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Martínez-Caro J, Agulla B, Viñeta C, Roura X, Mesalles M, Pastor J. Presumed pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly and basophilia secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:202-208. [PMID: 38622430 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A 10-year-old neutered male Maltese dog was presented for an investigation of lymphocytosis. The dog was up-to-date on vaccinations and deworming. Physical examination did not reveal any significant abnormalities. A complete blood cell count (CBC) showed mild leukocytosis with moderate lymphocytosis, basophilia, and moderate neutropenia, but no significant left shift or toxic change. Serum biochemistry and urinalysis were unremarkable. All performed tests for infectious agents common in this geographical region were negative. No significant abnormalities were found on abdominal ultrasound examination. Multiparametric flow cytometry of peripheral blood showed a CD8+ T-cell lymphocytosis, and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement revealed a clonal expansion of the T-cell receptor gamma chain genes. A clinical diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was made, and follow-up was recommended. On Day 48 post-presentation, the CBC showed mild non-regenerative anemia (NRA), moderate leucocytosis due to moderate to marked lymphocytosis, basophilia, and a marked increase in hyposegmented neutrophils with mild toxic change in the absence of neutrophilia or neutropenia. Treatment with chlorambucil and prednisolone was initiated. On Days 87 and 197 post-presentation, the CBC showed mild NRA, with progressively decreasing numbers of hyposegmented neutrophils. The dog remained without clinical signs. Basophilia and probable pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly were possibly secondary to CLL. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of these two hematologic conditions secondary to CLL in dogs. Recognition of a pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly is clinically relevant to avoid misinterpretation as a marked left shift due to severe inflammation and prevent unnecessary urgent therapeutic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Caro
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Agulla
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Clàudia Viñeta
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montse Mesalles
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Pastor
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Chenal T, Guerlin M, Jurrus M, Tanté R, Granat F, Trumel C. What is your diagnosis? Additional cluster on the white blood cell differential scattergram using the Sysmex XN-V hematology analyzer in the blood of a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53 Suppl 2:122-124. [PMID: 37612248 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Chenal
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Maud Guerlin
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Maxime Jurrus
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Rachel Tanté
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Granat
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, ENVT, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Held E, Mochizuki H. Hematologic Abnormalities and Diseases Associated with Moderate-to-Marked Basophilia in a Large Cohort of Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:700. [PMID: 38133251 PMCID: PMC10748300 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophilia is a rare hematologic finding in dogs. This research aimed to describe the hematologic and clinical characteristics of dogs with moderate-to-marked basophilia. CBC reports with blood smear examinations from dogs presented to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were retrospectively reviewed for basophilia (>193 cells/µL). We classified basophilia as moderate when counts were ≥500 cells/µL and marked when they reached ≥1000 cells/µL. We compared the hematologic and clinical profiles of dogs with moderate-to-marked basophilia (the basophilia group) to those without basophilia, serving as our control group. In addition, we investigated differences between dogs with marked basophilia versus those with moderate basophilia, as well as between dogs in the basophilia group with and without concurrent eosinophilia. Diseases associated with moderate-to-marked basophilia included eosinophilic lung disease (p < 0.0001), leukemia/myeloproliferative neoplasms (p = 0.004), parasitic infection (p = 0.004), mast cell tumor (p = 0.005), and inflammatory bowel disease (p = 0.02). Overall, dogs with marked basophilia had a lower frequency of inflammatory diseases (51% vs. 70%, p = 0.009) and a higher frequency of neoplastic diseases (48% vs. 26%, p = 0.003) compared to those with moderate basophilia. In the basophilia group, concurrent eosinophilia was only seen in 36% of dogs. Dogs with concurrent eosinophilia were more often diagnosed with inflammatory diseases (77% vs. 58%, p = 0.006), with fewer diagnoses of neoplasia (19% vs. 40%, p = 0.001), compared to dogs without concurrent eosinophilia. The findings of this study offer veterinary clinicians valuable guidance in determining diagnostic priorities for dogs with moderate-to-marked basophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Held
- Department of Public Health and Pathobiology, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Hiroyuki Mochizuki
