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Osredkar J, Vičič V, Hribar M, Benedik E, Siuka D, Jerin A, Čegovnik Primožič U, Fabjan T, Kumer K, Pravst I, Žmitek K. Seasonal variation of total and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in the healthy adult Slovenian population. Acta Biochim Pol 2024; 71:13108. [PMID: 39323456 PMCID: PMC11422067 DOI: 10.3389/abp.2024.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the total 25(OH)D fraction, the bioavailable vitamin fraction, and the free vitamin D fraction in spring and fall in a group of healthy individuals. Methods: In our study, we collected blood samples from healthy participants at the end of both summer and winter, and measured serum levels of albumin, DBP, and 25(OH)D. Utilizing these data, we calculated the percentage of free and bioavailable vitamin D. Our cohort comprised 87 participants, with a male-to-female ratio of 14:73, aged 35.95 ± 12.55 years, ranging from 19 to 70 years. We employed the chemiluminescence method to determine the vitamin 25(OH)D levels, the ELISA method was utilized to determine DBP levels, the albumin BCP Assay was performed using the ADVIA biochemical analyzer (Siemens) and an online calculator was used to determine the free and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels. Results: Our findings indicate significantly lower 25(OH)D levels in winter (44.13 ± 17.82 nmol/L) compared to summer (74.97 ± 22.75 nmol/L; p < 0.001). For vitamin D binding protein there was no significant difference from summer (236.2 ± 164.39 mg/L) to winter (239.86 ± 141.9 mg/L; p = 0.77), albumin levels were significantly higher in summer (49.37 ± 4.15 g/L vs. 47.97 ± 3.91 g/L, p = 0.01), but the magnitude of the change may not be large enough to be solely responsible for the stability of vitamin D levels throughout the year. In the winter season a significantly lower calculated bioavailable 25(OH)D vitamin (7.45 ± 5.66 nmol/L against 13.11 ± 8.27 nmol/L; p < 0.001) was observed, and the free fraction also showed a significant decrease (17.3 ± 12.9 pmol/L versus 29.7 ± 19.1 pmol/L; p < 0.0001). We observed a moderately positive correlation between 25(OH)D and bioavailable percentage in winter (r = 0.680; p < 0.001), in contrast with a lower positive association in summer (r = 0.343; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest a positive correlation between total and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels. In addition to the statistically significant variation in 25(OH)D between the two observation periods, there was an additional variation in the free vitamin D percentage. The summertime synthesis of vitamin D in the skin could contribute directly to the free fraction of vitamin D. Standardizing the measurement of free 25(OH)D and clinical studies is necessary to establish reference values before these methods can be implemented in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joško Osredkar
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Vičič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedicine in Healthcare, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Evgen Benedik
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Food Science and Technology, Group for Nutrition, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Siuka
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Jerin
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Čegovnik Primožič
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Teja Fabjan
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Kumer
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Katja Žmitek
- Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences (VIST), Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ghosh Dastidar R, Jaroslawska J, Malinen M, Tuomainen TP, Virtanen JK, Bendik I, Carlberg C. In vivo vitamin D targets reveal the upregulation of focal adhesion-related genes in primary immune cells of healthy individuals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17552. [PMID: 39080417 PMCID: PMC11289414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D modulates innate and adaptive immunity, the molecular mechanisms of which we aim to understand under human in vivo conditions. Therefore, we designed the study VitDHiD (NCT03537027) as a human investigation, in which 25 healthy individuals were supplemented with a single vitamin D3 bolus (80,000 IU). Transcriptome-wide differential gene expression analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which were isolated directly before and 24 h after supplementation, identified 452 genes significantly (FDR < 0.05) responding to vitamin D. In vitro studies using PBMCs from the same individuals confirmed 138 of these genes as targets of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. A subset of the 91 most regulated in vivo vitamin D target genes indicated focal adhesion as the major pathway being upregulated by vitamin D3 supplementation of healthy individuals. Differences in the individual-specific responsiveness of in vivo vitamin D target genes in relation to the increase of the person's vitamin D status allowed a segregation of the VitDHiD participants into 9 high, 12 mid and 4 low responders. The expression profile of nearly 600 genes elucidate the difference between high and low vitamin D responders, the most prominent of which is the HLA-C (major histocompatibility complex, class I, C) gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Ghosh Dastidar
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. J. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Julia Jaroslawska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. J. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marjo Malinen
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Engineering, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kouvola, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Igor Bendik
- dsm-Firmenich AG, Health, Nutrition and Care (HNC), Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. J. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Jaroslawska J, Ghosh Dastidar R, Carlberg C. In vivo vitamin D target genes interconnect key signaling pathways of innate immunity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306426. [PMID: 39042613 PMCID: PMC11265685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D3 metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), its nuclear receptor VDR (vitamin D receptor) and hundreds of their target genes are not only key regulators of calcium homeostasis, but also important modulators of the immune system. Innate immune cells like monocytes use VDR for efficient differentiation and are very responsive to vitamin D. So far, most information on the gene regulatory function of vitamin D and its physiological impact had been obtained from in vitro studies using supraphysiological doses of 1,25(OH)2D3. Therefore, medical experiments like the study VitDHiD (NCT03537027), where 25 healthy individuals were supplemented once with a vitamin D3 bolus (80,000 IU), provide important insight into the response to vitamin D under in vivo conditions. In this study, we inspected 452 in vivo vitamin D target genes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) detected in VitDHiD and found 61 of them involved in eight major KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways of innate immunity. Under in vivo conditions in healthy individuals vitamin D either silences five pathways of innate immunity, stabilizes two and increases one, so that acute inflammation is suppressed and the release of cytokines is kept under control. A ranking of the 61 target genes by inducibility, basal expression and multiple involvements in the pathways highlighted the genes NFKBIA (NFκB inhibitor alpha), NFKBIZ, FOSL2 (FOS like 2, AP1 transcription factor subunit), JDP2 (Jun dimerization protein 2), PIK3R1 (phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1), CLEC7A (C-type lectin domain containing 7A), DUSP6 (dual specificity phosphatase 6), NCF2 (neutrophil cytosolic factor 2), PLCB1 (phospholipase C beta 1), PLCG2 and TNFAIP3 (TNF alpha induced protein 3). In conclusion, vitamin D's in vivo effect on innate immunity in healthy adults is mediated by the interconnection of the pathways of neutrophil extracellular trap formation, Toll-like receptor, chemokine and phagosome signaling, NOD-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor, apoptosis and interleukin 17 through a limited set of proteins encoded by key target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jaroslawska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ranjini Ghosh Dastidar
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Warren MF, Pitman PM, Hodgson DD, Thompson NC, Livingston KA. Dietary Super-Doses of Cholecalciferol Fed to Aged Laying Hens Illustrates Limitation of 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Conversion. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102156. [PMID: 38737576 PMCID: PMC11088228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Older humans taking high concentrations of vitamin D3 supplementation for a prolonged time may be at risk of vitamin D toxicity. It is unclear how dietary super-doses (10,000 times greater than the requirement) can affect vitamin D3 status in aged animals. Aged laying hens could be a model to compare vitamin D3 supplementation effects with women in peri- or postmenopausal stages of life. Objectives We investigated the dietary super-dose impacts of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on vitamin D3 status in aged laying hens in production. Methods Forty-eight 68-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were individually housed in cages with 8 hens per dietary treatment for 11 wk. Hens were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups of dietary vitamin D3 supplementation and consumed ad libitum. Supplementation concentrations were 400, 800, 7400, 14,000, 20,000, and 36,000 IU D3/kg of feed. At the end of the study, all hens were sacrificed, and tissue samples and feces were collected. Plasma and egg yolk vitamin D3 metabolites, calcium and phosphorus composition of eggshells, ileal digesta, and feces were measured. Duodenal, ileal, liver, and kidney gene expression levels were also measured. Results We observed that increasing dietary vitamin D3 increased plasma vitamin D3 and egg yolk vitamin D3 (P < 0.0001 for both sites). We also observed an increase in plasma 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol as dietary vitamin D3 concentrations increased (P < 0.0001). The plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol:24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol ratio exhibited an asymptotic relationship starting at the 14,000 IU/kg D3 treatment. Conclusions Dietary super-doses of vitamin D3 led to greater plasma and egg yolk vitamin D3 concentrations, which shows that aged laying hens can deposit excess vitamin D3 in egg yolk. We suggest future research should explore how 24-hydroxylation mechanisms are affected by vitamin D3 supplementation. Further understanding of 24-hydroxylation can help ascertain ways to reduce the risk of vitamin D toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Warren
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Pete M Pitman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Dellila D Hodgson
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nicholas C Thompson
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kimberly A Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Logesh R, Hari B, Chidambaram K, Das N. Molecular effects of Vitamin-D and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle combating Type-II diabetes mellitus. Gene 2024; 904:148216. [PMID: 38307219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Multiple post-receptor intracellular alterations such as impaired glucose transfer, glucose phosphorylation, decreased glucose oxidation, and glycogen production contribute to insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle, manifested by diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Type-2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) has caused by IR, which is also seen in obese patients and those with metabolic syndrome. The Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) roles in skeletal muscle growth, shapes, and function for combating type-2 diabetes have been clarified throughout this research. VDR and PUFAs appears to show a variety of effects on skeletal muscle, in addition it shows a promising role on bone and mineral homeostasis. Individuals having T2DM are reported to suffer from severe muscular weakness and alterations in shape of the muscle. Several studies have investigated the effect on VDR on muscular strength and mass, which leads to Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) in individuals, in which most commonly seen in elderly. VDR has been shown to affect skeletal cellular proliferation, intracellular calcium handling, as well as genomic activity in a variety of different ways such as muscle metabolism, insulin sensitivity, which is the major characteristic pathogenesis for IR in combating T2DM. The identified VDR gene polymorphisms are ApaI, TaqI, FokI, and BsmI that are associated with T2DM. This review collates informations on the mechanisms by which VDR activation takes place in skeletal muscles. Despite the significant breakthroughs made in recent decades, various studies show that IR affects VDR and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle. Therefore, this review collates the data to show the role of VDR and PUFAs in the skeletal muscles to combat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Karnataka, India.
