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Kim MB, Lee YJ. Emergence of Salmonella Infantis carrying the pESI-like plasmid from eggs in egg grading and packing plants in Korea. Food Microbiol 2024; 122:104568. [PMID: 38839227 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The plasmid of emerging S. Infantis (pESI) or pESI-like plasmid in Salmonella enterica Infantis are consistently reported in poultry and humans worldwide. However, there has been limited research on these plasmids of S. Infantis isolated from eggs. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of S. Infantis carrying the pESI-like plasmid from eggs in egg grading and packing plants. In this study, the pESI-like plasmid was only detected in 18 (78.3%) of 23 S. Infantis isolates, and it was absent in the other 9 Salmonella serovars. In particular, S. Infantis isolates carrying the pESI-like plasmid showed the significantly higher resistance to β-lactams, phenicols, cephams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines than Salmonella isolates without the pESI-like plasmid (p < 0.05). Moreover, all S. Infantis isolates carrying the pESI-like plasmid were identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producer, harboring the blaCTX-M-65 and blaTEM-1 genes, and carried non-β-lactamase resistance genes (ant(3'')-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, aac(3)-IVa, aph(3')-Ic, sul1, tetA, dfrA14, and floR) against five antimicrobial classes. However, all isolates without the pESI-like plasmid only carried the blaTEM-1 gene among the β-lactamase genes, and either had no non-β-lactamase resistance genes or harbored non-β-lactamase resistance genes against one or two antimicrobial classes. Furthermore, all S. Infantis isolates carrying the pESI-like plasmid carried class 1 and 2 integrons and the aadA1 gene cassette, but none of the other isolates without the pESI-like plasmid harbored integrons. In particular, D87Y substitution in the gyrA gene and IncP replicon type were observed in all the S. Infantis isolates carrying the pESI-like plasmid but not in the S. Infantis isolates without the pESI-like plasmid. The distribution of pulsotypes between pESI-positive and pESI-negative S. Infantis isolates was clearly distinguished, but all S. Infantis isolates were classified as sequence type 32, regardless of whether they carried the pESI-like plasmid. This study is the first to report the characteristics of S. Infantis carrying the pESI-like plasmid isolated from eggs and can provide valuable information for formulating strategies to control the spread of Salmonella in the egg industry worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Beom Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41556, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41556, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang H. Effects of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin on initial colonization of intestinal microbiota in Bufo gargarizans at embryonic stages. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142587. [PMID: 38871193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LEV) are broad-spectrum antibiotics with potent antibacterial activity. Although many studies have shown that antibiotics can lead to gut microbiota disruption, the effects of CIP and LEV on gut microbial colonization at the embryonic stage remain poorly characterized. Here, we evaluated the response of Bufo gargarizans embryos in terms of gut microbiota colonization, growth and developmental stages to CIP and LEV exposure. Embryos treated with 100 μg/L CIP and LEV exhibited significantly reduced diversity and richness of the gut microbiota, as well as altered community structure. Both CIP and LEV treatments resulted in an increase in the pathogenic bacteria Bosea and Aeromonas, and they appeared to be more resistant to CIP than LEV. Additionally, CIP exposure caused reduced total length and delayed the development in B. gargarizans embryos, while LEV increased the total length and promoted embryonic development. The present study revealed the adverse effects of CIP and LEV exposure on host gut microbiota, growth and development during the embryonic stage, and contributed new perspectives to the evaluation of early aquatic ecological risk under CIP and LEV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Yaxi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
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3
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Slettemeås JS, Sekse C, Sunde M, Norström M, Wester AL, Naseer U, Simonsen GS, Ulstad CR, Urdahl AM, Lagesen K. Comparative genomics of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from broilers and humans in Norway. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:248. [PMID: 38971718 PMCID: PMC11227169 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usage of fluoroquinolones in Norwegian livestock production is very low, including in broiler production. Historically, quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) isolated from Norwegian production animals rarely occur. However, with the introduction of a selective screening method for QREC in the Norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary sector in 2014; 89.5% of broiler caecal samples and 70.7% of broiler meat samples were positive. This triggered the concern if there could be possible links between broiler and human reservoirs of QREC. We are addressing this by characterizing genomes of QREC from humans (healthy carriers and patients) and broiler isolates (meat and caecum). RESULTS The most frequent mechanism for quinolone resistance in both broiler and human E. coli isolates were mutations in the chromosomally located gyrA and parC genes, although plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was also identified. There was some relatedness of the isolates within human and broiler groups, but little between these two groups. Further, some overlap was seen for isolates with the same sequence type isolated from broiler and humans, but overall, the SNP distance was high. CONCLUSION Based on data from this study, QREC from broiler makes a limited contribution to the incidence of QREC in humans in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Sekse
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
| | - Marianne Sunde
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
| | | | - Astrid Louise Wester
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo, 0403, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Umaer Naseer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo, 0403, Norway
| | - Gunnar Skov Simonsen
- University Hospital of North Norway, Breivika, Tromsø, 9038, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Karin Lagesen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
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Leclercq SO, Bochereau P, Foubert I, Baumard Y, Travel A, Doublet B, Baucheron S. Persistence of commensal multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in the broiler production pyramid is best explained by strain recirculation from the rearing environment. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1406854. [PMID: 39035436 PMCID: PMC11259971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1406854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of mitigation policies in several countries to reduce the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine, pathogenic and commensal bacteria resistant to antibiotics are still circulating in livestock animals. However, factors contributing the most to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) persistence in these settings are yet not clearly identified. The broiler production, with its highly segmented, pyramidal structure offers an ideal context to understand and control the spread of resistant bacteria. By taking advantage of an experimental facility reproducing the whole broiler production pyramid, we demonstrate that resistant E. coli persist in our system primarily though recirculation of a few commensal clones surviving in the rearing environment. No vertical transmission from hens to offspring nor strain acquisition at the hatchery were detected, while import of new strains from outside the facility seems limited. Moreover, each clone carries its own resistance-conferring plasmid(s), and a single putative plasmid horizontal transfer could have been inferred. These results, observed for now in a small experimental facility with high level of biosecurity, must be confirmed in a commercial farm context but still provide invaluable information for future mitigation policies.
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Gigante AM, Hadis MA, Secker B, Shaw SC, Cooper PR, Palin WM, Milward MR, Atterbury RJ. Exposure to blue light reduces antimicrobial resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dog ear infections. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1414412. [PMID: 39027093 PMCID: PMC11255781 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1414412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of canine otitis externa. Enrofloxacin is often applied topically to treat this condition, although recalcitrant and recurring infections are common. There is evidence that exposure to blue light (400-470 nm) has a bactericidal effect on P. aeruginosa and other microorganisms. Methods In the present study, we tested the biocidal effect of blue light (375-450 nm), alone or in combination with enrofloxacin, against six isolates of P. aeruginosa from dogs with otitis externa (5 of which were resistant to enrofloxacin). Results Treatment of planktonic cell cultures with blue light resulted in significant (p < 0.5) reductions in Colony Forming Units (CFU) for all seven strains tested, in some cases below the limit of detection. The greatest bactericidal effect was observed following exposure to light at 405 nm wavelength (p < 0.05). Exposure to blue light for 20 min usually resulted in a greater reduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa than enrofloxacin treatment, and combination treatment typically resulted in the largest reductions in CFU. Analysis of the genome sequences of these strains established that enrofloxacin resistance was likely the result of a S466F substitution in GyrB. However, there was no clear association between genotype and susceptibility to blue light treatment. Discussion These results suggest that blue light treatment, particularly at 405 nm wavelength, and especially in combination with enrofloxacin therapy, could be an effective treatment for otherwise recalcitrant canine otitis externa caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It may also provide a way of extending the usefulness of enrofloxacin therapy which would otherwise be ineffective as a sole therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano M. Gigante
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad A. Hadis
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bailey Secker
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C. Shaw
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Cooper
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - William M. Palin
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Milward
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Atterbury
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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Lu TY, Sun Z, Liang LY, Zhang J, Guo WL, Wang ZY, Sun J, Liao XP, Zhou YF. Concentration-resistance relationship and PK/PD evaluation of danofloxacin against emergence of resistant Pasteurella multocida in an in vitro dynamic model. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae154. [PMID: 38925653 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets of danofloxacin to minimize the risk of selecting resistant Pasteurella multocida mutants and to identify the mechanisms underlying their resistance in an in vitro dynamic model, attaining the optimum dosing regimen of danofloxacin to improve its clinical efficacy based on the mutant selection window (MSW) hypothesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Danofloxacin at seven dosing regimens and 5 days of treatment were simulated to quantify the bactericidal kinetics and enrichment of resistant mutants upon continuous antibiotic exposure. The magnitudes of PK/PD targets associated with different efficacies were determined in the model. The 24 h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratios (AUC24h/MIC) of danofloxacin associated with bacteriostatic, bactericidal and eradication effects against P. multocida were 34, 52, and 64 h. This translates to average danofloxacin concentrations (Cav) over 24 h being 1.42, 2.17, and 2.67 times the MIC, respectively. An AUC/MIC-dependent antibacterial efficacy and AUC/mutant prevention concentration (MPC)-dependent enrichment of P. multocida mutants in which maximum losses in danofloxacin susceptibility occurred at a simulated AUC24h/MIC ratio of 72 h (i.e. Cav of three times the MIC). The overexpression of efflux pumps (acrAB-tolC) and their regulatory genes (marA, soxS, and ramA) was associated with reduced susceptibility in danofloxacin-exposed P. multocida. The AUC24h/MPC ratio of 19 h (i.e. Cav of 0.8 times the MPC) was determined to be the minimum mutant prevention target value for the selection of resistant P. multocida mutants. CONCLUSIONS The emergence of P. multocida resistance to danofloxacin exhibited a concentration-dependent pattern and was consistent with the MSW hypothesis. The current clinical dosing regimen of danofloxacin (2.5 mg kg-1) may have a risk of treatment failure due to inducible fluoroquinolone resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yin Lu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liu-Yan Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Yantai Fushan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, 265500, China
