with severe infection cases, use of the combination of PE and AN69ST-CHDF might be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Harano
- Department of Rheumatology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koto Hattori
- Department of Rheumatology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mami Ichinose
- Department of Rheumatology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Okano
- Department of Central Intensive Care Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gen Owada
- Department of Central Intensive Care Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kimura
- Department of Central Intensive Care Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taikan Nanao
- Department of Central Intensive Care Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujimoto
- Department of Central Intensive Care Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideo Nishizawa
- Department of Central Intensive Care Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuto Iioka
- Department of Cardiology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Osada
- Department of Cardiology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michio Fujiwara
- Department of Rheumatology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kita
- Department of Rheumatology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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Oda K, Jono H, Sagishima K, Saito H. Augmented teicoplanin clearance through probable adsorption onto a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) hemofilter during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. J Infect Chemother 2020; 26:992-994. [PMID: 32334950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria, is used during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), though adsorption onto a hemofilter has been observed in an in-vitro study. We report a case of extensive augmentation of teicoplanin clearance by a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) hemofilter. A 74-year-old man (body weight 53 kg) was performed CVVHDF with the PMMA hemofilter. The effluent flow rate maintained at 600-650 mL/h. The measured teicoplanin clearance was 31.0 mL/min, and the clearance was reduced to 11.1 mL/min over the next 6.5 hours. In conclusion, we should closely monitor teicoplanin dosing during CVVHDF using a PMMA membrane hemofilter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Oda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Sagishima
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Nakamura T, Moriyama K, Shimomura Y, Kato Y, Kuriyama N, Hara Y, Yamada S, Nishida O. Adsorption kinetics of high mobility group box 1 protein in a polyacrylonitrile hemofiltration membrane. Ther Apher Dial 2020; 25:66-72. [PMID: 32216030 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is recognized as a prototypical endogenous danger cytokine in sepsis. We previously reported that a polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST) membrane rapidly adsorbed HMGB1. Herein, an in vitro hemofiltration system was designed to assess the HMGB1 adsorption capacity, adsorption sites, and adsorption mechanism of the AN69ST membrane. HMGB1 was repeatedly added seven times during hemofiltration. A rapid decrease in circulating HMGB1 was observed after every addition with no sign of saturation. Presence of HMGB1 on the filter membrane was observed on both membrane surfaces and within the bulk layer using a high concentration of HMGB1 by immunoelectron microscopy. We hypothesized that the addition of heparin to the membrane surface or filtration rate would contribute to the adsorption mechanism. We could not measure the influence of heparin and filtration. Although the membrane was too large to saturate under the μg/mL HMGB1 conditions, our results show that the AN69ST membrane has a robust absorption capacity that could be used to treat sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Moriyama
- Laboratory for Immune Response and Regulatory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Shimomura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohide Kuriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Hiraiwa T, Moriyama K, Matsumoto K, Shimomura Y, Kato Y, Yamashita C, Hara Y, Kawaji T, Kurimoto Y, Nakamura T, Kuriyama N, Shibata J, Komura H, Morita K, Nishida O. In vitro Evaluation of Linezolid and Doripenem Clearance with Different Hemofilters. Blood Purif 2020; 49:295-301. [PMID: 31995801 DOI: 10.1159/000504039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is widely used in the treatment of septic acute kidney injury. However, little is known about how the adsorption properties of hemofilters used in RRT affect antibiotic concentration. Because a cytokine-adsorption membrane is frequently used in RRT, it is important to determine the antibiotic adsorption capacity of this membrane. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the antibiotic adsorption capacity of different hemofilter membranes by in vitro experiments using 2 antibacterial agents (linezolid and doripenem). METHODS We performed experimental hemofiltration in vitro using polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and polysulfone (PS) hemofilters for 1,440 min. The test solution was a 1,000-mL substitution fluid containing 30 µg/mL linezolid and 120 µg/mL doripenem. We measured drug concentrations at the inlet, outlet, and filtrate ports of the hemofilters for 1,440 min and calculated the sieving coefficient (SC) and adsorption rate (Ra) of the drugs onto the hemofilters. RESULTS The amount of linezolid adsorbed onto AN69ST, PMMA, and PS membranes was decreased relative to that in the control group at 15 min (p < 0.05). However, no SC for linezolid was obtained thereafter. The Ra of linezolid onto AN69ST, PMMA, and PS membranes was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the concentrations and Ra values of doripenem adsorbed onto AN69ST, PMMA, and PS membranes compared with those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Doripenem was not adsorbed onto PMMA, PS, and AN69ST membranes. Linezolid was adsorbed onto PMMA, PS, and AN69ST membranes, but only temporarily, and this did not affect drug bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Hiraiwa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Moriyama
