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Soceanu A, Matei N, Dobrinas S, Birghila S, Popescu V, Crudu G. Metal Content in Caps and Stalks of Edible Mushrooms: Health Benefits and Risk Evaluation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2347-2356. [PMID: 37542593 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are a good source of protein and phenolic compounds which provides health benefits for humans. The purpose of this study was to compare the content of eight metals, protein, and total phenolics (TPC) of 5 different species (Agaricus bisporus-white and brown mushrooms, Agaricus cupreobrunneus, Auricularia cornea, Hypsizgus tesselatus, and Pleurotus eryngii species-complex) of edible mushrooms available on the Romanian market. Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus cupreobrunneus were purchased and cultivated in Romania and the other species were cultivated in other countries (Turkey and China). The metal content determined by graphite atomic absorption spectrometry (GTAAS) varied in the order Cu > Pb > Ni > Fe > Cr > Mn > Co > Cd. Almost all the samples contained a greater quantity of metals in the stalk than in the cap. In addition, the levels of toxic metals were low. The protein content of analyzed samples ranged from 0.0926 to 0.2743%, the highest value being observed in Pleurotus eryngii species-complex mushroom. TPC of extracts increased over time but there was a variability in the concentration for each mushroom species (0.25-12.25 mg GAE/g). The investigated mushroom species possess no health risk and may be potential nutritional supplements for human diets due to their phenolic compounds, protein, and mineral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Soceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Matei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania.
| | - Simona Dobrinas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Semaghiul Birghila
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Viorica Popescu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Gabriela Crudu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
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Falandysz J, Kilanowicz A, Fernandes AR, Zhang J. Rare earth contamination of edible vegetation: Ce, La, and summed REE in fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:268. [PMID: 38506962 PMCID: PMC10954923 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The increasing and diversified use of rare earth elements (REE) is considered a potential source of pollution of environmental media including soils. This work documents critically overview data on the occurrence of REE in the fruiting bodies of wild and farmed species of edible and medicinal mushrooms, as this was identified as the largest published dataset of REE occurrence in foodstuff. Most of the literature reported occurrences of cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La), but a number of studies lacked data on all lanthanides. The Ce, La, and summed REE occurrences were assessed through the criteria of environmental geochemistry, analytical chemistry, food toxicology, mushroom systematics, and ecology. Ce and La accumulate similarly in fruiting bodies and are not fractionated during uptake, maintaining the occurrence patterns of their growing substrates. Similarly, there is no credible evidence of variable REE uptake because the evaluated species data show natural, unfractionated patterns in accordance with the Oddo-Harkins' order of environmental lanthanide occurrence. Thus, lithosphere occurrence patterns of Ce and La as the first and the third most abundant lanthanides are reflected in wild and farmed mushrooms regardless of substrate and show that Ce is around twice more abundant than La. The current state of knowledge provides no evidence that mushroom consumption at these REE occurrence levels poses a health risk either by themselves or when included with other dietary exposure. Macromycetes appear to bio-exclude lanthanides because independently reported bioconcentration factors for different species and collection sites, typically range from < 1 to 0.001. This is reflected in fruiting body concentrations which are four to two orders of magnitude lower than growing substrates. KEY POINTS: •Original REE occurrence patterns in soils/substrates are reflected in mushrooms •No evidence for the fractionation of REE during uptake by fungi •Mushrooms bio-exclude REE in fruiting bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Łódź, Poland
| | - Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Ji Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650200, China
