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DiVito D, Wellik A, Burfield J, Peterson J, Flickinger J, Tindall A, Albanowski K, Vishnubhatt S, MacMullen L, Martin I, Muraresku C, McCormick E, George-Sankoh I, McCormack S, Goldstein A, Ganetzky R, Yudkoff M, Xiao R, Falk MJ, R Mascarenhas M, Zolkipli-Cunningham Z. Optimized Nutrition in Mitochondrial Disease Correlates to Improved Muscle Fatigue, Strength, and Quality of Life. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1723-1745. [PMID: 37723406 PMCID: PMC10684455 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to prospectively characterize the nutritional status of adults ≥ 19 years (n = 22, 27% males) and children (n = 38, 61% male) with genetically-confirmed primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) to guide development of precision nutritional support strategies to be tested in future clinical trials. We excluded subjects who were exclusively tube-fed. Daily caloric requirements were estimated using World Health Organization (WHO) equations to predict resting energy expenditure (REE) multiplied by an activity factor (AF) based on individual activity levels. We developed a Mitochondrial Disease Activity Factors (MOTIVATOR) score to encompass the impact of muscle fatigue typical of PMD on physical activity levels. PMD cohort daily diet intake was estimated to be 1,143 ± 104.1 kcal in adults (mean ± SEM, 76.2% of WHO-MOTIVATOR predicted requirement), and 1,114 ± 62.3 kcal in children (86.4% predicted). A total of 11/22 (50%) adults and 18/38 (47.4%) children with PMD consumed ≤ 75% predicted daily Kcal needs. Malnutrition was identified in 16/60 (26.7%) PMD subjects. Increased protein and fat intake correlated with improved muscle strength in those with insufficient daily Kcal intake (≤ 75% predicted); higher protein and fat intake correlated with decreased muscle fatigue; and higher protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake correlated with improved quality of life (QoL). These data demonstrate the frequent occurrence of malnutrition in PMD and emphasize the critical need to devise nutritional interventions to optimize clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna DiVito
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Wellik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Burfield
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean Flickinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa Tindall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Albanowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shailee Vishnubhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura MacMullen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isaac Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colleen Muraresku
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth McCormick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ibrahim George-Sankoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shana McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Ganetzky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc Yudkoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marni J Falk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria R Mascarenhas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Ródenas-González F, Blanco-Gandía MC, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Cognitive profile of male mice exposed to a Ketogenic Diet. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113883. [PMID: 35716801 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nutritional interventions for different psychiatric diseases have gained increasing attention, such as the ketogenic diet (KD). This has led to positive effects in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, addiction, autism or epilepsy. The neurobiological mechanisms through which these effects are induced and the effects in cognition still warrant investigation, and considering that other high-fat diets (HFD) can lead to cognitive disturbances that may affect the results achieved, the main aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of a KD to determine whether it can induce such cognitive effects. A total of 30 OF1 male mice were employed to establish the behavioral profile of mice fed a KD by testing anxiety behavior (Elevated Plus Maze), locomotor activity (Open Field), learning (Hebb Williams Maze), and memory (Passive Avoidance Test). The results revealed that the KD did not affect locomotor activity, memory or hippocampal-dependent learning, as similar results were obtained with mice on a standard diet, albeit with increased anxiety behavior. We conclude that a KD is a promising nutritional approach to apply in research studies, given that it does not cause cognitive alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ródenas-González
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, Valencia, 46010 Spain
| | - M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, Valencia, 46010 Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, Valencia, 46010 Spain.
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3
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Li Y, Wang Q, Li J, Shi B, Liu Y, Wang P. SIRT3 affects mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming via the AMPK-PGC-1α axis in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 2021; 81:1135-1148. [PMID: 34411320 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has been reported to share an association with mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. However, the molecular mechanism underlying is not well understood, especially in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to research whether SIRT3 can affect the progression of BPH via the regulation of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. METHODS Following the development of a rat model of BPH using testosterone propionate (TP), we extracted prostate tissues from sham-operated and BPH rats. Subsequently, bioinformatics prediction was used to screen the genes differentially expressed in BPH. To verify the role played by SIRT3 in BPH, we injected AAV9-SIRT3 into rats, followed by TP treatment. Prostate epithelial cells (PEC) were treated with TP to assess the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression of enzymes related to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway after SIRT3 expression alteration. Finally, we examined the expression of AMPK-PGC-1α pathway in tissues and cells. RESULTS SIRT3 was reduced in the prostate tissues of BPH rats. After overexpression of SIRT3, mitochondrial morphology was more stable in prostate tissues of BPH rats and in TP-treated PEC, with significant increases in mitochondrial membrane potential and in the expression of oxidative phosphorylation-related enzymes in the cytoplasm. Moreover, SIRT3 significantly activated the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway, which maintained the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as mitochondrial structure, thus alleviating the symptoms of BPH. CONCLUSION SIRT3 maintained the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as mitochondrial structure by activating the AMPK-PGC-1α pathway, thereby alleviating the symptoms of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Li
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Urology, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yili Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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4
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Zambrano E, Nathanielsz PW, Rodríguez-González GL. Developmental programming and ageing of male reproductive function. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13637. [PMID: 34107063 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Developmental programming predisposes offspring to metabolic, behavioural and reproductive dysfunction in adult life. Evidence is accumulating that ageing phenotype and longevity are in part developmentally programmed in each individual. Unfortunately, there are few studies addressing the effects of developmental programming by maternal nutrition on the rate of ageing of the male reproductive system. This review will discuss effects of foetal exposure to maternal environmental challenges on male offspring fertility and normal ageing of the male reproductive system. We focus on several key factors involved in reproductive ageing such as decreased hormone production, DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress, telomere shortening, epigenetics, maternal lifestyle and nutrition. There is compelling evidence that ageing of the male reproductive system is developmentally programmed. Both maternal over- or undernutrition accelerate ageing of male offspring reproductive function through similar mechanisms such as decreased serum testosterone levels, increase in oxidative stress biomarkers in both the testes and sperm and changes in sperm quality. Importantly, even in adult life, exercise in male offspring of obese mothers improves adverse effects of programming on reproductive function. Maternal consumption of a low-protein diet causes transgenerational effects in progeny via the paternal line. The seminal fluid has effects on the intrauterine environment. Programming by male factors may involve more than just the sperm. Improving knowledge on developmental programming ageing interactions will improve not only male health and life span but also the health of future generations by reducing programming via the paternal line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
