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Souza LL, Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Can mothers consume caffeine? The issue of early life exposure and metabolic changes in offspring. Toxicol Lett 2024; 393:96-106. [PMID: 38387763 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Caffeine is a substance with central and metabolic effects. Although it is recommended that its use be limited during pregnancy, many women continue to consume caffeine. Direct and indirect actions of caffeine in fetuses and newborns promote adaptive changes, according to the Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases (DOHaD) concept. In fact, epidemiological and experimental evidence reveals the impact of early caffeine exposure. Here, we reviewed these findings with an emphasis on experimental models with rodents. The similarity of human and rodent caffeine metabolism allows the comprehension of molecular mechanisms affected by prenatal caffeine exposure. Maternal caffeine intake affects the body weight and endocrine system of offspring at birth and has long-term effects on the endocrine system, liver function, glucose and lipid metabolism, the cardiac system, the reproductive system, and behavior. Interestingly, some of these effects are sex dependent. Thus, the dose of caffeine considered safe for pregnant women may not be adequate for the prenatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana L Souza
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto G Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Pakulak A, Candow DG, Totosy de Zepetnek J, Forbes SC, Basta D. Effects of Creatine and Caffeine Supplementation During Resistance Training on Body Composition, Strength, Endurance, Rating of Perceived Exertion and Fatigue in Trained Young Adults. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:587-602. [PMID: 33759701 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1904085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The primary purpose was to determine the separate and combined effects of creatine and caffeine supplementation during resistance training on body composition and muscle performance in trained young adults. Twenty-eight participants were randomized to supplement with creatine and caffeine (CR-CAF; n = 9, 22 ± 4 years; 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1 of creatine monohydrate + 3 mg·kg-1·d-1 of caffeine anhydrous micronized powder); creatine (CR; n = 7, 22 ± 4 years, 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1 of creatine + 3 mg·kg-1·d-1 of micronized cellulose), caffeine (CAF; n = 6, 19 ± 1 years, 3 mg·kg-1·d-1 of caffeine + 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1 of maltodextrin) or placebo (PLA; n = 6, 23 ± 7 years, 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1 of maltodextrin + 3 mg·kg-1·d-1 micronized cellulose) one hour prior to performing resistance training for 6 weeks. Before and after training and supplementation, fat-free and fat mass (air-displacement plethysmography), muscle thickness (elbow and knee flexors and extensors; ultrasound), muscle strength (1-repetition maximum [1-RM] for the leg press and chest press), and endurance (one set of repetitions to volitional fatigue using 50% baseline 1-RM for leg press and chest press) were assessed. There was a group x time interaction (p = 0.049) for knee extensor muscle thickness with CR experiencing an increase over time with no changes in the other groups. There were no other between group differences for any variable. In conclusion, creatine supplementation and resistance training results in a small improvement in knee extensor muscle accretion in trained young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Pakulak
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | | | - Scott C Forbes
- Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Brandon University, Brandon, Canada
| | - Daniele Basta
- University Sport Center, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
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Xanthine-Catechin Mixture Enhances Lithium-Induced Anti-Inflammatory Response in Activated Macrophages In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4151594. [PMID: 29250539 PMCID: PMC5698786 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4151594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is a chemical element used for treating and preventing bipolar disorder (BD) and exerts positive effects such as anti-inflammatory effects as well as undesirable side effects. These effects of Li can be influenced by interaction with some nutritional elements. Therefore, we investigated the potential effects of xanthine (caffeine and theobromine) and catechin molecules present in some food beverages broadly consumed worldwide, such as coffee and tea, on Li-induced anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we concomitantly exposed RAW 264.7 macrophages to Li, isolated xanthine and catechin molecules, and a xanthine-catechin mixture (XC mixture). We evaluated the effects of these treatments on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, oxidative and antioxidant marker expression, cytokine levels, gene expression, and GSK-3β enzyme expression. Treatment with the XC mixture potentialized Li-induced anti-inflammatory effects by intensification of the following: GSK-3β inhibitory action, lowering effect on proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), and increase in the levels of IL-10 that is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Despite the controversial nature of caffeine consumption by BD patients, these results suggested that consumption of caffeine, in low concentrations, mixed with other bioactive molecules along with Li may be safe.