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Andronikov AV, Andronikova IE, Sebek O, Martinkova E, Stepanova M. Accumulation and within-mushroom distribution of elements in red cracking bolete (Xerocomellus chrysenteron) collected over the extended period from compositionally contrasting substrates. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1157. [PMID: 37673806 PMCID: PMC10482781 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a study of elemental compositions of Xerocomellus chrysenteron samples accompanied by samples of related substrate soils. All samples were collected during the harvesting seasons 2021 and 2022 from three forested sites almost unpolluted by recent human activities and underlain by contrasting bedrock (granite, amphibolite, and serpentinite). Elements such as Ag, Cd, K, P, Rb, S, Se, and Zn were the main elements enriched in the mushroom's fruiting bodies relative to the substrate. Concentrations of most elements in mushrooms were not site-dependent, with only Ag, As, Rb, and Se concentrations significantly depending on the bedrock composition. Some elements analyzed in mushrooms displayed temporal features, but such features were not systematic and varied for each element. Most analyzed elements were distributed unevenly within the mushroom's fruiting bodies, with apical parts generally enriched in mobile elements. Mushrooms influenced concentrations of Ag, Cd, K, and Rb and a few other elements in the substrate via uptake, but such influence was very limited and can be responsible for only 2.5-11.5% of total depletion of the affected substrate in the named elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V Andronikov
- Division of Geochemistry and Laboratories, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 15200, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irina E Andronikova
- Division of Geochemistry and Laboratories, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 15200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Sebek
- Division of Geochemistry and Laboratories, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 15200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Martinkova
- Division of Geochemistry and Laboratories, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 15200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Stepanova
- Division of Geochemistry and Laboratories, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 15200, Prague, Czech Republic
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Falandysz J, Saba M, Rutkowska M, Konieczka P. Total mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) in braised and crude Boletus edulis carpophores during various developmental stages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3107-3115. [PMID: 34386922 PMCID: PMC8732834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We collected and processed Boletus edulis (King Bolete) carpophores grouped in four batches based on their developmental stage (button stage, young-white, large-white, and large-yellow). The study aimed, for the first time, to examine the B. edulis content and effect of braising and to estimate the intake of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) from a single meal based on whole (wet) weight (ww) and dry weight (dw). In braised carpophores, THg concentrations ranged from 0.2668 ± 0.0090 to 0.5434 ± 0.0071 mg kg-1 ww at different developmental stages, whereas crude products concentrations ranged from 0.1880 ± 0.0247 to 0.2929 ± 0.0030 mg kg-1 ww. The button stage crude carpophores were more highly contaminated with THg than at later stages of maturity, but MeHg levels were lower (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, braised button stage carpophores showed more MeHg than at later maturity stages. MeHg contributed at 1.9 ± 0.7% in THg in crude mushrooms and at 1.4 ± 0.3% in braised meals. The effect of braising was to increase the average THg and MeHg contents in fresh mushroom meals by 52 ± 31% and 53 ± 122% respectively, but a reduction of 40 ±14% and 40 ± 49% respectively was seen on a dw basis. The potential intakes of THg and MeHg from braised meals of B. edulis studied were small and considered safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Martyna Saba
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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Pankavec S, Falandysz J, Hanć A, Komorowicz I, Barałkiewicz D, Fernandes AR. Enhancing the lithium content of white button mushrooms Agaricus bisporus using LiNO3 fortified compost: effects on the uptake of Li and other trace elements. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1193-1205. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1912401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sviatlana Pankavec
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Elements Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Komorowicz
- Department of Trace Elements Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Elements Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Alwyn R. Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Abstract
Black fungus is a homologous fungus of medicine and food. Its nutrient content determines the health value, and the accumulation of nutrients is easily affected by the substitute materials. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of corn stalks as a cultivation substitution material for sawdust on macronutrients, micronutrients, and functional components of black fungus. The results reported that corn stalks could significantly increase the content of ash, protein, copper, and iron in black fungus, but reduce the content of zinc, magnesium, manganese, and colloidal substances; corn stalks had less effect on melanin and polyphenols; its effect on water, total sugar, reducing sugar, crude fiber, and total flavonoids was insignificant. Therefore, the study provided a theoretical basis for the cultivation of black fungus with corn stalks.