- Laboratory for Immune Response and Regulatory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan,
| | - Kana Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Shimomura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Chizuru Yamashita
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawaji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kurimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naohide Kuriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Junpei Shibata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Komura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Morita
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Shibata M, Miyamoto K, Kato S. Comparison of the circulatory effects of continuous renal replacement therapy using AN69ST and polysulfone membranes in septic shock patients: A retrospective observational study. Ther Apher Dial 2020; 24:561-567. [PMID: 31837077 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The acrylonitrile-co-methallyl sulfonate surface-treated (AN69ST) membrane is expected to improve hemodynamics in patients with sepsis through cytokine adsorption. However, the clinical literature on AN69ST membranes is very limited. We aimed to compare the circulatory effects of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) between patients using the AN69ST membrane and polysulfone (PS) membrane (a nonadsorbing membrane). This retrospective observational study enrolled 38 patients with septic shock, as defined by Sepsis-3 criteria, who required CRRT from April 2013 to March 2018. Those who died within 24 hours after CRRT initiation and received polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and CRRT using other membranes were excluded. The primary outcome was the vasopressor dependency index during the 12 hours after CRRT initiation, which was calculated as (inotropic score)/(mean arterial pressure). Of 38 patients analyzed, 16 underwent CRRT with an AN69ST membrane and 22 with a PS membrane. The median patient age was 68 years, and the median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score at intensive care unit admission was 29.5. The vasopressor dependency index decreased significantly during the 12 hours after CRRT initiation in both groups (AN69ST: from 0.50 ± 0.43 to 0.33 ± 0.27 [P < .05], PS: from 0.34 ± 0.30 to 0.21 ± 0.22 [P < .05]). The time course of the vasopressor dependency index during the 12 hours did not differ between the two groups (P = .11). The vasopressor dependency index decreased significantly after CRRT initiation in both groups. The time course of the vasopressor dependency index did not differ between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Shibata
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kyohei Miyamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Seiya Kato
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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An update on membranes and cartridges for extracorporeal blood purification in sepsis and septic shock. Curr Opin Crit Care 2019; 24:463-468. [PMID: 30247215 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the most recent advances on different membranes and cartridges used for extracorporeal blood purification in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock. RECENT FINDINGS Despite positive signals from experimental, cases and small clinical studies, blood purification showed no distinct morbidity and mortality benefit in large clinical trials. SUMMARY None of the discussed specific membranes or cartridges can currently be recommended as sole adjunctive treatment in sepsis and septic shock. Any available technique should be timely initiated and adapted to the patient's status. Sickest patients seem to benefit more from blood purification. Patient selection is thus of crucial importance and may be optimized by focusing on disease severity and degree of organ failure. Measurement of endotoxin activity and plasma procalcitonin levels can support the selection process but ideal cutoff values need to be defined. Well-designed prospective randomized clinical trials assessing or comparing the various available membranes and cartridges are eagerly awaited.
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29
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Honore PM, De Bels D, Kugener L, Redant S, Attou R, Gallerani A, Spapen HD. Validity of the relationship between mobility group box-1 protein and poor post-cardiac arrest neurological outcome during renal replacement therapy. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:84. [PMID: 30871583 PMCID: PMC6419494 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Honore
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Arthur Van Gehucthen, 4 1020, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - David De Bels
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Arthur Van Gehucthen, 4 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Kugener
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Arthur Van Gehucthen, 4 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Redant
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Arthur Van Gehucthen, 4 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachid Attou
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Arthur Van Gehucthen, 4 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Gallerani
- ICU Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann-Brugmann University Hospital, Place Arthur Van Gehucthen, 4 1020, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herbert D Spapen
