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Yoon JH, Bae E, Nagafuchi Y, Sudo K, Han JS, Park SH, Nakae S, Yamashita T, Ju JH, Matsumoto I, Sumida T, Miyazawa K, Kato M, Kuroda M, Lee IK, Fujio K, Mamura M. Repression of SMAD3 by STAT3 and c-Ski induces conventional dendritic cell differentiation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e201900581. [PMID: 38960622 PMCID: PMC11222659 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine, TGF-β, signals via the receptor-regulated SMADs: SMAD2 and SMAD3, which are constitutively expressed in normal cells. Here, we show that selective repression of SMAD3 induces cDC differentiation from the CD115+ common DC progenitor (CDP). SMAD3 was expressed in haematopoietic cells including the macrophage DC progenitor. However, SMAD3 was specifically down-regulated in CD115+ CDPs, SiglecH- pre-DCs, and cDCs, whereas SMAD2 remained constitutive. SMAD3-deficient mice showed a significant increase in cDCs, SiglecH- pre-DCs, and CD115+ CDPs compared with the littermate control. SMAD3 repressed the mRNA expression of FLT3 and the cDC-related genes: IRF4 and ID2. We found that one of the SMAD transcriptional corepressors, c-SKI, cooperated with phosphorylated STAT3 at Y705 and S727 to repress the transcription of SMAD3 to induce cDC differentiation. These data indicate that STAT3 and c-Ski induce cDC differentiation by repressing SMAD3: the repressor of the cDC-related genes during the developmental stage between the macrophage DC progenitor and CD115+ CDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwan Yoon
- https://ror.org/04qn0xg47 Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- https://ror.org/00k5j5c86 Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Shin-Young Medical Institute, Chiba, Japan
- https://ror.org/025h1m602 Institute for the 3Rs, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Bae
- https://ror.org/00k5j5c86 Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- https://ror.org/03mc8zn46 Department of Companion Health, Yeonsung University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- https://ror.org/057zh3y96 Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- https://ror.org/00k5j5c86 Animal Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Soo Han
- https://ror.org/025h1m602 Institute for the 3Rs, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Susumu Nakae
- https://ror.org/03t78wx29 Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Department of Rheumatology, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keiji Miyazawa
- https://ror.org/059x21724 Departments of Biochemistry, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- https://ror.org/00k5j5c86 Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- https://ror.org/04qn0xg47 Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keishi Fujio
- https://ror.org/057zh3y96 Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuko Mamura
- https://ror.org/04qn0xg47 Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Shin-Young Medical Institute, Chiba, Japan
- https://ror.org/00k5j5c86 Department of Advanced Nucleic Acid Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Bozzini C, Busti F, Marchi G, Vianello A, Cerchione C, Martinelli G, Girelli D. Anemia in patients receiving anticancer treatments: focus on novel therapeutic approaches. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1380358. [PMID: 38628673 PMCID: PMC11018927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1380358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Anemia is common in cancer patients and impacts on quality of life and prognosis. It is typically multifactorial, often involving different pathophysiological mechanisms, making treatment a difficult task. In patients undergoing active anticancer treatments like chemotherapy, decreased red blood cell (RBC) production due to myelosuppression generally predominates, but absolute or functional iron deficiency frequently coexists. Current treatments for chemotherapy-related anemia include blood transfusions, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and iron supplementation. Each option has limitations, and there is an urgent need for novel approaches. After decades of relative immobilism, several promising anti-anemic drugs are now entering the clinical scenario. Emerging novel classes of anti-anemic drugs recently introduced or in development for other types of anemia include activin receptor ligand traps, hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, and hepcidin antagonists. Here, we discuss their possible role in the treatment of anemia observed in patients receiving anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bozzini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EuroBloodNet Referral Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabiana Busti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EuroBloodNet Referral Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giacomo Marchi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EuroBloodNet Referral Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Vianello
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EuroBloodNet Referral Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EuroBloodNet Referral Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
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Zhang H, Wan GZ, Wang YY, Chen W, Guan JZ. The role of erythrocytes and erythroid progenitor cells in tumors. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1641-1656. [PMID: 36567722 PMCID: PMC9755711 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current research context of precision treatment of malignant tumors, the advantages of immunotherapy are unmatched by conventional antitumor therapy, which can prolong progression-free survival and overall survival. The search for new targets and novel combination therapies can improve the efficacy of immunotherapy and reduce adverse effects. Since current research targets for immunotherapy mainly focus on lymphocytes, little research has been done on erythrocytes. Nucleated erythroid precursor stem cells have been discovered to play an essential role in tumor progression. Researchers are exploring new targets and therapeutic approaches for immunotherapy from the perspective of erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs). Recent studies have shown that different subtypes of EPCs have specific surface markers and distinct biological roles in tumor immunity. CD45+ EPCs are potent myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like immunosuppressants that reduce the patient's antitumor immune response. CD45- EPCs promote tumor invasion and metastasis by secreting artemin. A specific type of EPC also promotes angiogenesis and provides radiation protection. Therefore, EPCs may be involved in tumor growth, infiltration, and metastasis. It may also be an important cause of anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy resistance. This review summarizes recent research advances in erythropoiesis, EPC features, and their impacts and processes on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China,Department of Oncology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China,Postgraduate Department of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Guang-zhi Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yu-ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Guan
- Department of Oncology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
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Shash H. Non-Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia: A Panoramic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58101496. [PMID: 36295656 PMCID: PMC9608723 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) has been considered less severe than its transfusion-dependent variants. The most common forms of NTDT include β-thalassemia intermedia, hemoglobin E/beta thalassemia, and hemoglobin H disease. Patients with NTDT develop several clinical complications, despite their regular transfusion independence. Ineffective erythropoiesis, iron overload, and hypercoagulability are pathophysiological factors that lead to morbidities in these patients. Therefore, an early and accurate diagnosis of NTDT is essential to ascertaining early interventions. Currently, several conventional management options are available, with guidelines suggested by the Thalassemia International Federation, and novel therapies are being developed in light of the advancement of the understanding of this disease. This review aimed to increase clinicians’ awareness of NTDT, from its basic medical definition and genetics to its pathophysiology. Specific complications to NTDT were reviewed, along with the risk factors for its development. The indications of different therapeutic options were outlined, and recent advancements were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwazen Shash
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
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Mathieu M, Friedrich C, Ducrot N, Zannoni J, Sylvie T, Jerraya N, Rousseaux S, Chuffart F, Kosmider O, Karim Z, Park S. Luspatercept (RAP-536) modulates oxidative stress without affecting mutation burden in myelodysplastic syndromes. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:2633-2643. [PMID: 36195681 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (LR-MDS), erythropoietin (EPO) is widely used for the treatment of chronic anemia. However, initial response to EPO has time-limited effects. Luspatercept reduces red blood cell transfusion dependence in LR-MDS patients. Here, we investigated the molecular action of luspatercept (RAP-536) in an in vitro model of erythroid differentiation of MDS, and also in a in vivo PDX murine model with primary samples of MDS patients carrying or not SF3B1 mutation. In our in vitro model, RAP-536 promotes erythroid proliferation by increasing the number of cycling cells without any impact on apoptosis rates. RAP-536 promoted late erythroid precursor maturation while decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species level. RNA sequencing of erythroid progenitors obtained under RAP-536 treatment showed an enrichment of genes implicated in positive regulation of response to oxidative stress and erythroid differentiation. In our PDX model, RAP-536 induces a higher hemoglobin level. RAP-536 did not modify variant allele frequencies in vitro and did not have any effect against leukemic burden in our PDX model. These results suggest that RAP-536 promotes in vivo and in vitro erythroid cell differentiation by decreasing ROS level without any remarkable impact on iron homeostasis and on mutated allele burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meunier Mathieu
- Department of Hematology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS10217, 38043, Grenoble cedex 09, France.