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Zweers H, van Wegberg AMJ, Janssen MCH, Wortmann SB. Ketogenic diet for mitochondrial disease: a systematic review on efficacy and safety. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:295. [PMID: 34217336 PMCID: PMC8254320 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No curative therapy for mitochondrial disease (MD) exists, prioritizing supportive treatment for symptom relief. In animal and cell models ketones decrease oxidative stress, increase antioxidants and scavenge free radicals, putting ketogenic diets (KDs) on the list of management options for MD. Furthermore, KDs are well-known, safe and effective treatments for epilepsy, a frequent symptom of MD. This systematic review evaluates efficacy and safety of KD for MD. Methods We searched Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase and Cinahl (November 2020) with search terms linked to MD and KD. From the identified records, we excluded studies on Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex deficiency. From these eligible reports, cases without a genetically confirmed diagnosis and cases without sufficient data on KD and clinical course were excluded. The remaining studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Results Only 20 cases (14 pediatric) from the 694 papers identified met the inclusion criteria (one controlled trial (n = 5), 15 case reports). KD led to seizure control in 7 out of 8 cases and improved muscular symptoms in 3 of 10 individuals. In 4 of 20 cases KD reversed the clinical phenotype (e.g. cardiomyopathy, movement disorder). In 5 adults with mitochondrial DNA deletion(s) related myopathy rhabdomyolysis led to cessation of KD. Three individuals with POLG mutations died while being on KD, however, their survival was not different compared to individuals with POLG mutations without KD. Conclusion Data on efficacy and safety of KD for MD is too scarce for general recommendations. KD should be considered in individuals with MD and therapy refractory epilepsy, while KD is contraindicated in mitochondrial DNA deletion(s) related myopathy. When considering KD for MD the high rate of adverse effects should be taken into account, but also spectacular improvements in individual cases. KD is a highly individual management option in this fragile patient group and requires an experienced team. To increase knowledge on this—individually—promising management option more (prospective) studies using adequate outcome measures are crucial. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01927-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Zweers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Dietetics, Radboudumc, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemiek M J van Wegberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Dietetics, Radboudumc, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirian C H Janssen
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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6
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Blanco-Gandía MDC, Ródenas-González F, Pascual M, Reguilón MD, Guerri C, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Ketogenic Diet Decreases Alcohol Intake in Adult Male Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072167. [PMID: 34202492 PMCID: PMC8308435 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The classic ketogenic diet is a diet high in fat, low in carbohydrates, and well-adjusted proteins. The reduction in glucose levels induces changes in the body’s metabolism, since the main energy source happens to be ketone bodies. Recent studies have suggested that nutritional interventions may modulate drug addiction. The present work aimed to study the potential effects of a classic ketogenic diet in modulating alcohol consumption and its rewarding effects. Two groups of adult male mice were employed in this study, one exposed to a standard diet (SD, n = 15) and the other to a ketogenic diet (KD, n = 16). When a ketotic state was stable for 7 days, animals were exposed to the oral self-administration paradigm to evaluate the reinforcing and motivating effects of ethanol. Rt-PCR analyses were performed evaluating dopamine, adenosine, CB1, and Oprm gene expression. Our results showed that animals in a ketotic state displayed an overall decrease in ethanol consumption without changes in their motivation to drink. Gene expression analyses point to several alterations in the dopamine, adenosine, and cannabinoid systems. Our results suggest that nutritional interventions may be a useful complementary tool in treating alcohol-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Ródenas-González
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (F.R.-G.); (M.P.); (M.D.R.); (J.M.)
| | - María Pascual
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (F.R.-G.); (M.P.); (M.D.R.); (J.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Daiana Reguilón
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (F.R.-G.); (M.P.); (M.D.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José Miñarro
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (F.R.-G.); (M.P.); (M.D.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (F.R.-G.); (M.P.); (M.D.R.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963864637
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7
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Novais AK, Deschêne K, Martel-Kennes Y, Roy C, Laforest JP, Lessard M, Matte JJ, Lapointe J. Weaning differentially affects mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in normal and low birth weight piglets. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247188. [PMID: 33606751 PMCID: PMC7894895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Weaning is associated with increased occurrence of infections and diseases in piglets. Recent findings indicate that weaning induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress conditions that more severely impact smaller piglets. The objective of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying these physiological consequences and the relation with systemic inflammatory status in both normal and low birth weight (NBW and LBW) piglets throughout the peri-weaning period. To conduct the study, 30 sows were inseminated, and specific piglets from their litters were assigned to one of two experimental groups: NBW (n = 60, 1.73 ± 0.01 kg,) and LBW piglets weighing less than 1.2 kg (n = 60, 1.01 ± 0.01 kg). Then, 10 piglets from each group were selected at 14, 21 (weaning), 23, 25, 29 and 35 days of age to collect organ and plasma samples. Specific porcine RT2 Profiler™ PCR Arrays related to mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis processes were first used to target genes that are modulated after weaning in NBW piglets (d 23 and d 35 vs. d 14). Expression of selected genes was evaluated by quantitative PCR. These analyses revealed that expression of inflammatory genes CXCL10 and CCL19 increased after weaning in intestinal mucosa, while expression of genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain was downregulated in liver and kidney of both groups. Interestingly, major modulators of mitophagy (BNIP3), cell survival (BCL2A1) and antioxidant defense system (TXNRD2, GPx3, HMOX1) were found to be highly expressed in NBW piglets. The systemic levels of TNF-α and IL1-β significantly increased following weaning and were higher in NBW piglets. These results provide novel information about the molecular origin of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress observed in weaned piglets and suggest that clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria, antioxidant defenses and inflammatory response are compromised in LBW piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliny K. Novais
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karine Deschêne
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yan Martel-Kennes
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Roy
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Laforest
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Lessard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - J. Jacques Matte
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jerome Lapointe
