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Querol Cano L, Dunlock VME, Schwerdtfeger F, van Spriel AB. Membrane organization by tetraspanins and galectins shapes lymphocyte function. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:193-212. [PMID: 37758850 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune receptors are not randomly distributed at the plasma membrane of lymphocytes but are segregated into specialized domains that function as platforms to initiate signalling, as exemplified by the B cell or T cell receptor complex and the immunological synapse. 'Membrane-organizing proteins' and, in particular, tetraspanins and galectins, are crucial for controlling the spatiotemporal organization of immune receptors and other signalling proteins. Deficiencies in specific tetraspanins and galectins result in impaired immune synapse formation, lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production and migration, which can lead to impaired immunity, tumour development and autoimmunity. In contrast to conventional ligand-receptor interactions, membrane organizers interact in cis (on the same cell) and modulate receptor clustering, receptor dynamics and intracellular signalling. New findings have uncovered their complex and dynamic nature, revealing shared binding partners and collaborative activity in determining the composition of membrane domains. Therefore, immune receptors should not be envisaged as independent entities and instead should be studied in the context of their spatial organization in the lymphocyte membrane. We advocate for a novel approach to study lymphocyte function by globally analysing the role of membrane organizers in the assembly of different membrane complexes and discuss opportunities to develop therapeutic approaches that act via the modulation of membrane organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Querol Cano
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera-Marie E Dunlock
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabian Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B van Spriel
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Mayo KH. Heterologous Interactions with Galectins and Chemokines and Their Functional Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14083. [PMID: 37762385 PMCID: PMC10531749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra- and intra-cellular activity occurs under the direction of numerous inter-molecular interactions, and in any tissue or cell, molecules are densely packed, thus promoting those molecular interactions. Galectins and chemokines, the focus of this review, are small, protein effector molecules that mediate various cellular functions-in particular, cell adhesion and migration-as well as cell signaling/activation. In the past, researchers have reported that combinations of these (and other) effector molecules act separately, yet sometimes in concert, but nevertheless physically apart and via their individual cell receptors. This view that each effector molecule functions independently of the other limits our thinking about functional versatility and cooperation, and, in turn, ignores the prospect of physiologically important inter-molecular interactions, especially when both molecules are present or co-expressed in the same cellular environment. This review is focused on such protein-protein interactions with chemokines and galectins, the homo- and hetero-oligomeric structures that they can form, and the functional consequences of those paired interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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3
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Krautter F, Hussain MT, Zhi Z, Lezama DR, Manning JE, Brown E, Marigliano N, Raucci F, Recio C, Chimen M, Maione F, Tiwari A, McGettrick HM, Cooper D, Fisher EA, Iqbal AJ. Galectin-9: A novel promoter of atherosclerosis progression. Atherosclerosis 2022; 363:57-68. [PMID: 36459823 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is widely accepted to be an inflammatory disease driven by lipid accumulation and leukocyte recruitment. More recently, galectins, a family of β-galactoside binding proteins, have been shown to play a role in leukocyte recruitment among other immunomodulatory functions. Galectin (Gal) -9, a tandem repeat type galectin expressed by the endothelium in inflammatory environments, has been proposed to promote leukocyte recruitment. However, the role of Gal-9 in the context of monocyte recruitment remains elusive. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we characterise the immunomodulatory role of Gal-9 in context of atherosclerosis. We show that ApoE-/-Gal-9-/- mice have a significantly reduced aortic plaque burden compared to their ApoE-/- littermate controls after 12 weeks of high fat diet. RNA sequencing data from two independent studies reveal Lgals9 expression in leukocyte clusters isolated from murine atherosclerotic plaques. Additionally, soluble Gal-9 protein induces monocyte activation and a pro-inflammatory phenotype in macrophages. Furthermore, we show that immobilised recombinant Gal-9 acts as capture and adhesion molecule for CD14+ monocytes in a β2-integrin and glycan dependent manner, while adhesion of monocytes to stimulated endothelium is reduced when Gal-9 is knocked down. Gal-9 also facilitates enhanced recruitment of leukocytes from peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients compared to healthy young and aged controls. We further characterise the endothelium as source of circulating Gal-9, which is increased in plasma of PAD patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight a pathological role for Gal-9 as promoter of monocyte recruitment and atherosclerotic plaque progression, making it a novel target in the prevention of plaque formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Krautter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed T Hussain
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhaogong Zhi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle R Lezama
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julia E Manning
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, And the Cardiovascular Research Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Noemi Marigliano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Raucci
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlota Recio
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Farmacología Molecular y Translacional - BIOPharm, Las Palmas de G.C, Spain
| | - Myriam Chimen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alok Tiwari
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dianne Cooper
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, And the Cardiovascular Research Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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4
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Mansour AA, Krautter F, Zhi Z, Iqbal AJ, Recio C. The interplay of galectins-1, -3, and -9 in the immune-inflammatory response underlying cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:253. [PMID: 36403025 PMCID: PMC9675972 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding proteins that bind and crosslink molecules via their sugar moieties, forming signaling and adhesion networks involved in cellular communication, differentiation, migration, and survival. Galectins are expressed ubiquitously across immune cells, and their function varies with their tissue-specific and subcellular location. Particularly galectin-1, -3, and -9 are highly expressed by inflammatory cells and are involved in the modulation of several innate and adaptive immune responses. Modulation in the expression of these proteins accompany major processes in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, obesity, and diabetes, making them attractive therapeutic targets. In this review we consider the broad cellular activities ascribed to galectin-1, -3, and -9, highlighting those linked to the progression of different inflammatory driven pathologies in the context of cardiovascular and metabolic disease, to better understand their mechanism of action and provide new insights into the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abo Mansour
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Franziska Krautter
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhaogong Zhi
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Asif Jilani Iqbal
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carlota Recio
- grid.4521.20000 0004 1769 9380Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional -BIOPharm, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Spain
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5
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Mansour AA, Raucci F, Sevim M, Saviano A, Begum J, Zhi Z, Pezhman L, Tull S, Maione F, Iqbal AJ. Galectin-9 supports primary T cell transendothelial migration in a glycan and integrin dependent manner. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113171. [PMID: 35643073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity relies on the efficient recruitment of T cells from the blood into peripheral tissues. However, the current understanding of factor(s) coordinating these events is incomplete. Previous studies on galectin-9 (Gal-9), have proposed a functionally significant role for this lectin in mediating leukocyte adhesion and transmigration. However, very little is known about its function in T cell migration. Here, we have investigated the role of the Gal-9 on the migration behaviour of both human primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Our data indicate that Gal-9 supports both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell adhesion and transmigration in a glycan dependent manner, inducing L-selectin shedding and upregulation of LFA-1 and CXCR4 expression. Additionally, when immobilized, Gal-9 promoted capture and firm adhesion of T cells under flow, in a glycan and integrin-dependent manner. Using an in vivo model, dorsal air pouch, we found that Gal-9 deficient mice display impaired leukocyte trafficking, with a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines generated locally. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that Gal-9 inhibits the chemotactic function of CXCL12 through direct binding. In conclusion, our study characterises, for the first time, the capture, adhesion, and migration behaviour of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to immobilised /endothelial presented Gal-9, under static and physiological flow conditions. We also demonstrate the differential binding characteristics of Gal-9 to T cell subtypes, which could be of potential therapeutic significance, particularly in the treatment of inflammatory-based diseases, given Gal-9 ability to promote apoptosis in pathogenic T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abo Mansour
