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Schjerning J, Uhrenholt TR, Svenningsen P, Vanhoutte PM, Skøtt O, Jensen BL, Hansen PBL. Histamine-dependent prolongation by aldosterone of vasoconstriction in isolated small mesenteric arteries of the mouse. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1094-102. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00524.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In arterioles, aldosterone counteracts the rapid dilatation (recovery) following depolarization-induced contraction. The hypothesis was tested that this effect of aldosterone depends on cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived products and/or nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibition. Recovery of the response to high K+ was observed in mesenteric arteries of wild-type and COX-2−/− mice but it was significantly diminished in preparations from endothelial NOS (eNOS)−/− mice. Aldosterone pretreatment inhibited recovery from wild-type and COX-2−/− mice. The NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) restored recovery in arteries from eNOS−/− mice, and this was inhibited by aldosterone. Actinomycin-D abolished the effect of aldosterone, indicating a genomic effect. The effect was blocked by indomethacin and by the COX-1 inhibitor valeryl salicylate but not by NS-398 (10−6 mol/l) or the TP-receptor antagonist S18886 (10−7 mol/l). The effect of aldosterone on recovery in arteries from wild-type mice and the SNP-mediated dilatation in arteries from eNOS−/− mice was inhibited by the histamine H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine. RT-PCR showed expression of mast cell markers in mouse mesenteric arteries. The adventitia displayed granular cells positive for toluidine blue vital stain. Confocal microscopy of live mast cells showed loss of quinacrine fluorescence and swelling after aldosterone treatment, indicating degranulation. RT-PCR showed expression of mineralocorticoid receptors in mesenteric arteries and in isolated mast cells. These findings suggest that aldosterone inhibits recovery by stimulation of histamine release from mast cells along mesenteric arteries. The resulting activation of H2 receptors decreases the sensitivity to NO of vascular smooth muscle cells. Aldosterone may chronically affect vascular function through paracrine release of histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Schjerning
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Torben R. Uhrenholt
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Paul M. Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ole Skøtt
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Boye L. Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Pernille B. L. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Li Z, Perlik V, Feleder C, Tang Y, Blatteis CM. Kupffer cell-generated PGE2triggers the febrile response of guinea pigs to intravenously injected LPS. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 290:R1262-70. [PMID: 16410400 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00724.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because the onset of fever induced by intravenously (iv) injected bacterial endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) precedes the appearance in the bloodstream of pyrogenic cytokines, the presumptive peripheral triggers of the febrile response, we have postulated previously that, in their stead, PGE2could be the peripheral fever trigger because it appears in blood coincidentally with the initial body core temperature (Tc) rise. To test this hypothesis, we injected Salmonella enteritidis LPS (2 μg/kg body wt iv) into conscious guinea pigs and measured their plasma levels of LPS, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 before and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after LPS administration; Tcwas monitored continuously. The animals were untreated or Kupffer cell (KC) depleted; the essential involvement of KCs in LPS fever was shown previously. LPS very promptly (<10 min) induced a rise of Tcthat was temporally correlated with the elevation of plasma PGE2. KC depletion prevented the Tcand plasma PGE2rises and slowed the clearance of LPS from the blood. TNF-α was not detectable in plasma until 30 min and in IL-1β and IL-6 until 60 min after LPS injection. KC depletion did not alter the times of appearance or magnitudes of rises of these cytokines, except TNF-α, the maximal level of which was increased approximately twofold in the KC-depleted animals. In a follow-up experiment, PGE2antiserum administered iv 10 min before LPS significantly attenuated the febrile response to LPS. Together, these results support the view that, in guinea pigs, PGE2rather than pyrogenic cytokines is generated by KCs in immediate response to iv LPS and triggers the febrile response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Li
- Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Mori S, Saino T, Satoh Y. Effect of low temperatures on compound 48/80-induced intracellular Ca2+ changes and exocytosis of rat peritoneal mast cells. ARCHIVES OF HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY 2000; 63:261-70. [PMID: 10989938 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.63.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that compound 48/80-induced exocytosis of mast cells is accompanied by changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) showing a biphasic pattern: an initial phase which constitutes an abrupt increase, followed by a plateau phase. The former is caused by Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, and the latter is the result of secondary Ca2+ influx. Low temperatures lead to the inhibition of exocytosis, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. The present study aims to reveal whether [Ca2+]i changes are affected by the environmental temperature. To this end, we developed a novel imaging method to record [Ca2+]i changes and exocytotic processes simultaneously. Rat peritoneal mast cells were loaded by Indo-1/AM or Fluo-3/AM for measuring [Ca2+]i, and the exocytosed granule matrices were stained by sulforhodamine-B. Cells were stimulated by compound 48/80, and [Ca2+]i changes and exocytosis were recorded by means of a real-time confocal microscope. At 37 degrees C, [Ca2+]i changes in stimulated mast cells showed a sustained plateau phase. Granule discharge was observed at the cell surface, and, in addition, most of the intracellular granule matrices were involved in compound exocytosis. The granule discharge and compound exocytosis proceeded over a period of a few minutes. At 4 degrees C, the plateau phase of [Ca2+]i changes declined rapidly, although the initial phase was not suppressed. Granule discharge occurred at the cell surface, but compound exocytosis ceased within a few minutes. These findings indicate that a low temperature inhibits compound exocytosis which can be caused by Ca2+ influx. The present imaging method represents a powerful tool for investigating the stimulus-secretion coupling of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mori
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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Sitte I, Stössel H, Kalchschmid G, Romani N, Fritsch P, Varga JM. Global degranulation of rat mast cells stimulated with DNP-polystyrene. Immunol Lett 1992; 33:139-43. [PMID: 1446918 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(92)90038-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mediator release was studied in rat peritoneal mast cells sensitized with a mouse monoclonal anti-DNP IgE antibody, and stimulated with DNP-ornithine covalently attached to radio-derivatized polystyrene petri dishes. Cells releasing serotonin at maximal rates were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Generalized exocytosis of granules could be observed, suggesting non-directional release of mediators, and non-compartmentalized action of second messengers in mast cells stimulated with polystyrene-bound DNP. Stimulation of sensitized mast cells by DNP covalently bound to the rigid polystyrene surface is consistent with extrinsic mechanisms proposed for Fc(epsilon)RI receptor action, and suggests that internalization of Fc(epsilon)RI is not needed for triggering cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sitte
- Department of Dermatology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Funk RH, Wagner W, Rohen JW. The effect of epinephrine on ciliary process vasculature and IOP studied by intraocular microendoscopy in the albino rabbit. Curr Eye Res 1992; 11:161-73. [PMID: 1572206 DOI: 10.3109/02713689209000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of epinephrine on intraocular pressure (IOP) and the hemodynamics of the ciliary process vasculature in albino rabbits was studied by intraocular microendoscopy. Intraarterial application of epinephrine (15, 50, 250 ng/kg bw) lead to an immediate vasoconstriction and a reduction in blood flow velocity (BFV) in the iridial and major ciliary processes lasting from 30 to 120 sec. This anemic phase was followed by a hyperemic phase of about 60 to 240 sec. showing a vasodilation up to 150% of the initial diameters and an increase in BFV. The hyperemic phase can be prevented by pretreatment with indomethacin. Simultaneously measured IOP decreases in the anemic and increases in the hyperemic phase parallel with the changes in vascular diameter. After topical administration of epinephrine (25-50 micrograms/kg bw) a marked vasoconstriction followed by a vasodilatory phase was similarly found. However, the reactive changes of the ciliary process vasculature lasted considerably longer. The anemic phase lasted 15 minutes, the hyperemic phase 40 to 60 min. Again, this hyperemia can be prevented by indomethacin-pretreatment. In the iridial processes the anemic phase persisted till 70 minutes. No hyperemia and no substantial influence of indomethacin-pretreatment was found in this territory. In the anemic phase the IOP decreased in average from 20 mmHg to 15 mmHg. However, in contrast to the reactive changes of the IOP after intraarterial epinephrine application, the IOP did not increase again in the hyperemic phase, but decreased further to about 12 mmHg. After pretreatment with indomethacin the IOP remained at the level of 15 mmHg. The short-term IOP-changes after i.a. application of epinephrine, mirror the vasoconstrictory and vasodilatory reactions in the ciliary processes and might be due to volume changes in the eye (plethysmographic effect). However, the long lasting IOP reduction after topical epinephrine in the hyperemic phase can not be due to vascular reactions in the ciliary processes. There must be other factors responsible for the long lasting pressure reducing effect of epinephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Funk
