1
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Bera A, Singh S, D'Souza JS, Hosur RV, Mishra P. Effect of UV Stress on the Structure and Function of Pro-apoptotic Bid and Anti-apoptotic Bcl-xl proteins. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200682. [PMID: 36597005 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet C (UV-C) radiation induces apoptosis in mammalian cells via the mitochondrion-mediated pathway. The Bcl-2 family of proteins are the regulators of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and appears responsive to UV-C radiation. It is unknown how the structure and, effectively, the function of these proteins are directly impacted by UV-C exposure. Here, we present the effect of UV-C irradiation on the structure and function of pro-apoptotic Bid-FL and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xlΔC proteins. Using a variety of biophysical tools, we show that, following UV-C irradiation, the structures of Bcl-xlΔC and Bid-FL are irreversibly altered. Bcl-xLΔC is found to be more sensitive to UV stress than Bid-FL Interestingly, UV-C exposure shows dramatic chemical shift perturbations in consequence of dramatic structural perturbations (α-helix to β-sheet) in the BH3- binding region, a crucial segment of Bcl-xlΔC. Furter it has been shown that UV-exposed Bcl-xlΔC has reduced efficacy of its interactions with pro-apoptotic tBid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Bera
- Department of Biophysics, University of Mumbai Santacruz (E) Kalina, Mumbai, 400101, India
| | - Suraj Singh
- Department of Biophysics, University of Mumbai Santacruz (E) Kalina, Mumbai, 400101, India
| | - Jacinta S D'Souza
- Department of Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences Santacruz (E) Kalina, Mumbai, 400101, India
| | - Ramakrishna V Hosur
- Department of Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences Santacruz (E) Kalina, Mumbai, 400101, India
| | - Pushpa Mishra
- Department of Biophysics, University of Mumbai Santacruz (E) Kalina, Mumbai, 400101, India
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2
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Cohen D, Portugal-Cohen M, Oron M, Frusic-Zlotkin M, Soroka Y, Ma'or Z, Amar D, Kohen R. Cutaneous Nrf2-Keap1 pathway modulation by environmental factors: The Dead Sea area as a test case. Biofactors 2022; 49:428-437. [PMID: 36522798 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The skin is constantly exposed to exogenous environmental stressors and has to cope with excessive oxidative stress and tissue damage. However, exposure to moderate environmental stressors may be beneficial for the cutaneous tissue and assist in protecting against oxidative damage via the enhanced activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1) pathway. Such moderate stressors can be found in various locations around the globe. In this manuscript, we chose to focus on the Dead Sea (DS) area as a test case to study the effect of moderate stressors on the cutaneous tissue because of the unique combinations of moderate stressors in this area. The exceptional location of the DS at an altitude of -438 meters below sea level (the lowest place on earth) is responsible for its rare accumulation of moderate stressors such as high-water salinity, high atmospheric pressure, and unique solar radiation. In this manuscript, we hypothesized that the unique solar radiation in the DS area generates moderate oxidative stress in the skin leading to the induction of intracellular electrophiles, which in turn can activate the protecting Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. We showed that exposure of human skin organ culture from the same donor to solar radiation at the DS resulted in significant activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, induction of phase II enzymes, and lower apoptotic activity compared to a nearby location at a higher altitude (Jerusalem +700 m). This remarkable effect of activating the Nrf2 protecting pathway and the importance and characteristics of the solar irradiation at the DS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Cohen
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea & Arava Science Center, Masada, Israel
| | | | - Miriam Oron
- Miriam Oron Mingelgrin Consulting, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marina Frusic-Zlotkin
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoram Soroka
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ze'evi Ma'or
- The Dead Sea Hub department, Fosun Jinmei (Shanghai) Cosmetics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Dalit Amar
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Kohen
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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3
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Potential Applications of Lilium Plants in Cosmetics: A Comprehensive Review Based on Research Papers and Patents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081458. [PMID: 35892660 PMCID: PMC9332866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of cosmetics is indispensable in our current society. In recent years, with an increasing awareness of the long-term health benefits of naturally sourced ingredients, plant-based cosmetic products have gained increasing attention. Lilium belongs to the Liliaceae family, which is one of the main plant families used in cosmetics for skin care treatment. A large number of studies have shown that Lilium plants are rich in components such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, with high potential for cosmetic applications. However, the application of lilies in cosmetics has not been systematically reported. This knowledge gap can easily lead to the neglect of its application in cosmetics because lilies are most familiar as ornamental plants. Integrating academic papers and patent publications, we analyzed the potential cosmetic application ingredients in lily, as well as their applications in cosmetics and related efficacy. Patent analysis showed that applications for lily-related cosmetic patents are mainly concentrated in East Asia, including China, Korea, and Japan. The application of lilies involves all aspects of cosmetics, such as sunscreens, facial cleansers, facial masks, conditioners, and so on. Its functions are also rich and diverse, including antiaging, radiation protective, whitening, moisturizing, freckle removal, acne treatment, and hair regeneration promotion. In addition, lilies are compatible with the application of other herbs. Moreover, with a change in people’s consumption concepts and the consideration of long-term health benefits, lily-based food and medicine innovation with health care and beautification effects may be a promising direction.
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4
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Deferoxamine Treatment Improves Antioxidant Cosmeceutical Formulation Protection against Cutaneous Diesel Engine Exhaust Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121928. [PMID: 34943031 PMCID: PMC8750544 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is one of the main targets of the outdoor stressors. Considering that pollution levels are rising progressively, it is not surprising that several cutaneous conditions have been associated with its exposure. Among the pollutants, diesel engine exhaust (DEE) represents one of the most toxic, as it is composed of a mixture of many different noxious chemicals generated during the compression cycle, for ignition rather than an electrical spark as in gasoline engines. The toxic chemicals of most concern in DEE, besides the oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide and various hydrocarbons, are metals that can induce oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of topical application, singularly or in combination, of the iron-chelator deferoxamine and a commercially available formulation, CE Ferulic, in up to 4-day DEE-exposed skin. DEE induced a significant increase in the oxidative marker 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4HNE) and matrix-metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), the loss of cutaneous-barrier-associated proteins (filaggrin and involucrin) and a decrease in collagen-1, while the formulations prevented the cutaneous damage in an additive manner. In conclusion, this study suggests that iron plays a key role in DEE-induced skin damage and its chelation could be an adjuvant strategy to reinforce antioxidant topical formulations.