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Federica Raucci
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mustafa Sevim
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jenefa Begum
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zhaogong Zhi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laleh Pezhman
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Tull
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Asif Jilani Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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6
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Zhi Z, Jooss NJ, Sun Y, Colicchia M, Slater A, Moran LA, Cheung HYF, Di Y, Rayes J, Poulter NS, Watson SP, Iqbal AJ. Galectin-9 activates platelet ITAM receptors glycoprotein VI and C-type lectin-like receptor-2. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:936-950. [PMID: 34936188 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are multifunctional cellular mediators in many physiological and pathophysiological processes such as thrombosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Several members of galectins, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with a broad range of immunomodulatory actions, have been reported to activate platelets. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the role of galectin-9 (Gal-9) as a novel ligand for platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). METHODS Platelet spreading, aggregation, and P-selectin expression in response to Gal-9 were measured in washed platelet suspensions via static adhesion assay, light transmission aggregometry, and flow cytometry, respectively. Solid-phase binding assay and protein phosphorylation studies were utilized to validate the interaction between Gal-9 and GPVI, and immunoprecipitation for detecting CLEC-2 phosphorylation. Wild-type (WT), GPVI-knockout (Gp6-/- ), and GPVI and CLEC-2-double knockout (Gp6-/- /Gp1ba-Cre-Clec1bfl/fl ) mice were used. RESULTS We have shown that recombinant Gal-9 stimulates aggregation in human and mouse washed platelets dose-dependently. Platelets from both species adhere and spread on immobilized Gal-9 and express P-selectin. Gal-9 competitively inhibited the binding of human recombinant D1 and D2 domains of GPVI to collagen. Gal-9 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of CLEC-2 and proteins known to lie downstream of GPVI and CLEC-2 including spleen tyrosine kinase and linker of activated T cells in human platelets. GPVI-deficient murine platelets exhibited significantly impaired aggregation in response to Gal-9, which was further abrogated in GPVI and CLEC-2-double-deficient platelets. CONCLUSIONS We have identified Gal-9 as a novel platelet agonist that induces activation through interaction with GPVI and CLEC-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogong Zhi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Natalie J Jooss
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Martina Colicchia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luis A Moran
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hilaire Yam Fung Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ying Di
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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7
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Roldán-Montero R, Pérez-Sáez JM, Cerro-Pardo I, Oller J, Martinez-Lopez D, Nuñez E, Maller SM, Gutierrez-Muñoz C, Mendez-Barbero N, Escola-Gil JC, Michel JB, Mittelbrunn M, Vázquez J, Blanco-Colio LM, Rabinovich GA, Martin-Ventura JL. Galectin-1 prevents pathological vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7322. [PMID: 35294231 PMCID: PMC8926342 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathological vascular remodeling is the underlying cause of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Here, we analyzed the role of galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding protein, as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and AAA. Mice lacking Gal-1 (Lgals1-/-) developed severe atherosclerosis induced by pAAV/D377Y-mPCSK9 adenovirus and displayed higher lipid levels and lower expression of contractile markers of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in plaques than wild-type mice. Proteomic analysis of Lgals1-/- aortas showed changes in markers of VSMC phenotypic switch and altered composition of mitochondrial proteins. Mechanistically, Gal-1 silencing resulted in increased foam cell formation and mitochondrial dysfunction in VSMCs, while treatment with recombinant Gal-1 (rGal-1) prevented these effects. Furthermore, rGal-1 treatment attenuated atherosclerosis and elastase-induced AAA, leading to higher contractile VSMCs in aortic tissues. Gal-1 expression decreased in human atheroma and AAA compared to control tissue. Thus, Gal-1-driven circuits emerge as potential therapeutic strategies in atherosclerosis and AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Roldán-Montero
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM). Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Pérez-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel Cerro-Pardo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM). Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Oller
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Estefania Nuñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian M. Maller
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Nerea Mendez-Barbero
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM). Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Mittelbrunn
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Blanco-Colio
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM). Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428AGE Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Corresponding author. (J.L.M.-V.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Jose L. Martin-Ventura
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM). Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author. (J.L.M.-V.); (G.A.R.)
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8
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Rodrigues LC, Cerri DG, Marzocchi-Machado CM, Cummings RD, Stowell SR, Dias-Baruffi M. Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Neutrophils Under Various Conditions of Exposure to Galectin. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:549-564. [PMID: 35320545 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been extensively studied in biology in the past years. This class of molecules can be derived from endogenous sources (e.g., phagocytic cells as neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, and organelles as mitochondria and peroxisomes) and participate in physiological and pathological conditions. The beneficial and harmful effects of ROS depend on redox regulation, which establishes the balance between their production and the activity of antioxidant systems to prevent oxidative stress in vivo. Neutrophils are the immune effectors most well depicted with an intense oxidative burst in response to tissue inflammation. Several proteins and members of the galectin family are involved in this fine modulation of ROS production by neutrophils. Interestingly, studies have indicated that Galectin-1 (Gal-1) can up- or downregulate ROS production by neutrophils even when exposed to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) or Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA), both of which are potent neutrophil stimulants that trigger high levels of ROS production. Similarly, Galectin-3 (Gal-3) induces ROS in neutrophils from a sterile or nonsterile inflammatory environment, possibly creating a negative loop that could control ROS production. Besides, superoxide production is also induced by Galectin-8 (Gal-8) and Galectin-9 (Gal-9) in neutrophils but in a different manner. We describe herein the luminol and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence technique by using a luminometer as a method of assessment to measure ROS production by human neutrophils isolated and exposed to purified human recombinant Gal-1. The protocol described herein could be applied for the investigation of the role of other galectins in the modulation of ROS production by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Cataldi Rodrigues
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniel Giuliano Cerri
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Cleni M Marzocchi-Machado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Sean R Stowell
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
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9
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Cerri DG, Rodrigues LC, Fermino ML, Papoti M, Cummings RD, Stowell SR, Dias-Baruffi M. Investigation of Galectins in Frozen Tissue and Mammalian Cell Culture Using Confocal Miccroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:289-306. [PMID: 35320532 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are multifunctional glycan-binding proteins present in various tissues that participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes and are considered as not only biomarkers of human diseases but also molecular targets for treating cancer and inflammatory illnesses in many organs. In the glycobiology field, it is crucial to determine the pattern of galectin expression and location in cells and tissues. Confocal microscopy is a powerful imaging technology that represents a unique approach to investigate the expression and location of biomolecules in various tissues and cells. The confocal microscope acquires images of the specimen through the reflected or fluorescent light from the objective's focal plane, using laser light focused on a small spot inside the tissue or cell. This technique provides high-resolution and high-contrast images without artifacts generated by conventional microscopy and enables reconstruction of virtual tridimensional images by acquiring multiple sections from several focal planes, which makes it possible to obtain the precise spatial location of any cellular structure or molecule. Furthermore, confocal microscopy is a non-invasive tissue imaging strategy used in clinical practices. We describe herein the immunofluorescence confocal method for examining galectins in frozen tissue sections and mammalian cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Giuliano Cerri
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacênuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lilian Cataldi Rodrigues
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacênuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marise Lopes Fermino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacênuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacênuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.