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Abstract
Sports drinks and caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) are commonly consumed by youth. Both sports drinks and CEDs pose potential risks for the health of children and adolescents and may contribute to obesity. Sports drinks are generally unnecessary for children engaged in routine or play-based physical activity. CEDs may affect children and adolescents more than adults because they weigh less and thus experience greater exposure to stimulant ingredients per kilogram of body weight. Paediatricians need to recognize and educate patients and families on the differences between sport drinks and CEDs. Screening for the consumption of CEDs, especially when mixed with alcohol, should be done routinely. The combination of CEDs and alcohol may be a marker for higher risk of substance use or abuse and for other health-compromising behaviours.
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Al-Hariri MT, Elkilany AM, Alkahtani SA. Effects of potentially modifiable risk factors on the health of adults in the Eastern Province of KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 13:16-21. [PMID: 31435298 PMCID: PMC6694929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between selected major modifiable risk factors including life style habits, household income and smoking on health. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2015-2016 among 104 healthy men aged 38 ± 8 years. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that enquired about clinical information about blood pressure and body mass index. Venous blood samples were taken to assess the fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, high density lipoprotein and triglyceride. Results Current smoking status and consumed energy drinks were significantly positive risk factors for increased systolic blood pressure and FBG, respectively. Participants with monthly income of more than 10,000 Saudi Riyals showed significantly lower diastolic pressure than those with lower income. However, there was a significant decrease in body weight among those who consumed vegetables. Conclusion This study highlights the effect of major modifiable risk factors on health. There is a great need for improving and enhancing a healthy lifestyle behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed T Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, KSA
| | - Ahmed M Elkilany
- Department of Physical & Health Education, College of Preparatory Year & Supporting Studies, University of Dammam, Dammam, KSA
| | - Shaea A Alkahtani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, KSA
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Moore TM, Mortensen XM, Ashby CK, Harris AM, Kump KJ, Laird DW, Adams AJ, Bray JK, Chen T, Thomson DM. The effect of caffeine on skeletal muscle anabolic signaling and hypertrophy. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:621-629. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a widely consumed stimulant with the potential to enhance physical performance through multiple mechanisms. However, recent in vitro findings have suggested that caffeine may block skeletal muscle anabolic signaling through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. This could negatively affect protein synthesis and the capacity for muscle growth. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the effect of caffeine on in vivo AMPK and mTOR pathway signaling, protein synthesis, and muscle growth. In cultured C2C12 muscle cells, physiological levels of caffeine failed to impact mTOR activation or myoblast proliferation or differentiation. We found that caffeine administration to mice did not significantly enhance the phosphorylation of AMPK or inhibit signaling proteins downstream of mTOR (p70S6k, S6, or 4EBP1) or protein synthesis after a bout of electrically stimulated contractions. Skeletal muscle-specific knockout of LKB1, the primary AMPK activator in skeletal muscle, on the other hand, eliminated AMPK activation by contractions and enhanced S6k, S6, and 4EBP1 activation before and after contractions. In rats, the addition of caffeine did not affect plantaris hypertrophy induced by the tenotomy of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. In conclusion, caffeine administration does not impair skeletal muscle load-induced mTOR signaling, protein synthesis, or muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Moore
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Xavier M. Mortensen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Conrad K. Ashby
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Alexander M. Harris
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Karson J. Kump
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - David W. Laird
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Aaron J. Adams
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jeremy K. Bray
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - David M. Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Al-Fares MN, Alsunni AA, Majeed F, Badar A. Effect of energy drink intake before exercise on indices of physical performance in untrained females. Saudi Med J 2016; 36:580-6. [PMID: 25935179 PMCID: PMC4436755 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.5.11141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the effect of energy drink consumption before exercise on indices of physical performance in untrained females. Methods: This single blind placebo controlled experimental study was carried out at the Physiology Department, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from September 2011 to May 2012, on 32 healthy female students, in a crossover design. They were given either a standardized energy drink or the placebo 45 minutes before the exercise. Time to exhaustion and the stages of Bruce protocol achieved were noted. Heart rate, blood pressure, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, and blood lactate were recorded before and after the exercise. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was calculated by formula. Paired sample t-test was used for statistics. Results: The mean age was 19.93±0.8 years, mean height 156.40±3.83 cm, and the mean weight 51.73±3.65 kg. Time to exhaustion in the placebo group was 11.67±1.51 minutes and 11.41±1.56 in the energy drink group (p<0.157). The VO2max in the placebo group was 34.06±6.62, while it was 32.89±6.83 in the energy drink group (p<0.154). There were no significant differences between the placebo and the energy drinks groups in regards to heart rate, blood pressure, and blood lactate levels, before or after the exercise. However, there were significant differences before, immediately, and 30 minutes post exercise for all parameters between each group. Conclusion: The effects of energy drinks intake on physical performance during the exercise in our small sample does not significantly differ from placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiadah N Al-Fares
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Ayuob N, ElBeshbeishy R. Impact of an Energy Drink on the Structure of Stomach and Pancreas of Albino Rat: Can Omega-3 Provide a Protection? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149191. [PMID: 26894845 PMCID: PMC4760982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A controversy developed between the benefits of energy drinks (EDs) versus the possible health threats since its revolution. Lack of information was a call to assess the effect of chronic consumption of Power Horse (PH) as one of the EDs, on the structure of pancreas and fundic mucosa of stomach in rats, and possible protective role of Omega-3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty two adult male albino rats were divided equally into 4 groups; control received group which only received a standard diet, Omega-3 group, PH group which given PH and PH plus Omega-3 group received both PH plus Omega-3 for 4 weeks. Biochemical assessment of blood glucose, serum insulin, gastrin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) was performed. The antioxidant activity and histopathological examination of both pancreatic tissue and fundic mucosa of stomach were assessed. RESULTS Administration of PH significantly increased serum insulin and glucose levels while it significantly reduced serum gastrin level compared to control. PH also caused oxidants/antioxidants imbalance in both pancreas and fundic mucosa. The latter revealed degenerative changes and increased apoptosis which was evident by increased caspase-3 immunoexpression. Pancreas exhibited signs of β-cells overstimulation. Fundic mucosa showed reduced number of parietal cells, gastrin hormone expression compared to control group. Omega-3 administration could alleviate, to some extent, these changes. It significantly decreased TNF-α, iNOS and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as significantly increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities compared to the group which received PH alone. CONCLUSION Power Horse intake significantly injures islet cells, pancreatic acini as well as the glandular cells of the fundic mucosa. Omega-3 decreases these detrimental effects mostly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasra Ayuob
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Rana ElBeshbeishy
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Liu Q, Li X, Li C, Zheng Y, Peng G. 1-Deoxynojirimycin Alleviates Insulin Resistance via Activation of Insulin Signaling PI3K/AKT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle of db/db Mice. Molecules 2015; 20:21700-14. [PMID: 26690098 PMCID: PMC6331926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus as an inhibitor of intestinal α-glucosidase. However, there are few reports about its effect on insulin sensitivity improvement. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether DNJ decreased hyperglycemia by improving insulin sensitivity. An economical method was established to prepare large amounts of DNJ. Then, db/db mice were treated with DNJ intravenously (20, 40 and 80 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for four weeks. Blood glucose and biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects on hyperglycemia and the related molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle were explored. DNJ significantly reduced body weight, blood glucose and serum insulin levels. DNJ treatment also improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Moreover, although expressions of total protein kinase B (AKT), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), insulin receptor beta (IR-β), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle were not affected, GLUT4 translocation and phosphorylation of Ser473-AKT, p85-PI3K, Tyr1361-IR-β and Tyr612-IRS1 were significantly increased by DNJ treatment. These results indicate that DNJ significantly improved insulin sensitivity via activating insulin signaling PI3K/AKT pathway in skeletal muscle of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cunyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Guoping Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Tsuda S, Egawa T, Kitani K, Oshima R, Ma X, Hayashi T. Caffeine and contraction synergistically stimulate 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase and insulin-independent glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/10/e12592. [PMID: 26471759 PMCID: PMC4632959 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5′-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified as a key mediator of contraction-stimulated insulin-independent glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Caffeine acutely