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5
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Jagoda SV, Dixon KM. Protective effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and its analogs on ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress: a review. Redox Rep 2021; 25:11-16. [PMID: 32093585 PMCID: PMC7054951 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1731261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The active vitamin D compound, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is produced in skin cells following exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. However, there are many harmful effects of UV which include DNA damage caused by direct absorption of UV, as well as that caused indirectly via UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, 1,25D and analogs have been shown to reduce both direct and indirect UV-induced DNA damage in skin cells. This was accompanied by reductions in ROS and in nitric oxide products with 1,25D following UV. Moreover, following acute UV exposure, 1,25D has been demonstrated to increase p53 levels in skin, which would presumably allow for repair of cells with damaged DNA, or apoptosis of cells with irreparably damaged DNA. Previous studies have also shown that p53 reduces intracellular ROS. Furthermore, 1,25D has been shown to induce metallothioneins, which are potent free radical scavengers. In addition to these protective effects, 1,25D has been demonstrated to inhibit stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases following UV exposure, and to increase levels of the stress-induced protein heme oxygenase-1 in a model of oxidative stress. Herein, we discuss the protective effects of 1,25D and analogs in the context of UV, oxidative stress and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemani Vishalya Jagoda
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Katie Marie Dixon
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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6
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Zhang G, Liu D, Tian N, Wang X, Yan W, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Controllable Liquid Exfoliation of Fibrous Phosphorus and Its Live-Cell Imaging. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4883-4890. [PMID: 33711893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional materials have been intensively studied because of their diverse properties, which are revealed when exfoliated from their bulk precursor. Liquid exfoliation is not only possibly the most suitable method for large-scale applications but also affords an opportunity to develop new deposition techniques. Fibrous phosphorus is a relatively new, one-dimensional material with high carrier mobility and a fast response velocity for future application in nanodevices. Because controllable liquid exfoliation processing of fibrous phosphorus (FP) remains challenging, we considered two factors: the exfoliated result and the removable solvents. We proposed a method for determining suitable solvents for efficient exfoliation and controllable size of fibrous phosphorus using Hansen solubility parameters. By controlling the water/acetone mixture ratios, the exfoliation effect could be controlled. Our work showed that 40% of the FP nanofibers were less than 10 nm in thickness and 70% of them were less than 20 nm. Furthermore, fibrous phosphorus produced a red fluorescence in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Danmin Liu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Nan Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.,Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Key Laboratory of Trans-scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wujuan Yan
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zikun Huang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhe Zhang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
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7
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Karisma VW, Wu W, Lei M, Liu H, Nisar MF, Lloyd MD, Pourzand C, Zhong JL. UVA-Triggered Drug Release and Photo-Protection of Skin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:598717. [PMID: 33644041 PMCID: PMC7905215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.598717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Light has attracted special attention as a stimulus for triggered drug delivery systems (DDS) due to its intrinsic features of being spatially and temporally tunable. Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation has recently been used as a source of external light stimuli to control the release of drugs using a "switch on- switch off" procedure. This review discusses the promising potential of UVA radiation as the light source of choice for photo-controlled drug release from a range of photo-responsive and photolabile nanostructures via photo-isomerization, photo-cleavage, photo-crosslinking, and photo-induced rearrangement. In addition to its clinical use, we will also provide here an overview of the recent UVA-responsive drug release approaches that are developed for phototherapy and skin photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vega Widya Karisma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huawen Liu
- Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Matthew D. Lloyd
- Drug and Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Medicines Design, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Medicines Development, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Li Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Ong Tone S, Kocaba V, Böhm M, Wylegala A, White TL, Jurkunas UV. Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy: The vicious cycle of Fuchs pathogenesis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 80:100863. [PMID: 32438095 PMCID: PMC7648733 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the most common primary corneal endothelial dystrophy and the leading indication for corneal transplantation worldwide. FECD is characterized by the progressive decline of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) and the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) excrescences in Descemet's membrane (DM), called guttae, that lead to corneal edema and loss of vision. FECD typically manifests in the fifth decades of life and has a greater incidence in women. FECD is a complex and heterogeneous genetic disease where interaction between genetic and environmental factors results in cellular apoptosis and aberrant ECM deposition. In this review, we will discuss a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and exogenous factors in inciting oxidative stress, auto(mito)phagy, unfolded protein response, and mitochondrial dysfunction during CEC degeneration. Specifically, we explore the factors that influence cellular fate to undergo apoptosis, senescence, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These findings will highlight the importance of abnormal CEC-DM interactions in triggering the vicious cycle of FECD pathogenesis. We will also review clinical characteristics, diagnostic tools, and current medical and surgical management options for FECD patients. These new paradigms in FECD pathogenesis present an opportunity to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ong Tone
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Viridiana Kocaba
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Myriam Böhm
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam Wylegala
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tomas L White
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ula V Jurkunas
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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9
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Subbiahanadar Chelladurai K, Selvan Christyraj JD, Azhagesan A, Paulraj VD, Jothimani M, Yesudhason BV, Chellathurai Vasantha N, Ganesan M, Rajagopalan K, Venkatachalam S, Benedict J, John Samuel JK, Selvan Christyraj JRS. Exploring the effect of UV-C radiation on earthworm and understanding its genomic integrity in the context of H2AX expression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21005. [PMID: 33273505 PMCID: PMC7713072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining genomic stability is inevitable for organism survival and it is challenged by mutagenic agents, which include ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Whenever DNA damage occurs, it is sensed by DNA-repairing proteins and thereby performing the DNA-repair mechanism. Specifically, in response to DNA damage, H2AX is a key protein involved in initiating the DNA-repair processes. In this present study, we investigate the effect of UV-C on earthworm, Perionyx excavatus and analyzed the DNA-damage response. Briefly, we expose the worms to different doses of UV-C and find that worms are highly sensitive to UV-C. As a primary response, earthworms produce coelomic fluid followed by autotomy. However, tissue inflammation followed by death is observed when we expose worm to increased doses of UV-C. In particular, UV-C promotes damages in skin layers and on the contrary, it mediates the chloragogen and epithelial outgrowth in intestinal tissues. Furthermore, UV-C promotes DNA damages followed by upregulation of H2AX on dose-dependent manner. Our finding confirms DNA damage caused by UV-C is directly proportional to the expression of H2AX. In short, we conclude that H2AX is present in the invertebrate earthworm, which plays an evolutionarily conserved role in DNA damage event as like that in higher animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Subbiahanadar Chelladurai
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Jackson Durairaj Selvan Christyraj
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Ananthaselvam Azhagesan
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India ,grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Present Address: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamilnadu India
| | - Vennila Devi Paulraj
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Muralidharan Jothimani
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India ,grid.411312.40000 0001 0363 9238Present Address: Department of Bioinformatics, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004 Tamilnadu India
| | - Beryl Vedha Yesudhason
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Niranjan Chellathurai Vasantha
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Mijithra Ganesan
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Kamarajan Rajagopalan
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Saravanakumar Venkatachalam
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Johnson Benedict
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
| | - Jemima Kamalapriya John Samuel
- grid.252262.30000 0001 0613 6919Department of Biotechnology, Anna University of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620024 Tamilnadu India
| | - Johnson Retnaraj Samuel Selvan Christyraj
- grid.412427.60000 0004 1761 0622Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 Tamilnadu India
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10
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Baseggio Conrado A, Fanelli S, McGuire VA, Ibbotson SH. Role of Hypotaurine in Protection against UVA-Induced Damage in Keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:353-359. [PMID: 32959397 DOI: 10.1111/php.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoageing and skin cancer are major causes of morbidity and are a high cost to society. Interest in the development of photoprotective agents for inclusion in topical cosmetic and sunscreen products is profound. Recently, amino acids with a sulfinic group, notably hypotaurine, have been included as ingredients in cosmetic preparations. However, the mechanism of action of hypotaurine as a possible anti-aging agent is unknown, despite its use as a free radical scavenger. To address this issue, we investigated hypotaurine uptake in a human keratinocyte model and examined its effect on UVR-induced cytotoxicity. Hypotaurine was taken up by keratinocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with levels remaining significantly above baseline 48 h after washout. A cytoprotective effect of pre-incubation with 2.5-5 mMhypotaurine was shown as indicated by increased cell viability when keratinocytes were irradiated with UVA at 5 or 10 Jcm-2 , with the level of hypotaurine also significantly reduced. These findings indicate a potential cytoprotective effect of hypotaurine against the deleterious effects of UVA irradiation. This provides support for further studies to evaluate the potential photoprotective benefits of hypotaurine supplementation of topical cosmetic and sunscreen products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Fanelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences " A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Victoria Anne McGuire