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10
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Iqbal AJ, Krautter F, Blacksell IA, Wright RD, Austin-Williams SN, Voisin MB, Hussain MT, Law HL, Niki T, Hirashima M, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Tiwari A, Nash GB, Norling LV, Cooper D. Galectin-9 mediates neutrophil capture and adhesion in a CD44 and β2 integrin-dependent manner. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22065. [PMID: 34847625 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100832r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil trafficking is a key component of the inflammatory response. Here, we have investigated the role of the immunomodulatory lectin Galectin-9 (Gal-9) on neutrophil recruitment. Our data indicate that Gal-9 is upregulated in the inflamed vasculature of RA synovial biopsies and report the release of Gal-9 into the extracellular environment following endothelial cell activation. siRNA knockdown of endothelial Gal-9 resulted in reduced neutrophil adhesion and neutrophil recruitment was significantly reduced in Gal-9 knockout mice in a model of zymosan-induced peritonitis. We also provide evidence for Gal-9 binding sites on human neutrophils; Gal-9 binding induced neutrophil activation (increased expression of β2 integrins and reduced expression of CD62L). Intra-vital microscopy confirmed a pro-recruitment role for Gal-9, with increased numbers of transmigrated neutrophils following Gal-9 administration. We studied the role of both soluble and immobilized Gal-9 on human neutrophil recruitment. Soluble Gal-9 significantly strengthened the interaction between neutrophils and the endothelium and inhibited neutrophil crawling on ICAM-1. When immobilized, Gal-9 functioned as an adhesion molecule and captured neutrophils from the flow. Neutrophils adherent to Gal-9 exhibited a spread/activated phenotype that was inhibited by CD18 and CD44 neutralizing antibodies, suggesting a role for these molecules in the pro-adhesive effects of Gal-9. Our data indicate that Gal-9 is expressed and released by the activated endothelium and functions both in soluble form and when immobilized as a neutrophil adhesion molecule. This study paves the way for further investigation of the role of Gal-9 in leukocyte recruitment in different inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Franziska Krautter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Isobel A Blacksell
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rachael D Wright
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shani N Austin-Williams
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mathieu-Benoit Voisin
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mohammed T Hussain
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hannah L Law
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Research Division, GalPharma Company, Ltd., Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuomi Hirashima
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alok Tiwari
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gerard B Nash
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lucy V Norling
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dianne Cooper
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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11
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The marriage of chemokines and galectins as functional heterodimers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8073-8095. [PMID: 34767039 PMCID: PMC8629806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trafficking of leukocytes and their local activity profile are of pivotal importance for many (patho)physiological processes. Fittingly, microenvironments are complex by nature, with multiple mediators originating from diverse cell types and playing roles in an intimately regulated manner. To dissect aspects of this complexity, effectors are initially identified and structurally characterized, thus prompting familial classification and establishing foci of research activity. In this regard, chemokines present themselves as role models to illustrate the diversification and fine-tuning of inflammatory processes. This in turn discloses the interplay among chemokines, their cell receptors and cognate glycosaminoglycans, as well as their capacity to engage in new molecular interactions that form hetero-oligomers between themselves and other classes of effector molecules. The growing realization of versatility of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins that bind to glycans and proteins and their presence at sites of inflammation led to testing the hypothesis that chemokines and galectins can interact with each other by protein-protein interactions. In this review, we present some background on chemokines and galectins, as well as experimental validation of this chemokine-galectin heterodimer concept exemplified with CXCL12 and galectin-3 as proof-of-principle, as well as sketch out some emerging perspectives in this arena.
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12
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A Review of the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) from Cow, Sheep and Goat Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158046. [PMID: 34360812 PMCID: PMC8347029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the importance of understanding NETosis in cows, sheep, and goats in light of the importance to their health, welfare and use as animal models. Neutrophils are essential to innate immunity, pathogen infection, and inflammatory diseases. The relevance of NETosis as a conserved innate immune response mechanism and the translational implications for public health are presented. Increased understanding of NETosis in ruminants will contribute to the prediction of pathologies and design of strategic interventions targeting NETs. This will help to control pathogens such as coronaviruses and inflammatory diseases such as mastitis that impact all mammals, including humans. Definition of unique attributes of NETosis in ruminants, in comparison to what has been observed in humans, has significant translational implications for one health and global food security, and thus warrants further study.
