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Yousefi Rad A, Rastegari AA, Shahanipour K, Monajemi R. Moringa oleifera and Its Biochemical Compounds: Potential Multi-targeted Therapeutic Agents Against COVID-19 and Associated Cancer Progression. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10758-w. [PMID: 38583096 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global concern, with updated pharmacological therapeutic strategies needed. Cancer patients have been found to be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 and death, and COVID-19 can also lead to cancer progression. Traditional medicinal plants have long been used as anti-infection and anti-inflammatory agents, and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is one such plant containing natural products such as kaempferol, quercetin, and hesperetin, which can reduce inflammatory responses and complications associated with viral infections and multiple cancers. This review article explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of M. oleifera as an anti-COVID-19 and anti-inflammatory agent, and its potential role in reducing the risk of cancer progression in cancer patients with COVID-19. The article discusses the ability of M. oleifera to modulate NF-κB, MAPK, mTOR, NLRP3 inflammasome, and other inflammatory pathways, as well as the polyphenols and flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol, that contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. Overall, this review highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of M. oleifera in addressing COVID-19 and associated cancer progression. However, further investigations are necessary to fully understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of M. oleifera and its natural products as anti-inflammatory, anti-COVID-19, and anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yousefi Rad
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Rastegari
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Esfahan, Iran.
| | - Kahin Shahanipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Ramesh Monajemi
- Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Esfahan, Iran
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Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Gaweł-Bęben K, Rutka A, Blicharska E, Tatarczak-Michalewska M, Kulik-Siarek K, Kukula-Koch W, Malinowska MA, Szopa A. Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree)-nutraceutical, cosmetological and medicinal importance: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1288382. [PMID: 38370483 PMCID: PMC10869624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1288382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is a species of tree with an increasing utility, occurring naturally mainly in Pakistan and northern India. M. oleifera is currently cultivated in Africa, South America, Asia and the Middle East. The usage of its leaves, seed oil, bark, fruits, flowers and roots has positive opinions of FDA (American Food and Drug Administration), EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and CosIng (Cosmetic Ingredients database). The chemical composition of M. oleifera is dominated by: proteins (consisting mainly of amino acids such as arginine or serine), fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6), vitamins (vitamin A, B and C and tocopherols), mineral salts (including several bioelements, such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium), valuable polyphenolic compounds from the group of phenolic acids (e.g., gallic acid, ferulic acid) and flavonoids (e.g., myricetin, rutoside, and kaempferol). The raw materials show antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Dietary supplements and alimentary products containing M. oleifera are recommended as health-promoting and "novel food" preparations. The main purpose of this work was a review of the latest scientific literature on M. oleifera, with particular emphasis on the studies focusing on its chemical composition, biological activity and safety. Moreover, the review tends to discuss the results of biotechnological studies using this material and the agronomical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Angelika Rutka
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tatarczak-Michalewska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulik-Siarek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Anna Malinowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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de Oliveira dos Santos AM, Duarte AE, Costa AR, da Silva AA, Rohde C, Silva DG, de Amorim ÉM, da Cruz Santos MH, Pereira MG, Deprá M, de Santana SL, da Silva Valente VL, Teixeira CS. Canavalia ensiformis lectin induced oxidative stress mediate both toxicity and genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2823-2832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Impact of Moringa oleifera Seed-Derived Coagulants Processing Steps on Physicochemical, Residual Organic, and Cytotoxicity Properties of Treated Water. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14132058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the application of whole and defatted Moringa oleifera seed-derived coagulants in powder (P-MOS and DP-MOS), aqueous extraction (AEP-MOS and AEDP-MOS), and saline extraction (SEP-MOS and SEDP-MOS) in the treatment of a synthetic turbid water by coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation in a jar test apparatus. The performance of M. oleifera seed-derived coagulants was quantified and compared with alum in terms of the ability to neutralize and restabilize the suspension charge, turbidity removal, effect on pH and electrical conductivity, residual organic matter, as well as cytotoxicity in the treated water. All evaluated forms of M. oleifera seed-derived coagulants were able to neutralize and restabilize (in overdose) the particles charges in the suspension. Saline extractions obtained the best turbidity removal results (90%) between the M. oleifera seed-derived coagulants, while alum removed 98% of turbidity. Differently from alum, increased dosage of M. oleifera seed-derived coagulants did not change pH value. Saline extractions and, to a lesser extent, alum increased the electrical conductivity with increasing coagulant dosage. M. oleifera seed-derived coagulants increased residual organic matter (DOC), unlike alum, which did not change this property with increasing dosage. Saline extractions at high dosages enhanced the cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. On the other hand, defatted seeds reduced water cytotoxicity when compared to whole seeds. Despite not being able to reduce the residual organic matter, the previous oil extraction proved to be an important step in the processing of M. oleifera seed-derived coagulants, not changing the turbidity removal capacity and reducing the cytotoxicity of the treated water in addition to generating a significant by-product (Ben oil). Although saline extractions have shown the best turbidity removal results, they should be used with caution due to increased electrical conductivity and cytotoxicity of the treated water at high dosages.
