1
|
Da Palma RK, Uriarte JJ, Magin CM. Editorial: Unraveling the physiology of cells and extracellular matrix: Techniques for biochemical and biophysical characterization. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1123223. [PMID: 36685203 PMCID: PMC9846733 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1123223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kelly Da Palma
- Facultad De Ciencias De la Salud de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central De Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program Medical School, Evangelic University of Goiás-UniEVANGÉLICA, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Juan Jose Uriarte
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chelsea M. Magin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Chelsea M. Magin,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kerling A, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Grams L, Tegtbur U, Horstmann H, Kück M, Mellerowicz H. The congenital clubfoot - immunohistological analysis of the extracellular matrix. Orthop Res Rev 2018; 10:55-62. [PMID: 30774460 PMCID: PMC6209367 DOI: 10.2147/orr.s156449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Congenital clubfoot is one of the most common limb disorders in humans and its etiology is still unclear. In order to better understand the pathogenesis of patients with primary clubfoot, we examined whether there are quantitative changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM; based on common interstitial collagens [C] like CI and CIII, microfilamentous collagens like CVI, noncollagenous proteins like undulin, and enzymes like matrixmetalloproteinase [MMP]-2 and tissue inhibitor of matrixmetalloproteinase [TIMP]-2 that are known to play a role in fibrogenesis and fibrolysis) of muscles involved in the foot deformity of patients with primary clubfoot corresponding to fibrosis. Patients and methods Thirty patients (age ranging from 4 months to 5 years and 7 months) with primary clubfoot were examined (23 male and 7 female patients), among whom 18 patients were affected on one side and 12 affected on both sides. Twenty-five biopsies were taken during the first operative foot correction (Crawford-McKay) and 5 in the context of relapses. Muscle biopsies were taken from the muscles involved in the defect (Musculus [M.] gastrocnemius and M. tibialis anterior) and from the M. vastus lateralis of the M. quadriceps femoris, which were treated as healthy comparison muscles. Quantitative analysis of the components of the ECM was performed using a computer-assisted fibrosis measurement of the immunohistochemically processed tissue samples. Results We found higher values for M. gastrocnemius for CI, CIII, CVI and undulin in comparison with M. vastus lateralis. However, values for TIMP-2 were reduced. We found no significant differences for the components of M. tibialis anterior and M. vastus lateralis. There were no quantitative differences between male and female or between patients affected on one side and both sides. In patients who underwent relapse surgery, CI, CIII, CVI, and undulin of the gastrocnemius were significantly higher, while TIMP-2 was significantly lower. Conclusion In the present study, we found manifest fibrosis in gastrocnemius due to quantitative changes in the ECM. In contrast to other studies, we found increasing fibrosis not just in contracted tissues but also in the muscle itself. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these changes are primarily responsible for the malfunction or whether they occur secondarily in the consequence of the dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arno Kerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,
| | - Gisela Stoltenburg-Didinger
- Gisela Stoltenburg-Didinger, Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin CCO, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Grams
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,
| | - Uwe Tegtbur
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,
| | - Hauke Horstmann
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,
| | - Momme Kück
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,
| | - Holger Mellerowicz
- Holger Mellerowicz, Clinic for Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laskaratos F, Rombouts K, Caplin M, Toumpanakis C, Thirlwell C, Mandair D. Neuroendocrine tumors and fibrosis: An unsolved mystery? Cancer 2017; 123:4770-4790. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krista Rombouts
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive HealthUniversity College London, Royal Free HospitalLondon United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Caplin
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of ExcellenceRoyal Free HospitalLondon United Kingdom
| | - Christos Toumpanakis
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of ExcellenceRoyal Free HospitalLondon United Kingdom
| | - Christina Thirlwell
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of ExcellenceRoyal Free HospitalLondon United Kingdom
- University College London Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondon United Kingdom
| | - Dalvinder Mandair