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sally Helen Ibbotson
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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11
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Price MO, Mehta JS, Jurkunas UV, Price FW. Corneal endothelial dysfunction: Evolving understanding and treatment options. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 82:100904. [PMID: 32977001 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is exquisitely designed to protect the eye while transmitting and focusing incoming light. Precise control of corneal hydration by the endothelial cell layer that lines the inner surface of the cornea is required for optimal transparency, and endothelial dysfunction or damage can result in corneal edema and visual impairment. Advances in corneal transplantation now allow selective replacement of dysfunctional corneal endothelium, providing rapid visual rehabilitation. A series of technique improvements have minimized complications and various adaptations allow use even in eyes with complicated anatomy. While selective endothelial keratoplasty sets a very high standard for safety and efficacy, a shortage of donor corneas in many parts of the world restricts access, prompting a search for alternatives. Clinical trials are underway to evaluate the potential for self-recovery after removal of dysfunctional central endothelium in patients with healthy peripheral endothelium. Various approaches to using cultured human corneal endothelial cells are also in clinical trials; these aim to multiply cells from a single donor cornea for use in potentially hundreds of patients. Pre-clinical studies are underway with induced pluripotent stem cells, endothelial stem cell regeneration, gene therapy, anti-sense oligonucleotides, and various biologic/pharmacologic approaches designed to treat, prevent, or retard corneal endothelial dysfunction. The availability of more therapeutic options will hopefully expand access around the world while also allowing treatment to be more precisely tailored to each individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne O Price
- Cornea Research Foundation of America, 9002 N. Meridian St., Suite 212, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave #08-00, 168751, Singapore
| | - Ula V Jurkunas
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis W Price
- Price Vision Group, 9002 N. Meridian St., Suite 100, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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12
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Vaz VVA, Jardim da Silva L, Geihs MA, Maciel FE, Nery LEM, Vargas MA. Single and repeated low-dose UVB radiation exposures affect the visual system. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 209:111941. [PMID: 32629396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The visual system is an important biological indicator of effects induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, research has extensively investigated the effects of high-dose UV radiation in a single exposure, thus, the differential of this work was to investigate the effects of UVB radiation in low doses in single and repeated exposure. Therefore, we investigated the effects of repeated exposure to environmental UVB doses (0.09 J/cm2) on the retina and optic lobes of the crab Neohelice granulata. We evaluated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) levels, catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and lipoperoxidation (LPO) levels and performed histological analysis. The crabs were exposed to UVB radiation for 1 or 60 days, while the control group was exposed to visible light. In the retina region, increases in ROS concentration and CAT and GST activities after the single exposure were observed. After 60 days of exposure, we observed an increase in ACAP levels. In the optic lobes, we observed an increase in GST activity and a decrease in LPO levels after the single exposure. However, we observed an increase in ROS concentration after 60 days of exposure. Moreover, after 60 days of exposure, infiltrating hemocytes in the retina and disorganization in neuron cell bodies of the external medulla were observed. In this sense, single and repeated exposure to low doses of UVB radiation induced changes in oxidative status and inflammatory process in the visual system of the crab Neohelice granulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmor Vinicius Araujo Vaz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandra Jardim da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Alberto Geihs
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Everton Maciel
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Vargas
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Huang J, Huang A, Poplawski A, DiPino F, Traugh JA, Ling J. PAK2 activated by Cdc42 and caspase 3 mediates different cellular responses to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118645. [PMID: 31926209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
p21-activated protein kinase (PAK2) is a unique member of the PAK family kinases that plays important roles in stress signaling. It can be activated by binding to the small GTPase, Cdc42 and Rac1, or by caspase 3 cleavage. Cdc42-activated PAK2 mediates cytostasis, whereas caspase 3-cleaved PAK2 contributes to apoptosis. However, the relationship between these two states of PAK2 activation remains elusive. In this study, through protein biochemical analyses and various cell-based assays, we demonstrated that full-length PAK2 activated by Cdc42 was resistant to the cleavage by caspase 3 in vitro and within cells. When mammalian cells were treated by oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide, PAK2 was highly activated through caspase 3 cleavage that led to apoptosis. However, when PAK2 was pre-activated by Cdc42 or by mild stress such as serum deprivation, it was no longer able to be cleaved by caspase 3 upon hydrogen peroxide treatment, and the subsequent apoptosis was also largely inhibited. Furthermore, cells expressing active mutants of full-length PAK2 became more resistant to hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis than inactive mutants. Taken together, this study identified two states of PAK2 activation, wherein Cdc42- and autophosphorylation-dependent activation inhibited the constitutive activation of PAK2 by caspase cleavage. The regulation between these two states of PAK2 activation provides a new molecular mechanism to support PAK2 as a molecular switch for controlling cytostasis and apoptosis in response to different types and levels of stress with broad physiological and pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - Allen Huang
- Canyon Crest Academy, San Diego, CA 92130, United States of America
| | - Amelia Poplawski
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, United States of America; Misericordia University, Dallas, PA 18612, United States of America
| | - Frank DiPino
- Misericordia University, Dallas, PA 18612, United States of America
| | - Jolinda A Traugh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - Jun Ling
- California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, United States of America; Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America.
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14
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Hameister R, Kaur C, Dheen ST, Lohmann CH, Singh G. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and oxidative stress in arthroplasty. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2073-2087. [PMID: 31898397 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between implant design, biomaterial characteristics, and the local microenvironment adjacent to the implant is of utmost importance for implant performance and success of the joint replacement surgery. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are among the various factors affecting the host as well as the implant components. Excessive formation of ROS and RNS can lead to oxidative stress, a condition that is known to damage cells and tissues and also to affect signaling pathways. It may further compromise implant longevity by accelerating implant degradation, primarily through activation of inflammatory cells. In addition, wear products of metallic, ceramic, polyethylene, or bone cement origin may also generate oxidative stress themselves. This review outlines the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress in arthroplasty and provides a conceptual framework on its implications for soft tissue remodeling and bone resorption (osteolysis) as well as implant longevity. Key findings derived from cell culture studies, animal models, and patients' samples are presented. Strategies to control oxidative stress by implant design and antioxidants are explored and areas of controversy and challenges are highlighted. Finally, directions for future research are identified. A better understanding of the host-implant interplay and the role of free radicals and oxidative stress will help to evaluate therapeutic approaches and will ultimately improve implant performance in arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hameister
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaikali Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christoph H Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gurpal Singh
- Centre for Orthopaedics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Paquet-Walsh A, Bertolo A, Landry C, Deschamps L, Boily M. Interactive effects of neonicotinoids and natural ultraviolet radiation on yellow perch (Perca flavescens) larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:690-701. [PMID: 31203163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOCs) are insecticides that are widely used worldwide in the culture of maize and soya. Whereas they specifically target terrestrial insects by acting as agonists of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in their nervous system, their effects on the cholinergic system of vertebrates is still unclear. Moreover, there is an increasing concern about their effects on aquatic biota because of their high leaching potential. In the agricultural watershed of Lake St. Pierre (LSP) (St. Lawrence River System, Québec, Canada), for example, NEOC concentrations considered toxic for aquatic biota (>8.3 ng L-1) have frequently been detected. These conditions may affect the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) population in LSP, which collapsed in the mid 1990s and is now experiencing poor recruitment. Moreover, because their larvae are found in shallow waters (<80 cm) near agricultural land, they are also exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), with unknown potential interactions with NEOCs. The objective of this study was to test the synergistic effects of two commonly used NEOCs (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) with natural UVR on yellow perch larvae using survival analysis and biomarkers to better quantify lethal and sublethal effects. Three common garden experiments were conducted with thiamethoxam and/or imidacloprid and natural UVR following a factorial design. Our results showed an interaction between UVR and thiamethoxam in terms of larval mortality. At the sublethal level, imidacloprid was associated with increased protein content and, in the presence of UVR, with increased acetylcholinesterase activity, thus indicating a cholinergic perturbation like that found in insects. Finally, we also found unexpected reduced lipid peroxidation associated with imidacloprid. A reduction in the overall lipid accumulation is suspected to be behind this puzzling result. These results will open new research avenues related to the effects of NEOCs on proteins and lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Paquet-Walsh
- Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants - écosystèmes aquatiques (RIVE) and Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Andrea Bertolo
- Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants - écosystèmes aquatiques (RIVE) and Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Catherine Landry
