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Li Q, Liu Y, Zheng J, Chen Y, Liu Z, Xie Q, Li D, Xi L, Zheng J, Liu H. Potassium iodide enhances the killing effect of methylene blue mediated photodynamic therapy against F. monophora. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 48:104255. [PMID: 38901715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection that affect the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is clinically problematic due to limited treatment options, low cure rates, and high rates of relapse. This underscores the necessity for innovative treatment approaches. In this study, potassium iodide (KI) combined with Methylene Blue (MB) mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) were assessed in the treatment of Fonsecaea monophora (F. monophora) both in vitro and in vivo. And the underlying mechanism that contributes to the efficacy of this treatment approach was investigated. METHODS In vitro experiments were conducted using different combinations and concentrations of MB, KI, and 660 nm light (60 mW/cm2) to inhibit F. monophora. The study was carried out using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The production of singlet oxygen (1O2), free iodine (I2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion during the KI combined MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT process was also detected. In vivo experiments were developed using a Balb/c mouse paw infection model with F. monophora and treated with PBS, 10 mM KI, 2 mM MB +100 J/cm² and 10 mM KI+2 mM MB +100 J/cm² respectively. Inflammatory swelling, fungal load and histopathological analyses of the mouse footpads were assessed. RESULTS KI enhanced the killing effect of MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT on the conidial spores of F. monophora at the cell and infected animal model level. During the process, the main antimicrobial agents in KI combined with MB- mediated antimicrobial PDT could produce stronger toxic active species including free I2 and H2O2. CONCLUSION: KI combined with MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT could be an effective adjunct therapy for treating CBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Guangdong Clinical College of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangxia Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiulin Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Liyan Xi
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Judun Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Guangdong Clinical College of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Sautour M, Théry T, Divoux G, Dupont S, Beney L, Gros CP, Desbois N. Synthesis and characterization of new acid-functionalized porphyrins displaying antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi with or without ultra-high irradiance. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 109:117810. [PMID: 38906069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of new acid-functionalized porphyrins, with or without ultra-high irradiance, was investigated. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant or methicillin-sensitive strains) and antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the yeast Candida albicans and the filamentous fungi Aspergillus fumigatus. Overall, the porphyrins tested are more effective against S. aureus. The best results were obtained with zinc diacid porphyrins 4 and 5 after only 3 min of ultra-high irradiation (500 mW/cm2, 405 nm), demonstrating that acid-functionalized porphyrins are promising as novel antimicrobial drugs for surface disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sautour
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, University Hospital Biology Platform, Dijon University Hospital Center (CHU), 21000 Dijon, France; UMR PAM 1517, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, INRAE, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Thibaut Théry
- UMR PAM 1517, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, INRAE, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gaëlle Divoux
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Dupont
- UMR PAM 1517, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, INRAE, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Beney
- UMR PAM 1517, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, INRAE, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Claude P Gros
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France.
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3
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Marques MJAM, Alves F, Sousa MHS, Guimarães FEG, Kurachi C. Morphological aspects and the effectiveness of photodynamic inactivation against Rhizopus oryzae in different life cycles. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024:10.1007/s43630-024-00597-4. [PMID: 38806860 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is an extremely aggressive fungal disease with a high mortality rate, especially in people with compromised immune systems. Most cases of mucormycosis are caused by the fungus Rhizopus oryzae. The treatments used are based on high doses of antifungals, associated with surgical resections, when it is possible. However, even with this aggressive treatment, the estimated attributable mortality rate is high. There is therefore a need to develop adjuvant treatments. Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) may be an auxiliary therapeutic option for mucormycosis. Due to the lack of reports in the literature on the morphology and photodynamic inactivation of R. oryzae, characterization of the fungus using Confocal Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy, and different protocols using Photodithazine® (PDZ), a chlorin e6 compound, as a photosensitizer, were performed. The fungus growth rate under different concentrations and incubation times of the photosensitizer and its association with the surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) was evaluated. For the hyphae, both in the light and dark phases, in the protocols using only PDZ, no effective photodynamic response was observed. Meanwhile with the combination of SDS 0.05% and PDZ, inhibition growth rates of 98% and 72% were achieved for the white and black phase, respectively. In the conidia phase, only a 1.7 log10 reduction of the infective spores was observed. High concentration of melanin and the complex and resistant structures, especially at the black phase, results in a high limitation of the PDI inactivation response. The combined use of the SDS resulted in an improved response, when compared to the one obtained with the amphotericin B treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J A M Marques
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - F Alves
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - M H S Sousa
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - F E G Guimarães
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - C Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
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Chen X, Liang Y, Guo Z, Huang R, Zheng W, Wu W, Li W. Photodynamic therapy combined with antifungal drugs against kerion: A report of six cases and literature review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104039. [PMID: 38452908 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Kerion, a severe manifestation of tinea capitis caused by dermatophytes, is a fungal skin disease primarily affecting children. This report discusses six cases of pediatric kerion that were successfully treated with a combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and antifungal agents. Additionally, we conducted a literature review, identifying and analyzing six published reports on kerion and tinea capitis. The characteristics and efficacies of these cases are summarized. In summary, early combination therapy and proactive pre-treatment interventions proved effective in maximizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing disease duration and minimizing adverse reactions such as cicatricial alopecia. This approach has emerged as a favorable choice for the treatment of kerion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Plastic and Dermatologic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Plastic and Dermatological Surgery, Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yujia Liang
- Department of Plastic and Dermatologic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Plastic and Dermatological Surgery, Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ziyu Guo
- Department of Plastic and Dermatologic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Plastic and Dermatological Surgery, Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ruiye Huang
- Department of Plastic and Dermatologic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Plastic and Dermatological Surgery, Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenai Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Plastic and Dermatologic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Plastic and Dermatological Surgery, Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Plastic and Dermatologic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Plastic and Dermatological Surgery, Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Ludwig-Begall LF, Heyne B. aPDI meets PPE: photochemical decontamination in healthcare using methylene blue-where are we now, where will we go? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:215-223. [PMID: 38165604 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Personal protective equipment (PPE) reuse, first recommended in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, can mitigate shortages in crisis situations and can greatly reduce the environmental impact of typically single-use PPE. Prior to safe reuse, PPE must be sanitized and contaminating pathogens-in current circumstances viruses in particular-must be inactivated. However, many established decontamination procedures are not equitable and remain unavailable in low-resource settings. In mid-2020, an interdisciplinary consortium of researchers first studied the potential of implementing cheap and easy-to-use antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) using methylene blue as photosensitizer to decontaminate face masks and filtering facepiece respirators. In this perspective piece, we describe the development of this novel method, discuss recent advances, and offer insights into how equitable PPE decontamination via methylene blue-based aPDI may be integrated into circular economy policies in the healthcare sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa F Ludwig-Begall