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of ExcellenceRoyal Free HospitalLondon United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang Y, Deng X, Liang J. Modulation of hepatic stellate cells and reversibility of hepatic fibrosis. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:420-426. [PMID: 28238836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is the pathological component of a variety of chronic liver diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the main collagen-producing cells in the liver and their activation promotes HF. If HSC activation and proliferation can be inhibited, HF occurrence and development can theoretically be reduced and even reversed. Over the past ten years, a number of studies have addressed this process, and here we present a review of HSC modulation and HF reversal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Faculty of Graduate Studies of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Xin Deng
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 10 East China Road, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Radmayr C, Schwentner C, Lunacek A, Karatzas A, Oswald J. Embryology and anatomy of the vesicoureteric junction with special reference to the etiology of vesicoureteral reflux. Ther Adv Urol 2011; 1:243-50. [PMID: 21789071 DOI: 10.1177/1756287209348985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerning the ureterovesical junction - the region most important for the anti-reflux mechanism - there is still a lot of misunderstanding and misinterpretation with regard to normal fetal development. Data are scarce on possible causes of primary vesicoureteral reflux and on involved mechanisms of the so-called maturation process of refluxing ureteral endings. The ratio of the intravesical ureteral length to the ureteral diameter is obviously lower than assumed so far, as clearly revealed by some studies. Therefore it can be doubted that the length and course of the intravesical ureter is of sole importance in the prevention of reflux. Additionally refluxing intravesical ureteral endings present with dysplasia, atrophy, and architectural derangement of smooth muscle fibers. Besides, a pathologically increased matrix remodeling combined with deprivation of the intramural nerve supply has been confirmed. Consequently, symmetrical narrowing of the very distal ureteral smooth muscle coat creating the active valve mechanism to defend reflux is not achievable. It is apparent that primary congenital vesicoureteral reflux seems to be the result of an abnormality within the ureterovesical junction with an insufficient muscular wrap. Nature is believed to establish much more sophisticated mechanisms than the so-called passive anti-reflux mechanism. Remodeling processes within the ureterovesical junction of refluxing ureteral endings support that maturation itself is nothing else than wound or defect healing and not a restitution of a morphological normal ureterovesical junction. Lacking the nerve supply a restoration of any muscular structure can not be achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Radmayr
- Professor of Urology, Pediatric Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mogford JE, Tawil B, Jia S, Mustoe TA. Fibrin sealant combined with fibroblasts and platelet-derived growth factor enhance wound healing in excisional wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2009; 17:405-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Zeiler M, Leiser R, Johnson GA, Tinneberg HR, Pfarrer C. Development of an in vitro model for bovine placentation: a comparison of the in vivo and in vitro expression of integrins and components of extracellular matrix in bovine placental cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2007; 186:229-42. [PMID: 17785959 DOI: 10.1159/000107947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Interaction of trophoblastic integrins with the extracellular matrix plays a role in embryo implantation and trophoblast invasion. The phenomenon of restricted trophoblast invasion, observed in the bovine epitheliochorial placenta offers intriguing conditions to study invasive processes. The migration of bovine trophoblast giant cells is accompanied by the expression of specific integrins and corresponding extracellular matrix ligands. METHODS Primary cultures of different cell populations from cow placentomes were established and characterized, and in vitro phenotypes were compared with in vivo conditions by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Propagated epithelial cells were positive for cytokeratin and vimentin, while fibroblasts contained alpha-smooth muscle actin, desmin and vimentin. Epithelial cells coexpressed integrin subunits alpha(6) and beta(1) with laminin, and fibroblast cells were positive for alpha(v), beta(3), fibronectin and laminin. In contrast to cells in vivo, cultured epithelial cells secreted fibronectin, while collagen IV was not detected. The occurrence of integrin subunits was confirmed at mRNA level by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION We have established cell cultures isolated from maternal and fetal components of bovine placentomes expressing typical cytoskeletal filaments and integrin receptors also present in their in vivo counterparts. These bovine placentomal cells provide a suitable in vitro model for the study of cell-cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zeiler
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