- Groupe de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN) and Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Lucas Deschamps
- Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants - écosystèmes aquatiques (RIVE) and Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Monique Boily
- Groupe de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN) and Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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16
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Chen F, Tang Y, Sun Y, Veeraraghavan VP, Mohan SK, Cui C. 6-shogaol, a active constiuents of ginger prevents UVB radiation mediated inflammation and oxidative stress through modulating NrF2 signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2019; 197:111518. [PMID: 31202076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Disclosure of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the key feature from environment to cause redness of the skin, inflammation, photoaging and skin cancer. 6-Shogaol, a spicy compound secluded from ginger, which shows anti-inflammatory effects. Present study was demonstrated the role of 6-Shogaol on UVB induced oxidative stress and photoaging signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). In this study, UVB-irratiation (180 mJ/cm2) significantly elevated the intracellular ROS levels, depletion of antioxidants resulted in apoptotic HaCaT cells. MAPKs signaling are concerned in oxidative stress; these signaling events are measured as differentiation. We found that 6-shogaol prevents over expression of MAPKs (ERK1, JNK1 & p38), in disclosure of UVB in HaCaT cells. Moreover, 6-shogaol infringed Bax and Bcl-2 in which 20 μg 6-shogaol influenced apoptosis in HaCaT cells by investigating augmented appearance of Bax and condensed appearance of Bcl-2 in contrast to control HaCaT cells. These results suggest that 6-shogaol could be a successful healing agent provides fortification against UVB-induced provocative and oxidative skin reimbursement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Dermatology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujia Sun
- Department of Operating Room, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Applied Medical Sciences - Jubail (CAMSJ), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 4030, Al Ansar Rd, Deffi, Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chuanxin Cui
- Dermatology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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17
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Pasparakis C, Wang Y, Stieglitz JD, Benetti DD, Grosell M. Embryonic buoyancy control as a mechanism of ultraviolet radiation avoidance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:3070-3078. [PMID: 30463157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic fish have long been presumed to produce buoyant embryos which float and hatch at or near surface waters. Due to their transparency and rapid development, mahi embryos are thought to be especially vulnerable to stressors occurring in surface waters, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and increased temperatures. In the present study, we suggest a possibly critical mechanism of UVR avoidance by pelagic fish embryos. Specifically, we provide evidence that mahi embryos are able to sense UVR and may alter buoyancy as a means of reducing exposure to the most harmful stressors occurring in the upper layers of the water column. Further, once the UVR exposure was terminated, embryos displayed fast recovery of positive buoyancy indicating this response is rapidly dynamic and not pathological. The mechanism behind buoyancy control is not known, but evidence from the current study suggests that ammonia sequestration, as seen in multiple other fish species, is not the primary control mechanism employed by embryonic mahi. Finally, expression of antioxidant and UV repair enzymes were investigated to elucidate possible involvement in observed buoyancy changes and to explore alternative methods of repairing UVR damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, USA
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18
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Santhakumaran I, Kesavan SS, Arumugam G. Asperyellone pretreatment protects HaCaT cells from UVB irradiation induced oxidative damages: Assessment under in vitro and in vivo conditions and at molecular level. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10715-10725. [PMID: 30693585 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores the UVB protective role of Asperyellone (AY), a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus niger strain AN01. The in vitro UVB protective efficacy of AY was studied using the Human Epidermal keratinocytes cells (HaCaT) cell line. The results suggest the appreciable scavenging of UVB-induced reactive oxygen species in the AY-pretreated cells compared with UVB control. Experimental results on the antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, SOD, LPO, and GPx) profile, histochemical, and molecular analyses support the UVB protective effect of AY in HaCaT cells. Further, the in vivo UVB protective efficacy of AY was studied using animal models and compared with that of commercially available UVB protective agents. Physical, biochemical, and molecular analyses of skin samples emphasized the UVB protective role of AY. Thus, the important beneficial effects of AY have been explored in the present study.
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19
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Motyka A, Dzimitrowicz A, Jamroz P, Lojkowska E, Sledz W, Pohl P. Rapid eradication of bacterial phytopathogens by atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated in contact with a flowing liquid cathode. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1581-1593. [PMID: 29457632 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by phytopathogenic bacteria are responsible for significant economic losses, and these bacteria spread through diverse pathways including waterways and industrial wastes. It is therefore of high interest to develop potent methods for their eradication. Here, antibacterial properties of direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) generated in contact with flowing bacterial suspensions were examined against five species of phytopathogens. Complete eradication of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Dickeya solani, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris from suspensions of OD600 ≈ 0.1 was observed, while there was at least 3.43 logarithmic reduction in population densities of Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Analysis of plasma-chemical parameters of the dc-APGD system revealed its high rotational temperatures of 2,300 ± 100 K and 4,200 ± 200 K, as measured from N2 and OH molecular bands, respectively, electron temperature of 6,050 ± 400 K, vibrational temperature of 4000 ± 300 K, and high electron number density of 1.1 × 1015 cm-1 . In addition, plasma treatment led to formation of numerous reactive species and states in the treated liquid, including reactive nitrogen and oxygen species such as NOx , NH, H2 O2 , O2 , O, and OH. Further examination revealed that bactericidal activity of dc-APGD was primarily due to presence of these reactive species as well as to UVA, UVB, and UVC irradiation generated by the dc-APGD source. Plasma treatment also resulted in an increase in temperature (from 24.2 to 40.2 °C) and pH (from 6.0 to 10.8) of bacterial suspensions, although these changes had minor effects on cell viability. All results suggest that the newly developed dc-APGD-based system can be successfully implemented as a simple, rapid, efficient, and cost-effective disinfection method for liquids originating from different industrial and agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Motyka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Dzimitrowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Jamroz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Lojkowska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sledz
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pawel Pohl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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20
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Zhou Y, Tang RC. Facile and eco-friendly fabrication of AgNPs coated silk for antibacterial and antioxidant textiles using honeysuckle extract. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 178:463-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Schmitz J, Metz GA, Güntürkün O, Ocklenburg S. Beyond the genome—Towards an epigenetic understanding of handedness ontogenesis. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 159:69-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Kozobolis V, Gkika M, Sideroudi H, Tsaragli E, Lydataki S, Naoumidi I, Giatromanolaki A, Mikropoulos D, Teus M, Labiris G. Effect of Riboflavin/UVA Collagen Cross-linking on Central Cornea, Limbus and Intraocular Pressure. Experimental Study in Rabbit Eyes. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2017; 59:91-96. [PMID: 27770837 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of riboflavin/ultraviolet-A-induced collagen cross-linking (CXL) on central cornea, limbus and intraocular pressure (IOP). This was an animal experimental study. The right corneas of 10 rabbits were ultraviolet-A irradiated (3 mW/cm2 for 30 minutes) after de-epithelialization and instillation of 0.1% riboflavin / 20% Dextran drops. Left corneas served as controls. Samples were examined histologically one month postoperatively. Before and after treatment, IOP measurements were recorded bilaterally. At central cornea of eyes underwent CXL keratocyte repopulation, normal arrangement of collagen fibres and a statistically significant change in fibres diameter were detected, compared to controls. At limbus area, there were not any significant histological differences after CXL. There was no statistically significant difference between pre- and postoperative IOP in all eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Kozobolis
- Eye Institute of Thrace, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Gkika
- Eye Institute of Thrace, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Haris Sideroudi
- Eye Institute of Thrace, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Efthymia Tsaragli
- Eye Institute of Thrace, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stylliani Lydataki
- Institut Carnot de Bourgogne, University of Burgundy, Bourgogne, France.,Institute of Vision and Optics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irini Naoumidi
- Institute of Vision and Optics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Mikropoulos
- 1st University Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Labiris
- Eye Institute of Thrace, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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23
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus, SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies, which bind to antigens and are deposited within tissues to fix complement, resulting in widespread systemic inflammation. The studies presented herein are consistent with hyperpolarized, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-deficient mitochondria being central to the disease process. These hyperpolarized mitochondria resist the depolarization required for activation-induced apoptosis. The mitochondrial ATP deficits add to this resistance to apoptosis and also reduce the macrophage energy that is needed to clear apoptotic bodies. In both cases, necrosis, the alternative pathway of cell death, results. Intracellular constituents spill into the blood and tissues, eliciting inflammatory responses directed at their removal. What results is “autoimmunity.” Ultraviolet (UV)-A1 photons have the capacity to remediate this aberrancy. Exogenous exposure to low-dose, full-body, UV-A1 radiation generates singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen has two major palliative actions in patients with lupus and the UV-A1 photons themselves have several more. Singlet oxygen depolarizes the hyperpolarized mitochondrion, triggering non-ATP-dependent apoptosis that deters necrosis. Next, singlet oxygen activates the gene encoding heme oxygenase (HO-1), a major governor of systemic homeostasis. HO-1 catalyzes the degradation of the oxidant heme into biliverdin (converted to bilirubin), Fe, and carbon monoxide (CO), the first three of these exerting powerful antioxidant effects, and in conjunction with a fourth, CO, protecting against injury to the coronary arteries, the central nervous system, and the lungs. The UV-A1 photons themselves directly attenuate disease in lupus by reducing B cell activity, preventing the suppression of cell-mediated immunity, slowing an epigenetic progression toward SLE, and ameliorating discoid and subacute cutaneous lupus. Finally, a combination of these mechanisms reduces levels of anticardiolipin antibodies and protects during lupus pregnancy. Capping all of this is that UV-A1 irradiation is an essentially innocuous, highly manageable, and comfortable therapeutic agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- H McGrath