stimulates AMPK in resting skeletal muscle, but it is unknown whether caffeine affects AMPK in contracting muscle. Isolated rat epitrochlearis muscle was preincubated and then incubated in the absence or presence of 3 mmol/L caffeine for 30 or 120 min. Electrical stimulation (ES) was used to evoke tetanic contractions during the last 10 min of the incubation period. The combination of caffeine plus contraction had additive effects on AMPKα Thr172 phosphorylation, α-isoform-specific AMPK activity, and 3-O-methylglucose (3MG) transport. In contrast, caffeine inhibited basal and contraction-stimulated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation. Caffeine significantly delayed muscle fatigue during contraction, and the combination of caffeine and contraction additively decreased ATP and phosphocreatine contents. Caffeine did not affect resting tension. Next, rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of caffeine (60 mg/kg body weight) or saline, and the extensor digitorum longus muscle was dissected 15 min later. ES of the sciatic nerve was performed to evoke tetanic contractions for 5 min before dissection. Similar to the findings from isolated muscles incubated in vitro, the combination of caffeine plus contraction in vivo had additive effects on AMPK phosphorylation, AMPK activity, and 3MG transport. Caffeine also inhibited basal and contraction-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in vivo. These findings suggest that caffeine and contraction synergistically stimulate AMPK activity and insulin-independent glucose transport, at least in part by decreasing muscle fatigue and thereby promoting energy consumption during contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tsuda
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, 440-0016, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kitani
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rieko Oshima
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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11
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Li DK, Ferber JR, Odouli R. Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of obesity in offspring: a prospective cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:658-64. [PMID: 25388405 PMCID: PMC4389720 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In-utero exposures through adverse fetal programming are emerging as an important contributing factor to the epidemic of childhood obesity. This study examines the impact of in-utero exposure to caffeine on the risk of childhood obesity in offspring. SUBJECTS/METHODS A prospective study of pregnant women with 15 years follow-up of their offspring was conducted to examine the impact of in-utero exposure to caffeine on the risk of childhood obesity. Maternal caffeine intake was prospectively ascertained during pregnancy and outcome measures (body mass index (BMI)) were ascertained from medical charts, with 17 BMI measurements per child, on average, during the follow-up period. Potential confounders including known perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity were adjusted for using the generalized estimating equations model with repeated measurements. RESULTS After controlling for potential confounders, compared with those without caffeine exposure, in-utero exposure to caffeine overall is associated with 87% increased risk of childhood obesity: odds ratio (OR) =1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-3.12. This association demonstrated a dose-response relationship: OR=1.77 (1.05-3.00) for maternal daily caffeine intake <150 mg per day, OR=2.37 (1.24-4.52) for caffeine intake ⩾150 mg per day during pregnancy, respectively. We also observed a linear relationship: every one unit increase (log10 scale) in the amount of maternal caffeine intake was associated with 23% increased risk of obesity in offspring. The dose-response relationship appears stronger for persistent obesity than for transitory obesity (occasional high BMI), and for girls than for boys. CONCLUSIONS We observed an association of in-utero exposure to caffeine with increased risk of childhood obesity. If this observation is further replicated in other studies, the finding will contribute to the understanding of fetal programming of childhood diseases and development of intervention strategy to prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-K Li
- Division of Research, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - J R Ferber
- Division of Research, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - R Odouli
- Division of Research, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA
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Beaudoin MS, Allen B, Mazzetti G, Sullivan PJ, Graham TE. Caffeine ingestion impairs insulin sensitivity in a dose-dependent manner in both men and women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 38:140-7. [PMID: 23438224 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of alkaloid caffeine on insulin sensitivity have been investigated primarily in men, and with a single caffeine dose most commonly of 5-6 mg·kg(-1) of body weight (BW). It is unknown if the effects of caffeine on glucose homeostasis are sex-specific and (or) dose-dependent. This study examined whether caffeine ingestion would disrupt glucose homeostasis in a dose-dependent or threshold manner. It also examined whether sex-specific responses to caffeine exist. It was hypothesized that women would have an exaggerated response to caffeine, and that caffeine would only impair glucose metabolism once a threshold was reached. Twenty-four healthy volunteers (12 males, 12 females) participated in 4 trials, in a crossover, randomized, and double-blind fashion. They ingested caffeine (1, 3, or 5 mg·kg(-1) of BW) or placebo followed, 1 h later, by a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide area under the curve (AUC), and insulin sensitivity index data were fitted to a segmented linear model to determine dose-responses. There were no differences between sexes for any endpoints. Regression slopes were significantly different from zero (p < 0.05) for glucose, insulin, and C-peptide AUCs, with thresholds being no different from zero. Increasing caffeine consumption by 1 mg·kg(-1) of BW increased insulin and C-peptide AUCs by 5.8% and 8.7%, respectively. Despite this exaggerated insulin response, glucose AUC increased by 11.2 mmol per 120 min·L(-1) for each mg·kg(-1) BW consumed. These results showed that caffeine ingestion disrupted insulin sensitivity in a dose-dependent fashion beginning at very low doses (0-1 mg·kg(-1) BW) in both healthy men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Soleil Beaudoin