| | - Wen-Long Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zi-Ye Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Satapathy S, Kumar S, Kurmi BD, Gupta GD, Patel P. Expanding the Role of Chiral Drugs and Chiral Nanomaterials as a Potential Therapeutic Tool. Chirality 2024; 36:e23698. [PMID: 38961803 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Chirality, the property of molecules having mirror-image forms, plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical and biomedical research. This review highlights its growing importance, emphasizing how chiral drugs and nanomaterials impact drug effectiveness, safety, and diagnostics. Chiral molecules serve as precise diagnostic tools, aiding in accurate disease detection through unique biomolecule interactions. The article extensively covers chiral drug applications in treating cardiovascular diseases, CNS disorders, local anesthesia, anti-inflammatories, antimicrobials, and anticancer drugs. Additionally, it explores the emerging field of chiral nanomaterials, highlighting their suitability for biomedical applications in diagnostics and therapeutics, enhancing medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Satapathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shivam Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Kim SG, Kim BE, Lee JH, Kim DW. Novel Qnr Families as Conserved and Intrinsic Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Aeromonas spp. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1276-1286. [PMID: 38693047 PMCID: PMC11239419 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2403.03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The environment has been identified as an origin, reservoir, and transmission route of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Among diverse environments, freshwater environments have been recognized as pivotal in the transmission of ARGs between opportunistic pathogens and autochthonous bacteria such as Aeromonas spp. In this study, five environmental strains of Aeromonas spp. exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR) were selected for whole-genome sequencing to ascertain their taxonomic assignment at the species-level and to delineate their ARG repertoires. Analyses of their genomes revealed the presence of one protein almost identical to AhQnr (A. hydrophila Qnr protein) and four novel proteins similar to AhQnr. To scrutinize the classification and taxonomic distribution of these proteins, all Aeromonas genomes deposited in the NCBI RefSeq genome database (1,222 genomes) were investigated. This revealed that these Aeromonas Qnr (AQnr) proteins are conserved intrinsic resistance determinants of the genus, exhibiting species-specific diversity. Additionally, structure prediction and analysis of contribution to quinolone resistance by AQnr proteins of the isolates, confirmed their functionality as quinolone resistance determinants. Given the origin of mobile qnr genes from aquatic bacteria and the crucial role of Aeromonas spp. in ARG dissemination in aquatic environments, a thorough understanding and strict surveillance of AQnr families prior to the clinical emergence are imperative. In this study, using comparative genome analyses and functional characterization of AQnr proteins in the genus Aeromonas, novel Aeromonas ARGs requiring surveillance has suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Kim
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Drug Resistance Proteomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Wi Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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Mouhammed K, Gdoura R. Study of the Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli Isolated From Iraqi Patients with Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:457-466. [PMID: 39011020 PMCID: PMC11246310 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection is one of the last diseases prevalent in humans, with various causative agents affecting 250 million people annually, This study analyzed UTIs in Iraqi patients caused by Escherichia coli. ESBL enzymes contribute to antibiotic resistance. The research aimed to analyze ESBL gene frequency, resistance patterns, and genetic diversity of E. coli strains; Between Dec 2020 and May 2021, 200 urine samples were collected, cultured on blood agar, EMB, and MacConkey's plates, samples incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Positive samples (> 100 cfu/ml) underwent Kirby-Bauer and CLSI antibiotic susceptibility testing. PCR detected virulence genes, Beta-lactamase coding genes, and biofilm-associated resistance genes in E. coli isolates; Out of 200 isolates, 80% comprised Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, 120 isolates (60%) were Gram-negative, while 40 isolates (20%) were Gram-positive. Among Gram-negative isolates, 20% were identified as E. coli. Remarkably, all E. coli strains showed resistance to all tested antibiotics, ranging from 80 to 95% resistance. The E. coli isolates harbored three identified resistance genes: blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTXM. Regarding biofilm production, 10% showed no formation, 12% weak formation, 62% moderate formation, and 16% strong formation; our study found that pathogenic E. coli caused 20% of UTIs. The majority of studied E. coli strains from UTI patients carried the identified virulence genes, which are vital for infection development and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Mouhammed
- Faculty of Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Sfax University, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Faculty of Sciences, Research Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology Microbiology and Health (LR17ES06), Sfax University, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
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10
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Ma X, Kaw HY, Yu J, Yang Q, Zhu L, Wang W. The intracellular concentrations of fluoroquinolones determined the antibiotic resistance response of Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134057. [PMID: 38508108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The extensive consumption of antibiotics has been reported to significantly promote the generation of antibiotic resistance (ABR), however, a quantitative causal relationship between antibiotic exposure and ABR response is absent. This study aimed to pinpoint the accurate regulatory concentration of fluoroquinolones (FQs) and to understand the biochemical mechanism of the mutual action between FQ exposure and FQ resistance response. Highly sensitive analytical methods were developed by using UPLC-MS/MS to determine the total residual, extracellular residual, total intracellular, intracellular residual and intracellular degraded concentration of three representative FQs, including ciprofloxacin (CIP), ofloxacin (OFL) and norfloxacin (NOR), with detection limits in the range of 0.002-0.057 μg/L, and recoveries in the range of 80-93%. The MICs of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were 7.0-31.4-fold of the respective MIC0 after 40-day FQ exposure, and significant negative associations were discovered between the intracellular (residual, degraded or the sum) FQ concentrations and FQ resistance. Transcriptional expression and whole-genome sequencing results indicated that reduced membrane permeability and enhanced multi-drug efflux pumps contributed to the decreasing intracellular concentration. These results unveiled the pivotal role of intracellular concentration in triggering FQ resistance, providing important information to understand the dose-response relationship between FQ exposure and FQ resistance response, and ascertain the target dose metric of FQs for eliminating FQ resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Ma
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Yeong Kaw
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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11
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Aboyadak I, Ali NG. Enrofloxacin, Effective Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis Infection in Oreochromis niloticus. Microorganisms 2024; 12:901. [PMID: 38792731 PMCID: PMC11124035 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum synthetic antimicrobial drug widely used in veterinary medicine. The present study aimed to determine the effective enrofloxacin dose for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis infection in Oreochromis niloticus. P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis isolates were verified using selective differential media and biochemically using the Vitek 2 test. Bacterial isolates were virulent for O. niloticus with LD50 equal to 2.03 × 106 and 2.22 × 107 CFU fish-1 for P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis, respectively. Infected fish suffered from decreased feed intake followed by off-food, tail erosion, darkening of the external body surface, exophthalmia, ascites, and loss of escape reflex. Internally, congested hemorrhagic hepatopancreas with engorged distended gall bladder were dominant. The posterior kidney was congested with enlarged spleen, and empty elementary tract. Pathologically, severe degenerative changes were dominant in the hepatopancreas, posterior kidney, spleen, stomach, and gills of infected fish. Antimicrobial sensitivity test indicated the high susceptibility of P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis to enrofloxacin with MIC estimated at 1 and 0.0625 µg/mL, respectively. Enrofloxacin effectively protected O. niloticus against E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa infection when used with medicated feed at doses of 10 and 20 mg kg-1 body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Gabr Ali
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo 4262110, Egypt;
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Sharma V, Das R, Mehta DK, Sharma D, Aman S, Khan MU. Quinolone scaffolds as potential drug candidates against infectious microbes: a review. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10862-4. [PMID: 38683488 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Prevalence of microbial infections and new rising pathogens are signified as causative agent for variety of serious and lethal health crisis in past years. Despite medical advances, bacterial and fungal infections continue to be a rising problem in the health care system. As more bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics used in therapy, and as more invasive microbial species develop resistance to conventional antimicrobial drugs. Relevant published publications from the last two decades, up to 2024, were systematically retrieved from the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and WOS databases using keywords such as quinolones, anti-infective, antibacterial, antimicrobial resistance and patents on quinolone derivatives. With an approach of considerable interest towards novel heterocyclic derivatives as novel anti-infective agents, researchers have explored these as essential tools in vistas of drug design and development. Among heterocycles, quinolones have been regarded extremely essential for the development of novel derivatives, even able to tackle the associated resistance issues. The quinolone scaffold with its bicyclic structure and specific functional groups such as the carbonyl and acidic groups, is indeed considered a valuable functionalities for further lead generation and optimization in drug discovery. Besides, the substitution at N-1, C-3 and C-7 positions also subjected to be having a significant role in anti-infective potential. In this article, we intend to highlight recent quinolone derivatives based on the SAR approach and anti-infective potential such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antitubercular, antitrypanosomal and antiviral activities. Moreover, some recent patents granted on quinolone-containing derivatives as anti-infective agents have also been highlighted in tabular form. Due consideration of this, future research in this scaffold is expected to be useful for aspiring scientists to get pharmacologically significant leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Rina Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India.