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Belinda Heyne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Yang G, Chen W. In vitro effects of Er: YAG laser-activated photodynamic therapy on Enterococcus faecalis in root canal treatment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103992. [PMID: 38281611 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Photodynamic therapy (PDT) plays an important role for root canal disinfection. Nevertheless, the effect of photosensitizers penetrating dentin tubules is limited, which ultimately impedes the disinfection effect of PDT. The study implements an Er: YAG laser to activate methylene blue, the photosensitizer, to determine the bactericidal impact of PDT on Enterococcus faecalis in vitro root canals. METHODS We obtained 53 single root canal teeth with intact roots, standardized the root to 9 mm. The root canals were prepared using ProTaper rotary files. Subsequently, the teeth were sterilized, and Enterococcus faecalis was cultured for 3 weeks in vitro using brain heart infusion (BHI). The model of Enterococcus faecalis root canal infection of teeth was constructed by observing Enterococcus faecalis through electron microscope scanning. The teeth were randomly allocated to five treatment groups (n = 10): control, NaOCl, NaOCl + Er: YAG, PDT, and PDT + Er: YAG. Following treatment, the number of colony forming units (CFU)/ml was assessed for each group. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA, with post-hoc analysis using Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The colony counts in the remaining groups were significantly lower compared to the control group (P<0.001). Using PDT alone had the least impact on reducing colonies, while using PDT and Er: YAG laser together resulted in a significant reduction in colony counts (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in colony counts reduction between the NaOCl + Er: YAG group and the PDT + Er: YAG group (P = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS The combination of Er: YAG laser and PDT significantly enhanced the bactericidal efficacy of PDT against Enterococcus faecalis in root canals. It had a similar impact on eliminating Enterococcus faecalis when compared to the effect of using Er: YAG laser and NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiting Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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Rakasevic D, Marinkovic J, Rakonjac B, Arce M, Joksimovic E, Markovic J, Kulic M, Hadzi-Mihailovic M, Markovic A. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy efficacy vs. conventional antifungal therapy in patients with poor-fitting dentures suffering from denture stomatitis. A prospective clinical study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103913. [PMID: 38049045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term use of antifungal therapy in denture stomatitis (DS) treatment could be accompanied by antifungal-resistant strain onset, leading to compromised therapeutic procedure and disease reappearance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown the ability to eradicate oral infections and resistance strains. This prospective clinical study aimed to assess the PDT's effectiveness compared to the conventional treatment on clinical and microbiological parameters in patients with DS without denture wear during the treatment and follow-ups. METHODS Forty-two patients diagnosed with DS were randomly assigned to one-session single PDT application (test group) or conventional antifungal therapy (control group). Clinical and microbiological parameters were assessed and analyzed before and at 3rd, 15th, and 30th day following the treatments. Microbiological samples were analyzed by a Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The data was statistically analyzed. RESULTS Prior to the treatment, Candida species, including C. albicans (100%), C. glabrata (33%), C. tropicalis (31%), C. krusei (31%) were isolated in all patients. Both treatment procedures demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in C. albicans at all follow-up time intervals (p < 0.05). However, PDT displayed a statistically significant reduction in C. krusei compared to the conventional treatment at all follow-up periods (p < 0.05). Clinical parameters improved considerably in the test group compared to the control group at the 3rd and 15th day of follow-up. CONCLUSION One-session single PDT application demonstrated significant improvement in both clinical and microbiological outcomes in a short-term period, resulting in complete Candida spp. eradication compared to conventional antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Rakasevic
- Implant and Research Centre, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jelena Marinkovic
- Institute for Nuclear Science, Vinca, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Rakonjac
- Institute for Microbiology, Medical Military Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marion Arce
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Ena Joksimovic
- Department of Prosthodontic, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Markovic
- Implant and Research Centre, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kulic
- University Hospital Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Hadzi-Mihailovic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksa Markovic
- Implant and Research Centre, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Savoia P, Azzimonti B, Rolla R, Zavattaro E. Role of the Microbiota in Skin Neoplasms: New Therapeutic Horizons. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2386. [PMID: 37894044 PMCID: PMC10608979 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin and the gut are regularly colonized by a variety of microorganisms capable of interacting with the immune system through their metabolites and influencing the balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. Alterations in the composition and diversity of the skin microbiota have been described in various cutaneous diseases, including skin cancer, and the actual function of the human microbiota in skin carcinogenesis, such as in progression and metastasis, is currently an active area of research. The role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is well consolidated, especially in chronically immunosuppressed patients. Furthermore, an imbalance between Staphylococcus spp., such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and aureus, has been found to be strongly related to the progression from actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma and differently associated with various stages of the diseases in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients. Also, in melanoma patients, differences in microbiota have been related to dissimilar disease course and prognosis and may affect the effectiveness and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which currently represent one of the best chances of a cure. From this point of view, acting on microbiota can be considered a possible therapeutic option for patients with advanced skin cancers, even if several issues are still open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Science, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (B.A.); (R.R.); (E.Z.)
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Zheng M, Zhou X, Pang J, Yang Z, Zou Y, Zhang L, Xu Y, Yin R. New methylene blue-mediated photodynamic inactivation of multidrug-resistant Fonsecaea nubica infected chromoblastomycosis in vitro. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:873-883. [PMID: 37145297 PMCID: PMC10234991 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is a fungal disease presented with local warty papule, plaque, and verrucous nodules. In addition, the incidence and drug resistance of chromoblastomycosis are increasing each year worldwide. Photodynamic therapy is a promising method to treat mycoses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of new methylene blue (NMB)-induced PDT on multidrug-resistant chromoblastomycosis in vitro. We isolated one wild-type strain pathogen from one clinical patient diagnosed with chromoblastomycosis for over 27 years. The pathogen was identified by histopathology, the morphology of fungal culture, and genetic testing. Drug susceptibility testing was performed on the isolate. It was cultured with logarithmic growth phase spore in vitro and incubated with different concentrations of NMB for 30 min, and received illumination by red light-emitted diode with different light doses. After photodynamic treatment, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were conducted. The pathogen was Fonsecaea nubica, and it was resistant to itraconazole, terbinafine, amphotericin B, voriconazole andcaspofungin. At the same NMB concentration, the sterilization efficiency of NMB-photodynamic therapy (PDT) on F. nubica increased with increasing light intensity; F. nubica was completely killed at 25 µmol/L NMB with a light dose of 40 J/cm2 or 50 µmol/L NMB and light doses of ≥ 30 J/cm2. SEM and TEM observed ultrastructural changes after PDT. NMB-PDT inactivates the survival of multidrug-resistant F. nubica in vitro; it therefore has the potential to become an alternative or adjuvant treatment for refractory chromoblastomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiayin Pang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zengjun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongzhen Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rui Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Hohlfeld BF, Steen D, Wieland GD, Achazi K, Kulak N, Haag R, Wiehe A. Bromo- and glycosyl-substituted BODIPYs for application in photodynamic therapy and imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3105-3120. [PMID: 36799212 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of heavy atoms into the BODIPY-core structure has proven to be a straightforward strategy for optimizing the design of such dyes towards enhanced generation of singlet oxygen rendering them suitable as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, BODIPYs are presented by combining the concept of bromination with nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of a pentafluorophenyl or a 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl moiety to introduce functional groups, thus improving the phototoxic effect of the BODIPYs as well as their solubility in the biological environment. The nucleophilic substitution enabled functionalization with various amines and alcohols as well as unprotected thiocarbohydrates. The phototoxic activity of these more than 50 BODIPYs has been assessed in cellular assays against four cancer cell lines in order to more broadly evaluate their PDT potential, thus accounting for the known variability between cell lines with respect to PDT activity. In these investigations, dibrominated polar-substituted BODIPYs, particularly dibrominated glyco-substituted compounds, showed promising potential as photomedicine candidates. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of the glycosylated BODIPYs has been confirmed via fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Hohlfeld