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, 38700, Grenoble, France.
| | - Chloé Friedrich
- Institut Cochin, Department Development, Reproduction and Cancer, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ducrot
- Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Sur L'Inflammation (CRI), 75018, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Zannoni
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, 38700, Grenoble, France
| | - Tondeur Sylvie
- Laboratoire de Génétique Des Hémopathies, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Nelly Jerraya
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, 38700, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, 38700, Grenoble, France
| | - Florent Chuffart
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, 38700, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Kosmider
- Institut Cochin, Department Development, Reproduction and Cancer, 75014, Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris (APHP-CUP), 75014, Paris, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Toulousain Des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Park
- Department of Hematology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS10217, 38043, Grenoble cedex 09, France.
- CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM, U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, 38700, Grenoble, France.
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6
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The Bright and the Dark Side of TGF-β Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040940. [PMID: 35205692 PMCID: PMC8870127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling is a preeminent regulator of diverse cellular and physiological processes. Frequent dysregulation of TGF-β signaling has been implicated in cancer. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, the autocrine and paracrine effects of TGF-β have paradoxical implications. While acting as a potent tumor suppressor pathway in the early stages of malignancy, TGF-β diverts to a promoter of tumor progression in the late stages, reflecting its bright and dark natures, respectively. Within this context, targeting TGF-β represents a promising therapeutic option for HCC treatment. We discuss here the molecular properties of TGF-β signaling in HCC, attempting to provide an overview of its effects on tumor cells and the stroma. We also seek to evaluate the dysregulation mechanisms that mediate the functional switch of TGF-β from a tumor suppressor to a pro-tumorigenic signal. Finally, we reconcile its biphasic nature with the therapeutic implications. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with genetic and nongenetic aberrations that impact multiple genes and pathways, including the frequently dysregulated transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. The regulatory cytokine TGF-β and its signaling effectors govern a broad spectrum of spatiotemporally regulated molecular and cellular responses, yet paradoxically have dual and opposing roles in HCC progression. In the early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β signaling enforces profound tumor-suppressive effects, primarily by inducing cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, as the tumor advances in malignant progression, TGF-β functionally switches to a pro-tumorigenic signal, eliciting aggressive tumor traits, such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immune evasion of cancer cells. On this account, the inhibition of TGF-β signaling is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced HCC. In this review, we evaluate the functions and mechanisms of TGF-β signaling and relate its complex and pleiotropic biology to HCC pathophysiology, attempting to provide a detailed perspective on the molecular determinants underlying its functional diversion. We also address the therapeutic implications of the dichotomous nature of TGF-β signaling and highlight the rationale for targeting this pathway for HCC treatment, alone or in combination with other agents.
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Ye Z, Ai X, Zhao L, Fei F, Wang P, Zhou S. Phenotypic plasticity of myeloid cells in glioblastoma development, progression, and therapeutics. Oncogene 2021; 40:6059-6070. [PMID: 34556813 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of intracranial tumors with poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that phenotypic alterations of infiltrating myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment are important for GBM progression. Conventional tumor immunotherapy commonly targets T-cells, while innate immunity as a therapeutic target is an emerging field. Targeting infiltrating myeloid cells that induce immune suppression in the TME provides a novel direction to improve the prognosis of patients with GBM. The factors released by tumor cells recruit myeloid cells into tumor bed and reprogram infiltrating myeloid cells into immunostimulatory/immunosuppressive phenotypes. Reciprocally, infiltrating myeloid cells, especially microglia/macrophages, regulate GBM progression and affect therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we revisited biological characteristics and functions of infiltrating myeloid cells and discussed the recent advances in immunotherapies targeting infiltrating myeloid cells in GBM. With an evolving understanding of the complex interactions between infiltrating myeloid cells and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment, we will expand novel immunotherapeutic regimens targeting infiltrating myeloid cells in GBM treatment and improve the outcomes of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengpanpan Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital and Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Ai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital and Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fan Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital; School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32 West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital and Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital and Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
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8
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Hu C, Yan Y, Fu C, Ding J, Li T, Wang S, Fang L. Effects of miR‑210‑3p on the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells under hypoxia. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:563. [PMID: 34109429 PMCID: PMC8201459 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA binding protein 1 (GATA-1) is one of the most important hematopoietic transcription factors in the production of blood cells, such as platelets, eosinophils, mast cells and erythrocytes. GATA-1 regulates the participation of microRNA (miRNAs/miRs) in erythroid differentiation under normoxia. However, GATA-1 expression and the regulation of miR-210-3p in the context of erythroid differentiation under hypoxia remain unknown. The present study examined the expression levels of GATA-1 and miR-210-3p in the model of erythroid differentiation in K562 cells under hypoxia, and determined the effects of GATA-1, miR-210-3p and SMAD2 on erythroid differentiation through lentivirus transfection experiments. The present study detected increased GATA-1 expression under hypoxia. Moreover, miR-210-3p was identified as a positive regulator of erythroid differentiation, which was upregulated both during erythroid differentiation and in GATA-1 overexpression experiments under hypoxia. Importantly, in the K562 cell model of erythroid differentiation under hypoxia, miR-210-3p was upregulated in a GATA-1-dependent manner. Using a double luciferase reporter assay, miR-210-3p was identified as a downstream target of GATA-1-mediated regulation of erythropoiesis. Gain- or loss-of-function analysis of miR-210-3p identified its importance in erythroid differentiation. Furthermore, it was found that SMAD2 may be a downstream target gene for miR-210-3p. Bioinformatics predictions suggested that SMAD2 mediated miR-210-3p-induced regulation of erythroid differentiation. Collectively, the present study provides novel insights into the miRNA regulation of erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, Qing Hai University Medical College, Xining, Qinghai 810000, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Qing Hai University Medical College, Xining, Qinghai 810000, P.R. China
| | - Chengbing Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, Qing Hai University Medical College, Xining, Qinghai 810000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, Qing Hai University Medical College, Xining, Qinghai 810000, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Qing Hai University Medical College, Xining, Qinghai 810000, P.R. China
| | - Shuqiong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Qing Hai University Medical College, Xining, Qinghai 810000, P.R. China
| | - Liu Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Qing Hai University Medical College, Xining, Qinghai 810000, P.R. China
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Motta I, Bou-Fakhredin R, Taher AT, Cappellini MD. Beta Thalassemia: New Therapeutic Options Beyond Transfusion and Iron Chelation. Drugs 2021; 80:1053-1063. [PMID: 32557398 PMCID: PMC7299245 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies are among the most common monogenic diseases worldwide. Approximately 1–5% of the global population are carriers for a genetic thalassemia mutation. The thalassemias are characterized by autosomal recessive inherited defects in the production of hemoglobin. They are highly prevalent in the Mediterranean, Middle East, Indian subcontinent, and East and Southeast Asia. Due to recent migrations, however, the thalassemias are now becoming more common in Europe and North America, making this disease a global health concern. Currently available conventional therapies in thalassemia have many challenges and limitations. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of β-thalassemia in addition to key developments in optimizing transfusion programs and iron-chelation therapy has led to an increase in the life span of thalassemia patients and paved the way for new therapeutic strategies. These can be classified into three categories based on their efforts to address different features of the underlying pathophysiology of β-thalassemia: correction of the globin chain imbalance, addressing ineffective erythropoiesis, and improving iron overload. In this review, we provide an overview of the novel therapeutic approaches that are currently in development for β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Motta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali T Taher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. .,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Tremblay D, Mascarenhas J. Next Generation Therapeutics for the Treatment of Myelofibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051034. [PMID: 33925695 PMCID: PMC8146033 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by splenomegaly, constitutional symptoms, bone marrow fibrosis, and a propensity towards transformation to acute leukemia. JAK inhibitors are the only approved therapy for myelofibrosis and have been successful in reducing spleen and symptom burden. However, they do not significantly impact disease progression and many patients are ineligible due to coexisting cytopenias. Patients who are refractory to JAK inhibition also have a dismal survival. Therefore, non-JAK inhibitor-based therapies are being explored in pre-clinical and clinical settings. In this review, we discuss novel treatments in development for myelofibrosis with targets outside of the JAK-STAT pathway. We focus on the mechanism, preclinical rationale, and available clinical efficacy and safety information of relevant agents including those that target apoptosis (navitoclax, KRT-232, LCL-161, imetelstat), epigenetic modulation (CPI-0610, bomedemstat), the bone marrow microenvironment (PRM-151, AVID-200, alisertib), signal transduction pathways (parsaclisib), and miscellaneous agents (tagraxofusp. luspatercept). We also provide commentary on the future of therapeutic development in myelofibrosis.
