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Liu X, Jones WD, Quesnel-Vallières M, Devadiga SA, Lorent K, Valvezan AJ, Myers RL, Li N, Lengner CJ, Barash Y, Pack M, Klein PS. The Tumor Suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (apc) Is Required for Neural Crest-Dependent Craniofacial Development in Zebrafish. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:29. [PMID: 37489330 PMCID: PMC10366761 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) is a unique vertebrate cell type arising from the border of the neural plate and epidermis that gives rise to diverse tissues along the entire body axis. Roberto Mayor and colleagues have made major contributions to our understanding of NC induction, delamination, and migration. We report that a truncating mutation of the classical tumor suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (apc) disrupts craniofacial development in zebrafish larvae, with a marked reduction in the cranial neural crest (CNC) cells that contribute to mandibular and hyoid pharyngeal arches. While the mechanism is not yet clear, the altered expression of signaling molecules that guide CNC migration could underlie this phenotype. For example, apcmcr/mcr larvae express substantially higher levels of complement c3, which Mayor and colleagues showed impairs CNC cell migration when overexpressed. However, we also observe reduction in stroma-derived factor 1 (sdf1/cxcl12), which is required for CNC migration into the head. Consistent with our previous work showing that APC directly enhances the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and, independently, that GSK-3 phosphorylates multiple core mRNA splicing factors, we identify 340 mRNA splicing variations in apc mutant zebrafish, including a splice variant that deletes a conserved domain in semaphorin 3f (sema3f), an axonal guidance molecule and a known regulator of CNC migration. Here, we discuss potential roles for apc in CNC development in the context of some of the seminal findings of Mayor and colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William D. Jones
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mathieu Quesnel-Vallières
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sudhish A. Devadiga
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristin Lorent
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander J. Valvezan
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Myers
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J. Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yoseph Barash
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Pack
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter S. Klein
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Gravholt CH, Viuff M, Just J, Sandahl K, Brun S, van der Velden J, Andersen NH, Skakkebaek A. The Changing Face of Turner Syndrome. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:33-69. [PMID: 35695701 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is a condition in females missing the second sex chromosome (45,X) or parts thereof. It is considered a rare genetic condition and is associated with a wide range of clinical stigmata, such as short stature, ovarian dysgenesis, delayed puberty and infertility, congenital malformations, endocrine disorders, including a range of autoimmune conditions and type 2 diabetes, and neurocognitive deficits. Morbidity and mortality are clearly increased compared with the general population and the average age at diagnosis is quite delayed. During recent years it has become clear that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary toward the patient with TS. A number of clinical advances has been implemented, and these are reviewed. Our understanding of the genomic architecture of TS is advancing rapidly, and these latest developments are reviewed and discussed. Several candidate genes, genomic pathways and mechanisms, including an altered transcriptome and epigenome, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus H Gravholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
| | - Mette Viuff
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
| | - Jesper Just
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
| | - Kristian Sandahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
| | - Sara Brun
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
| | - Janielle van der Velden
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Amalia Children's Hospital, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels H Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Anne Skakkebaek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
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Zong Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Yu Z, Ou Z, Chen J, Zhang H, Liu C. Induction of cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene through the JAK-STAT and NOTCH signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Reuter MS, Chaturvedi RR, Jobling RK, Pellecchia G, Hamdan O, Sung WW, Nalpathamkalam T, Attaluri P, Silversides CK, Wald RM, Marshall CR, Williams S, Keavney BD, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Scherer SW, Bassett AS. Clinical Genetic Risk Variants Inform a Functional Protein Interaction Network for Tetralogy of Fallot. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e003410. [PMID: 34328347 PMCID: PMC8373675 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)-the most common cyanotic heart defect in newborns-has evidence of multiple genetic contributing factors. Identifying variants that are clinically relevant is essential to understand patient-specific disease susceptibility and outcomes and could contribute to delineating pathomechanisms. METHODS Using a clinically driven strategy, we reanalyzed exome sequencing data from 811 probands with TOF, to identify rare loss-of-function and other likely pathogenic variants in genes associated with congenital heart disease. RESULTS We confirmed a major contribution of likely pathogenic variants in FLT4 (VEGFR3 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3]; n=14) and NOTCH1 (n=10) and identified 1 to 3 variants in each of 21 other genes, including ATRX, DLL4, EP300, GATA6, JAG1, NF1, PIK3CA, RAF1, RASA1, SMAD2, and TBX1. In addition, multiple loss-of-function variants provided support for 3 emerging congenital heart disease/TOF candidate genes: KDR (n=4), IQGAP1 (n=3), and GDF1 (n=8). In total, these variants were identified in 63 probands (7.8%). Using the 26 composite genes in a STRING protein interaction enrichment analysis revealed a biologically relevant network (P=3.3×10-16), with VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; KDR) and NOTCH1 (neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1) representing central nodes. Variants associated with arrhythmias/sudden death and heart failure indicated factors that could influence long-term outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The results are relevant to precision medicine for TOF. They suggest considerable clinical yield from genome-wide sequencing, with further evidence for KDR (VEGFR2) as a congenital heart disease/TOF gene and for VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and Notch signaling as mechanisms in human disease. Harnessing the genetic heterogeneity of single gene defects could inform etiopathogenesis and help prioritize novel candidate genes for TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S. Reuter
- CGEn, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Ctr for Applied Genomics, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajiv R. Chaturvedi
- Labatt Family Heart Ctr, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Fetal Ctr, Mt Sinai Hospital, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ted Rogers Ctr for Heart Rsrch, Cardiac Genome Clinic, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebekah K. Jobling
- Ted Rogers Ctr for Heart Rsrch, Cardiac Genome Clinic, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Genome Diagnostics, Dept of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Omar Hamdan
- The Ctr for Applied Genomics, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wilson W.L. Sung
- The Ctr for Applied Genomics, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Pratyusha Attaluri
- Medical Genomics Program, Dept of Molecular Genetics, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Candice K. Silversides
- Division of Cardiology, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Ctr for Adults at the Peter Munk Cardiac Ctr, Dept of Medicine, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel M. Wald
- Labatt Family Heart Ctr, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Ctr for Adults at the Peter Munk Cardiac Ctr, Dept of Medicine, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- The Ctr for Applied Genomics, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Genome Diagnostics, Dept of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The Univ of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Univ NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Ctr, Manchester, UK
| | - Bernard D. Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The Univ of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Univ NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Ctr, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Ctr for Applied Genomics, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dept of Molecular Genetics, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Ctr, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne S. Bassett