| | - Balaji Hari
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, The Nilgiris, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al-Qara, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799155, Tripura, India
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Aggeletopoulou I, Tsounis EP, Triantos C. Vitamin D and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): Novel Mechanistic Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4901. [PMID: 38732118 PMCID: PMC11084591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an increasingly prevalent condition characterized by abnormal fat accumulation in the liver, often associated with metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and the development and progression of MASLD. The current review provides a concise overview of recent studies uncovering novel mechanistic insights into the interplay between vitamin D and MASLD. Several epidemiological studies have highlighted a significant association between low vitamin D levels and an increased risk of MASLD. Vitamin D, traditionally known for its role in bone health, has now been recognized as a key player in various physiological processes, including immune regulation and inflammation. Experimental studies using animal models have demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency exacerbates liver steatosis and inflammation, suggesting a potential protective role against MASLD. Mechanistically, vitamin D appears to modulate MASLD through multiple pathways. Firstly, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is abundantly expressed in liver cells, indicating a direct regulatory role in hepatic function. Activation of the VDR has been shown to suppress hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation, providing a mechanistic basis for the observed protective effects. Additionally, vitamin D influences insulin sensitivity, a critical factor in MASLD pathogenesis. Improved insulin sensitivity may mitigate the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, thus attenuating MASLD progression. In parallel, vitamin D exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in MASLD pathophysiology. Experimental evidence suggests that the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D extend to the liver, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, key drivers of MASLD, and the likelihood of hepatocyte injury and fibrosis. Understanding the complex interplay between vitamin D and MASLD provides a basis for exploring targeted therapeutic strategies and preventive interventions. As vitamin D deficiency is a modifiable risk factor, addressing this nutritional concern may prove beneficial in mitigating the burden of MASLD and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (E.P.T.)
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Ersahin A, Celik O, Gungor ND, Celik N, Melil S, Yardim M, Dalkilic S, Ersahin C, Dogukargin E, Celik S, Akkoc RF. Long pentraxin 3 and vitamin D receptor mRNA expression pattern of cumulus granulosa cells isolated from PCOS oocytes at different stages of nuclear maturation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:6. [PMID: 38167474 PMCID: PMC10759607 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fine-tuned pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory balance in the follicular unit is essential for cumulus expansion and successful ovulation. While the long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) gene is required for the expansion of cumulus cells (CCs), ovulation, resumption of meiosis and fertilization, the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR-X2) is required for intra-follicle redox balance. This study was planned to determine the expression pattern of VDR-X2 and PTX3 mRNA in CCs isolated from germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (MI), and metaphase II (MII) oocytes of PCOS patients with ovulatory dysfunction. METHODS The relative expression of CC-PTX3 and CC-VDR-X2 mRNA were evaluated using qRT-PCR in a total of 79 CC samples collected from individual cumulus-oocyte complex of 40 infertile patients (20 PCOS and 20 non-PCOS normal responders) who underwent ovarian stimulation with the GnRH antagonist protocol. RESULTS Relative PTX3 mRNA expressions of CCMI-control and CCMII-control showed 3- and 9-fold significant upregulation compared to CCGV-control, respectively. The relative PTX3 mRNA expression of CCMII-control increased approximately three fold compared to CCMI-control. Compared to CCGV-pcos, a 3-fold increase was noted in the relative PTX3 mRNA expression of CCMI-pcos and an approximately 4-fold increase in the PTX3 mRNA expression of CCMII-pcos. Relative PTX3 mRNA expression values of CCMII-pcos and CCMI-pcos were similar. A 6-fold upregulation of relative PTX3 mRNA and a 4-fold upregulation of VDR-X2 mRNA were detected in CCMII-control compared to CCMII-pcos. CC-VDR-X2 expression patterns of the PCOS and control groups overlapped with the CC-PTX3 pattern. Fertilization rates of the PCOS group exhibiting failed transcript expression were similar to normal responders. CONCLUSION The fact that relative CC-PTX3 and CC-VDR mRNA expression does not increase during the transition from MI to MII stage in PCOS as in normal responders suggests that PTX3 and VDR expression may be defective in cumulus cells of PCOS patients with ovulatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Ersahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahcesehir University Goztepe Medicalpark Hospital, Istanbul, 34732, Turkey
| | - Onder Celik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Private Clinic, Usak, 64000, Turkey.
| | - Nur D Gungor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahcesehir University Goztepe Medicalpark Hospital, Istanbul, 34732, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Celik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Izmir, 35210, Turkey
| | - Sureyya Melil
- Göztepe Medicalpark Hospital IVF-Unit, Istanbul, 34732, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yardim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Yerkoy State Hospital, Yozgat, 66900, Turkey
| | - Semih Dalkilic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cenk Ersahin
- Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34732, Turkey
| | - Ece Dogukargin
- Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34732, Turkey
| | - Sudenaz Celik
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Ramazan F Akkoc
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, 34060, Turkey
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Donati S, Palmini G, Aurilia C, Falsetti I, Marini F, Giusti F, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. Calcifediol: Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2023; 15:4409. [PMID: 37892484 PMCID: PMC10610216 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its essential role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, the secosteroid hormone calcitriol has received growing attention over the last few years. Calcitriol, like other steroid hormones, may function through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. In the traditional function, the interaction between the biologically active form of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) affects the transcription of thousands of genes by binding to repeated sequences present in their promoter region, named vitamin D-responsive elements (VDREs). Non-transcriptional effects, on the other hand, occur quickly and are unaffected by inhibitors of transcription and protein synthesis. Recently, calcifediol, the immediate precursor metabolite of calcitriol, has also been shown to bind to the VDR with weaker affinity than calcitriol, thus exerting gene-regulatory properties. Moreover, calcifediol may also trigger rapid non-genomic responses through its interaction with specific membrane vitamin D receptors. Membrane-associated VDR (mVDR) and protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (Pdia3) are the best-studied candidates for mediating these rapid responses to vitamin D metabolites. This paper provides an overview of the calcifediol-related mechanisms of action, which may help to better understand the vitamin D endocrine system and to identify new therapeutic targets that could be important for treating diseases closely associated with vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.D.); (G.P.); (C.A.); (I.F.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Gaia Palmini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.D.); (G.P.); (C.A.); (I.F.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Cinzia Aurilia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.D.); (G.P.); (C.A.); (I.F.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Irene Falsetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.D.); (G.P.); (C.A.); (I.F.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Francesca Marini
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca Sulle Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), 50129 Florence, Italy;
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.D.); (G.P.); (C.A.); (I.F.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.D.); (G.P.); (C.A.); (I.F.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca Sulle Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), 50129 Florence, Italy;
- Donatello Bone Clinic, Villa Donatello Hospital, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Jaroslawska J, Carlberg C. In Vivo Regulation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Vitamin D Stabilizes Homeostasis of Human Immune Cells and Counteracts Molecular Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14632. [PMID: 37834080 PMCID: PMC10572664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a pre-hormone that regulates hundreds of target genes and dozens of physiological functions, including calcium homeostasis and the activity of the immune system, via its metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which is a high-affinity ligand for the transcription factor vitamin D receptor. In this study, we took advantage of data from the VitDHiD vitamin D3 intervention trial (25 healthy individuals) indicating that 442 protein-coding genes were significantly (false discovery rate < 0.05) up- or downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells one day after taking a vitamin D3 bolus. Since more than half of the encoded proteins had "signaling" assigned as a primary biological function, we evaluated their involvement in signal transduction cascades included in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) database and found 88 of the vitamin D targets contributing to 16 different pathways. Eight of the pathways show an approximately even contribution of up- and downregulated genes, suggesting that the actions of vitamin D stabilize homeostasis of the physiological processes driven by the respective signaling cascades. Interestingly, vitamin D target genes involved in the signaling pathways of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) are primarily downregulated. This supports the observation that the physiological role of vitamin D in healthy individuals is to tone down certain processes rather than activate them. In conclusion, under in vivo conditions, vitamin D either alleviates the homeostasis of immune cells in healthy individuals or counteracts molecular responses to oxygen deprivation (HIF1), microbe infection (TNF), growth stimulation (MAPKs) and inflammation (NFκB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jaroslawska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Berghaus LJ, Cathcart J, Berghaus RD, Hart KA. Age-related changes in vitamin D metabolism and vitamin D receptor expression in equine alveolar macrophages: a preliminary study. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 259:110593. [PMID: 37030152 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR)-vitamin D axis modulates pulmonary immunity in people but its role in equine immunity is unknown. Bacterial pneumonia causes high morbidity/mortality in foals and alveolar macrophages (AMφ) are important for pulmonary defenses. Age-related variations in vitamin D-mediated function of AMφ might contribute to the foal's susceptibility to pneumonia. Our aim was to assess the impact of age on equine vitamin D metabolism and VDR expression in AMφ. AMφ and plasma was collected from healthy foals (2, 4 and 8 weeks old) and adult horses (once). AMφ VDR expression was determined via RT-qPCR and plasma vitamin D metabolites quantified via immunoassays. Data were analyzed with linear mixed models. Inactive-vitamin D metabolite concentrations were lowest in foals at 2 weeks and lower at 2 and 4 weeks compared to adults (P < 0.001). Active-vitamin D metabolite concentrations were higher in foals than adults (P < 0.05). VDR expression was detected in AMφ in all animals and was highest in 2-week-old foals. Vitamin D metabolism and AMφ VDR expression are impacted by age in horses. This may have immunological consequences in foals given the key role that the VDR-vitamin D axis has in pulmonary immunity in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Berghaus
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga 30605, Greece
| | - J Cathcart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga 30605, Greece
| | - R D Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga 30605, Greece
| | - K A Hart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga 30605, Greece.