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Swami Devidyal College of Pharmacy, Barwala, 134118, India
| | - Shahbaz Aman
- Department of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - M U Khan
- Department of pharmaceutical Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Uniazah, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Ghosh D, Mangar P, Choudhury A, Kumar A, Saha A, Basu P, Saha D. Characterization of a hemolytic and antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S3 pathogenic to fish isolated from Mahananda River in India. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300134. [PMID: 38547304 PMCID: PMC10977779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Virulent strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Mahananda River exhibited the highest hemolytic activity and virulence factors and was pathogenic to fish as clinical signs of hemorrhagic spots, loss of scales, and fin erosions were found. S3 was cytotoxic to the human liver cell line (WRL-68) in the trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Genotype characterization using whole genome analysis showed that S3 was similar to P. aeruginosa PAO1. The draft genome sequence had an estimated length of 62,69,783 bp, a GC content of 66.3%, and contained 5916 coding sequences. Eight genes across the genome were predicted to be related to hemolysin action. Antibiotic resistance genes such as class C and class D beta-lactamases, fosA, APH, and catB were detected, along with the strong presence of multiple efflux system genes. This study shows that river water is contaminated by pathogenic P. aeruginosa harboring an array of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes which warrants periodic monitoring to prevent disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Preeti Mangar
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhinandan Choudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Aniruddha Saha
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Protip Basu
- Department of Botany, Siliguri College, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanwita Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
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Baquero F, Beis K, Craik DJ, Li Y, Link AJ, Rebuffat S, Salomón R, Severinov K, Zirah S, Hegemann JD. The pearl jubilee of microcin J25: thirty years of research on an exceptional lasso peptide. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:469-511. [PMID: 38164764 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1992 up to 2023Since their discovery, lasso peptides went from peculiarities to be recognized as a major family of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products that were shown to be spread throughout the bacterial kingdom. Microcin J25 was first described in 1992, making it one of the earliest known lasso peptides. No other lasso peptide has since then been studied to such an extent as microcin J25, yet, previous review articles merely skimmed over all the research done on this exceptional lasso peptide. Therefore, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of its first report, we give a comprehensive overview of all literature related to microcin J25. This review article spans the early work towards the discovery of microcin J25, its biosynthetic gene cluster, and the elucidation of its three-dimensional, threaded lasso structure. Furthermore, the current knowledge about the biosynthesis of microcin J25 and lasso peptides in general is summarized and a detailed overview is given on the biological activities associated with microcin J25, including means of self-immunity, uptake into target bacteria, inhibition of the Gram-negative RNA polymerase, and the effects of microcin J25 on mitochondria. The in vitro and in vivo models used to study the potential utility of microcin J25 in a (veterinary) medicine context are discussed and the efforts that went into employing the microcin J25 scaffold in bioengineering contexts are summed up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital and Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Beis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yanyan Li
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - A James Link
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sylvie Rebuffat
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Raúl Salomón
- Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Waksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Séverine Zirah
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Julian D Hegemann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Chidambaram Y, Dhas CJ, Juhi R, Petchiappan V, Sujithkumar S. Tracking the shift in enteric fever trends and evolving antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Ghana Med J 2024; 58:86-90. [PMID: 38957275 PMCID: PMC11215244 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v58i1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to examine the frequency of Salmonella Paratyphi found in blood cultures and evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates to different antibiotics. Additionally, the study aims to assess the paradigm shift in the trend of enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) to Salmonella Paratyphi(S. Paratyphi) . Study Design Retrospective study. Participant The study enrolled patients aged 12 years and above diagnosed with enteric fever (positive blood culture) and admitted to Peelamedu Samanaidu Govindasamy Naidu (PSG) Hospital. Interventions The study analyzed demographic and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Salmonella isolates collected from 106 enteric fever patients in the hospital between 2010 and 2022. The susceptibility profiles of Salmonella isolates to multiple antibiotics were assessed. Results There were 106 participants, and 95 (89.62%) of them had enteric fever linked to Salmonella Typhi, while only 11 (10.38%) had enteric fever linked to Salmonella Paratyphi A. From 2010 to 2022, the study discovered a general decline in the prevalence of enteric fever caused by Salmonella species. But between 2014 and 2022, the incidence of enteric fever linked to S. Typhi rapidly increased. Azithromycin (100% , n = 106) and ceftriaxone (99% , n = 105) were highly effective against the Salmonella isolates, whereas nalidixic acid was resisted by 3 isolates (4.72%, n = 3). Conclusion The study observed a higher incidence of Salmonella Typhi in comparison to Paratyphi A and a greater susceptibility of males to enteric fever. Funding None declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoganathan Chidambaram
- Department of General Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Clement J Dhas
- Department of General Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Juhi
- Department of General Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velammal Petchiappan
- Department of General Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sujithkumar
- Department of General Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chen J, Zhong J, Chang Y, Zhou Y, Koo SH, Tan TY, Lei H, Ai Y. Rapid and Accurate Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Using Label-Free Electrical Impedance-Based Microfluidic Platform. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303352. [PMID: 37794624 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious threat to the global public health. Accurate and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) allows evidence-based prescribing of antibiotics to improve patient care and clinical outcomes. Current culture-based AST assays are inherently limited by the doubling time of bacterial reproduction, which require at least 24 h to have a decisive result. Herein, a label-free electrical impedance-based microfluidic platform designed to expedite and streamline AST procedure for clinical practice is presented. Following a 30-min exposure of bacterial samples to antibiotics, the presented high-throughput, single-bacterium level impedance characterization platform enables a rapid 2-min AST assay. The platform facilitates accurate analysis of individual bacterial viability, as indicated by changes in electrical characteristics, thereby enabling the determination of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, the potential clinical applicability of this platform is demonstrated by testing different E. coli strains against five antibiotics, yielding 100% categorical agreements compared to standard culture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianwei Zhong
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Yifu Chang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yinning Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Seok Hwee Koo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
| | - Thean Yen Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
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Halawa EM, Fadel M, Al-Rabia MW, Behairy A, Nouh NA, Abdo M, Olga R, Fericean L, Atwa AM, El-Nablaway M, Abdeen A. Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistance. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1305294. [PMID: 38283841 PMCID: PMC10820715 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1305294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics represent a frequently employed therapeutic modality for the management of bacterial infections across diverse domains, including human health, agriculture, livestock breeding, and fish farming. The efficacy of antibiotics relies on four distinct mechanisms of action, which are discussed in detail in this review, along with accompanying diagrammatic illustrations. Despite their effectiveness, antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant challenge to treating bacterial infections. Bacteria have developed defense mechanisms against antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. This review delves into the specific mechanisms that bacteria have developed to resist antibiotics, with the help of diagrammatic illustrations. Antibiotic resistance can spread among bacteria through various routes, resulting in previously susceptible bacteria becoming antibiotic-resistant. Multiple factors contribute to the worsening crisis of antibiotic resistance, including human misuse of antibiotics. This review also emphasizes alternative solutions proposed to mitigate the exacerbation of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M. Halawa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fadel
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratories-Diagnostic Immunology Division, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Behairy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Nehal A. Nouh
- Department of Microbiology, Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Inpatient Pharmacy, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Rada Olga
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Liana Fericean
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed M. Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
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Rubio-Garcia E, Ferrando N, Martin N, Ballesté-Delpierre C, Miró JM, Paredes R, Casals-Pascual C, Vila J. In vitro antibacterial activity of antiretroviral drugs on key commensal bacteria from the human microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1306430. [PMID: 38259963 PMCID: PMC10801051 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1306430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antiretroviral therapy has improved life expectancy in HIV-infected patients. However, people living with HIV under antiretroviral therapy are at higher risks of developing chronic complications and acquiring multidrug resistant bacteria than healthy population. These factors have been associated with shifts in gut microbiome composition and immune activation. It is unclear how antiretroviral drugs affect gut microbiota composition, but it has been observed that antiretroviral treatment is not able to fully restore gut health after HIV infection. Additionally, some antiretroviral drugs have shown antibacterial activity suggesting that these drugs could have a direct impact on the human microbiome composition. Methods We determined the in vitro antibacterial activity of 16 antiretroviral drugs against a set of key clinically relevant and human commensal bacterial strains. Results Our results demonstrate that 5 antiretroviral drugs have in vitro antibacterial activity against gut and vaginal human commensal bacteria. Zidovudine has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Prevotella bivia, abacavir against Gardnerella vaginalis, efavirenz against G. vaginalis and P. bivia and bictegravir against Enterococcus spp. and G. vaginalis. Moreover, we describe for the first time that elvitegravir has antibacterial activity against G. vaginalis and P. bivia and, most importantly, against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains with MIC values of 4-16 and 4 µg/mL, respectively showing high level of effectiveness against the tested multidrug-resistant bacteria. Discussion Our results underscore that some antiretroviral drugs may influence the human microbiota composition. In addition, we report the potential use of elvitegravir to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria warranting the need of clinical studies to repurpose this antiretroviral drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rubio-Garcia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Core Facility, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Ferrando
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Martin
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Ballesté-Delpierre
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Disease Networking Biomedical Research Center, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Miró
- Infectious Disease Networking Biomedical Research Center, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious diseases Service. Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- Infectious Disease Networking Biomedical Research Center, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Fundació Lluita Contra les Infeccions, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Climent Casals-Pascual
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Disease Networking Biomedical Research Center, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Disease Networking Biomedical Research Center, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Vaja MD, Chokshi HA, Jansari JJ, Dixit OS, Savaliya SS, Patel DP, Patel FS. Study of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Shigella spp. in India. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 19:182-196. [PMID: 38317464 DOI: 10.2174/0127724344268156231129095108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are essential in reducing illness and mortality brought on by infectious diseases in both humans and animals. However, the therapeutic effect of antibiotics has diminished due to an increase in antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR). This article provides a retrospective analysis of AMR in Shigella infections in India, showing a rise in resistance that has contributed to a global burden. Shigella spp. are widespread and the second-leading cause of diarrheal death in people of all ages. The frequency and mortality rates of Shigella infections are decreased by antibiotic treatment. However, the growth of broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance is making it more difficult to treat many illnesses. Reduced cell permeability, efflux pumps, and the presence of enzymes that break down antibiotics are the causes of resistance. AMR is a multifaceted and cross-sectoral problem that affects humans, animals, food, and the environment. As a result, there is a growing need for new therapeutic approaches, and ongoing surveillance of Shigella spp. infections which should definitely be improved for disease prevention and management. This review emphasizes on the epidemiological data of India, and antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulikkumar D Vaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Heenaben A Chokshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Janak J Jansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Om S Dixit
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Shubham S Savaliya
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Deepak P Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Fenil S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