- Veterans Administration, New Orleans, LA, USA
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24
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Wang T, Wang R, Chen Z, Zhong Q. Magnetization of eugenol to fabricate magnetic-responsive emulsions for targeted delivery of caffeic acid phenethyl ester. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08167g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The manipulative colloidal vehicles with appreciable stability were fabricated by rice proteins under an eco-friendly, cross-linkage free environment, which can be tailored for targeted delivery of diagnostic or curative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology
| | - Ren Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology
| | - Zhengxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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AnvariFar H, Amirkolaie AK, Miandare HK, Ouraji H, Jalali MA, Üçüncü Sİ. Apoptosis in fish: environmental factors and programmed cell death. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:425-439. [PMID: 28035476 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is a critical component in maintaining homeostasis and growth in all tissues and plays a significant role in immunity and cytotoxicity. In contrast to necrosis or traumatic cell death, apoptosis is a well-controlled and vital process characterized mainly by cytoplasmic shrinkage, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, membrane blebbing and apoptotic bodies. Our understanding of apoptosis is partly based on observations in invertebrates but mainly in mammals. Despite the great advantages of fish models in studying vertebrate development and diseases and the tremendous interest observed in recent years, reports on apoptosis in fish are still limited. Although apoptotic machinery is well conserved between aquatic and terrestrial organisms throughout the history of evolution, some differences exist in key components of apoptotic pathways. Core parts of apoptotic machinery in fish are virtually expressed as equivalent to the mammalian models. Some differences are, however, evident, such as the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis including lack of a C-terminal region in the Fas-associated protein with a death domain in fish. Aquatic species inhabit a complex and highly fluctuating environment, making these species good examples to reveal features of apoptosis that may not be easily investigated in mammals. Therefore, in order to gain a wider view on programmed cell death in fish, interactions between the main environmental factors, chemicals and apoptosis are discussed in this review. It is indicated that apoptosis can be induced in fish by exposure to environmental stressors during different stages of the fish life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein AnvariFar
- Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran. .,University of Applied Science and Technology, Provincial Unit, P.O. Box: 4916694338, Golestan, Iran.
| | - Abdolsamad Keramat Amirkolaie
- Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamed Kolangi Miandare
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49138-15739, Iran
| | - Hossein Ouraji
- Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran
| | - M Ali Jalali
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49138-15739, Iran.,Sturgeon Affairs Management, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran.,Center for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, 3280, Australia
| | - Sema İşisağ Üçüncü
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
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Seo JB, Jung SR, Hille B, Koh DS. Extracellular ATP protects pancreatic duct epithelial cells from alcohol-induced damage through P2Y1 receptor-cAMP signal pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:229-47. [PMID: 27197531 PMCID: PMC5493489 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) regulates cell death and survival of neighboring cells. The detailed effects are diverse depending on cell types and extracellular ATP concentration. We addressed the effect of ATP on ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in epithelial cells, the cell type that experiences the highest concentrations of alcohol. Using pancreatic duct epithelial cells (PDEC), we found that a micromolar range of ATP reverses all intracellular toxicity mechanisms triggered by exceptionally high doses of ethanol and, thus, improves cell viability dramatically. Out of the many purinergic receptors expressed in PDEC, the P2Y1 receptor was identified to mediate the protective effect, based on pharmacological and siRNA assays. Activation of P2Y1 receptors increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The protective effect of ATP was mimicked by forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP but inhibited by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H-89. Finally, ATP reverted leakiness of PDEC monolayers induced by ethanol and helped to maintain epithelial integrity. We suggest that purinergic receptors reduce extreme alcohol-induced cell damage via the cAMP signal pathway in PDEC and some other types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seung-Ryoung Jung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA
| | - Bertil Hille
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA
| | - Duk-Su Koh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA.
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27
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Reelfs O, Abbate V, Hider RC, Pourzand C. A Powerful Mitochondria-Targeted Iron Chelator Affords High Photoprotection against Solar Ultraviolet A Radiation. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1692-1700. [PMID: 27109868 PMCID: PMC4946793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the principal destination for labile iron, making these organelles particularly susceptible to oxidative damage on exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA, 320–400 nm), the oxidizing component of sunlight. The labile iron-mediated oxidative damage caused by UVA to mitochondria leads to necrotic cell death via adenosine triphosphate depletion. Therefore, targeted removal of mitochondrial labile iron via highly specific tools from these organelles may be an effective approach to protect the skin cells against the harmful effects of UVA. In this work, we designed a mitochondria-targeted hexadentate (tricatechol-based) iron chelator linked to mitochondria-homing SS-like peptides. The photoprotective potential of this compound against UVA-induced oxidative damage and cell death was evaluated in cultured primary skin fibroblasts. Our results show that this compound provides unprecedented protection against UVA-induced mitochondrial damage, adenosine triphosphate depletion, and the ensuing necrotic cell death in skin fibroblasts, and this effect is fully related to its potent iron-chelating property in the organelle. This mitochondria-targeted iron chelator has therefore promising potential for skin photoprotection against the deleterious effects of the UVA component of sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Reelfs
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, UK
| | - Robert C Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, UK
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.
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Cefali LC, Ataide JA, Moriel P, Foglio MA, Mazzola PG. Plant-based active photoprotectants for sunscreens. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:346-53. [PMID: 26919163 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to the sun's radiation is the major exogenous mediator of skin damage, which accelerates skin ageing and increases the risk of developing skin cancer. Compounds with photoprotectant activity are extremely useful for decreasing the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin; however, numerous sun filters, especially organic sunscreens, are allergenic. Therefore, the development of formulations containing plant extracts, which may be potentially safer, is extensively being explored. Plant-based cosmetics are commonly used to avoid skin ageing because they contain antioxidant agents that minimize free radical activity, and numerous studies have investigated the skin-protectant effects of related plant species. In addition to their antioxidant properties, plant-based cosmetics protect the skin against solar radiation because they contain polyphenols such as flavonoids and carotenoids. Therefore, this study aims to present a review of plant species commonly used in sunscreens to protect the skin against damage due to sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Cefali
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Technology of Bioactive Products, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - J A Ataide
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - P Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - M A Foglio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - P G Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
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Guan Y, Wu J, Zhong Q. Eugenol improves physical and chemical stabilities of nanoemulsions loaded with β-carotene. Food Chem 2016; 194:787-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Chen SJ, Lee CJ, Lin TB, Liu HJ, Huang SY, Chen JZ, Tseng KW. Inhibition of Ultraviolet B-Induced Expression of the Proinflammatory Cytokines TNF-α and VEGF in the Cornea by Fucoxanthin Treatment in a Rat Model. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:13. [PMID: 26751458 PMCID: PMC4728510 DOI: 10.3390/md14010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is the most common cause of radiation damage to the eyeball and is a risk factor for human corneal damage. We determined the protective effect of fucoxanthin, which is a carotenoid found in common edible seaweed, on ocular tissues against oxidative UVB-induced corneal injury. The experimental rats were intravenously injected with fucoxanthin at doses of 0.5, 5 mg/kg body weight/day or with a vehicle before UVB irradiation. Lissamine green for corneal surface staining showed that UVB irradiation caused serious damage on the corneal surface, including severe epithelial exfoliation and deteriorated epithelial smoothness. Histopathological lesion examination revealed that levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), significantly increased. However, pretreatment with fucoxanthin inhibited UVB radiation-induced corneal disorders including evident preservation of corneal surface smoothness, downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression, and decrease of infiltrated polymorphonuclear leukocytes from UVB-induced damage. Moreover, significant preservation of the epithelial integrity and inhibition of stromal swelling were also observed after UVB irradiation in fucoxanthin-treated groups. Pretreatment with fucoxanthin may protect against UVB radiation-induced corneal disorders by inhibiting expression of proinflammatory factors, TNF-α, and VEGF and by blocking polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Jau Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Ju Lee
- Internal Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei 24213, Taiwan.
| | - Tzer-Bin Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11049, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Jui Liu
- Department of Optometry, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei 11260, Taiwan.
| | - Shuan-Yu Huang
- School of Optometry, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Zeng Chen
- School of Optometry, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Wen Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan.