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13
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Lightfoot A, McGettrick HM, Iqbal AJ. Vascular Endothelial Galectins in Leukocyte Trafficking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687711. [PMID: 34140956 PMCID: PMC8204101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment to the site of injury is a crucial event in the regulation of an inflammatory response. Tight regulation of interactions between the endothelium and circulating leukocytes is necessary to ensure a protective response to injury does not result in inflammatory disease. Rising interest in the broad immunoregulatory roles displayed by members of the glycan-binding galectin family suggests that these proteins could be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention, since their expression is significantly altered in disease. The focus of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the role of galectins in leukocyte trafficking during inflammation and the clinical approaches being taken to target these interactions for treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Lightfoot
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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14
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Characterisation of endogenous Galectin-1 and -9 expression in monocyte and macrophage subsets under resting and inflammatory conditions. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Eckardt V, Miller MC, Blanchet X, Duan R, Leberzammer J, Duchene J, Soehnlein O, Megens RT, Ludwig AK, Dregni A, Faussner A, Wichapong K, Ippel H, Dijkgraaf I, Kaltner H, Döring Y, Bidzhekov K, Hackeng TM, Weber C, Gabius HJ, von Hundelshausen P, Mayo KH. Chemokines and galectins form heterodimers to modulate inflammation. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e47852. [PMID: 32080959 PMCID: PMC7132340 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and galectins are simultaneously upregulated and mediate leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Until now, these effector molecules have been considered to function independently. Here, we tested the hypothesis that they form molecular hybrids. By systematically screening chemokines for their ability to bind galectin‐1 and galectin‐3, we identified several interacting pairs, such as CXCL12 and galectin‐3. Based on NMR and MD studies of the CXCL12/galectin‐3 heterodimer, we identified contact sites between CXCL12 β‐strand 1 and Gal‐3 F‐face residues. Mutagenesis of galectin‐3 residues involved in heterodimer formation resulted in reduced binding to CXCL12, enabling testing of functional activity comparatively. Galectin‐3, but not its mutants, inhibited CXCL12‐induced chemotaxis of leukocytes and their recruitment into the mouse peritoneum. Moreover, galectin‐3 attenuated CXCL12‐stimulated signaling via its receptor CXCR4 in a ternary complex with the chemokine and receptor, consistent with our structural model. This first report of heterodimerization between chemokines and galectins reveals a new type of interaction between inflammatory mediators that can underlie a novel immunoregulatory mechanism in inflammation. Thus, further exploration of the chemokine/galectin interactome is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Eckardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Health Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xavier Blanchet
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rundan Duan
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Leberzammer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Duchene
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Remco Ta Megens
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelio Dregni
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Health Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Faussner
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ippel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kiril Bidzhekov
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Health Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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16
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Rodrigues LC, Kabeya LM, Azzolini AECS, Cerri DG, Stowell SR, Cummings RD, Lucisano-Valim YM, Dias-Baruffi M. Galectin-1 modulation of neutrophil reactive oxygen species production depends on the cell activation state. Mol Immunol 2019; 116:80-89. [PMID: 31630079 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the effects of exogenous and endogenous galectin-1 (Gal-1) in modulating the functional responses of human and murine neutrophils at different stages of activation, i.e. naive, primed, and activated. Exposure to Gal-1 did not induce ROS production in either naive or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-primed (fMLP; 10-9 M) neutrophils. However, Gal-1 elicited a concentration-dependent ROS production in neutrophils activated with fMLP at concentrations ranging from 10-8 M to 10-6 M. Additional fMLP (10-7 M) stimulation of fMLP-activated neutrophils increased ROS production, whose intensity was inversely related to the fMLP concentration used in the first activation step (10-8 M to 10-6 M), and was not influenced by the presence of Gal-1. Naive neutrophils treated with Gal-1 and then exposed to fMLP (10-6 M) or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (10-7 M) produced less ROS, as compared to naive neutrophils not treated with Gal-1. Interestingly, these in vitro Gal-1 effects were associated with Gal-1 carbohydrate-binding activity and the ability to decrease FPR-1 (formyl peptide receptor 1) expression in naive human neutrophils. Conversely, positive ROS modulation by Gal-1 in activated neutrophils was not associated with FPR-1 expression but it was related to its carbohydrate recognition. In vitro, fMLP stimulation of Gal-1-/- mouse neutrophils produced more ROS than fMLP stimulation of Gal-1+/+ neutrophils and this effect may be associated with increased FPR-1 expression. Exogenous Gal-1 induced ROS production in Gal-1-/- mouse neutrophils more effectively than in Gal-1+/+ mouse neutrophils. Compared to Gal-1+/+ mice, Gal-1-/- mice exhibited lower bacterial load in the peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood, thus indicating a greater bactericidal activity in vivo. These findings demonstrate that endogenous Gal-1 restricts ROS generation that correlates with bacterial killing capacity in inflammatory neutrophils. Thus, endogenous and exogenous Gal-1 may either positively or negatively modulate the effector functions of neutrophils according to the cell activation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian C Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Kabeya
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa C S Azzolini
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Giuliano Cerri
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Pathology Department, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Room 11087, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yara Maria Lucisano-Valim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Machala EA, McSharry BP, Rouse BT, Abendroth A, Slobedman B. Gal power: the diverse roles of galectins in regulating viral infections. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:333-349. [PMID: 30648945 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses, as a class of pathogenic microbe, remain a significant health burden globally. Viral infections result in significant morbidity and mortality annually and many remain in need of novel vaccine and anti-viral strategies. The development of effective novel anti-viral therapeutics, in particular, requires detailed understanding of the mechanism of viral infection, and the host response, including the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. In recent years, the role of glycans and lectins in pathogen-host interactions has become an increasingly relevant issue. This review focuses on the interactions between a specific lectin family, galectins, and the broad range of viral infections in which they play a role. Discussed are the diverse activities that galectins play in interacting directly with virions or the cells they infect, to promote or inhibit viral infection. In addition we describe how galectin expression is regulated both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally by viral infections. We also compare the contribution of known galectin-mediated immune modulation, across a range of innate and adaptive immune anti-viral responses, to the outcome of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Machala
- 1Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian P McSharry
- 1Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barry T Rouse
- 2Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allison Abendroth
- 1Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barry Slobedman
- 1Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Nielsen MI, Stegmayr J, Grant OC, Yang Z, Nilsson UJ, Boos I, Carlsson MC, Woods RJ, Unverzagt C, Leffler H, Wandall HH. Galectin binding to cells and glycoproteins with genetically modified glycosylation reveals galectin-glycan specificities in a natural context. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:20249-20262. [PMID: 30385505 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins compose a protein family defined by a conserved sequence motif conferring affinity for β-galactose-containing glycans. Moreover, galectins gain higher affinity and fine-tune specificity by glycan interactions at sites adjacent to their β-galactoside-binding site, as revealed by extensive testing against panels of purified glycans. However, in cells, galectins bind glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids in the context of other cellular components, such as at the cell surface. Because of difficulties in characterizing natural cellular environments, we currently lack a detailed understanding of galectin-binding specificities in the cellular context. To address this challenge, we used a panel of genetically stable glycosylation mutated CHO cells that express defined glycans to evaluate the binding affinities of 10 different carbohydrate-recognition domains in galectins to N-glycans and mucin-type O-glycans. Using flow cytometry, we measured the cell-surface binding of the galectins. Moreover, we used fluorescence anisotropy to determine the galectin affinities to recombinant erythropoietin used as a reporter glycoprotein produced by the glycoengineered cells and to synthetic N-glycans with defined branch structures. We found that all galectins, apart from galectin-8N, require complex N-glycans for high-affinity binding. Galectin-8N targeted both N- and O-linked glycans with high affinity, preferring 2,3-sialylated N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) structures. Furthermore, we found that 2,3-sialylation suppresses high-affinity binding of select galectins, including galectin-2, -3, -4N, and -7. Structural modeling provided a basis for interpreting the observed binding preferences. These results underscore the power of a glycoengineered platform to dissect the glycan-binding specificities of carbohydrate-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Ingemann Nielsen
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - John Stegmayr
- the Division for Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver C Grant
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Zhang Yang
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- the Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden, and
| | - Irene Boos
- the Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Bayreuth, Gebäude NW I, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael C Carlsson
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark,; the Division for Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert J Woods
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- the Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Bayreuth, Gebäude NW I, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hakon Leffler
- the Division for Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans H Wandall
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark,.