- Ageing & Pathology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 101 Laarbeeklaan, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Kobashi S, Maruhashi T, Nakamura T, Hatabayashi E, Kon A. The 28-day survival rates of two cytokine-adsorbing hemofilters for continuous renal replacement therapy: a single-center retrospective comparative study. Acute Med Surg 2018; 6:60-67. [PMID: 30651999 PMCID: PMC6328921 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with a cytokine‐adsorbing hemofilter (CAH) is effective in the treatment of sepsis. Two filter types, namely polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and surface‐treated AN69 (AN69ST) hemofilters, have been successfully used for CRRT, but no direct comparisons have been published to date. This study compared the efficacy, as measured by 28‐day survival rates, of PMMA and AN69ST hemofilters in patients receiving CAH‐CRRT. Methods This retrospective observational study reviewed the medical records of 142 patients who received CAH‐CRRT between November 2013 and February 2015. Results The 28‐day survival rates were higher in the AN69ST group than in the PMMA group for patients with or without sepsis (all patients, 79.4% versus 54.1%; patients with sepsis, 77.3% versus 50.0%; patients without sepsis, 83.3% versus 57.5%; P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed regarding 28‐day survival rates of patients with or without sepsis (AN69ST, 77.3% versus 83.3%; P = 0.51; PMMA, 50.0% versus 57.5%; P = 0.61) using the same hemofilter. Conclusion The AN69ST hemofilter could be more effective than PMMA hemofilters for improving the survival outcomes of patients with or without sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Kobashi
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering Hachinohe City Hospital Aomori Japan
| | - Takaaki Maruhashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan.,Emergency and Critical Care Center Hachinohe City Hospital Aomori Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering Hachinohe City Hospital Aomori Japan
| | - Erika Hatabayashi
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering Hachinohe City Hospital Aomori Japan
| | - Akihide Kon
- Emergency and Critical Care Center Hachinohe City Hospital Aomori Japan
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Onohara T, Sakamoto Y, Inoue S. Plasma Adsorption Membranes Are Able to Efficiently Remove High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB-1). J NIPPON MED SCH 2018; 85:150-156. [PMID: 30135341 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2018_85-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB-1) is a 30 kDa protein that is a lethal mediator in sepsis and is a recognized therapeutic target. However, no consensus has been reached for acute blood purification therapy as a treatment for sepsis targeting HMGB-1. Previous studies demonstrated that a high anti-HMGB-1 antibody titer and the suppression of HMGB-1 activity improved survival rate in animal sepsis models. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether plasma adsorption therapy is able to decrease the level of HMGB-1, representing a new potential treatment strategy against sepsis. METHODS Plasma adsorption therapy has been known as a treatment for various autoimmune diseases. Three different adsorbent columns, including TR-350 (IM-TR), PH-350 (IM-PH), and BRS-350 (BRS), were used in this study for comparison. We made a 1/350 scale of these three columns. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) contains a significant amount of HMGB-1. After priming with saline, FBS was passed through the columns and the adsorption rates of HMGB-1 at 25 minutes, 50 minutes, and 75 minutes were evaluated. The total adsorbed HMGB-1 level at 75 minutes was also calculated. RESULTS The highest adsorption rate and total adsorbed amount of HMGB-1 were observed in IM-TR, followed by BRS and IM-PH. IM-TR showed a decline in adsorption rate over time. BRS showed a steady adsorption rate at all time points. IM-TR removed HMGB-1 significantly more than IM-PH and BRS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that plasma adsorption therapy efficiently adsorbed HMGB-1 and could be safely applied for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Onohara
- The Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Ureshino Medical Center
| | - Yuichiro Sakamoto
- The Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saga University Hospital
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- The Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Saga University Hospital
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Lee SA, Cozzi M, Bush EL, Rabb H. Distant Organ Dysfunction in Acute Kidney Injury: A Review. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 72:846-856. [PMID: 29866457 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Dysfunction of other organs is an important cause of poor outcomes from AKI. Ample clinical and epidemiologic data show that AKI is associated with distant organ dysfunction in lung, heart, brain, and liver. Recent advancements in basic and clinical research have demonstrated physiologic and molecular mechanisms of distant organ interactions in AKI, including leukocyte activation and infiltration, generation of soluble factors such as inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and endothelial injury. Oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species, as well as dysregulation of cell death in distant organs, are also important mechanism of AKI-induced distant organ dysfunction. This review updates recent clinical and experimental findings on organ crosstalk in AKI and highlights potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets to improve clinical outcomes during AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sul A Lee
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Martina Cozzi
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Errol L Bush
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Wang N, Qin X, Cao Y, Liang B, Yu K, Ye H. Plasma vascular non-inflammatory molecule 3 is associated with gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease in mice. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2018; 15:1. [PMID: 29311761 PMCID: PMC5755465 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (GI aGVHD) is a lethal complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, it is still very difficult to make a diagnosis of GI aGVHD in practice. To date, no consensus plasma biomarker of GI aGVHD can be used to help make a diagnosis. Here, we attempted to identify GI aGVHD associated plasma proteins in murine model, which can help make a diagnosis of GI aGVHD. Methods We used 8-plex isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (8-plex iTRAQ) to screen out proteins in plasma samples taken from murine models before and after allogeneic HSCT. Next mRNA expressions were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in mouse intestinal epithelial samples. Results We found that five proteins were increased at least 2-fold in the allogeneic group at day 7 compared with days 0, 3 and 15 (after Cyclosporin A treatment) and the syngeneic group at day 7. These 5 proteins were VNN3, ZNF746, C4BP, KNG1 and FETUB, and they were consistent with results from negative labeling with 8-plex iTRAQ. Furthermore, increase in mRNA level of VNN3 was confirmed in murine intestinal epithelial samples with aGVHD. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that plasma VNN3 protein is associated with GI aGVHD in murine model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12950-017-0178-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325002 China