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Vizzini A, Bonura A, La Paglia L, Fiannaca A, La Rosa M, Urso A, Arizza V. ceRNA Network Regulation of TGF-β, WNT, FOXO, Hedgehog Pathways in the Pharynx of Ciona robusta. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073497. [PMID: 33800649 PMCID: PMC8037537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of cytokines performs a multifunctional signaling, which is integrated and coordinated in a signaling network that involves other pathways, such as Wintless, Forkhead box-O (FOXO) and Hedgehog and regulates pivotal functions related to cell fate in all tissues. In the hematopoietic system, TGF-β signaling controls a wide spectrum of biological processes, from immune system homeostasis to the quiescence and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Recently an important role in post-transcription regulation has been attributed to two type of ncRNAs: microRNAs and pseudogenes. Ciona robusta, due to its philogenetic position close to vertebrates, is an excellent model to investigate mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation evolutionarily highly conserved in immune homeostasis. The combined use of NGS and bioinformatic analyses suggests that in the pharynx, the hematopoietic organ of Ciona robusta, the Tgf-β, Wnt, Hedgehog and FoxO pathways are involved in tissue homeostasis, as they are in human. Furthermore, ceRNA network interactions and 3'UTR elements analyses of Tgf-β, Wnt, Hedgehog and FoxO pathways genes suggest that different miRNAs conserved (cin-let-7d, cin-mir-92c, cin-mir-153), species-specific (cin-mir-4187, cin-mir-4011a, cin-mir-4056, cin-mir-4150, cin-mir-4189, cin-mir-4053, cin-mir-4016, cin-mir-4075), pseudogenes (ENSCING00000011392, ENSCING00000018651, ENSCING00000007698) and mRNA 3'UTR elements are involved in post-transcriptional regulation in an integrated way in C. robusta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche–Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 18, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Bonura
- Istituto per La Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica–Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Laura La Paglia
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni–Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Antonino Fiannaca
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni–Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Massimo La Rosa
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni–Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Alfonso Urso
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni–Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche–Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 18, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
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12
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Activin Receptor-Ligand Trap for the Treatment of β-thalassemia: A Serendipitous Discovery. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2020; 12:e2020075. [PMID: 33194149 PMCID: PMC7643807 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2020.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia is a hereditary disorder caused by defective production of β-globin chains of hemoglobin (Hb) that leads to an increased α/β globins ratio with subsequent free α-globins. Alpha globin excess causes oxidative stress, red blood cells membrane damage, premature death of late-stage erythroid precursors, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis. The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling acts on biological processes, such as cell quiescence, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, and plays an essential role in regulating the hematopoiesis. This pathway can lose its physiologic regulation in pathologic conditions, leading to anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. Activin receptor-ligand trap molecules such as Sotatercept and Luspatercept downregulate the TGF-β pathway, thus inhibiting the Smad2/3 cascade and alleviating anemia in patients with β-thalassemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. In this review, we describe in extenso the TGF-β pathway, as well as the molecular and biological basis of activin receptors ligand traps, focusing on their role in various β-thalassemia experimental models. The most recent results from clinical trials on sotatercept and luspatercept will also be reviewed.
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13
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Feld J, Navada SC, Silverman LR. Myelo-deception: Luspatercept & TGF-Beta ligand traps in myeloid diseases & anemia. Leuk Res 2020; 97:106430. [PMID: 32763582 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) encompass a clinically heterogenous group of diseases defined by a clonal bone marrow failure state. Patients with lower-risk MDS primarily suffer from the consequences of anemia, with a subset having increased risks of bleeding and infection. There are few good therapeutic options for this patient population, as patients are dependent on cytokine support to improve hematopoiesis. Our review will discuss luspatercept, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-Beta ligand trap, the first new Food & Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment in MDS in over a decade. We will explore the different TGF-Beta ligand traps that have been developed for a number of diseases, with a focus on myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Feld
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY, 10029, United States.
| | - Shyamala C Navada
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY, 10029, United States.
| | - Lewis R Silverman
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY, 10029, United States.
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14
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Strategies for managing transfusional iron overload: conventional treatments and novel strategies. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 26:139-144. [PMID: 30855336 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW For individuals who have transfusion-dependent anemia, iron overload is the long-term complication, which results in significant morbidity. Ameliorating this is now the biggest unmet need. This review specifically addresses this issue. RECENT FINDINGS Over the last decade or so, major advances in the treatment of these individuals, has resulted from novel strategies aimed at reducing transfusion requirement as well as optimizing chelation therapy. This review will summarize these advances and provide insights into some of the therapies in the pipeline. Strategies aimed at reducing transfusion requirement include modulation of erythropoietic regulation by reducing ineffective red cell production through activin trapping, as well as stem cell gene modification approaches, which aim for a cure, and transfusion independence. Refined means of assessing tissue iron and the introduction of oral chelators have facilitated tailoring chelation regimens with closer monitoring and improved compliance. Newer approaches to ameliorate iron toxicity have focused on the hepcidin pathway, all of which would result in increased hepcidin levels and reduction of iron absorption from the intestine, sequestration of iron in normal storage sites and reduced exposure of more susceptible organs, such as the heart and endocrine organs, to the toxic effects of increased iron. SUMMARY These advances offer the promise of improved management of transfusion-dependent individuals.