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Yao S, Li J, Li T, Duan Z, Wang Y. Geographical traceability of Boletaceae mushrooms using data fusion of FT-IR, UV, and ICP-AES combined with SVM. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1588299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jieqing Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Zhili Duan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Mędyk M, Grembecka M, Brzezicha-Cirocka J, Falandysz J. Bio- and toxic elements in mushrooms from the city of Umeå and outskirts, Sweden. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:577-583. [PMID: 28494204 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1318638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms (Albatrellus ovinus, Boletus edulis, Clitocybe odora, Gomphidius glutinosus, Leccinum scabrum, Leccinum versipelle, Lycoperdon perlatum, Suillus bovinus, Suillus luteus, and Xerocomus subtomentosus) collected from unpolluted areas of the city of Umeå and its outskirts in the northern part of Sweden were examined for contents of toxic metallic elements (Cd, Pb, and Ag) and essential macro- and microelements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) using a validated method and a final measurement by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). The median values of the toxic metallic element concentrations (in mg kg-1 dry biomass, db) ranged from: 0.12-3.9, 0.46-5.1, and 0.91-6.2 for Ag, Cd and Pb, respectively. For the essential metallic elements, the median values of concentrations ranged from: 24000-58000, 15-2000, 59-610, 520-1900, 2.0-97, 16-150, 15-120, and 4.3-26 mg kg-1 db for K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn, respectively. The baseline concentrations of the metallic elements determined in mushrooms were mainly affected by the fungal species. The assessed probable maximal dietary intake of Cd (0.002 mg kg-1 body mass) solely from a mushroom meal was only slightly below a revised value of the tolerable weekly intake for this element, while for Pb (0.003 mg kg-1 body mass) it was tenfold below the provisionally tolerable weekly intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mędyk
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology , Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
| | | | | | - Jerzy Falandysz
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology , Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
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Mleczek M, Siwulski M, Rzymski P, Niedzielski P, Gąsecka M, Jasińska A, Budzyńska S, Budka A. Multi-elemental analysis of Lentinula edodes mushrooms available in trade. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:196-205. [PMID: 28121274 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1261551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the content of 62 elements in the fruiting bodies of Lentinula edodes (Shiitake mushroom) cultivated commercially in Poland on various substrates from 2007-2015. The general mean content (mg kg-1 dry weight (DW)) of the studied elements ranked in the following order: K (26,335) > P (11,015) > Mg (2,284) > Ca (607) > Na (131) > Zn (112) > Fe (69) > Mn (33) > B (32) > Rb (17) > Cu (14.5) > Al (11.2) > Te (2.9) > As (1.80) > Cd (1.76) > Ag (1.73) > Nd (1.70) > Sr (1.46) > Se (1.41) > U (1.11) > Pt (0.90) > Ce (0.80) > Ba (0.61) > Co (0.59) > Tl (0.58) > Er (0.50) > Pb (0.42) > Li (0.40) > Pr (0.39) > Ir (0.37) > In (0.35) > Mo (0.31) > Cr (0.29) > Ni (0.28) > Sb (0.26) > Re (0.24) > Ti (0.19) > Bi (0.18) > Th (0.12) > La (0.10) = Pd (0.10) > Os (0.09) = Zr (0.09) > Rh (0.08) > Ho (0.07) > Ru (0.06) > Sm (0.04) = Eu (0.04) = Tm (0.04) > Gd (0.03) > Sc (0.02) = Y (0.02) > Lu (0.01) = Yb (0.01) = V (0.01). The contents of Au, Be, Dy, Ga, Ge, Hf, and Tb were below the limits of detection (0.02, 0.02, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.02 mg kg-1 respectively). The concentrations of Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Er, Fe, In, Lu, Mn, Nd, Sr, Ti, Tm, and Zr were comparable over the period the mushrooms were cultivated. The study revealed that Lentinula edodes contained As and Cd at levels potentially adverse to human health. This highlights the need to monitor these elements in food products obtained from this mushroom species and ensure that only low levels of these elements are present in cultivation substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Mleczek
- a Department of Chemistry , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Marek Siwulski
- b Department of Vegetable Crops , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- c Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | | | - Monika Gąsecka
- a Department of Chemistry , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasińska
- b Department of Vegetable Crops , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Sylwia Budzyńska
- a Department of Chemistry , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Anna Budka
- e Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