- Department of Public Health and Pathobiology, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Zelmer KLC, Moritz A, Bauer N. Evaluation of canine and feline leukocyte differential counts obtained with the scil vCell 5 compared to the Advia 2120 hematology analyzer and a manual method. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:679-697. [PMID: 37612877 PMCID: PMC10621549 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231187899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The vCell 5 (scil Animal Care), a point-of-care hematology analyzer (POCA), was recently introduced to veterinary laboratories. This laser- and impedance-based analyzer is capable of providing a CBC with 5-part WBC differential count (Diff) along with WBC cytograms and flags serving as interpretation aids for numerical results. We compared the scil POCA-Diff to reference methods (i.e., manual differential count, Advia 2120 hematology analyzer [Siemens]) for canine and feline blood samples and considered WBC cytograms and flags. Total observed error (TEo), calculated from CV and bias%, was compared to total allowable error (TEa). Data were analyzed before and after a review process (exclusion of flagged and samples with invalid cytograms). For both species, correlation was good-to-excellent (rs = 0.81-0.97) between both analyzers for all variables, except for feline monocytes (rs = 0.21-0.63) and canine monocyte% (rs = 0.50). Smallest biases were seen for neutrophils (dog: -5.7 to 0.8%; cat: 1.5-9.4%) with both reference methods. Quality requirements (TEo < TEa) were fulfilled for canine and feline neutrophils (TEo = 5.3-10.6%, TEa = 15%) and eosinophils (TEo = 67.1-83%, TEa = (90)-50%) considering at least one reference method. Our review process led to mildly higher rs-values for most variables. Although not completely satisfactory, the scil POCA provides reliable results in compliance with ASVCP quality goals for canine and feline neutrophils and eosinophils. Analyzer flag and cytogram analysis served as useful tools for QA, indicating the necessity for manual review of blood smears, and contributed to improvement of scil POCA performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Small Animal Clinic, Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Natali Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Zitzer NC. The Greatness of Glass. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:29-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Towns TJ, Tomlinson J, Chamorro MF, Lindley SES, Graff EC. Marked, persistent basophilia in a potbellied pig. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Jordan Towns
- Department of Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
- Scott‐Ritchey Research Center College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | | | - Manuel F. Chamorro
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Stephanie E. S. Lindley
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Emily C. Graff
- Department of Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
- Scott‐Ritchey Research Center College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
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Grebert M, Granat F, Braun JP, Leroy Q, Bourgès-Abella N, Trumel C. Validation of the Sysmex XN-V hematology analyzer for canine specimens. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:184-197. [PMID: 34152026 PMCID: PMC8362000 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background The Sysmex XN‐V is derived from the new Sysmex XN series of human hematology analyzers. The main changes from the previously validated XT‐2000iV analyzer include an optic‐fluorescent analysis for platelets and nucleated RBC count. Objective We aimed to validate the Sysmex XN‐V for canine blood according to American College for Veterinary Clinical Pathology and International Council for Standardization in Hematology recommendations. Materials and Methods Canine EDTA blood specimens and quality control material were analyzed on the Sysmex XN‐V to evaluate imprecision, bias, linearity, a comparison with the XT‐2000iV analyzer, interference effects, carry‐over, and stability. We also verified previously established Sysmex XT‐2000iV reference intervals (RIs). Results Imprecision and bias were low (<5%) for most variables. Observed total error was lower than allowable total error for most measured variables except lymphocytes and monocytes. Visually determined linearity was excellent for all variables, except for lymphocytes. The correlation between the XN‐V and XT‐2000iV analyzers was high (>0.93) for all variables except MCHC and reticulocyte indices. Correlations between the Sysmex XN‐V and manual differential counts were good for neutrophils and eosinophils, acceptable for lymphocytes, and fair for monocytes. Hemolysis, lipemia, and to a lesser extent icterus, had significant effects on measured hemoglobin concentration and associated variables. Carry‐over was not visually observed for any variable. Changes in the Sysmex XN‐V measurements after storage at 4℃ and 24℃ were similar to those described for the Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzer. The previously established Sysmex XT‐2000iV RIs can be used to interpret results from the Sysmex XN‐V analyzer for most variables except red blood cell distribution width and mean platelet volume. Conclusions The performance of the Sysmex XN‐V analyzer was excellent and compared favorably with the Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Grebert
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des animaux de compagnie et de sport, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France.,CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Granat
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des animaux de compagnie et de sport, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France.,CRCT, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UMR 1037, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Quentin Leroy
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des animaux de compagnie et de sport, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Catherine Trumel
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des animaux de compagnie et de sport, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France.,CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Oikonomidis IL, Milne E, Piccinelli C. Differential white blood cell counts in rabbits: a comparison of the Advia 2120 and a manual method. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:670-676. [PMID: 33834920 PMCID: PMC8225691 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211007877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the performance of the Advia 2120 (Siemens) differential leukocyte count (A-Diff) compared to the manual method (M-Diff) in rabbits. EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples collected for diagnostic purposes were analyzed within 6 h of collection. The M-Diff was performed blindly by 2 observers on blood smears by counting 200 cells. We initially included 117 samples; 25 samples were excluded because of suboptimal gating of leukocytes in the Advia peroxidase cytogram or poor blood smear quality. The correlation between the A-Diff and M-Diff was very high for heterophils (r = 0.924, p < 0.001) and lymphocytes (r = 0.903, p < 0.001), high for basophils (r = 0.823, p < 0.001), moderate for monocytes (r = 0.645, p < 0.001), and low for eosinophils (r = 0.336, p = 0.001). The Passing-Bablok regression analyses revealed a small-to-moderate constant error for lymphocytes and a slight constant error for basophils. Small proportional errors were detected for heterophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. The Bland-Altman analyses revealed that the Advia significantly underestimates heterophils and overestimates lymphocytes compared to M-Diff. The biases for the other leukocytes were minimal and likely clinical insignificant; however, our results, particularly for eosinophils, should be interpreted cautiously given the observed low percentages in our samples. Given the observed biases in heterophil and lymphocyte percentages in the Advia 2120 CBC results in rabbits, method-specific reference intervals should be used. The Advia can recognize leporine basophils. Evaluation of blood smears is still recommended to investigate abnormal results and erroneous cytograms reported by the Advia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis L Oikonomidis
- Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Elspeth Milne
- Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Chiara Piccinelli
- Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
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Effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on hematology, blood chemistry, cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of healthy dogs. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:200-208. [PMID: 33684794 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are antibiotics widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Effects on the immune system and inflammatory response, including effects on blood leukocytes proliferation and function and in cytokines synthesis, have been described. Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMT) have lost their antimicrobial activity, but maintain these other properties. This study analyzes the effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on the evolution of complete blood count, blood chemistry, the mRNA expression of selected cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations distribution in healthy dogs. CMT-8 at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily was administered per os to six healthy dogs. A control group of five healthy dogs, living in the same conditions than dogs treated with CMT-8, received placebo with an identical therapeutic regimen. When given at the doses used in this study, no side effects of CMT-8 were detected, suggesting a good tolerance and a limited toxicity of the drug. Dogs treated with CMT-8 showed a gradual increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The administration of CMT-8 in healthy dogs did not affect blood mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40 and IL-13. However, the lymphocytes expressing class II MHC on their surface decreased during the first two weeks of CMT-8 treatment and subsequently increased for the next three months. Considering the absence of antimicrobial properties of the drug, the effects of CMT-8 detected in this study seem to be unrelated to the classical antimicrobial activity attributed to tetracyclines.
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Romeo C, D’Alessandro S, Bielli M, Comazzi S, Ferrari N. Reference intervals for hematological variables in wild Eastern grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Layssol-Lamour C, Lavabre T, Braun JP, Trumel C, Bourgès-Abella N. The effects of storage at 4°C and 20°C on the hemograms of C57BL/6 mice and Wistar rats using the IDEXX ProCyte Dx and blood smear evaluations. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:652-667. [PMID: 31657495 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed blood analysis might be unavoidable in laboratory practice, but little is known about rodent blood stability, especially cell morphology and scattergram results. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the stability of rodent blood cell counts and morphologies at different temperatures using the ProCyte Dx analyzer and performing manual observations. METHODS Ten Wistar rats and 10 C57bl/6 mice were sampled on EDTA tubes and aliquoted for storage (4°C, 20°C). Hematologic analyses were performed immediately and at T6h, T24h, T48h (rats and mice), and T72h (rats only) after storage. RESULTS In rats, at any temperature, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) levels, and reticulocyte, white blood cell (WBC), eosinophil, and impedance platelet counts remained stable over time. The main changes were observed at 20°C for hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and WBC differential counts. Optical platelet counts (PLT-O) and platelet variables underwent changes at both temperatures from T24h. In mice, red blood cell counts by impedance (RBC-I), MCH, and WBC, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and platelet counts, and plateletcrit (PCT) were stable over time and at all temperatures. As in rats, the most significant changes were observed at 20°C and concerned the optical RBC (RBC-O) counts, HCTs, MCVs, MCHCs, and reticulocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts. For both species, blood cell morphologies were altered from T24h at all temperatures, and platelet clumps were more numerous at 4°C. CONCLUSIONS When rodent blood analyses need to be delayed, storage at 4°C is preferred and should not exceed 24 hours. PLT counts should be interpreted cautiously in refrigerated specimens with mandatory blood smear evaluations when abnormal scattergrams are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Layssol-Lamour
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Typhaine Lavabre
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Catherine Trumel
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Bourgès-Abella