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Faleye OS, Boya BR, Lee JH, Choi I, Lee J. Halogenated Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Drug-Resistant Pathogens. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 76:90-141. [PMID: 37845080 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance presents us with a potential global crisis as it undermines the abilities of conventional antibiotics to combat pathogenic microbes. The history of antimicrobial agents is replete with examples of scaffolds containing halogens. In this review, we discuss the impacts of halogen atoms in various antibiotic types and antimicrobial scaffolds and their modes of action, structure-activity relationships, and the contributions of halogen atoms in antimicrobial activity and drug resistance. Other halogenated molecules, including carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, and polymeric complexes, are also reviewed, and the effects of halogenated scaffolds on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and factors affecting antimicrobial and antivirulence activities are presented. Furthermore, the potential of halogenation to circumvent antimicrobial resistance and rejuvenate impotent antibiotics is addressed. This review provides an overview of the significance of halogenation, the abilities of halogens to interact in biomolecular settings and enhance pharmacological properties, and their potential therapeutic usages in preventing a postantibiotic era. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Antimicrobial resistance and the increasing impotence of antibiotics are critical threats to global health. The roles and importance of halogen atoms in antimicrobial drug scaffolds have been established, but comparatively little is known of their pharmacological impacts on drug resistance and antivirulence activities. This review is the first to extensively evaluate the roles of halogen atoms in various antibiotic classes and pharmacological scaffolds and to provide an overview of their ability to overcome antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajide Sunday Faleye
- School of Chemical Engineering (O.S.F., B.R.B., J.-H.L., J.L.) and Department of Medical Biotechnology (I.C.), Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bharath Reddy Boya
- School of Chemical Engineering (O.S.F., B.R.B., J.-H.L., J.L.) and Department of Medical Biotechnology (I.C.), Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering (O.S.F., B.R.B., J.-H.L., J.L.) and Department of Medical Biotechnology (I.C.), Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering (O.S.F., B.R.B., J.-H.L., J.L.) and Department of Medical Biotechnology (I.C.), Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering (O.S.F., B.R.B., J.-H.L., J.L.) and Department of Medical Biotechnology (I.C.), Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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21
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Pipiya SO, Kudzhaev AM, Mirzoeva NZ, Mokrushina YA, Ziganshin RH, Komlev AS, Petrova PE, Smirnov IV, Gabibov AG, Shamova OV, Terekhov SS. Bioengineering the Antimicrobial Activity of Yeast by Recombinant Thanatin Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1719. [PMID: 38136753 PMCID: PMC10741026 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of antibiotic resistance marks the end of the era of conventional antibiotics. Mankind desires new molecular tools to fight pathogenic bacteria. In this regard, the development of new antimicrobials based on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is again of particular interest. AMPs have various mechanisms of action on bacterial cells. Moreover, AMPs have been reported to be efficient in preclinical studies, demonstrating a low level of resistance formation. Thanatin is a small, beta-hairpin antimicrobial peptide with a bacterial-specific mode of action, predetermining its low cytotoxicity toward eukaryotic cells. This makes thanatin an exceptional candidate for new antibiotic development. Here, a microorganism was bioengineered to produce an antimicrobial agent, providing novel opportunities in antibiotic research through the directed creation of biocontrol agents. The constitutive heterologous production of recombinant thanatin (rThan) in the yeast Pichia pastoris endows the latter with antibacterial properties. Optimized expression and purification conditions enable a high production level, yielding up to 20 mg/L of rThan from the culture medium. rThan shows a wide spectrum of activity against pathogenic bacteria, similarly to its chemically synthesized analogue. The designed approach provides new avenues for AMP engineering and creating live biocontrol agents to fight antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya O. Pipiya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.M.K.); (N.Z.M.); (Y.A.M.); (R.H.Z.); (I.V.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Arsen M. Kudzhaev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.M.K.); (N.Z.M.); (Y.A.M.); (R.H.Z.); (I.V.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Nisso Z. Mirzoeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.M.K.); (N.Z.M.); (Y.A.M.); (R.H.Z.); (I.V.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Yuliana A. Mokrushina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.M.K.); (N.Z.M.); (Y.A.M.); (R.H.Z.); (I.V.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Rustam H. Ziganshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.M.K.); (N.Z.M.); (Y.A.M.); (R.H.Z.); (I.V.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Alexey S. Komlev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, WCRC “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia; (A.S.K.); (P.E.P.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Polina E. Petrova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, WCRC “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia; (A.S.K.); (P.E.P.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Ivan V. Smirnov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.M.K.); (N.Z.M.); (Y.A.M.); (R.H.Z.); (I.V.S.); (A.G.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Mscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.M.K.); (N.Z.M.); (Y.A.M.); (R.H.Z.); (I.V.S.); (A.G.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Mscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga V. Shamova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, WCRC “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia; (A.S.K.); (P.E.P.); (O.V.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Stanislav S. Terekhov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; (A.M.K.); (N.Z.M.); (Y.A.M.); (R.H.Z.); (I.V.S.); (A.G.G.)
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22
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Larralde-Piña IA, Acuña-Askar K, Villanueva-Rodríguez M, Guzmán-Mar JL, Murillo-Sierra JC, Ruiz-Ruiz EJ. An optimized electro-fenton pretreatment for the degradation and mineralization of a mixture of ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140339. [PMID: 37820878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The electro-Fenton process (EFP) is a powerful advanced oxidation process beneficial to treating recalcitrant contaminants, and there has been a continuing interest in combining this technology to enhance the efficiency of conventional wastewater treatment processes. In this work, an optimized EFP process is performed as pretreatment for the degradation and mineralization of three blank fluoroquinolones (FQs) drugs: ofloxacin (OFL), norfloxacin (NOR), and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The optimization of the experiment was carried out using a Box-Behnken experimental design. Faster and complete degradation of the drugs mixture was achieved in 90 min with 61.12 ± 2.0% of mineralization in 180 min, under the optimized conditions: j = 244.0 mA cm-2, [Fe2+] = 0.31 mM, and [FQs] = 87.0 mg L-1. Furthermore, a low toxicity effluent was obtained in 90 min of the experiment, according to bioassay toxicity with Vibrio fischeri. Five short-chain carboxylic acids, including oxalic, maleic, oxamic, formic, and fumaric acids, were detected and quantified, in addition to F- and NO3- inorganic ions. The inhibition of the reactive oxygen species with scavenger proof was also evaluated in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Larralde-Piña
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, México
| | - K Acuña-Askar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Medicina, Depto. de Microbiología, Monterrey, Nuevo León, C.P. 64460, México
| | - M Villanueva-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, México
| | - J L Guzmán-Mar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, México
| | - J C Murillo-Sierra
- Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción, Chile
| | - E J Ruiz-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, México.
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23
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Ghita AM, Iliescu DA, Ghita AC, Ilie LA. Susceptibility of Ocular Surface Bacteria to Various Antibiotic Agents in a Romanian Ophthalmology Clinic. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3409. [PMID: 37998545 PMCID: PMC10670825 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodic assessment of bacterial contamination is necessary as it allows proper guidance in cases of eye infections through the use of appropriate antibiotics. Due to the extensive use of antibiotic treatment, many strains of the microbiota that cause infections are resistant to the usual ophthalmic antibiotics. The present study provides an updated assessment of the susceptibility of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria found on the ocular surface to the most commonly used antibiotic agents in patients undergoing cataract surgery. A total of 993 patients were included in the study with ages between 44 and 98 years old. Conjunctival cultures were collected 7 days before cataract surgery. The response of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to various antibiotic classes, such as glycopeptides, cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, phenicols, tetracyclines, rifamycins, macrolides and penicillins, was assessed. From the tested antibiotics, vancomycin had 97.8% efficacy on Gram-positive bacteria. In the cephalosporin category, we observed a high level of resistance of the cefuroxime for both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Antibiotics that have more than 90% efficacy on Gram-positive bacteria are meropenem, imipenem, netilmicin, amikacin and rifampicin. On Gram-negative bacteria, we found 100% efficacy of all tested fluoroquinolones, i.e., aminoglycosides (except for tobramycin), doxycycline, azithromycin, clarithromycin and chloramphenicol. The current study illustrates patterns of increased resistance in certain bacteria present on the ocular surface to some of the commonly used antibiotics in ophthalmological clinical practice. One such revealing example is cefuroxime, which has been highly used as an intracameral antibiotic for the prevention of bacterial endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelian Mihai Ghita
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Bld., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Ophthalmology Department, Bucharest University Emergency Hospital, 169 Splaiul Independenței Street, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Ocularcare Ophthalmology Clinic, 128 Ion Mihalache Bld., 012244 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.G.); (L.A.I.)
| | - Daniela Adriana Iliescu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Bld., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Ocularcare Ophthalmology Clinic, 128 Ion Mihalache Bld., 012244 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.G.); (L.A.I.)
| | - Ana Cristina Ghita
- Ocularcare Ophthalmology Clinic, 128 Ion Mihalache Bld., 012244 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.G.); (L.A.I.)
| | - Larisa Adriana Ilie
- Ocularcare Ophthalmology Clinic, 128 Ion Mihalache Bld., 012244 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.G.); (L.A.I.)
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24
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Costa FMS, Granja A, Pérez RL, Warner IM, Reis S, Passos MLC, Saraiva MLMFS. Fluoroquinolone-Based Organic Salts (GUMBOS) with Antibacterial Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15714. [PMID: 37958698 PMCID: PMC10650486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a silent pandemic considered a public health concern worldwide. Strategic therapies are needed to replace antibacterials that are now ineffective. One approach entails the use of well-known antibacterials along with adjuvants that possess non-antibiotic properties but can extend the lifespan and enhance the effectiveness of the treatment, while also improving the suppression of resistance. In this regard, a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) presents an alternative to this problem allowing the combination of antibacterials with adjuvants. Fluoroquinolones are a family of antibacterials used to treat respiratory and urinary tract infections with broad-spectrum activity. Ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin-based GUMBOS were synthesized via anion exchange reactions with lithium and sodium salts. Structural characterization, thermal stability and octanol/water partition ratios were evaluated. The antibacterial profiles of most GUMBOS were comparable to their cationic counterparts when tested against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli, except for deoxycholate anion, which demonstrated the least effective antibacterial activity. Additionally, some GUMBOS were less cytotoxic to L929 fibroblast cells and non-hemolytic to red blood cells. Therefore, these agents exhibit promise as an alternative approach to combining drugs for treating infections caused by resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. S. Costa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Andreia Granja
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Rocío L. Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.L.P.); (I.M.W.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.L.P.); (I.M.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Cincinnati University, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Marieta L. C. Passos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - M. Lúcia M. F. S. Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
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25
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Kompes G, Duvnjak S, Reil I, Hendriksen RS, Sørensen LH, Zdelar-Tuk M, Habrun B, Cvetnić L, Bagarić A, Špičić S. First Report and Characterization of the mcr-1 Positive Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain Isolated from Pigs in Croatia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2442. [PMID: 37894098 PMCID: PMC10609023 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of the plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant mcr-1 gene introduced a serious threat to public health. In 2021, a multi-drug resistant, mcr-1 positive Escherichia coli EC1945 strain, was isolated from pig caecal content in Croatia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed. Bioinformatics tools were used to determine the presence of resistance genes, plasmid Inc groups, serotype, sequence type, virulence factors, and plasmid reconstruction. The isolated strain showed phenotypic and genotypic resistance to nine antimicrobial classes. It was resistant to colistin, gentamicin, ampicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. Antimicrobial resistance genes included mcr-1, blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-1, aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ia, aadA5, sul2, catA1, gyrA (S83L, D87N), and parC (A56T, S80I). The mcr-1 gene was located within the conjugative IncX4 plasmid. IncI1, IncFIB, and IncFII plasmids were also detected. The isolate also harbored 14 virulence genes and was classified as ST744 and O101:H10. ST744 is a member of the ST10 group which includes commensal, extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates that play a crucial role as a reservoir of genes. Further efforts are needed to identify mcr-1-carrying E. coli isolates in Croatia, especially in food-producing animals to identify such gene reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordan Kompes
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Irena Reil
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- Research Group for Global Capacity Building, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (R.S.H.); (L.H.S.)
| | - Lauge Holm Sørensen
- Research Group for Global Capacity Building, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (R.S.H.); (L.H.S.)