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11
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Aggeletopoulou I, Marangos M, Assimakopoulos SF, Mouzaki A, Thomopoulos K, Triantos C. Vitamin D and Microbiome: Molecular Interaction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023:S0002-9440(23)00055-X. [PMID: 36868465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies of systemic autoimmune diseases point to characteristic microbial patterns in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Autoimmune diseases, and IBD in particular, show a predisposition to vitamin D deficiency, leading to alterations in the microbiome and disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. In this review, we examine the role of the gut microbiome in IBD and discuss how vitamin D-vitamin D receptor (VDR)-associated molecular signaling pathways contribute to the development and progression of IBD through their effects on gut barrier function, the microbial community, and immune system function. The present data demonstrate that vitamin D promotes the proper function of the innate immune system by acting as an immunomodulator, exerting anti-inflammatory effects, and critically contributing to the maintenance of gut barrier integrity and modulation of the gut microbiota, mechanisms that may influence the IBD development and progression. VDR regulates the biological effects of vitamin D and is related to environmental, genetic, immunologic, and microbial aspects of IBD. Vitamin D influences the distribution of the fecal microbiota, with high vitamin D levels associated with increased levels of beneficial bacterial species and lower levels of pathogenic bacteria. Understanding the cellular functions of vitamin D-VDR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells may pave the way for the development of new treatment strategies for the therapeutic armamentarium of IBD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Immunohematology, Medical School, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stelios F Assimakopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Immunohematology, Medical School, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Thomopoulos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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12
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Mata-Greenwood E, Westenburg HCA, Zamudio S, Illsley NP, Zhang L. Decreased Vitamin D Levels and Altered Placental Vitamin D Gene Expression at High Altitude: Role of Genetic Ancestry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3389. [PMID: 36834800 PMCID: PMC9967090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude hypoxia challenges reproduction; particularly in non-native populations. Although high-altitude residence is associated with vitamin D deficiency, the homeostasis and metabolism of vitamin D in natives and migrants remain unknown. We report that high altitude (3600 m residence) negatively impacted vitamin D levels, with the high-altitude Andeans having the lowest 25-OH-D levels and the high-altitude Europeans having the lowest 1α,25-(OH)2-D levels. There was a significant interaction of genetic ancestry with altitude in the ratio of 1α,25-(OH)2-D to 25-OH-D; with the ratio being significantly lower in Europeans compared to Andeans living at high altitude. Placental gene expression accounted for as much as 50% of circulating vitamin D levels, with CYP2R1 (25-hydroxylase), CYP27B1 (1α-hydroxylase), CYP24A1 (24-hydroxylase), and LRP2 (megalin) as the major determinants of vitamin D levels. High-altitude residents had a greater correlation between circulating vitamin D levels and placental gene expression than low-altitude residents. Placental 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase and vitamin D receptor were upregulated at high altitude in both genetic-ancestry groups, while megalin and 24-hydroxylase were upregulated only in Europeans. Given that vitamin D deficiency and decreased 1α,25-(OH)2-D to 25-OH-D ratios are associated with pregnancy complications, our data support a role for high-altitude-induced vitamin D dysregulation impacting reproductive outcomes, particularly in migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Mata-Greenwood
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hans C. A. Westenburg
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Stacy Zamudio
- Placental Research Group LLC, Maplewood, NJ 07040, USA
| | | | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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13
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25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D and Risk of Recurrent Stroke: A Dose Response Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030512. [PMID: 36771220 PMCID: PMC9921019 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke recurrence significantly improves the prognosis quoad vitam et valetudinem of patients with a first ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke. Other than in bone and skeletal metabolism, vitamin D is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between 25OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels at the first stroke and the stroke recurrence. To 31 July 2022, four prospective studies were identified. The potential non-linear relationship was evaluated by modelling 25(OH)D, using restricted cubic splines of 25(OH)D distribution. The pooled estimated risk (and 95% CI) of the recurrence of stroke, comparing the highest and the lowest levels, was assessed using a random-effect model. A non-linear association was found by dose-response analysis. This study found that 25(OH)D levels at the first stroke ≥9.3 ng/mL were associated with a lower risk of stroke recurrence, compared with 25(OH)D levels ≤8.5 ng/mL. In the pooled analysis, higher 25(OH)D levels at the first stroke significantly reduce the risk of stroke recurrence, with a significant heterogeneity among studies. In conclusion, 25(OH)D levels ≤8.5 ng/mL at the first stroke are significantly associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke.
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14
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Marchwicka A, Nowak U, Grembowska A, Jakuszak A, Poręba P, Marcinkowska E. Overexpressed fibroblast growth factor receptors increase 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-dependent differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 224:106173. [PMID: 36031072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many malignancies are driven by mutations within the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). Previously, we have shown that signal transduction from the FOP2-FGFR1 fusion protein in acute myeloid leukemia KG1 cells is responsible for a low level of expression of the vitamin D receptor gene. In this paper, we address whether other fibroblast growth factor receptors regulate the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. We used the human myeloid leukemia U937 and HL60 cells, the bone cancer cell line U2OS, and cell transfection methods to answer the question. For myeloid leukemia cells, overexpression of FGFRs 1-3 genes caused a shift towards monocytic differentiation; this was extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) 1,2-dependent. Overexpression of FGFRs 1-3 genes also upregulated expression of the VDR gene, further sensitizing these cells to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-induced monocyte differentiation. When we increased expression in bone cells, fibroblast growth factor receptors did not upregulate VDR gene expression, nor influence the activity of VDR. Fibroblast growth factor receptors are overexpressed in many neoplasms. Therefore, it may be reasonable to use vitamin D analogs to treat these cancers, to activate VDR and drive cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Nowak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Grembowska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jakuszak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Poręba
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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15
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Aggeletopoulou I, Thomopoulos K, Mouzaki A, Triantos C. Vitamin D–VDR Novel Anti-Inflammatory Molecules—New Insights into Their Effects on Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158465. [PMID: 35955597 PMCID: PMC9369388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is consistent evidence that vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with liver dysfunction, disease severity, and poor prognosis in patients with liver disease. Vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) contribute to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The presence of genetic variants of vitamin D- and VDR-associated genes has been associated with liver disease progression. In our recent work, we summarized the progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in vitamin D–VDR signaling and discussed the functional significance of VDR signaling in specific cell populations in liver disease. The current review focuses on the complex interaction between immune and liver cells in the maintenance of liver homeostasis and the development of liver injury, the interplay of vitamin D and VDR in the development and outcome of liver disease, the role of vitamin D- and VDR-associated genetic variants in modulating the occurrence and severity of liver disease, and the therapeutic value of vitamin D supplementation in various liver diseases. The association of the vitamin D–VDR complex with liver dysfunction shows great potential for clinical application and supports its use as a prognostic index and diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (C.T.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Thomopoulos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (C.T.)
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16
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Vitamin D, Vitamin D-Binding Proteins, and VDR Polymorphisms in Individuals with Hyperglycaemia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153147. [PMID: 35956323 PMCID: PMC9370481 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D reportedly plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus; however, this role is unclear and debated. This study investigated the association between 25(OH) vitamin D, vitamin D-binding proteins, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in healthy individuals and those with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) from South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving subjects of mixed ancestry aged ≥20 years. Males presented with higher mean 25(OH) vitamin D levels than females, while females exhibited significantly higher serum vitamin D-binding protein levels. Significant differences in mean 25(OH) vitamin D levels were observed in normo-glycaemic, prediabetes, screen-detected DM, and known DM individuals. Vitamin D receptor SNPs Fok1 and Taq1 were not associated with glycaemic status. Fok1 was not associated with 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency, while Taq1 was associated with vitamin D insufficiency. This study showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in this South African population, with decreased vitamin D levels observed in hyperglycaemic individuals, which was not linked to either vitamin D-binding protein or polymorphisms in Fok1 of the VDR gene. These results may be used as a platform for further research into diagnosis and treatment of hyperglycaemia.
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17
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Hanel A, Veldhuizen C, Carlberg C. Gene-Regulatory Potential of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2. Front Nutr 2022; 9:910601. [PMID: 35911100 PMCID: PMC9330572 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.910601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) represent a highly responsive primary tissue that is composed of innate and adaptive immune cells. In this study, we compared modulation of the transcriptome of PBMCs by the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), 25(OH)D2 and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). Saturating concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 resulted after 24 h stimulation in a comparable number and identity of target genes, but below 250 nM 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 were largely insufficient to affect the transcriptome. The average EC50 values of 206 common target genes were 322 nM for 25(OH)D3 and 295 nM for 25(OH)D2 being some 600-fold higher than 0.48 nM for 1,25(OH)2D3. The type of target gene, such as primary/secondary, direct/indirect or up-/down-regulated, had no significant effect on vitamin D metabolite sensitivity, but individual genes could be classified into high, mid and lower responders. Since the 1α-hydroxylase CYP27B1 is very low expressed in PBMCs and early (4 and 8 h) transcriptome responses to 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 were as prominent as to 1,25(OH)2D3, both vitamin D metabolites may directly control gene expression. In conclusion, at supra-physiological concentrations 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 are equally potent in modulating the transcriptome of PBMCs possibly by directly activating the vitamin D receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hanel
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
- *Correspondence: Carsten Carlberg
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18
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Hsieh MC, Hsiao PJ, Liao MT, Hou YC, Chang YC, Chiang WF, Wu KL, Chan JS, Lu KC. The Role of Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7368. [PMID: 35806377 PMCID: PMC9266309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been described as an essential nutrient and hormone, which can cause nuclear, non-genomic, and mitochondrial effects. Vitamin D not only controls the transcription of thousands of genes, directly or indirectly through the modulation of calcium fluxes, but it also influences the cell metabolism and maintenance specific nuclear programs. Given its broad spectrum of activity and multiple molecular targets, a deficiency of vitamin D can be involved in many pathologies. Vitamin D deficiency also influences mortality and multiple outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Active and native vitamin D serum levels are also decreased in critically ill patients and are associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and in-hospital mortality. In addition to regulating calcium and phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D-related mechanisms regulate adaptive and innate immunity. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have a role in excessive proinflammatory cell recruitment and cytokine release, which contribute to alveolar and full-body endothelial damage. AKI is one of the most common extrapulmonary manifestations of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are also some correlations between the vitamin D level and COVID-19 severity via several pathways. Proper vitamin D supplementation may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for AKI and has the benefits of low cost and low risk of toxicity and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 235, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Jen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 235, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (W.-F.C.); (K.-L.W.); (J.-S.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Hou
- Department of Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Chieh Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 235, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (W.-F.C.); (K.-L.W.); (J.-S.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Chiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 235, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (W.-F.C.); (K.-L.W.); (J.-S.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lin Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 235, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (W.-F.C.); (K.-L.W.); (J.-S.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Shyong Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 235, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (W.-F.C.); (K.-L.W.); (J.-S.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
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19
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Córdova A, Caballero-García A, Noriega-González D, Bello HJ, Pons A, Roche E. Nitric-Oxide-Inducing Factors on Vitamin D Changes in Older People Susceptible to Suffer from Sarcopenia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105938. [PMID: 35627475 PMCID: PMC9141722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and magnesium, together with vitamin D and the hormones testosterone and cortisol, are key elements in muscle function, to maintain physical fitness. This study aims to analyze if supplementation with NO precursors (L-arginine, L-citrulline and beetroot extract) modulates the circulating levels of calcium, magnesium, vitamin D and steroid hormones in elders. Sixty-one volunteers (65.1 years old, 164.6 cm of height and 71.2 kg of weight) susceptible to develop sarcopenia participated in a physical activity program for 6 weeks. Participants were divided into four groups: one placebo and three taking one of the indicated supplements. Physical capacity was assessed through the following tests: (a) distance covered in 6 min by walking (endurance indicator); (b) hand grip (upper-body strength indicator); (c) time to cover 4 m by walking (speed indicator); and (d) time to perform five full squats (lower-body strength indicator). We concluded that there is a disparity in the association of steroid hormones, vitamin D levels and physical fitness. However, a significant inverse correlation between speed and endurance indicators was observed. Higher circulating vitamin D levels were observed in the L-arginine- and beetroot-supplemented groups. In conclusion, vasodilators increase vitamin D circulating levels that, in the long term, could maintain mineral homeostasis, improving muscular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Córdova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - David Noriega-González
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Hugo J. Bello
- Department of Mathematics, Escuela de Ingeniería de la Industria Forestal, Agronómica y de la Bioenergía, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Antoni Pons
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (E.R.)