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15
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Martinez PA, Li R, Ramanathan HN, Bhasin M, Pearsall RS, Kumar R, Suragani RNVS. Smad2/3-pathway ligand trap luspatercept enhances erythroid differentiation in murine β-thalassaemia by increasing GATA-1 availability. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6162-6177. [PMID: 32351032 PMCID: PMC7294138 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In β‐thalassaemia, anaemia results from ineffective erythropoiesis characterized by inhibition of late‐stage erythroid differentiation. We earlier used luspatercept and RAP‐536 protein traps for certain Smad2/3‐pathway ligands to implicate Smad2/3‐pathway overactivation in dysregulated erythroid differentiation associated with murine β‐thalassaemia and myelodysplasia. Importantly, luspatercept alleviates anaemia and has been shown to reduce transfusion burden in patients with β‐thalassaemia or myelodysplasia. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying luspatercept action and pSmad2/3‐mediated inhibition of erythroid differentiation. In murine erythroleukemic (MEL) cells in vitro, ligand‐mediated overactivation of the Smad2/3 pathway reduced nuclear levels of GATA‐1 (GATA‐binding factor‐1) and its transcriptional activator TIF1γ (transcription intermediary factor 1γ), increased levels of reactive oxygen species, reduced cell viability and haemoglobin levels, and inhibited erythroid differentiation. Co‐treatment with luspatercept in MEL cells partially or completely restored each of these. In β‐thalassaemic mice, RAP‐536 up‐regulated Gata1 and its target gene signature in erythroid precursors determined by transcriptional profiling and gene set enrichment analysis, restored nuclear levels of GATA‐1 in erythroid precursors, and nuclear distribution of TIF1γ in erythroblasts. Bone marrow cells from β‐thalassaemic mice treated with luspatercept also exhibited restored nuclear availability of GATA‐1 ex vivo. Our results implicate GATA‐1, and likely TIF1γ, as key mediators of luspatercept/RAP‐536 action in alleviating ineffective erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Li
- Acceleron Pharma, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Manoj Bhasin
- BIDMC Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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Mi Y, Guo N, Luan J, Cheng J, Hu Z, Jiang P, Jin W, Gao X. The Emerging Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Glioma Immune Suppressive Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:737. [PMID: 32391020 PMCID: PMC7193311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid progenitor and precursor cells at different stages of differentiation, which play an important role in tumor immunosuppression. Glioma is the most common and deadliest primary malignant tumor of the brain, and ample evidence supports key contributions of MDSCs to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which is a key factor stimulating glioma progression. In this review, we summarize the source and characterization of MDSCs, discuss their immunosuppressive functions, and current approaches that target MDSCs for tumor control. Overall, the review provides insights into the roles of MDSC immunosuppression in the glioma microenvironment and suggests that MDSC control is a powerful cellular therapeutic target for currently incurable glioma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Mi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianghong Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhifang Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengtao Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Lab for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingchun Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Lab for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Hu M, Crossman D, Prasain JK, Miller MA, Serra RA. Transcriptomic Profiling of DAF-7/TGFβ Pathway Mutants in C. elegans. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E288. [PMID: 32182864 PMCID: PMC7140792 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta superfamily encompasses a large family of ligands that are well conserved across many organisms. They are regulators of a number of physiological and pathological processes. The model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been instrumental in identifying key components of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway. In C. elegans, the TGFβ homolog DAF-7 signals through the DAF-1 Type I and DAF-4 Type II receptors to phosphorylate downstream R-SMADs DAF-8 and DAF-14. These R-SMADs translocate into the nucleus to inhibit Co-SMAD DAF-3. Many of the roles of the canonical DAF-7 pathway, involving both DAF-1 and DAF-3, have been identified using targeted genetic studies. Few have assessed the global transcriptomic changes in response to these genes, especially in adult animals. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing on wild type, daf-1, and daf-1; daf-3 adult hermaphrodites. To assess the overall trends of the data, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed gene ontology analysis to identify the types of downstream genes that are differentially expressed. Hierarchical clustering showed that the daf-1; daf-3 double mutants are transcriptionally more similar to wild type than daf-1 mutants. Analysis of the DEGs showed a disproportionally high number of genes whose expression is increased in daf-1 mutants, suggesting that DAF-1 acts as a general repressor of gene expression in wild type animals. Gene ontology analysis of the DEGs produced many significantly enriched terms, including Molting Cycle, Response to Topologically Incorrect Protein, and Response to Biotic Stimulus. Understanding the direct and indirect targets of the DAF-7 TGFβ pathway through this RNA-seq dataset can provide insight into novel roles of the multifunctional signaling pathway, as well as identify novel genes that may participate in previously reported functions of TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhan Hu
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.A.M.); (R.A.S.)
| | - David Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Jeevan K. Prasain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Michael A. Miller
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.A.M.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Rosa A. Serra
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.A.M.); (R.A.S.)
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18
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Kong Y, Nie Z, Guo H, Ma C. LINK-A lncRNA is upregulated in osteosarcoma and regulates migration, invasion and stemness of osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2832-2838. [PMID: 32218837 PMCID: PMC7068315 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of long intergenic non-coding RNA for kinase activation (LINK-A) long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in osteosarcoma. Plasma levels of LINK-A lncRNA and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. Correlation between LINK-A lncRNA and TGF-β1 was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. LINK-A lncRNA and TGF-β1 were upregulated in patients with osteosarcoma compared with healthy controls. LINK-A lncRNA and TGF-β1 were positively correlated in the two groups. LINK-A lncRNA short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were transfected into osteosarcoma cell lines and Transwell migration assay, Matrigel invasion assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell migration, invasion and stemness, respectively. Effects of LINK-A lncRNA silencing and overexpression on TGF-β1 expression were analyzed by western blotting. LINK-A lncRNA shRNA silencing inhibited, whereas TGF-β1 treatment promoted cell migration, invasion and stemness. LINK-A lncRNA silencing inhibited TGF-β1 expression, whereas TGF-β1 treatment had no effects on LINK-A lncRNA expression. TGF-β1 reduced the inhibitory effects of LINK-A lncRNA knockdown on cancer cell migration, invasion and stemness. These data indicated that LINK-A lncRNA is upregulated in osteosarcoma and may regulate migration, invasion and stemness of osteosarcoma cells through TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Kong
- Department of Osteoarthrosurgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
| | - Zhikui Nie
- Department of Osteoarthrosurgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
| | - Hongmin Guo
- Department of Osteoarthrosurgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
| | - Cao Ma
- Department of Osteoarthrosurgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
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19
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Activin-A is elevated in patients with thalassemia major and double heterozygous sickle cell/beta-thalassemia and correlates with markers of hemolysis and bone mineral density. Ann Hematol 2019; 98:1583-1592. [PMID: 31041514 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances in the management of hemoglobinopathies, further insight into disease pathophysiology is necessary to improve our therapeutic approach. Activin-A has emerged as a regulator of erythropoiesis and bone turnover in malignant disorders; however, clinical data in hemoglobinopathies are currently scarce. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of activin-A among hemoglobinopathy patients and evaluate the rationale of its targeting. Circulating levels of activin-A were measured in patients (n = 227) with beta-thalassemia major (TM) (n = 58), beta-thalassemia intermedia (TI) (n = 43), double heterozygous sickle cell/beta-thalassemia (HbS/beta-thal) (n = 109), or homozygous sickle cell disease (n = 17), and we explored possible correlations with clinical and laboratory data. Seventeen age- and gender-matched, healthy individuals served as controls. Bone marrow density (BMD) was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. TM and HbS/beta-thal patients had elevated activin-A compared to controls (p = 0.041 and p = 0.038, respectively). In TM patients, high circulating activin-A showed strong correlations with hemolysis markers, namely reticulocyte count (p = 0.011) and high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; p = 0.024). Similarly, in HbS/beta-thal patients, activin-A showed positive correlations with indirect bilirubin (p < 0.001), ferritin (p = 0.005), and LDH (p = 0.044). High activin-A correlated with low Z-score of both lumbar spine BMD in TI patients (p < 0.01) and femoral neck BMD in TM patients (p < 0.01). Serum activin-A is elevated in patients with TM and HbS/beta-thal and correlates with markers of hemolysis and low BMD. These data support a role of activin-A in the biology of these disorders and provide further rationale for the broader clinical development of activin-A inhibitors in this setting.
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20
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Bataller A, Montalban-Bravo G, Soltysiak KA, Garcia-Manero G. The role of TGFβ in hematopoiesis and myeloid disorders. Leukemia 2019; 33:1076-1089. [PMID: 30816330 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling in embryological development and tissue homeostasis has been thoroughly characterized. Its canonical downstream cascade is well known, even though its true complexity and other non-canonical pathways are still being explored. TGFβ signaling has been described as an important pathway involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In the hematopoietic compartment, the TGFβ pathway is an important regulator of proliferation and differentiation of different cell types and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a diverse variety of bone marrow disorders. Due to its importance in hematological diseases, novel inhibitors of this pathway are being developed against a number of hematopoietic disorders, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In this review, we provide an overview of the TGFβ pathway, focusing on its role in hematopoiesis and impact on myeloid disorders. We will discuss therapeutic interventions with promising results against MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bataller
- Hematology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kelly A Soltysiak
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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TGFβ Superfamily Members as Regulators of B Cell Development and Function-Implications for Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123928. [PMID: 30544541 PMCID: PMC6321615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGFβ superfamily is composed of more than 33 growth and differentiation factors, including TGFβ1, β2, β3, BMPs, GDFs, nodal-related proteins, and activins. These members usually exert pleiotropic actions on several tissues and control multiple cellular processes, such as cell growth, cell survival, cell migration, cell fate specification, and differentiation, both during embryonic development and postnatal life. Although the effects of these factors on immune responses were elucidated long ago, most studies have been focused on the actions of TGFβs on T cells, as major regulators of adaptive immunity. In this review, we discuss new findings about the involvement of TGFβ superfamily members in the control of B cell development and function. Moreover, the potential contribution of TGFβ signaling to control B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and its utility in the design of new therapies are also discussed.