KOBAYASHI K, FUKUNAGA S, TAKENOUCHI K, KATO-MORI Y, NAKAMURA F. Functional role of type VI collagen during early feather development of the chicken embryo in vitro. Anim Sci J 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2005.00266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Radmayr C, Fritsch H, Schwentner C, Lunacek A, Deibl M, Bartsch G, Oswald J. Fetal development of the vesico-ureteric junction, and immunohistochemistry of the ends of refluxing ureters. J Pediatr Urol 2005; 1:53-9. [PMID: 18947537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2004.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is still misunderstanding about the normal fetal development of the vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ), the region that is most important for preventing VUR. There is little information on the causes of primary VUR and on the mechanisms of maturation of refluxing ureteric endings. Some studies show that the ratio of the intravesical ureteric length to diameter is obviously lower than had been assumed. It is doubtful that the length and course of the intravesical ureter is the sole factor in preventing reflux, as previously reported. The intravesical part of refluxing ureters shows dysplasia, atrophy and architectural derangement of smooth muscle fibres. A pathologically increased matrix remodelling combined with deprivation of the intramural nerve supply has been confirmed. Consequently, symmetrical contraction of the distal ureteric smooth muscle coat, creating the active valve mechanism to prevent reflux, is impossible. We reviewed publications using Medline, with the keywords 'human fetal development', 'embryology', 'ureterovesical junction', relevant 'growth data', 'vesico-ureteric reflux', 'children', 'immunohistochemistry', 'extracellular matrix', and 'nerve supply', respectively. Priority was given to articles that correlated specific embryological findings and basic research on possible mechanisms to the genesis and maturation of the VUJ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Radmayr
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shields KJ, Beckman MJ, Bowlin GL, Wayne JS. Mechanical Properties and Cellular Proliferation of Electrospun Collagen Type II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 10:1510-7. [PMID: 15588410 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2004.10.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A suitable technique for articular cartilage repair and replacement is necessitated by inadequacies of current methods. Electrospinning has potential in cartilage repair by producing scaffolds with fiber diameters in the range of native extracellular matrix. Chondrocytes seeded onto such scaffolds may prefer this environment for differentiation and proliferation, thus approaching functional cartilage replacement tissue. Scaffolds of collagen type II were created by an electrospinning technique. Individual scaffold specimens were prepared and evaluated as uncross-linked, cross-linked, or crosslinked/seeded. Uncross-linked scaffolds contained a minimum and average fiber diameter of 70 and 496 nm, respectively, whereas cross-linked scaffolds possessed diameters of 140 nm and 1.46 microm. The average thickness for uncross-linked scaffolds was 0.20 +/- 0.02 mm and 0.52 +/- 0.07 mm for cross-linked scaffolds. Uniaxial tensile tests of uncross-linked scaffolds revealed an average tangent modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and ultimate strain of 172.5 +/- 36.1 MPa, 3.3 +/- 0.3 MPa, and 0.026 +/- 0.005 mm/mm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy of cross-linked scaffolds cultured with chondrocytes demonstrated the ability of the cells to infiltrate the scaffold surface and interior. Electrospun collagen type II scaffolds produce a suitable environment for chondrocyte growth, which potentially establishes the foundation for the development of articular cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Shields
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0694, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oswald J, Schwentner C, Brenner E, Deibl M, Fritsch H, Bartsch G, Radmayr C. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX DEGRADATION AND REDUCED NERVE SUPPLY IN REFLUXING URETERAL ENDINGS. J Urol 2004; 172:1099-102. [PMID: 15311048 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000135673.28496.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading enzymes and the nerve supply of the ureterovesical junction were investigated using immunohistochemical methods to gain insight into the pattern of refluxing ureteral endings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were obtained from ureterorenal units of 36 children undergoing reflux surgery with a mean age of 62.5 months and 9 age matched controls without reflux. Routine histological paraffin embedded sections were stained for general morphology. Indirect immunohistochemical methods assessing matrix metalloproteinase 1 were used to study the intensity of matrix turnover, and activated macrophage marker CD68 was quantified to describe scavenging of damaged ECM. The intramural neuronal network was explored using nerve specific immunoperoxidase for S-100 protein. RESULTS Refluxing ureteral endings demonstrated structural deficiencies of the smooth muscle wrap associated with a 3.8-fold increase of cellular matrix metalloproteinase 1 production and a significant increase of CD68+ macrophages, respectively. The S-100 pattern yielded significant diminution. Lacking B and T lymphocytes in the ECM precluded chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Refluxing ureteral endings showed a pathologically increased matrix remodeling combined with deprivation of the intramural nerve supply. Macrophage activation referring to altered morphology was represented by an increased expression of CD68 at the sites of increased ECM turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Oswald