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19
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Therapeutic effects of simvastatin on Galectin-3 and oxidative stress parameters in endotoxemic lung tissue. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180308. [PMID: 29853535 PMCID: PMC6019383 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins constitute of a soluble mammalian β-galactoside binding lectin family, which play homeostatic roles in the regulation of the cell cycle, and apoptosis, in addition to their inflammatory conditions. Galectin-3 has an important role in the regulation of various inflammatory conditions including endotoxemia, and airway inflammation. Statins, the key precursor inhibitors of 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, may prevent the progression of inflammation in sepsis after prior statin treatment. Endotoxemia leads to the formation of oxidative stress parameters in proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. In the present study, we aimed to show the effects of simvastatin on Galectin-3, and glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in lung tissue of rats which were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) during the early phase of sepsis. Rats were divided into four groups as the control, LPS (20 mg/kg), simvastatin (20 mg/kg), and simvastatin+LPS group. Galectin-3 expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue sections was demonstrated by using the immunohistochemistry methods. There were reduced densities, and the decreased number of Galectin-3 immunoreactivities in the simvastatin+LPS group compared with the LPS group in the pneumocytes, and in the bronchial epithelium of lung tissue. In the LPS group, GR, GSH-Px, and SOD were found lower than the levels in simvastatin-treated LPS group (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01 respectively) in the lung tissue. However, TBARS decreased in the simvastatin+LPS group compared with the levels in LPS group (P<0.001). Simvastatin attenuates LPS-induced oxidative acute lung inflammation, oxidative stress, and suppresses LPS-induced Galectin-3 expression in the lung tissue.
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20
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Galectin-3 in M2 Macrophages Plays a Protective Role in Resolution of Neuropathology in Brain Parasitic Infection by Regulating Neutrophil Turnover. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6737-6750. [PMID: 29946038 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3575-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages/microglia with M2-activation phenotype are thought to play important anti-inflammatory and tissue reparative functions in the brain, yet the molecular bases of their functions in the CNS remain to be clearly defined. In a preclinical model of neurocysticercosis using brain infection with a parasite Mesocestoides corti, we previously reported the presence of large numbers of M2 cells in the CNS. In this study using female mice, we report that M2 macrophages in the parasite-infected brain display abundant galectin-3 expression. Disease severity was increased in Galectin-3-/- mice correlating with increased neurological defects, augmented cell death and, importantly, massive accumulation of neutrophils and M2 macrophages in the CNS of these mice. Because neutrophil clearance by efferocytosis is an important function of M2 macrophages, we investigated a possible role of galectin-3 in this process. Indeed, galectin-3-deficient M2 macrophages exhibited a defect in efferocytic clearance of neutrophils in vitro Furthermore, adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages from galectin-3-sufficient WT mice reduced neutrophilia in the CNS and ameliorated disease severity in parasite-infected Galectin-3-/- mice. Together, these results demonstrate, for the first time, a novel role of galectin-3 in M2 macrophage function in neutrophil turnover and resolution of inflammatory pathology in the CNS. This likely will have implications in neurocysticercosis and neuroinflammatory diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Macrophages/microglia with M1-activation phenotype are thought to promote CNS pathology, whereas M2-anti-inflammatory phenotype promote CNS repair. However, the mechanisms regulating M2 cell-protective functions in the CNS microenvironment are undefined. The current study reports that helminth infection of the brain induces an increased expression of galectin-3 in M2 macrophages accumulated in the CNS. Using multiple experimental models in vivo and in vitro, they show that galectin-3 in M2 macrophages functions to clear neutrophils accumulated in the CNS. Importantly, galectin-3 in M2 macrophages plays a central role in the containment of neuropathology and disease severity. These results provide a direct mechanistic evidence of the protective function of M2 macrophages in the CNS.
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Carlos CP, Silva AA, Gil CD, Oliani SM. Pharmacological treatment with galectin-1 protects against renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9568. [PMID: 29934646 PMCID: PMC6015078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 protein (GAL-1) has important anti-inflammatory properties, but related pharmacologic approaches to effectively treat or prevent renal ischaemia and reperfusion injury are highly limited. Here, we investigated the effect of GAL-1 in a renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury rat model and an in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation model with a proximal renal tubular epithelial cell line. In vivo, pretreatment with GAL-1 attenuated the renal parameters changed by ischaemia-reperfusion/hypoxia-reoxygenation, with recovery of renal function, protecting against influx of leukocytes, cell death and oxidative stress. Ischaemia-reperfusion/hypoxia-reoxygenation was also associated with increased renal endogenous expression of GAL-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) plus augmented levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1 and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 in urine, all of which were abrogated by GAL-1 treatment. In vitro studies demonstrated renal tubular epithelial cells as an important source of GAL-1 during hypoxia-reoxygenation and confirmed the protective effects of exogenous GAL-1 through downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine release by proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. Collectively, our findings confirm the important anti-inflammatory role of GAL-1 in kidney ischaemia and reperfusion injury and indicate its promising use as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla P Carlos
- Department of Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, FACERES School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Analice A Silva
- Department of Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane D Gil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia M Oliani
- Department of Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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22
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Protein N-Glycosylation in Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Risk Factors. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-018-0579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Mammen MJ, Sands MF, Abou‐Jaoude E, Aalinkeel R, Reynolds JL, Parikh NU, Sharma U, Schwartz SA, Mahajan SD. Role of Galectin-3 in the pathophysiology underlying allergic lung inflammation in a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 knockout model of murine asthma. Immunology 2018; 153:387-396. [PMID: 28992358 PMCID: PMC5795177 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airway obstruction. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the various endotypes of asthma could lead to novel and more personalized therapies for individuals with asthma. Using a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) knockout murine allergic asthma model, we previously showed that TIMP-1 deficiency results in an asthma phenotype, exhibiting airway hyperreactivity, enhanced eosinophilic inflammation and T helper type 2 cytokine gene and protein expression following sensitization with ovalbumin. In the current study, we compared the expression of Galectins and other key cytokines in a murine allergic asthma model using wild-type and TIMP-1 knockout mice. We also examined the effects of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) inhibition on a non-T helper type 2 cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) to evaluate the relationship between Gal-3 and the IL-17 axis in allergic asthma. Our results showed a significant increase in Gal-3, IL-17 and transforming growth factor-β1 gene expression in lung tissue isolated from an allergic asthma murine model using TIMP-1 knockout. Gal-3 gene and protein expression levels were also significantly higher in lung tissue from an allergic asthma murine model using TIMP-1 knockout. Our data show that Gal-3 may regulate the IL-17 axis and play a pivotal role in the modulation of inflammation during experimental allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj J. Mammen
- Department of MedicineUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Mark F. Sands
- Department of MedicineUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA
- WNY VA Healthcare SystemBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Elaine Abou‐Jaoude
- Department of MedicineUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of MedicineUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Jessica L. Reynolds
- Department of MedicineUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Neil U. Parikh
- Department of MedicineUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Umesh Sharma