- Department of Anatomy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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Annuzzi G, Riccardi G, Capaldo B, Kaijser L. Increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by exercised human muscles one day after prolonged physical exercise. Eur J Clin Invest 1991; 21:6-12. [PMID: 1907557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether the increased peripheral insulin sensitivity often reported after physical exercise is generalized or limited to the active musculature. Substrate exchange in leg (previously active) and forearm (previously inactive) were measured by catheterization technique basally and during a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (2 mU insulin kg-1 BW min-1) in nine healthy men before and 1 day after 3-h exercise (50% VO2max). One day after exercise basal glucose uptake was unchanged in the leg, while it was decreased in the forearm (-61%, P less than 0.01) compared with the pre-exercise condition. Glucose uptake during hyperinsulinaemia was increased in the leg (+31%, P less than 0.05), but not in the forearm. Basal lactate release by the leg was increased by the exercise, while lactate release by the forearm was decreased, significantly only during the clamp. These results indicate that local and not systemic factors are responsible for the changes in insulin sensitivity observed in the recovery from physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Annuzzi
- King Gustaf V Research Institute, Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nitta M, Tsutsui T, Ueda Y, Ladds A, Symon L. The effects of an extradural expanding lesion on regional intracranial pressure, blood flow, somatosensory conduction and brain herniation: an experimental study in baboons. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1990; 104:30-7. [PMID: 2386086 DOI: 10.1007/bf01842890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial pressure (ICP) differences, change of local blood flow (CBF) using the hydrogen clearance technique, change in the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) to median nerve stimulation and pupillary size were investigated during progressive elevation of the ICP (using an extradural balloon) in 6 anaesthetized baboons. CBF was measured in the frontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, thalamus (nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis-VPL), medial lemniscus (ML), lateral lemniscus (LL) and caudate nucleus (CN). Conduction along the somatosensory pathway between C2 at the neck and VPL was compared with conduction between VPL and primary somatosensory cortex. The amplitude of the cortical SEP was also studied. ICP gradients between hemispheres developed as the pressure was increased to in excess of 50 mm Hg. CBF was significantly reduced from control in the cortex and VPL on the side ipsilateral to the balloon at 50 mm Hg ICP. A significant decrease in ML flow occurred bilaterally at 70 mm Hg ICP. Conduction time was increased significantly between the right VPL and cortex at a pressure of 50 mm Hg. The amplitude of the cortical response was significantly reduced at 30 mm Hg on the right side and 50 mm Hg on the left. Aniscoria occurred at 50 mm Hg ICP and the pupils became dilated at 70 mm Hg. The SEP was possibly more sensitive than the pupillary reactions as an indication of tentorial herniation in these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nitta
- Gough-Cooper Department of Neurological Surgery, National Hospital for Nervous Disease, London, U.K
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Pollak MH, Obrist PA. Effects of autonomic blockade on heart rate responses to reaction time and sustained handgrip tasks. Psychophysiology 1988; 25:689-95. [PMID: 3241856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb01909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Allansmith MR, Baird RS, Ross RN, Barney NP, Bloch KJ. Effect of multiple applications of compound 48/80 on mast cells of rat conjunctiva. Acta Ophthalmol 1987; 65:406-12. [PMID: 3661142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We sought to determine the effect on rat conjunctival mast cells of chronic exposure to a degranulating agent. Compound 48/80 (250 micrograms in 10 microliter) was applied daily to the ocular surface of rats for a total of 13 treatments administered in 17 days. A single application of compound 48/80 was given to rats for comparison. Four groups of animals (6 in each group) were evaluated 1 or 48 h after the last application of compound 48/80 in both chronic exposure and single exposure studies. Although a single exposure to compound 48/80 induced significant degranulation of mast cells in animals observed 1 h after treatment, no significant degranulation of mast cells was observed 1 h after the last dose of compound 48/80 was given to rats whose conjunctiva had been chronically exposed to this degranulating agent. Thus, multiple applications of compound 48/80 attenuated the mast cell response to compound 48/80. This acquired tolerance to compound 48/80 was reflected in the lessened clinical signs in rats receiving repeated applications compared with those given a single application.