- Department of Pediatric Urology, University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pfarrer C, Hirsch P, Guillomot M, Leiser R. Interaction of integrin receptors with extracellular matrix is involved in trophoblast giant cell migration in bovine placentomes. Placenta 2003; 24:588-97. [PMID: 12828918 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(03)00059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric glycoproteins involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and signal transduction. We evaluated the distribution and the putative role of integrin receptors and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins during trophoblast giant cell (TGC) migration and fusion with uterine epithelial cells in the cow. Placentomes from 24 cows, covering day 80 to day 270 of gestation, were used for indirect immunohistochemistry against integrin subunits alpha(1), alpha(2), alpha(3), alpha(4), alpha(5), alpha(6), alpha(v), beta(1), beta(3), beta(4)and ECM proteins collagen type I and IV, fibronectin, laminin. The basement membranes of fetal and maternal epithelia and endothelia were immunoreactive for laminin, fibronectin and collagen IV. Collagens I and IV were found in maternal stroma, while fibronectin was present in fetal and maternal stroma. The integrin subunits alpha(2), alpha(6)and beta(1)were observed in basal aspects of fetal and maternal epithelial and endothelial cells. Additionally, the alpha(6)and beta(1)integrin subunits were colocalized with laminin on TGC. The integrin alpha(2)subunit was also found on TGC, but localized with a strong gradient to the basal side. Cells of the maternal connective tissue, including endothelium, expressed alpha(1), alpha(2), alpha(3), alpha(5), alpha(6), alpha(v), beta(3)and beta(4). The expression of alpha(2), alpha(5), alpha(v), beta(3)and beta(4) occurred mainly in the septal tips. Cells of the fetal mesenchyme were positive for integrin subunits alpha(1), alpha(2), alpha(3), alpha(4), alpha(5), alpha(6), and beta(1). Our results indicate that alpha(2)beta(1)collagen and alpha(6)beta(1)laminin receptors anchor epi- and endothelial cells to basement membranes. We suggest that TGC migrate along a matrix of laminin and maintain cell-cell contact with mononuclear trophoblast cells via alpha(2)beta(1)heterodimers. Integrins in maternal stroma and fetal mesenchyme may be involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of maternal septa and fetal villi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Pfarrer
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Masuda K, Masuda R, Neidhart M, Simmen BR, Michel BA, Müller-Ladner U, Gay RE, Gay S. Molecular profile of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis depends on the stage of proliferation. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2002; 4:R8. [PMID: 12223111 PMCID: PMC125298 DOI: 10.1186/ar427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2002] [Revised: 06/06/2002] [Accepted: 06/21/2002] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the molecular profile of proliferating rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RA-SF). Total RNA was extracted from two cultures of RA-SF (low-density [LD] proliferating cells and high-density [HD] nonproliferating cells) and suppression subtractive hybridization was performed to compare differential gene expression of these two cultures. Subtracted cDNA was subcloned, and nucleotide sequences were analyzed to identify each clone. Differential expression of distinct clones was confirmed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The expression of certain genes in synovial tissues was examined by in situ hybridization. In both LD and HD cells, 44 clones were upregulated. Of the 88 total clones, 46 were identical to sequences that have previously been characterized. Twenty-nine clones were identical to cDNAs that have been identified, but with unknown functions so far, and 13 clones did not show any significant homology to sequences in GenBank (NCBI). Differential expression of distinct clones was confirmed by RT-PCR. In situ hybridization showed that certain genes, such as S100A4, NFAT5, unr and Fbx3, were also expressed predominantly in synovial tissues from patients with RA but not from normal individuals. The expression of distinct genes in proliferating RA-SF could also be found in RA synovium, suggesting that these molecules are involved in synovial activation in RA. Most importantly, the data indicate that the expression of certain genes in RA-SF depends on the stage of proliferation; therefore, the stage needs to be considered in any analysis of differential gene expression in SF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Masuda
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology and WHO Collaborating Center for Molecular Biology and Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 25, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riako Masuda
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology and WHO Collaborating Center for Molecular Biology and Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 25, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Neidhart