| | - Xiaoyi Qin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325002 China
| | - Yigeng Cao
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nan Bai Xiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325002 China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nan Bai Xiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325002 China
| | - Haige Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nan Bai Xiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325002 China
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Experimental and Clinical Evaluation of Predilution and Postdilution Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration on Clearance Characteristics. ASAIO J 2017; 63:229-234. [PMID: 27861424 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the clearance characteristics of low-to-high molecular weight substances during pre-and postdilution continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) in experimental and clinical conditions. Experimental circuits for pre- and postdilution CVVH were prepared using a test solution containing creatinine (110 Da), inulin (5,000 Da), interleukin (IL)-8 (8,000 Da), IL-6 (22,000 Da), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (51,000 Da). Quantity of test solution flow and filtration flow (QF) were set to 150 ml/min and 10, 20, and 35 ml/min, respectively. Clinical CVVH settings were blood flow (QB): 150 ml/min and QF: 35 ml/min. Samples were obtained from pre- and posthemofilters, and clearance of target substances was determined during pre- and postdilution CVVH in experimental and clinical conditions. Clearance changed according to QF during both pre- and postdilution CVVH in the experiment. Clearance of creatinine, inulin (experiment only), and IL-8 during postdilution CVVH was superior to that during predilution CVVH. Few differences were seen in clearance of IL-6 and TNF-α between dilution methods in the experiment and clinical practice. Clearance of IL-8 and IL-6 decreased during postdilution CVVH over 24 hr but did not change during predilution CVVH in clinical practice. Predilution CVVH is useful for stable cytokine clearance in septic patients with acute kidney injury.
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Nakamura Y, Hara S, Hatomoto H, Yamasaki S, Nakano T, Miyazaki M, Matsumoto N, Irie Y, Ishikura H. Adsorption of Nafamostat Mesilate on AN69ST Membranes: A Single-Center Retrospective and In Vitro Study. Ther Apher Dial 2017; 21:620-627. [PMID: 28960755 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether AN69ST (acrylonitrile and methallyl sulfonate copolymer) membranes adsorb nafamostat mesilate. This study retrospectively analyzed 87 continuous hemodiafiltration sessions in vivo. We divided the continuous hemodiafiltration sessions into AN69ST and non-AN69ST groups using the nafamostat mesilate dose and activated clotting time as indicators of nafamostat mesilate adsorption onto the membrane. Furthermore, we studied the in vitro adsorption of nafamostat mesilate from nafamostat mesilate solutions onto four different hemodialysis membranes. This in vivo study shows that nafamostat mesilate doses were significantly higher, but activated clotting times were shorter (P < 0.001) in the AN69ST group than in the non-AN69ST group. These results suggest that AN69ST adsorbs nafamostat mesilate. Further, the in vitro experiments show that nafamostat mesilate adsorbs AN69ST on membranes significantly more than the other membranes tested. These in vitro and clinical findings provide evidence that AN69ST may adsorb nafamostat mesilate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nakamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuuji Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hatomoto
- Department of Clinical Engineer Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamasaki
- Department of Clinical Engineer Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Miyazaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Irie
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ishikura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Maeda H, Tomisawa N, Jimbo Y, Harii N, Matsuda K. Efficacy of hemofiltration with PEPA membrane for IL-6 removal in a rat sepsis model. J Artif Organs 2017; 20:335-340. [PMID: 28894963 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-017-0991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, intensive care physicians have focused on continuous hemodiafiltration with a cytokine-adsorbing hemofilter in the treatment of sepsis. We aimed to establish extracorporeal circulation in a rat sepsis model to evaluate the cytokine removal properties of mini-modules using two types of membrane materials. Rats were divided into polyester polymer alloy (PEPA) and cellulose triacetate (CTA) groups as membrane materials of mini-modules. One hour after 0.1 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide administration, continuous hemofiltration (CHF) was started in each group. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important mediator of sepsis, was measured over time during hemofiltration. The peak IL-6 concentration in PEPA group was approximately 13,000 pg/mL, in comparison to approximately 31,000 pg/mL in CTA group. IL-6 clearance in PEPA group was much more than CTA group. Since IL-6 was not detected in the filtrate in PEPA group, it was considered that IL-6 was adsorbed to the membrane. In conclusion, our results suggest that CHF with PEPA hemofilter can be suitable for removing IL-6 from the blood stream efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayata Maeda
- Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | | | | | - Norikazu Harii
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Hirayama T, Nosaka N, Okawa Y, Ushio S, Kitamura Y, Sendo T, Ugawa T, Nakao A. AN69ST membranes adsorb nafamostat mesylate and affect the management of anticoagulant therapy: a retrospective study. J Intensive Care 2017; 5:46. [PMID: 28729905 PMCID: PMC5516335 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-017-0244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, nafamostat mesylate (NM) is frequently used as an anticoagulant during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The dialyzer membrane AN69ST has been reported to adsorb NM and affect the management of anticoagulant therapy. However, the adsorbed amount has not yet been quantitatively assessed. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the pre- and post-hemofilter prolongation of the activated clotting time (ACT) in patients with AN69ST and PS membranes. We also measured the adsorption of NM in three types of CRRT membranes using an experimental model. METHODS In a study of patients who underwent CRRT using AN69ST or PS membranes in 2015 at the Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center, Okayama University Hospital, pre- and post-hemofilter ACT measurements were extracted retrospectively, and the difference was calculated. In addition, AN69ST (sepXiris100), PS (HEMOFEEL SHG-1.0), and PMMA membranes (HEMOFEEL CH-1.0N) were used in an in vitro model of a dialysis circuit, and the concentrations of NM were measured in pre- and post-hemofilter membranes and filtrates. RESULTS The ACT difference was significantly lower in the group using AN69ST membranes (p < 0.01). In the in vitro model (n = 4) with adsorption and filtration, the post-hemofilter and filtrate concentrations of NM in AN69ST membranes were significantly lower than those in the PS and PMMA membranes (p < 0.01). The NM adsorption clearance of the AN69ST membrane was significantly higher than that of the PS and PMMA membranes. CONCLUSIONS The AN69ST membrane had higher NM adsorption than the PS and PMMA membranes. This may have resulted in the lower ACT difference in patients undergoing CRRT using the AN69ST membrane than in patients undergoing CRRT using PS or PMMA membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama city, 700-8558 Japan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama city, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nosaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama city, 700-8558 Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Yasumasa Okawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama city, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Soichiro Ushio
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama city, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kitamura
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama city, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sendo
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama city, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Toyomu Ugawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama city, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Atsunori Nakao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama city, 700-8558 Japan
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Su T, Jin Q, Liu Z. Polyethyleneimine-treated polyacrylonitrile membrane hemofilter for critically ill patients receiving anticoagulant-free prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy: a single-center, prospective, self-controlled pilot study. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:208. [PMID: 28666474 PMCID: PMC5493884 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) are at risk of disease-related bleeding. Systemic heparinization should be avoided. AN69ST, a polyethyleneimine-treated polyacrylonitrile (AN69) membrane hemofilter, can be primed with heparin, improving its local anticoagulative activity. Prolonged intermittent RRT (PI-RRT) is of shorter duration and cheaper, considered as an alternative to continuous RRT. This study was performed to compare the success rate of anticoagulant-free PI-RRT using AN69ST versus AN69 membrane hemofilter. We also evaluated risk factors for filter clotting. Methods This crossover, double-blind, randomized study included patients requiring PI-RRT but at high bleeding risk treated with AN69ST and AN69 hemo filters. The success rate of RRT, filter lifespan and severity of filter clotting were compared between the hemo filters. Factors associated with the filter clotting risk were analyzed with a Cox proportional hazards model. Results This study included 60 patients (mean age, 68.1 ± 15.8 years). Thirty-three (55.0%) patients were in the intensive care unit, 34 (56.8%) had disease-related thrombocytopenia, and 14 (23.3%) had local hemorrhagic diseases. The success rate of PI-RRT with the AN69ST and AN69 hemofilter was 51.7% and 50.9%, respectively (P > 0.05). The mean PI-RRT duration was 543.1 ± 119.0 min in the completed sessions and 387.3 ± 140.8 min in the prematurely terminated sessions, without significant difference between AN69ST and AN69 hemofilters. Cox regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR], 1.023 per year), platelet count (OR, 1.07 per 10 × 109/L), hemoglobin concentration (OR, 1.035 per 1 g/L), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT; OR, 0.973 per second) were associated with a hemofilter clotting risk. The AN69ST hemofilter lifespan was significantly prolonged averaging an extra 251.7 min in patients with an aPTT of <35.3 s, hemoglobin concentration of >83 g/L and platelet count of <70 × 109/L. Conclusions Anticoagulant-free PI-RRT by a heparin-primed AN69ST hemofilter reached a 51.7% success rate. The risk of premature clotting of the extracorporeal circuit remains unsatisfactory. For select patients at high risk of bleeding, the heparin-primed AN69ST hemofilter may be more appropriate for anticoagulation-free PI-RRT. Trial registration https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; study number: NCT02355873. Release Date 01/21/2015
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qizhuang Jin