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Misawa M, Takenouchi K, Shirakawa Y, Yanaura S. Effects of mast cell stabilizers on a new bronchial asthma model using compound 48/80 in dogs. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1987; 44:197-205. [PMID: 2443734 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.44.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Development of a nonimmunologically induced experimental asthma model using compound 48/80 was attempted. Male mongrel dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital-Na were immobilized with decamethonium bromide under artificial respiration. Airway resistance was measured with a modified Konzett-Rössler method and expressed as a change in ventilation overflow (VO). Inhalation of compound 48/80 caused no change in VO even in high concentrations up to a 1% solution. Infusion of compound 48/80 into the bronchial artery at a dose of 0.2 mg/min for 10 min by using the right bronchial perfusion method caused a marked increase in VO accompanied by decreases in perfusion pressure and systemic blood pressure. The compound 48/80-induced bronchoconstriction was inhibited 58% by surgical vagotomy and was almost abolished by chlorpheniramine (10 mg/kg, intraduodenally (i.d.)). Disodium cromoglycate (inhalation of 1% solution along with 5 mg/kg, i.v.), tranilast (300 mg/kg, i.d.) and NCO-650, a new antiallergic drug (100 mg/kg, i.d.) significantly inhibited the compound 48/80-induced bronchoconstriction. These results indicate that compound 48/80 infusion into the bronchial artery produces an asthma-like bronchoconstriction, the main chemical mediator involved in this response would be histamine acting through H1-receptors, and effects of mast cell stabilizers can be evaluated with this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Misawa
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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McCloskey M, Poo MM. Protein diffusion in cell membranes: some biological implications. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1984; 87:19-81. [PMID: 6325362 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Krüger PG. Morphology of normal and secreting mast cells. ACTA OTO-LARYNGOLOGICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 1984; 414:118-23. [PMID: 6085446 DOI: 10.3109/00016488409122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sherwood A, Brener J, Moncur D. Information and states of motor readiness: their effects on the covariation of heart rate and energy expenditure. Psychophysiology 1983; 20:513-29. [PMID: 6635091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb03005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Patkar SA, Diamant B. Mechanism of histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1982; 60:948-53. [PMID: 6182356 DOI: 10.1007/bf01716953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lind NK. Mechanism of action of fire ant (Solenopsis) venoms. I. Lytic release of histamine from mast cells. Toxicon 1982; 20:831-40. [PMID: 6184853 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(82)90070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of histamine release from rat mast cells by whole venom from Solenopsis geminata and S. invicta or by 2-methyl-6-undecylpiperidine HCl (C11) was investigated. Histamine release stimulated by one or more of these agents (1) occurred in normal and metabolically inactivated cells, (2) had a biphasic time course in normal and inactivated cells, (3) was temperature dependent and did not occur at 0 degrees C, (4) was accompanied by concomitant cytoplasmic enzyme release, (5) was accomplished by substantial cell swelling, and (6) was correlated with a loss of cell refractility in phase contrast microscopy. These results indicate that C11 causes initial permeability changes in the plasma membrane followed by lytic release of histamine and other cell components. The nonspecific nature of this action of the dialkylpiperidine component of the venoms provides the fire ants with a defense of general applicability.
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Grönneberg R, Strandberg K. Effect of terbutaline on cutaneous responses in man to rechallenge with allergen and compound 48/80. Allergy 1981; 36:33-8. [PMID: 7224109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1981.tb01822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Beta-adrenoceptor stimulating agents possess anti-allergic effects in vitro and in vivo. To study the site of action further 15 atopic subjects were pretreated with 1 microgram terbutaline injected intradermally (i.d.) followed by allergen challenge. Other skin sites challenged without such pretreatment served as controls. At different time intervals the skin was rechallenged with the same allergen, dissimilar allergen, or the histamine liberating agent, compound 48/80. In addition terbutaline was injected i.d. alone followed by allergen challenge at different time intervals to determine the duration of the anti-allergic effect. Pretreatment of the skin with 1 microgram terbutaline inhibited skin reactions to subsequently injected allergen with approximately 80% (flare) and 60% (wheal) (P less than 0.001) as compared with control. The inhibitory effect of terbutaline on the wheal and flare response to allergen was found to last up to 8 h (P less than 0.01). Rechallenge with the same allergen or a dissimilar challenging agent resulted in a reduced skin reaction compared with control challenge (P less than 0.01). Skin challenged with allergen in the presence of terbutaline gave a diminished response on rechallenge with the same allergen 24 h later, whereas rechallenge with an unrelated allergen or compound 48/80 produced a response similar to that of the control. The results suggest that allergen challenge in the presence (or absence) of terbutaline desensitizes the mast cells to further challenge with the same allergen and that terbutaline is capable of preventing mediator depletion of skin mast cells.