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22
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Safari E, Ghorghanlu S, Ahmadi‐khiavi H, Mehranfar S, Rezaei R, Motallebnezhad M. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and tumor: Current knowledge and future perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9966-9981. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Safari
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sajjad Ghorghanlu
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran
| | | | - Sahar Mehranfar
- Department of Genetics and Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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23
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Fernández-Nocelo S, Gallego R, Costoya JA, Arce VM. Expression of myostatin in human hematopoietic cells unveils novel autocrine/paracrine actions for the hormone. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7236-7246. [PMID: 30370618 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily that has a well-established role as a mediator of muscle growth and development. However, myostatin is now emerging as a pleiotropic hormone with multiple actions in the regulation of the metabolism as well as several aspects of both cardiac and smooth muscle cells physiology. In addition, myostatin is also expressed in several nonmuscular cells where its physiological role remains to be elucidated in most cases. In this report, we have shown that both myostatin and its receptor system are expressed in blood cells and in hematopoietic cell lines. Furthermore, myostatin treatment promotes differentiation of both HL60 and K562 cells through a mechanism that involves activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, thus leading to the possibility that myostatin may be a paracrine/autocrine factor involved in the control of haematopoiesis. In addition, the presence of myostatin expression in immune cells could envisage a novel role for the hormone in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Fernández-Nocelo
- Departamento de Fisioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José A Costoya
- Departamento de Fisioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Víctor M Arce
- Departamento de Fisioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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24
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Hofer M, Hoferová Z, Remšík J, Nováková M, Procházková J, Fedr R, Kohoutek J, Dušek L, Hampl A, Souček K. Hematological findings in non-treated and gamma-irradiated mice deficient for MIC-1/GDF15. Physiol Res 2018; 67:623-636. [PMID: 29750874 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several members of the TGF-beta family are known to effectively regulate the fate of hematopoietic progenitor cells in a complex and context-dependent manner. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of the TGF-beta family. This stress-induced cytokine has been proposed to possess immunomodulatory functions and its high expression is often associated with progression of a variety of pathological conditions. GDF15 is also induced by chemotherapy and irradiation. Very few fundamental studies have been published regarding the effect of GDF15 in hematopoiesis. In this study, we analyzed the hematological status of untreated and gamma-irradiated mice deficient for GDF15 as a result of genetic knock-out (KO), in order to clarify the regulatory role of GDF15 in hematopoiesis. Significant differences between GDF15 KO mice and their pertinent WT controls were found in the parameters of blood monocyte numbers, blood platelet size, and distribution width, as well as in the values of bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells. Different tendencies of some hematological parameters in the GDF15 KO mice in normal conditions and those under exposure of the mice to ionizing radiation were registered. These findings are discussed in the context of the GDF15 gene function and its lack under conditions of radiation-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hofer
- Department of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic. and Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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25
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A paradigm shift on beta-thalassaemia treatment: How will we manage this old disease with new therapies? Blood Rev 2018; 32:300-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Becker W, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. miR-466a Targeting of TGF-β2 Contributes to FoxP3 + Regulatory T Cell Differentiation in a Murine Model of Allogeneic Transplantation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:688. [PMID: 29686677 PMCID: PMC5900016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The promise of inducing immunological tolerance through regulatory T cell (Treg) control of effector T cell function is crucial for developing future therapeutic strategies to treat allograft rejection as well as inflammatory autoimmune diseases. In the current study, we used murine allograft rejection as a model to identify microRNA (miRNA) regulation of Treg differentiation from naïve CD4 cells. We performed miRNA expression array in CD4+ T cells in the draining lymph node (dLN) of mice which received syngeneic or allogeneic grafts to determine the molecular mechanisms that hinder the expansion of Tregs. We identified an increase in miRNA cluster 297-669 (C2MC) after allogeneic transplantation, in CD4+ T cells, such that 10 of the 27 upregulated miRNAs were all from this cluster, with one of its members, mmu-miR-466a-3p (miR-466a-3p), targeting transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2), as identified through reporter luciferase assay. Transfection of miR-466a-3p in CD4+ T cells led to a decreased inducible FoxP3+ Treg generation while inhibiting miR-466a-3p expression through locked nucleic acid resulting in increased Tregs and a reduction in effector T cells. Furthermore, in vivo inhibition of miR-466a-3p in an allogeneic skin-graft model attenuated T cell response against the graft through an increase in TGF-β2. TGF-β2 was as effective as TGF-β1 at both inducing Tregs and through adoptive transfer, mitigating host effector T cell response against the allograft. Together, the current study demonstrates for the first time a new role for miRNA-466a-3p and TGF-β2 in the regulation of Treg differentiation and thus offers novel avenues to control inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prakash S. Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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27
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Identification of a murine CD45 -F4/80 lo HSC-derived marrow endosteal cell associated with donor stem cell engraftment. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2667-2678. [PMID: 29296920 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017008730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in specialized microenvironments within the marrow designated as stem cell niches, which function to support HSCs at homeostasis and promote HSC engraftment after radioablation. We previously identified marrow space remodeling after hematopoietic ablation, including osteoblast thickening, osteoblast proliferation, and megakaryocyte migration to the endosteum, which is critical for effective engraftment of donor HSCs. To further evaluate the impact of hematopoietic cells on marrow remodeling, we used a transgenic mouse model (CD45Cre/iDTR) to selectively deplete hematopoietic cells in situ. Depletion of hematopoietic cells immediately before radioablation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation abrogated donor HSC engraftment and was associated with strikingly flattened endosteal osteoblasts with preserved osteoblast proliferation and megakaryocyte migration. Depletion of monocytes, macrophages, or megakaryocytes (the predominant hematopoietic cell populations that survive short-term after irradiation) did not lead to an alteration of osteoblast morphology, suggesting that a hematopoietic-derived cell outside these lineages regulates osteoblast morphologic adaptation after irradiation. Using 2 lineage-tracing strategies, we identified a novel CD45-F4/80lo HSC-derived cell that resides among osteoblasts along the endosteal marrow surface and, at least transiently, survives radioablation. This newly identified marrow cell may be an important regulator of HSC engraftment, possibly by influencing the shape and function of endosteal osteoblasts.
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28
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Borges I, Sena I, Azevedo P, Andreotti J, Almeida V, Paiva A, Santos G, Guerra D, Prazeres P, Mesquita LL, Silva LSDB, Leonel C, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Lung as a Niche for Hematopoietic Progenitors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:567-574. [PMID: 28669077 PMCID: PMC6093188 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are released from megakaryocytes. The bone marrow has been proposed to be the major site where this process occurs. Lefrançais et al. (2017) using state-of-the-art techniques including two-photon microscopy, in vivo lineage-tracing technologies, and sophisticated lung transplants reveal that the lung is also a primary site for platelet biogenesis. Strikingly, lung megakaryocytes can completely reconstitute platelet counts in the blood in mice with thrombocytopenia. This study also shows that hematopoietic progenitors, with capacity to repopulate the bone marrow after irradiation, are present in the lungs. This work brings a novel unexpected role for the lung as a niche for hematopoiesis. The emerging knowledge from this research may be important for the treatment of several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Borges
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isadora Sena
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrick Azevedo
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Andreotti
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Viviani Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paiva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabryella Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerra
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Prazeres
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caroline Leonel
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA.