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Barra R, Morgan C, Sáez-Briones P, Reyes-Parada M, Burgos H, Morales B, Hernández A. Facts and hypotheses about the programming of neuroplastic deficits by prenatal malnutrition. Nutr Rev 2020; 77:65-80. [PMID: 30445479 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in rats have shown that a decrease in either protein content or total dietary calories results in molecular, structural, and functional changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, among other brain regions, which lead to behavioral disturbances, including learning and memory deficits. The neurobiological bases underlying those effects depend at least in part on fetal programming of the developing brain, which in turn relies on epigenetic regulation of specific genes via stable and heritable modifications of chromatin. Prenatal malnutrition also leads to epigenetic programming of obesity, and obesity on its own can lead to poor cognitive performance in humans and experimental animals, complicating understanding of the factors involved in the fetal programming of neuroplasticity deficits. This review focuses on the role of epigenetic mechanisms involved in prenatal malnutrition-induced brain disturbances, which are apparent at a later postnatal age, through either a direct effect of fetal programming on brain plasticity or an indirect effect on the brain mediated by the postnatal development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Barra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Morgan
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Sáez-Briones
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Reyes-Parada
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Héctor Burgos
- Núcleo Disciplinar Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Innovation on Information Technologies for Social Applications (CITIAPS), University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Hernández
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Yang S, Huo Y, Wang H, Ji J, Chen W, Huang Y. The spatio-temporal features of chicken mitochondrial ND2 gene heteroplasmy and the effects of nutrition factors on this gene. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2972. [PMID: 32075998 PMCID: PMC7031424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial heterogeneity is the presence of two or more types of mitochondrial (mt)DNA in the same individual/tissue/cell. It is closely related to animal health and disease. ND2 is a protein-coding gene in mtDNA, which participates in mitochondrial respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. In previous studies, we observed that the mt.A5703T and mt.T5727G sites in the ND2 gene were the heteroplasmic variation sites. We used pyrophosphate sequencing technology to examine chicken mt.A5703T and mt.T5727G heteroplasmic sites in the ND2 gene, in different tissues and at different development stages in chickens. We also investigated whether nutritional factors could affect the mt.A5703T and mt.T5727G heteroplasmy. Our results showed that chicken mt.A5703T and mt.T5727G heteroplasmy had clear spatio-temporal specificities, which varied between tissues/development stages. The mtDNA heterogeneity was relatively stable upon nutrition intervention, 30% dietary energy restriction (from 18 to 48 days old) and different types of dietary fats (at 5% concentration, from 1 to 42 days old) did not change the breast muscle heteroplasmy of broilers at the mt.A5703T and mt.T5727G sites. In addition, multiple potential heteroplasmic sites were detected by clone sequencing in the ND2 region, which potentially reflected abundant heteroplasmy in the chicken mitochondrial genome. These results provide an important reference for further research on heteroplasmy in chicken mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliang Yang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Huo
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Huanjie Wang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Jiefei Ji
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yanqun Huang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China.
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10
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Russell BS, Hosek RS, Hoiriis KT, Drake ED. Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia and Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction: Balance, Gait, and Eye Movement Before and After Multimodal Chiropractic Care: A Case Study. J Chiropr Med 2019; 18:144-154. [PMID: 31367202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this report is to describe care of a patient with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and bilateral vestibular hypofunction. Clinical Features A 66-year-old patient presented with limited eye movement and mild ptosis, which led to a diagnosis of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Rotary chair testing suggested vestibular involvement. Other symptoms included dizziness, problems with balance, and chronic stiffness in his cervical and thoracic regions. He had anxiety about loss of function and limited exercise habits because of fear of falling. Examination methods included balance assessment, kinetic aspects of walking, and videonystagmography. Intervention and Outcome He had already begun regular practice of vestibular rehabilitation exercises before receiving 18 sessions of manual and instrument-assisted chiropractic manipulation, along with mobilization, stretching, and transverse massage, over 37 weeks. In addition to self-reported improvements, there was substantially decreased postural sway during balance assessment and there were small improvements in eye movement, ptosis, and walking. Conclusion This patient showed improvements in balance, eye movements, and walking while undergoing multimodal chiropractic care and practicing eye and balance exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent S Russell
- Dr. Sid E. Williams Center for Chiropractic Research, Life University, Marietta, Georgia
| | - Ronald S Hosek
- Dr. Sid E. Williams Center for Chiropractic Research, Life University, Marietta, Georgia
| | - Kathryn T Hoiriis
- Dr. Sid E. Williams Center for Chiropractic Research, Life University, Marietta, Georgia
| | - Emily D Drake
- Dr. Sid E. Williams Center for Chiropractic Research, Life University, Marietta, Georgia
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11
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Xu X, Zhu XP, Bai JY, Xia P, Li Y, Lu Y, Li XY, Gao X. Berberine alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet in mice by activating SIRT3. FASEB J 2019; 33:7289-7300. [PMID: 30848932 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802316r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) shows promising effects in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by influencing various metabolic aspects. Inhibition of mitochondrial β-oxidation (β-OX) participates in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (SIRT3) has been reported to regulate mitochondrial β-OX by deacetylating its substrate, long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCAD). This study aimed to explore whether BBR can promote mitochondrial β-OX and the role of SIRT3 as well as the mechanisms underlying the effects of BBR on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). BBR can significantly improve systematic and hepatic lipid metabolism in HFD-fed mice. Metabolomics analysis revealed that β-OX was inhibited in HFD-induced mice, as indicated by the reduced production of short and medium carbon chain acyl-carnitines, the activated form of free fatty acids, via β-OX, which was reversed by BBR intervention. Exploration of the mechanism found that BBR intervention reversed the down-regulation of SIRT3 and decreased the LCAD hyperacetylation level in HFD-fed mice. SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice were used to identify the role of SIRT3 in the BBR's influence of β-OX. The beneficial effects of BBR on systemic and hepatic metabolism were profoundly attenuated in KO mice. Moreover, the promotive effect of BBR on β-OX in HFD-induced mice was partially abolished in KO mice. These results suggested that BBR alleviates HFD-induced inhibition of fatty acid β-OX partly through SIRT3-mediated LCAD deacetylation, which may provide a novel mechanism and support BBR as a promising therapeutic for NAFLD.-Xu, X., Zhu, X.-P., Bai, J.-Y., Xia, P., Li, Y., Lu, Y., Li, X.-Y., Gao, X. Berberine alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet in mice by activating SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Yun Bai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Xiao-Ying Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China; and
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12