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Genotoxicity Comparison between Morinda citrifolia Fruit and Seed Substances. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121773. [PMID: 35741971 PMCID: PMC9222936 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of the fruit and seed powder, fruit puree, and aqueous extracts of Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae, noni). The genotoxic potential of the noni substances was evaluated using in vitro Ames, in vitro chromosomal aberration, and in vivo micronucleus tests. All test procedures were conducted per Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines, and good laboratory practice. None of the noni fruit test substances showed genotoxic signs up to 5000 and 2000 μg/plate in the Ames and micronucleus tests, respectively. In the chromosomal aberration test, neither the fruit puree nor aqueous extract showed structural and numerical aberrations up to 5000 and 4650 μg/mL, respectively, irrespective of metabolic activation, in both 6 h and 24 h treatment groups. The safe ranges of noni fruit and seed powders were up to 2500 and 2100 μg/mL, respectively, in the 6 h treatment group and up to 1600–4100 and 370–450 μg/mL, respectively, in both 6 h and 24 h treatment groups in the presence of metabolic activation. Noni fruit and seeds were safe in terms of genotoxicity under our experimental conditions. Our data are the first to provide valuable genotoxic information on Morinda citrifolia.
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Liu R, Liu J, Huang Q, Liu S, Jiang Y. Moringa oleifera: a systematic review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:296-320. [PMID: 34718669 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) Lam (Moringaceae) is a perennial plant broadly used in South Asia and Africa as a traditional folk medicine to treat many ailments such as paralysis, helminthiasis, sores and skin infections. The review provides a critical and comprehensive evaluation of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, agricultural economy and dietary benefit of M. oleifera and its future perspectives. KEY FINDINGS In this review, the entire plant of M. oleifera, containing diverse phytochemicals, is summarized. The 163 chemical components, included flavonoids, carbamates, glucosinolates, phenols, and so on with various bioactivities, such as anti-tumour, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and so on. Additionally, M. oleifera is toxic at certain doses; and overuse can cause genotoxicity. SUMMARY Although M. oleifera has been widely used in traditional medicine, the pharmacological studies that have been conducted so far are not sufficient for its use in the setting of evidence-based medicine. Little relevant data from clinical trials of M. oleifera have been reported. The majority of studies of its constituents, such as carbamates and glucosinolates, have been conducted only in vitro. Owing to a lack of available data, the pharmacology, toxicity, agricultural economy and dietary benefit of its constituents and extracts require further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Valadez-Vega C, Lugo-Magaña O, Morales-González JA, Delgado-Olivares L, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, López-Contreras L, Bautista M, Velázquez-González C. Phytochemical, cytotoxic, and genotoxic evaluation of protein extract of Amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2021.1971771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Valadez-Vega
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Olivia Lugo-Magaña
- Escuela Preparatoria número 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, México
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico nacional, México, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, México City, México
| | - Luis Delgado-Olivares
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Jeannett A. Izquierdo-Vega
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Luilli López-Contreras
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Mirandeli Bautista
- Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Claudia Velázquez-González
- Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
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Bakare AA, Akpofure A, Gbadebo AM, Fagbenro OS, Oyeyemi IT. Aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. induced mitodepression and chromosomal aberration in Allium cepa, and reproductive genotoxicity in male mice. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dantas FGDS, Castilho PFD, Almeida-Apolonio AAD, Araújo RPD, Oliveira KMPD. Mutagenic potential of medicinal plants evaluated by the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay: A systematic review. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108338. [PMID: 33339578 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Ames test has become one of the most commonly used tests to assess the mutagenic potential of medicinal plants since they have several biological activities and thus have been used in traditional medicine and in the pharmaceutical industry as a source of raw materials. Accordingly, this review aims to report previous use of the Ames test to evaluate the mutagenic potential of medicinal plants. A database was constructed by curating literature identified by a search on the electronic databases Medline (via Pubmed), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1975 to April 2020, using the following terms: "genotoxicity tests" OR "mutagenicity tests" OR "Ames test" AND "medicinal plants." From the research, 239 articles were selected, including studies of 478 species distributed across 111 botanical families, with Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Lamiaceae being the most frequent. It was identified that 388 species were non-mutagenic. Of these, 21% (83/388) showed antimutagenic potential, most notable in the Lamiaceae family. The results also indicate that 18% (90/478) of the species were mutagenic, of which 54% were mutagenic in the presence and absence of S9. Strains TA98 and TA100 showed a sensitivity of 93% in detecting plant extracts with mutagenic potential. However, the reliability of many reviewed studies regarding the botanical extracts may be questioned due to technical issues, such as testing being performed only in the presence or absence of S9, use of maximum doses below 5 mg/plate and lack of information on the cytotoxicity of tested doses. These methodological aspects additionally demonstrated that a discussion about the doses used in research on mixtures, such as the ones assessed with botanical extracts and the most sensitive strains employed to detect the mutagenic potential, should be included in a possible update of the guidelines designed by the regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Gomes da Silva Dantas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Pires de Araújo
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Medeiros MLS, Alves RRV, Oliveira BF, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG, Coelho LCBB, Bezerra ACDS, Silva MDC. In vitro effects of Moringa oleifera seed lectins on Haemonchus contortus in larval and adult stages. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:108004. [PMID: 32961172 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is a hematophagous parasite causing damage to the production of ruminant animals throughout the world. This study evaluated the in vitro effect of proteins from Moringa oleifera (WSMoL - Water Soluble M. oleifera Lectin and cMoL - coagulant M. oleifera Lectin) on the motility of infective larvae and adult male and female worms of H. contortus. The specific activity of total proteases and the morphology of the worms exposed to the lectins were observed. Both lectins inhibited motility of all parasite stages tested. WSMoL and cMoL at 500 μg mL-1 interfered in the motility of larvae. Values of 11.1% and 8.1% were the lowest motility indices of larvae with sheath, and 30.6% and 16.4% were the lowest motility indices of exsheathed larvae treated with WSMoL and cMoL, respectively. In 1 mg mL-1 solutions of WSMoL and of cMoL, the motility index of adult male worms was 23.3% (p < 0.001) and 20% (p < 0.001), while the motility index of adult female worms was 63.3% (p > 0.05) and 26.6% (p < 0.001), respectively. Greater proteolytic activity was detected in extracts obtained from adult worms, male and female, after incubation with the lectins. Morphological changes caused by the lectins were revealed by changes in the crests of the cuticle, in the longitudinal striations and at the vulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário L S Medeiros
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua Atirador Miguel Antônio da Silva Neto, S/n, Aeroporto, 59607-360, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Robson R V Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Benny F Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M G Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luana C B B Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana C D S Bezerra
- Departamento de Biociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Michele D C Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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Kim Y, Jaja-Chimedza A, Merrill D, Mendes O, Raskin I. A 14-day repeated-dose oral toxicological evaluation of an isothiocyanate-enriched hydro-alcoholic extract from Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds in rats. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:418-426. [PMID: 29854612 PMCID: PMC5977371 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-d short-term oral toxicity study in rats evaluated the safety of moringa isothiocyanate-1 (MIC-1)-enriched hydro-alcoholic moringa seeds extract (MSE). Rats (5 males/5 females per group) were gavaged daily for 14 d with the vehicle control or MSE, at 78 (low), 257 (mid-low), 772 (mid-high), or 2571 (high) mg/kg bw/d, standardized to MIC-1 (30, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg bw/d, respectively). Toxicological endpoints included body weight and weight gain, food consumption and feed efficiency, clinical observations, hematology, gross necropsy and histopathology, and relative organ weights. Mortality was only observed in the high dose group animals, both male and female, representing decreases in body weight/weight gain and food consumption/feed efficiency. Irregular respiratory patterns and piloerection were major clinical observations found primarily in the mid-high and high dose group animals. In the high dose group, gastrointestinal distention and stomach discoloration were observed in non-surviving males and females, and degeneration and necrosis of the testicular germinal cells and epididymal cells were also observed in a non-surviving male. Increased liver weights were found in females in the mid-high and high dose groups. Animals in the low and mid-low groups did not exhibit adverse effects of MSE (100 mg/kg bw/d MIC-1). A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of the standardized MSE was determined as 257 mg/kg bw/d providing 100 mg/kg bw/d MIC-1.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- GLP, good laboratory practice
- ITC, isothiocyanate
- MIC-1, moringa isothiocyanate-1
- MICs, moringa isothiocyanates
- MSE, moringa seed extract
- Moringa isothiocyanates
- Moringa oleifera Lam.
- Moringa seeds
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOAEL, no observed adverse effect level
- No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PEITC, phenethyl isothiocyanate
- SD, standard deviation
- Toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Kim
- Nutrasorb, LLC., NJ, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - Asha Jaja-Chimedza
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA
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Moura M, Trentin D, Napoleão T, Primon-Barros M, Xavier A, Carneiro N, Paiva P, Macedo A, Coelho L. Multi-effect of the water-solubleMoringa oleiferalectin againstSerratia marcescensandBacillussp.: antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-adhesive properties. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:861-874. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Moura
- Departamento de Bioquímica; CCB; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - D.S. Trentin
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - T.H. Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica; CCB; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - M. Primon-Barros
- Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - A.S. Xavier
- Embrapa Maize and Sorghum; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária; Sete Lagoas Brazil
| | - N.P. Carneiro
- Embrapa Maize and Sorghum; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária; Sete Lagoas Brazil
| | - P.M.G. Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica; CCB; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - A.J. Macedo
- Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - L.C.B.B. Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica; CCB; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
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Abd Wahid MA, Megat Mohd Noor MJ, Goto M, Sugiura N, Othman N, Zakaria Z, Ahmad Mohammed T, Jusoh A, Hara H. Recombinant protein expression of Moringa oleifera lectin in methylotrophic yeast as active coagulant for sustainable high turbid water treatment. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1642-1649. [PMID: 28585494 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1329617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The natural coagulant Moringa oleifera lectin (MoL) as cationic protein is a promising candidate in coagulation process of water treatment plant. Introducing the gene encoding MoL into a host, Pichia pastoris, to secrete soluble recombinant protein is assessed in this study. Initial screening using PCR confirmed the insertion of MoL gene, and SDS-PAGE analysis detected the MoL protein at 8 kDa. Cultured optimization showed the highest MoL protein at 520 mg/L was observed at 28 °C for 144 h of culturing by induction in 1% methanol. Approximately, 0.40 mg/mL of recombinant MoL protein showed 95 ± 2% turbidity removal of 1% kaolin suspension. In 0.1% kaolin suspension, the concentration of MoL at 10 μg/mL exhibits the highest turbidity reduction at 68 ± 1%. Thus, recombinant MoL protein from P. pastoris is an effective coagulant for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Azhar Abd Wahid
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology , Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Megat Johari Megat Mohd Noor
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology , Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Masafumi Goto
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology , Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Norio Sugiura