- Division of Cardiology, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Ctr for Adults at the Peter Munk Cardiac Ctr, Dept of Medicine, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Ctr for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Dept of Psychiatry & Toronto General Rsrch Inst, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dept of Psychiatry, Univ of Toronto, Univ Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Jiang X, Li T, Li B, Wei W, Li F, Chen S, Xu R, Sun K. SOX7 suppresses endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitions by enhancing VE-cadherin expression during outflow tract development. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:829-846. [PMID: 33720353 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a critical process that occurs during the development of the outflow tract (OFT). Malformations of the OFT can lead to the occurrence of conotruncal defect (CTD). SOX7 duplication has been reported in patients with congenital CTD, but its specific role in OFT development remains poorly understood. To decipher this, histological analysis showed that SRY-related HMG-box 7 (SOX7) was regionally expressed in the endocardial endothelial cells and in the mesenchymal cells of the OFT, where EndMT occurs. Experiments, using in vitro collagen gel culture system, revealed that SOX7 was a negative regulator of EndMT that inhibited endocardial cell (EC) migration and resulted in decreased number of mesenchymal cells. Forced expression of SOX7 in endothelial cells blocked further migration and improved the expression of the adhesion protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin (VE-cadherin). Moreover, a VE-cadherin knockdown could partly reverse the SOX7-mediated repression of cell migration. Luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that SOX7 up-regulated VE-cadherin by directly binding to the gene's promoter in endothelial cells. The coding exons and splicing regions of the SOX7 gene were also scanned in the 536 sporadic CTD patients and in 300 unaffected controls, which revealed four heterozygous SOX7 mutations. Luciferase assays revealed that two SOX7 variants weakened the transactivation of the VE-cadherin promoter. In conclusion, SOX7 inhibited EndMT during OFT development by directly up-regulating the endothelial-specific adhesion molecule VE-cadherin. SOX7 mutations can lead to impaired EndMT by regulating VE-cadherin, which may give rise to the molecular mechanisms associated with SOX7 in CTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bojian Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rang Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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6
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Fernández B, Soto-Navarrete MT, López-García A, López-Unzu MÁ, Durán AC, Fernández MC. Bicuspid Aortic Valve in 2 Model Species and Review of the Literature. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:321-331. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985819900018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common human congenital cardiac malformation. Although the etiology is unknown for most patients, formation of the 2 main BAV anatomic types (A and B) has been shown to rely on distinct morphogenetic mechanisms. Animal models of BAV include 2 spontaneous hamster strains and 27 genetically modified mouse strains. To assess the value of these models for extrapolation to humans, we examined the aortic valve anatomy of 4340 hamsters and 1823 mice from 8 and 7 unmodified strains, respectively. In addition, we reviewed the literature describing BAV in nonhuman mammals. The incidences of BAV types A and B were 2.3% and 0.03% in control hamsters and 0% and 0.3% in control mice, respectively. Hamsters from the spontaneous model had BAV type A only, whereas mice from 2 of 27 genetically modified strains had BAV type A, 23 of 27 had BAV type B, and 2 of 27 had both BAV types. In both species, BAV incidence was dependent on genetic background. Unlike mice, hamsters had a wide spectrum of aortic valve morphologies. We showed interspecific differences in the occurrence of BAV between humans, hamsters, and mice that should be considered when studying aortic valve disease using animal models. Our results suggest that genetic modifiers play a significant role in both the morphology and incidence of BAV. We propose that mutations causing anomalies in specific cardiac morphogenetic processes or cell lineages may lead to BAV types A, B, or both, depending on additional genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Teresa Soto-Navarrete
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-García
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel López-Unzu
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Carmen Durán
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
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Ng CL, Qian Y, Schulz C. Notch and Delta are required for survival of the germline stem cell lineage in testes of Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222471. [PMID: 31513679 PMCID: PMC6742463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In all metazoan species, sperm is produced from germline stem cells. These self-renew and produce daughter cells that amplify and differentiate dependent on interactions with somatic support cells. In the male gonad of Drosophila melanogaster, the germline and somatic cyst cells co-differentiate as cysts, an arrangement in which the germline is completely enclosed by cytoplasmic extensions from the cyst cells. Notch is a developmentally relevant receptor in a pathway requiring immediate proximity with the signal sending cell. Here, we show that Notch is expressed in the cyst cells of wild-type testes. Notch becomes activated in the transition zone, an apical area of the testes in which the cyst cells express stage-specific transcription factors and the enclosed germline finalizes transit-amplifying divisions. Reducing the ligand Delta from the germline cells via RNA-Interference or reducing the receptor Notch from the cyst cells via CRISPR resulted in cell death concomitant with loss of germline cells from the transition zone. This shows that Notch signaling is essential for the survival of the germline stem cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun L. Ng
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yue Qian
- University of North Georgia, Department of Biology, Oakwood, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cordula Schulz
- University of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Torregrosa-Carrión R, Luna-Zurita L, García-Marqués F, D'Amato G, Piñeiro-Sabarís R, Bonzón-Kulichenko E, Vázquez J, de la Pompa JL. NOTCH Activation Promotes Valve Formation by Regulating the Endocardial Secretome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1782-1795. [PMID: 31249105 PMCID: PMC6731085 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocardium is a specialized endothelium that lines the inner surface of the heart. Functional studies in mice and zebrafish have established that the endocardium is a source of instructive signals for the development of cardiac structures, including the heart valves and chambers. Here, we characterized the NOTCH-dependent endocardial secretome by manipulating NOTCH activity in mouse embryonic endocardial cells (MEEC) followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We profiled different sets of soluble factors whose secretion not only responds to NOTCH activation but also shows differential ligand specificity, suggesting that ligand-specific inputs may regulate the expression of secreted proteins involved in different cardiac development processes. NOTCH signaling activation correlates with a transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2)-rich secretome and the delivery of paracrine signals involved in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling. In contrast, NOTCH inhibition is accompanied by the up-regulation of specific semaphorins that may modulate cell migration. The secretome protein expression data showed a good correlation with gene profiling of RNA expression in embryonic endocardial cells. Additional characterization by in situ hybridization in mouse embryos revealed expression of various NOTCH candidate effector genes (Tgfβ2, Loxl2, Ptx3, Timp3, Fbln2, and Dcn) in heart valve endocardium and/or mesenchyme. Validating these results, mice with conditional Dll4 or Jag1 loss-of-function mutations showed gene expression alterations similar to those observed at the protein level in vitro These results provide the first description of the NOTCH-dependent endocardial secretome and validate MEEC as a tool for assaying the endocardial secretome response to a variety of stimuli and the potential use of this system for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Torregrosa-Carrión
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Luis Luna-Zurita
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | | | - Gaetano D'Amato
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; ‖Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Rebeca Piñeiro-Sabarís
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Elena Bonzón-Kulichenko
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; **Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; **Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN.