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, 100034, China
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Doi K, Iwagami M, Yoshida E, Marshall MR. Associations of Polyethylenimine-Coated AN69ST Membrane in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy with the Intensive Care Outcomes: Observations from a Claims Database from Japan. Blood Purif 2017; 44:184-192. [PMID: 28609776 PMCID: PMC5804855 DOI: 10.1159/000476052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Polyethylenimine-coated polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST) membrane is expected to improve the outcomes of critically ill patients treated by continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). METHODS Using a Japanese health insurance claim database, we identified adult patients receiving CRRT in intensive care units (ICUs) from April 2014 to October 2015. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to assess in-hospital mortality and Fine and Gray's proportional subhazards model to assess the ICU length of stay (ICU-LOS) accounting for the competing risks. RESULTS Of 2,469 ICU patients, 156 were treated by AN69ST membrane. Crude in-hospital mortality was 50.0% in the AN69ST group and 54.0% in the non-AN69ST group. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) of AN69ST membrane use for in-hospital mortality was 0.65 (95% CI 0.45-0.93). The use of AN69ST membrane was also independently associated with shorter ICU-LOS. CONCLUSION This retrospective observational study suggested that CRRT with AN69ST membrane might be associated with better in-hospital outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Doi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Iwagami
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
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Tanaka A, Inaguma D, Nakamura T, Watanabe Y, Ito E, Kamegai N, Shimogushi H, Murata M, Shinjo H, Koike K, Otsuka Y, Takeda A. Effect of continuous hemodiafiltration using an AN69ST membrane in patients with sepsis. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-017-0093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Shinozaki K, Lampe JW, Kim J, Yin T, Da T, Oda S, Hirasawa H, Becker LB. The effects of early high-volume hemofiltration on prolonged cardiac arrest in rats with reperfusion by cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled animal study. Intensive Care Med Exp 2016; 4:25. [PMID: 27612461 PMCID: PMC5017966 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-016-0101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is not yet clear whether hemofiltration can reduce blood cytokine levels sufficiently to benefit patients who suffer prolonged cardiac arrest (CA) treated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We sought to assess effects of high-volume and standard volume continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) on blood cytokine levels and survival in a rat model of prolonged CA treated with CPB. Methods Sprague-Dawley male rats were subjected to 12 min of asphyxia to induce CA. CPB was initiated for resuscitation of animals and maintained for 30 min. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned into three groups: without CVVH treatment (sham); standard volume CVVH at a filtration rate of 35–45 mL/kg/h; and high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF, 105–135 mL/kg/h). Hemofiltration was started simultaneously with CPB and maintained for 6 h. Plasma TNFα and IL-6 levels were measured at baseline, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6 h after reperfusion. Survival time, neurological deficit score, and hemodynamic status were assessed. Results All animals survived over 6 h and died within 24 h. There were no significant differences in survival time (log-rank test, sham vs. CVVH; p = 0.49, sham vs. HVHF; p = 0.33) or neurological deficit scores (ANOVA, p = 0.14) between the groups. There were no significant differences in blood cytokine levels between the groups. Mean blood pressure in sham group animals increased to 1.5-fold higher than baseline levels at 30 min. HVHF significantly reduced blood pressure to 0.7-fold of sham group (p < 0.01). Conclusions There was no improvement in mortality, neurological dysfunction, TNFα, or IL-6 levels in rats after prolonged CA with CPB on either hemofiltration group when compared to the sham group. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40635-016-0101-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Shinozaki
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Joshua W Lampe
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Junhwan Kim
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tai Yin
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tong Da
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shigeto Oda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirasawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Lance B Becker
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
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Hattori N, Oda S. Cytokine-adsorbing hemofilter: old but new modality for septic acute kidney injury. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-016-0051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hara Y, Shimomura Y, Nakamura T, Kuriyama N, Yamashita C, Kato Y, Miyasho T, Sakai T, Yamada S, Moriyama K, Nishida O. Novel Blood Purification System for Regulating Excessive Immune Reactions in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: An Ex Vivo Pilot Study. Ther Apher Dial 2016; 19:308-15. [PMID: 26386217 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Promising results have been reported with blood purification as adjuvant treatment; however, the immunological mechanisms remain unclear. We have been developing a new blood purification system for regulating excessive immune reactions in severe sepsis and septic shock using a granulocyte adsorbing column (Adacolumn [Ada]), and a cytokine-adsorbing hemofilter (AN69ST hemofilter [AN69]). Fresh porcine blood was circulated for 6 h in five experimental groups including Ada and AN69 to assess the effects of leukocyte adsorption, phagocytic activity and adhesiveness of granulocytes. In the present study, we found that Ada mainly adsorbed granulocytes and monocytes, but not lymphocytes. The phagocytic activity level of granulocytes decreased, and adhesiveness increased, but the number of CD11b-positive cells markedly decreased in the current system. Elevated cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-10) at the outlet of Ada were significantly lower than at the outlet of AN69 due to cytokine adsorption. Further studies are needed to better understand cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Shimomura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohide Kuriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chizuru Yamashita