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Khani R, Moudi M, Khojeh V. Contamination level, distribution and health risk assessment of heavy and toxic metallic and metalloid elements in a cultivated mushroom Pleurotus florida (Mont.) singer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4699-4708. [PMID: 27975202 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There are great concentrations of toxic metallic and metalloid elements such as lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium or silver in many species of mushrooms comparative to other fruits and vegetables. In this study, contamination with heavy and toxic metallic and metalloid elements in the cultivated mushroom of (Pleurotus florida (Mont.) Singer) is investigated. P. florida was cultivated on different substrates; wheat straw (as blank), wheat straw + pine cone, wheat straw + soybean straw and wheat straw + urea and the effects of these substrates on contamination levels of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of essential elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) in the target mushroom are at the typical levels. The estimated daily intakes of studied metallic and metalloid elements were below their oral reference dosage mentioned by the international regulatory bodies. Health risk index (HRI) was calculated to evaluate the consumer's health risk assessment from the metal intake that contaminated in the cultivated mushroom of P. florida on the different nutrient sources. In this study, the individual HRIs were less than 1, which indicates insignificant potential health risk associated with the consumption of target mushroom from the studied substrates. Based on the HRIs values among the toxic metallic and metalloid elements, As in the target mushroom in the substrate of the wheat straw + pine cone is the main sources of risk, and it may cause severe health problems. Thus, this study suggests that the concentrations of heavy and toxic elements should be periodically monitored in cultivated mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Khani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, 97179-414, Iran.
| | - Maryam Moudi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, 97179-414, Iran
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Brzezicha-Cirocka J, Mędyk M, Falandysz J, Szefer P. Bio- and toxic elements in edible wild mushrooms from two regions of potentially different environmental conditions in eastern Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21517-21522. [PMID: 27510166 PMCID: PMC5099350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the composition of bio-elements (K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn) and toxic elements (Ag, Cd) in seven edible mushrooms from the rural and woodland region of Morąg (north-eastern Poland) and the rural and industrial region of the Tarnobrzeska Upland (south-eastern Poland) were investigated using a validated method. The species examined were Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius, Leccinum aurantiacum, Leccinum versipelle, Lycoperdon perlatum, Suillus luteus, and Xerocomus subtomentosus. Final determination was carried out by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) after microwave-assisted decomposition of sample matrices with solutions of concentrated nitric acid in the pressurized polytetrafluoroethylene vessels. The contents of the alkali elements and alkali earth elements were determined in the species surveyed. The alkali elements, earth alkali elements, and transition metals (Ag, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) were at typical concentrations as was determined for the same or similar species elsewhere in Poland and Europe. The results may suggest a lack of local and regional emissions of those metallic elements from industrialization of some sites in the Tarnobrzeska Plain. Cadmium was at elevated concentrations in L. versipelle from the Tarnobrzeska Plain but the reason-pollution or geogenic source-was unknown, while it was at typical concentrations in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Brzezicha-Cirocka
- Department of Food Science, Gdańsk Medical University, 107 Gen. J. Haller Av, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Mędyk
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Szefer
- Department of Food Science, Gdańsk Medical University, 107 Gen. J. Haller Av, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
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Falandysz J. Mercury bio-extraction by fungus Coprinus comatus: a possible bioindicator and mycoremediator of polluted soils? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7444-51. [PMID: 26705753 PMCID: PMC4846694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Shaggy Ink Cap (Coprinus comatus), which is a common in wild in northern hemisphere was examined in field for potential to be used as possible bio-extractor of Hg from polluted grounds but also as possible bioindicator of urban soils (roadside, barren lands, lawns) pollution with Hg. The contents of Hg in caps and stipes of C. comatus from the grounds examined in this study correlated positively with the levels of soil contamination. Analysis of sets of data available worldwide on Hg in C. comatus and soils beneath-fruiting bodies showed on a positive correlation between degree of soil and mushroom contamination. Hence, C. comatus could be considered as a sensitive species and with bioindication and bioremediation potency for soils polluted with Hg in further studies. Young-fruiting