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29
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Naka K, Hirao A. Regulation of Hematopoiesis and Hematological Disease by TGF-β Family Signaling Molecules. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a027987. [PMID: 28193723 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the lifetime of an individual, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the homeostasis of normal hematopoiesis through the precise generation of mature blood cells. Numerous genetic studies in mice have shown that stem-cell quiescence is critical for sustaining primitive long-term HSCs in vivo. In this review, we first examine the crucial roles of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related signaling molecules in not only regulating the well-known cytostatic effects of these molecules but also governing the self-renewal capacity of HSCs in their in vivo microenvironmental niche. Second, we discuss the current evidence indicating that TGF-β signaling has a dual function in disorders of the hematopoietic system. In particular, we examine the paradox that, although intrinsic TGF-β signaling is essential for regulating the survival and resistance to therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) stem cells, genetic changes that abrogate TGF-β signaling can lead to the development of several hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Naka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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30
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Millar JK, Kannan KB, Loftus TJ, Alamo IG, Plazas J, Efron PA, Mohr AM. Persistent injury-associated anemia: the role of the bone marrow microenvironment. J Surg Res 2017; 214:240-246. [PMID: 28624051 PMCID: PMC5550023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulation of erythropoiesis involves hematopoietic progenitor cells, bone marrow stroma, and the microenvironment. Following severe injury, a hypercatecholamine state develops that is associated with increased mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells to peripheral blood and decreased growth of bone marrow erythroid progenitor cells that manifests clinically as a persistent injury-associated anemia. Changes within the bone marrow microenvironment influence the development of erythroid progenitor cells. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of lung contusion, hemorrhagic shock, and chronic stress on the hematopoietic cytokine response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow was obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6/group) killed 7 d after lung contusion followed by hemorrhagic shock (LCHS) or LCHS followed by daily chronic restraint stress (LCHS/CS). End point polymerase chain reaction was performed for interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, stem cell factor, transforming growth factor-β, high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), and B-cell lymphoma-extra large. RESULTS Seven days following LCHS and LCHS/CS, bone marrow expression of prohematopoietic cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, stem cell factor, and transforming growth factor-β) was significantly decreased, and bone marrow expression of HMGB-1 was significantly increased. B-cell lymphoma-extra large bone marrow expression was not affected by LCHS or LCHS/CS (naïve: 44 ± 12, LCHS: 44 ± 12, LCHS/CS: 37 ± 1, all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The bone marrow microenvironment was significantly altered following severe trauma in a rodent model. Prohematopoietic cytokines were downregulated, and the proinflammatory cytokine HMGB-1 had increased bone marrow expression. Modulation of the bone marrow microenvironment may represent a therapeutic strategy following severe trauma to alleviate persistent injury-associated anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Millar
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kolenkode B Kannan
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Tyler J Loftus
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ines G Alamo
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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31
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p190-B RhoGAP and intracellular cytokine signals balance hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14382. [PMID: 28176763 PMCID: PMC5309857 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate choices remain ill-defined. Here, we show that a signalling network of p190-B RhoGAP-ROS-TGF-β-p38MAPK balances HSPC self-renewal and differentiation. Upon transplantation, HSPCs express high amounts of bioactive TGF-β1 protein, which is associated with high levels of p38MAPK activity and loss of HSC self-renewal in vivo. Elevated levels of bioactive TGF-β1 are associated with asymmetric fate choice in vitro in single HSPCs via p38MAPK activity and this is correlated with the asymmetric distribution of activated p38MAPK. In contrast, loss of p190-B, a RhoGTPase inhibitor, normalizes TGF-β levels and p38MAPK activity in HSPCs and is correlated with increased HSC self-renewal in vivo. Loss of p190-B also promotes symmetric retention of multi-lineage capacity in single HSPC myeloid cell cultures, further suggesting a link between p190-B-RhoGAP and non-canonical TGF-β signalling in HSPC differentiation. Thus, intracellular cytokine signalling may serve as ‘fate determinants' used by HSPCs to modulate their activity. The success of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation relies on understanding what regulates the fate decision to self-renew. Here, the authors show using both in vitro assays and in vivo transplantation that loss of the RhoGAP p190-B enhances self-renewal by inhibiting TGFβ/p38 signalling.
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32
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Park S, Lee S, Park EJ, Kang M, So I, Jeon JH, Chun JN. TGFβ1 induces stress fiber formation through upregulation of TRPC6 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:129-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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33
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The Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) in Cancer Progression. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4040036. [PMID: 27827871 PMCID: PMC5192356 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment represents not only one of the key factors stimulating tumor progression but also a strong obstacle for efficient tumor immunotherapy. Immunosuppression was found to be associated with chronic inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines and growth factors produced by cancer and stroma cells. Long-term intensive production of these factors induces the formation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) representing one of the most important players mediating immunosuppression. Moreover, MDSCs could not only inhibit anti-tumor immune reactions but also directly stimulate tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of their generation, expansion, recruitment and activation is required for the development of novel strategies for tumor immunotherapy.
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34
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Hinge A, Filippi MD. Deconstructing the Complexity of TGFβ Signaling in Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Quiescence and Beyond. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016; 2:388-397. [PMID: 28529843 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is highly dynamic and must constantly produce new blood cells every day. Mature blood cells all derive from a pool of rare long-lived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are mostly quiescent but occasionally divide and self-renew in order to maintain the stem cell pool and continuous replenishment of mature blood cells throughout life. A tight control of HSC self-renewal, commitment to differentiation and maintenance of quiescence states is necessary for lifelong blood supply. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a critical regulator hematopoietic cell functions. It is a potent inhibitor of hematopoietic cell growth. However, TGFβ functions are more complex and largely context-dependent. Emerging evidence suggests a role in aging, cell identity and cell fate decisions. Here, we will review the role of TGF-β and downstream signaling in normal HSC functions, in HSC quiescence and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hinge
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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35
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Role of the bone morphogenic protein pathway in developmental haemopoiesis and leukaemogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:1455-1463. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20160104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid leukaemias share the common characteristics of being stem cell-derived clonal diseases, characterised by excessive proliferation of one or more myeloid lineage. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) arises from a genetic alteration in a normal haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) giving rise to a leukaemic stem cell (LSC) within the bone marrow (BM) ‘niche’. CML is characterised by the presence of the oncogenic tyrosine kinase fusion protein breakpoint cluster region-abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (BCR-ABL), which is responsible for driving the disease through activation of downstream signal transduction pathways. Recent evidence from our group and others indicates that important regulatory networks involved in establishing primitive and definitive haemopoiesis during development are reactivated in myeloid leukaemia, giving rise to an LSC population with altered self-renewal and differentiation properties. In this review, we explore the role the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling plays in stem cell pluripotency, developmental haemopoiesis, HSC maintenance and the implication of altered BMP signalling on LSC persistence in the BM niche. Overall, we emphasise how the BMP and Wnt pathways converge to alter the Cdx–Hox axis and the implications of this in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies.
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36
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Zeidan AM, Stahl M, Komrokji R. Emerging biological therapies for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2016; 21:283-300. [DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2016.1220534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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The proto-oncogenic protein TAL1 controls TGF-β1 signaling through interaction with SMAD3. BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2016; 2:69-78. [PMID: 29632840 PMCID: PMC5889486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β1 is involved in many aspects of tissue development and homeostasis including hematopoiesis. The TAL1 transcription factor is also an important player of this latter process and is expressed very early in the myeloid and erythroid lineages. We previously established a link between TGF-β1 signaling and TAL1 by showing that the cytokine was able to induce its proteolytic degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. In this manuscript we show that TAL1 interacts with SMAD3 that acts in the pathway downstream of TGF-β1 association with its receptor. TAL1 expression strengthens the positive or negative effect of SMAD3 on various genes. Both transcription factors activate the inhibitory SMAD7 factor through the E box motif present in its transcriptional promoter. DNA precipitation assays showed that TAL1 present in Jurkat or K562 cells binds to this SMAD binding element in a SMAD3 dependent manner. SMAD3 and TAL1 also inhibit several genes including ID1, hTERT and TGF-β1 itself. In this latter case TAL1 and SMAD3 can impair the positive effect exerted by E47. Our results indicate that TAL1 expression can modulate TGF-β1 signaling by interacting with SMAD3 and by increasing its transcriptional properties. They also suggest the existence of a negative feedback loop between TAL1 expression and TGF-β1 signaling.