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Dong Y, Digman MA, Brewer GJ. Age- and AD-related redox state of NADH in subcellular compartments by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. GeroScience 2019; 41:51-67. [PMID: 30729413 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form: NADH) serves as a vital redox-energy currency for reduction-oxidation homeostasis and fulfilling energetic demands. While NADH exists as free and bound forms, only free NADH is utilized for complex I to power oxidative phosphorylation, especially important in neurons. Here, we studied how much free NADH remains available for energy production in mitochondria of old living neurons. We hypothesize that free NADH in neurons from old mice is lower than the levels in young mice and even lower in neurons from the 3xTg-AD Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. To assess free NADH, we used lifetime imaging of NADH autofluorescence with 2-photon excitation to be able to resolve the pool of NADH in mitochondria, cytoplasm, and nuclei. Primary neurons from old mice were characterized by a lower free/bound NADH ratio than young neurons from both non-transgenic (NTg) and more so in 3xTg-AD mice. Mitochondrial compartments maintained 26 to 41% more reducing NADH redox state than cytoplasm for each age, genotype, and sex. Aging diminished the mitochondrial free NADH concentration in NTg neurons by 43% and in 3xTg-AD by 50%. The lower free NADH with age suggests a decline in capacity to regenerate free NADH for energetic supply to power oxidative phosphorylation which further worsens in AD. Applying this non-invasive approach, we showed the most explicit measures yet of bioenergetic deficits in free NADH with aging at the subcellular level in live neurons from in-bred mice and an AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J Brewer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. .,MIND Institute, Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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13
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Navarro-Hortal MD, Varela-López A, Romero-Márquez JM, Piquer-Martinez C, Bullón P, Forbes-Hernández TY, Quiles JL. Twenty-four Months Feeding on Unsaturated Dietary Fats (Virgin Olive, Sunflower, or Fish Oil) Differentially Modulate Gingival Mitochondria in the Rat. EFOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.190802.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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14
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Zweers H, Janssen MCH, Leij S, Wanten G. Patients With Mitochondrial Disease Have an Inadequate Nutritional Intake. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2017; 42:581-586. [PMID: 28347206 DOI: 10.1177/0148607117699792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial disease (MD) is a group of disorders caused by dysfunctional mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell. Malnutrition in patients with MD may lead to increased mitochondrial dysfunction, which may enhance already existing symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with MD have an insufficient or unbalanced food intake and to establish which nutrients and product groups are particularly compromised in this patient group. METHODS In this observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study, sixty 3-day nutrition diaries of adult patients with MD were analyzed and compared with the Dutch recommended daily allowance and the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (DNFCS). RESULTS The intake of all macronutrients and micronutrients of patients with MD was significantly different from Dutch recommended daily allowance values with the exception of fat and iron. In particular, protein and calcium intake in patients with MD was significantly lower when compared with the DNFCS. Interindividual differences were high. Also, intake of fiber, sugars, saturated fat, and vitamin D differed from recommendations for the overall population. In comparison with DNFCS, the intake of dairy products and drinks was significant lower in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that many patients with MD have an inadequate diet. Specifically, intake of protein, calcium, dairy products, and fluids were low. Overall, eating a healthy diet seems as difficult for patients with MD as for the general population. Since interindividual differences are high, individual diet counseling is recommended for all adult patients with MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Zweers
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirian C H Janssen
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Leij
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Wanten
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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CEDIKOVA M, PITULE P, KRIPNEROVA M, MARKOVA M, KUNCOVA J. Multiple Roles of Mitochondria in Aging Processes. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S519-S531. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic factors, nutrition, and lifestyle. According to mitochondrial theory of aging, mitochondrial dysfunction is widely considered a major contributor to age-related processes. Mitochondria are both the main source and targets of detrimental reactions initiated in association with age-dependent deterioration of the cellular functions. Reactions leading to increased reactive oxygen species generation, mtDNA mutations, and oxidation of mitochondrial proteins result in subsequent induction of apoptotic events, impaired oxidative phosphorylation capacity, mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and autophagy. This review summarizes the major changes of mitochondria related to aging, with emphasis on mitochondrial DNA mutations, the role of the reactive oxygen species, and structural and functional changes of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. KUNCOVA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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16
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Roy C, Lavoie M, Richard G, Archambault A, Lapointe J. Evidence that oxidative stress is higher in replacement gilts than in multiparous sows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:911-9. [PMID: 27079824 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recent success obtained in term of increasing the litter size of sows has not correlated with a reduction of replacement rate. There is thus an increased economic demand for gilts with optimal reproductive potential and longevity. Unfortunately, replacement gilts are known to be more susceptible to diseases and less productive than multiparous sows. Interestingly, reproductive performance, resistance to diseases and longevity could all be largely affected by oxidative stress. To investigate whether oxidative stress conditions could account for the poor longevity of gilts, three distinct groups of conventional Yorkshire × Landrace sows were formed based on their similar age and parity (gilts, second parity sows as well as fourth to fifth parity sows). All animals were slaughtered during the post-ovulatory period, and blood as well as tissue samples were collected. Biomarkers of oxidative damage to proteins (carbonyls) and DNA (8-OHdG) were analysed in samples. Specific mRNA expression of major antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidases 1, 3 and 4 (GPx1, GPx3, GPx4) as well as superoxide dismutases 1 and 2 (Sod1, Sod2) were monitored in liver and kidney samples by quantitative RT-PCR. Specific enzymatic activities of both GPx and SOD were measured by spectrophotometric assays. The plasma concentration of protein carbonyls was significantly different between the three groups with the highest concentration being observed in gilts (p ≤ 0.001). The mRNA expression levels of GPx1 and GPx4 were also significantly increased in the liver of gilts when compared to multiparous sows (p ≤ 0.05). SOD2 enzymatic activity was found to be higher in the liver of gilts than multiparous sows (p ≤ 0.05). Taken together, these results indicate that replacement gilts sustain significantly higher oxidative conditions than multiparous sows. Current findings may contribute to the design of nutritional regimens that will increase the productivity of gilts by counteracting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roy
- Dairy and Swine R & D Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - M Lavoie
- Dairy and Swine R & D Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - G Richard
- Dairy and Swine R & D Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - A Archambault
- Dairy and Swine R & D Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - J Lapointe
- Dairy and Swine R & D Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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17