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9
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Inman KE, Caiaffa CD, Melton KR, Sandell LL, Achilleos A, Kume T, Trainor PA. Foxc2 is required for proper cardiac neural crest cell migration, outflow tract septation, and ventricle expansion. Dev Dyn 2019; 247:1286-1296. [PMID: 30376688 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper development of the great vessels of the heart and septation of the cardiac outflow tract requires cardiac neural crest cells. These cells give rise to the parasympathetic cardiac ganglia, the smooth muscle layer of the great vessels, some cardiomyocytes, and the conotruncal cushions and aorticopulmonary septum of the outflow tract. Ablation of cardiac neural crest cells results in defective patterning of each of these structures. Previous studies have shown that targeted deletion of the forkhead transcription factor C2 (Foxc2), results in cardiac phenotypes similar to that derived from cardiac neural crest cell ablation. RESULTS We report that Foxc2-/- embryos on the 129s6/SvEv inbred genetic background display persistent truncus arteriosus and hypoplastic ventricles before embryonic lethality. Foxc2 loss-of-function resulted in perturbed cardiac neural crest cell migration and their reduced contribution to the outflow tract as evidenced by lineage tracing analyses together with perturbed expression of the neural crest cell markers Sox10 and Crabp1. Foxc2 loss-of-function also resulted in alterations in PlexinD1, Twist1, PECAM1, and Hand1/2 expression in association with vascular and ventricular defects. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate Foxc2 is required for proper migration of cardiac neural crest cells, septation of the outflow tract, and development of the ventricles. Developmental Dynamics 247:1286-1296, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Inman
- Department of Natural Sciences, Shawnee State University, Portsmouth, Ohio
| | | | - Kristin R Melton
- Section of Neonatology, Pulmonary and Perinatal Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa L Sandell
- Department of Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Annita Achilleos
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
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10
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Liu J, Cheng H, Xiang M, Zhou L, Wu B, Moskowitz IP, Zhang K, Xie L. Gata4 regulates hedgehog signaling and Gata6 expression for outflow tract development. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007711. [PMID: 31120883 PMCID: PMC6550424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations of Gata4, an essential cardiogenic transcription factor (TF), were known to cause outflow tract (OFT) defects in both human and mouse, but the underlying molecular mechanism was not clear. In this study, Gata4 haploinsufficiency in mice was found to result in OFT defects including double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and ventricular septum defects (VSDs). Gata4 was shown to be required for Hedgehog (Hh)-receiving progenitors within the second heart field (SHF) for normal OFT alignment. Restored cell proliferation in the SHF by knocking-down Pten failed to rescue OFT defects, suggesting that additional cell events under Gata4 regulation is important. SHF Hh-receiving cells failed to migrate properly into the proximal OFT cushion, which is associated with abnormal EMT and cell proliferation in Gata4 haploinsufficiency. The genetic interaction of Hh signaling and Gata4 is further demonstrated to be important for OFT development. Gata4 and Smo double heterozygotes displayed more severe OFT abnormalities including persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA). Restoration of Hedgehog signaling renormalized SHF cell proliferation and migration, and rescued OFT defects in Gata4 haploinsufficiency. In addition, there was enhanced Gata6 expression in the SHF of the Gata4 heterozygotes. The Gata4-responsive repressive sites were identified within 1kbp upstream of the transcription start site of Gata6 by both ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assay. These results suggested a SHF regulatory network comprising of Gata4, Gata6 and Hh-signaling for OFT development. Gata4 is an important transcription factor that regulates the development of the heart. Human possessing a single copy of Gata4 mutation display congenital heart defects (CHD), including double outlet right ventricle (DORV). DORV is an alignment problem in which both the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery originate from the right ventricle, instead of originating from the left and the right ventricles, respectively. In this study, a Gata4 mutant mouse model was used to study how Gata4 mutations cause DORV. We showed that Gata4 is required in the cardiac precursor cells for the normal alignment of the great arteries. Although Gata4 mutations inhibit the rapid increase in the cardiac precursor cell numbers, resolving this problem does not recover the normal alignment of the great arteries. It indicates that there is a migratory issue of the cardiac precursor cells as they navigate to the great arteries during development. The study further showed that a specific molecular signaling, Hh-signaling and Gata6 are responsible to the Gata4 action in the cardiac precursor cells. Importantly, over-activation of the Hh-signaling pathways rescues the DORV in the Gata4 mutant embryos. This study provides a molecular model to explain the ontogeny of a subtype of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Henghui Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Menglan Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Lun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Ivan P. Moskowitz
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wu B, Wang Y, Xiao F, Butcher JT, Yutzey KE, Zhou B. Developmental Mechanisms of Aortic Valve Malformation and Disease. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:21-41. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingruo Wu
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
| | - Yidong Wang
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
| | - Feng Xiao
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Jonathan T. Butcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Katherine E. Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229;
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China
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Luxán G, D'Amato G, MacGrogan D, de la Pompa JL. Endocardial Notch Signaling in Cardiac Development and Disease. Circ Res 2015; 118:e1-e18. [PMID: 26635389 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.305350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an ancient and highly conserved signaling pathway that controls cell fate specification and tissue patterning in the embryo and in the adult. Region-specific endocardial Notch activity regulates heart morphogenesis through the interaction with multiple myocardial-, epicardial-, and neural crest-derived signals. Mutations in NOTCH signaling elements cause congenital heart disease in humans and mice, demonstrating its essential role in cardiac development. Studies in model systems have provided mechanistic understanding of Notch function in cardiac development, congenital heart disease, and heart regeneration. Notch patterns the embryonic endocardium into prospective territories for valve and chamber formation, and later regulates the signaling processes leading to outflow tract and valve morphogenesis and ventricular trabeculae compaction. Alterations in NOTCH signaling in the endocardium result in congenital structural malformations that can lead to disease in the neonate and adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Luxán