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Dorika Steen
- Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Kulak
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Galinari CB, Biachi TDP, Gonçalves RS, Cesar GB, Bergmann EV, Malacarne LC, Kioshima Cotica ÉS, Bonfim-Mendonça PDS, Svidzinski TIE. Photoactivity of hypericin: from natural product to antifungal application. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:38-56. [PMID: 35171731 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2036100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Considering the multifaceted and increasing application of photodynamic therapy (PDT), in recent years the antimicrobial employment of this therapy has been highlighted, because of the antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antifungal activities that have already been demonstrated. In this context, research focussed on antimycological action, especially for treatment of superficial infections, presents promising growth due to the characteristics of these infections that facilitate PDT application as new therapeutic options are needed in the field of medical mycology. Among the more than one hundred classes of photosensitizers the antifungal action of hypericin (Hyp) stands out due to its ability to permeate the lipid membrane and accumulate in different cytoplasmic organelles of eukaryotic cells. In this review, we aim to provide a complete overview of the origin, physicochemical characteristics, and optimal alternative drug deliveries that promote the photodynamic action of Hyp (Hyp-PDT) against fungi. Furthermore, considering the lack of a methodological consensus, we intend to compile the best strategies to guide researchers in the antifungal application of Hyp-PDT. Overall, this review provides a future perspective of new studies and clinical possibilities for the advances of such a technique in the treatment of mycoses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Barros Galinari
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tiago de Paula Biachi
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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12
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D’Ercole S, Carlesi T, Dotta TC, Pierfelice TV, D’Amico E, Tripodi D, Iezzi G, Piattelli A, Petrini M. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Red Led in Endodontics: A Narrative Review and Case Report. Gels 2022; 8:697. [PMID: 36354605 PMCID: PMC9689491 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to discuss the main factors involving the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid together with red LED light and its application in endodontic treatment through a narrative review and a case report. Persistence of microorganisms remaining on chemical-mechanical preparation or intracanal dressing is reported as the leading cause of failure in endodontics. Photodynamic therapy has become a promising antimicrobial strategy as an aid to endodontic treatment. Being easy and quick to apply, it can be used both in a single session and in several sessions, as well as not allowing forms of microbial resistance. 5-aminolevulinic acid in combination with red LED light has recently been studied in many branches of medicine, with good results against numerous types of bacteria including Enterococuss faecalis. The case report showed how bacterial count of CFU decreased by half (210 CFU/mL), after 45 min of irrigation with a gel containing 5% of 5-aminolevulinic acid compared to the sample before irrigation (420 CFU/mL). The subsequent irradiation of red LED light for 7 min, the bacterial count was equal to 0. Thus, it is concluded that the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid together with red LED light is effective in endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta D’Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Teocrito Carlesi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Tatiane Cristina Dotta
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Tania Vanessa Pierfelice
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Emira D’Amico
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences (Unicamillus), 00131 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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13
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Braga GÚL, Silva-Junior GJ, Brancini GTP, Hallsworth JE, Wainwright M. Photoantimicrobials in agriculture. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 235:112548. [PMID: 36067596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Classical approaches for controlling plant pathogens may be impaired by the development of pathogen resistance to chemical pesticides and by limited availability of effective antimicrobial agents. Recent increases in consumer awareness of and/or legislation regarding environmental and human health, and the urgent need to improve food security, are driving increased demand for safer antimicrobial strategies. Therefore, there is a need for a step change in the approaches used for controlling pre- and post-harvest diseases and foodborne human pathogens. The use of light-activated antimicrobial substances for the so-called antimicrobial photodynamic treatment is known to be effective not only in a clinical context, but also for use in agriculture to control plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria, and to eliminate foodborne human pathogens from seeds, sprouted seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Here, we take a holistic approach to review and re-evaluate recent findings on: (i) the ecology of naturally-occurring photoantimicrobials, (ii) photodynamic processes including the light-activated antimicrobial activities of some plant metabolites, and (iii) fungus-induced photosensitization of plants. The inhibitory mechanisms of both natural and synthetic light-activated substances, known as photosensitizers, are discussed in the contexts of microbial stress biology and agricultural biotechnology. Their modes-of-antimicrobial action make them neither stressors nor toxins/toxicants (with specific modes of poisonous activity), but a hybrid/combination of both. We highlight the use of photoantimicrobials for the control of plant-pathogenic fungi and quantify their potential contribution to global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | | | - Guilherme T P Brancini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
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14
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Tan Y, Ma Y, Fu S, Zhang A. Facile construction of fluorescent C 70-COOH nanoparticles with advanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm photodynamic activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112507. [PMID: 35810597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic antibacterial therapy has been considered as one of the most promising treatments to alleviate the spread of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens. Given the hypoxic environment of infectious tissues, photosensitizers with reduced oxygen-demand could exhibit superiority upon irradiation. Herein reported is a novel C70-based photosensitizers synthesized by the facile one-step thiol-ene reaction. Various characterization techniques were employed to confirm the structural, photoluminescent properties, photostability and biocompatibility of the as-synthesized C70-COOH nanoparticles. Furthermore, they were capable of efficiently producing reactive oxygen species following both the type I and II mechanistic pathways, thus still generating adequate free radicals under hypoxic condition. Therefore, they could approach and destroy the bacterial cell membrane in the presence of visible light, thereby causing cytoplasmic leakage and eventually achieving broad-spectrum inactivation of four representative bacterial strains. Especially, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were completely eliminated after merely 10 minutes irradiation, and the formation of its corresponding biofilm were also greatly inhibited by C70-COOH nanoparticles. These results provide new insights and opportunities for the development of hypoxia-tolerant fullerene-based photosensitizers to combat multidrug resistant bacterial and related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yihan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Sheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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15
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5-Aminolevulinic acid fluorescence in brain non-neoplastic lesions: a systematic review and case series. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:3139-3148. [PMID: 35972631 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is used to assist brain tumor resection, especially for high-grade gliomas but also for low-grade gliomas, metastasis, and meningiomas. With the increasing use of this technique, even to assist biopsies, high-grade glioma-mimicking lesions had misled diagnosis by showing 5-ALA fluorescence in non-neoplastic lesions such as radiation necrosis and inflammatory or infectious disease. Since only isolated reports have been published, we systematically review papers reporting non-neoplastic lesion cases with 5-ALA according with the PRISMA guidelines, present our series, and discuss its pathophysiology. In total, 245 articles were identified and 12 were extracted according to our inclusion criteria. Analyzing 27 patients, high-grade glioma was postulated as preoperative diagnosis in 48% of the cases. Microsurgical resection was performed in 19 cases (70%), while 8 patients were submitted to biopsy (30%). We found 4 positive cases in demyelinating disease (50%), 4 in brain abscess (80%), 1 in neurocysticercosis (33%), 1 in neurotoxoplasmosis, infarction, and hematoma (100%), 4 in inflammatory disease (80%), and 3 in cortical dysplasia (100%). New indications are being considered especially in benign lesion biopsies with assistance of 5-ALA. Using fluorescence as an aid in biopsies may improve procedure time, number of samples, and necessity of intraoperative pathology. Further studies should include this technology to encourage more beneficial uses.