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Lavabre T, Betting A, Bourgès-Abella N, Layssol-Lamour C, Trumel C. Abnormal Sysmex XT-2000iV DIFF scattergram in a cat with a prominent mastocytemia. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:624-629. [PMID: 31650566 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented to the emergency service of the National Veterinary School of Toulouse (France) for acute vomiting and diarrhea with lethargy, inappetence, and adypsia for the past 48 hours. Complete blood counts were performed with the ProCyte DX at the emergency department and with the Sysmex XT-2000iV at the laboratory 2 weeks later. The scattergrams from the two analyzers revealed similar unusual and abnormal dot plots. The Sysmex XT-2000iV DIFF scattergram also showed no clear separation between different leukocyte populations. The eosinophil cluster was in an abnormal location compared with that of the "typical" location in a normal cat. A blood smear evaluation revealed the presence of numerous mast cells. Thus, we hypothesized that the Sysmex XT-2000iV had detected the mast cell population, and this led to errors in the differential counts. To explore this hypothesis, we manually gated on the DIFF scattergram and performed a manual differential on the blood smear. With this new gating strategy, the Sysmex XT-2000iV and manual differentials were similar. Thus, in the case of systemic mastocytosis, mast cells can be located between the lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil clusters on scattergrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Typhaine Lavabre
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, CREFRE, Inserm-UPS-ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Betting
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Trumel
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, CREFRE, Inserm-UPS-ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Holst BS, Gustavsson MH, Johannisson A, Hillström A, Strage E, Olsson U, Axnér E, Lilliehöök I. Inflammatory changes during canine pregnancy. Theriogenology 2019; 125:285-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nabity MB, Harr KE, Camus MS, Flatland B, Vap LM. ASVCP guidelines: Allowable total error hematology. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:9-21. [PMID: 29430668 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this document is to provide total allowable error (TEa ) recommendations for commonly analyzed hematology measurands for veterinary personnel. These guidelines define relevant terminology and highlight considerations specific to hematology measurands. They also provide reasons and guidelines for using TEa in instrument performance evaluation, including recommendations for when the total observed error exceeds the recommended TEa . Biological variation-based quality specifications are briefly discussed. The appendix describes the derivation of the hematology TEa recommendations and provides resources for external quality assurance/proficiency testing programs and a worksheet for implementation of the guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linda M Vap
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Balan M, Hope A, Cassidy J, McCullough M, O'Brien PJ. Marked paraneoplastic basophilia accompanying eosinophilia in a cat with alimentary T-cell lymphoma. JFMS Open Rep 2017; 3:2055116917730180. [PMID: 28975036 PMCID: PMC5613847 DOI: 10.1177/2055116917730180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 5-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred with a history of persistent pyrexia, pica, soft faeces, inappetence, intermittent vomiting, mild-to-moderate granulocytosis and mild hypercalcaemia. No significant improvement was noted after antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment, except that the hypercalcaemia resolved. Physical examination, including thoracic auscultation, and abdominal and peripheral lymph node palpation, were unremarkable. On admission, haematology revealed moderate leukocytosis (36.8 × 109/l) with moderate-to-marked eosinophilia (21.3 × 109/l) and marked basophilia (4.04 × 109/l), the latter identified microscopically. Lymphocytes were markedly decreased (0.37 × 109/l). Blood smear examination revealed 58% eosinophils, 28% neutrophils, 11% basophils, 2% monocytes, 1% lymphocytes and marked, diffuse platelet clumping. Biochemistry abnormalities indicated mild pancreatitis, dehydration and anorexia with mildly increased pancreatic lipase, mild hypernatraemia (157 mmol/l), a moderate decrease in urea (3.1 mmol/l) and a slight decrease in phosphate (1.32 mmol/l). Ultrasound and radiographic imaging revealed enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes. Fine-needle aspiration, a Tru-cut biopsy and immunohistochemistry were performed. Cytological examination revealed ~65–75% lymphocytes (~80% were larger than a neutrophil), ~25–35% eosinophils and occasional basophils. Lymphocytes had single, small (<1/3 red blood cells), prominent nucleoli and increased pale, mildly vacuolated cytoplasm. On histopathology, cells were monomorphic, large, with prominent nucleoli, and mild, multifocal, staining for T-cell marker CD3. Smaller cells were strongly CD3-positive. Cells were negative for B-cell marker CD45R. Relevance and novel information This is the most severe case of paraneoplastic basophilia reported with feline alimentary T-cell lymphoma with accompanying eosinophilia and lymph node infiltration. Feline basophil prevalence is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balan
- Veterinary Pathobiology Section, University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aimee Hope
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Section, University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Cassidy
- Veterinary Pathobiology Section, University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maureen McCullough
- Veterinary Pathobiology Section, University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter J O'Brien
- Veterinary Pathobiology Section, University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