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Boris Habrun
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Luka Cvetnić
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Antonela Bagarić
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
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26
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Leyn SA, Kent JE, Zlamal JE, Elane ML, Vercruysse M, Osterman AL. Two Classes of DNA Gyrase Inhibitors Elicit Distinct Evolutionary Trajectories Toward Resistance in Gram-Negative Pathogens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.26.546596. [PMID: 37425702 PMCID: PMC10327078 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.546596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms driving the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance is essential for the development of new drugs with minimized resistibility. To gain this knowledge, we combine experimental evolution in a continuous culturing device, the morbidostat, with whole genome sequencing of evolving cultures followed by characterization of drug-resistant isolates. Here, this approach was used to assess evolutionary dynamics of resistance acquisition against DNA gyrase/topoisomerase TriBE inhibitor GP6 in Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. The evolution of GP6 resistance in both species was driven by a combination of two classes of mutational events: (i) amino acid substitutions near the ATP-binding site of the GyrB subunit of the DNA gyrase target; and (ii) various mutations and genomic rearrangements leading to upregulation of efflux pumps, species-specific (AcrAB/TolC in E. coli and AdeIJK in A. baumannii) and shared by both species (MdtK). A comparison with the experimental evolution of resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP), previously performed using the same workflow and strains, revealed fundamental differences between these two distinct classes of compounds. Most notable were non-overlapping spectra of target mutations and distinct evolutionary trajectories that, in the case of GP6, were dominated by upregulation of efflux machinery prior to (or even in lieu) of target modification. Most of efflux-driven GP6-resistant isolates of both species displayed a robust cross-resistance to CIP, while CIP-resistant clones showed no appreciable increase in GP6-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semen A. Leyn
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James E. Kent
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jaime E. Zlamal
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marinela L. Elane
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maarten Vercruysse
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation, and Infectious Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrei L. Osterman
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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27
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Marinho AMDR, de Oliveira CMSC, Silva-Silva JV, de Jesus SCA, Siqueira JES, de Oliveira LC, Auzier JF, Soares LN, Pinheiro MLB, Silva SC, Medeiros LS, Costa EV, Marinho PSB. Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of the Biotransformation of Diterpene Acanthoic Acid Using the Fungus Xylaria sp. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1331. [PMID: 37627751 PMCID: PMC10451833 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotransformations are reactions mediated by microorganisms, such as fungi. These bioreactions have high chemo- and stereoselectivity on organic substrates and can be applied in the search for new bioactive compounds. In this study, acanthoic acid (AA) was biotransformed using the fungus Xylaria sp., giving the novel compound 3β,7β-dihydroxyacanthoic acid (S1). Both the AA and the product S1 were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. To identify and validate possible biological targets as enzymes or proteins involved in the activity observed in vitro, we used the molecular docking method. Hydroxylation at the C-3 and C-7 positions of the biotransformation product enhanced its activity against Escherichia coli as well as its binding affinity and interactions with superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; PDB ID 4A7G). Based on our results, the SOD1 enzyme was suggested to be a possible target for the antioxidant activity of product S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Moacir do Rosario Marinho
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.C.A.d.J.); (J.E.S.S.); (L.C.d.O.); (P.S.B.M.)
| | - Claudia Maria S. C. de Oliveira
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará, Marabá 68507-590, PA, Brazil; (C.M.S.C.d.O.); (S.C.S.)
| | - João Victor Silva-Silva
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13418-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Samara C. Anchieta de Jesus
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.C.A.d.J.); (J.E.S.S.); (L.C.d.O.); (P.S.B.M.)
| | - José Edson S. Siqueira
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.C.A.d.J.); (J.E.S.S.); (L.C.d.O.); (P.S.B.M.)
| | - Luana C. de Oliveira
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.C.A.d.J.); (J.E.S.S.); (L.C.d.O.); (P.S.B.M.)
| | - Jéssica Fernandes Auzier
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil; (J.F.A.); (L.N.S.); (M.L.B.P.); (E.V.C.)
| | - Liviane N. Soares
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil; (J.F.A.); (L.N.S.); (M.L.B.P.); (E.V.C.)
| | - Maria Lúcia Belém Pinheiro
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil; (J.F.A.); (L.N.S.); (M.L.B.P.); (E.V.C.)
| | - Sebastião C. Silva
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará, Marabá 68507-590, PA, Brazil; (C.M.S.C.d.O.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Lívia S. Medeiros
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema 09920-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Emmanoel V. Costa
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil; (J.F.A.); (L.N.S.); (M.L.B.P.); (E.V.C.)
| | - Patrícia S. Barbosa Marinho
- Post-Graduation in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (S.C.A.d.J.); (J.E.S.S.); (L.C.d.O.); (P.S.B.M.)
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28
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Mączyńska B, Jama-Kmiecik A, Sarowska J, Woronowicz K, Choroszy-Król I, Piątek D, Frej-Mądrzak M. Changes in Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates in a Multi-Profile Hospital in Years 2017-2022 in Wroclaw, Poland. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5020. [PMID: 37568422 PMCID: PMC10420100 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, we have witnessed increasing drug resistance among bacteria, which is associated with the use and availability of an increasing number of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, as well as with their irrational and excessive use. The present study aims to analyze changes in the drug resistance of Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, isolated from infections in a multi-profile hospital over a five-year period (from 2017 to 2022). Among the practical results of the evaluation of these data will be the possibility to determine changes in susceptibility to the antibiotics used in the hospital. This, in turn, will help propose new therapeutic options, especially for empirical therapy, which is essential in severe infections. Analysis of the use of different antibiotic groups has made it possible to identify the causes of increasing resistance in the analyzed Gram-negative bacilli. The highest antibiotic use was observed in the hospital between 2020 and 2022, most probably due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the higher number of patients in severe condition requiring hospitalization. Unfortunately, during the period analyzed, the number of multi-resistant strains of A. baumannii was successively increasing; this seems to be related to the increased use, especially during the pandemic period, of broad-spectrum antibiotics, mainly penicillins with inhibitors, third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Mączyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jama-Kmiecik
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Sarowska
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Irena Choroszy-Król
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Piątek
- Lower Silesian T. Marciniak Specialist Hospital-Center for Emergency Medicine, 54-049 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frej-Mądrzak
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Lach J, Krupińska M, Mikołajczyk A, Strapagiel D, Stączek P, Matera-Witkiewicz A. Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Saline Environments Active against E. faecalis and S. aureus: Identification, Characterisation and Potential Usage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11787. [PMID: 37511545 PMCID: PMC10380286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms inhabiting saline environments have been known for decades as producers of many valuable bioproducts. These substances include antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), the most recognizable of which are halocins produced by halophilic Archaea. As agents with a different modes of action from that of most conventionally used antibiotics, usually associated with an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane as a result of a formation of channels and pores, AMPs are a currently promising object of research focused on the investigation of antibiotics with non-standard modes of action. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant human pathogens of three peptides, which were synthetised based on sequences identified in metagenomes from saline environments. The investigations were performed against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity and haemolytic properties of the tested peptides were verified. An in silico analysis of the interaction of the tested peptides with molecular targets for reference antibiotics was also carried out in order to verify whether or not they can act in a similar way. The P1 peptide manifested the growth inhibition of E. faecalis at a MIC50 of 32 µg/mL and the P3 peptide at a MIC50 of 32 µg/mL was shown to inhibit the growth of both E. faecalis and S. aureus. Furthermore, the P1 and P3 peptides were shown to have no cytotoxic or haemolytic activity against human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Lach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-235 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krupińska
- Screening of Biological Activity Assays and Collection of Biological Material Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University Biobank, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mikołajczyk
- Screening of Biological Activity Assays and Collection of Biological Material Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University Biobank, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-235 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Stączek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz
- Screening of Biological Activity Assays and Collection of Biological Material Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University Biobank, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Zhgun AA. Fungal BGCs for Production of Secondary Metabolites: Main Types, Central Roles in Strain Improvement, and Regulation According to the Piano Principle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11184. [PMID: 37446362 PMCID: PMC10342363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are one of the most important producers of secondary metabolites. Some of them can have a toxic effect on the human body, leading to diseases. On the other hand, they are widely used as pharmaceutically significant drugs, such as antibiotics, statins, and immunosuppressants. A single fungus species in response to various signals can produce 100 or more secondary metabolites. Such signaling is possible due to the coordinated regulation of several dozen biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), which are mosaically localized in different regions of fungal chromosomes. Their regulation includes several levels, from pathway-specific regulators, whose genes are localized inside BGCs, to global regulators of the cell (taking into account changes in pH, carbon consumption, etc.) and global regulators of secondary metabolism (affecting epigenetic changes driven by velvet family proteins, LaeA, etc.). In addition, various low-molecular-weight substances can have a mediating effect on such regulatory processes. This review is devoted to a critical analysis of the available data on the "turning on" and "off" of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in response to signals in filamentous fungi. To describe the ongoing processes, the model of "piano regulation" is proposed, whereby pressing a certain key (signal) leads to the extraction of a certain sound from the "musical instrument of the fungus cell", which is expressed in the production of a specific secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Zhgun
- Group of Fungal Genetic Engineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 33-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Raileanu M, Borlan R, Campu A, Janosi L, Turcu I, Focsan M, Bacalum M. No country for old antibiotics! Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as next-generation treatment for skin and soft tissue infection. Int J Pharm 2023:123169. [PMID: 37356506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the unprecedented rise of bacterial antibiotic resistance together with the lack of adequate therapies have made the treatment of skin infections and chronic wounds challenging, urging the scientific community to focus on the development of new and more efficient treatment strategies. In this context, there is a growing interest in the use of natural molecules with antimicrobial features, capable of supporting wound healing i.e., antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. In this review, we give a short overview of the bacterial skin infections as well as some of the classic treatments used for topical application. We then summarize the AMPs classes, stressing the importance of the appropriate selection of the peptides based on their characteristics and physicochemical properties in order to maximize the antibacterial efficacy of the therapeutic systems against multi-drug resistant pathogens. Additionally, the present paper provides a comprehensive and rigorous assessment of the latest clinical trials investigating the efficacy of AMPs in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, highlighting the relevant outcomes. Seeking to obtain novel and improved compounds with synergistic activity, while also decreasing some of the known side effects of AMPs, we present two employed strategies using AMPs: (i) AMPs-conjugated nanosystems for systemic and topical drug delivery systems and (ii) antibiotics-peptide conjugates as a strategy to overcome antibiotics resistance. Finally, an important property of some of the AMPs used in wound treatment is highlighted: their ability to help in wound healing by generally promoting cell proliferation and migration, and in some cases re-epithelialization and angiogenesis among others. Thus, as the pursuit of improvement is an ongoing effort, this work presents the advances made in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections along with their advantages and limitations, while the still remaining challenges are addressed by providing future prospects and strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Raileanu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, Măgurele 077125, Romania
| | - Raluca Borlan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Campu
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorant Janosi
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 65-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Turcu
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 65-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Bacalum
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, Măgurele 077125, Romania.