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascular (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain (G.L., G.D'A., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.); and Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (G.L.)
| | - Gaetano D'Amato
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascular (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain (G.L., G.D'A., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.); and Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (G.L.)
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascular (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain (G.L., G.D'A., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.); and Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (G.L.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascular (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain (G.L., G.D'A., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.); and Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (G.L.).
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Martin PS, Kloesel B, Norris RA, Lindsay M, Milan D, Body SC. Embryonic Development of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2015; 2:248-272. [PMID: 28529942 PMCID: PMC5438177 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd2040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital valvular heart defect with an overall frequency of 0.5%–1.2%. BAVs result from abnormal aortic cusp formation during valvulogenesis, whereby adjacent cusps fuse into a single large cusp resulting in two, instead of the normal three, aortic cusps. Individuals with BAV are at increased risk for ascending aortic disease, aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta. The frequent occurrence of BAV and its anatomically discrete but frequent co-existing diseases leads us to suspect a common cellular origin. Although autosomal-dominant transmission of BAV has been observed in a few pedigrees, notably involving the gene NOTCH1, no single-gene model clearly explains BAV inheritance, implying a complex genetic model involving interacting genes. Several sequencing studies in patients with BAV have identified rare and uncommon mutations in genes of cardiac embryogenesis. But the extensive cell-cell signaling and multiple cellular origins involved in cardiac embryogenesis preclude simplistic explanations of this disease. In this review, we examine the series of events from cellular and transcriptional embryogenesis of the heart, to development of the aortic valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Th724, Boston, MA 02115, USA; E-Mails: (P.S.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Benjamin Kloesel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Th724, Boston, MA 02115, USA; E-Mails: (P.S.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Russell A. Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley St, Charleston, SC 29403, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Mark Lindsay
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Richard B. Simches Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; E-Mails: (M.L.); (D.M.)
| | - David Milan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Richard B. Simches Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; E-Mails: (M.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Simon C. Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Th724, Boston, MA 02115, USA; E-Mails: (P.S.M.); (B.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-617-732-7330; Fax: +1-617-730-2813
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14
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Gude N, Joyo E, Toko H, Quijada P, Villanueva M, Hariharan N, Sacchi V, Truffa S, Joyo A, Voelkers M, Alvarez R, Sussman MA. Notch activation enhances lineage commitment and protective signaling in cardiac progenitor cells. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:29. [PMID: 25893875 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phase I clinical trials applying autologous progenitor cells to treat heart failure have yielded promising results; however, improvement in function is modest, indicating a need to enhance cardiac stem cell reparative capacity. Notch signaling plays a crucial role in cardiac development, guiding cell fate decisions that underlie myocyte and vessel differentiation. The Notch pathway is retained in the adult cardiac stem cell niche, where level and duration of Notch signal influence proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitors. In this study, Notch signaling promotes growth, survival and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells into smooth muscle lineages in vitro. Cardiac progenitor cells expressing tamoxifen-regulated intracellular Notch1 (CPCeK) are significantly larger and proliferate more slowly than control cells, exhibit elevated mTORC1 and Akt signaling, and are resistant to oxidative stress. Vascular smooth muscle and cardiomyocyte markers increase in CPCeK and are augmented further upon ligand-mediated induction of Notch signal. Paracrine signals indicative of growth, survival and differentiation increase with Notch activity, while markers of senescence are decreased. Adoptive transfer of CPCeK into infarcted mouse myocardium enhances preservation of cardiac function and reduces infarct size relative to hearts receiving control cells. Greater capillary density and proportion of vascular smooth muscle tissue in CPCeK-treated hearts indicate improved vascularization. Finally, we report a previously undescribed signaling mechanism whereby Notch activation stimulates CPC growth, survival and differentiation via mTORC1 and paracrine factor expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that regulated Notch activation potentiates the reparative capacity of CPCs in the treatment of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gude
- Heart Institute, and Biology Department, SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Life Sciences North, Room 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
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15
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Maternal and zygotic Zfp57 modulate NOTCH signaling in cardiac development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2020-9. [PMID: 25848000 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1415541112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zfp57 is a maternal-zygotic effect gene that maintains genomic imprinting. Here we report that Zfp57 mutants exhibited a variety of cardiac defects including atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), thin myocardium, and reduced trabeculation. Zfp57 maternal-zygotic mutant embryos displayed more severe phenotypes with higher penetrance than the zygotic ones. Cardiac progenitor cells exhibited proliferation and differentiation defects in Zfp57 mutants. ZFP57 is a master regulator of genomic imprinting, so the DNA methylation imprint was lost in embryonic heart without ZFP57. Interestingly, the presence of imprinted DLK1, a target of ZFP57, correlated with NOTCH1 activation in cardiac cells. These results suggest that ZFP57 may modulate NOTCH signaling during cardiac development. Indeed, loss of ZFP57 caused loss of NOTCH1 activation in embryonic heart with more severe loss observed in the maternal-zygotic mutant. Maternal and zygotic functions of Zfp57 appear to play redundant roles in NOTCH1 activation and cardiomyocyte differentiation. This serves as an example of a maternal effect that can influence mammalian organ development. It also links genomic imprinting to NOTCH signaling and particular developmental functions.