- a Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Faulhaber-Walter R, Jou W, Mizel D, Li L, Zhang J, Kim SM, Huang Y, Chen M, Briggs JP, Gavrilova O, Schnermann JB. Impaired glucose tolerance in the absence of adenosine A1 receptor signaling. Diabetes 2011; 60:2578-87. [PMID: 21831968 PMCID: PMC3178298 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of adenosine (ADO) in the regulation of glucose homeostasis is not clear. In the current study, we used A1-ADO receptor (A1AR)-deficient mice to investigate the role of ADO/A1AR signaling for glucose homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After weaning, A1AR(-/-) and wild-type mice received either a standard diet (12 kcal% fat) or high-fat diet (HFD; 45 kcal% fat). Body weight, fasting plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed in 8-week-old mice and again after 12-20 weeks of subsequent observation. Body composition was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging and epididymal fat-pad weights. Glucose metabolism was investigated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies. To describe pathophysiological mechanisms, adipokines and Akt phosphorylation were measured. RESULTS A1AR(-/-) mice were significantly heavier than wild-type mice because of an increased fat mass. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were significantly higher in A1AR(-/-) mice after weaning and remained higher in adulthood. An intraperitoneal glucose challenge disclosed a significantly slower glucose clearance in A1AR(-/-) mice. An HFD enhanced this phenotype in A1AR(-/-) mice and unmasked a dysfunctional insulin secretory mechanism. Insulin sensitivity was significantly impaired in A1AR(-/-) mice on the standard diet shortly after weaning. Clamp studies detected a significant decrease of net glucose uptake in A1AR(-/-) mice and a reduced glucose uptake in muscle and white adipose tissue. Effects were not triggered by leptin deficiency but involved a decreased Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS ADO/A1AR signaling contributes importantly to insulin-controlled glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in C57BL/6 mice and is involved in the metabolic regulation of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Faulhaber-Walter
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Seifert SM, Schaechter JL, Hershorin ER, Lipshultz SE. Health effects of energy drinks on children, adolescents, and young adults. Pediatrics 2011; 127:511-28. [PMID: 21321035 PMCID: PMC3065144 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the effects, adverse consequences, and extent of energy drink consumption among children, adolescents, and young adults. METHODS We searched PubMed and Google using "energy drink," "sports drink," "guarana," "caffeine," "taurine," "ADHD," "diabetes," "children," "adolescents," "insulin," "eating disorders," and "poison control center" to identify articles related to energy drinks. Manufacturer Web sites were reviewed for product information. RESULTS According to self-report surveys, energy drinks are consumed by 30% to 50% of adolescents and young adults. Frequently containing high and unregulated amounts of caffeine, these drinks have been reported in association with serious adverse effects, especially in children, adolescents, and young adults with seizures, diabetes, cardiac abnormalities, or mood and behavioral disorders or those who take certain medications. Of the 5448 US caffeine overdoses reported in 2007, 46% occurred in those younger than 19 years. Several countries and states have debated or restricted energy drink sales and advertising. CONCLUSIONS Energy drinks have no therapeutic benefit, and many ingredients are understudied and not regulated. The known and unknown pharmacology of agents included in such drinks, combined with reports of toxicity, raises concern for potentially serious adverse effects in association with energy drink use. In the short-term, pediatricians need to be aware of the possible effects of energy drinks in vulnerable populations and screen for consumption to educate families. Long-term research should aim to understand the effects in at-risk populations. Toxicity surveillance should be improved, and regulations of energy drink sales and consumption should be based on appropriate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Seifert
- Department of Pediatrics and the Pediatric Integrative Medicine Program, University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Judith L. Schaechter
- Department of Pediatrics and the Pediatric Integrative Medicine Program, University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eugene R. Hershorin
- Department of Pediatrics and the Pediatric Integrative Medicine Program, University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Steven E. Lipshultz
- Department of Pediatrics and the Pediatric Integrative Medicine Program, University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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