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Cui G, Degen AA, Wei X, Zhou J, Ding L, Shang Z, Wei X, Long R. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities and fatty acids profile of 18 alpine plants available as forage for yaks on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. RANGELAND JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/rj16012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, yaks (Poephagus grunniens) raised on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau graze only natural pasture and much of their diet consists of sedges, in particular Kobresia spp. These ruminants are subjected to an extremely harsh environment of strong UV radiation, hypoxia and severe cold, which can lead to high oxidative stress. Consequently, it was predicted that sedges would contain high concentrations of functional antioxidants when compared with other alpine plants, and that this would help them survive the harsh conditions. To test the prediction, 18 alpine plants on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, which are available to yaks as forage, were examined. These plants, including four sedges, five grasses, five forbs and four shrubs, were analysed for gross constituents, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, phenol content, and fatty acids composition. Based on their Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, the 18 plants were divided into three groups: low, medium and high. Three of the four sedges were ranked in the medium group and one in the low group, whereas three of four shrubs were ranked in the high group. The total phenol content of the plants ranged between 1.1 and 12.4 g gallic acid equivalents per 100 g DM, with the shrubs containing the highest concentrations. The prediction that sedges would contain higher antioxidant capacity than other alpine plants was not supported. It was concluded that other factors such as anti-nutritional contents and biomass availability are also important in determining dietary selection in yaks.
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32
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Engelbrecht D, Coetzer TL. Sunlight inhibits growth and induces markers of programmed cell death in Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Malar J 2015; 14:378. [PMID: 26419629 PMCID: PMC4588498 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the majority of global malaria deaths. During the pathogenic blood stages of infection, a rapid increase in parasitaemia threatens the survival of the host before transmission of slow-maturing sexual parasites to the mosquito vector to continue the life cycle. Programmed cell death (PCD) may provide the parasite with the means to control its burden on the host and thereby ensure its own survival. Various environmental stress factors encountered during malaria may induce PCD in P. falciparum. This study is the first to characterize parasite cell death in response to natural sunlight. Methods The 3D7 strain of P. falciparum was cultured in vitro in donor erythrocytes. Synchronized and mixed-stage parasitized cultures were exposed to sunlight for 1 h and compared to cultures maintained in the dark, 24 h later. Mixed-stage parasites were also subjected to a second one-hour exposure at 24 h and assessed at 48 h. Parasitaemia was measured daily by flow cytometry. Biochemical markers of cell death were assessed, including DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane polarization and phosphatidylserine externalization. Results Sunlight inhibited P. falciparum growth in vitro. Late-stage parasites were more severely affected than early stages. However, some late-stage parasites survived exposure to sunlight to form new rings 24 h later, as would be expected during PCD whereby only a portion of the population dies. DNA fragmentation was observed at 24 and 48 h and preceded mitochondrial hyperpolarization in mixed-stage parasites at 48 h. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization likely resulted from increased oxidative stress. Although data suggested increased phosphatidylserine externalization in mixed-stage parasites, results were not statistically significant. Conclusion The combination of biochemical markers and the survival of some parasites, despite exposure to a lethal stimulus, support the occurrence of PCD in P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewaldt Engelbrecht
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, Wits Medical School, Wits Research Institute for Malaria, University of the Witwatersrand, 7th floor, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Thérèsa Louise Coetzer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, Wits Medical School, Wits Research Institute for Malaria, University of the Witwatersrand, 7th floor, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa. .,National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Hemond EM, Vollmer SV. Diurnal and nocturnal transcriptomic variation in the Caribbean staghorn coral,
Acropora cervicornis. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4460-73. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Hemond
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center 430 Nahant Rd. Nahant MA 01908 USA
| | - Steven V. Vollmer
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center 430 Nahant Rd. Nahant MA 01908 USA
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SHIRAI AKIHIRO, ONITSUKA MASAYOSHI, MASEDA HIDEAKI, OMASA TAKESHI. Effect of Polyphenols on Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Cell Growth of Human Dermal Fibroblasts after Irradiation with Ultraviolet-A Light. Biocontrol Sci 2015; 20:27-33. [DOI: 10.4265/bio.20.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AKIHIRO SHIRAI
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
| | - MASAYOSHI ONITSUKA
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
| | - HIDEAKI MASEDA
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
| | - TAKESHI OMASA
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
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Rastogi RP, Sinha RP, Moh SH, Lee TK, Kottuparambil S, Kim YJ, Rhee JS, Choi EM, Brown MT, Häder DP, Han T. Ultraviolet radiation and cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 141:154-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yoo HG, Lee BH, Kim W, Lee JS, Kim GH, Chun OK, Koo SI, Kim DO. Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract protects keratinocytes and fibroblasts against oxidative stress. J Med Food 2014; 17:1189-96. [PMID: 25136892 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress damages dermal and epidermal cells and degrades extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, ultimately leading to skin aging. The present study evaluated the potential protective effect of the aqueous methanolic extract obtained from Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) against oxidative stress, induced by H2O2 and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human dermal fibroblast-neonatal (HDF-n) cells. Exposure of cells to H2O2 or UVB irradiation markedly increased oxidative stress and reduced cell viability. However, pretreatment of cells with the LE extract not only increased cell viability (up to 84.5%), but also significantly decreased oxidative stress. Further, the LE extract downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, an endopeptidase that degrades extracellular matrix collagen. In contrast, treatment with the LE extract did not affect the expression of procollagen type 1 in HDF-n cells exposed to UVA irradiation. Thirteen phenolic compounds, including derivatives of shikonin and caffeic acid, were identified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. These results suggest that LE-derived extracts may protect oxidative-stress-induced skin aging by inhibiting degradation of skin collagen, and that this protection may derive at least in part from the antioxidant phenolics present in these extracts. Further studies are warranted to determine the potential utility of LE-derived extracts in both therapeutic and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Geun Yoo
- 1 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University , Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
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Al-Qenaei A, Yiakouvaki A, Reelfs O, Santambrogio P, Levi S, Hall ND, Tyrrell RM, Pourzand C. Role of intracellular labile iron, ferritin, and antioxidant defence in resistance of chronically adapted Jurkat T cells to hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:87-100. [PMID: 24333634 PMCID: PMC4046229 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To examine the role of intracellular labile iron pool (LIP), ferritin (Ft), and antioxidant defence in cellular resistance to oxidative stress on chronic adaptation, a new H2O2-resistant Jurkat T cell line "HJ16" was developed by gradual adaptation of parental "J16" cells to high concentrations of H2O2. Compared to J16 cells, HJ16 cells exhibited much higher resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative damage and necrotic cell death (up to 3mM) and had enhanced antioxidant defence in the form of significantly higher intracellular glutathione and mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) levels as well as higher glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activity. In contrast, the level of the Ft H-subunit (FtH) in the H2O2-adapted cell line was found to be 7-fold lower than in the parental J16 cell line. While H2O2 concentrations higher than 0.1mM fully depleted the glutathione content of J16 cells, in HJ16 cells the same treatments decreased the cellular glutathione content to only half of the original value. In HJ16 cells, H2O2 concentrations higher than 0.1mM increased the level of FtMt up to 4-fold of their control values but had no effect on the FtMt levels in J16 cells. Furthermore, while the basal cytosolic level of LIP was similar in both cell lines, H2O2 treatment substantially increased the cytosolic LIP levels in J16 but not in HJ16 cells. H2O2 treatment also substantially decreased the FtH levels in J16 cells (up to 70% of the control value). In contrast in HJ16 cells, FtH levels were not affected by H2O2 treatment. These results indicate that chronic adaptation of J16 cells to high concentrations of H2O2 has provoked a series of novel and specific cellular adaptive responses that contribute to higher resistance of HJ16 cells to oxidative damage and cell death. These include increased cellular antioxidant defence in the form of higher glutathione and FtMt levels, higher GPx activity, and lower FtH levels. Further adaptive responses include the significantly reduced cellular response to oxidant-mediated glutathione depletion, FtH modulation, and labile iron release and a significant increase in FtMt levels following H2O2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthie Yiakouvaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Olivier Reelfs
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Sonia Levi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nick D Hall
- Bath Institute for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK
| | - Rex M Tyrrell