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20
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Warwick T, Schulz MH, Gilsbach R, Brandes RP, Seuter S. Nuclear receptor activation shapes spatial genome organization essential for gene expression control: lessons learned from the vitamin D receptor. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3745-3763. [PMID: 35325193 PMCID: PMC9023275 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial genome organization is tightly controlled by several regulatory mechanisms and is essential for gene expression control. Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate physiological and pathophysiological processes and are primary pharmacological targets. DNA binding of the important loop-forming insulator protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) was modulated by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). We performed CTCF HiChIP assays to produce the first genome-wide dataset of CTCF long-range interactions in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated cells, and to determine whether dynamic changes of spatial chromatin interactions are essential for fine-tuning of nuclear receptor signaling. We detected changes in 3D chromatin organization upon vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation at 3.1% of all observed CTCF interactions. VDR binding was enriched at both differential loop anchors and within differential loops. Differential loops were observed in several putative functional roles including TAD border formation, promoter-enhancer looping, and establishment of VDR-responsive insulated neighborhoods. Vitamin D target genes were enriched in differential loops and at their anchors. Secondary vitamin D effects related to dynamic chromatin domain changes were linked to location of downstream transcription factors in differential loops. CRISPR interference and loop anchor deletion experiments confirmed the functional relevance of nuclear receptor ligand-induced adjustments of the chromatin 3D structure for gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Warwick
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Seuter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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21
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Pavek P, Dusek J, Smutny T, Lochman L, Kucera R, Skoda J, Smutna L, Kamaraj R, Soucek P, Vrzal R, Dvorak Z. Gene expression profiling of 1α,25(OH)
2
D
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treatment in 2D/3D human hepatocyte models reveals CYP3A4 induction but minor changes in other xenobiotic‐metabolizing genes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200070. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Lochman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Josef Skoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Smutna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Rajamanikkam Kamaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Toxicogenomics Unit National Institute of Public Health Prague Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic
| | - Radim Vrzal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
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22
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Mir RA, Nazir M, Naik S, Mukhtar S, Ganai BA, Zargar SM. Utilizing the underutilized plant resources for development of life style foods: Putting nutrigenomics to use. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:128-138. [PMID: 34998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient amount of minerals, vitamins, and proteins in human diet play indispensable role in maintaining the active metabolism for better human health. All the essential nutrients that are requisite for an individual's survival are acquired from plants as well as animals. Micronutrients and macronutrients directly influence the metabolic pathways and their deficiencies play a substantial role in development of manifold disorders. In addition to environmental factors, quality and quantity of foods are key factors in maintaining the human health. Transition from healthy to diseased state is concurrent with the pattern of gene expression that is largely influenced by nutrition and environment. A combined approach to study the influence of nutrition on expression of numerous genes can be well explored through nutrigenomic studies. Nutrigenomics includes studies wherein applied genomics is used to investigate nutritional science to understand the compartmentalization of genes that influence the cause of diet-related complications. This review describes the role of underutilized crops as frontline foods to circumvent the health complications through the nutrigenomic studies. Further dynamics of nutrigenomic tools to study the impact of nutrition on the changing pattern of genome stability and gene expression for developing precise safety measures against wide range of health ailments linked to metabolic networks. Additionally, this review provides detailed information on nutrigenomic studies undertaken to unravel the potential of underutilized crops to augment the human health and to carry the agronomic/genomic approaches to enhance nutritional profile of underutilized crops to overcome diet-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185131, India
| | - Muslima Nazir
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Samiullah Naik
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Shazia Mukhtar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India.
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23
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Time-Resolved Gene Expression Analysis Monitors the Regulation of Inflammatory Mediators and Attenuation of Adaptive Immune Response by Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020911. [PMID: 35055093 PMCID: PMC8776203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) belong to the innate and adaptive immune system and are highly sensitive and responsive to changes in their systemic environment. In this study, we focused on the time course of transcriptional changes in freshly isolated human PBMCs 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after onset of stimulation with the active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). Taking all four time points together, 662 target genes were identified and segregated either by time of differential gene expression into 179 primary and 483 secondary targets or by driver of expression change into 293 direct and 369 indirect targets. The latter classification revealed that more than 50% of target genes were primarily driven by the cells' response to ex vivo exposure than by the nuclear hormone and largely explained its down-regulatory effect. Functional analysis indicated vitamin D's role in the suppression of the inflammatory and adaptive immune response by down-regulating ten major histocompatibility complex class II genes, five alarmins of the S100 calcium binding protein A family and by affecting six chemokines of the C-X-C motif ligand family. Taken together, studying time-resolved responses allows to better contextualize the effects of vitamin D on the immune system.
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24
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Xing Y, Cheng T, Zhou F, Ma H. The Association Between Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:269-280. [PMID: 35140487 PMCID: PMC8819170 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s348870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and NAFLD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Overall, 434 patients with T2DM admitted to Hebei General Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected as the study subjects. According to abdominal ultrasound findings, patients were divided into the NAFLD group and the non-NAFLD group. Participants were divided into two study groups according to the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level. 25(OH)D deficiency was defined if 25(OH)D vitamin levels were <20 ng/mL. Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare groups. The relationship between 25(OH)D and NAFLD risk was analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the results. RESULTS The 25(OH)D level in patients with T2DM complicated by NAFLD was significantly lower than in patients with T2DM only. Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among T2DM patients with NAFLD. This study suggested that vitamin D deficiency was an independent factor for developing NAFLD in patients with T2DM. T2DM patients with vitamin D deficiency had 2.045 times higher risk of developing NAFLD than those without vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with high NAFLD preference in T2DM patients with BMI >23kg/m2, but not those with BMI ≤23kg/m2. The significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency and NAFLD was found in participants with BMI >23kg/m2, age ≤65 years, without hypertension, TG <1.7mmol/l, HDL ≥1 mmol/l in men, ≥1.3 mmol/l in women, HBA1C ≤7%, or females. CONCLUSION This study suggests that T2DM people with BMI >23kg/m2 were more susceptible to NAFLD by vitamin D deficiency and that it is necessary to maintain optimal serum vitamin D levels in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Huijuan Ma, Email
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25
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Transcriptome-Wide Profile of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 in Primary Immune Cells from Human Peripheral Blood. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114100. [PMID: 34836354 PMCID: PMC8624141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is an essential micronutrient mediating pleiotropic effects in multiple tissues and cell types via its metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), which activates the transcription factor vitamin D receptor. In this study, we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from five healthy adults and investigated transcriptome-wide, whether the precursor of 1,25(OH)2D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), has gene regulatory potential on its own. Applying thresholds of >2 in fold change of gene expression and <0.05 as a false discovery rate, in this ex vivo approach the maximal physiological concentration of 25(OH)D3 (250 nM (nmol/L)) none of the study participants had a significant effect on their PBMC transcriptome. In contrast, 1000 and 10,000 nM 25(OH)D3 regulated 398 and 477 genes, respectively, which is comparable to the 625 genes responding to 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3. The majority of these genes displayed specificity to the tested individuals, but not to the vitamin D metabolite. Interestingly, the genes MYLIP (myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein) and ABCG1 (ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1) showed to be specific targets of 10,000 nM 25(OH)D3. In conclusion, 100- and 1000-fold higher 25(OH)D3 concentrations than the reference 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 are able to affect the transcriptome of PBMCs with a profile comparable to that of 1,25(OH)2D3.