- Department of MedicineUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Stanley A. Schwartz
- Department of MedicineUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Supriya D. Mahajan
- Department of MedicineUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA
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Rao SP, Ge XN, Sriramarao P. Regulation of Eosinophil Recruitment and Activation by Galectins in Allergic Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:68. [PMID: 28620605 PMCID: PMC5450023 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are differentiated granulocytes that are recruited from the bone marrow to sites of inflammation via the vascular system. Allergic asthma is characterized by the presence of large numbers of eosinophils in the lungs and airways. Due to their capacity to rapidly release inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and cytotoxic granule proteins upon stimulation, eosinophils play a critical role in pro-inflammatory processes in allergen-exposed lungs. Identifying key players and understanding the molecular mechanisms directing eosinophil trafficking and recruitment to inflamed airways is a key to developing therapeutic strategies to limit their influx. Recent studies have brought to light the important role of glycans and glycan binding proteins in regulating recruitment of eosinophils. In addition to the role of previously identified eosinophil- and endothelial-expressed adhesion molecules in mediating eosinophil trafficking and recruitment to the inflamed airways, studies have also indicated a role for galectins (galectin-3) in this process. Galectins are mammalian lectins expressed by various cell types including eosinophils. Intracellularly, they can regulate biological processes such as cell motility. Extracellularly, galectins interact with β-galactosides in cell surface-expressed glycans to regulate cellular responses like production of inflammatory mediators, cell adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. Eosinophils express galectins intracellularly or on the cell surface where they interact with cell surface glycoconjugate receptors. Depending on the type (galectin-1, -3, etc.) and location (extracellular or intracellular, endogenous or exogenously delivered), galectins differentially regulate eosinophil recruitment, activation, and apoptosis and thus exert a pro- or anti-inflammatory outcome. Here, we have reviewed information pertaining to galectins (galectin-1, -3 -9, and -10) that are expressed by eosinophils themselves and/or other cells that play a role in eosinophil recruitment and function in the context of allergic asthma and their potential use as disease biomarkers or therapeutic targets for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita P Rao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Xiao Na Ge
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - P Sriramarao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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25
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Friedel M, André S, Goldschmidt H, Gabius HJ, Schwartz-Albiez R. Galectin-8 enhances adhesion of multiple myeloma cells to vascular endothelium and is an adverse prognostic factor. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1048-1058. [PMID: 27287437 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by abnormal infiltration of malignant plasma cells into bone marrow. Testing the hypothesis that bivalent galectin-8 (Gal-8) may influence homing of myeloma cells to vascular endothelium as a key prerequisite for infiltration, we analyzed the two Gal-8 splice variants (Gal-8S, Gal-8L). They differ in the length of their linker peptide connecting the two lectin domains. Both Gal-8 isoforms bind to cells of the myeloma lines Gal-8+ MOLP-8 and Gal-8- LP-1 in a glycan-inhibitable manner. Both Gal-8 isoforms led to enhanced adhesion of myeloma cells to vascular endothelium under dynamic shear stress conditions, Gal-8L (by more than 40-fold) even stronger than Gal-8S. Additional treatment of endothelial cells with tumour necrosis factor prior to the dynamic shear stress assay entailed an almost 100-fold enhanced adhesion of myeloma cells without addition of Gal-8 variants and a further 1.5-1.7-fold enhancement by addition of Gal-8 variants. We also found that elevated expression of Gal-8 in native multiple myeloma cells is an adverse prognostic factor for overall and event-free survival using patients' gene expression profile data of the total therapy 2 and 3 myeloma studies. Also, elevated concentrations of Gal-8 were detected (45%, 19/42 patients) in sera of multiple myeloma patients compared to those of healthy, age-matched donors. Both experimental and clinical data strongly point to the significance of Gal-8 for multiple myeloma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Friedel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg und Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schwartz-Albiez
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Thiemann S, Baum LG. Galectins and Immune Responses—Just How Do They Do Those Things They Do? Annu Rev Immunol 2016; 34:243-64. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thiemann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; ,
| | - Linda G. Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; ,
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Bum-Erdene K, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Blanchard H. Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3'-sulfo-lactose, and 2'-fucosyllactose. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20289. [PMID: 26828567 PMCID: PMC4734333 DOI: 10.1038/srep20289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin with two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD). Galectin-4 is expressed mainly in the alimentary tract and is proposed to function as a lipid raft and adherens junction stabilizer by its glycan cross-linking capacity. Galectin-4 plays divergent roles in cancer and inflammatory conditions, either promoting or inhibiting each disease progression, depending on the specific pathological condition. The study of galectin-4's ligand-binding profile may help decipher its roles under specific conditions. Here we present the X-ray structures of human galectin-4 N-terminal CRD (galectin-4N) bound to different saccharide ligands. Galectin-4's overall fold and its core interactions to lactose are similar to other galectin CRDs. Galectin-4N recognises the sulfate cap of 3'-sulfated glycans by a weak interaction through Arg45 and two water-mediated hydrogen bonds via Trp84 and Asn49. When galectin-4N interacts with the H-antigen mimic, 2'-fucosyllactose, an interaction is formed between the ring oxygen of fucose and Arg45. The extended binding site of galectin-4N may not be well suited to the A/B-antigen determinants, α-GalNAc/α-Gal, specifically due to clashes with residue Phe47. Overall, galectin-4N favours sulfated glycans whilst galectin-4C prefers blood group determinants. However, the two CRDs of galectin-4 can, to a less extent, recognise each other's ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
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28
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Fichorova RN, Yamamoto HS, Fashemi T, Foley E, Ryan S, Beatty N, Dawood H, Hayes GR, St-Pierre G, Sato S, Singh BN. Trichomonas vaginalis Lipophosphoglycan Exploits Binding to Galectin-1 and -3 to Modulate Epithelial Immunity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:998-1013. [PMID: 26589797 PMCID: PMC4705417 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.651497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection caused by the vaginotropic extracellular protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The infection is recurrent, with no lasting immunity, often asymptomatic, and linked to pregnancy complications and risk of viral infection. The molecular mechanisms of immune evasion by the parasite are poorly understood. We demonstrate that galectin-1 and -3 are expressed by the human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells and act as pathogen-recognition receptors for the ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the dominant surface protozoan lipophosphoglycan (LPG). We used an in vitro model with siRNA galectin knockdown epithelial clones, recombinant galectins, clinical Trichomonas isolates, and mutant protozoan derivatives to dissect the function of galectin-1 and -3 in the context of Trichomonas infection. Galectin-1 suppressed chemokines that facilitate recruitment of phagocytes, which can eliminate extracellular protozoa (IL-8) or bridge innate to adaptive immunity (MIP-3α and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted)). Silencing galectin-1 increased and adding exogenous galectin-1 suppressed chemokine responses to Trichomonas or CPI-GC/LPG. In contrast, silencing galectin-3 reduced IL-8 response to LPG. Live Trichomonas depleted the extracellular levels of galectin-3. Clinical isolates and mutant Trichomonas CPI-GC that had reduced affinity to galectin-3 but maintained affinity to galectin-1 suppressed chemokine expression. Thus via CPI-GC binding, Trichomonas is capable of regulating galectin bioavailability and function to the benefit of its parasitic survival. These findings suggest novel approaches to control trichomoniasis and warrant further studies of galectin-binding diversity among clinical isolates as a possible source for symptom disparity in parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina N Fichorova
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
| | - Hidemi S Yamamoto
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Titilayo Fashemi
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Evan Foley
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Stanthia Ryan
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Noah Beatty