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16
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de Martínez Gerbi MEM, Soares IV, Miranda JM, Moreno LMM, de Melo EL, Lyra da Paz ES, de Menezes MRA, Brugnera Júnior A, Soares LGP, Pinheiro ALB. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Photodynamic Therapy and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Root Canals Infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:559-564. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iracy Vasconcelos Soares
- Laser Center, Department of Postgraduate Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Santo Amaro, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Meirinhos Miranda
- Laser Center, Department of Postgraduate Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Santo Amaro, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lara Marques Magalhães Moreno
- Laser Center, Department of Postgraduate Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Santo Amaro, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Eloiza Leonardo de Melo
- Laser Center, Department of Postgraduate Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Santo Amaro, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Eliana Santos Lyra da Paz
- Laser Center, Department of Postgraduate Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Santo Amaro, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Almeida de Menezes
- Laser Center, Department of Postgraduate Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Santo Amaro, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Aldo Brugnera Júnior
- Department of São Carlos Institute of Physics-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Pinheiro Soares
- Center of Biophotonics, Department of Propedeutics and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia—UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Barbosa Pinheiro
- Center of Biophotonics, Department of Propedeutics and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia—UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
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17
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Shirai A, Kawasaka K, Tsuchiya K. Antimicrobial action of phenolic acids combined with violet 405-nm light for disinfecting pathogenic and spoilage fungi. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 229:112411. [PMID: 35219030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the fungicidal spectrum of six phenolic-cinnamic and -benzoic acid derivatives using four fungi, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans, in a photocombination system with violet 405-nm light. This is the first study to examine the fungicidal mechanism involving oxidative damage using the conidium of A. niger, as well as an assessment of cellular function and chemical characteristics. The results of the screening assay indicated that ferulic acid (FA) and vanillic acid (VA), which possess 4-hydroxyl and 3-methoxy groups in their phenolic acid structures, produced synergistic activity with 405-nm light irradiation. FA and VA (5.0 mM) significantly decreased the viability of A. niger by 2.4 to 2.6-logs under 90-min irradiation. The synergistic effects were attenuated by the addition of the radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, were confirmed in the phenolic acid solutions tested after irradiation with colorimetric and electron spin resonance analyses. Adsorption of FA and VA to conidia was greater than other tested phenolic acids, and produced 1.55- and 1.85-fold elevation of intracellular ROS levels, as determined using an oxidant-sensitive probe with flow cytometry analysis. However, cell wall or membrane damage was not the main mechanism by which the combination-induced fungal death was mediated. Intracellular ATP was drastically diminished (5% of control levels) following combined treatment with FA and light exposure, even under a condition that produced negligible decreases in viability, thereby resulting in pronounced growth delay. These results suggest that the first stage in the photofungicidal mechanism is oxidative damage to mitochondria or the cellular catabolism system associated with ATP synthesis, which is a result of the photoreaction of phenolic acids adsorbed and internalized by conidia. This photo-technology in combination with food-grade phenolic acids can aid in developing alternative approaches for disinfection of pathogenic and spoilage fungi in the fields of agriculture, food processing and medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shirai
- Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan; Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Kaito Kawasaka
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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18
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Ghaemi B, Hashemi SJ, Kharrazi S, Moshiri A, Kargar Jahromi H, Amani A. Photodynamic therapy-mediated extirpation of cutaneous resistant dermatophytosis with Ag@ZnO nanoparticles: an efficient therapeutic approach for onychomycosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:219-236. [PMID: 35118874 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether photodynamic therapy of resistant onychomycosis with Ag@ZnO nanoparticles can promote the treatment procedure and extirpates the recurrence of fungal infection. Methods: Ag@ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) under UVB-radiation were applied to treat T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes in vitro through photodynamic therapy. In vivo therapeutic efficacy, biocompatibility and biodistribution of Ag@ZnO NPs were studied. Results: 40 μg/ml of UVB-activated Ag@ZnO NPs showed 100% antifungal activity against dermatophytosis in vitro and in vivo followed by complete growth prevention by degeneration of spores and mycelium after 180 days, while posed biocompatibility. Conclusion: This study showed the superiority of photodynamic therapy with Ag@ZnO NPs followed by proper regeneration of the skin with Zinc ion of the shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ghaemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, 1417755469, Iran.,Food Microbiology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Sharmin Kharrazi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Microbiology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran.,Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Hossein Kargar Jahromi
- Research Centre for Non-Communicable Disease, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- Natural Products & Medicinal Plants Research Centre, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.,Medical Biomaterial Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
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19
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Delcanale P, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C. Photodynamic treatment of pathogens. LA RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO 2022; 45:407-459. [PMCID: PMC8921710 DOI: 10.1007/s40766-022-00031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The current viral pandemic has highlighted the compelling need for effective and versatile treatments, that can be quickly tuned to tackle new threats, and are robust against mutations. Development of such treatments is made even more urgent in view of the decreasing effectiveness of current antibiotics, that makes microbial infections the next emerging global threat. Photodynamic effect is one such method. It relies on physical processes proceeding from excited states of particular organic molecules, called photosensitizers, generated upon absorption of visible or near infrared light. The excited states of these molecules, tailored to undergo efficient intersystem crossing, interact with molecular oxygen and generate short lived reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly singlet oxygen. These species are highly cytotoxic through non-specific oxidation reactions and constitute the basis of the treatment. In spite of the apparent simplicity of the principle, the method still has to face important challenges. For instance, the short lifetime of ROS means that the photosensitizer must reach the target within a few tens nanometers, which requires proper molecular engineering at the nanoscale level. Photoactive nanostructures thus engineered should ideally comprise a functionality that turns the system into a theranostic means, for instance, through introduction of fluorophores suitable for nanoscopy. We discuss the principles of the method and the current molecular strategies that have been and still are being explored in antimicrobial and antiviral photodynamic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Delcanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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20
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Synthetic approaches for BF2-containing adducts of outstanding biological potential. A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Zhu S, Song Y, Pei J, Xue F, Cui X, Xiong X, Li C. The application of photodynamic inactivation to microorganisms in food. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100150. [PMID: 34761205 PMCID: PMC8566761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progresses in the development of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of bacteria were summarized. Key factors influencing the PDI effects were firstly reviewed. Photosensitizers which can be applied in food products for PDI are summarized. Application of PDI in various food substrates are also reviewed.
Nowadays, food safety issues have drawn increased attention due to the continual occurrence of infectious diseases caused by foodborne pathogens, which is an important factor causing food safety hazard. Meanwhile, the emergence of an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is a worrisome phenomenon. Therefore, it is imperative to find new technologies with low-cost to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms and prevent cross-contamination. Compared with traditional preservatives, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has emerged as a novel and promising strategy to eliminate foodborne pathogens with advantages such as non-toxic and low microbial resistance, which also meets the demand of current consumers for green treatment. Over the past few years, reports of using this technology for food safety have increased rapidly. This review summarizes recent progresses in the development of photodynamic inactivation of foodborne microorganisms. The mechanisms, factors influencing PDI and the application of different photosensitizers (PSs) in different food substrates are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yukang Song
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jiliu Pei
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Cui
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
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22
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Versace DL, Breloy L, Palierse E, Coradin T. Contributions of photochemistry to bio-based antibacterial polymer materials. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9624-9641. [PMID: 34807217 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surgical site infections constitute a major health concern that may be addressed by conferring antibacterial properties to surgical tools and medical devices via functional coatings. Bio-sourced polymers are particularly well-suited to prepare such coatings as they are usually safe and can exhibit intrinsic antibacterial properties or serve as hosts for bactericidal agents. The goal of this Review is to highlight the unique contribution of photochemistry as a green and mild methodology for the development of such bio-based antibacterial materials. Photo-generation and photo-activation of bactericidal materials are illustrated. Recent efforts and current challenges to optimize the sustainability of the process, improve the safety of the materials and extend these strategies to 3D biomaterials are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy-Louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE, UMR-CNRS 7182), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France.
| | - Louise Breloy
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE, UMR-CNRS 7182), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France.