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26
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Hamouda HA, Mansour SM, Elyamany MF. Vitamin D Combined with Pioglitazone Mitigates Type-2 Diabetes-induced Hepatic Injury Through Targeting Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress. Inflammation 2021; 45:156-171. [PMID: 34468908 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major pathophysiological factor in development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Vitamin D (VITD) plays an imperative role in modulation of several inflammatory responses. The current study aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of coadministration of VITD with pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-γ agonist, in fructose/streptozotocin (F/STZ) T2DM model in male Wistar rats. T2DM was induced by maintaining rats on 10% (w/v) fructose in drinking water for 9 weeks with an intraperitoneal injection of sub-diabetogenic dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) by the end of the fourth week. One week after STZ injection, PIO (10 mg/kg/day) alone or with VITD (500 IU/kg/day) was administered orally to diabetic rats till the end of the experiment. Blood samples were collected, livers were homogenized to determine biochemical parameters, and samples of livers were fixed in 10% formalin in saline for histological examination. Administration of PIO alone improved diabetes-induced inflammatory and oxidative states besides controlling hyperglycemia and decreasing apoptosis. Coadministration of VIT D with PIO promoted additional improvement in glycemic and lipid profiles, provided further control on diabetic-induced hepatic inflammation evident by downregulating TLR2, TLR4, and IKK-β while upregulating IκB-α expression and reducing inflammatory cytokines namely; NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress by hampering caspase-3 and MDA contents, respectively, and improved liver histology than PIO alone. These beneficial effects of VIT D may expand its use by diabetics combined with antidiabetic drugs due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend A Hamouda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Suzan M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F Elyamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Caballero-García A, Córdova-Martínez A, Vicente-Salar N, Roche E, Pérez-Valdecantos D. Vitamin D, Its Role in Recovery after Muscular Damage Following Exercise. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072336. [PMID: 34371846 PMCID: PMC8308579 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from its role in bone metabolism, vitamin D is a key immunomodulatory micronutrient. The active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH)D) seems to modulate the innate immune system through different mechanisms. The vitamin is involved in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, increasing the phagocytic and chemotactic functions of these cells. At the same time, vitamin D enables efferocytosis and prevents immunopathology. In addition, vitamin D is involved in other processes related to immune function, such as inflammation. Regarding muscle tissue, vitamin D plays an active role in muscle inflammatory response, protein synthesis, and regulation of skeletal muscle function. Two mechanisms have been proposed: A direct role of 1,25(OH)D binding to vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in muscle cells and the modulation of calcium transport in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This second mechanism needs additional investigation. In conclusion, vitamin D seems to be effective in cases of deficiency and/or if there is a great muscular commitment, such as in high intensity exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-649-827-663
| | - Alfredo Córdova-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (D.P.-V.)
| | - Néstor Vicente-Salar
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (N.V.-S.); (E.R.)
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (N.V.-S.); (E.R.)
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Valdecantos
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (D.P.-V.)
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Hussain MZ, Mahjabeen I, Khan MS, Mumtaz N, Maqsood SU, Ikram F, Ahmed SN, Kalim QUA, Abbas R, Cheema AA. Genetic and expression deregulation of immunoregulatory genes in rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5171-5180. [PMID: 34196898 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases globally, and is an important public health concern, associating with early death and systemic complications. Although key development in RA treatment has already been made still RA affected individuals face comorbidity and disability. Therefore, there is a need to discover new risk factors in helping early diagnosis and treatment of RA. The present study is designed to assess the variations of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and interleukin -6 (IL-6) in RA patients. Polymorphisms of said genes were calculated in 300 RA patients and 300 controls, using Tetra-ARMS polymerase chain reaction. Secondly, expression levels of selected genes were checked using the quantitative PCR (qPCR) and obtained results were evaluated using a different statistical test. Logistic regression analysis showed that frequency of mutant allele of VDR gene polymorphisms (rs11168268, OR = 4.84; 95% CI = 2.94-7.97; p = 0.0001; rs2248098, OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.07-2.54; p = 0.02) and IL-6 gene polymorphisms (rs184229712, OR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.56-3.92, p = 0.0001; rs36215814, OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.30-3.53; p = 0.002) was observed significantly higher in RA patients vs controls. Expression analysis showed the significant upregulation of IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and downregulation of VDR gene (p < 0.0001) in RA cases vs controls. ROC curve analysis showed that downregulation of IL-6 (AUC = 0.86, p < 0.001) and upregulation of VDR (AUC = 0.77, p < 0.001) was act as the good diagnostic marker for detection/diagnosis of arthritis. In conclusions, data from the present study showed the significant involvement of VDR and IL-6 gene variations in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zhaid Hussain
- Department of Rheumatology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Naila Mumtaz
- Department of Rheumatology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Uzair Maqsood
- Department of Rheumatology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ikram
- Department of Rheumatology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nazir Ahmed
- Department of Rheumatology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Qurrat-Ul-Ain Kalim
- Department of Rheumatology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Abbas
- Department of Rheumatology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Ammar Cheema
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Medical College, and Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
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29
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Razip NNM, Gopalsamy B, Abdul Mutalib MS, Chang SK, Abdullah MMJA, Azlan A, Rejali Z, Khaza’ai H. Correlation between Levels of Vitamins D 3 and E in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Nutrients 2021; 13:2288. [PMID: 34371798 PMCID: PMC8308395 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An overview of vitamins D3 and E suggests micronutrient deficiency contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A case-control study was conducted to determine the status of plasma vitamins D3 and E isomers amongst diabetic Malaysians. Two groups were recruited for participation, one comprising fifty diabetic subjects (DM) and one comprising fifty non-diabetic (non-DM) subjects, in order to assess their plasma vitamin D3, calcium and vitamin E status. Glycaemic status (haemoglobin A1c, HbA1c; fasting blood glucose, FBG; C-Peptide) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, TC; triglycerides, TG; low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C; high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C) were assessed, followed by anthropometric measurements. The Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used to elucidate the association between levels of plasma vitamins D3 and E and T2DM. The vitamin D3 deficiency group (<20 ng/mL) showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with glycaemic status (HbA1c and FBG) and lipid profiles (HDL-C, LDL and TC). Spearman's correlation demonstrated that vitamin D3 status is strongly correlated with HDL levels (p < 0.05). Similarly, plasma total vitamin E levels >4.9 μg/mL revealed significantly different FBG, HbA1c, C-Peptide, LDL, HDL and TC levels across both groups. Moreover, family history, smoking, waist circumference and HbA1c levels demonstrated a significant association (p < 0.05) with levels of vitamins D and E but not FBG and lipid profiles. This could be because the pre-diabetic status among the non-DM group influenced the outcomes of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurliyana Najwa Md Razip
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.N.M.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Banulata Gopalsamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.N.M.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Mohd Sokhini Abdul Mutalib
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.S.A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | | | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.S.A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Zulida Rejali
- Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Huzwah Khaza’ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.N.M.R.); (B.G.)
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30
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Santos BR, Casanova G, Silva TR, Marchesan LB, Oppermann K, Spritzer PM. Are vitamin D deficiency and VDR gene polymorphisms associated with high blood pressure as defined by the ACC/AHA 2017 criteria in postmenopausal women? Maturitas 2021; 149:26-33. [PMID: 34134887 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the vitamin D levels, prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and genotypes of Fok-I, Bsm-I, Apa-I and Taq-I polymorphisms in the VDR gene and to determine whether vitamin D deficiency and VDR gene variants are associated with blood pressure levels and systemic arterial hypertension as defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA criteria. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study of biobanked blood samples from 339 postmenopausal women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood pressure strata were defined according to the 2017 ACC/AHA cutoffs. Circulating 25(OH)D levels were considered deficient if <20 ng/mL. RESULTS Mean serum total 25(OH)D levels were 22.99 ± 8.54 ng/mL, and 40.1% of participants were deficient in vitamin D. Overall, 7.7% had elevated blood pressure, 36.6% had stage 1 and 37.8% had stage 2 hypertension. Mean total (p = 0.014) and free 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.029) were lower in women with stage 2 hypertension than in those with normal blood pressure. A higher prevalence rate of stage 2 hypertension was associated with age (PR 1.058; 95%CI 1.033-1.083; p < 0.001), BMI (PR 1.046; 95%CI 1.025-1.068; p < 0.001), vitamin D deficiency (PR 1.333; 95%CI 1.016-1.749; p = 0.038) and Taq-I polymorphism (PR 1.764; 95%CI 1.030-3.019; p = 0.039). Women with vitamin D deficiency and the AA+AG genotype of Taq-I polymorphism were 33% and 76% more likely to have stage 2 hypertension, respectively, but these associations lost significance when adjusted for age and BMI. CONCLUSION The results suggest that vitamin D deficiency and Taq-I polymorphism are associated with stage 2 hypertension, depending on age and BMI, in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betânia Rodrigues Santos
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Casanova
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thais Rasia Silva
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bandeira Marchesan
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karen Oppermann
- Medical School, Universidade de Passo Fundo and Hospital São Vicente de Paulo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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31
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Warren MF, Livingston KA. Implications of Vitamin D Research in Chickens can Advance Human Nutrition and Perspectives for the Future. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab018. [PMID: 33977215 PMCID: PMC7929256 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of vitamin D insufficiency in humans is a global problem that requires improving ways to increase vitamin D intake. Supplements are a primary means for increasing vitamin D intake, but without a clear consensus on what constitutes vitamin D sufficiency, there is toxicity risk with taking supplements. Chickens have been used in many vitamin-D-related research studies, especially studies involving vitamin D supplementation. Our state-of-the-art review evaluates vitamin D metabolism and how the different hydroxylated forms are synthesized. We provide an overview of how vitamin D is absorbed, transported, excreted, and what tissues in the body store vitamin D metabolites. We also discuss a number of studies involving vitamin D supplementation with broilers and laying hens. Vitamin D deficiency and toxicity are also described and how they can be caused. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is important for vitamin D metabolism; however, there is much more to understand about VDR in chickens. Potential research aims involving vitamin D and chickens should explore VDR mechanisms that could lead to newer insights into VDR. Utilizing chickens in future research to help elucidate vitamin D mechanisms has great potential to advance human nutrition. Finding ways to increase vitamin D intake will be necessary because the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to increased risk of vitamin D deficiency in many populations. Chickens can provide a dual purpose with addressing pandemic-caused vitamin D deficiency: 1) vitamin D supplementation gives chickens added-value with the possibility of leading to vitamin-D-enriched meat and egg products; and 2) using chickens in research provides data for translational research. We believe expanding vitamin-D-related research in chickens to include more nutritional aims in vitamin D status has great implications for developing better strategies to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Warren
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kimberly A Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA
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Guesmi A, Zouaoui M, Haouat E, Oueslati S, Dabboussi M, Kassmi C, Mahjoub R, Kammoun I, Bibi A. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms With the Evolution of MODY Diabetes: Study in Tunisian Patients. Biol Res Nurs 2021; 23:608-618. [PMID: 33827288 DOI: 10.1177/10998004211004770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) cannot be considered as a true vitamin, but rather as a hormone, which exerts its action via a vitamin D receptor (VDR). Many genes have been shown to be involved in the evolution of diabetes in various populations, such as the vitamin D receptor gene. The aim of our study was to investigate if BsmI, TaqI, ApaI, FokI, and Tru9I, polymorphisms of VDR gene have an impact on MODY diabetes and its clinical aspects in a Tunisian population. A total of 95 patients and 153 controls were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. The comparison of the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the five polymorphisms between MODY subjects and control groups revealed the association of MODY diabetes with TaqI, Tru9I and BsmI polymorphisms and no significant differences were observed in the distributions for the ApaI and FokI polymorphisms. After stratification with biochemical and clinical parameters and TaqI, Tru9I and BsmI polymorphisms, we found an association between the three SNPs and different parameters such as age of diagnosis, therapy, hsCRP and HDL-C levels. Our results revealed that TaqI, Tru9I and BsmI polymorphisms may be more related to the progression of MODY diabetes. The possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of MODY is far from being completely understood. Further knowledge on this issue may identify new candidate targets in the treatment and prevention of the disease. Our findings suggest that the TaqI, Tru9I and BsmI polymorphisms may be more related to the progression of MODY diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Guesmi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Manel Zouaoui
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Haouat
- Department of Endocrinology B, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sabrine Oueslati
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Malek Dabboussi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chaima Kassmi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Kammoun
- Department of Endocrinology B, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Bibi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
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33
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A hierarchical regulatory network analysis of the vitamin D induced transcriptome reveals novel regulators and complete VDR dependency in monocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6518. [PMID: 33753848 PMCID: PMC7985518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the high affinity nuclear target of the biologically active form of vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). In order to identify pure genomic transcriptional effects of 1,25(OH)2D3, we used VDR cistrome, transcriptome and open chromatin data, obtained from the human monocytic cell line THP-1, for a novel hierarchical analysis applying three bioinformatics approaches. We predicted 75.6% of all early 1,25(OH)2D3-responding (2.5 or 4 h) and 57.4% of the late differentially expressed genes (24 h) to be primary VDR target genes. VDR knockout led to a complete loss of 1,25(OH)2D3–induced genome-wide gene regulation. Thus, there was no indication of any VDR-independent non-genomic actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 modulating its transcriptional response. Among the predicted primary VDR target genes, 47 were coding for transcription factors and thus may mediate secondary 1,25(OH)2D3 responses. CEBPA and ETS1 ChIP-seq data and RNA-seq following CEBPA knockdown were used to validate the predicted regulation of secondary vitamin D target genes by both transcription factors. In conclusion, a directional network containing 47 partly novel primary VDR target transcription factors describes secondary responses in a highly complex vitamin D signaling cascade. The central transcription factor VDR is indispensable for all transcriptome-wide effects of the nuclear hormone.