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Shaib H, Aoun P, Ghaddar A, Al Labadi H, Obeid Y. Multidrug Resistance and Plasmid Profiles of Escherichia coli Isolated from Lebanese Broiler Farms. Int J Microbiol 2023; 2023:8811675. [PMID: 37303775 PMCID: PMC10250091 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8811675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmid fingerprints of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from Lebanese broiler chickens. To that end, a total of 30 E. coli isolates were collected from 15 semi-open broiler farms from North Lebanon and Bekaa Valley. Results showed that all the isolates were resistant to at least nine out of 18 evaluated antimicrobial agents. The best-performing antibiotic families were Carbapenems (Imipenem) and Quinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin) to which only 0.0 and 8.3% of the isolates were resistant, respectively. Fifteen various plasmid profiles were depicted, and all the isolates were found to possess one or multiple plasmids. The plasmid sizes varied from 1.2 to 21.0 kbp, and the most commonly detected plasmid had a size of 5.7 kbp (23.3% of the isolates). There was no significant association between the number of plasmids per isolate and resistance to a particular drug. Nevertheless, the presence of specific plasmids, namely, the 2.2 or 7.7 kbp sized ones, was strongly correlated to Quinolones or Trimethoprim resistance, respectively. Both the 7.7 and 6.8 kbp plasmids showed mild correlation to Amikacin resistance, and the 5.7 kbp plasmid was mildly correlated to Piperacillin-Tazobactam resistance. Our findings highlight the need to revise the list of antimicrobials currently used in Lebanese poultry and associate the presence of specific plasmids to antimicrobial resistance patterns in E. coli isolates. The revealed plasmid profiles could also serve any future epidemiological investigation of poultry disease outbreaks in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Shaib
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Paul Aoun
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Ghaddar
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hamza Al Labadi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Obeid
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Janardhanan J, Kim C, Qian Y, Yang J, Meisel J, Ding D, Speri E, Schroeder V, Wolter W, Oliver A, Mobashery S, Chang M. A dual-action antibiotic that kills Clostridioides difficile vegetative cells and inhibits spore germination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304110120. [PMID: 37155891 PMCID: PMC10193928 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most lethal of the five CDC urgent public health treats, resulting in 12,800 annual deaths in the United States alone [Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019 (2019), www.cdc.gov/DrugResistance/Biggest-Threats.html]. The high recurrence rate and the inability of antibiotics to treat such infections mandate discovery of new therapeutics. A major challenge with CDI is the production of spores, leading to multiple recurrences of infection in 25% of patients [C. P. Kelly, J. T. LaMont, N. Engl. J. Med. 359, 1932-1940 (2008)], with potentially lethal consequence. Herein, we describe the discovery of an oxadiazole as a bactericidal anti-C. difficile agent that inhibits both cell-wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis and spore germination. We document that the oxadiazole binds to the lytic transglycosylase SleC and the pseudoprotease CspC for prevention of spore germination. SleC degrades the cortex peptidoglycan, a critical step in the initiation of spore germination. CspC senses germinants and cogerminants. Binding to SleC is with higher affinity than that to CspC. Prevention of spore germination breaks the nefarious cycles of CDI recurrence in the face of the antibiotic challenge, which is a primary cause of therapeutic failure. The oxadiazole exhibits efficacy in a mouse model of recurrent CDI and holds promise in clinical treatment of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeshina Janardhanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Choon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Jingdong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Jayda E. Meisel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Derong Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Enrico Speri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Valerie A. Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - William R. Wolter
- Freimann Life Sciences Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
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Rømer Villumsen K, Allahghadry T, Karwańska M, Frey J, Bojesen AM. Quinolone Resistance in Gallibacterium anatis Determined by Mutations in Quinolone Resistance-Determining Region. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:903. [PMID: 37237806 PMCID: PMC10215703 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of the important pathogen, Gallibacterium anatis, which causes salpingitis and peritonitis in poultry, relies on treatment using antimicrobial compounds. Among these, quinolones and fluoroquinolones have been used extensively, leading to a rise in the prevalence of resistant strains. The molecular mechanisms leading to quinolone resistance, however, have not previously been described for G. anatis, which is the aim of this study. The present study combines phenotypic antimicrobial resistance data with genomic sequence data from a collection of G. anatis strains isolated from avian hosts between 1979 and 2020. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for nalidixic acid, as well as for enrofloxacin for each included strain. In silico analyses included genome-wide queries for genes known to convey resistance towards quinolones, identification of variable positions in the primary structure of quinolone protein targets and structural prediction models. No resistance genes known to confer resistance to quinolones were identified. Yet, a total of nine positions in the quinolone target protein subunits (GyrA, GyrB, ParC and ParE) displayed substantial variation and were further analyzed. By combining variation patterns with observed resistance patterns, positions 83 and 87 in GyrA, as well as position 88 in ParC, appeared to be linked to increased resistance towards both quinolones included. As no notable differences in tertiary structure were observed between subunits of resistant and sensitive strains, the mechanism behind the observed resistance is likely due to subtle shifts in amino acid side chain properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Rømer Villumsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Toloe Allahghadry
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Magdalena Karwańska
- Department of Epizootiology with Exotic Animal and Bird Clinic, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joachim Frey
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Tawfick MM, Adulall AK, El-Kholy AA, Manakhly ARE. Mutation-based fluoroquinolone resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli isolates causing catheter-related bloodstream infections. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2023; 17:18-25. [PMID: 37151743 PMCID: PMC10155246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We studied the presence of mutations in the chromosomal quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the fluoroquinolone targets gyrA and parC genes and detected the carbapenem resistance (CR) encoding genes among Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli isolates from catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Methods The study included 39 non-duplicate isolates of A. baumannii (14/39, 35.9%) and E. coli (25/39, 64.1%) isolated from 128 confirmed CRBSIs cases. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, followed by an evaluation of biofilm formation using the tissue culture plate method. The carbapenemase encoding genes were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mutations in QRDRs of gyrA and parC genes were determined by singleplex PCR amplification followed by DNA sequencing and BlastN analysis in the GenBank database. DNA and the translated amino acid sequences were analyzed using the Mega7 bioinformatics tool. Results Multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli and A. baumannii isolates harbored CR encoding genes and combined gyrA and parC genes mutation. The specific substitutions observed in GyrA were Cys173Arg, Cys174Gly, Asp80Val, Tyr178ASP, Tyr84Gly, Glu85Lys, Ser172Leu, and Asp176Asn, while the specific substitutions observed in the ParC amino acid sequence were point mutation 62 Arg, Phe60Leu, Ils66Val, and Gln76Lys. Point mutation 62Arg was detected in two A. baumannii isolates, whereas Ser172Leu mutation was observed in two E. coli isolates. Conclusion The presence of new single and multiple mutations in QRDR causes the emergence of MDR E. coli and A. baumannii infections in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Egypt, requiring further investigation in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Tawfick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Nasr City, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer K. Adulall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani A. El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Arwa Ramadan El Manakhly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
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Williams J, Burton N, Dhanoa G, Sagona AP. Host-phage interactions and modeling for therapy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 200:127-158. [PMID: 37739552 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Phage are drivers of numerous ecological processes on the planet and have the potential to be developed into a therapy alternative to antibiotics. Phage at all points of their life cycle, from initiation of infection to their release, interact with their host in some manner. More importantly, to harness their antimicrobial potential it is vital to understand how phage interact with the eukaryotic environment in the context of applying phage for therapy. In this chapter, the various mechanisms of phage interplay with their hosts as part of their natural life cycle are discussed in depth for Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Further, the literature surrounding the various models utilized to develop phage as a therapeutic are examined, and how these models may improve our understanding of phage-host interactions and current progress in utilizing phage for therapy in the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Burton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Gurneet Dhanoa
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia P Sagona
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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Rossi F, Péguilhan R, Turgeon N, Veillette M, Baray JL, Deguillaume L, Amato P, Duchaine C. Quantification of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in clouds at a mountain site (puy de Dôme, central France). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161264. [PMID: 36587700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is becoming a major sanitary concern worldwide. The extensive use of large quantities of antibiotics to sustain human activity has led to the rapid acquisition and maintenance of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in bacteria and to their spread into the environment. Eventually, these can be disseminated over long distances by atmospheric transport. Here, we assessed the presence of ARGs in clouds as an indicator of long-distance travel potential of antibiotic resistance in the atmosphere. We hypothesized that a variety of ARGs can reach the altitude of clouds mainly located within the free troposphere. Once incorporated in the atmosphere, they are efficiently transported and their respective concentrations should differ depending on the sources and the geographical origin of the air masses. We deployed high-flow rate impingers and collected twelve clouds between September 2019 and October 2021 at the meteorological station of the puy de Dôme summit (1465 m a.s.l., France). Total airborne bacteria concentration was assessed by flow cytometry, and ARGs subtypes of the main families of antibiotic resistance (quinolone, sulfonamide, tetracycline; glycopeptide, aminoglycoside, β-lactamase, macrolide) including one mobile genetic element (transposase) were quantified by qPCR. Our results indicate the presence of 29 different ARGs' subtypes at concentrations ranging from 1.01 × 103 to 1.61 × 104 copies m-3 of air. Clear distinctions could be observed between clouds in air masses transported over marine areas (Atlantic Ocean) and clouds influenced by continental surfaces. Specifically, quinolones (mostly qepA) resistance genes were prevalent in marine clouds (54 % of the total ARGs on average), whereas higher contributions of sulfonamide, tetracycline; glycopeptide, β-lactamase and macrolide were found in continental clouds. This study constitutes the first evidence for the presence of microbial ARGs in clouds at concentrations comparable to other natural environments. This highlights the atmosphere as routes for the dissemination of ARGs at large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Rossi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raphaëlle Péguilhan
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Turgeon
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Veillette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Baray
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, UAR 833, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR 6016, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Deguillaume
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, UAR 833, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR 6016, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Amato
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
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Genomic, Molecular, and Phenotypic Characterization of Arthrobacter sp. OVS8, an Endophytic Bacterium Isolated from and Contributing to the Bioactive Compound Content of the Essential Oil of the Medicinal Plant Origanum vulgare L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054845. [PMID: 36902273 PMCID: PMC10002853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants play an important role in the discovery of new bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity, thanks to their pharmacological properties. However, members of their microbiota can also synthesize bioactive molecules. Among these, strains belonging to the genera Arthrobacter are commonly found associated with the plant's microenvironments, showing plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity and bioremediation properties. However, their role as antimicrobial secondary metabolite producers has not been fully explored. The aim of this work was to characterize the Arthrobacter sp. OVS8 endophytic strain, isolated from the medicinal plant Origanum vulgare L., from molecular and phenotypic viewpoints to evaluate its adaptation and influence on the plant internal microenvironments and its potential as a producer of antibacterial volatile molecules (VOCs). Results obtained from the phenotypic and genomic characterization highlight its ability to produce volatile antimicrobials effective against multidrug-resistant (MDR) human pathogens and its putative PGP role as a producer of siderophores and degrader of organic and inorganic pollutants. The outcomes presented in this work identify Arthrobacter sp. OVS8 as an excellent starting point toward the exploitation of bacterial endophytes as antibiotics sources.