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16
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Koenig SN, Bosse KM, Nadorlik HA, Lilly B, Garg V. Evidence of Aortopathy in Mice with Haploinsufficiency of Notch1 in Nos3-Null Background. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2015; 2:17-30. [PMID: 25914885 PMCID: PMC4407710 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd2010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. While the exact etiology is unknown, genetic factors play an important role. Mutations in NOTCH1 have been linked to bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and aortopathy in humans. The aim of this study was to determine if haploinsufficiency of Notch1 contributes to aortopathy using Notch1+/−; Nos3−/− mice. Echocardiographic analysis of Notch1+/−; Nos3−/− mice reveals effacement of the sinotubular junction and a trend toward dilation of the aortic sinus. Furthermore, examination of the proximal aorta of Notch1+/−; Nos3−/− mice reveals elastic fiber degradation, a trend toward increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression, and increased smooth muscle cell apoptosis, features characteristic of aneurysmal disease. Although at a lower penetrance, we also found features consistent with aortopathic changes in Notch1 heterozygote mice and in Nos3-null mice. Our findings implicate a novel role for Notch1 in aortopathy of the proximal aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N. Koenig
- The Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; E-Mails: (S.N.K.); (K.M.B.); (H.A.N.); (B.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Kevin M. Bosse
- The Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; E-Mails: (S.N.K.); (K.M.B.); (H.A.N.); (B.L.)
| | - Holly A. Nadorlik
- The Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; E-Mails: (S.N.K.); (K.M.B.); (H.A.N.); (B.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brenda Lilly
- The Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; E-Mails: (S.N.K.); (K.M.B.); (H.A.N.); (B.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- The Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; E-Mails: (S.N.K.); (K.M.B.); (H.A.N.); (B.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-614-355-5740; Fax: +1-614-355-5725
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A review of: Application of synthetic scaffold in tissue engineering heart valves. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 48:556-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ren K, Yuan J, Yang M, Gao X, Ding X, Zhou J, Hu X, Cao J, Deng X, Xiang S, Zhang J. KCTD10 is involved in the cardiovascular system and Notch signaling during early embryonic development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112275. [PMID: 25401743 PMCID: PMC4234411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a member of the polymerase delta-interacting protein 1 (PDIP1) gene family, potassium channel tetramerisation domain-containing 10 (KCTD10) interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and polymerase δ, participates in DNA repair, DNA replication and cell-cycle control. In order to further investigate the physiological functions of KCTD10, we generated the KCTD10 knockout mice. The heterozygous KCTD10+/− mice were viable and fertile, while the homozygous KCTD10−/− mice showed delayed growth from E9.0, and died at approximately E10.5, which displayed severe defects in angiogenesis and heart development. Further study showed that VEGF induced the expression of KCTD10 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting results revealed that several key members in Notch signaling were up-regulated either in KCTD10-deficient embryos or in KCTD10-silenced HUVECs. Meanwhile, the endogenous immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis showed that KCTD10 interacted with Cullin3 and Notch1 simultaneously, by which mediating Notch1 proteolytic degradation. Our studies suggest that KCTD10 plays crucial roles in embryonic angiogenesis and heart development in mammalians by negatively regulating the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Manjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SX); (JZ)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SX); (JZ)
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Zhou J, Dong X, Zhou Q, Wang H, Qian Y, Tian W, Ma D, Li X. microRNA expression profiling of heart tissue during fetal development. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1250-60. [PMID: 24604530 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are important both in early cardiogenesis and in the process of heart maturation. The aim of this study was to determine the stage-specific expression of miRNAs in human fetal heart in order to identify valuable targets for further study of heart defects. Affymetrix microarrays were used to obtain miRNA expression profiles from human fetal heart tissue at 5, 7, 9 and 23 weeks of gestation. To identify differentially expressed miRNAs at each time-point, linear regression analysis by the R limma algorithm was employed. Hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted with Cluster 3.0 software. Gene Ontology analysis was carried out for miRNAs from different clusters. Commonalities in miRNA families and genomic localization were identified, and the differential expression of selected miRNAs from different clusters was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A total of 703 miRNAs were expressed in human fetal heart. Of these, 288 differentially expressed miRNAs represented 5 clusters with different expression trends. Several clustered miRNAs also shared classification within miRNA families or proximal genomic localization. qPCR confirmed the expression patterns of selected miRNAs. miRNAs within the 5 clusters were predicted to target genes vital for heart development and to be involved in cellular signaling pathways that affect heart structure formation and heart-associated cellular events. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first miRNA expression profiling study of human fetal heart tissue. The stage-specific expression of specific miRNAs suggests potential roles at distinct time-points during fetal heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizi Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiongjie Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Vincentz JW, Firulli BA, Lin A, Spicer DB, Howard MJ, Firulli AB. Twist1 controls a cell-specification switch governing cell fate decisions within the cardiac neural crest. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003405. [PMID: 23555309 PMCID: PMC3605159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells are multipotent progenitor cells that can generate both ectodermal cell types, such as neurons, and mesodermal cell types, such as smooth muscle. The mechanisms controlling this cell fate choice are not known. The basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor Twist1 is expressed throughout the migratory and post-migratory cardiac neural crest. Twist1 ablation or mutation of the Twist-box causes differentiation of ectopic neuronal cells, which molecularly resemble sympathetic ganglia, in the cardiac outflow tract. Twist1 interacts with the pro-neural factor Sox10 via its Twist-box domain and binds to the Phox2b promoter to repress transcriptional activity. Mesodermal cardiac neural crest trans-differentiation into ectodermal sympathetic ganglia-like neurons is dependent upon Phox2b function. Ectopic Twist1 expression in neural crest precursors disrupts sympathetic neurogenesis. These data demonstrate that Twist1 functions in post-migratory neural crest cells to repress pro-neural factors and thereby regulate cell fate determination between ectodermal and mesodermal lineages. During vertebrate development, a unique population of cells, termed neural crest cells, migrates throughout the developing embryo, generating various cell types, for example, the smooth muscle that divides the aorta and pulmonary artery where they connect to the heart, and the autonomic neurons, which coordinate organ function. The distinctions between neural crest cells that will form smooth muscle and those that will become neurons are thought to occur prior to migration. Here, we show that, in mice with mutations of the transcription factor Twist1, a subpopulation of presumptive smooth muscle cells, following migration to the heart, instead mis-specify to resemble autonomic neurons. Twist1 represses transcription of the pro-neural factor Phox2b both through antagonism of its upstream effector, Sox10, and through direct binding to its promoter. Phox2b is absolutely required for autonomic neuron development, and indeed, the aberrant neurons in Twist1 mutants disappear when Phox2b is also mutated. Ectopic Twist1 expression within all neural crest cells disrupts the specification of normal autonomic neurons. Collectively, these data reveal that neural crest cells can alter their cell fate from mesoderm to ectoderm after they have migrated and that Twist1 functions to maintain neural crest cell potency during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Vincentz
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatrics Cardiology, Departments of Anatomy, Indiana University Medical School, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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Neeb Z, Lajiness JD, Bolanis E, Conway SJ. Cardiac outflow tract anomalies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 2:499-530. [PMID: 24014420 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mature outflow tract (OFT) is, in basic terms, a short conduit. It is a simple, although vital, connection situated between contracting muscular heart chambers and a vast embryonic vascular network. Unfortunately, it is also a focal point underlying many multifactorial congenital heart defects (CHDs). Through the use of various animal models combined with human genetic investigations, we are beginning to comprehend the molecular and cellular framework that controls OFT morphogenesis. Clear roles of neural crest cells (NCC) and second heart field (SHF) derivatives have been established during OFT formation and remodeling. The challenge now is to determine how the SHF and cardiac NCC interact, the complex reciprocal signaling that appears to be occurring at various stages of OFT morphogenesis, and finally how endocardial progenitors and primary heart field (PHF) communicate with both these colonizing extra-cardiac lineages. Although we are beginning to understand that this dance of progenitor populations is wonderfully intricate, the underlying pathogenesis and the spatiotemporal cell lineage interactions remain to be fully elucidated. What is now clear is that OFT alignment and septation are independent processes, invested via separate SHF and cardiac neural crest (CNC) lineages. This review will focus on our current understanding of the respective contributions of the SHF and CNC lineage during OFT development and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Neeb
- Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine Program, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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22
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Wu M, Li Y, He X, Shao X, Yang F, Zhao M, Wu C, Zhang C, Zhou L. Mutational and functional analysis of the BVES gene coding region in Chinese patients with non-syndromic tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:899-903. [PMID: 23403794 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a common congenital heart defect (CHD). However, the genetic causes are largely unknown. Blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) is postulated to play a role in embryonic development, and we previously found that the expression of BVES is upregulation in patients with congenital septal defect and that BVES participates in cardiocyte differentiation. We hypothesized that BVES is a candidate gene of TOF. In the present study, the entire coding sequence and splice junctions of BVES were sequenced in 114 unrelated patients with TOF and 400 unrelated healthy individuals used as controls. The functional effects of the exon mutant BVES were characterized in contrast to its wild-type counterpart using a luciferase reporter assay system. Four novel BVES mutations (c.166T>C, c.909C>T, c.540-80C>T, c.958+30A>G) were identified in patients with TOF but not in the 400 controls. Functional analysis indicated that the c.166T>C mutation of BVES was associated with an increased transcriptional activity. This finding suggests that BVES as a novel TOF gene may provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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23
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Porazzi P, Marelli F, Benato F, de Filippis T, Calebiro D, Argenton F, Tiso N, Persani L. Disruptions of global and JAGGED1-mediated notch signaling affect thyroid morphogenesis in the zebrafish. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5645-58. [PMID: 23008514 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the early steps of thyroid development are largely unknown. In search for novel candidate genes implicated in thyroid function, we performed a gene expression analysis on thyroid cells revealing that TSH regulates the expression of several elements of the Notch pathway, including the ligand Jagged1. Because the Notch pathway is involved in cell-fate determination of several foregut-derived endocrine tissues, we tested its contribution in thyroid development using the zebrafish, a teleost model recapitulating the mammalian molecular events during thyroid development. Perturbing the Notch signaling (e.g. mib mutants, γ-secretase inhibition, or Notch intracellular domain overexpression), we obtained evidence that this pathway has a biological role during the earlier phases of thyroid primordium induction, limiting the number of cells that proceed to a specialized fate and probably involving actions from surrounding tissues. Moreover, we were able to confirm the expression of Jagged1 during different phases of zebrafish thyroid development, as well as in mouse and human thyroid tissues. The two orthologues to the single jagged1 gene (JAG1) in humans, jag1a and jag1b, are expressed with different spatiotemporal patterns in the developing zebrafish thyroid. Both jag1a and jag1b morphants, as well as jag1b mutant fish line, display thyroid hypoplasia and impaired T(4) production; this thyroid phenotype was rescued by coinjection of human JAG1 mRNA. In conclusion, Notch pathway is involved in the early steps of thyroid morphogenesis, and Jagged1-Notch signal is required for zebrafish thyroid development and function. Thus, genetic alterations affecting the Notch pathway may confer susceptibility for thyroid dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Porazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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van den Akker NMS, Caolo V, Molin DGM. Cellular decisions in cardiac outflow tract and coronary development: an act by VEGF and NOTCH. Differentiation 2012; 84:62-78. [PMID: 22683047 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Congenital