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Hassan Dawood
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Gary R Hayes
- the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, and
| | - Guillaume St-Pierre
- the Laboratory of Glycobiology and Bioimaging, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sachiko Sato
- the Laboratory of Glycobiology and Bioimaging, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Bibhuti N Singh
- the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, and
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Thiemann S, Man JH, Chang MH, Lee B, Baum LG. Galectin-1 regulates tissue exit of specific dendritic cell populations. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26216879 PMCID: PMC4566239 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, dendritic cells emigrate from inflamed tissue across the lymphatic endothelium into the lymphatic vasculature and travel to regional lymph nodes to initiate immune responses. However, the processes that regulate dendritic cell tissue egress and migration across the lymphatic endothelium are not well defined. The mammalian lectin galectin-1 is highly expressed by vascular endothelial cells in inflamed tissue and has been shown to regulate immune cell tissue entry into inflamed tissue. Here, we show that galectin-1 is also highly expressed by human lymphatic endothelial cells, and deposition of galectin-1 in extracellular matrix selectively regulates migration of specific human dendritic cell subsets. The presence of galectin-1 inhibits migration of immunogenic dendritic cells through the extracellular matrix and across lymphatic endothelial cells, but it has no effect on migration of tolerogenic dendritic cells. The major galectin-1 counter-receptor on both dendritic cell populations is the cell surface mucin CD43; differential core 2 O-glycosylation of CD43 between immunogenic dendritic cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells appears to contribute to the differential effect of galectin-1 on migration. Binding of galectin-1 to immunogenic dendritic cells reduces phosphorylation and activity of the protein-tyrosine kinase Pyk2, an effect that may also contribute to reduced migration of this subset. In a murine lymphedema model, galectin-1(-/-) animals had increased numbers of migratory dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes, specifically dendritic cells with an immunogenic phenotype. These findings define a novel role for galectin-1 in inhibiting tissue emigration of immunogenic, but not tolerogenic, dendritic cells, providing an additional mechanism by which galectin-1 can dampen immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thiemann
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Jeanette H Man
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Margaret H Chang
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and
| | - Benhur Lee
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and the Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Linda G Baum
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
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Abstract
Galectins are an evolutionarily ancient family of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and are found in all animals. Although they were discovered over 30 years ago, ideas about their biological functions continue to evolve. Current evidence indicates that galectins, which are the only known GBPs that occur free in the cytoplasm and extracellularly, are involved in a variety of intracellular and extracellular pathways contributing to homeostasis, cellular turnover, cell adhesion, and immunity. Here we review evolving insights into galectin biology from a historical perspective and explore current evidence regarding biological roles of galectins.
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31
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Straetemans T, Berrevoets C, Coccoris M, Treffers-Westerlaken E, Wijers R, Cole DK, Dardalhon V, Sewell AK, Taylor N, Verweij J, Debets R. Recurrence of melanoma following T cell treatment: continued antigen expression in a tumor that evades T cell recruitment. Mol Ther 2014; 23:396-406. [PMID: 25363716 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical therapy with T cells shows promise for cancer patients, but is currently challenged by incomplete responses and tumor relapse. The exact mechanisms that contribute to tumor relapse remain largely unclear. Here, we treated mouse melanomas with T cell receptor-engineered T cells directed against a human peptide-major histocompatibility complex antigen in immune-competent mice. T cells resulted in significant tumor regression, which was followed by relapse in about 80-90% of mice. Molecular analysis revealed that relapsed tumors harbored nonmutated antigen genes, not silenced by promoter methylation, and functionally expressed surface antigen at levels equal to nontreated tumors. Relapsed tumors resisted a second in vivo T cell treatment, but regained sensitivity to T cell treatment upon retransplantation in mice. Notably, relapsed tumors demonstrated decreased levels of CD8 T cells and monocytes, which were substantiated by downregulated expression of chemoattractants and adhesion molecules. These observations were confirmed when using T cells specific for a less immunogenic, endogenous mouse melanoma antigen. We conclude that tumors, when exposed to T cell treatment, can relapse without loss of antigen and develop a milieu that evades recruitment of effector CD8 T cells. Our findings support the concept to target the tumor milieu to aid T cell therapy in limiting tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Straetemans
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Berrevoets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Coccoris
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elike Treffers-Westerlaken
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Wijers
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David K Cole
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Valerie Dardalhon
- Institute de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institute de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jaap Verweij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Wright RD, Cooper D. Glycobiology of leukocyte trafficking in inflammation. Glycobiology 2014; 24:1242-51. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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33
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Cash JL, Norling LV, Perretti M. Resolution of inflammation: targeting GPCRs that interact with lipids and peptides. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1186-92. [PMID: 24993159 PMCID: PMC4154450 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation of the important role of resolution mediators in the successful termination of the inflammatory response. Here, we discuss the potential importance of the lipid and peptide proresolving mediators, in particular the resolvins and chemerin-derived peptides, which mediate their effects through specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Cash
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lucy V Norling
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Gordon-Alonso M, Demotte N, van der Bruggen P. Sugars boost exhausted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by counteracting immunosuppressive activities of galectins. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e28783. [PMID: 25097806 PMCID: PMC4091051 DOI: 10.4161/onci.28783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins released by tumor cells and macrophages can bind surface glycoproteins of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), forming glycoprotein-galectin lattices with immunosuppressive activities. Specifically, TILs covered by galectin-3 are unable to secrete cytokines after stimulation. Treating TILs ex vivo with galectin antagonists for a few hours boosts their functions. Several galectin antagonists are currently available for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gordon-Alonso
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels; WELBIO; and de Duve Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Demotte
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels; WELBIO; and de Duve Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre van der Bruggen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels; WELBIO; and de Duve Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
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Blanchard H, Bum-Erdene K, Hugo MW. Inhibitors of Galectins and Implications for Structure-Based Design of Galectin-Specific Therapeutics. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of galactoside-specific lectins that are involved in a myriad of metabolic and disease processes. Due to roles in cancer and inflammatory and heart diseases, galectins are attractive targets for drug development. Over the last two decades, various strategies have been used to inhibit galectins, including polysaccharide-based therapeutics, multivalent display of saccharides, peptides, peptidomimetics, and saccharide-modifications. Primarily due to galectin carbohydrate binding sites having high sequence identities, the design and development of selective inhibitors targeting particular galectins, thereby addressing specific disease states, is challenging. Furthermore, the use of different inhibition assays by research groups has hindered systematic assessment of the relative selectivity and affinity of inhibitors. This review summarises the status of current inhibitors, strategies, and novel scaffolds that exploit subtle differences in galectin structures that, in conjunction with increasing available data on multiple galectins, is enabling the feasible design of effective and specific inhibitors of galectins.