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Theoharides TC, Douglas WW. Secretion in mast cells induced by calcium entrapped within phospholipid vesicles. Science 1978; 201:1143-5. [PMID: 684435 DOI: 10.1126/science.684435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purified mast cells secreted histamine when fused to phospholipid vesicles containing calcium but not magnesium or potassium. Microscopic observation revealed highly localized exocytotic responses involving punctate extrusion of individual granules. Calcium delivered from the vesicles to the cytoplasm is apparently a sufficient stimulus to initiate exocytosis. The results support the calcium hypothesis of stimulus-secretion coupling.
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Hansen JF, Hesse B, Christensen NJ. Enhanced sympathetic nervous activity after intravenous propranolol in ischaemic heart disease: plasma noradrenaline splanchnic blood flow and mixed venous oxygen saturation at rest and during exercise. Eur J Clin Invest 1978; 8:31-6. [PMID: 417929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1978.tb00805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To study the mechanisms by which acute beta-adrenergic blockade may change the activity of the sympathetic nervous system we have measured haemodynamic responses including splanchnic blood flow in twenty-three patients with ischaemic heart disease at rest and during supine exercise before and after i.v. injection of 0.039 mmol (10 mg) dl-propranolol. After propranolol both at rest and on exercise blood pressure, cardiac output and heart rate decreased, while splanchnic vascular resistance increased; mixed venous oxygen saturation decreased whilst arterial oxygen saturation and oxygen uptake were unchanged. Plasma noradrenaline increased after propranolol, values correlating with mixed venous oxygen saturation and splanchnic vascular resistance, both at rest and during exercise before and after propranolol, only at rest was there any correlation with arterial blood pressure. The increase in sympathetic nervous activity after propranolol may be due to a reduction in cardiac output and thereby alteration of the metabolic state (oxygen or related factors) in tissues. Afferent neural signals from the tissues may play a significant role in the regulation of sympathetic nervous activity.
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Kagayama M, Douglas WW. Electron microscope evidence of calcium-induced exocytosis in mast cells treated with 48-80 or the ionophores A-23187 and X-537A. J Cell Biol 1974; 62:519-26. [PMID: 4214825 PMCID: PMC2109396 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.62.2.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Cochrane DE, Douglas WW. Calcium-induced extrusion of secretory granules (exocytosis) in mast cells exposed to 48-80 or the ionophores A-23187 and X-537A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:408-12. [PMID: 4205591 PMCID: PMC388015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.2.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated peritoneal mast cells from rats were observed, by phase contrast microscopy, to extrude secretory granules when exposed to 48/80 or the ionophores A-23187 and X-537A, which are known to facilitate transmembrane fluxes of calcium. These effects were abolished when the cells were treated with EDTA and suspended in a Ca-free environment. Ca-deprived cells exposed to any one of the three drugs promptly extruded granules when calcium, but not magnesium, was added to the incubation medium. Such Ca-evoked or Ca-dependent responses persisted when Na was omitted from the incubation medium and replaced with sucrose, choline, or K. The responses thus seem independent of possible shifts in the alkali metal ions. The results are considered support for the view that Ca influx mediates stimulus-secretion coupling and does so by initiating exocytosis.
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Kiernan JA. Effects of known and suspected neurotransmitter substances and of some nucleotides on isolated mast cells. EXPERIENTIA 1972; 28:653-5. [PMID: 4339843 DOI: 10.1007/bf01944958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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YAMASAKI H, SUGIYAMA K. Histamine Release from Isolated Rat Mast Cells in Metal Ion-Free Medium*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-5198(19)31667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Krüger PG, Diamant B, Scholander L. Non-degranulating structural changes of rat mast cells induced by antigen and toluidine blue. Exp Cell Res 1970; 63:101-9. [PMID: 4099940 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(70)90336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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