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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Ogasawara Y, Imase M, Oda H, Wakabayashi H, Ishii K. Lactoferrin directly scavenges hydroxyl radicals and undergoes oxidative self-degradation: a possible role in protection against oxidative DNA damage. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1003-13. [PMID: 24424315 PMCID: PMC3907852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15011003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the protective effect of lactoferrin against DNA damage induced by various hydroxyl radical generation systems. Lactoferrin (LF) was examined with regard to its potential role as a scavenger against radical oxygen species using bovine milk LF. Native LF, iron-saturated LF (holo-LF), and apolactoferrin (apo-LF) effectively suppressed strand breaks in plasmid DNA due to hydroxyl radicals produced by the Fenton reaction. In addition, both native LF and holo-LF clearly protected calf thymus DNA from fragmentation due to ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of H2O2. We also demonstrated a protective effect of all three LF molecules against 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation in calf thymus DNA following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation with H2O2. Our results clearly indicate that native LF has reactive oxygen species-scavenging ability, independent of its nature as a masking component for transient metals. We also demonstrated that the protective effect of LF against oxidative DNA damage is due to degradation of LF itself, which is more susceptible to degradation than other bovine milk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ogasawara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Megumi Imase
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Hirotsugu Oda
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Ishii
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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A purified feverfew extract protects from oxidative damage by inducing DNA repair in skin cells via a PI3-kinase-dependent Nrf2/ARE pathway. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:304-10. [PMID: 24035441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors such as solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and other external aggressors provide an oxidative challenge that is detrimental to skin health. The levels of endogenous antioxidants decrease with age, thus resulting in less protection and a greater potential for skin damage. The NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) - antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway is a primary defense mechanism against oxidative stress, and induces the expression of antioxidant, detoxification and repair genes. Activation of ARE-Nrf2 can help restore oxidative homeostasis of the skin and play a role in inflammatory response and DNA repair mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of a purified parthenolide-depleted Feverfew (PD-Feverfew) extract on the ARE-Nrf2 pathway and DNA repair in skin cells. METHODS These studies were undertaken in primary human keratinocytes or KB cells using Luciferase Promoter assay, siRNA transfection studies, Western blot analyses, Immunofluorescence microscopy, comet assay and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS PD-Feverfew was found to induce Nrf2 nuclear translocation and to increase ARE activity in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, knockdown of Nrf2 resulted in suppression of PD-Feverfew-induced ARE activity. PD-Feverfew was also found to induce phosphorylation of Akt, a kinase downstream of PI3K. Inhibition of PI3K via pre-treatment with the selective pharmacological inhibitor, LY294002, abolished PD-Feverfew-induced Nrf2/ARE activation. PD-Feverfew also reduced UV-induced DNA damage in a PI3K and Nrf2-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, by increasing endogenous defense mechanisms and aid in DNA repair of damaged skin cells via activation of a PI3K-dependent Nrf2/ARE pathway, PD-Feverfew may help protect the skin from numerous environmental aggressors.
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Goswami S, Sharma S, Haldar C. The oxidative damages caused by ultraviolet radiation type C (UVC) to a tropical rodent Funambulus pennanti: Role of melatonin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 125:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Thamm OC, Theodorou P, Stuermer E, Zinser MJ, Neugebauer EA, Fuchs PC, Koenen P. Adipose-derived stem cells and keratinocytes in a chronic wound cell culture model: the role of hydroxyectoine. Int Wound J 2013; 12:387-96. [PMID: 23841674 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a major socio-economic problem in developed countries today. Wound healing is a complex biological process. It requires a well-orchestrated interaction of mediators, resident cells and infiltrating cells. In this context, mesenchymal stem cells and keratinocytes play a crucial role in tissue regeneration. In chronic wounds these processes are disturbed and cell viability is reduced. Hydroxyectoine (HyEc) is a membrane protecting osmolyte with protein and macromolecule stabilising properties. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and keratinocytes were cultured with chronic wound fluid (CWF) and treated with HyEc. Proliferation was investigated using MTT test and migration was examined with transwell-migration assay and scratch assay. Gene expression changes of basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CWF significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. Addition of HyEc did not affect these results. Proliferation capacity of ASC was not influenced by CWF whereas migration was significantly enhanced. HyEc significantly reduced ASC migration. Expression of b-FGF, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in ASC, and b-FGF, VEGF and MMP-9 in keratinocytes was strongly induced by chronic wound fluid. HyEc enhanced CWF induced gene expression of VEGF in ASC and MMP-9 in keratinocytes. CWF negatively impaired keratinocyte function, which was not influenced by HyEc. ASC migration was stimulated by CWF, whereas HyEc significantly inhibited migration of ASC. CWF induced gene expression of VEGF in ASC and MMP-9 in keratinocytes was enhanced by HyEc, which might partly be explained by an RNA stabilising effect of HyEc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Thamm
- Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Handsurgery, Burn Care Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Köln, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Theodorou
- Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Handsurgery, Burn Care Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Köln, Germany
| | - Ewa Stuermer
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University of Witten/Herdecke, Köln, Germany
| | - Max J Zinser
- Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Handsurgery, Burn Care Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Köln, Germany
| | - Edmund A Neugebauer
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University of Witten/Herdecke, Köln, Germany
| | - Paul C Fuchs
- Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Handsurgery, Burn Care Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Köln, Germany
| | - Paola Koenen
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Köln, Germany
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Lee C, Park GH, Ahn EM, Kim BA, Park CI, Jang JH. Protective effect of Codium fragile against UVB-induced pro-inflammatory and oxidative damages in HaCaT cells and BALB/c mice. Fitoterapia 2013; 86:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ikehata H, Munakata N, Ono T. Skin can control solar UVR-induced mutations through the epidermis-specific response of mutation induction suppression. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:2008-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bose S, Michniak-Kohn B. Preparation and characterization of lipid based nanosystems for topical delivery of quercetin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 48:442-52. [PMID: 23246734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of lipid nanosystems for topical delivery of the naturally occurring flavonoid quercetin. These lipid based nanosystems were manufactured using a solvent free probe ultrasonication process. Formulation factors such as the nature of the lipid (solid/combination of solid and liquid) in solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) systems and drug loading were evaluated to produce an optimum formulation with adequate physical stability for up to 14 weeks at 2-8°C. The mean particle size of the optimized formulation was around 282 nm, with a zeta potential value of -36.57 ± 2.67 mV, indicating the formation of a stable system. Release studies showed a biphasic release profile, characterized by an initial burst release followed by a more controlled release pattern from both SLN and NLC systems. The NLC system showed the highest improvement in topical delivery of quercetin manifested by the amount of quercetin retained in full thickness human skin, compared to a control formulation with similar composition and particle size in the micrometer range. This study demonstrated the feasibility of nanostructured lipid carrier systems for improved topical delivery of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Bose
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ 07936, United States
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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Tai MH, Weng CH, Mon DP, Hu CY, Wu MH. Ultraviolet C irradiation induces different expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in NIH 3T3 cells and A431 cells: the roles of COX-2 are different in various cell lines. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:4351-4366. [PMID: 22605982 PMCID: PMC3344218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet C (UVC) is a DNA damage inducer, and 20 J/m2 of UVC irradiation caused cell growth inhibition and induced cell death after exposure for 24–36 h. The growth of NIH 3T3 cells was significantly suppressed at 24 h after UVC irradiation whereas the proliferation of A431 cells was inhibited until 36 h after UVC irradiation. UVC irradiation increased COX-2 expression and such up-regulation reached a maximum during 3–6 h in NIH 3T3 cells. In contrast, UVC-induced COX-2 reached a maximum after 24–36 h in A431 cells. Measuring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level showed a biphasic profile that PGE2 release was rapidly elevated in 1–12 h after UVC irradiation and increased again at 24 h in both cell lines. Treatment with the selective COX-2 inhibitor, SC-791, during maximum expression of COX-2 induction, attenuated the UVC induced-growth inhibition in NIH 3T3 cells. In contrast, SC-791 treatment after UVC irradiation enhanced death of A431 cells. These data showed that the patterns of UVC-induced PGE2 secretion from NIH 3T3 cells and A431 cells were similar despite the differential profile in UVC-induced COX-2 up-regulation. Besides, COX-2 might play different roles in cellular response to UVC irradiation in various cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chien-Hui Weng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Dir-Pu Mon
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; E-Mails: (D.-P.M.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chun-Yi Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; E-Mails: (D.-P.M.); (C.-Y.H.)