| | - Estelle Palierse
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), UMR 7574, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), UMR 7197, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Coradin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), UMR 7574, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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23
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Cui Z, Zhang M, Geng S, Niu X, Wang X, Zhu Y, Ye F, Liu C. Antifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:749106. [PMID: 34867868 PMCID: PMC8637056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.749106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious dermatological diseases caused by Malassezia furfur are often chronic, recurrent, and recalcitrant. Current therapeutic options are usually tedious, repetitive, and associated with adverse effects. Alternatives that broaden the treatment options and reduce side effects for patients are needed. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging approach that is quite suitable for superficial infections. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy and effect of aPDT mediated by haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) and aloe emodin (AE) on clinical isolates of M. furfur in vitro. The photodynamic antimicrobial efficacy of HMME and AE against M. furfur was assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The uptake of HMME and AE by M. furfur cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the intracellular ROS level. The effect of HMME and AE-mediated aPDT on secreted protease and lipase activity of M. furfur was also investigated. The results showed that HMME and AE in the presence of light effectively inactivated M. furfur cells in a photosensitizer (PS) concentration and light energy dose-dependent manner. AE exhibited higher antimicrobial efficacy against M. furfur than HMME under the same irradiation condition. HMME and AE-mediated aPDT disturbed the fungal cell envelop, significantly increased the intracellular ROS level, and effectively inhibited the activity of secreted protease and lipase of M. furfur cells. The results suggest that HMME and AE have potential to serve as PSs in the photodynamic treatment of dermatological diseases caused by M. furfur, but further ex vivo or in vivo experiments are needed to verify that they can meet the requirements for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Cui
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinwu Niu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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Gupta J, Taneja S, Jain A. Effect of dental acid etchant-mediated photodynamic therapy on bacterial reduction and microshear bond strength of composite to dentin - An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:214-218. [PMID: 34759593 PMCID: PMC8562824 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_620_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of dental acid etchant (DAE)-mediated photodynamic therapy on bacterial reduction and microshear bond strength of composite to dentin. Materials and Methods: Eighty permanent third molars after sample preparation were exposed to a cariogenic challenge with Streptococcus mutans. After incubation, specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20): Group I – DAE, Group II – low-level laser (LLL), Group III – diode laser + methylene blue (MB + L), and Group IV – diode laser + DAE (DAE + L). Half of the specimens from each group were selected for bacterial reduction assessment and the other half for microshear bond strength. All the samples for assessment of bacterial reduction (before and after intervention) were seeded onto the surface of mitis-salivarius-bacitracin medium. After incubation, the viable bacterial count was determined in colony-forming unit/mL. For microshear bond strength assessment, samples were subjected to various treatment modalities and then bonding and debonding procedure was performed for blocks of composite and values were recorded. Results: Significant reductions in S. mutans were observed in all the groups – Group I (DAE) 68.50%, Group II (LLL) 55.90%, Group III (MB + L) 88.60%, and Group IV (DAE + L) 87% with comparable bacterial reduction between Group III (MB + L) and Group IV (DAE + L). Furthermore, a significant difference in bond strength values was seen in Group III (MB + L) 10.99 MPa and Group IV (DAE + L) 17.99 MPa whereas an insignificant difference was found between Group I (DAE) 20.74 MPa, Group II (LLL) 18.27 MPa, and Group IV (DAE + L). Conclusion: DAE caused a comparable reduction in bacterial count to MB-assisted PDT and also there was no adverse effect on bond strength values. PDT can be performed while acid etchant containing MB dye is being applied in the cavity, thus reducing operative time and enhancing cavity disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Gupta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, I.T.S.-C.D.S.R, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Taneja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, I.T.S.-C.D.S.R, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anshi Jain
- Department of Oral Pathology, I.T.S.-C.D.S.R, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Aroso RT, Schaberle FA, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM. Photodynamic disinfection and its role in controlling infectious diseases. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1497-1545. [PMID: 34705261 PMCID: PMC8548867 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is witnessing a revival of its origins as a response to the rise of multi-drug resistant infections and the shortage of new classes of antibiotics. Photodynamic disinfection (PDDI) of microorganisms is making progresses in preclinical models and in clinical cases, and the perception of its role in the clinical armamentarium for the management of infectious diseases is changing. We review the positioning of PDDI from the perspective of its ability to respond to clinical needs. Emphasis is placed on the pipeline of photosensitizers that proved effective to inactivate biofilms, showed efficacy in animal models of infectious diseases or reached clinical trials. Novel opportunities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are briefly discussed. The molecular features of promising photosensitizers are emphasized and contrasted with those of photosensitizers used in the treatment of solid tumors. The development of photosensitizers has been accompanied by the fabrication of a variety of affordable and customizable light sources. We critically discuss the combination between photosensitizer and light source properties that may leverage PDDI and expand its applications to wider markets. The success of PDDI in the management of infectious diseases will ultimately depend on the efficacy of photosensitizers, affordability of the light sources, simplicity of the procedures, and availability of fast and efficient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T Aroso
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio A Schaberle
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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26
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Ziental D, Mlynarczyk DT, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Lewandowski K, Sobotta L. Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112883. [PMID: 34835655 PMCID: PMC8621466 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Konrad Lewandowski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Nair AB, Al-Dhubiab BE, Shah J, Gorain B, Jacob S, Attimarad M, Sreeharsha N, Venugopala KN, Morsy MA. Constant Voltage Iontophoresis Technique to Deliver Terbinafine via Transungual Delivery System: Formulation Optimization Using Box-Behnken Design and In Vitro Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101692. [PMID: 34683985 PMCID: PMC8538220 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical therapy of antifungals is primarily restricted due to the low innate transport of drugs through the thick multi-layered keratinized nail plate. The objective of this investigation was to develop a gel formulation, and to optimize and evaluate the transungual delivery of terbinafine using the constant voltage iontophoresis technique. Statistical analysis was performed using Box–Behnken design to optimize the transungual delivery of terbinafine by examining crucial variables namely concentration of polyethylene glycol, voltage, and duration of application (2–6 h). Optimization data in batches (F1–F17) demonstrated that chemical enhancer, applied voltage, and application time have influenced terbinafine nail delivery. Higher ex vivo permeation and drug accumulation into the nail tissue were noticed in the optimized batch (F8) when compared with other batches (F1–F17). A greater amount of terbinafine was released across the nails when the drug was accumulated by iontophoresis than the passive counterpart. A remarkably higher zone of inhibition was observed in nails with greater drug accumulation due to iontophoresis, as compared to the passive process. The results here demonstrate that the optimized formulation with low voltage iontophoresis could be a viable and alternative tool in the transungual delivery of terbinafine, which in turn could improve the success rate of topical nail therapy in onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-536-219-868
| | - Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India;
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- Centre for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (B.E.A.-D.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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Influence of Incubation Time on Ortho-Toluidine Blue Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Directed against Selected Candida Strains-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010971. [PMID: 34681632 PMCID: PMC8536188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background and the aim: The appropriate incubation time in the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy protocol seems to have a huge impact on the efficacy of this process. This is particularly important in relation to Candida strains, due to the size of these cells and the presence of the cell wall. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal incubation time needed for the absorption of toluidine blue by cells of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis using direct observation by optical microscopy, and to evaluate the efficacy of TBO-mediated aPDT on planktonic cells of these strains. (2) Methods: The microscopic evaluation consisted of taking a series of images at a magnification of 600× and counting the % of stained cells. The in vitro effect of TBO-mediated aPDT combined with a diode laser (635 nm, 400mW, 12 J/cm2, CW) on the viability of yeast cells with different incubation times was evaluated. (3) Results: The presence of TBO within the cytoplasm was observed in all tested Candida strains and at all microscopic evaluation times. However, the highest percentages of cells were stained at 7 and 10 min. The highest % reduction of CFU/mL after TBO-mediated aPDT against Candida was obtained for the strain C. albicans ATCC 10,231 and it was 78.55%. (4) Conclusions: TBO-mediated aPDT against Candida was effective in reducing the number of CFU/mL at all assessed incubation times. However, the most efficient period for almost all strains was 7–10 min.