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38
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Rosenberg AS, Puig M, Nagaraju K, Hoffman EP, Villalta SA, Rao VA, Wakefield LM, Woodcock J. Immune-mediated pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:299rv4. [PMID: 26246170 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunological and inflammatory processes downstream of dystrophin deficiency as well as metabolic abnormalities, defective autophagy, and loss of regenerative capacity all contribute to muscle pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). These downstream cascades offer potential avenues for pharmacological intervention. Modulating the inflammatory response and inducing immunological tolerance to de novo dystrophin expression will be critical to the success of dystrophin-replacement therapies. This Review focuses on the role of the inflammatory response in DMD pathogenesis and opportunities for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Rosenberg
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Montserrat Puig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - S Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - V Ashutosh Rao
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Lalage M Wakefield
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 4032A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Janet Woodcock
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 71/2238, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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39
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Dasgupta Y, Koptyra M, Hoser G, Kantekure K, Roy D, Gornicka B, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Bolton-Gillespie E, Cerny-Reiterer S, Müschen M, Valent P, Wasik MA, Richardson C, Hantschel O, van der Kuip H, Stoklosa T, Skorski T. Normal ABL1 is a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target in human and mouse leukemias expressing oncogenic ABL1 kinases. Blood 2016; 127:2131-43. [PMID: 26864341 PMCID: PMC4850868 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-681171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias expressing constitutively activated mutants of ABL1 tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL1, TEL-ABL1, NUP214-ABL1) usually contain at least 1 normal ABL1 allele. Because oncogenic and normal ABL1 kinases may exert opposite effects on cell behavior, we examined the role of normal ABL1 in leukemias induced by oncogenic ABL1 kinases. BCR-ABL1-Abl1(-/-) cells generated highly aggressive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)-blast phase-like disease in mice compared with less malignant CML-chronic phase-like disease from BCR-ABL1-Abl1(+/+) cells. Additionally, loss of ABL1 stimulated proliferation and expansion of BCR-ABL1 murine leukemia stem cells, arrested myeloid differentiation, inhibited genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis, and facilitated accumulation of chromosomal aberrations. Conversely, allosteric stimulation of ABL1 kinase activity enhanced the antileukemia effect of ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib and ponatinib) in human and murine leukemias expressing BCR-ABL1, TEL-ABL1, and NUP214-ABL1. Therefore, we postulate that normal ABL1 kinase behaves like a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target in leukemias expressing oncogenic forms of the kinase.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/enzymology
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytostatic Agents/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genes, abl
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Experimental/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Experimental/enzymology
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Oxidative Stress
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/physiology
- Pyridazines/pharmacology
- Pyridazines/therapeutic use
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodhara Dasgupta
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Grazyna Hoser
- Department of Clinical Cytology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kanchan Kantekure
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Darshan Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Barbara Gornicka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna and Ludwig-Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna and Ludwig-Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Bioinformatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Oliver Hantschel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heiko van der Kuip
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany; and
| | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Baba M, Toyama H, Sun L, Takubo K, Suh HC, Hasumi H, Nakamura-Ishizu A, Hasumi Y, Klarmann KD, Nakagata N, Schmidt LS, Linehan WM, Suda T, Keller JR. Loss of Folliculin Disrupts Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence and Homeostasis Resulting in Bone Marrow Failure. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1068-82. [PMID: 27095138 PMCID: PMC4843833 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Folliculin (FLCN) is an autosomal dominant tumor suppressor gene that modulates diverse signaling pathways required for growth, proliferation, metabolism, survival, motility, and adhesion. FLCN is an essential protein required for murine embryonic development, embryonic stem cell (ESC) commitment, and Drosophila germline stem cell maintenance, suggesting that Flcn may be required for adult stem cell homeostasis. Conditional inactivation of Flcn in adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) drives hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) into proliferative exhaustion resulting in the rapid depletion of HSPC, loss of all hematopoietic cell lineages, acute bone marrow (BM) failure, and mortality after 40 days. HSC that lack Flcn fail to reconstitute the hematopoietic compartment in recipient mice, demonstrating a cell-autonomous requirement for Flcn in HSC maintenance. BM cells showed increased phosphorylation of Akt and mTorc1, and extramedullary hematopoiesis was significantly reduced by treating mice with rapamycin in vivo, suggesting that the mTorc1 pathway was activated by loss of Flcn expression in hematopoietic cells in vivo. Tfe3 was activated and preferentially localized to the nucleus of Flcn knockout (KO) HSPCs. Tfe3 overexpression in HSPCs impaired long-term hematopoietic reconstitution in vivo, recapitulating the Flcn KO phenotype, and supporting the notion that abnormal activation of Tfe3 contributes to the Flcn KO phenotype. Flcn KO mice develop an acute histiocytic hyperplasia in multiple organs, suggesting a novel function for Flcn in macrophage development. Thus, Flcn is intrinsically required to maintain adult HSC quiescence and homeostasis, and Flcn loss leads to BM failure and mortality in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Baba
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 〒 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Toyama
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Lei Sun
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program and Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hyung-Chan Suh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program and Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hisashi Hasumi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hasumi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Klarmann
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program and Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 〒 860-0811, Japan
| | - Laura S. Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program and Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - W. Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Toshio Suda
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 〒 860-0811, Japan
| | - Jonathan R. Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program and Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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41
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Birbrair A, Frenette PS. Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1370:82-96. [PMID: 27015419 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammals, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are defined by their abilities to self-renew and to differentiate to form all blood cell lineages. These rare multipotent cells occupy specific locations in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. The specific microenvironment regulating HSCs, commonly referred to as the niche, comprises multiple cell types whose exact contributions are under active investigation. Understanding cellular cross talk involving HSCs in the BM microenvironment is of fundamental importance for harnessing therapies against benign and malignant blood diseases. In this review, we summarize and evaluate recent advances in our understanding of niche heterogeneity and its influence on HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Birbrair
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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42
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The role of the bone morphogenetic proteins in leukaemic stem cell persistence. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:809-15. [PMID: 25109962 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CML (chronic myeloid leukaemia) is characterized by the presence of the oncogenic tyrosine kinase fusion protein BCR (breakpoint cluster region)-Abl, responsible for driving the disease. Current TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) therapies effectively inhibit BCR-Abl to control CML in the majority of patients, but do not eliminate the LSC (leukaemic stem cell) population, which becomes quiescent following treatment. Patients require long-term treatment to sustain remission; alternative strategies are therefore required, either alone or in combination with TKIs to eliminate the LSCs and provide a cure. The embryonic morphogenetic pathways play a key role in haemopoiesis with recent evidence suggesting LSCs are more dependent on these signals following chemotherapy than normal HSCs (haemopoietic stem cells). Recent evidence in the literature and from our group has revealed that the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) pathway is differentially expressed in CML patients compared with normal donors. In the present review, we explore the role that BMP signalling plays in oesteoblast differentiation, HSC maintenance and the implication of altered BMP signalling on LSC persistence in the BM (bone marrow) niche. Overall, we highlight the BMP pathway as a potential target for developing LSC-directed therapies in CML in the future.
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43
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Brenet F, Scandura JM. Cutting the brakes on hematopoietic regeneration by blocking TGFβ to limit chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e978703. [PMID: 27308454 PMCID: PMC4905289 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.978703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stressors such as infection, bleeding, or toxic injury trigger a hematopoietic adaptation that sacrifices hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) quiescence to meet an urgent need for new blood cell production. Once the hematopoietic demands are adequately met, homeostasis must be restored. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling is a central mediator mandating the return of HSPCs to quiescence after stress. Blockade of TGFβ signaling after hematopoietic stress delays the return of cycling HSPCs to quiescence and in so doing promotes hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and accelerates hematopoietic reconstitution. These findings open the door to new therapeutics that modulate the hematopoietic adaptation to stress. In this review, we will discuss the complex context-dependent activities of TGFβ in hematopoiesis and the potential benefits and limitations of using TGFβ pathway inhibitors to promote multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution after myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Brenet
- Inserm U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Signaling, Hematopoiesis and Mechanisms of Oncogenesis; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105, CNRS UMR 7258 ; Marseille, France
| | - Joseph M Scandura
- Department of Medicine; Divisions of Hematology-Oncology and Regenerative Medicine; Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College; Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis; New York, NY USA
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44
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TGF-β signaling in the control of hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2015; 125:3542-50. [PMID: 25833962 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-618090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood is a tissue with high cellular turnover, and its production is a tightly orchestrated process that requires constant replenishment. All mature blood cells are generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are the self-renewing units that sustain lifelong hematopoiesis. HSC behavior, such as self-renewal and quiescence, is regulated by a wide array of factors, including external signaling cues present in the bone marrow. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of cytokines constitutes a multifunctional signaling circuitry, which regulates pivotal functions related to cell fate and behavior in virtually all tissues of the body. In the hematopoietic system, TGF-β signaling controls a wide spectrum of biological processes, from homeostasis of the immune system to quiescence and self-renewal of HSCs. Here, we review key features and emerging concepts pertaining to TGF-β and downstream signaling pathways in normal HSC biology, featuring aspects of aging, hematologic disease, and how this circuitry may be exploited for clinical purposes in the future.