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Tvedten HW, Andersson V, Lilliehöök IE. Feline Differential Leukocyte Count with ProCyte Dx: Frequency and Severity of a Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Error and How to Avoid It. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1708-1716. [PMID: 28862354 PMCID: PMC5697173 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erroneous neutrophil and lymphocyte counts from analysis of feline blood samples were transferred directly into the hospital information system from the ProCyte Dx hematology instrument in our after‐hours laboratory. Errors usually were not detected by the users. Hypothesis/Objectives To quantify the frequency and severity of errors associated with the ProCyte Dx analyzer and to identify methods to avoid the errors. Animals One‐hundred six EDTA blood samples routinely submitted from feline hospital patients were analyzed. Methods ProCyte differential leukocyte counts were compared to 2 reference methods: Advia 2120 hematology instrument and manual enumeration. Limits for unacceptable deviation from the reference methods were defined as 18 for % lymphocytes and 23 for % neutrophils. Results Fourteen of 106 samples had unacceptable errors for both lymphocytes and neutrophils compared to both reference methods. Median % lymphocytes in those 14 samples were 11.2, 15.0, and 53.0% for Advia, manual, and ProCyte, respectively. Median % neutrophils were 85.4, 81.5, and 34.2% for Advia, manual, and ProCyte, respectively. All errors were avoided by rejecting automated ProCyte differential leukocyte results whenever the dot plot appeared clearly incorrect, but only 9 of these 14 samples had a ProCyte WBC distribution error flag. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Results reported by ProCyte had markedly falsely increased lymphocyte and decreased neutrophil counts in 13% of feline patient samples. Users must reject automated differential leukocyte count results when the WBC dot plot appears overtly incorrect. Rejection based only on ProCyte WBC error flag was insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Tvedten
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of the Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V Andersson
- Institution of Women and Children's health, Medical Technology Program, Uppsala University Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I E Lilliehöök
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of the Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Identification of peripheral blood involvement in dogs with large B-cell lymphoma: Comparison of different methods. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:288-293. [PMID: 28595084 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stage V lymphoma is defined as the presence of neoplastic cells in peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow, or any other non-lymphoid tissue. Still, official guidelines do not specify which technique should be used to assess infiltration. We assessed the agreement among flow cytometry (FC), blood smear evaluation, and ADVIA120 (LUC and BASO) to quantify PB infiltration in 100 dogs with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Significant errors were found for all methods compared to FC. A moderate agreement was present between FC and blood smear evaluation, whereas LUC and BASO had excellent specificity but unsatisfactory sensitivity in detecting FC infiltrated PB samples. The different techniques should not be used alternatively. We support the use of LUC/BASO as a speedy preliminary test to detect infiltrated samples, and the joined use of blood smear evaluation and FC to quantify definitively the infiltration. Our results are valid only within canine LBCL staging workup, once the diagnosis has been confirmed.
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Abstract
Practical relevance: Many veterinary practices have invested in quality automated hematology instruments for use in-house. However, regardless of the specific choice of analyzer, there are important hematology findings that can only be determined by microscopic examination of stained blood films. For this reason, and also for the purpose of quality control for the analyzer, a quick blood film review should be performed alongside every automated complete blood count. Even those practices that submit their blood samples to outside diagnostic laboratories for evaluation, still require the capability to examine stained blood films in emergency situations. Series outline: This is the first of a two-part article series that aims to familiarize the practitioner with normal findings on feline blood films, with a particular focus on unique features in the cat, as well as to assist with interpretation of common abnormalities. Part 1 focuses on how to prepare and examine blood films in order to maximize the reliability of the information they convey, and describes the morphology of feline erythrocytes in health and disease. Evidence base: The information and guidance offered is based on the published literature and the author's own extensive clinical pathology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Harvey
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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20
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Ramaiah L, Tomlinson L, Tripathi NK, Cregar LC, Vitsky A, Beust BV, Barlow VG, Reagan WJ, Ennulat D. Principles for Assessing Adversity in Toxicologic Clinical Pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:260-266. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623316681646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is limited direction in the literature or regulatory guidance on determination of adversity for clinical pathology (CP) biomarkers in preclinical safety studies. Toxicologic clinical pathologists representing the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology—Regulatory Affairs Committee and Society of Toxicologic Pathology—Clinical Pathology Interest Group identified principles, overall approach, and unique considerations for assessing adversity in CP data interpretation to provide a consensus opinion. Emphasized is the need for pathophysiologic context and a weight-of-evidence approach. Most CP biomarkers do not have the potential to be adverse in isolation, regardless of magnitude of change. Rather, they quantify or describe the impact of effects, provide adjunct or supportive information regarding a process or pathogenesis, and provide translational biomarkers of effect. Most often, CP changes are part of a constellation of findings that collectively are adverse. Thus, most CP changes must be interpreted in conjunction with other study findings and require contextual and integrative interpretation. Exceptions include critical CP changes without correlates that indicate a health risk in the tested species. Overall, CP changes should not be interpreted in isolation and their adversity is best addressed with an integrated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Ramaiah