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Martins Antunes de Melo WDC, Celiešiūtė-Germanienė R, Šimonis P, Stirkė A. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for biofilm treatments. Possible synergy between aPDT and pulsed electric fields. Virulence 2021; 12:2247-2272. [PMID: 34496717 PMCID: PMC8437467 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1960105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, microbial biofilms have been the cause of a wide variety of infections in the human body, reaching 80% of all bacterial and fungal infections. The biofilms present specific properties that increase the resistance to antimicrobial treatments. Thus, the development of new approaches is urgent, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown as a promising candidate. aPDT involves a synergic association of a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen and visible light, producing highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause the oxidation of several cellular components. This therapy attacks many components of the biofilm, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids present within the biofilm matrix; causing inhibition even in the cells that are inside the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Recent advances in designing new PSs to increase the production of ROS and the combination of aPDT with other therapies, especially pulsed electric fields (PEF), have contributed to enhanced biofilm inhibition. The PEF has proven to have antimicrobial effect once it is known that extensive chemical reactions occur when electric fields are applied. This type of treatment kills microorganisms not only due to membrane rupture but also due to the formation of reactive compounds including free oxygen, hydrogen, hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. So, this review aims to show the progress of aPDT and PEF against the biofilms, suggesting that the association of both methods can potentiate their effects and overcome biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa de Cassia Martins Antunes de Melo
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Raimonda Celiešiūtė-Germanienė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Šimonis
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Stirkė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
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30
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Aroso RT, Piccirillo G, Arnaut ZA, Gonzalez AC, Rodrigues FM, Pereira MM. Photodynamic inactivation of influenza virus as a potential alternative for the control of respiratory tract infections. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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31
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Photophysical properties and therapeutic use of natural photosensitizers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Zhang M, Cui Z, Wang Y, Ma W, Ji Y, Ye F, Feng Y, Liu C. Effects of sub-lethal antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on polymyxin-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102516. [PMID: 34469794 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM It is generally believed that bacteria can not develop resistance to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This work employed a polymyxin-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate (E15017) to study whether it could become resistant to aPDT mediated by haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) via consecutive photodynamic treatments at sub-lethal condition. METHODS The sub-lethal and lethal photodynamic treatment conditions for E15017 were determined by colony forming units (CFU) assay. Bacterial cells of E15017 were treated with 20 cycles of repeated sub-lethal HMME-mediated aPDT, and subsequently subjected to aPDT at lethal condition. The antibiotic susceptibility, zeta-potential and membrane integrity of sub-lethal aPDT treated E15017 cells were also investigated. RESULTS After 20 cycles of repeated HMME-mediated aPDT treatments at sub-lethal condition, E15017 cells didn't become more resistant to aPDT. Sub-lethal HMME-mediated aPDT decreased the MIC values of E15017 to ceftazidime and polymyxin E by 4 and 2-fold, respectively, and increased the electronegativity of bacterial surface and affected the bacterial membrane integrity. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study confirmed that antibiotic-resistant bacteria could not develop resistance to aPDT, and HMME-mediated aPDT is an attractive potential treatment for MDR E. coli caused infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Zixin Cui
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China; Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yanli Wang
- The First Hospital of Weinan, 35 East Shengli Street, Weinan, 714000, PR China
| | - Wenpeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Youjun Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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Marasini S, Leanse LG, Dai T. Can microorganisms develop resistance against light based anti-infective agents? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113822. [PMID: 34089778 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there have been increasing numbers of publications illustrating the potential of light-based antimicrobial therapies to combat antimicrobial resistance. Several modalities, in particular, which have proven antimicrobial efficacy against a wide range of pathogenic microbes include: photodynamic therapy (PDT), ultraviolet light (UVA, UVB and UVC), and antimicrobial blue light (aBL). Using these techniques, microbial cells can be inactivated rapidly, either by inducing reactive oxygen species that are deleterious to the microbial cells (PDT, aBL and UVA) or by causing irreversible DNA damage via direct absorption (UVB and UVC). Given the multi-targeted nature of light-based antimicrobial modalities, it has been hypothesised that resistance development to these approaches is highly unlikely. Furthermore, with the exception of a small number of studies, it has been found that resistance to light based anti-infective agents appears unlikely, irrespective of the modality in question. The concurrent literature however stipulates, that further studies should incorporate standardised microbial tolerance assessments for light-based therapies to better assess the reproducibility of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Marasini
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Leon G Leanse
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ma W, Zhang M, Cui Z, Wang X, Niu X, Zhu Y, Yao Z, Ye F, Geng S, Liu C. Aloe-emodin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:499-512. [PMID: 34165875 PMCID: PMC8867962 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum is responsible for the majority of dermatophytosis. Current systemic and topical antifungals against dermatophytosis are often tedious and sometimes unsatisfactory. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a non‐invasive alternative suitable for the treatment of superficial fungal infections. This work investigated the photodynamic inactivation efficacy and effects of aloe‐emodin (AE), a natural photosensitizer (PS) against T. rubrum microconidia in vitro, and evaluated the treatment effects of AE‐mediated aPDT for T. rubrum‐caused tinea corporis in vivo and tinea unguium ex vivo. The photodynamic antimicrobial efficacy of AE on T. rubrum microconidia was evaluated by MTT assay. The inhibition effect of AE‐mediated aPDT on growth of T. rubrum was studied. Intracellular location of AE, damage induced by AE‐mediated aPDT on cellular structure and surface of microconidia and generation of intracellular ROS were investigated by microscopy and flow cytometry. The therapeutic effects of AE‐mediated aPDT against dermatophytosis were assessed in T. rubrum‐caused tinea corporis guinea pig model and tinea unguium ex vivo model. AE‐mediated aPDT effectively inactivated T. rubrum microconidia in a light energy dose‐dependent manner and exhibited strong inhibitory effect on growth of T. rubrum. Microscope images indicated that AE is mainly targeted to the organelles and caused damage to the cytoplasm of microconidia after irradiation through generation of abundant intracellular ROS. AE‐mediated aPDT demonstrated effective therapeutic effects for T. rubrum‐caused tinea corporis on guinea pig model and tinea unguium in ex vivo model. The results obtained suggest that AE is a potential PS for the photodynamic treatment of dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum, but its permeability in skin and nails needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Weinan, 2 East Chaoyang Street, Weinan, 714000, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zixin Cui
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 227 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xinwu Niu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College, 81 Zongying Town, Hanzhong, 723002, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 227 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Giacone L, Cordisco E, Garrido MC, Petenatti E, Sortino M. Photodynamic activity of Tagetes minuta extracts against superficial fungal infections. Med Mycol 2021; 58:797-809. [PMID: 31724710 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida and dermatophyte species are the most common causes of superficial mycoses because their treatment can be difficult due to limitations of current antifungal drugs in terms of toxicity, bioavailability, interactions, narrow-spectrum activity, and development of resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the topical administration of a photosensitizer in combination with light of an appropriate wavelength and molecular oxygen that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote damage to several vital components of the microorganism. Tagetes species are known as a source of thiophenes, biologically active compounds whose antifungal activity is enhanced by irradiation with UVA. The present investigation evaluated Tagetes minuta extracts as a photosensitizer on growth of Candida and dermatophytes and their effect on Candida virulence factors. T. minuta root hexane and dichloromethane extracts demonstrated high photodynamic antifungal activity. Bioautographic assays and chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of five thiophenes with reported photodynamic antifungal activities under UVA. Analysis of ROS production indicated that both type I and II reactions were involved in the activity of the extracts. In addition, the extracts inhibited virulence factors of Candida, such as adherence to epithelial surfaces and germ tube formation and showed efficacy against different Candida morphologies: budding cells, cells with germ tube and biofilms. Results suggested that PDT with T. minuta extracts might become a valuable alternative to the already established antifungal drugs for the treatment of superficial fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Giacone
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Cordisco
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Clara Garrido
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Elisa Petenatti
- Herbario, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Sortino
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.,Centro de Referencia de Micología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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36