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology and WHO Collaborating Center for Molecular Biology and Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 25, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beat R Simmen
- Upper Extremity and Handsurgery, Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 2, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beat A Michel
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 25, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Renate E Gay
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology and WHO Collaborating Center for Molecular Biology and Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 25, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Gay
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology and WHO Collaborating Center for Molecular Biology and Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 25, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Rühl M, Johannsen M, Atkinson J, Manski D, Sahin E, Somasundaram R, Riecken EO, Schuppan D. Soluble collagen VI induces tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase and activates the MAP kinase erk2 in fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 1999; 250:548-57. [PMID: 10413607 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signals from the extracellular matrix can modulate cellular differentiation and gene expression. We have shown previously that in contrast to other extracellular matrix molecules pepsin-solubilized collagen VI (CVI) can stimulate DNA synthesis of various mesenchymal cell types, apparently independent of integrin-mediated signal transduction. In order to further elucidate collagen VI-induced signaling events, we exposed mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells to soluble CVI. CVI induced tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins that associate with focal adhesions, such as paxillin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and p130CAS. Furthermore, it activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase, erk2. Kinetic analysis showed that these phosphorylations were transient, reaching a maximum after 5 min for transformed HT1080 cells and 30 min for 3T3 fibroblasts. These effects were partly inhibited by a beta1-integrin function blocking antibody and by single chains of CVI. Our results indicate that soluble fragments of native collagen VI, a ubiquitous component of the interstitial extracellular matrix, can mediate stimulation of DNA synthesis via tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin, FAK, p130CAS, and erk2 in the absence of classical growth factors. Thus, CVI may serve as a matrix-derived sensor that allows for rapid reconstitution of a tissue defect by activating nearby mesenchymal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rühl
- Department of Medicine I, Klinikum B. Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12200, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mueller AR, Platz KP, Nüssler NC, Heckert C, Schirmeier A, Rayes N, Lang M, Radke C, Neuhaus P. Characterization and modulation of preservation/reperfusion injury after small bowel transplantation. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:579-81. [PMID: 10083245 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Charité, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maehara Y, Kakeji Y, Kabashima A, Emi Y, Watanabe A, Akazawa K, Baba H, Kohnoe S, Sugimachi K. Role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in invasion and metastasis in gastric carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:607-14. [PMID: 10080606 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1999.17.2.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a major modulator of cellular proliferation and extracellular matrix formation. We determined the role of TGF-beta1 in invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We detected TGF-beta1 expression in primary and lymph node metastatic lesions of gastric cancer, using an antibody and in situ hybridization. The plasma TGF-beta1 levels in the peripheral vein and in the tumor drainage vein were assayed. RESULTS In the cytoplasm of cancer cells, TGF- beta1 was immunostained in 35.9% (78 of 217) of primary gastric carcinomas, and this expression was confirmed by in situ hybridization. Of 59 gastric carcinomas with a TGF-beta1-negative primary tumor, metastatic lymph nodes were positive for TGF-beta1 staining in 32 cases (54.2%). Positive staining of TGF-beta1 in gastric cancer tissues was closely related to serosal invasion, infiltrative growth, and lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of TGF-beta1 was an independent risk factor for serosal invasion and infiltrative growth of the tumor. The plasma level of TGF-beta1 did not differ between TGF-beta1-negative and -positive groups. There were also no differences in plasma TGF-beta1 levels among each tumor stage, between the peripheral and the tumor drainage veins, and between preoperative and postoperative testings. CONCLUSION Transforming growth factor-beta1 is closely related to the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer, and production of TGF-beta1 in the tumor does not contribute to the total amount of TGF-beta1 in the blood circulation. We interpret our observations to mean that in a tumor microenvironment, TGF-beta1 alters the biologic behavior of the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Maehara