cardiac abnormalities are, due to their relatively high frequency and severe impact on quality of life, an important focus in cardiovascular research. Recently, various human studies have revealed a high coincidence of VEGF and NOTCH polymorphisms with cardiovascular outflow tract anomalies, such as bicuspid aortic valves and Tetralogy of Fallot, next to predisposition for cardiovascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis and aortic valve calcification. This genetic association between VEGF/NOTCH mutations and congenital cardiovascular defects in humans has been supported by substantial proof from animal models, revealing interaction of both pathways in cellular processes that are crucial for cardiac development. This review focuses on the role of VEGF and NOTCH signaling and their interplay in cardiogenesis with special interest to coronary and outflow tract development. An overview of the association between congenital malformations and VEGF/NOTCH polymorphisms in humans will be discussed along with their potential mechanisms and processes as revealed by transgenic mouse models. The molecular and cellular interaction of VEGF and subsequent Notch-signaling in these processes will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke M S van den Akker
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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25
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de la Pompa JL, Epstein JA. Coordinating tissue interactions: Notch signaling in cardiac development and disease. Dev Cell 2012; 22:244-54. [PMID: 22340493 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is a crucial cell-fate regulator in the developing heart. Attention in the past centered on Notch function in cardiomyocytes. However, recent advances demonstrate that region-specific endocardial Notch activity orchestrates the patterning and morphogenesis of cardiac chambers and valves through regulatory interaction with multiple myocardial and neural crest signals. Notch also regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation during ventricular chamber development and is required for coronary vessel specification. Here, we review these data and highlight disease connections, including evidence that Notch-Hey-Bmp2 interplay impacts adult heart valve disease and that Notch contributes to cardiac arrhythmia and pre-excitation syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis de la Pompa
- Program of Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Gude N, Sussman M. Notch signaling and cardiac repair. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 52:1226-32. [PMID: 22465038 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is critical for proper heart development and recently has been reported to participate in adult cardiac repair. Notch resides at the cell surface as a single pass transmembrane receptor, transits through the cytoplasm following activation, and acts as a transcription factor upon entering the nucleus. This dynamic and widespread cellular distribution allows for potential interactions with many signaling and binding partners. Notch displays temporal as well as spatial versatility, acting as a strong developmental signal, controlling cell fate determination and lineage commitment, and playing a pivotal role in embryonic and adult stem cell proliferation and differentiation. This review serves as an update of recent literature addressing Notch signaling in the heart, with attention to findings from noncardiac research that provide clues for further interpretation of how the Notch pathway influences cardiac biology. Specific areas of focus include Notch signaling in adult myocardium following pathologic injury, the role of Notch in cardiac progenitor cells with respect to differentiation and cardiac repair, crosstalk between Notch and other cardiac signaling pathways, and emerging aspects of noncanonical Notch signaling in heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gude
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Le TT, Conley KW, Mead TJ, Rowan S, Yutzey KE, Brown NL. Requirements for Jag1-Rbpj mediated Notch signaling during early mouse lens development. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:493-504. [PMID: 22275127 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During vertebrate lens development, the lens placode in the embryonic ectoderm invaginates into a lens vesicle, which then separates from the surface epithelium, followed by two waves of fiber cell differentiation. In the mouse, multiple labs have shown that Jag1-Notch signaling is critically required during the second wave of lens fiber cell formation. However, Notch signaling appears to play no obvious role during lens induction or morphogenesis, although multiple pathway genes are expressed at these earlier stages. RESULTS Here, we explored functions for Notch signaling specifically during early lens development, by using the early-acting AP2α-Cre driver to delete Jag1 or Rbpj. We found that Jag1 and Rbpj are not required during lens induction, but are necessary for proper lens vesicle separation from the surface ectoderm. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that precise levels of Notch signaling are essential during lens vesicle morphogenesis. In addition, AP2α-Cre-mediated deletion of Rbpj resulted in embryos with cardiac outflow tract and liver deformities, and perinatal lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien T Le
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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28
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Andersson ER, Sandberg R, Lendahl U. Notch signaling: simplicity in design, versatility in function. Development 2011; 138:3593-612. [PMID: 21828089 DOI: 10.1242/dev.063610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is evolutionarily conserved and operates in many cell types and at various stages during development. Notch signaling must therefore be able to generate appropriate signaling outputs in a variety of cellular contexts. This need for versatility in Notch signaling is in apparent contrast to the simple molecular design of the core pathway. Here, we review recent studies in nematodes, Drosophila and vertebrate systems that begin to shed light on how versatility in Notch signaling output is generated, how signal strength is modulated, and how cross-talk between the Notch pathway and other intracellular signaling systems, such as the Wnt, hypoxia and BMP pathways, contributes to signaling diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Singh N, Trivedi CM, Lu M, Mullican SE, Lazar MA, Epstein JA. Histone deacetylase 3 regulates smooth muscle differentiation in neural crest cells and development of the cardiac outflow tract. Circ Res 2011; 109:1240-9. [PMID: 21959220 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.255067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The development of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) and great vessels is a complex process that involves coordinated regulation of multiple progenitor cell populations. Among these populations, neural crest cells make important contributions to OFT formation and aortic arch remodeling. Although numerous signaling pathways, including Notch, have been implicated in this process, the role of epigenetics in OFT development remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE Because histone deacetylases (Hdacs) play important roles in the epigenetic regulation of mammalian development, we have investigated the function of Hdac3, a class I Hdac, during cardiac neural crest development in mouse. METHODS AND RESULTS Using 2 neural crest drivers, Wnt1-Cre and Pax3(Cre), we show that loss of Hdac3 in neural crest results in perinatal lethality and cardiovascular abnormalities, including interrupted aortic arch type B, aortic arch hypoplasia, double-outlet right ventricle, and ventricular septal defect. Affected embryos are deficient in aortic arch artery smooth muscle during midgestation, despite intact neural crest cell migration and preserved development of other cardiac and truncal neural crest derivatives. The Hdac3-dependent block in smooth muscle differentiation is cell autonomous and is associated with downregulation of the Notch ligand Jagged1, a key driver of smooth muscle differentiation in the aortic arch arteries. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Hdac3 plays a critical and specific regulatory role in the neural crest-derived smooth muscle lineage and in formation of the OFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Singh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, the Cardiovascular Institute, Pereleman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