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Overview of Side-Effects of Antibacterial Fluoroquinolones: New Drugs versus Old Drugs, a Step Forward in the Safety Profile? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030804. [PMID: 36986665 PMCID: PMC10056716 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial fluoroquinolones (FQs) are frequently used in treating infections. However, the value of FQs is debatable due to their association with severe adverse effects (AEs). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued safety warnings concerning their side-effects in 2008, followed by the European Medicine Agency (EMA) and regulatory authorities from other countries. Severe AEs associated with some FQs have been reported, leading to their withdrawal from the market. New systemic FQs have been recently approved. The FDA and EMA approved delafloxacin. Additionally, lascufloxacin, levonadifloxacin, nemonoxacin, sitafloxacin, and zabofloxacin were approved in their origin countries. The relevant AEs of FQs and their mechanisms of occurrence have been approached. New systemic FQs present potent antibacterial activity against many resistant bacteria (including resistance to FQs). Generally, in clinical studies, the new FQs were well-tolerated with mild or moderate AEs. All the new FQs approved in the origin countries require more clinical studies to meet FDA or EMA requirements. Post-marketing surveillance will confirm or infirm the known safety profile of these new antibacterial drugs. The main AEs of the FQs class were addressed, highlighting the existing data for the recently approved ones. In addition, the general management of AEs when they occur and the rational use and caution of modern FQs were outlined.
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Kumarage PM, Majeed S, De Silva LADS, Heo GJ. Detection of virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and heavy metal resistance properties in Vibrio anguillarum isolated from mullet (Mugil cephalus) cultured in Korea. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:415-425. [PMID: 36735199 PMCID: PMC9944176 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we identified and characterized 22 strains of V. anguillarum from 145 samples of mullets (Mugill cephallus) cultured in several fish farms in South Korea. They were subjected to pathogenicity tests, antimicrobial susceptibility test, and broth dilution test to detect virulence markers, antimicrobial resistance, and heavy metal resistance properties. All the isolates showed amylase and caseinase activity, followed by gelatinase (90.9%), DNase (45.5%), and hemolysis activities (α = 81.1% and β = 18.2%). The PCR assay revealed that isolates were positive for VAC, ctxAB, AtoxR, tdh, tlh, trh, Vfh, hupO, VPI, and FtoxR virulence genes at different percentages. All the isolates showed multi-drug resistance properties (MAR index ≥ 0.2), while 100% of the isolates were resistant to oxacillin, ticarcillin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin. Antimicrobial resistance genes, qnrS (95.5%), qnrB (86.4%), and StrAB (27.3%), were reported. In addition, 40.9% of the isolates were cadmium-tolerant, with the presence of CzcA (86.4%) heavy metal resistance gene. The results revealed potential pathogenicity associated with V. anguillarum in aquaculture and potential health risk associated with consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Kumarage
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-Ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Chungbuk, 28644, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sana Majeed
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-Ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Chungbuk, 28644, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - L A D S De Silva
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-Ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Chungbuk, 28644, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gang-Joon Heo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-Ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Chungbuk, 28644, Cheongju, South Korea.
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Kumar G, Kiran Tudu A. Tackling multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by natural products and their analogues acting as NorA efflux pump inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 80:117187. [PMID: 36731248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogen responsible for various community and hospital-acquired infections with life-threatening complications like bacteraemia, endocarditis, meningitis, liver abscess, and spinal cord epidural abscess. Antibiotics have been used to treat microbial infections since the introduction of penicillin in 1940. In recent decades, the abuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, plants, and fungi, including the treatment of non-microbial diseases, have led to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens with increased virulence. Bacteria have developed several complementary mechanisms to avoid the effects of antibiotics. These mechanisms include chemical transformations and enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics, modification of antibiotics' target site, and reduction of intracellular antibiotics concentration by changes in membrane permeability or by the overexpression of efflux pumps (EPs). The strategy to check antibiotic resistance includes synthesis of the antibiotic analogues, or antibiotics are given in combination with the adjuvant. The inhibitors of multidrug EPs are considered promising alternative therapeutic options with the potential to revive the effects of antibiotics and reduce bacterial virulence. Natural products played a vital role in drug discovery and significantly contributed to the area of infectious diseases. Also, natural products provide lead compounds that sometimes need modification based on structural and biological properties to meet the drug criteria. This review discusses natural products and their derived compounds as NorA efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Asha Kiran Tudu
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana 500037, India
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Onikanni SA, Lawal B, Fadaka AO, Bakare O, Adewole E, Taher M, Khotib J, Susanti D, Oyinloye BE, Ajiboye BO, Ojo OA, Sibuyi NRS. Computational and Preclinical Prediction of the Antimicrobial Properties of an Agent Isolated from Monodora myristica: A Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibitor. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041593. [PMID: 36838579 PMCID: PMC9966190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) is a medically useful plant. We, herein, aimed to critically examine whether bioactive compounds identified in the extracted oil of Monodora myristica could act as antimicrobial agents. To this end, we employed the Schrödinger platform as the computational tool to screen bioactive compounds identified in the oil of Monodora myristica. Our lead compound displayed the highest potency when compared with levofloxacin based on its binding affinity. The hit molecule was further subjected to an Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) prediction, and a Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out on molecules with PubChem IDs 529885 and 175002 and on three standards (levofloxacin, cephalexin, and novobiocin). The MD analysis results demonstrated that two molecules are highly compact when compared to the native protein; thereby, this suggests that they could affect the protein on a structural and a functional level. The employed computational approach demonstrates that conformational changes occur in DNA gyrase after the binding of inhibitors; thereby, this resulted in structural and functional changes. These findings expand our knowledge on the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and could pave the way for the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of multi-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Amos Onikanni
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria
- Correspondence: or (S.A.O.); (J.K.); (B.O.A.)
| | - Bashir Lawal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Oluwafemi Bakare
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko 342111, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel Adewole
- Industrial Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
- Pharmaceutics and Translational Research Group, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Junaidi Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: or (S.A.O.); (J.K.); (B.O.A.)
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa 3886, South Africa
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti 371104, Nigeria
- Correspondence: or (S.A.O.); (J.K.); (B.O.A.)
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo 232101, Nigeria
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa
- Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg 2194, South Africa
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Spencer AC, Panda SS. DNA Gyrase as a Target for Quinolones. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020371. [PMID: 36830908 PMCID: PMC9953508 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial DNA gyrase is a type II topoisomerase that can introduce negative supercoils to DNA substrates and is a clinically-relevant target for the development of new antibacterials. DNA gyrase is one of the primary targets of quinolones, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents and are used as a first-line drug for various types of infections. However, currently used quinolones are becoming less effective due to drug resistance. Common resistance comes in the form of mutation in enzyme targets, with this type being the most clinically relevant. Additional mechanisms, conducive to quinolone resistance, are arbitrated by chromosomal mutations and/or plasmid-gene uptake that can alter quinolone cellular concentration and interaction with the target, or affect drug metabolism. Significant synthetic strategies have been employed to modify the quinolone scaffold and/or develop novel quinolones to overcome the resistance problem. This review discusses the development of quinolone antibiotics targeting DNA gyrase to overcome bacterial resistance and reduce toxicity. Moreover, structural activity relationship (SAR) data included in this review could be useful for the development of future generations of quinolone antibiotics.