- Cancer Center, Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Watson KE, Parhami F, Shin V, Demer LL. Fibronectin and collagen I matrixes promote calcification of vascular cells in vitro, whereas collagen IV matrix is inhibitory. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18:1964-71. [PMID: 9848891 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.18.12.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a frequent component of atherosclerosis, yet the pathological mechanisms that regulate its formation are poorly understood. Calcification of the vessel wall may represent a process by which cells that normally exhibit a smooth muscle phenotype differentiate into cells that exhibit an osteoblast-like phenotype. One of the determinants of cellular phenotype is extracellular matrix; thus, we undertook the current study to evaluate the influence of extracellular matrix on calcification of vascular cells in vitro. Cell lines derived from bovine aortic media were divided into 1 of 3 groups: those that did not mineralize, those that mineralized slowly, or those that mineralized rapidly. When slowly mineralizing cells were plated onto matrix produced by rapidly mineralizing cells, the time required for mineralization decreased from 33+/-3.0 days to 7.8+/-1.3 days. Matrix produced by rapidly mineralizing cells was found to contain 3 times the amount of collagen I and fibronectin but 70% less collagen IV than nonmineralizing clones. When slowly mineralizing cells were cultured on purified collagen I or fibronectin, mineralized nodule formation, calcium incorporation, von Kossa staining, and alkaline phosphatase activity increased. In contrast, culturing slowly mineralizing cells on purified collagen IV inhibited these mineralization parameters. Furthermore, blocking antibodies to alpha5 integrins significantly inhibited the fibronectin-mediated increases in alkaline phosphatase activity, indicating that integrin-based signaling may be involved. These data suggest that matrix composition can regulate development of arterial calcification and that a subpopulation of vascular cells preferentially produces positively regulating matrix components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Watson
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mueller AR, Platz KP, Heckert C, Häusler M, Guckelberger O, Schuppan D, Lobeck H, Neuhaus P. Extracellular matrix: an early target of preservation/reperfusion injury and acute rejection after small bowel transplantation. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:2569-71. [PMID: 9745492 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Extracellular Matrix/immunology
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Graft Rejection/physiopathology
- Hyaluronic Acid/blood
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Laminin/blood
- Male
- Organ Preservation
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Reperfusion Injury
- Time Factors
- Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous/pathology
- Transplantation, Homologous/physiology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/immunology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/pathology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mueller AR, Platz KP, Heckert C, Häusler M, Schuppan D, Lobeck H, Neuhaus P. Differentiation between preservation reperfusion injury and acute rejection after small bowel transplantation. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:2657-9. [PMID: 9745536 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Collagen/analysis
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Fibronectins/analysis
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Hyaluronan Receptors/analysis
- Interferon-gamma/analysis
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Intestinal Mucosa/transplantation
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Laminin/analysis
- Male
- Organ Preservation/adverse effects
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Time Factors
- Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous/pathology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/immunology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Virchow Clinic, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mueller A, Platz K, Gebauer B, Schmidt C, Keck H, Lobeck H, Neuhaus P. Changes at the extracellular matrix during acute and chronic rejection in human liver transplantation. Transpl Int 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1998.tb01160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Mueller AR, Platz KP, Heckert C, Häusler M, Guckelberger O, Schuppan D, Lobeck H, Neuhaus P. The extracellular matrix: an early target of preservation/reperfusion injury and acute rejection after small bowel transplantation. Transplantation 1998; 65:770-6. [PMID: 9539087 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199803270-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells are known to be an early target of preservation/reperfusion injury and acute rejection, whereas the extracellular matrix (ECM) may also play an equally important role in the sequelae of both events. METHODS Syngeneic and allogeneic rat small bowel transplantations (SBTX) were performed after 6 hr of preservation. Animals were