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology , Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.,b Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Nor'azizi Othman
- c Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering , Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Zuriati Zakaria
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology , Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmad Jusoh
- e Department of Ocean Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Terengganu , Kuala Terengganu , Malaysia
| | - Hirofumi Hara
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology , Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Freitas JHES, de Santana KV, do Nascimento ACC, de Paiva SC, de Moura MC, Coelho LCBB, de Oliveira MBM, Paiva PMG, do Nascimento AE, Napoleão TH. Evaluation of using aluminum sulfate and water-soluble Moringa oleifera seed lectin to reduce turbidity and toxicity of polluted stream water. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:133-141. [PMID: 27526060 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum salts are used as coagulants in water treatment; however, the exposure to residual aluminum has been associated with human brain lesions. The water-soluble Moringa oleifera lectin (WSMoL), which is extracted with distilled water and isolated by chitin chromatography, has coagulant activity and is able to reduce the concentration of metal ions in aqueous solutions. This study evaluated the potential of using aluminum sulfate and WSMoL to reduce the turbidity and toxicity of water from the Cavouco stream located in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The water sample used (called P1) was collected from the stream source, which was found to be strongly polluted based on physicochemical and water quality analyses, as well as ecotoxicity assays with Artemia salina and seeds of Eruca sativa and Lactuca sativa. The assays combining WSMoL and aluminum sulfate were more efficient than those that used these agents separately. Furthermore, the greatest reduction in turbidity (96.8%) was obtained with the treatment using aluminum sulfate followed by WSMoL, compared to when they were applied simultaneously (91.3%). In addition, aluminum sulfate followed by WSMoL treatment resulted in residual aluminum concentration (0.3 mg/L) that was much lower than that recorded after the treatment using only the salt (35.5 mg/L). The ecotoxicity of P1 was also strongly reduced after the treatments. In summary, the combined use of aluminum sulfate and WSMoL was efficient in promoting a strong reduction of turbidity and ecotoxicity of a polluted water sample, without resulting in a high residual aluminum concentration at the conclusion of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Henrique Edmilson Souza Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Ambientais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 50050-590, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Keissy Vanderley de Santana
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Ambientais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 50050-590, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Carvalho de Paiva
- Laboratório de Análises Químicas, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 50050-590, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maiara Celine de Moura
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Aline Elesbão do Nascimento
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Ambientais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 50050-590, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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A simplified method for the purification of an intrinsically disordered coagulant protein from defatted Moringa oleifera seeds. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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de Moura KS, da Silva HRC, Dornelles LP, Coelho LCBB, Napoleão TH, de Oliveira MDL, Paiva PMG. Coagulant Activity of Water-Soluble Moringa oleifera Lectin Is Linked to Lowering of Electrical Resistance and Inhibited by Monosaccharides and Magnesium Ions. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1361-1371. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sponchiado G, Adam ML, Silva CD, Soley BS, de Mello-Sampayo C, Cabrini DA, Correr CJ, Otuki MF. Quantitative genotoxicity assays for analysis of medicinal plants: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:289-296. [PMID: 26680588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are known to contain numerous biologically active compounds, and although they have proven pharmacological properties, they can cause harm, including DNA damage. AIM OF THE STUDY Review the literature to evaluate the genotoxicity risk of medicinal plants, explore the genotoxicity assays most used and compare these to the current legal requirements. MATERIAL AND METHODS A quantitative systematic review of the literature, using the keywords "medicinal plants", "genotoxicity" and "mutagenicity", was undertakenQ to identify the types of assays most used to assess genotoxicity, and to evaluate the genotoxicity potential of medicinal plant extracts. RESULTS The database searches retrieved 2289 records, 458 of which met the inclusion criteria. Evaluation of the selected articles showed a total of 24 different assays used for an assessment of medicinal plant extract genotoxicity. More than a quarter of those studies (28.4%) reported positive results for genotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that a range of genotoxicity assay methods are used to evaluate the genotoxicity potential of medicinal plant extracts. The most used methods are those recommended by regulatory agencies. However, based on the current findings, in order to conduct a thorough study concerning the possible genotoxic effects of a medicinal plant, we indicate that it is important always to include bacterial and mammalian tests, with at least one in vivo assay. Also, these tests should be capable of detecting outcomes that include mutation induction, clastogenic and aneugenic effects, and structural chromosome abnormalities. In addition, the considerable rate of positive results detected in this analysis further supports the relevance of assessing the genotoxicity potential of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Sponchiado
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Dadalt Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Silva Soley
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Almeida Cabrini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Fleith Otuki
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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Pinto CEM, Farias DF, Carvalho AFU, Oliveira JTA, Pereira ML, Grangeiro TB, Freire JEC, Viana DA, Vasconcelos IM. Food safety assessment of an antifungal protein from Moringa oleifera seeds in an agricultural biotechnology perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:1-9. [PMID: 26032632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mo-CBP3 is an antifungal protein produced by Moringa oleifera which has been investigated as potential candidate for developing transgenic crops. Before the use of novel proteins, food safety tests must be conducted. This work represents an early food safety assessment of Mo-CBP3, using the two-tiered approach proposed by ILSI. The history of safe use, mode of action and results for amino acid sequence homology using the full-length and short contiguous amino acids sequences indicate low risk associated to this protein. Mo-CBP3 isoforms presented a reasonable number of alignments (>35% identity) with allergens in a window of 80 amino acids. This protein was resistant to pepsin degradation up to 2 h, but it was susceptible to digestion using pancreatin. Many positive attributes were presented for Mo-CBP3. However, this protein showed high sequence homology with allergens and resistance to pepsin digestion that indicates that further hypothesis-based testing on its potential allergenicity must be done. Additionally, animal toxicity evaluations (e.g. acute and repeated dose oral exposure assays) must be performed to meet the mandatory requirements of several regulatory agencies. Finally, the approach adopted here exemplified the importance of performing an early risk assessment of candidate proteins for use in plant transformation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clidia E M Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Davi F Farias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Ana F U Carvalho
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José T A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mirella L Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thalles B Grangeiro
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José E C Freire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Viana
- State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-903, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ilka M Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Stohs SJ, Hartman MJ. Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Moringa oleifera. Phytother Res 2015; 29:796-804. [PMID: 25808883 PMCID: PMC6680322 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaves, seeds, bark, roots, sap, and flowers are widely used in traditional medicine, and the leaves and immature seed pods are used as food products in human nutrition. Leaf extracts exhibit the greatest antioxidant activity, and various safety studies in animals involving aqueous leaf extracts indicate a high degree of safety. No adverse effects were reported in association with human studies. Five human studies using powdered whole leaf preparations of M. oleifera have been published, which have demonstrated anti‐hyperglycemic (antidiabetic) and anti‐dyslipidemic activities. These activities have been confirmed using extracts as well as leaf powders in animal studies. A rapidly growing number of published studies have shown