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Du M, Xuan W, Zhen X, He L, Lan L, Yang S, Wu N, Qin J, Zhao R, Qin J, Lan J, Lu H, Liang C, Li Y, R Hamblin M, Huang L. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for oral Candida infection in adult AIDS patients: A pilot clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102310. [PMID: 33901690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using methylene blue (MB) plus potassium iodide (KI) has been shown to be effective in killing Candida albicans in many in vitro and in vivo studies, however, there are limited reports of clinical investigations. This study aimed to explore the clinical application of aPDT with MB plus KI for the treatment of oral infection caused by C. albicans in adult acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. METHODS A total of 21 adult AIDS patients with C. albicans oral candidiasis were divided into two groups according to MB concentration and received two consecutive aPDT treatments. Immediately before and after the aPDT treatments, C. albicans yeast isolates were recovered to measure the colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL), biofilm formation, and to analyze the 25S rDNA genotype. Patients were assessed for the clinical recovery of oral lesions and improvement of symptoms. RESULTS The Log10 CFU/mL of C. albicans decreased significantly after the second aPDT but not the first aPDT. There was no significant difference between the two MB concentrations. Both aPDT protocols decreased the oral lesions and clinical symptoms with no significant difference after 2-fraction aPDT. The biofilm formation of C. albicans isolates did not change before and after aPDT. The killing efficiency of 2-fraction-aPDT was not associated with either biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype. CONCLUSIONS Two-fraction-aPDT with MB plus KI could reduce the number of viable C. albicans fungal cells and improve the clinical symptoms of oral candidiasis in adult AIDS patients, regardless of the biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype of infected C. albicans isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530201, China
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lixia He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lina Lan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Nianning Wu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jinmei Qin
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jianglong Qin
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jian Lan
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Huan Lu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Cuijin Liang
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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37
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Garcia M, David B, Sierra-Garcia IN, Faustino MAF, Alves A, Esteves AC, Cunha A. Photodynamic inactivation of Lasiodiplodia theobromae: lighting the way towards an environmentally friendly phytosanitary treatment. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20200820. [PMID: 33878276 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the main causal agents of trunk canker and dieback of grapevine. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of L. theobromae with synthetic and natural photosensitizers and irradiation with either sunlight or artificial photosynthetically active radiation. Although the growth of the mycelium could not be completely prevented with natural sunlight irradiation, phenothiazine dyes (methylene blue, MB; toluidine blue O, TBO), riboflavin and a cationic porphyrin (Tetra-Py+-Me) caused complete inhibition under continuous irradiation with artificial light. Free radicals were the main cytotoxic agents in the PDI with MB, indicating the predominance of the type I mechanism. PDI with MB or Tetra-Py+-Me may represent a promising approach for the sanitation of vine material in greenhouse nurseries, in order to reduce the risk of infection upon grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - B David
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I N Sierra-Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M A F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Alves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A C Esteves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Cunha
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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38
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The Inactivation by Curcumin-Mediated Photosensitization of Botrytis cinerea Spores Isolated from Strawberry Fruits. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13030196. [PMID: 33803254 PMCID: PMC8002169 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitization is a novel environmentally friendly technology with promising applications in the food industry to extend food shelf life. In this study, the natural food dye curcumin, when combined with visible light (430 nm), was shown to be an effective photosensitizer against the common phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea (the cause of grey mould). Production of the associated phytotoxic metabolites botrydial and dihydrobotrydial was measured by our newly developed and validated HRAM UPLC-MS/MS method, and was also shown to be reduced by this treatment. With a light dose of 120 J/cm2, the reduction in spore viability was directly proportional to curcumin concentrations, and the overall concentration of both botrydial and dihydrobotrydial also decreased with increasing curcumin concentration above 200 µM. With curcumin concentrations above 600 µM, the percentage reduction in fungal spores was close to 100%. When the dye concentration was increased to 800 µM, the spores were completely inactive and neither botrydial nor dihydrobotrydial could be detected. These results suggest that curcumin-mediated photosensitization is a potentially effective method to control B. cinerea spoilage, and also to reduce the formation of these phytotoxic botryane secondary metabolites.
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Galinari CB, Conrado PCV, Arita GS, Mosca VAB, Melo RC, Bianchi TDP, Faria DR, Sakita KM, Malacarne LC, Gonçalves RS, Pereira PCDS, Cesar GB, Caetano W, de Souza M, da Silva Palácios R, Baesso ML, Svidzinski TIE, Cotica ÉSK, Bonfim-Mendonça PDS. Nanoencapsulated hypericin in P-123 associated with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of dermatophytosis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 215:112103. [PMID: 33383558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely explored. According to superficial nature of tinea capitis and the facility of application of light sources, the use of nanoencapsulated hypericin in P-123 associated with PDT (P123-Hy-PDT) has been a poweful tool to treat this pathology. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of P123-Hy-PDT against planktonic cells and in a murine model of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis. In vitro antifungal susceptibility and in vivo efficiency tests were performed, including a skin toxicity assay, analysis of clinical signs by evaluating score, and photoacoustic spectroscopy. In addition, tissue analyses by histopathology and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as quantitative and qualitative antifungal assays, were employed. The in vitro assays demonstrated antifungal susceptibility with 6.25 and 12.5 μmol/L P123-Hy-PDI; these experiments are the first that have used this treatment of animals. P123-Hyp-mediated PDT showed neither skin nor biochemical alteration in vivo; it was safe for dermatophytosis treatment. Additionally, the treatment revealed rapid improvement in clinical signs at the site of infection after only three treatment sessions, with a clinical score confirmed by photoacoustic spectroscopy. The mycological reduction occurred after six treatment sessions, with a statistically significant decrease compared with untreated infected animals. These findings showed that P123-Hy-PDT restored tissue damage caused by infection, a phenomenon confirmed by histopathological analysis and proinflammatory cytokine levels. Our results reveal for the first time that P123-Hy-PDT is a promising treatment for tinea capitis and tinea corporis caused by M. canis, because it showed rapid clinical improvement and mycological reduction without causing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Barros Galinari
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Sayuri Arita
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Cabral Melo
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tiago de Paula Bianchi
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniella Renata Faria
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karina Mayumi Sakita
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Monique de Souza
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Klausen M, Ucuncu M, Bradley M. Design of Photosensitizing Agents for Targeted Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:E5239. [PMID: 33182751 PMCID: PMC7696090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms has gained substantial attention due to its unique mode of action, in which pathogens are unable to generate resistance, and due to the fact that it can be applied in a minimally invasive manner. In photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) is activated by a specific wavelength of light and generates highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2-, type-I mechanism) or singlet oxygen (1O2*, type-II mechanism). Although it offers many advantages over conventional treatment methods, ROS-mediated microbial killing is often faced with the issues of accessibility, poor selectivity and off-target damage. Thus, several strategies have been employed to develop target-specific antimicrobial PDT (aPDT). This includes conjugation of known PS building-blocks to either non-specific cationic moieties or target-specific antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides, or combining them with targeting nanomaterials. In this review, we summarise these general strategies and related challenges, and highlight recent developments in targeted aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Klausen
- School of Chemistry and the EPSRC IRC Proteus, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK;
| | - Muhammed Ucuncu
- School of Chemistry and the EPSRC IRC Proteus, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK;
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry and the EPSRC IRC Proteus, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK;
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41
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Maliszewska I, Wanarska E, Tylus W. Sulfonated hydroxyaluminum phthalocyanine-biogenic Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles mixtures for effective photo-eradication of Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102016. [PMID: 33045412 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In response to the increasingly widespread resistance of fungi to traditional treatment, we have reported successful photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans planktonic cells using di-(AlPcS2) and trisulfonated (AlPcS3) hydroxyaluminum phthalocyanines in combination with Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles synthesized by the cell-free filtrate of Trichoderma koningii. These nanostructures with Au:Ag molar ratios 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 have individual plasmonic band at 513-515 nm, 505-509 nm and 486-489 nm, respectively. XPS analysis of the ratio of gold to silver on the surface of these alloys indicated that Au and Ag formed a bimetallic system, wherein Au was coated with Ag. The XRD pattern revealed the angles at 38.2, 44.5, 64.9 and 78.0°. TEM analysis indicated that the average diameter of the synthesized alloys was 9 ± 3 nm, 8 ± 3 nm and 16 ± 3 nm for structures with Au:Ag molar ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1, respectively. The FTIR band absorption, SEM-EDS analysis and basic elemental composition obtained by XPS confirmed that these nanostructures are stabilized by protein(s). Diode laser with the peak-power wavelength ʎ = 650 nm (output power of 40 mW; power density of 105 mW cm-2) was used as a light source. The mixture of AlPcS2+Au/Ag-NPs (Au:Ag = 2:1) can be considered as an effective photosensitizer, because eradication of C. albicans, as required by the American Society of Microbiology (99.9 %), was achieved at a low dose of light of 31.5 J cm-2. It was postulated that this low dose of light applied to the photo-induced fungicidal effect may be painless for potential patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Maliszewska
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Wanarska
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Włodzimierz Tylus
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Fusi
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Romano
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, University of Florence, Italy.