subsequently killed at defined time points for determination of ECM parameters within the graft and in plasma. RESULTS Laminin levels were significantly increased 20 min after reperfusion (syngeneic SBTX: 357+/-65.9 ng/ml; allogeneic SBTX: 361+/-79.6 ng/ml; P< or =0.01). After syngeneic transplantation, laminin levels normalized by postoperative day (POD) 7, whereas there was a rejection-induced increase after allogeneic SBTX (POD 7: 179+/-60.1 ng/ml; POD 9: 333+/-13.6 ng/ml; P< or =0.01 vs. syngeneic SBTX). This increase was accompanied by an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels at POD 9. Hyaluronic acid levels were significantly elevated after 24 hr (syngeneic SBTX: 1086+/-176 microg/L; allogeneic SBTX: 918+/-108 microg/L; P< or =0.01). After syngeneic SBTX, hyaluronic acid levels normalized by POD 7, whereas persistently higher levels were observed after allogeneic SBTX. Immunohistochemistry confirmed early changes (20 min after reperfusion) at the ECM. Anti-laminin and anti-CD44 staining normalized at POD 5 after syngeneic SBTX. After allogeneic SBTX, rejection-specific changes were evident with anti-laminin staining commencing on POD 5 and progressing until POD 9. At similar time points, increased expression of fibronectin- and interferon-gamma-positive material was evident. CONCLUSIONS The ECM can be considered to be an early target of preservation/reperfusion injury and acute rejection. Plasma parameters reliably reflected the changes observed within the graft. Laminin and hyaluronic acid levels may be used as indicators of initial graft function. Furthermore, the increase in laminin levels was an early indicator of acute rejection. Determination of these parameters may significantly improve monitoring after SBTX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Virchow Clinic, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Graf R, Gossrau R, Neudeck H, Matejevic D, Vetter K. The elastic fiber system in the human placenta with special reference to elastic type blood vessels. Placenta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(98)80025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
Schuppan D, Schmid M, Somasundaram R, Ackermann R, Ruehl M, Nakamura T, Riecken EO. Collagens in the liver extracellular matrix bind hepatocyte growth factor. Gastroenterology 1998; 114:139-52. [PMID: 9428228 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a potent mitogen for hepatocytes, binds to heparan sulfate. Because immunoreactive HGF can be detected in the interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM), where little heparan sulfate is found, the aim of this study was to investigate binding of HGF to several collagens and noncollagenous ECM proteins in vitro. METHODS 125I-labeled HGF was incubated with collagens I-VI, single collagen chains and their cyanogen bromide peptides, with fibronectin, fibrinogen, and laminin that were either immobilized on polystyrene or blotted to nitrocellulose after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Biological activity of collagen-bound HGF was investigated in cell culture. RESULTS HGF displayed binding of moderate affinity (Kd approximately 10(-9) mol/L) to immobilized collagen types I, III, IV, V, and VI. Binding of HGF to all collagens could be inhibited by single chains of either collagens I, III, or VI. Fragmentation with cyanogen bromide indicated unique collagenous peptides mediating the interaction. Collagen-bound HGF induced primary hepatocyte proliferation and MDCK cell scattering in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Interstitial collagens I, III, V, and VI serve as abundant, low-affinity binding sites for HGF in the ECM. This interaction is mediated by unique collagenous peptides, opening the potential to modulate HGF availability and activity by collagen-derived peptide analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Schuppan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mueller AR, Platz KP, Schumacher G, Riger J, Gebauer B, Neumann U, Neuhaus P. Mechanisms of preservation and reperfusion injury in human liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:3455-7. [PMID: 9414788 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Neudeck H, Oei SL, Stiemer B, Hopp H, Graf R. Binding of antibodies against high and low molecular weight cytokeratin proteins in the human placenta with special reference to infarcts, proliferation and differentiation processes. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1997; 29:419-30. [PMID: 9184857 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026499203743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent immunocytochemical studies have shown that placental villous trophoblasts contain the high molecular weight cytokeratin (CK) proteins 5/6 and 17. In the case of CK 17, trophoblastic immunostaining was positive in villi covered by fibrinoid. CKs 5/6 and 17 are expressed by hyperproliferative cells. The aim of this investigation was to examine the location of these CKs in placental infarcts, known to be demarcated by fibrinoid and hyperproliferative trophoblasts. The results were compared with those obtained by immunostaining against Ki-67, tenascin and alpha 1-, alpha 6- and beta 1-integrins, which are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and regenerative processes. Furthermore, the expression of the single CKs 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18 and 19 was investigated by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting. While low and high molecular weight CKs were present in villous and extravillous trophoblasts, only low molecular weight CKs were detected in vascular and extravascular placental smooth muscle cells. Placental infarcts revealed different immunoreactivities in the infarct margin and centre: high molecular CKs, tenascin, Ki-67 and oncofoetal fibronectin predominated in the infarct margin, low molecular CKs, fibrin and integrins in the centre. The expression of tenascin and a defined change in the expression of CK 17 indicates villous repair and hyperproliferative mechanisms in placental infarcts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Neudeck