that aqueous, hydroalcohol, or alcohol extracts of M. oleifera leaves possess a wide range of additional biological activities including antioxidant, tissue protective (liver, kidneys, heart, testes, and lungs), analgesic, antiulcer, antihypertensive, radioprotective, and immunomodulatory actions. A wide variety of polyphenols and phenolic acids as well as flavonoids, glucosinolates, and possibly alkaloids is believed to be responsible for the observed effects. Standardization of products is an issue. However, the results of published studies to date involving M. oleifera are very promising. Additional human studies using standardized extracts are highly desirable. © 2015 The Authors Phytotherapy Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Arcoverde JHV, Carvalho ADS, Neves FPDA, Dionízio BP, Pontual EV, Paiva PMG, Napoleão TH, Correia MTDS, da Silva MV, Carneiro-da-Cunha MDG. Screening of Caatinga plants as sources of lectins and trypsin inhibitors. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1297-301. [PMID: 24670137 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.900497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although it is one of the most threatened areas in the Earth, there are few studies on the biotechnological potential of the Caatinga. This work evaluated 36 extracts from 27 Caatinga plants for lectin and trypsin inhibitor activities. The presence of lectin was detected in 77.7% of samples by haemagglutinating assay. The highest values of specific haemagglutinating activity were found in extracts of leaves from Mimosa lewesii, Bauhinia acuruana and Manilkara rufula and in branches from Myracrodruon urundeuva. Trypsin inhibitor activity was detected in 63.9% of the tested extracts, strong inhibitory effect (>70%) being found in 11 samples. This work demonstrates that Caatinga is a potential source of bioactive plant proteins that can be isolated and studied for several applications. The biochemical prospecting of Caatinga is essential for collection of bioactive principles so as to add conservation value to the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Hélton Vasconcelos Arcoverde
- a Departamento de Bioquímica , CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária , 50670-420 Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
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Araújo LCC, Aguiar JS, Napoleão TH, Mota FVB, Barros ALS, Moura MC, Coriolano M, Coelho LCBB, Silva TG, Paiva PMG. Evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts and lectins from Moringa oleifera seeds. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81973. [PMID: 24349164 PMCID: PMC3857229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The extract from Moringa oleifera seeds is used worldwide, especially in rural areas of developing countries, to treat drinking water. M. oleifera seeds contain the lectins cmol and WSMoL, which are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are able to reduce water turbidity because of their coagulant activity. Studies investigating the ability of natural products to damage normal cells are essential for the safe use of these substances. This study evaluated the cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous seed extract, the extract used by population to treat water (named diluted seed extract in this work), and the isolated lectins cmol and WSMoL. Methodology/Principal Findings The data showed that the aqueous seed extract and cmol were potentially cytotoxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while WSMoL and diluted seed extract were not cytotoxic. The M. oleifera aqueous seed extract and the lectins cmol and WSMoL were weakly/moderately cytotoxic to the NCI-H292, HT-29 and HEp-2 cancer cell lines and were not hemolytic to murine erythrocytes. Evaluation of acute toxicity in mice revealed that the aqueous seed extract (2.000 mg/kg) did not cause systemic toxicity. The aqueous seed extract, cmol and WSMoL (6.25 µg/mL) and diluted seed extract at 50 µg/mL exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on lipopolyssaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages by regulating the production of nitric oxide, TNF-α and IL-1β. The aqueous seed extract reduced leukocyte migration in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy; the myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were similarly reduced. Histological analysis of the lungs showed that the extract reduced the number of leukocytes. Conclusion/Significance This study shows that the extract prepared according to folk use and WSMoL may be non-toxic to mammalian cells; however, the aqueous seed extract and cmol may be cytotoxic to immune cells which may explain the immunosuppressive potential of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Cardoso Corrêa Araújo
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaciana Santos Aguiar
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Virgínia Barreto Mota
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Souza Barros