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Béghin L, Coopman S, Schiff M, Vamecq J, Mention-Mulliez K, Hankard R, Cuisset JM, Ogier H, Gottrand F, Dobbelaere D. Doubling diet fat on sugar ratio in children with mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders: Effects of a randomized trial on resting energy expenditure, diet induced thermogenesis and body composition. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1414-1422. [PMID: 27173380 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders (MODs) affect one or several complexes of respiratory chain oxidative phosphorylation. An increased fat/low-carbohydrate ratio of the diet was recommended for treating MODs without, however, evaluating its potential benefits through changes in the respective contributions of cell pathways (glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation) initiating energy production. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to compare Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) under basal diet (BD) and challenging diet (CD) in which fat on sugar content ratio was doubled. Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and body compositions were also compared. Energetic vs regulatory aspects of increasing fat contribution to total nutritional energy input were essentially addressed through measures primarily aiming at modifying total fat amounts and not the types of fats in designed diets. METHODS In this randomized cross-over study, BD contained 10% proteins/30% lipids/60% carbohydrates (fat on sugar ratio = 0.5) and was the imposed diet at baseline. CD contained 10% proteins/45% lipids/45% carbohydrates (fat on sugar ratio = 1). Main and second evaluation criteria measured by indirect calorimetry (QUARK RMR®, Cosmed, Pavona; Italy) were REE and DIT, respectively. Thirty four MOD patients were included; 22 (mean age 13.2 ± 4.7 years, 50% female; BMI 16.9 ± 4.2 kg/m2) were evaluated for REE, and 12 (mean age 13.8 ± 4.8 years, 60% female; BMI 17.4 ± 4.6 kg/m2) also for DIT. OXPHOS complex deficiency repartition in 22 analysed patients was 55% for complex I, 9% for complex III, 27% for complex IV and 9% for other proteins. RESULTS Neither carry-over nor period effects were detected (p = 0.878; ANOVA for repeated measures). REE was similar between BD vs CD (1148.8 ± 301.7 vs 1156.1 ± 278.8 kcal/day; p = 0.942) as well as DIT (peak DIT 260 vs 265 kcal/day; p = 0.842) and body composition (21.9 ± 13.0 vs 21.6 ± 13.3% of fat mass; p = 0.810). CONCLUSION Doubling diet fat on sugar ratio does not appear to improve, per se, energetic status and body composition of patients with MODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Béghin
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC-1403-Inserm-CH&U, Lille University Hospital, F-59000 Lille, France; LIRIC- Lille Inflammation Research International Center/UMR U995 Inserm, Lille, France.
| | - Stéphanie Coopman
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC-1403-Inserm-CH&U, Lille University Hospital, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille and RADEME EA 7364, Lille Nord of France University, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Karine Mention-Mulliez
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases in Child and Adulthood, Lille University Children's Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, and RADEME EA 7364, Lille University, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Régis Hankard
- Inserm U 1069, F Rabelais University, Tours, F-37000, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Cuisset
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Lille University Hospital, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Ogier
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC-1403-Inserm-CH&U, Lille University Hospital, F-59000 Lille, France; LIRIC- Lille Inflammation Research International Center/UMR U995 Inserm, Lille, France.
| | - Dries Dobbelaere
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases in Child and Adulthood, Lille University Children's Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, and RADEME EA 7364, Lille University, F-59000 Lille, France.
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18
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Tischner C, Wenz T. Keep the fire burning: Current avenues in the quest of treating mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrion 2015; 24:32-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Frye RE, Rose S, Slattery J, MacFabe DF. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: the role of the mitochondria and the enteric microbiome. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2015; 26:27458. [PMID: 25956238 PMCID: PMC4425813 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v26.27458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects a significant number of individuals worldwide with the prevalence continuing to grow. It is becoming clear that a large subgroup of individuals with ASD demonstrate abnormalities in mitochondrial function as well as gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Interestingly, GI disturbances are common in individuals with mitochondrial disorders and have been reported to be highly prevalent in individuals with co-occurring ASD and mitochondrial disease. The majority of individuals with ASD and mitochondrial disorders do not manifest a primary genetic mutation, raising the possibility that their mitochondrial disorder is acquired or, at least, results from a combination of genetic susceptibility interacting with a wide range of environmental triggers. Mitochondria are very sensitive to both endogenous and exogenous environmental stressors such as toxicants, iatrogenic medications, immune activation, and metabolic disturbances. Many of these same environmental stressors have been associated with ASD, suggesting that the mitochondria could be the biological link between environmental stressors and neurometabolic abnormalities associated with ASD. This paper reviews the possible links between GI abnormalities, mitochondria, and ASD. First, we review the link between GI symptoms and abnormalities in mitochondrial function. Second, we review the evidence supporting the notion that environmental stressors linked to ASD can also adversely affect both mitochondria and GI function. Third, we review the evidence that enteric bacteria that are overrepresented in children with ASD, particularly Clostridia spp., produce short-chain fatty acid metabolites that are potentially toxic to the mitochondria. We provide an example of this gut–brain connection by highlighting the propionic acid rodent model of ASD and the clinical evidence that supports this animal model. Lastly, we discuss the potential therapeutic approaches that could be helpful for GI symptoms in ASD and mitochondrial disorders. To this end, this review aims to help better understand the underlying pathophysiology associated with ASD that may be related to concurrent mitochondrial and GI dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Frye
- Autism Research Program, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA;
| | - Shannon Rose
- Autism Research Program, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - John Slattery
- Autism Research Program, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Derrick F MacFabe
- Kilee Patchell-Evans Autism Research Group, Division of Developmental Disabilities, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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20
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Kumar S, Lombard DB. Mitochondrial sirtuins and their relationships with metabolic disease and cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1060-77. [PMID: 25545135 PMCID: PMC4389911 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is critical for cellular and organismal health. Proper regulation of mitochondrial functions represents a crucial element of overall metabolic homeostasis. Mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) play pivotal roles in promoting this homeostasis by regulating numerous aspects of mitochondrial metabolism in response to environmental stressors. RECENT ADVANCES New work has illuminated multiple links between mitochondrial sirtuins and cancer. SIRT5 has been shown to regulate the recently described post-translational modifications succinyl-lysine, malonyl-lysine, and glutaryl-lysine. An understanding of these modifications is still in its infancy. Enumeration of SIRT3 and SIRT5 targets via advanced proteomic techniques promises to dramatically enhance insight into functions of these proteins. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we highlight the roles of mitochondrial sirtuins and their targets in cellular and organismal metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, we discuss emerging roles for mitochondrial sirtuins in suppressing and/or promoting tumorigenesis, depending on the cellular and molecular context. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Currently, hundreds of potential SIRT3 and SIRT5 molecular targets have been identified in proteomic experiments. Future studies will need to validate the major targets of these enzymes, and elucidate how acetylation and/or acylation modulate their functionality. A great deal of interest exists in targeting sirtuins pharmacologically; this endeavor will require development of sirtuin-specific modulators (activators and inhibitors) as potential treatments for cancer and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Kumar
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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21
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Abstract
An alteration of energy balance is the immediate cause of the so-called cachexia. Although alterations of energy intake are often associated with cachexia, it has lately became clear that an increased energy expenditure is the main cause of wasting associated with different types of pathological conditions, such as cancer, infections or chronic heart failure among others. Different types of molecular mechanisms contribute to energy expenditure and, therefore, involuntary body weight loss; among them, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) consumption by sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pumps could represent a key mechanism. In other cases, an increase in energy inefficiency will further contribute to energy imbalance.