- Institut für Anatomie, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mueller AR, Platz KP, Haak M, Undi H, Müller C, Köttgen E, Weidemann H, Neuhaus P. The release of cytokines, adhesion molecules, and extracellular matrix parameters during and after reperfusion in human liver transplantation. Transplantation 1996; 62:1118-26. [PMID: 8900313 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199610270-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Poor initial graft function may increase postoperative morbidity including the risk of early allograft rejection. Various mediators, including immunostimulatory cytokines, may be released during reperfusion in relation to the extent of preservation and reperfusion injury. For this purpose, 81 patients with 85 liver transplants were monitored for cytokines, adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix (ECM) parameters, and neopterin at predefined time-points during and after transplantation. To estimate the origin of cytokine release, blood was obtained central and hepatic venously for the first 48 hr after reperfusion and subsequently from a peripheral vein. One-year patient survival was 88.9%; no relation to initial graft function was observed. Poor initial graft function failed to increase the risk for subsequent infectious complications but was associated with an increased risk of early allograft rejection. The incidence of steroid-resistant rejection was significantly increased in patients with poor initial graft function (35.7% versus 12.7% in patients with good and moderate initial graft function; P < or = 0.05). Various cytokines, adhesion molecules, and ECM parameters including sTNF-RII, sIL-2R, IL-8, IL-10, sVCAM-1, E-selectin, hyaluronic acid, sialic acid, and laminin correlated significantly with the extent of preservation and reperfusion injury. Although none of these parameters was more appropriate in determining the extent of preservation and reperfusion injury than currently established parameters (AST, ALT, and color and amount of bile production), the combined increase in these parameters may not only promote tissue repair but may also perpetuate liver allograft injury and thereby cause significant morbidity. Besides cytokines and adhesion molecules, the ECM may play a pivotal role in determining repair or ongoing tissue injury. Ongoing changes at the microvasculature and basement membrane may result in an increase of local and circulating cytokines and adhesion molecules, which increase the risk of subsequent early allograft rejection. Furthermore, the increase in sTNF-RII, E-selectin, and laminin during reperfusion was predictive of subsequent development of acute allograft rejection. These observations may be of value for further strategies to decrease reperfusion injury and prevent early allograft rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Torry DJ, Richards CD, Podor TJ, Gauldie J. Modulation of the anchorage-independent phenotype of human lung fibroblasts obtained from fibrotic tissue following culture with retinoid and corticosteroid. Exp Lung Res 1996; 22:231-44. [PMID: 8706638 DOI: 10.3109/01902149609050849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast heterogeneity has been documented in fibrotic tissue from lung and skin. Differences have been demonstrated in proliferative rates in fibroblasts derived from fibrotic lung tissue as compared to normal. Fibroblast lines derived from adult fibrotic lung tissue and neonatal normal lung tissue exhibit colony growth in soft agarose culture, whereas fibroblast cell lines from normal adult lung tissue do not. The characteristic of anchorage-independent growth is consistent with the aggressive nature of the disease and with developmental lung growth. In this study, fibrotic lung fibroblasts were exposed to growth and differentiating factors to determine whether the anchorage-independent phenotype can be modulated. The results indicate that treatment of fibrotic lung fibroblasts with retinoic acid, known to modify matrix gene expression and induce differentiation, inhibits the cells ability to form colonies under soft agarose growth. Treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid yielded the greatest effect inhibiting both IPF and neonatal lung fibroblast anchorage-independent growth approximately 90% at 10(-6) M. Treatment of IPF fibroblasts with all-trans-retinoic acid also inhibited corticosteroid-induced colony growth. Modulation of the "fibrotic" fibroblast phenotype through retinoid therapy may prove beneficial as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Torry
- Department of Pathology, Chedoke-McMaster Medical Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|