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Miyasho
- Department of Veterinary Science school of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University School of Veterinary Medicine, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Sakai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamada
- Department of Research and Development, Shino-Test Corporation, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Moriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Abstract
Kidney injury, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), has become very common in critically ill patients treated in ICUs. Many epidemiological studies have revealed significant associations of AKI and CKD with poor outcomes of high mortality and medical costs. Although many basic studies have clarified the possible mechanisms of sepsis and septic AKI, translation of the obtained findings to clinical settings has not been successful to date. No specific drug against human sepsis or AKI is currently available. Remarkable progress of dialysis techniques such as continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has enabled control of “uremia” in hemodynamically unstable patients; however, dialysis-requiring septic AKI patients are still showing unacceptably high mortality of 60–80 %. Therefore, further investigations must be conducted to improve the outcome of sepsis and septic AKI. A possible target will be remote organ injury caused by AKI. Recent basic studies have identified interleukin-6 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as important mediators for acute lung injury induced by AKI. Another target is the disease pathway that is amplified by pre-existing CKD. Vascular endothelial growth factor and HMGB1 elevations in sepsis were demonstrated to be amplified by CKD in CKD-sepsis animal models. Understanding the role of kidney injury as an amplifier in sepsis and multiple organ failure might support the identification of new drug targets for sepsis and septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Doi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
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Nobiletin: A Citrus Isolate to Make Sepsis Less Sour. Inflammation 2016; 39:1274-6. [PMID: 26897369 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ulldemolins M, Martín-Loeches I, Llauradó-Serra M, Fernández J, Vaquer S, Rodríguez A, Pontes C, Calvo G, Torres A, Soy D. Piperacillin population pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration: effect of type of dialysis membrane on dosing requirements. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1651-9. [PMID: 26869692 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This multicentre study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of piperacillin in critically ill patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), to identify the sources of PK variability and evaluate different dosing regimens to develop recommendations based on clinical parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nineteen patients with MODS and CVVHDF receiving piperacillin/tazobactam were enrolled from three tertiary hospitals (95 plasma samples). Population PK modelling and Monte Carlo simulations were performed using NONMEM v7.3(®). RESULTS Patients' median age was 70 years (range 39-82), median weight was 80 kg (45-129), median APACHE II score at admission was 21 (13-33) and median SOFA score on the day of study was 11 (8-21). The final population PK model was characterized by CL (L/h) = 6.11 * [weight (kg)/80](1.39) * CLMEMB. If membrane = 1.5 m(2) AN69ST, CLMEMB = 1; if membrane = 0.9 m(2) AN69, CLMEMB = 0.51. Monte Carlo simulations showed that: (i) to maintain unbound piperacillin concentrations above the MIC for the bacteria for 100% of dosing interval T (100%fuT>MIC), patients receiving CVVHDF with 1.5 m(2) AN69ST membranes required doses of 4000 mg q8h for the treatment of bacteria with a susceptibility to piperacillin close to the clinical breakpoint (MIC = 8-16 mg/L) (2000 mg q8h was sufficient for patients with CVVHDF using 0.9 m(2) AN69 membranes); and (ii) for the treatment of bacteria with high susceptibility to piperacillin (MIC <4 mg/L) or for the attainment of a more traditional pharmacodynamic target (50%fuT>MIC), 2000 mg q8h sufficed regardless of type of membrane and body weight. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that type of membrane and body weight should be considered for piperacillin dose titration in critically ill patients with MODS and CVVHDF requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ulldemolins
- Fundació Privada Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain Critical Care Department, Sabadell Hospital, University Institute Parc Taulí - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Sabadell, Spain Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martín-Loeches
- Critical Care Department, Sabadell Hospital, University Institute Parc Taulí - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Sabadell, Spain Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Critical Care Department, St James University Hospital, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Llauradó-Serra
- Nursing Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain Critical Care Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain Liver Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Vaquer
- Critical Care Department, Sabadell Hospital, University Institute Parc Taulí - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain Critical Care Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Caridad Pontes
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Gonzalo Calvo