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Haussler MR, Livingston S, Sabir ZL, Haussler CA, Jurutka PW. Vitamin D Receptor Mediates a Myriad of Biological Actions Dependent on Its 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Ligand: Distinct Regulatory Themes Revealed by Induction of Klotho and Fibroblast Growth Factor-23. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10432. [PMID: 33553988 PMCID: PMC7839824 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormonal vitamin D metabolite, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], produced in kidney, acts in numerous end organs via the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) to trigger molecular events that orchestrate bone mineral homeostasis. VDR is a ligand‐controlled transcription factor that obligatorily heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor (RXR) to target vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs) in the vicinity of vitamin D‐regulated genes. Circulating 1,25(OH)2D concentrations are governed by PTH, an inducer of renal D‐hormone biosynthesis catalyzed by CYP27B1 that functions as the key player in a calcemic endocrine circuit, and by fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF23), a repressor of the CYP27B1 renal enzyme, creating a hypophosphatemic endocrine loop. 1,25(OH)2D/VDR–RXR acts in kidney to induce Klotho (a phosphaturic coreceptor for FGF23) to correct hyperphosphatemia, NPT2a/c to correct hypophosphatemia, and TRPV5 and CaBP28k to enhance calcium reabsorption. 1,25(OH)2D‐liganded VDR–RXR functions in osteoblasts/osteocytes by augmenting RANK‐ligand expression to paracrine signal osteoclastic bone resorption, while simultaneously inducing FGF23, SPP1, BGLP, LRP5, ANK1, ENPP1, and TNAP, and conversely repressing RUNX2 and PHEX expression, effecting localized control of mineralization to sculpt the skeleton. Herein, we document the history of 1,25(OH)2D/VDR and summarize recent advances in characterizing their physiology, biochemistry, and mechanism of action by highlighting two examples of 1,25(OH)2D/VDR molecular function. The first is VDR‐mediated primary induction of Klotho mRNA by 1,25(OH)2D in kidney via a mechanism initiated by the docking of liganded VDR–RXR on a VDRE at −35 kb in the mouse Klotho gene. In contrast, the secondary induction of FGF23 by 1,25(OH)2D in bone is proposed to involve rapid nongenomic action of 1,25(OH)2D/VDR to acutely activate PI3K, in turn signaling the induction of MZF1, a transcription factor that, in cooperation with c‐ets1‐P, binds to an enhancer element centered at −263 bp in the promoter‐proximal region of the mouse fgf23 gene. Chronically, 1,25(OH)2D‐induced osteopontin apparently potentiates MZF1. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ
| | - Sarah Livingston
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University Glendale AZ
| | - Zhela L Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University Glendale AZ
| | - Carol A Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ.,School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University Glendale AZ
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Zakaria WNA, Mohd Yunus N, Yaacob NM, Omar J, Wan Mohamed WMI, Sirajudeen KNS, Tuan Ismail TS. Association between Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms (BsmI and FokI) and Glycemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1595. [PMID: 33567588 PMCID: PMC7914454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Several studies have suggested that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene plays a role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility. Nonetheless, the association between T2DM and VDR polymorphisms remains inconclusive. We determined the genotype of VDR rs1544410 (BsmI) and rs2228570 (FokI) polymorphisms among Malaysian patients with T2DM and their association with glycemic control factors (vitamin D levels, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate). (2) Methods: A total of 189 participants comprising 126 patients with T2DM (63 with good glycemic control and 63 with poor glycemic control) and 63 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. All biochemical assays were measured using spectrophotometric analysis. VDR gene FokI and BsmI polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and endonuclease digestion. (3) Results: Our findings revealed no significant differences in VDR FokI and BsmI genotypes between participants with T2DM and healthy controls. Moreover, no significant association was observed between both single nucleotide polymorphisms and glycemic control factors. Participants with poor glycemic control had significantly lower serum magnesium levels and significantly higher HOMA-IR compared to the other groups. (4) Conclusions: The present study revealed that VDR gene BsmI and FokI polymorphisms were not significantly associated with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Amalina Zakaria
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia; (W.N.A.Z.); (N.M.Y.)
| | - Nazihah Mohd Yunus
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia; (W.N.A.Z.); (N.M.Y.)
| | - Najib Majdi Yaacob
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Julia Omar
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - K. N. S. Sirajudeen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kuliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
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36
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Zhang JY, Wu P, Chen D, Ning F, Lu Q, Qiu X, Hewison M, Tamblyn JA, Kilby MD, Lash GE. Vitamin D Promotes Trophoblast Cell Induced Separation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Vascular Remodeling via Induction of G-CSF. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:601043. [PMID: 33415106 PMCID: PMC7783206 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.601043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with complications of pregnancy such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and miscarriage, all of which are also associated with incomplete spiral artery (SpA) remodeling. We have previously shown that both uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT) are required for successful SpA remodeling, but whether their activity in this process is modulated by vitamin D is not known. In the current study, we use a previously described chorionic plate artery (CPA) ex vivo model of vascular remodeling to determine the effects of 1,25(OH)2D treated uNK cell, placental explant (PEx), and uNK/PEx conditioned medium (CM) on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) disorganization and phenotypic switching. Significant results were followed up in VSMCs in vitro. We demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D can enhance the ability of PEx to induce SpA remodeling, via a mechanism associated with increased secretion of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). G-CSF appears able to increase VSMC disorganization and phenotypic switching in both an ex vivo vascular model and in vitro VSMC cultures. The clinical relevance of these findings are still to be determined. G-CSF may have differential effects depending on dose and vascular bed, and vitamin D may play a role in potentiating these actions. G-CSF may be an interesting potential therapeutic target for facilitating physiological vascular remodeling for the prevention of adverse obstetric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Yue Zhang
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peihuang Wu
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Ning
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinsheng Lu
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Born in Guangzhou Cohort, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Martin Hewison
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Tamblyn
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Kilby
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Common and personal target genes of the micronutrient vitamin D in primary immune cells from human peripheral blood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21051. [PMID: 33273683 PMCID: PMC7713372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for the function of the immune system. In this study, we treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy adults with the biologically active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) using two different approaches: single repeats with PBMCs obtained from a cohort of 12 individuals and personalized analysis based on triplicates of five study participants. This identified 877 (cohort approach) and 3951 (personalized approach) genes that significantly (p < 0.05) changed their expression 24 h after 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulation. From these, 333 and 1232 were classified as supertargets, a third of which were identified as novel. Individuals differed largely in their vitamin D response not only by the magnitude of expression change but also by their personal selection of (super)target genes. Functional analysis of the target genes suggested the overarching role of vitamin D in the regulation of metabolism, proliferation and differentiation, but in particular in the control of functions mediated by the innate and adaptive immune system, such as responses to infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders. In conclusion, immune cells are an important target of vitamin D and common genes may serve as biomarkers for personal responses to the micronutrient.