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maiara Celine Moura
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marília Cavalcanti Coriolano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Teresinha Gonçalves Silva
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Effect of Moringa oleifera lectins on survival and enzyme activities of Aedes aegypti larvae susceptible and resistant to organophosphate. Parasitol Res 2013; 113:175-84. [PMID: 24142287 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides to control Aedes aegypti has led to emergence of resistant populations. Moringa oleifera seeds contain the lectins WSMoL and cMoL. WSMoL has larvicidal activity on fourth-stage of A. aegypti organophosphate-susceptible larvae (Rockefeller L4). This study reports on the effects of cMoL on the survival of Rockefeller L4 as well as of WSMoL and cMoL on L4 from an organophosphate-resistant population (Rec-R). The effects of lectins on digestive (amylase, trypsin, and protease) and detoxifying (superoxide dismutase (SOD), α- and β-esterases) enzymes from larvae were also determined. cMoL (0.1-0.8 mg/ml) did not kill Rockefeller L4 as well as WSMoL and cMoL (0.1-0.8 mg/ml) were not larvicidal for Rec-R L4. WSMoL stimulated protease, trypsin-like, and α-amylase from Rockefeller L4 while cMoL inhibited these enzymes. WSMoL had no effect on trypsin-like activity from Rec-R L4 but inhibited protease and α-amylase. Among digestive enzymes of Rec-R L4, cMoL inhibited only trypsin-like activity. cMoL inhibited SOD activities from Rockefeller and Rec-R L4 in a higher level than WSMoL while β-esterase from Rockefeller L4 was more inhibited by WSMoL. The lectins promoted low stimulation or inhibition of α-esterase activities from both populations. In conclusion, Rockefeller and Rec-R larvae were distinctly affected by M. oleifera lectins, and larvicidal mechanism of WSMoL on Rockefeller L4 may involve deregulation of digestive enzymes. cMoL interfered mainly on SOD activity and thus it can be investigated as a synergistic agent for controlling populations whose resistance is linked to an increased detoxifying process mediated by this enzyme.
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Santos NDDL, de Moura KS, Napoleão TH, Santos GKN, Coelho LCBB, Navarro DMDAF, Paiva PMG. Oviposition-stimulant and ovicidal activities of Moringa oleifera lectin on Aedes aegypti. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44840. [PMID: 22970317 PMCID: PMC3435276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural insecticides against the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti have been the object of research due to their high level of eco-safety. The water-soluble Moringa oleifera lectin (WSMoL) is a larvicidal agent against A. aegypti. This work reports the effects of WSMoL on oviposition and egg hatching of A. aegypti. Methodology/Principal Findings WSMoL crude preparations (seed extract and 0–60 protein fraction), at 0.1 mg/mL protein concentration, did not affect oviposition, while A. aegypti gravid females laid their eggs preferentially (73%) in vessels containing isolated WSMoL (0.1 mg/mL), compared with vessels containing only distilled water (control). Volatile compounds were not detected in WSMoL preparation. The hatchability of fresh eggs deposited in the solutions in the oviposition assay was evaluated. The numbers of hatched larvae in seed extract, 0–60 protein fraction and WSMoL were 45±8.7 %, 20±11 % and 55±7.5 %, respectively, significantly (p<0.05) lower than in controls containing only distilled water (75–95%). Embryos were visualized inside fresh control eggs, but not within eggs that were laid and maintained in WSMoL solution. Ovicidal activity was also assessed using stored A. aegypti eggs. The protein concentrations able to reduce the hatching rate by 50% (EC50) were 0.32, 0.16 and 0.1 mg/mL for seed extract, 0–60 protein fraction and WSMoL, respectively. The absence of hatching of stored eggs treated with WSMoL at 0.3 mg/mL (EC99) after transfer to medium without lectin indicates that embryos within the eggs were killed by WSMoL. The reduction in hatching rate of A. aegypti was not linked to decrease in bacteria population. Conclusions/Significance WSMoL acted both as a chemical stimulant cue for ovipositing females and ovicidal agent at a given concentration. The oviposition-stimulant and ovicidal activities, combined with the previously reported larvicidal activity, make WSMoL a very interesting candidate in integrated A. aegypti control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Diniz de Lima Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Ferreira R, Napoleão T, Santos A, Sá R, Carneiro-da-Cunha M, Morais M, Silva-Lucca R, Oliva M, Coelho L, Paiva P. Coagulant and antibacterial activities of the water-soluble seed lectin from Moringa oleifera. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:186-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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