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22
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Plow MA, Moore S, Husni E, Kirwan JP. A systematic review of behavioural techniques used in nutrition and weight loss interventions among adults with mobility-impairing neurological and musculoskeletal conditions. Obes Rev 2014; 15:945-56. [PMID: 25266576 PMCID: PMC4321818 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a common comorbidity in adults with mobility-impairing neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, such as stroke and arthritis. The interaction between mobility impairments and environmental factors often compromises motivation and ability to engage in healthy behaviours. Such difficulties to engage in healthy behaviours can result in energy imbalance, weight gain and a cycle of functional declines; i.e. obesity can exacerbate mobility impairments and symptoms and increase the likelihood of other comorbid conditions, all of which make it more difficult to engage in healthy behaviours. To help disrupt this cycle, there is a need to identify strategies to optimize energy balance. Thus, this review summarizes clinical trials of nutrition and weight loss interventions in adults with mobility-impairing conditions. Although adults with osteoarthritis were represented in large rigorous clinical trials, adults with neurological conditions were typically represented in studies characterized by a small number of participants, a short-term follow-up and high attrition rates. Studies varied greatly in outcome measures, description and implementation of the interventions, and the strategies used to promote behaviour change. Nutrition and weight loss research in adults with mobility-impairing conditions is still in its formative stages, and there is a substantial need to conduct randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Plow
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing Case Western Reserve University
| | - Shirley Moore
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing Case Western Reserve University
| | - Elaine Husni
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute
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Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a broad-spectrum therapy for medically intractable epilepsy and is receiving growing attention as a potential treatment for neurological disorders arising in part from bioenergetic dysregulation. The high-fat/low-carbohydrate "classic KD", as well as dietary variations such as the medium-chain triglyceride diet, the modified Atkins diet, the low-glycemic index treatment, and caloric restriction, enhance cellular metabolic and mitochondrial function. Hence, the broad neuroprotective properties of such therapies may stem from improved cellular metabolism. Data from clinical and preclinical studies indicate that these diets restrict glycolysis and increase fatty acid oxidation, actions which result in ketosis, replenishment of the TCA cycle (i.e., anaplerosis), restoration of neurotransmitter and ion channel function, and enhanced mitochondrial respiration. Further, there is mounting evidence that the KD and its variants can impact key signaling pathways that evolved to sense the energetic state of the cell, and that help maintain cellular homeostasis. These pathways, which include PPARs, AMP-activated kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and the sirtuins, have all been recently implicated in the neuroprotective effects of the KD. Further research in this area may lead to future therapeutic strategies aimed at mimicking the pleiotropic neuroprotective effects of the KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Gano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Jong M Rho
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Impaired mitochondrial function and reduced viability in bone marrow cells of obese mice. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:185-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lapointe J. Mitochondria as promising targets for nutritional interventions aiming to improve performance and longevity of sows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 98:809-21. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lapointe
- Dairy and Swine R & D Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Sherbrooke QC Canada
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26
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Mercer JR. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Goldstein A, Wolfe LA. The elusive magic pill: finding effective therapies for mitochondrial disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:320-8. [PMID: 23355364 PMCID: PMC3625379 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-012-0175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of mitochondrial diseases has been estimated at 11.5/100,000 (1:8500) worldwide. In the USA up to 4000 newborns annually are expected to develop a mitochondrial disease. More than 50 million adults in the USA also suffer from diseases in which primary or secondary mitochondrial dysfunction is involved. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified in cancer, infertility, diabetes, heart diseases, blindness, deafness, kidney disease, liver disease, stroke, migraine, dwarfism, and resulting from numerous medication toxicities. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also involved in normal aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. Yet most treatments available are based on empiric data and clinician experience because of the lack of randomized controlled clinical trials to provide evidence-based treatments for these disorders. Here we explore the current state of research for the treatment of mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Goldstein
- />Division of Child Neurology, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Lynne A. Wolfe
- />Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center DR, MSC 1205, RM# 3-2551, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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He W, Newman JC, Wang MZ, Ho L, Verdin E. Mitochondrial sirtuins: regulators of protein acylation and metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:467-76. [PMID: 22902903 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases and have been implicated in the regulation of metabolism, stress responses, and aging. Three sirtuins are located in mitochondria: SIRT3, 4, and 5. SIRT3 deacetylates and regulates the enzymatic activity of many metabolic enzymes in mitochondria, whereas SIRT5 removes two novel post-translational modifications, lysine malonylation and succinylation. Here, we review the current knowledge of how mitochondrial sirtuins function in metabolism and metabolic diseases, and offer a conceptual model how they may regulate mitochondrial function through distinct deacylation activities (deacetylation, demalonylation, or desuccinylation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan He
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Schiff M, Bénit P, Jacobs HT, Vockley J, Rustin P. Therapies in inborn errors of oxidative metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:488-95. [PMID: 22633959 PMCID: PMC4135311 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases encompass a wide range of presentations and mechanisms, dictating a need to consider both broad-based and disease-specific therapies. The manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction and the response to therapy vary between individuals. This probably reflects the genetic complexity of mitochondrial biology, which requires an excess of 2000 genes for proper function, with numerous interfering epigenetic and environmental factors. Accordingly, we are increasingly aware of the complexity of these diseases which involve far more than merely decreased ATP supply. Indeed, recent therapeutic progress has addressed only specific disease entities. In this review present and prospective therapeutic approaches will be discussed on the basis of targets and mechanism of action, but with a broad outlook on their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schiff
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 676, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France
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Abdelwahab MG, Fenton KE, Preul MC, Rho JM, Lynch A, Stafford P, Scheck AC. The ketogenic diet is an effective adjuvant to radiation therapy for the treatment of malignant glioma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36197. [PMID: 22563484 PMCID: PMC3341352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that alters metabolism by increasing the level of ketone bodies in the blood. KetoCal® (KC) is a nutritionally complete, commercially available 4∶1 (fat∶ carbohydrate+protein) ketogenic formula that is an effective non-pharmacologic treatment for the management of refractory pediatric epilepsy. Diet-induced ketosis causes changes to brain homeostasis that have potential for the treatment of other neurological diseases such as malignant gliomas. Methods We used an intracranial bioluminescent mouse model of malignant glioma. Following implantation animals were maintained on standard diet (SD) or KC. The mice received 2×4 Gy of whole brain radiation and tumor growth was followed by in vivo imaging. Results Animals fed KC had elevated levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (p = 0.0173) and an increased median survival of approximately 5 days relative to animals maintained on SD. KC plus radiation treatment were more than additive, and in 9 of 11 irradiated animals maintained on KC the bioluminescent signal from the tumor cells diminished below the level of detection (p<0.0001). Animals were switched to SD 101 days after implantation and no signs of tumor recurrence were seen for over 200 days. Conclusions KC significantly enhances the anti-tumor effect of radiation. This suggests that cellular metabolic alterations induced through KC may be useful as an adjuvant to the current standard of care for the treatment of human malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed G. Abdelwahab
- Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Neurological Institute® of St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kathryn E. Fenton
- Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Neurological Institute® of St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mark C. Preul
- Neurosurgery Research, Barrow Neurological Institute® of St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jong M. Rho
- Pediatric Epilepsy Research, Barrow Neurological Institute® of St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Andrew Lynch
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Stafford
- AZ Biodesign, Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University School of Life Sciences, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Adrienne C. Scheck
- Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Neurological Institute® of St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Neurosurgery Research, Barrow Neurological Institute® of St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Stafstrom CE, Rho JM. The ketogenic diet as a treatment paradigm for diverse neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:59. [PMID: 22509165 PMCID: PMC3321471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary and metabolic therapies have been attempted in a wide variety of neurological diseases, including epilepsy, headache, neurotrauma, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, sleep disorders, brain cancer, autism, pain, and multiple sclerosis. The impetus for using various diets to treat - or at least ameliorate symptoms of - these disorders stems from both a lack of effectiveness of pharmacological therapies, and also the intrinsic appeal of implementing a more "natural" treatment. The enormous spectrum of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the aforementioned diseases would suggest a degree of complexity that cannot be impacted universally by any single dietary treatment. Yet, it is conceivable that alterations in certain dietary constituents could affect the course and impact the outcome of these brain disorders. Further, it is possible that a final common neurometabolic pathway might be influenced by a variety of dietary interventions. The most notable example of a dietary treatment with proven efficacy against a neurological condition is the high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) used in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. While the mechanisms through which the KD works remain unclear, there is now compelling evidence that its efficacy is likely related to the normalization of aberrant energy metabolism. The concept that many neurological conditions are linked pathophysiologically to energy dysregulation could well provide a common research and experimental therapeutics platform, from which the course of several neurological diseases could be favorably influenced by dietary means. Here we provide an overview of studies using the KD in a wide panoply of neurologic disorders in which neuroprotection is an essential component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl E Stafstrom
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Mitochondria are often regarded as the powerhouse of the cell by generating the ultimate energy transfer molecule, ATP, which is required for a multitude of cellular processes. However, the role of mitochondria goes beyond their capacity to create molecular fuel, to include the generation of reactive oxygen species, the regulation of calcium, and activation of cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is part of both normal and premature ageing, but can contribute to inflammation, cell senescence, and apoptosis. Cardiovascular disease, and in particular atherosclerosis, is characterized by DNA damage, inflammation, cell senescence, and apoptosis. Increasing evidence indicates that mitochondrial damage and dysfunction also occur in atherosclerosis and may contribute to the multiple pathological processes underlying the disease. This review summarizes the normal role of mitochondria, the causes and consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction, and the evidence for mitochondrial damage and dysfunction in vascular disease. Finally, we highlight areas of mitochondrial biology that may have therapeutic targets in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Breuer ME, Willems PHGM, Russel FGM, Koopman WJH, Smeitink JAM. Modeling mitochondrial dysfunctions in the brain: from mice to men. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:193-210. [PMID: 21755361 PMCID: PMC3278625 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The biologist Lewis Thomas once wrote: "my mitochondria comprise a very large proportion of me. I cannot do the calculation, but I suppose there is almost as much of them in sheer dry bulk as there is the rest of me". As humans, or indeed as any mammal, bird, or insect, we contain a specific molecular makeup that is driven by vast numbers of these miniscule powerhouses residing in most of our cells (mature red blood cells notwithstanding), quietly replicating, living independent lives and containing their own DNA. Everything we do, from running a marathon to breathing, is driven by these small batteries, and yet there is evidence that these molecular energy sources were originally bacteria, possibly parasitic, incorporated into our cells through symbiosis. Dysfunctions in these organelles can lead to debilitating, and sometimes fatal, diseases of almost all the bodies' major organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a wide variety of human disorders either as a primary cause or as a secondary consequence. To better understand the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in human disease, a multitude of pharmacologically induced and genetically manipulated animal models have been developed showing to a greater or lesser extent the clinical symptoms observed in patients with known and unknown causes of the disease. This review will focus on diseases of the brain and spinal cord in which mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven or is suspected and on animal models that are currently used to study the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Breuer
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Chiba T, Tsuchiya T, Mori R, Shimokawa I. Protein reporter bioassay systems for the phenotypic screening of candidate drugs: a mouse platform for anti-aging drug screening. SENSORS 2012; 12:1648-56. [PMID: 22438730 PMCID: PMC3304132 DOI: 10.3390/s120201648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent drug discovery efforts have utilized high throughput screening (HTS) of large chemical libraries to identify compounds that modify the activity of discrete molecular targets. The molecular target approach to drug screening is widely used in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, because of the amount of knowledge now available regarding protein structure that has been obtained by computer simulation. The molecular target approach requires that the structure of target molecules, and an understanding of their physiological functions, is known. This approach to drug discovery may, however, limit the identification of novel drugs. As an alternative, the phenotypic- or pathway-screening approach to drug discovery is gaining popularity, particularly in the academic sector. This approach not only provides the opportunity to identify promising drug candidates, but also enables novel information regarding biological pathways to be unveiled. Reporter assays are a powerful tool for the phenotypic screening of compound libraries. Of the various reporter genes that can be used in such assays, those encoding secreted proteins enable the screening of hit molecules in both living cells and animals. Cell- and animal-based screens enable simultaneous evaluation of drug metabolism or toxicity with biological activity. Therefore, drug candidates identified in these screens may have increased biological efficacy and a lower risk of side effects in humans. In this article, we review the reporter bioassay systems available for phenotypic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Chiba
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; E-Mails: (R.M.); (I.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-7050; Fax: +81-95-819-7052
| | - Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Ryoichi Mori
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; E-Mails: (R.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Isao Shimokawa
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; E-Mails: (R.M.); (I.S.)