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Chen H, Zhang H, Yang J, Huang Z, Xu H, Jin J, Xu K, Tong Y, Dong Q, Zheng J. The relationship between maternal vitamin D deficiency and glycolipid metabolism and adverse pregnancy outcome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:713-720. [PMID: 32713029 PMCID: PMC7754337 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with glucose and lipid metabolism in the mother and offspring. Meanwhile, it can also lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this case-control study was to document maternal, umbilical arterial glucose and lipid metabolic levels and correlations in pregnancies with or without vitamin D deficiency, while also investigating adverse pregnancy outcomes. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS/MEASUREMENTS A total of 425 pregnant women who received antenatal care and delivered at Wenzhou People's Hospital were enrolled. According to their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, the pregnant women were divided into the vitamin D deficiency group [25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, 185 participants] and the control group [25(OH)D ≥ 20 ng/mL, 240 participants]. Maternal blood samples were collected at 24-28 weeks of gestation and delivery for 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and measurements of glucose and lipid metabolite levels and 25(OH)D levels. Umbilical arterial samples were collected during delivery (33.57-41.43 gestational weeks). RESULTS Compared with control participants, vitamin D deficiency women had significantly higher concentrations of fasting blood-glucose (P < .01), 1-h OGTT plasma glucose (P < .01), 2-h OGTT plasma glucose (P < .01), insulin (P < .01), HOMA-IR (P < .01), LDL (P < .01) and triglycerides (P = .02) and lower concentrations of HOMA-S (P < .01). Compared with the control group, vitamin D deficiency women had higher concentrations of triglycerides (P < .01) and lower concentrations of HDL-C (P < .01) and HOMA-β (P = .01) in infant umbilical arterial blood. Pearson's correlation analysis demonstrated that the maternal 25(OH)D level was negatively correlated with maternal plasma glucose, insulin, LDL-C, cholesterol, triglyceride and HOMA-IR (r = -.38, -.27, -.2, -.11, -.11, -.33 and .11; P < .01, <.01, <.01, <.05, <.05 and <.01, respectively), while there was a positive correlation between maternal serum 25(OH)D and HOMA-S (r = .11, P < .05). The triglyceride level in the umbilical artery was negatively correlated with maternal serum 25(OH)D concentration (r = -.286, P < .01), while the HDL-C and HOMA-β in umbilical artery were positively related (r = .154, .103, P < .01). Compared with the control group, the incidences of pre-eclampsia [4.8% (9/185) vs 1.25% (3/240), P = .03], gestational diabetes mellitus [19.45% (36/185) vs 12.08% (29/240), P = .04] and premature rupture of membranes [15.68% (29/185) vs 5.42% (13/240), P < .01] were higher in the vitamin D deficiency group. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with maternal glucose and lipid metabolism and pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, it is worth recommending to maintain vitamin D status at an optimal level in pregnant women to prevent metabolic disorders and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Hong‐Ping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Qiong Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Hai‐Xia Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Jiang Jin
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Qian‐Qian Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Jian‐Qiong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalWenzhouChina
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Jacobs ET, Foote JA, Kohler LN, Skiba MB, Thomson CA. Re-examination of dairy as a single commodity in US dietary guidance. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:225-234. [PMID: 31904838 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy products have been a key component of dietary guidance in the United States for more than 100 years. In light of major advances in the understanding of dietary intake and metabolism, the aim of this review was to examine whether dairy should remain a single commodity in federal guidance. Considerations include recognizing that a substantial proportion of the world's adult population (65%-70%) exhibits lactase nonpersistence, a reduced ability to metabolize lactose to glucose and galactose. Shifts in the US population, including a greater proportion of African Americans and Asians, are of key importance because several studies have shown a markedly higher prevalence of lactase nonpersistence and, consequently, a lower dairy intake among these groups. While cow's milk alternatives are available, families who use them will pay up to an additional $1400 per year compared with those who are able to consume dairy products. Dietary guidance also contains downstream effects for government assistance, such as the US Department of Agriculture's National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program. For reasons like these, Canada has recently removed dairy as a separate food group in national dietary guidance. The results of the present review suggest that consideration of this modification when developing population-level guidelines in the United States is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Jacobs
- E.T. Jacobs, J.A. Foote, L.N. Kohler, M.B. Skiba, and C.A. Thomson are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,E.T. Jacobs and C.A. Thomson are with the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,E.T. Jacobs and C.A. Thomson are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Janet A Foote
- E.T. Jacobs, J.A. Foote, L.N. Kohler, M.B. Skiba, and C.A. Thomson are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,J.A. Foote is with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona-Phoenix Campus, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Lindsay N Kohler
- E.T. Jacobs, J.A. Foote, L.N. Kohler, M.B. Skiba, and C.A. Thomson are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Meghan B Skiba
- E.T. Jacobs, J.A. Foote, L.N. Kohler, M.B. Skiba, and C.A. Thomson are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- E.T. Jacobs, J.A. Foote, L.N. Kohler, M.B. Skiba, and C.A. Thomson are with the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,E.T. Jacobs and C.A. Thomson are with the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,E.T. Jacobs and C.A. Thomson are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Andrukhov O, Blufstein A, Behm C, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X. Vitamin D3 and Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES 2020; 10:4527. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a hormone involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and immune response. Almost all dental tissues contain resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are largely similar to bone marrow-derived MSCs. In this narrative review, we summarized the current findings concerning the physiological effects of vitamin D3 on dental MSCs. The existing literature suggests that dental MSCs possess the ability to convert vitamin D3 into 25(OH)D3 and subsequently to the biologically active 1,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin D3 metabolites 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulate osteogenic differentiation and diminish the inflammatory response of dental MSCs. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 influences the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in different dental tissues. Thus, dental MSCs are both producers and targets of 1,25(OH)2D3 and might regulate the local vitamin D3-dependent processes in an autocrine/paracrine manner. The local vitamin D3 metabolism is assumed to play an essential role in the local physiological processes, but the mechanisms of its regulation in dental MSCs are mostly unknown. The alteration of the local vitamin D3 metabolism may unravel novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of periodontitis as well as new strategies for dental tissue regeneration.
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Akimbekov NS, Digel I, Sherelkhan DK, Lutfor AB, Razzaque MS. Vitamin D and the Host-Gut Microbiome: A Brief Overview. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2020; 53:33-42. [PMID: 32624628 PMCID: PMC7322162 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.20011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence for the effects of vitamin D on intestinal host-microbiome interactions related to gut dysbiosis and bowel inflammation. This brief review highlights the potential links between vitamin D and gut health, emphasizing the role of vitamin D in microbiological and immunological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar using combinations of keywords "vitamin D," "intestines," "gut microflora," "bowel inflammation". Only articles published in English and related to the study topic are included in the review. We discuss how vitamin D (a) modulates intestinal microbiome function, (b) controls antimicrobial peptide expression, and (c) has a protective effect on epithelial barriers in the gut mucosa. Vitamin D and its nuclear receptor (VDR) regulate intestinal barrier integrity, and control innate and adaptive immunity in the gut. Metabolites from the gut microbiota may also regulate expression of VDR, while vitamin D may influence the gut microbiota and exert anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects. The underlying mechanism of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of bowel diseases is not fully understood, but maintaining an optimal vitamin D status appears to be beneficial for gut health. Future studies will shed light on the molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D and VDR interactions affect intestinal mucosal immunity, pathogen invasion, symbiont colonization, and antimicrobial peptide expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuraly S. Akimbekov
- Department of Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ilya Digel
- Institute for Bioengineering FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dinara K. Sherelkhan
- Department of Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Mohammed S. Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
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Vitamin D and Indices of Bone and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Subjected to a 12-Week Aerobic Training Program-The Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031074. [PMID: 32046257 PMCID: PMC7037101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Nordic walking training on the indices of bone and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to 25(OH)D levels in postmenopausal women that were subjected to the outdoor systematic physical activity. The study was performed in 10 postmenopausal women, who participated in a 12-week Nordic walking exercise program, taking place during spring months (March to June). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the training program. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroksycholekalciferol (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), insulin, glucose, osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and calcium were determined. After the Nordic walking exercise program, a significant increase in the serum levels of 25(OH)D and CTX and a decrease in body mass, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and PTH concentrations were observed. The findings of the present study suggest that 25(OH)D, as important metabolic regulator, plays a role in the modification of bone markers’ responses after the outdoor training program, independent of the physical activity effects.
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Filipović N, Bočina I, Restović I, Grobe M, Kretzschmar G, Kević N, Mašek T, Vitlov Uljević M, Jurić M, Vukojević K, Saraga-Babić M, Vuica A. Ultrastructural characterization of vitamin D receptors and metabolizing enzymes in the lipid droplets of the fatty liver in rat. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151502. [PMID: 31932064 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with numerous actions in the organism. There are strong evidences that relate vitamin D deficiency with liver lipid metabolism disturbances, but the mechanism of this action is still unknown. In our previous work we postulated the localization and accumulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in membrane of the lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes. In this study, we applied the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm this hypothesis by using a long-term (6 months) high sucrose intake rat model that was previously found to be appropriate for research of the hepatic lipid accumulation. In addition to the VDR, we also found key vitamin D metabolizing enzymes, 1α-hydroxylase and CYP 24 associated with the membrane of the LDs. A light-microscopy data revealed significant increase in expression of VDR and CYP 24 in liver of high-sucrose treated rats, in comparison to controlones. According to the best of our knowledge, this is a first study confirming the presence of the VDR in the membrane of the LDs in general and also in particular in LDs of the hepatocytes that were accumulated as a consequence of the prolonged high sucrose intake. Moreover, we found association of main vitamin D metabolizing enzymes with LD membrane. These results provide a new insight in the possible relation of vitamin D signalling system with LD morphology and function and with the lipid metabolism in general.