- Research Center of Health Food, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; E-Mails: (D.-P.M.); (C.-Y.H.)
- Research Center of Health Food, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-7-7811151 (ext. 6800); Fax: +886-7-7861949
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Aroun A, Zhong JL, Tyrrell RM, Pourzand C. Iron, oxidative stress and the example of solar ultraviolet A radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:118-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05204g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sun Y, Kojima C, Chignell C, Mason R, Waalkes MP. Arsenic transformation predisposes human skin keratinocytes to UV-induced DNA damage yet enhances their survival apparently by diminishing oxidant response. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 255:242-50. [PMID: 21820459 PMCID: PMC3169845 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic and UV, both human skin carcinogens, may act together as skin co-carcinogens. We find human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) are malignantly transformed by low-level arsenite (100nM, 30weeks; termed As-TM cells) and with transformation concurrently undergo full adaptation to arsenic toxicity involving reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress response to high arsenite concentrations. Oxidative DNA damage (ODD) is a possible mechanism in arsenic carcinogenesis and a hallmark of UV-induced skin cancer. In the current work, inorganic arsenite exposure (100nM) did not induce ODD during the 30weeks required for malignant transformation. Although acute UV-treatment (UVA, 25J/cm(2)) increased ODD in passage-matched control cells, once transformed by arsenic to As-TM cells, acute UV actually further increased ODD (>50%). Despite enhanced ODD, As-TM cells were resistant to UV-induced apoptosis. The response of apoptotic factors and oxidative stress genes was strongly mitigated in As-TM cells after UV exposure including increased Bcl2/Bax ratio and reduced Caspase-3, Nrf2, and Keap1 expression. Several Nrf2-related genes (HO-1, GCLs, SOD) showed diminished responses in As-TM cells after UV exposure consistent with reduced oxidant stress response. UV-exposed As-TM cells showed increased expression of cyclin D1 (proliferation gene) and decreased p16 (tumor suppressor). UV exposure enhanced the malignant phenotype of As-TM cells. Thus, the co-carcinogenicity between UV and arsenic in skin cancer might involve adaptation to chronic arsenic exposure generally mitigating the oxidative stress response, allowing apoptotic by-pass after UV and enhanced cell survival even in the face of increased UV-induced oxidative stress and increased ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and National Toxicology Laboratories, National Toxicology Program, the National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Chikara Kojima
- Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and National Toxicology Laboratories, National Toxicology Program, the National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Colin Chignell
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Ronald Mason
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Michael P. Waalkes
- Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and National Toxicology Laboratories, National Toxicology Program, the National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Russo A, Cardile V, Caggia S, Gunther G, Troncoso N, Garbarino J. Boldo prevents UV light and nitric oxide-mediated plasmid DNA damage and reduces the expression of Hsp70 protein in melanoma cancer cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:1219-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study was designed to investigate the potential protective effect of a methanolic extract of Peumus boldus leaves on UV light and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated DNA damage. In addition, we investigated the growth inhibitory activity of this natural product against human melanoma cells (M14).
Methods
Boldine, catechin, quercetin and rutin were identified using a HPLC method. The extract was incubated with plasmid DNA and, before irradiating the samples with UV-R, H2O2 was added. For analysis of DNA single-strand breaks induced by NO, the experiments were performed by incubating the extract with Angeli's salt. In the study on M14 cell line, cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Release of lactate dehydrogenase, a marker of membrane breakdown, was also measured. For the detection of apoptosis, the evaluation of DNA fragmentation (COMET assay) and caspase-3 activity assay were employed. The expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) was detected by Western blot analysis. Generation of reactive oxygen species was measured by using a fluorescent probe.
Key findings
The extract (demonstrating the synergistic effect of the constituents boldine and flavonoids), showed a protective effect on plasmid DNA and selectively inhibited the growth of melanoma cells. But a novel finding was that apoptosis evoked by this natural product in M14 cells, appears to be mediated, at least in part, via the inhibition of Hsp70 expression, which may be correlated with a modulation of redox-sensitive mechanisms.
Conclusions
These results confirm the promising biological properties of Peumus boldus and encourage in-vivo investigations into its potential anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Russo
- Departments of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Departments of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Caggia
- Departments of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Germán Gunther
- Departments of Laboratorio de Cinética y Fotoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Garbarino
- Department of Chemistry, University T.F. Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile
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Matito C, Agell N, Sanchez-Tena S, Torres JL, Cascante M. Protective effect of structurally diverse grape procyanidin fractions against UV-induced cell damage and death. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4489-4495. [PMID: 21405100 DOI: 10.1021/jf103692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UV radiation leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These molecules exert a variety of harmful effects by altering key cellular functions and may result in cell death. Several studies have demonstrated that human skin can be protected against UV radiation by using plant-derived antioxidants. Here we evaluated the in vitro capacity of several antioxidant polyphenolic fractions from grape, which differ in their degree of polymerization and percentage of galloylation, to protect HaCaT human keratinocytes against UV-induced oxidative damage. These fractions inhibited both basal and UVB- or UVA-induced intracellular ROS generation in this cell line. Consequently, the same fractions inhibited p38 and JNK1/2 activation induced by UVB or UVA radiation. The highest protective effect was for fractions rich in procyanidin oligomers and gallate esters. These encouraging in vitro results support further research and should be taken into consideration into the clinical pharmacology of plant-derived polyphenolic extracts as novel agents for skin photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Matito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona and IBUB, Unit Associated with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Jin S, Zhou B, Luo D. Hesperidin promotes cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer repair in UVB-exposed mice epidermis. Ir J Med Sci 2010; 180:709-14. [PMID: 20535600 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-010-0503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether topical application of hesperin affords protection to Balb/C mice epidermis from UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). METHODS A DNA damage model of UVB irradiation-induced mice epidermis was established. The immunohistochemical staining and southwestern dot blotting were used for CPDs detection; western blotting was used for P53 detection. RESULTS Topical application of hesperidin on Balb/C mice skin significantly decreased the amount of epidermal CPDs 24 and 48 h after 180 mJ/cm(2) of UVB irradiation as compared to untreated mice. UVB-induced p53 expression was more pronounced in hesperidin-treated mice epidermis compared to that of untreated mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that topical hesperidin application promotes DNA photo-damage repair. Hesperidin is therefore a promising protective substance against UVB radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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