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Fundació Privada Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain Respiratory Critical Care Unit, Pneumology Department, Institut Clínic del Tòrax, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Soy
- Fundació Privada Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain Pharmacy Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Abstract
During the last few years, due to medical and surgical evolution, patients with increasingly severe diseases causing multiorgan dysfunction are frequently admitted to intensive care units. Therapeutic options, when organ failure occurs, are frequently nonspecific and mostly directed towards supporting vital function. In these scenarios, the kidneys are almost always involved and, therefore, renal replacement therapies have become a common routine practice in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Recent technological improvement has led to the production of safe, versatile and efficient dialysis machines. In addition, emerging evidence may allow better individualization of treatment with tailored prescription depending on the patients' clinical picture (e.g. sepsis, fluid overload, pediatric). The aim of the present review is to give a general overview of current practice in renal replacement therapies for critically ill patients. The main clinical aspects, including dose prescription, modality of dialysis delivery, anticoagulation strategies and timing will be addressed. In addition, some technical issues on physical principles governing blood purification, filters characteristics, and vascular access, will be covered. Finally, a section on current standard nomenclature of renal replacement therapy is devoted to clarify the "Tower of Babel" of critical care nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaccaria Ricci
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Romagnoli
- Department of Health Science, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy; International Renal Research Institute, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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49
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Doi K, Rabb H. Impact of acute kidney injury on distant organ function: recent findings and potential therapeutic targets. Kidney Int 2016; 89:555-64. [PMID: 26880452 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients and subsequently worsens outcomes. Although many drugs to prevent and treat AKI have shown benefits in preclinical models, no specific agent has been shown to benefit AKI in humans. Moreover, despite remarkable advances in dialysis techniques that enable management of AKI in hemodynamically unstable patients with shock, dialysis-requiring severe AKI is still associated with an unacceptably high mortality rate. Thus, focusing only on kidney damage and loss of renal function has not been sufficient to improve outcomes of patients with AKI. Recent data from basic and clinical research have begun to elucidate complex organ interactions in AKI between kidney and distant organs, including heart, lung, spleen, brain, liver, and gut. This review serves to update the topic of organ cross talk in AKI and focuses on potential therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes during AKI-associated multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Doi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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50
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Honore PM, Jacobs R, Hendrickx I, Bagshaw SM, Joannes-Boyau O, Boer W, De Waele E, Van Gorp V, Spapen HD. Prevention and treatment of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: an update. Ann Intensive Care 2015; 5:51. [PMID: 26690796 PMCID: PMC4686459 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-015-0095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) remains an important challenge in critical care medicine. We reviewed current available evidence on prevention and treatment of SAKI with focus on some recent advances and developments. Prevention of SAKI starts with early and ample fluid resuscitation preferentially with crystalloid solutions. Balanced crystalloids have no proven superior benefit. Renal function can be evaluated by measuring lactate clearance rate, renal Doppler, or central venous oxygenation monitoring. Assuring sufficiently high central venous oxygenation most optimally prevents SAKI, especially in the post-operative setting, whereas lactate clearance better assesses mortality risk when SAKI is present. Although the adverse effects of an excessive “kidney afterload” are increasingly recognized, there is actually no consensus regarding an optimal central venous pressure. Noradrenaline is the vasopressor of choice for preventing SAKI. Intra-abdominal hypertension, a potent trigger of AKI in post-operative and trauma patients, should not be neglected in sepsis. Early renal replacement therapy (RRT) is recommended in fluid-overloaded patients’ refractory to diuretics but compelling evidence about its usefulness is still lacking. Continuous RRT (CRRT) is advocated, though not sustained by convincing data, as the preferred modality in hemodynamically unstable SAKI. Diuretics should be avoided in the absence of hypervolemia. Antimicrobial dosing during CRRT needs to be thoroughly reconsidered to assure adequate infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Honore
- Intensive Care Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Rita Jacobs
- Intensive Care Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Inne Hendrickx
- Intensive Care Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sean M Bagshaw
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Olivier Joannes-Boyau
- Haut Leveque University Hospital of Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux 2, Pessac, France.
| | - Willem Boer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
| | - Elisabeth De Waele
- Intensive Care Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Viola Van Gorp
- Intensive Care Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Herbert D Spapen
- Intensive Care Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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