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30
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Schoen FJ. Mechanisms of function and disease of natural and replacement heart valves. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2011; 7:161-83. [PMID: 21942526 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, there has been substantial progress toward understanding the mechanisms of heart valve function and dysfunction. This review summarizes an evolving conceptual framework of heart valve functional structure, developmental biology, and pathobiology and explores the implications of key insights. I emphasize: (a) valve cell and extracellular matrix biology and the impact of biomechanical factors on function, homeostasis, environmental adaptation, and key pathological processes; (b) the role of developmental processes, valvular cell behavior, and extracellular matrix remodeling in congenital and acquired valve abnormalities; and (c) the cell/matrix biology of degeneration in replacement tissue valves. I also summarize how these considerations may ultimately inform the potential for prevention and treatment of major diseases and potentially therapeutic regeneration of the cardiac valves. Recent advances and opportunities for research and clinical translation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick J Schoen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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31
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Kola S, Koneti NR, Golla JP, Akka J, Gundimeda SD, Mundluru HP. Mutational analysis of JAG1 gene in non-syndromic tetralogy of Fallot children. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:2232-6. [PMID: 21893051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND JAG1 is an evolutionarily conserved ligand for Notch receptor and functions in the cell fate decisions, cell-cell interactions throughout the development of heart especially right heart development. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is essentially a right sided heart disease with characteristic features of ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, aortic dextroposition and right ventricular hypertrophy. Hence, the present study was investigated to identify mutations of JAG1 gene in an Indian cohort of patients with TOF. METHODS The clinical data and blood samples from 84 unrelated subjects with TOF were collected and evaluated in comparison with 87 healthy individuals. PCR based single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and subsequent bidirectional DNA sequencing of conformers was carried in the exon 6 of JAG1 gene. RESULTS The DNA sequences aligned with NCBI-BLAST led to the identification of four novel variations including one nonsense 765 C>A, two missense 814 G>T, 834 G>T; and one silent alteration 816 G>T in TOF patients. The protein structure of JAG1 predicts that these variations effect first and second epidermal growth factor like repeat and might disturb ligand-receptor binding ability. The presence of similar variations was not observed in healthy controls. The software CLUSTAL-W showed the inter species conservation of altered amino acids in missense mutations. CONCLUSION Disease-associating novel JAG1 gene variations were found in TOF patients, and seem to play an important role in the causation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujana Kola
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad-500016, India
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32
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Heart valve tissue engineering: quo vadis? Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:698-705. [PMID: 21315575 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Surgical replacement of diseased heart valves by mechanical and tissue valve substitutes is now commonplace and generally enhances survival and quality of life. However, a fundamental problem inherent to the use of existing mechanical and biological prostheses in the pediatric population is their failure to grow, repair, and remodel. A tissue engineered heart valve could, in principle, accommodate these requirements, especially somatic growth. This review provides a brief overview of the field of heart valve tissue engineering, with emphasis on recent studies and evolving concepts, especially those that establish design criteria and key hurdles that must be surmounted before clinical implementation.
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Jung Y, Kissil JL, McCarty JH. β8 integrin and band 4.1B cooperatively regulate morphogenesis of the embryonic heart. Dev Dyn 2010; 240:271-7. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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34
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Jain R, Engleka KA, Rentschler SL, Manderfield LJ, Li L, Yuan L, Epstein JA. Cardiac neural crest orchestrates remodeling and functional maturation of mouse semilunar valves. J Clin Invest 2010; 121:422-30. [PMID: 21157040 DOI: 10.1172/jci44244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the aortic valve are common and are associated with progressive valvular insufficiency and/or stenosis. In addition, aneurysm, coarctation, and dissection of the ascending aorta and aortic arch are often associated conditions that complicate patient management and increase morbidity and mortality. These associated aortopathies are commonly attributed to turbulent hemodynamic flow through the malformed valve leading to focal defects in the vessel wall. However, numerous surgical and pathological studies have identified widespread cystic medial necrosis and smooth muscle apoptosis throughout the aortic arch in affected patients. Here, we provide experimental evidence for an alternative model to explain the association of aortic vessel and valvular disease. Using mice with primary and secondary cardiac neural crest deficiencies, we have shown that neural crest contribution to the outflow endocardial cushions (the precursors of the semilunar valves) is required for late gestation valvular remodeling, mesenchymal apoptosis, and proper valve architecture. Neural crest was also shown to contribute to the smooth muscle layer of the wall of the ascending aorta and aortic arch. Hence, defects of cardiac neural crest can result in functionally abnormal semilunar valves and concomitant aortic arch artery abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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