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45
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Microarray applications to understand the impact of exposure to environmental contaminants in wild dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Mar Genomics 2015; 19:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vaidya A, Kale VP. TGF-β signaling and its role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells. SYSTEMS AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 2015; 9:1-10. [PMID: 25972984 DOI: 10.1007/s11693-015-9161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-betas (TGF-βs) and their family members that include bone morphogenic proteins and activins have been implicated in the regulation of proliferation, hibernation, quiescence and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Increasing evidence suggests that the superfamily of TGF-βs play an integral role in the intercellular cross-talk between the stem cells and their microenvironment as well as within the cells at an intracellular level. Active sites of hematopoiesis, such as fetal liver and bone marrow are known to have abundant presence of TGF-β indicating their importance in the maintenance and regulation of hematopoiesis. One of the striking features of TGF-β superfamily is the variety of effects they evoke, contingent on the developing history of the responding cells. In the present review, we discuss the Smad-dependent and Smad-independent TGF-β signaling pathways in order to understand and underscore their role in the regulation of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Lavale, Mulshi, Pune, 412115 Maharashtra India
| | - Vaijayanti P Kale
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
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47
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MiR-24 is required for hematopoietic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004959. [PMID: 25634354 PMCID: PMC4310609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of miRNA, miR-24, in mouse hematopoietic progenitors increases monocytic/ granulocytic differentiation and inhibits B cell development. To determine if endogenous miR-24 is required for hematopoiesis, we antagonized miR-24 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and performed in vitro differentiations. Suppression of miR-24 resulted in an inability to produce blood and hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) from ESCs. The phenotype is not a general defect in mesoderm production since we observe production of nascent mesoderm as well as mesoderm derived cardiac muscle and endothelial cells. Results from blast colony forming cell (BL-CFC) assays demonstrate that miR-24 is not required for generation of the hemangioblast, the mesoderm progenitor that gives rise to blood and endothelial cells. However, expression of the transcription factors Runx1 and Scl is greatly reduced, suggesting an impaired ability of the hemangioblast to differentiate. Lastly, we observed that known miR-24 target, Trib3, is upregulated in the miR-24 antagonized embryoid bodies (EBs). Overexpression of Trib3 alone in ESCs was able to decrease HPC production, though not as great as seen with miR-24 knockdown. These results demonstrate an essential role for miR-24 in the hematopoietic differentiation of ESCs. Although many miRNAs have been implicated in regulation of hematopoiesis, this is the first miRNA observed to be required for the specification of mammalian blood progenitors from early mesoderm. Studies of mouse embryos and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have defined the ontogeny of mammalian embryonic hematopoietic cells. The ESC differentiation system has been valuable for dissecting the molecular regulation of the development of mesoderm into HPCs. Extracellular signals regulate a complex network of transcription factors to direct embryonic hematopoietic development. Mammalian miRNAs have previously not been described to regulate this genetic network during embryonic hematopoiesis. However, a role for miRNAs in producing the hemangioblast, and hemogenic endothelium in Xenopus has been described. Our work with ESCs demonstrates a specific requirement for the miRNA, miR-24, in the development of hematopoietic progenitors cells (HPCs). Antagonizing miR-24 in ESCs does not affect generation of BL-CFCs, the in vitro equivalent of the hemangioblast, but does compromise the ability of those BL-CFCs to produced HPCs. Expression of transcription factors required for HPC production downstream of the hemangioblast, Scl, and Runx1, is greatly reduced by antagonizing miR-24. These results identify miR-24, as a mammalian miRNA required for the development of blood from newly formed mesoderm.
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48
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Nyati S, Schinske-Sebolt K, Pitchiaya S, Chekhovskiy K, Chator A, Chaudhry N, Dosch J, Van Dort ME, Varambally S, Kumar-Sinha C, Nyati MK, Ray D, Walter NG, Yu H, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A. The kinase activity of the Ser/Thr kinase BUB1 promotes TGF-β signaling. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra1. [PMID: 25564677 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, which contributes to development and disease. Upon binding TGF-β, the type I receptor (TGFBRI) binds TGFBRII, leading to the activation of the transcription factors SMAD2 and SMAD3. Using an RNA interference screen of the human kinome and a live-cell reporter for TGFBR activity, we identified the kinase BUB1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles-1) as a key mediator of TGF-β signaling. BUB1 interacted with TGFBRI in the presence of TGF-β and promoted the heterodimerization of TGFBRI and TGFBRII. Additionally, BUB1 interacted with TGFBRII, suggesting the formation of a ternary complex. Knocking down BUB1 prevented the recruitment of SMAD3 to the receptor complex, the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 and their interaction with SMAD4, SMAD-dependent transcription, and TGF-β-mediated changes in cellular phenotype including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion. Knockdown of BUB1 also impaired noncanonical TGF-β signaling mediated by the kinases AKT and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). The ability of BUB1 to promote TGF-β signaling depended on the kinase activity of BUB1. A small-molecule inhibitor of the kinase activity of BUB1 (2OH-BNPP1) and a kinase-deficient mutant of BUB1 suppressed TGF-β signaling and formation of the ternary complex in various normal and cancer cell lines. 2OH-BNPP1 administration to mice bearing lung carcinoma xenografts reduced the amount of phosphorylated SMAD2 in tumor tissue. These findings indicated that BUB1 functions as a kinase in the TGF-β pathway in a role beyond its established function in cell cycle regulation and chromosome cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Nyati
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya
- Single Molecule Analysis in Real-Time (SMART) Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katerina Chekhovskiy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Areeb Chator
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nauman Chaudhry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joseph Dosch
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcian E Van Dort
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Chandan Kumar-Sinha
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mukesh Kumar Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nils G Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis in Real-Time (SMART) Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brian Dale Ross
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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49
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The effects of Gremlin1 on human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitors. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 54:103-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Abstract
In cancer dormancy, residual tumor cells persist in a patient with no apparent clinical symptoms, only to potentially become clinically relevant at a later date. In prostate cancer (PCa), the primary tumor is often removed and many patients experience a prolonged period (>5 years) with no evidence of disease before recurrence. These characteristics make PCa an excellent candidate for the study of tumor cell dormancy. However, the mechanisms that constitute PCa dormancy have not been clearly defined. Additionally, the definition of tumor cell dormancy varies in the literature. Therefore, we have separated tumor cell dormancy in this review into three categories: (a) micrometastatic dormancy--a group of tumor cells that cannot increase in number due to a restrictive proliferation/apoptosis equilibrium. (b) Angiogenic dormancy--a group of tumor cells that cannot expand beyond the formation of a micrometastasis due to a lack of angiogenic potential. (c) Conditional dormancy--an individual cell or a very small number of cells that cannot proliferate without the appropriate cues from the microenvironment, but do not require angiogenesis to do so. This review aims to identify currently known markers, mechanisms, and models of tumor dormancy, in particular as they relate to PCa, and highlight current opportunities for advancement in our understanding of clinical cancer dormancy.
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