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43
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Squarzanti DF, Zavattaro E, Pizzimenti S, Amoruso A, Savoia P, Azzimonti B. Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: news from microbiota research. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:433-449. [PMID: 32692305 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1794792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research has been deeply focusing on the role of the microbiota in numerous diseases, either affecting the skin or other organs. What it is well established is that its dysregulation promotes several cutaneous disorders (i.e. psoriasis and atopic dermatitis). To date, little is known about its composition, mediators and role in the genesis, progression and response to therapy of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC). Starting from a bibliographic study, we classified the selected articles into four sections: i) normal skin microbiota; ii) in vitro study models; iii) microbiota and NMSC and iv) probiotics, antibiotics and NMSC. What has emerged is how skin microflora changes, mainly represented by increases of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, modifications in the mutual quantity of β-Human papillomavirus genotypes, of Epstein Barr Virus and Malassezia or candidiasis, may contribute to the induction of a state of chronic self-maintaining inflammation, leading to cancer. In this context, the role of S. aureus and that of specific antimicrobial peptides look to be prominent. Moreover, although antibiotics may contribute to carcinogenesis, due to their ability to influence the microbiota balance, specific probiotics, such as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 and Bifidobacteria spp., may be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Zavattaro
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DSCB), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
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44
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De Bonfils P, Verron E, Sandoval-Altamirano C, Jaque P, Moreau X, Gunther G, Nun P, Coeffard V. Unusual Oxidative Dealkylation Strategy toward Functionalized Phenalenones as Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers and Photophysical Studies. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10603-10616. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul De Bonfils
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Elise Verron
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Catalina Sandoval-Altamirano
- Facultad de Quı́mica y Biologı́a, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, correo 33, Santiago 518000, Chile
| | - Pablo Jaque
- Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Fisicoquı́mica, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Xavier Moreau
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - German Gunther
- Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Fisicoquı́mica, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Pierrick Nun
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Coeffard
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
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Quiroga ED, Cordero P, Mora SJ, Alvarez MG, Durantini EN. Mechanistic aspects in the photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans sensitized by a dimethylaminopropoxy porphyrin and its equivalent with cationic intrinsic charges. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101877. [PMID: 32534247 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photocytotoxic effect induced by 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (TAPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N,N-trimethylaminepropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (TAPP+4) was examined in Candida albicans to obtain information on the mechanism of photodynamic action and cell damage. For this purpose, the photokilling of the yeast was investigated under anoxic conditions and cell suspensions in D2O. Moreover, photoinactivation of C. albicans was evaluated in presence of reactive oxygen species scavengers, such as sodium azide and d-mannitol. The results indicated that singlet molecular oxygen was the main reactive species involved in cell damage. On the other hand, the binding and distribution of these porphyrins in the cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Morphological damage was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), indicating modifications in the cell envelopment. Furthermore, deformed cells were observed after photoinactivation of C. albicans by toluidine blue staining. In addition, modifications in the cell envelope due to the photodynamic activity was found by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Similar photodamage was observed with both porphyrin, which mainly produced alterations in the cell barriers that lead to the photoinactivation of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel D Quiroga
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Cordero
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S Jimena Mora
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Alvarez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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46
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Liu S, Mai B, Jia M, Lin D, Zhang J, Liu Q, Wang P. Synergistic antimicrobial effects of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy and gentamicin on Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101703. [PMID: 32151763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is generally increasing, which has become a great challenge for treating infectious diseases caused by microbes. Photodynamic antibacterial chemotherapy (PACT) has been considered as a promising method for inactivating bacteria. The combination of antimicrobial agent with PACT may provide efficient way against drug-resistant microbe. This study aims to investigate the synergistic effects of PACT mediated by toluidine blue (TB), combined with gentamicin (GEN) on common pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDR S. aureus). METHODS Alkaline lysis was used to detect the uptake of TB by S. aureus and MDR S. aureus. Plate counting was applied to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of GEN alone, TB-PACT alone, and work together. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy were performed to examine the permeability of bacterial membranes after different treatments. Intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed with the assist of H2DCF-DA and SOSG probes. RESULTS TB-PACT combined with GEN led to more pronounced antibacterial effects in S. aureus and MDR S. aureus, as compared with either alone. TB-PACT treatment permeabilized the bacterial membranes, promoted GEN cellular accumulation and augmented the antibacterial efficiency. The intracellular ROS generation by the combination of TB-PACT and GEN was much higher than that of single treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS TB-PACT decreased the GEN cytotoxic threshold and usage, and the synergy of them significantly enhanced the sterilization of S. aureus and MDR S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bingjie Mai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengqi Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dewu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingdan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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Greco G, Di Piazza S, Chan J, Zotti M, Hanna R, Gheno E, Zekiy AO, Pasquale C, De Angelis N, Amaroli A. Newly formulated 5% 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101575. [PMID: 31614222 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of systemic diseases can be linked to oral candida pathogenicity. The global trend of invasive candidiasis has increased progressively and is often accentuated by increasing Candida albicans resistance to the most common antifungal medications. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic approach for oral microbial infections. A new formulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5%ALA) in a thermosetting gel (t) (5%ALA-PTt) was patented and recently has become available on the market. However, its antimicrobial properties, whether mediated or not by PDT, are not yet known. In this work we characterised them. METHODS We isolated a strain of C. albicans from plaques on the oral mucus membrane of an infected patient. Colonies of this strain were exposed for 1 24 h, to 5%ALA-PTt, 5%ALA-PTt buffered to pH 6.5 (the pH of the oral mucosa) (5%ALA-PTtb) or not exposed (control). The 1 h-exposed samples were also irradiated at a wavelength of 630 nm with 0.14 watts (W) and 0.37 W/cm2 for 7 min at a distance of <1 mm. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The 5% ALA-PTt preparation was shown to be effective in reducing the growth of biofilm and inoculum of C. albicans. This effect seems to be linked to the intrinsic characteristics of 5%ALA-TPt, such acidic pH and the induction of free radical production. This outcome was significantly enhanced by the effect of PDT at relatively short incubation and irradiation times, which resulted in growth inhibition of both treated biofilm and inoculum by ∼80% and ∼95%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Greco
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Simone Di Piazza
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jiemei Chan
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirca Zotti
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Reem Hanna
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Institute, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Ezio Gheno
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Dental Clinical Research Center, Dentistry School, Fluminense Federal University, Rua São Paulo, 28, Campus do Valonguinho Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020 150, Brazil
| | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Claudio Pasquale
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola De Angelis
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Technologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andrea Amaroli
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Alves da Collina G, Freire F, da Silva Barbosa V, Bento Correa C, Reis Nascimento H, Ratto Tempestini Horliana AC, Teixeira da Silva DDF, Araujo Prates R, Pavani C. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy action of phenothiazinium dyes in planktonic Candida albicans is increased in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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The effect of glucose and human serum on 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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McRae EK, Nevonen DE, McKenna SA, Nemykin VN. Binding and photodynamic action of the cationic zinc phthalocyanines with different types of DNA toward understanding of their cancer therapy activity. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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