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lindsay Tomlinson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Allison Vitsky
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
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21
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Stranieri A, Ferrari R, Zanzani S, Rossi G. Sysmex XT-2000iV scattergram analysis in a cat with basophilia. Vet Clin Pathol 2016; 45:225-228. [PMID: 26918862 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 13-year-old female Domestic Shorthair cat was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Milan for an interscapular mass suspected to be a mesenchymal malignant tumor. A preoperative CBC performed with Sysmex XT-2000iV showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia and eosinophilia. The Sysmex WBC/DIFF scattergram showed an additional, well-separated cluster of events between the neutrophil, eosinophil, and lymphocyte clusters. Blood smear evaluation revealed the presence of a significant number of basophils; thus, it was hypothesized that the additional cluster could represent the basophilic population. A second CBC, 24 days later, showed the same pattern on the WBC/DIFF scattergram in the absence of leukocytosis and neutrophilia. After surgical excision of the mass, a definitive diagnosis of feline injection site sarcoma was made. To the author's knowledge, there are no previous reports about the identification of feline basophils in the WBC/DIFF scattergram of Sysmex XT-2000iV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Stranieri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Zanzani
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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22
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Brudvig JM, Swenson CL. Total nucleated cell and leukocyte differential counts in canine pleural and peritoneal fluid and equine synovial fluid samples: comparison of automated and manual methods. Vet Clin Pathol 2015; 44:570-9. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean M. Brudvig
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation and Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health; College of Veterinary Medicine; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
| | - Cheryl L. Swenson
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation and Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health; College of Veterinary Medicine; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
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Giordano A, Stranieri A, Rossi G, Paltrinieri S. High diagnostic accuracy of the Sysmex XT-2000iV delta total nucleated cells on effusions for feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Clin Pathol 2015; 44:295-302. [PMID: 25847704 PMCID: PMC7169253 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The ΔWBC (the ratio between DIFF and BASO counts of the Sysmex XT‐2000iV), hereafter defined as ΔTNC (total nucleated cells), is high in effusions due to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), as cells are entrapped in fibrin clots formed in the BASO reagent. Similar clots form in the Rivalta's test, a method with high diagnostic accuracy for FIP. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy for FIP and the optimal cutoff of ΔTNC. Methods After a retrospective search of our database, DIFF and BASO counts, and the ΔTNC from cats with and without FIP were compared to each other. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+, LR−) were calculated. A ROC curve was designed to determine the cutoff for best sensitivity and specificity. Results Effusions from 20 FIP and 31 non‐FIP cats were analyzed. The ΔTNC was higher (P < .001), and BASO and DIFF counts were lower (P < .001 and P < .05) in FIP than in non‐FIP cats. Only 2 FIP cats with atypical effusions had a ΔTNC < 3.0. The cutoff identified by the ROC curve (area under curve: 0.94; P < .001) was 1.7 (Sensitivity = 90.0%; Specificity = 93.53%; LR+ = 13.9; LR− = 0.1). A ΔTNC > 2.5 had 100% specificity. Conclusions The ΔTNC has a high diagnostic accuracy for FIP‐related effusions by providing an estimate of precipitable proteins, as the Rivalta's test, in addition to the cell count. As fibrin clots result in false lower BASO counts, the ΔTNC is preferable to the WBC count generated by the BASO channel alone in suspected FIP effusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Stranieri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Rørtveit R, Saevik BK, Eggertsdóttir AV, Skancke E, Lingaas F, Thoresen SI, Jansen JH. Age-related changes in hematologic and serum biochemical variables in dogs aged 16-60 days. Vet Clin Pathol 2015; 44:47-57. [PMID: 25559636 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature reporting hematologic and serum biochemical variables in puppies is limited. As puppies are physiologically different from adult dogs, an age effect would be expected. OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe age-related changes in hematologic and serum biochemical variables in puppies aged 16-60 days and compare the results to reference intervals (RI) for adults. Our second aim was to determine RI for this age group. METHODS A total of 227 blood samples were collected from 101 clinically healthy puppies, mainly mixed breeds. To assess the effect of age, the results were compared to RI for adult dogs, and variations within the age period 16-60 days were studied. Reference intervals for the groups 16-24, 28-45, and 46-60 days of age were determined. RESULTS Lower values in puppies compared to adults were found for RBC, HGB, HCT, concentration of albumin, globulin, total protein, creatinine, and sodium:potassium ratio. Higher values in puppies compared to adults were found for activities of ALP and CK, and concentrations of inorganic phosphorus, calcium, and potassium. For MCV, MCHC, albumin:globulin ratio, and glucose concentration, different values in puppies compared to adults were found for some of the age groups. No age-specific differences were found compared to RI for adults regarding WBC, absolute counts of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and platelets, RDW, activities for AST, ALT, amylase, lipase, and concentrations of bile acids, cholesterol, urea, sodium, and chloride. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that age has a significant effect on several hematologic and serum biochemical values in puppies, warranting age-specific RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Rørtveit