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Dallo M, Patel K, Hebert AA. Topical Antibiotic Treatment in Dermatology. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020188. [PMID: 36830098 PMCID: PMC9952385 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many indications in dermatology can be effectively managed with topical antibiotics, including acne vulgaris, wound infections, secondarily infected dermatitis, and impetigo. Dermatologists must be familiar with the wide spectrum of topical antibiotics available, including indications, mechanisms of action, adverse events, and spectra of activity. Dermatologists must also keep antibiotic resistance in mind when utilizing these medications. Due to the widespread use of topical antibiotics and their importance in dermatology, a literature review was performed using a systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar with the terms topical antibiotics, skin infections, dermatology, antimicrobials, and inflammatory dermatoses to identify English-language articles published between 1965-2022 from any country. Relevant publications were manually reviewed for additional content. The following literature review will summarize the common topical antibiotics used in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dallo
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Health Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (K.P.); Tel.: +1-713-500-8278 (M.D. & K.P.)
| | - Kavina Patel
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Health Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (K.P.); Tel.: +1-713-500-8278 (M.D. & K.P.)
| | - Adelaide A. Hebert
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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45
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Li Y, Kumar S, Zhang L, Wu H, Wu H. Characteristics of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230707. [PMID: 37197355 PMCID: PMC10183727 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen that can cause a range of infections in hospitalized patients. With the growing use of antibiotics, MDR K. pneumoniae is more prevalent, posing additional difficulties and obstacles in clinical therapy. To provide a valuable reference to deeply understand K. pneumoniae, and also to provide the theoretical basis for clinical prevention of such bacteria infections, the antibiotic resistance and mechanism of K. pneumoniae are discussed in this article. We conducted a literature review on antibiotic resistance of K. pneumoniae. We ran a thorough literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, among other databases. We also thoroughly searched the literature listed in the papers. We searched all antibiotic resistance mechanisms and genes of seven important antibiotics used to treat K. pneumoniae infections. Antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and quinolones are used in the treatment of K. pneumoniae infection. With both chromosomal and plasmid-encoded ARGs, this pathogen has diverse resistance genes. Carbapenem resistance genes, enlarged-spectrum β-lactamase genes, and AmpC genes are the most often β-lactamase resistance genes. K. pneumoniae is a major contributor to antibiotic resistance worldwide. Understanding K. pneumoniae antibiotic resistance mechanisms and molecular characteristics will be important for the design of targeted prevention and novel control strategies against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Pharmacy Department, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, 224005Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
- Post Graduate Centre, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, 40100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Lihu Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, 224005Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongjie Wu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Pharmacy Department, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, 224005Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
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Impact of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides on P. aeruginosa virulence factor production and cytotoxicity. Biochem J 2022; 479:2511-2527. [PMID: 36504127 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide and the world health organisation has listed it with the highest priority for the need of new antimicrobial therapies. P. aeruginosa strains responsible for the poorest clinical outcomes express either ExoS or ExoU, which are injected into target host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). ExoS is a bifunctional cytotoxin that promotes intracellular survival of invasive P. aeruginosa by preventing targeting of the bacteria to acidified intracellular compartments. ExoU is a phospholipase which causes destruction of host cell plasma membranes, leading to acute tissue damage and bacterial dissemination. Fluoroquinolones are usually employed as a first line of therapy as they have been shown to be more active against P. aeruginosa in vitrothan other antimicrobial classes. Their overuse over the past decade, however, has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In certain clinical situations, aminoglycosides have been shown to be more effective then fluoroquinolones, despite their reduced potency towards P. aeruginosa in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin) and aminoglycosides (tobramycin and gentamycin) on T3SS expression and toxicity, in corneal epithelial cell infection models. We discovered that tobramycin disrupted T3SS expression and reduced both ExoS and ExoU mediated cytotoxicity, protecting infected HCE-t cells at concentrations below the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The fluoroquinolones moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin, however, up-regulated the T3SS and did not inhibit and may have increased the cytotoxic effects of ExoS and ExoU.
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Increased Expression of Efflux Pump norA Drives the Rapid Evolutionary Trajectory from Tolerance to Resistance against Ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0059422. [PMID: 36445128 PMCID: PMC9765010 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00594-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensively intermittent use of antibiotics promotes the rapid evolution of tolerance, which may lead to resistance acquisition in the following evolutionary trajectory. In addition to directly exporting antibiotics as an instant resistance strategy, efflux pumps are overexpressed in tolerant strains. To investigate how efflux pumps participate in resistance development from tolerance to resistance, we performed in vitro evolutional experiments against the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in norA efflux pump mutants of Staphylococcus aureus. These experiments demonstrated that overexpression of norA rapidly facilitated the development of ciprofloxacin resistance from tolerance to resistance through elevated spontaneous mutations. The generated resistance mutations were further fixed in the population by increasing survival ability. The observed Ser80Phe and Glu84Lys mutations in the topoisomerase IV ParC (GrlA in S. aureus) may be responsible for tolerant strains to develop resistance to ciprofloxacin since it has been reported that such mutations disrupt the water-metal ion bridge between quinolones and ParC. MepA and Sav1866 are related to the same antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) susceptibility as NorA, and they also contributed to resistance development against ciprofloxacin. MgrA positively regulated NorA expression and the development of ciprofloxacin resistance. Importantly, blocking the evolutionary pathway by coadministering ciprofloxacin with the efflux pump inhibitor reserpine effectively delayed the resistance acquisition in an in vitro experiment. This study illustrated the role of efflux pumps in the evolutionary trajectory from tolerance to resistance. The delayed resistance development caused by the efflux pump inhibitor illuminates a possible strategy for postponing the resistance acquisition from tolerance to resistance by disrupting efflux pumps.
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Bhatt S, Chatterjee S. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics: Occurrence, mode of action, resistance, environmental detection, and remediation - A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120440. [PMID: 36265724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics play an essential role in the medical healthcare world, but their widespread usage and high prevalence have posed negative environmental consequences. During the past few decades, various antibiotic drugs have been detected in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Among them, the Fluoroquinolones (FQ) group is ubiquitous in the environment and has emerged as a major environmental pollutant. FQs are very significant, broad-spectrum antibiotics used in treating various pathogenic diseases of humans and animals. The most known and used FQs are ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. After human and animal administration, about 70% of these drugs are excreted out in unaltered form into the environment. Besides, wastewater discharge from pharmaceutical industries, hospitals, and agriculture runoff is the major contributor to the accumulation of FQs into the ecosystem. Their long-term presence in the environment creates selection pressure on microorganisms and contributes to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. In addition to the resistance, these antibiotics also impose ecotoxicological effects on various animals and plant species. The presence of the fluorine atom in Fluoroquinolones makes them highly electronegative, strong, recalcitrant, and less compatible with microbial degradation. Many biological and chemical processes have been invented and successfully implemented during the past few decades for the elimination of these pollutants from the environment. This review provides a detailed overview of the classification, occurrence, distribution, and ecotoxicological effects of Fluoroquinolones. Their modes of action, resistance mechanism, detection and analysis methods, and remediation strategies have also been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunidhi Bhatt
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block, Shahpur District, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Subhankar Chatterjee
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block, Shahpur District, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India; Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Dept. of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
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Annisa N, Barliana MI, Santoso P, Ruslami R. Transporter and metabolizer gene polymorphisms affect fluoroquinolone pharmacokinetic parameters. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1063413. [PMID: 36588725 PMCID: PMC9798452 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1063413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that occurs globally. Treatment of TB has been hindered by problems with multidrug-resistant strains (MDR-TB). Fluoroquinolones are one of the main drugs used for the treatment of MDR-TB. The success of therapy can be influenced by genetic factors and their impact on pharmacokinetic parameters. This review was conducted by searching the PubMed database with keywords polymorphism and fluoroquinolones. The presence of gene polymorphisms, including UGT1A1, UGT1A9, SLCO1B1, and ABCB1, can affect fluoroquinolones pharmacokinetic parameters such as area under the curve (AUC), creatinine clearance (CCr), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), half-life (t1/2) and peak time (tmax) of fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Annisa
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Biotechnology Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia,Unit of Clinical Pharmacy and Community, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Melisa I. Barliana
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Biotechnology Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia,Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia,*Correspondence: Melisa I. Barliana,
| | - Prayudi Santoso
- Division of Respirology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rovina Ruslami
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Afzal M, Vijay AK, Stapleton F, Willcox M. The Relationship between Ciprofloxacin Resistance and Genotypic Changes in S. aureus Ocular Isolates. Pathogens 2022; 11:1354. [PMID: 36422605 PMCID: PMC9695201 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent cause of eye infections with some isolates exhibiting increased antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics. The increasing resistance of ocular S. aureus to ciprofloxacin is a serious concern as it is a commonly used as a first line antibiotic to treat S. aureus keratitis. This study aimed to analyse genetic mutations in the genomes of 25 S. aureus isolates from infections or non-infectious ocular conditions from the USA and Australia and their relationship to ciprofloxacin resistance. Overall, 14/25 isolates were phenotypically resistant to ciprofloxacin. All isolates were analyzed for mutations in their quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and efflux pump genes. Of the fourteen resistant isolates, 9/14 had ciprofloxacin resistance mutations within their QRDRs, at codons 80 or 84 within the parC subunit and codon 84 within the gyrA subunit of DNA gyrase. The highest resistance (MIC = 2560 μg/mL) was associated with two SNPs in both gyrA and parC. Other resistant isolates (3/14) had mutations within norB. Mutations in genes of other efflux pumps and their regulator (norA, norC, mepA, mdeA, sepA, sdrM, mepR, arlR, and arlS) or the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system (mutL and mutS) were not associated with increased resistance to ciprofloxacin. The functional mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in QRDRs (gyrA and parC) and norB suggests that these are the most common reasons for ciprofloxacin resistance in ocular isolates. Novel SNPs of gyrA Glu-88-Leu, Asn-860-Thr and Thr-845-Ala and IIe-855-Met, identified in this study, need further gene knock out/in studies to better understand their effect on ciprofloxacin resistance.
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