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Mishra BB, Li Q, Steichen AL, Binstock BJ, Metzger DW, Teale JM, Sharma J. Galectin-3 functions as an alarmin: pathogenic role for sepsis development in murine respiratory tularemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59616. [PMID: 23527230 PMCID: PMC3603908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex immune disorder with a mortality rate of 20–50% and currently has no therapeutic interventions. It is thus critical to identify and characterize molecules/factors responsible for its development. We have recently shown that pulmonary infection with Francisella results in sepsis development. As extensive cell death is a prominent feature of sepsis, we hypothesized that host endogenous molecules called alarmins released from dead or dying host cells cause a hyperinflammatory response culminating in sepsis development. In the current study we investigated the role of galectin-3, a mammalian β-galactoside binding lectin, as an alarmin in sepsis development during F. novicida infection. We observed an upregulated expression and extracellular release of galectin-3 in the lungs of mice undergoing lethal pulmonary infection with virulent strain of F. novicida but not in those infected with a non-lethal, attenuated strain of the bacteria. In comparison with their wild-type C57Bl/6 counterparts, F. novicida infected galectin-3 deficient (galectin-3−/−) mice demonstrated significantly reduced leukocyte infiltration, particularly neutrophils in their lungs. They also exhibited a marked decrease in inflammatory cytokines, vascular injury markers, and neutrophil-associated inflammatory mediators. Concomitantly, in-vitro pre-treatment of primary neutrophils and macrophages with recombinant galectin-3 augmented F. novicida-induced activation of these cells. Correlating with the reduced inflammatory response, F. novicida infected galectin-3−/− mice exhibited improved lung architecture with reduced cell death and improved survival over wild-type mice, despite similar bacterial burden. Collectively, these findings suggest that galectin-3 functions as an alarmin by augmenting the inflammatory response in sepsis development during pulmonary F. novicida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti B. Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Qun Li
- South Texas Center for Emerging Diseases and Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anthony L. Steichen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Brandilyn J. Binstock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | | | - Judy M. Teale
- South Texas Center for Emerging Diseases and Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jyotika Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Scott DW, Patel RP. Endothelial heterogeneity and adhesion molecules N-glycosylation: implications in leukocyte trafficking in inflammation. Glycobiology 2013; 23:622-33. [PMID: 23445551 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a major contributing element to a host of diseases with the interaction between leukocytes and the endothelium being key in this process. Much is understood about the nature of the adhesion molecule proteins expressed on any given leukocyte and endothelial cell that modulates adhesive interactions. Although it is appreciated that these proteins are heavily glycosylated, relatively little is known about the roles of these posttranslational modifications and whether they are regulated, and if so how during inflammation. Herein, we suggest that a paucity in this understanding is one major reason for the lack of successful therapies to date for modulating leukocyte-endothelial interactions in human inflammatory disease and discuss developing paradigms of (i) how endothelial adhesion molecule glycosylation (with a focus on N-glycosylation) maybe a critical element in understanding endothelial heterogeneity between different vascular beds and species, (ii) how adhesion molecule N-glycosylation may be under distinct, and as yet, unknown modes of regulation during inflammatory stress to affect the inflammatory response in a vascular bed- and disease-specific manner (analogous to a "zip code" for inflammation) and finally (iii) to underscore the concept that a fuller appreciation of the role of adhesion molecule glycoforms is needed to provide foundations for disease and tissue-specific targeting of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Scott
- Department of Pathology, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th St. South, BMRII 532, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Dragomir ACD, Sun R, Choi H, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Role of galectin-3 in classical and alternative macrophage activation in the liver following acetaminophen intoxication. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5934-41. [PMID: 23175698 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory macrophages have been implicated in hepatotoxicity induced by the analgesic acetaminophen (APAP). In these studies, we characterized the phenotype of macrophages accumulating in the liver following APAP intoxication and evaluated the role of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in macrophage activation. Administration of APAP (300 mg/kg, i.p.) to wild-type mice resulted in the appearance of two distinct subpopulations of CD11b(+) cells in the liver, which expressed high or low levels of the monocyte/macrophage activation marker Ly6C. Whereas CD11b(+)/Ly6C(hi) macrophages exhibited a classically activated proinflammatory phenotype characterized by increased expression of TNF-α, inducible NO synthase, and CCR2, CD11b(+)/Ly6C(lo) macrophages were alternatively activated, expressing high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. APAP intoxication was also associated with an accumulation of Gal-3(+) macrophages in the liver; the majority of these cells were Ly6C(hi). APAP-induced increases in CD11b(+)/Ly6C(hi) macrophages were significantly reduced in Gal-3(-/-) mice. This reduction was evident 72 h post APAP and was correlated with decreased expression of the classical macrophage activation markers, inducible NO synthase, IL-12, and TNF-α, as well as the proinflammatory chemokines CCL2 and CCL3, and chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR2. Conversely, numbers of CD11b(+)/Ly6C(lo) macrophages increased in livers of APAP-treated Gal-3(-/-) mice; this was associated with increased expression of the alternative macrophage activation markers Ym1 and Fizz1, increased liver repair, and reduced hepatotoxicity. These data demonstrate that both classically and alternatively activated macrophages accumulate in the liver following APAP intoxication; moreover, Gal-3 plays a role in promoting a persistent proinflammatory macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Cristina Docan Dragomir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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