bodies of C. comatus are edible and considered excellent if consumed soon after pick-up. Eating them when foraged from the urban places can provide to a consumer Hg at relatively high dose, while unresolved question is absorption rate of Hg compounds contained in ingested mushroom meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Saniewski M, Zalewska T, Krasińska G, Szylke N, Wang Y, Falandysz J. (90)Sr in King Bolete Boletus edulis and certain other mushrooms consumed in Europe and China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:287-294. [PMID: 26590866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The (90)Sr activity concentrations released from a radioactive fallout have been determined in a range of samples of mushrooms collected in Poland, Belarus, China, and Sweden in 1996-2013. Measurement of (90)Sr in pooled samples of mushrooms was carried out with radiochemical procedure aimed to pre-isolate the analyte from the fungal materials before it was determined using the Low-Level Beta Counter. Interestingly, the Purple Bolete Imperator rhodopurpureus collected from Yunnan in south-western China in 2012 showed (90)Sr activity concentration at around 10 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass, which was greater when compared to other mushrooms in this study. The King Bolete Boletus edulis from China showed the (90)Sr activity in caps at around 1.5 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass (whole fruiting bodies) in 2012 and for specimens from Poland activity was well lower than 1.0 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass in 1998-2010. A sample of Sarcodonimbricatus collected in 1998 from the north-eastern region of Poland impacted by Chernobyl fallout showed (90)Sr in caps at around 5 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. Concentration of (90)Sr in Bay Bolete Royoporus (Xerocomus or Boletus) badius from affected region of Gomel in Belarus was in 2010 at 2.1 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. In several other species from Poland (90)Sr was at <0.5 to around 1.0 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. Activity concentrations of (90)Sr in popular B. edulis and some other mushrooms collected from wild in Poland were very low (<1 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass), and values noted showed on persistence of this type of radioactivity in mushrooms over time passing from nuclear weapons tests and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute, Maritime Branch, 42 Waszyngtona Av., PL 81-342 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Tamara Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute, Maritime Branch, 42 Waszyngtona Av., PL 81-342 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Grażyna Krasińska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Szylke
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Panlong District, 650200 Kunming, China
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Wang XM, Zhang J, Li T, Wang YZ, Liu HG. Content and Bioaccumulation of Nine Mineral Elements in Ten Mushroom Species of the Genus Boletus. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:165412. [PMID: 26146585 PMCID: PMC4471327 DOI: 10.1155/2015/165412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations and bioconcentration potential of nine elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn) in ten species of wild edible Boletus and the corresponding underlying soils were analyzed. The analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer. Boletus showed relative abundant contents of P, K, Fe, Mg, Ca, and Na and less of Zn, Cu, and Mn. Caps compared to stalks were enriched in P, K, Cu, Mg, and Zn, while stalks were enriched in Mn. The elements such as P and K were accumulated (BCF > 1), while Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Na were excluded (BCF < 1) in the fruiting bodies. The correlation analysis indicated high correlations between Cu, Mn, Ca, and Fe in the mushrooms as compared to the corresponding soils. Significant correlations were also obtained between Cu-P (r = 0.775), Fe-P (r = 0.728), and Zn-P (r = 0.76) for caps and Cu-Mg (r = 0.721), Fe-Mg (r = 0.719), Zn-Mg (r = 0.824), and Zn-P (r = 0.818) for stalks. The results of this study imply that ability of fungi to accumulate elements from substrate could be influenced by mushroom species and underlying soil substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Hong-Gao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Falandysz J, Drewnowska M. Distribution of mercury in Amanita fulva (Schaeff.) Secr. mushrooms: Accumulation, loss in cooking and dietary intake. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:49-54. [PMID: 25679486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Representative individual specimens and pooled samples of carpophores of edible wild-grown fungus Amanita fulva (Schaeff.) Secr. and forest topsoil layer (0-10 cm) beneath the carpophores were collected from 15 spatially distant places in Poland and examined for total Hg. The median values of Hg in soils for most of the sites were below 0.05 mgkg(-1) dry matter. The ability of fungus A. fulva to bioconcentrate Hg was low (BCF, bioconcentration factor values of 1.2-3.6 for caps and 0.66-1.7 for stipes) at five sites that showed Hg in soils ranging from 0.066 to 0.21 mgkg(-1) dry matter, while much higher bioconcentration (BCF of 11-25 for caps and 7.0-12 for stipes) were observed for less contaminated soils with Hg contents of 0.018-0.054mgkg(-1) dry matter. Differences were also observed in Hg contamination of A. fulva from spatially and distantly distributed sites, and the median values (mgkg(-1) dry matter) ranged from 0.13 to 0.67 for caps and from 0.065 to 0.34 for stipes, while 0.63mgkg(-1) dry matter was observed in a set of whole fruiting bodies. Boiling of fresh A. fulva for 10min reduced the Hg content by 10%. A meal of A. fulva containing 0.065mgkg(-1) of Hg in the fresh mushroom product will not result in exceeding the reference dose set for inorganic Hg and for majority of the sites assessed (>90%) intake was substantially lower than the reference dose or the provisional tolerable weekly intake of inorganic Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, PL 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Mleczek M, Siwulski M, Mikołajczak P, Goliński P, Gąsecka M, Sobieralski K, Dawidowicz L, Szymańczyk M. Bioaccumulation of elements in three selected mushroom species from southwest Poland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:207-16. [PMID: 25602154 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.982427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The contents of 16 minerals and trace elements (Ag, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Pt, Ti and Zn) were analyzed in edible mushrooms (Leccinum scabrum, Boletus edulis and Boletus badius) collected in southwest Poland. Content of Co, Ni and Pb was similar in all tested mushroom species, while content of Ag, Ca, Cd, Hg and Ti was significantly higher in B. edulis than in L. scabrum and B. badius. The largest differences between these species were observed for Fe and Zn accumulation. The highest contents of these elements were noted in B. badius bodies (202 ± 88 and 137 ± 24 mg kg(-1) dry matter, respectively), lower in B. edulis (131 ± 99 and 89 ± 26 mg kg(-1) dry matter, respectively) and lowest in L. scabrum. Differences in As, Cu and Cr content between tested species were observed mainly between L. scabrum and B. badius fruiting bodies. Content of Pt was below 0.01 mg kg(-1) dry matter). In the case of Mg and Mn accumulation, differences between B. edulis and B. badius were not observed (478 and 440 mg kg(-1) dry matter for Mg and 23 and 19 mg kg(-1) dry matter for Mn), and the results showed significantly higher content of these elements than in L. scabrum bodies (312 and 10 mg kg(-1) dry matter, respectively). It is worth underlining that clear accumulation shown by the bioconcentration factor (BCF>1) observed for all three mushroom species was noted in the case of elements Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni and Zn only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Mleczek
- a Department of Chemistry , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
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Kojta AK, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li T, Saba M, Falandysz J. Mercury contamination of fungi genus Xerocomus in the Yunnan province in China and the region of Europe. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:1342-50. [PMID: 26251972 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1059108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of the study on accumulation, distribution, contamination and probable dietary intake of total mercury (THg) in fruiting bodies of several species of Fungi genus Xerocomus, which emerged in the circum-Pacific mercuriferous belt region in southwestern China in Yunnan and beyond of the mercuriferous belts in the region of Europe. The mushrooms X. puniceus (Boletus amygdalinus), X. spadiceus (Boletus ferrugineus) and X. versicolor (X. rubellus) were from the Yunnan land, and X. badius (Boletus badius) was from the region of Europe in Belarus and X. badius, X. chrysenteron, X. ferrugineus, X. versicolor (X. rubellus) and X. subtomentosus from Poland. The THg in the fungal and soil materials was determined using validated method by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. Estimated was also probable dietary intake and health risk from THg in Xerocomus spp. examined by consumers. The data showed that THg content of Xerocomus spp. emerged in the European localizations in Poland and Belarus is at an order of magnitude lower level than determined in samples from the Yunnan Province. A reason for an elevated content of THg in mushrooms from Yunnan can be related to abundance of Hg in the geochemical background of soils there. The assessed doses showed that a single meal composed of 300 g of fresh fruiting bodies of X. spadiceus from the Wuding localization in Yunnan in China if consumed once a week will provide THg at dose close to the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) value set for THg, while doses will be lower for all other localizations in Yunnan and Europe. In the Wuding localization in Yunnan a frequent consumption of X. spadiceus in volume exceeding 300 g of fresh fruiting bodies per week will provide THg at a dose exceeding the value of PTWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kojta
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Ji Zhang