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Tan E, Abrams-Ogg ACG, Defarges A, Bienzle D. Automated hematologic analysis of bone marrow aspirate samples from healthy Beagle dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:342-51. [PMID: 25135758 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpretation of bone marrow (BM) smears typically is comprised of qualitative assessment and differential counting of cells. Analysis of BM fluid with automated hematology analyzers may provide rapid characterization of cells to supplement microscopic interpretation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to examine the practicality and utility of analyzing BM samples in the Advia 2120 hematology analyzer; to determine if results correlate with smear assessment; and to establish descriptive statistics from hematologically normal and clinically healthy Beagle dogs. METHODS Anticoagulated BM aspirates from 3 different sites of 26 adult Beagle dogs were collected. BM samples were analyzed in the Advia 2120, and numerical results were correlated with microscopic assessment of corresponding BM smears. Results from automated analyses and manual 500-cell differential counts were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Forty-six samples were suitable for complete analysis. Results were available in approximately 2 (Advia) and 30 (stained and cover-slipped smear) minutes. Advia nucleated cell concentration was significantly correlated with microscopic assessment of smear particle number and smear cellularity. Significant correlations were also identified for Advia percent neutrophils with segmented, band and metamylocyte neutrophils, Advia percent lymphocytes with rubricytes, and Advia percent large unstained cells (LUC) with myeloblasts and promyelocytes. CONCLUSIONS Automated analysis of BM aspirates was practicable, although techniques to obtain cellular samples and avoid clot formation could be improved. Automated analysis may provide rapid and useful preliminary information regarding sample cellularity, and granulocytic and erythrocytic components. Automated analysis should not supplant microscopic assessment, but may be a useful adjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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26
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Tan E, Abrams-Ogg A, Defarges A, Bienzle D. Automated Analysis of Bone Marrow Aspirates from Dogs with Haematological Disorders. J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:67-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Rossi G, Mangiagalli G, Paracchini G, Paltrinieri S. Hematologic and biochemical variables of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) after overwintering in rehabilitation centers. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:6-14. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | | | | | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
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28
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Granat F, Geffré A, Bourgès-Abella N, Mortier J, Théron ML, Fauchon E, Braun JP, Trumel C. Feline reference intervals for the Sysmex XT-2000iV and the ProCyte DX haematology analysers in EDTA and CTAD blood specimens. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 16:473-82. [PMID: 24226754 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x13511811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laser-based haematology analysers are routinely used in veterinary clinical pathology laboratories, and are available to practitioners. However, feline haematological reference intervals (RIs) determined according to international recommendations are, to our knowledge, not available. Furthermore, platelet count RI is difficult to establish in cats because of the frequent occurrence of platelet aggregation in blood specimens. The purpose of this study was to establish feline haematological RIs with the Sysmex XT-2000iV and ProCyte DX analysers, in ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and in citrate, theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamole (CTAD), which is a combination of anticoagulants limiting platelet aggregation. Blood specimens from 120 healthy cats were analysed in duplicate, and the degree of platelet aggregation was assessed on blood smears. After exclusion of inadequate specimens, 81 sets of results (from 44 males and 37 females, aged from 6 to 116 months) were available for the determination of RIs by the non-parametric method. The effects of the anticoagulant, analyser and aggregation score were assessed. When the aggregation effect was significant, the RIs were determined using the subgroup of blood specimens with no or little aggregation. The effects of sex, age and weight were also investigated, but were moderate. The different RIs obtained with the Sysmex XT-2000iV and ProCyte DX analysers, and the two anticoagulants, were very similar to previous RIs established in EDTA with the ADVIA 120, another laser-based analyser, except for the platelet count in CTAD specimens. Its lower reference limit was higher in CTAD vs EDTA specimens, which confirms the interest in this anticoagulant in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Granat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Anne Geffré
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Nathalie Bourgès-Abella
- Department of Functional and Biological Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Jeremy Mortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Marie-Laure Théron