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Schiff M, Bénit P, El-Khoury R, Schlemmer D, Benoist JF, Rustin P. Mouse studies to shape clinical trials for mitochondrial diseases: high fat diet in Harlequin mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28823. [PMID: 22174907 PMCID: PMC3236768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic options in human mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) diseases have been poorly evaluated mostly because of the scarcity of cohorts and the inter-individual variability of disease progression. Thus, while a high fat diet (HFD) is often recommended, data regarding efficacy are limited. Our objectives were 1) to determine our ability to evaluate therapeutic options in the Harlequin OXPHOS complex I (CI)-deficient mice, in the context of a mitochondrial disease with human hallmarks and 2) to assess the effects of a HFD. Methods and Findings Before launching long and expensive animal studies, we showed that palmitate afforded long-term death-protection in 3 CI-mutant human fibroblasts cell lines. We next demonstrated that using the Harlequin mouse, it was possible to draw solid conclusions on the efficacy of a 5-month-HFD on neurodegenerative symptoms. Moreover, we could identify a group of highly responsive animals, echoing the high variability of the disease progression in Harlequin mice. Conclusions These results suggest that a reduced number of patients with identical genetic disease should be sufficient to reach firm conclusions as far as the potential existence of responders and non responders is recognized. They also positively prefigure HFD-trials in OXPHOS-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schiff
- INSERM, U676, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, IFR02, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Centre de Référence Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Paris, France
| | - Paule Bénit
- INSERM, U676, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, IFR02, Paris, France
| | - Riyad El-Khoury
- INSERM, U676, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, IFR02, Paris, France
| | - Dimitri Schlemmer
- APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Centre de Référence Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Benoist
- INSERM, U676, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Centre de Référence Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rustin
- INSERM, U676, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, IFR02, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is reaching epidemic proportions, particularly in developing countries. In this review, we explore the concept-based on the developmental-origin-of-health-and-disease hypothesis-that reprogramming during critical times of fetal life can lead to metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Specifically, we summarize the epidemiological evidence linking prenatal stress, manifested by low birth weight, to metabolic syndrome and its individual components. We also review animal studies that suggest potential mechanisms for the long-term effects of fetal reprogramming, including the cellular response to stress and both organ- and hormone-specific alterations induced by stress. Although metabolic syndrome in adulthood is undoubtedly caused by multiple factors, including modifiable behavior, fetal life may provide a critical window in which individuals are predisposed to metabolic syndrome later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rinaudo
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.
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Saada A. The use of individual patient's fibroblasts in the search for personalized treatment of nuclear encoded OXPHOS diseases. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:39-47. [PMID: 21835663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases, are a prevalent but diverse group of inherited disorders affecting the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Vast amount of information with respect to pathomechanism and the assembly of the various OXPHOS complexes has been accumulated by studying the different variants of these diseases. Conversely, the investigation of therapeutic strategies has been hampered by this extreme variability. Individual patient's fibroblast may therefore provide a suitable platform in the search for personalized treatments, of nuclear encoded defects, when the phenotype is expressed in multiple tissues. Examples and different approaches in the search for treatment options, while using fibroblasts from patients with nuclear encoded OXPHOS defects as model systems, are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Saada
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases and the Monique and Jacques Roboh, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 1200, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
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A twin study of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms shows that heteroplasmy at multiple sites is associated with mtDNA variant 16093 but not with zygosity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22332. [PMID: 21857921 PMCID: PMC3153933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial theory of ageing proposes that damage to mitochondria and diminished mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) repair are major contributors to cellular dysfunction and age-related diseases. We investigate the prevalence of heteroplasmy in the mtDNA control region in buccal swab and blood derived samples for 178 women from the TwinsUK cohort (41 DZ pair 39 MZ pairs, 18 singletons, mean age 57.5 range 28–82) and its relationship to age, BMI and fasting insulin and glucose serum levels. The overall estimated prevalence of heteroplasmy for both tissues in the control region measured for 37 sites was 17%. The prevalence of heteroplasmy was higher among the older half of the study subjects than in the younger half (23% vs 10% p<0.03), primarily reflecting the increase in the prevalence of a heteroplasmic dinucleotide CA repeat in variable region II (VRII) with age. The VRII 523–524 heteroplasmic site (heteroplasmic in 25 subjects) was also associated with a decrease in BMI. In addition, concordance rates for common heteroplasmy were observed to be near complete for both dizygotic (DZ = 94%) and monozygotic twin pairs (MZ = 100%), consistent with previous reports that suggest variation in heteroplasmy rates between generations are determined by bottlenecks in maternal transmission of mitochondria. Differences in the prevalence of heteroplasmy were observed overall between samples derived from buccal swabs (19%) and blood (15%, p<0.04). These were particularly marked at position 16093 of hypervariable region I (HVI, 7% vs 0%, respectively, p<4×10−11). The presence of the C allele at position 16093 in blood was associated with the presence of heteroplasmy in buccal swabs at this position (p = 3.5×10−14) and also at VRII (p = 2×10−4) suggesting a possible predisposing role for this site in the accumulation of heteroplasmy. Our data indicate that BMI is potentially associated with control region heteroplasmy.
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