- b Institute of Medicinal Plants , Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- b Institute of Medicinal Plants , Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Tao Li
- c College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University , Yuxi, Yunnan , China
| | - Martyna Saba
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
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18
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Dryżałowska A, Falandysz J. Bioconcentration of mercury by mushroom Xerocomus chrysenteron from the spatially distinct locations: levels, possible intake and safety. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 107:97-102. [PMID: 24927386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of mercury were determined in specimens of Red Cracking Bolete (Xerocomus chrysenteron) (Bull.) Quél. and overlying soil (0-10cm) collected from 22 spatially distributed sites in Poland during 1996-2013 to assess the potential of this species to bioconcentrate Hg and possible intake by humans. The mean Hg concentrations ranged from 80 to 630 for caps and from 28 to 380ng/g dry matter (dm) for stipes. Decrease in the potential of this mushroom species to bioconcentrate Hg both in caps and stipes was observed when the Hg content in soil substratum increased from 15 to 75-94ng/g dm. A maximum median value for bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Hg determined for caps was 18 for soil with Hg content at 15ng/g dm and decreased to 0.97-3.8 for soils that contained Hg at 37-94ng/g dm. Caps of X. chrysenteron consumed at a volume of 300g daily in a week can yield an exposure amount of Hg at 0.0168-0.1323mg (0.00024 to 0.00189mg/kg body mass); these values are well below the provisionally tolerated weekly intake (PTWI) for inorganic Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dryżałowska
- University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., PL 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
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19
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Wang XM, Zhang J, Wu LH, Zhao YL, Li T, Li JQ, Wang YZ, Liu HG. A mini-review of chemical composition and nutritional value of edible wild-grown mushroom from China. Food Chem 2014; 151:279-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Falandysz J, Borovička J. Macro and trace mineral constituents and radionuclides in mushrooms: health benefits and risks. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:477-501. [PMID: 23179616 PMCID: PMC3546300 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews and updates data on macro and trace elements and radionuclides in edible wild-grown and cultivated mushrooms. A huge biodiversity of mushrooms and spread of certain species over different continents makes the study on their multi-element constituents highly challenging. A few edible mushrooms are widely cultivated and efforts are on to employ them (largely Agaricus spp., Pleurotus spp., and Lentinula edodes) in the production of selenium-enriched food (mushrooms) or nutraceuticals (by using mycelia) and less on species used by traditional medicine, e.g., Ganoderma lucidum. There are also attempts to enrich mushrooms with other elements than Se and a good example is enrichment with lithium. Since minerals of nutritional value are common constituents of mushrooms collected from natural habitats, the problem is however their co-occurrence with some hazardous elements including Cd, Pb, Hg, Ag, As, and radionuclides. Discussed is also the problem of erroneous data on mineral compounds determined in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences & Public Health, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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21
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Falandysz J, Borovička J. Macro and trace mineral constituents and radionuclides in mushrooms: health benefits and risks. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013. [PMID: 23179616 DOI: 10.1007/s00253012-4552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews and updates data on macro and trace elements and radionuclides in edible wild-grown and cultivated mushrooms. A huge biodiversity of mushrooms and spread of certain species over different continents makes the study on their multi-element constituents highly challenging. A few edible mushrooms are widely cultivated and efforts are on to employ them (largely Agaricus spp., Pleurotus spp., and Lentinula edodes) in the production of selenium-enriched food (mushrooms) or nutraceuticals (by using mycelia) and less on species used by traditional medicine, e.g., Ganoderma lucidum. There are also attempts to enrich mushrooms with other elements than Se and a good example is enrichment with lithium. Since minerals of nutritional value are common constituents of mushrooms collected from natural habitats, the problem is however their co-occurrence with some hazardous elements including Cd, Pb, Hg, Ag, As, and radionuclides. Discussed is also the problem of erroneous data on mineral compounds determined in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences & Public Health, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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