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Emilie Fauchon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Jean-Pierre Braun
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
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29
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Leucocyte phagocytosis during the luteal phase in bitches. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 153:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Evaluation of the IDEXX ProCyte Dx analyzer for dogs and cats compared to the Siemens ADVIA 2120 and manual differential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-012-1608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Comparison of the ProCyte Dx analyzer with the ADVIA 2120 and the manual differential for validation of equine and bovine hemograms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-012-1489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Willson CJ, Chandra SA, Kimbrough CL, Jordan HL. Effect of estrous cycle phase on clinical pathology values in beagle dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2012; 41:71-6. [PMID: 22250946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dogs, the diestrus phase is considerably longer than in most domestic animals, and is characterized by high circulating progesterone concentrations that may influence clinical pathology values. OBJECTIVE The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate differences in clinical pathology data in dogs in diestrus compared with data from dogs in all other phases of the estrous cycle. METHODS Phase of the estrous cycle was determined by histologic evaluation of reproductive tissues from 86 control female Beagles that had participated in 23 toxicity studies. Serum biochemical, hematologic, and urinalysis values from dogs in diestrus were compared with data from dogs in all other estrous cycle phases using a 2-tailed t-test. RESULTS In Beagles in diestrus (n = 38), serum cholesterol concentrations and eosinophil counts were 35% (P < .0001) and 45.8% (P = .0035) higher, respectively, than for Beagles in all other phases of the estrous cycle (n = 48). Furthermore, Beagles in diestrus had 14% lower AST activity (P = .0011), 1% lower chloride concentration (P = .0224), 7.8% lower hemoglobin concentration (P < .0001), 7.8% lower RBC count (P < .0001), and 7.6% lower hematocrit (P < .0001) compared with female dogs in all other phases of the estrous cycle. Urine values did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS Differences in clinical pathology values between dogs in different phases of the estrous cycle could potentially confound interpretation of data in toxicity studies, which often have small group sizes. Interpretation of clinical pathology data in female dogs should be performed with due consideration given to the phase of the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J Willson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Dawson DR, DeFrancisco RJ, Stokol T. Reference intervals for hematologic and coagulation tests in adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos). Vet Clin Pathol 2011; 40:504-512. [PMID: 22092869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species-specific reference intervals are needed for interpretation of laboratory tests. Reference interval studies of alpacas have been limited by low numbers and use of outdated methods. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to establish reference intervals for hematologic and coagulation tests in alpacas using a laser-based hematology analyzer and a mechanical clot detection coagulation analyzer, respectively; to compare results for automated and manual differential WBC and platelet counts and fibrinogen concentrations; and to examine the effect of herd and sex on hematologic tests in a population of alpacas. METHODS Blood collected from clinically healthy female and male adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from 5 herds underwent full CBC analysis using an ADVIA 2120 (n = 65). Blood smears were examined for manual differential WBC counts, platelet estimates, and morphologic examination of blood cells. PCV and plasma protein and heat-precipitable fibrinogen concentration measured by refractometry were also determined. Partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and clottable fibrinogen concentration were measured using a STA Compact analyzer (n = 13). Reference intervals were established using 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for hematologic analytes and minimum and maximum values for coagulation tests. Automated and manual differential WBC counts, platelet counts, and fibrinogen concentrations were compared. Results were also evaluated for herd- and sex-associated effects. RESULTS Hematologic reference intervals for alpacas were similar to those reported previously, except for lower RBC-related results, which showed a herd bias. Correlations between automated and manual neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and platelet counts were moderate to good, with weak to poor correlations for monocyte and basophil counts and fibrinogen concentrations. Owing to the low number of samples analyzed, reference intervals for coagulation tests should be considered estimated intervals. CONCLUSIONS Reference intervals will be useful guides for interpreting hematologic and coagulation results in alpacas, particularly when using the same instrumentation and reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R Dawson
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard J DeFrancisco
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Giori L, Gironi S, Scarpa P, Anselmi A, Gualtieri M, Paltrinieri S. Grey eosinophils in sighthounds: frequency in 3 breeds and comparison of eosinophil counts determined manually and with 2 hematology analyzers. Vet Clin Pathol 2011; 40:475-483. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giori
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology; Hygiene and Public Health
| | - Sara Gironi
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Paola Scarpa
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Milan; Milan Italy
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