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Sadykov M, Azizan A, Kozhamkulov U, Akilzhanova A, Yerezhepov D, Salfinger M, Chan CK. Association of genetic variations in the vitamin D pathway with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Kazakhstan. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1659-1666. [PMID: 31933264 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) poses an important health challenge and a significant economic burden for Kazakhstan and in Central Asia. Recent findings show a number of immunological related processes and host Mycobacterium tuberculosis defense are impacted by a variety of genes of the human host including those that play a part in the vitamin D metabolism. We investigated the genetic variation of genes in the vitamin D metabolic pathway of a cohort 50 TB cases in Kazakhstan and compared them to 34 controls living in the same household with someone infected with TB. We specifically analyzed 11 SNPs belonging to the following genes: DHCR7, CYP2R1, GC-1, CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, VDR and TNFα. These genes play a number of different roles including synthesis, activation, delivery and binding of the activated vitamin D. Our preliminary results indicate significant association of VDR (vitamin D receptor) SNPs (rs1544410, BsmI, with OR = 0.425, CI 0.221-0.816, p = 0.009 and rs731236, TaqI with OR = 0.443, CI 0.228-0.859, p = 0.015) and CYP24A1 (rs6013897 with OR = 0.436, CI 0.191-0.996, p = 0.045) with TB. Interaction of genetic variation of VDR and CYP24A1 may impact susceptibility to TB. The findings provided initial clues to understand individual genetic differences in relation to susceptibility and protection to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Sadykov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Azliyati Azizan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Ulan Kozhamkulov
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
| | - Ainur Akilzhanova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Dauren Yerezhepov
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Max Salfinger
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Chee Kai Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
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Menopause-Associated Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Foods Beneficial for Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010202. [PMID: 31941004 PMCID: PMC7019719 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is clinically diagnosed as a condition when a woman has not menstruated for one year. During the menopausal transition period, there is an emergence of various lipid metabolic disorders due to hormonal changes, such as decreased levels of estrogens and increased levels of circulating androgens; these may lead to the development of metabolic syndromes including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism affects the body fat mass, fat-free mass, fatty acid metabolism, and various aspects of energy metabolism, such as basal metabolic ratio, adiposity, and obesity. Moreover, menopause is also associated with alterations in the levels of various lipids circulating in the blood, such as lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triacylglycerol (TG). Alterations in lipid metabolism and excessive adipose tissue play a key role in the synthesis of excess fatty acids, adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, which cause lipid peroxidation and result in the development of insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, and dyslipidemia. This review discusses dietary recommendations and beneficial compounds, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, phytochemicals—and their food sources—to aid the management of abnormal lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women.
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Malaguarnera L. Vitamin D and microbiota: Two sides of the same coin in the immunomodulatory aspects. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106112. [PMID: 31877495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is crucial for host immune response, vitamin synthesis, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, intestinal permeability, nutrient digestion energy metabolism and protection from pathogens. Therefore, gut microbiota guarantees the host's predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases. Intestinal microbiota may be damaged by environmental components with negative health conditions. Dysbiosis consisting in alteration in the gut microbiota has been involved in several disorders including inflammation, allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, heart diseases, obesity, and metabolic syndrome and even in the state of malignant carcinogenesis existing in humans. Several epidemiological studies have shown that inadequate solar exposure results in vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency which has a strong impact on different immune responses and the occurrence of a wide range of pathological conditions. Additionally, new evidence indicates that the vitamin D pathway plays a key role in gut homeostasis. Due to the strong connection between vitamin D and microbiota, herein we focus on the new findings about intestinal bacteria-immune crosstalk and the impact of vitamin D in gut microbiota regulation, in order to offer new clarifications on their interaction. Understanding the mechanism by which vitamin D can affect the gut microbiota composition and its dynamic activities, as well as the innate and adaptive state of the immune system, is not only a fundamental research but also an opportunity to improve health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97, Catania, Italy.
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Avcioglu G, Özbek Ipteç B, Akcan G, Görgün B, Fidan K, Carhan A, Yilmaz G, Kozaci LD. Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D 3 on TNF-α induced inflammation in human chondrocytes and SW1353 cells: a possible role for toll-like receptors. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:131-142. [PMID: 31734843 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate anti-inflammatory and chondro-protective effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in human chondrocytes and SW1353 cells via investigating expressions of MMPs, TIMPs, VDR, and intracellular signalling pathway mediators such as TLR-2 and -4. The HC and SW1353 cells were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 at 10, 100, and 1000 nM concentrations in the absence/presence of TNF-α (20 ng/mL) for 48 h. The mRNA expressions of MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -13, TIMP-1 and -2, VDR, TLR-2 and -4 in HC and SW1353 cells were detected by qPCR after treatments. The cytotoxicity and cell proliferation analyses were assessed by LDH and WST-1 assay, respectively. Protein levels of MMPs, TIMPs, and VDR were analysed by immunocytochemistry and ELISA methods. TNF-α markedly increased cytotoxicity for 24, 48, 72 h (p < 0.05) and vitamin D treatment was shown to diminish the cytotoxic effect of TNF-α. Cell proliferations increased by Vitamin D in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA expressions of MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -13, TLR-2 and -4 genes decreased with 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment (p < 0.05). VDR, TIMP-1 and -2 levels elevated after TNF-α exposure compared with the control group in HC cells (p < 0.05). Protein expression levels were determined using Western blotting, ELISA and immunocytochemistry. 1,25(OH)2D3 via binding to VDR, reversed the effects of TNF-α by inhibiting TLR-2 and 4. Decreased levels of VDR, TIMP-1 and -2 after TNF-α treatment were elevated by 1,25(OH)2D3 proportional with increasing 1,25(OH)2D3 doses. 1,25(OH)2D3 and TNF-α co-treatment decreased MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -13 levels were after TNF-α exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Avcioglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Betül Özbek Ipteç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülben Akcan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Büsra Görgün
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Fidan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Carhan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulsen Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Didem Kozaci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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Mahmoud AM, Szczurek M, Hassan C, Masrur M, Gangemi A, Phillips SA. Vitamin D Improves Nitric Oxide-Dependent Vasodilation in Adipose Tissue Arterioles from Bariatric Surgery Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2521. [PMID: 31635396 PMCID: PMC6835261 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of vitamin-D deficiency in obese individuals that could be attributed to vitamin-D sequestration in the adipose tissue. Associations between vitamin-D deficiency and unfavorable cardiometabolic outcomes were reported. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms behind these associations are yet to be established. In our previous studies, we demonstrated microvascular dysfunction in obese adults that was associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) production. Herein, we examined the role of vitamin D in mitigating microvascular function in morbidly obese adults before and after weight loss surgery. We obtained subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies from bariatric patients at the time of surgery (n = 15) and gluteal SAT samples three months post-surgery (n = 8). Flow-induced dilation (FID) and acetylcholine-induced dilation (AChID) and NO production were measured in the AT-isolated arterioles ± NO synthase inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibitor, polyethylene glycol-modified catalase (PEG-CAT), or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D improved FID, AChID, and NO production in AT-isolated arterioles at time of surgery; these effects were abolished by L-NAME but not by PEG-CAT. Vitamin-D-mediated improvements were of a higher magnitude in VAT compared to SAT arterioles. After surgery, significant improvements in FID, AChID, NO production, and NO sensitivity were observed. Vitamin-D-induced changes were of a lower magnitude compared to those from the time of surgery. In conclusion, vitamin D improved NO-dependent arteriolar vasodilation in obese adults; this effect was more significant before surgery-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Mahmoud
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Mary Szczurek
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Chandra Hassan
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Mario Masrur
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Antonio Gangemi
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Dadrass A, Mohamadzadeh Salamat K, Hamidi K, Azizbeigi K. Anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D and resistance training in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:323-331. [PMID: 31890657 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D and resistance training in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. Design This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial.Trial registration code: IRCT20190204042621N1. Participants Forty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-65 (from a total of 52 volunteers in Ardabil diabetes clinic) were randomly assigned to either the vitamin D supplementation with resistance training group (VD + RT: n = 12), the resistance training group (RT: n = 12), the vitamin D supplementation group (VD: n = 12), or the control group (CON: n = 12). Intervention The subjects in VD group took vitamin D supplements at 50000 IU per 2 weeks for 3 months; the subjects in RT group exercised 3 times per week for 12 weeks; and the subjects in VD + RT group participated in both treatments. Subjects in CON group were asked to maintain normal daily life pattern for the duration of the study. Measurements Serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined at pre and post-test and the data were compared among the four groups and between two tests (4 × 2) using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Results IL-6 decreased significantly (P = 0.001) in all groups (VD + RT = % -71.73, RT = % -65.85, VD = % -61.70). TNF-α decreased significantly (P = 0.001) in VD + RT (% -44.90) and RT (% -40) groups. CRP showed no significant change in any group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Results demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation in addition to resistance training had positive effects on some inflammatory markers in T2D and vitamin D deficient men. Vitamin D supplementation was especially effective when it was complemented with exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dadrass
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pasdaran st, Sanandaj, 6616947443 Iran
| | - Khalid Mohamadzadeh Salamat
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pasdaran st, Sanandaj, 6616947443 Iran
| | | | - Kamal Azizbeigi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pasdaran st, Sanandaj, 6616947443 Iran
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Dzik KP, Kaczor JJ. Mechanisms of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function: oxidative stress, energy metabolism and anabolic state. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:825-839. [PMID: 30830277 PMCID: PMC6422984 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review provides a current perspective on the mechanism of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function with the emphasis on oxidative stress, muscle anabolic state and muscle energy metabolism. It focuses on several aspects related to cellular and molecular physiology such as VDR as the trigger point of vitamin D action, oxidative stress as a consequence of vitamin D deficiency. METHOD The interaction between vitamin D deficiency and mitochondrial function as well as skeletal muscle atrophy signalling pathways have been studied and clarified in the last years. To the best of our knowledge, we summarize key knowledge and knowledge gaps regarding the mechanism(s) of action of vitamin D in skeletal muscle. RESULT Vitamin D deficiency is associated with oxidative stress in skeletal muscle that influences the mitochondrial function and affects the development of skeletal muscle atrophy. Namely, vitamin D deficiency decreases oxygen consumption rate and induces disruption of mitochondrial function. These deleterious consequences on muscle may be associated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) action. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the development of muscle atrophy. The possible signalling pathway triggering the expression of Atrogin-1 involves Src-ERK1/2-Akt- FOXO causing protein degradation. CONCLUSION Based on the current knowledge we propose that vitamin D deficiency results from the loss of VDR function and it could be partly responsible for the development of neurodegenerative diseases in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Patrycja Dzik
- Department of Neurobiology of Muscle, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Neurobiology of Muscle, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland.
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