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Hong J, Luo F, Du X, Xian F, Li X. The immune cells in modulating osteoclast formation and bone metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112151. [PMID: 38685175 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are pivotal in regulating bone metabolism, with immune cells significantly influencing both physiological and pathological processes by modulating osteoclast functions. This is particularly evident in conditions of inflammatory bone resorption, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. This review summarizes and comprehensively analyzes the research progress on the regulation of osteoclast formation by immune cells, aiming to unveil the underlying mechanisms and pathways through which diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, impact bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingyue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fa Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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Khuda F, Baharin B, Anuar NNM, Satimin BSF, Nasruddin NS. Effective Modalities of Periodontitis Induction in Rat Model. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:49-57. [PMID: 37259505 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231178459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Induction of periodontal disease using the rat model is the preferred model for human periodontal disease studies that are related to gene expression, mechanisms of inflammatory regulation, microbial and host responses, resolution, and the healing process. There are 3 methods that are frequently used to induce periodontal disease, which are: ligature application, oral bacterial inoculation, and the lipopolysaccharide injection technique. In the ligature model, sterile non-absorbable sutures or orthodontic wires are widely used to induce local irritation and bacterial plaque accumulation. Secondly, mono and mixed cultures of periodontal bacteria are inoculated orally by gavage or topical application. Lastly, lipopolysaccharide extracted from pathogenic bacteria can be directly injected into the gingival sulcus to induce inflammation and stimulate osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss. Among these methods, ligature application induces inflammation and alveolar bone resorption more promptly compared to other methods. This review will provide an overview of the main induction methods in experimental periodontal disease, with their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazle Khuda
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Badiah Baharin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Isola G, Tartaglia GM, Santonocito S, Chaurasia A, Marya A, Lo Giudice A. Growth differentiation factor-15 and circulating biomarkers as predictors of periodontal treatment effects in patients with periodontitis: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:582. [PMID: 37605193 PMCID: PMC10440880 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decades, in patients with periodontitis, periodontal treatment has been shown to reduce the potential release of local and systemic biomarkers linked to an early risk of systemic inflammatory disorders. This study evaluated the efficacy of non-surgical-periodontal treatment (NSPT) on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and related circulating biomarkers such as glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1), c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and surfactant protein D (SP-D) in periodontal patients and explored whether subjects who had high GDF-15 levels at baseline showed increased clinical benefits following NSPT at 6-months follow-up. METHODS For this two-arm, parallel randomized clinical trial, patients with periodontitis were randomly allocated to receive quadrant scaling and root-planing (Q-SRP, n = 23, median age 51 years old) or full-mouth disinfection (FMD, n = 23, median age 50 years old) treatment. Clinical and periodontal parameters were recorded in all enrolled patients. The primary outcome was to analyse serum concentrations changes of GDF-15 and of GPx-1, hs-CRP, and SP-D at baseline and at 30, 90, and 180-days follow-up after NSPT through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nephelometric assay techniques. RESULTS In comparison with FMD, patients of the Q-SRP group showed a significant improvement in clinical periodontal parameters (p < 0.05) and a reduction in the mean levels of GDF-15 (p = 0.005), hs-CRP (p < 0.001), and SP-D (p = 0.042) and an increase of GPx-1 (p = 0.025) concentrations after 6 months of treatment. At 6 months of treatment, there was a significant association between several periodontal parameters and the mean concentrations of GDF-15, GPx-1, hs-CRP, and SP-D (p < 0.05 for all parameters). Finally, the ANOVA analysis revealed that, at 6 months after treatment, the Q-SRP treatment significantly impacted the reduction of GDF-15 (p = 0.015), SP-D (p = 0.026) and the upregulation of GPx-1 (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION The results evidenced that, after 6 months of treatment, both NSPT protocols improved the periodontal parameters and analyzed biomarkers, but Q-SRP was more efficacious than the FMD approach. Moreover, patients who presented high baseline GDF-15 and SP-D levels benefited more from NSPT at 6-month follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05720481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, 20100, Italy
- Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, 20100, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, Catania, 95123, Italy.
| | - Akhilanand Chaurasia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Marya
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Puthisastra Phnom Penh Combodia, Phnom Penh, 55180, Cambodia.
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
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Hathaway-Schrader JD, Aartun JD, Poulides NA, Kuhn MB, McCormick BE, Chew ME, Huang E, Darveau RP, Westwater C, Novince CM. Commensal oral microbiota induces osteoimmunomodulatory effects separate from systemic microbiome in mice. JCI Insight 2022; 7:140738. [PMID: 35077397 PMCID: PMC8876522 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal microbes critically regulate skeletal homeostasis, yet the impact of specific microbiota communities on osteoimmune response mechanisms is unknown. To discern osteoimmunomodulatory effects imparted by the commensal oral microbiota that are distinct from the systemic microbiota, osteoimmunology studies were performed in both alveolar bone and nonoral skeletal sites of specific pathogen–free (SPF) versus germ-free (GF) mice and SPF mice subjected to saline versus chlorhexidine oral rinses. SPF versus GF mice had reduced cortical/trabecular bone and an enhanced pro-osteoclastic phenotype in alveolar bone. TLR signaling and Th17 cells that have known pro-osteoclastic actions were increased in alveolar BM, but not long BM, of SPF versus GF mice. MHC II antigen presentation genes and activated DCs and CD4+ T cells were elevated in alveolar BM, but not long BM, of SPF versus GF mice. These findings were substantiated by in vitro allostimulation studies demonstrating increased activated DCs derived from alveolar BM, but not long BM, of SPF versus GF mice. Chlorhexidine antiseptic rinse depleted the oral, but not gut, bacteriome in SPF mice. Findings from saline- versus chlorhexidine-treated SPF mice corroborated outcomes from SPF versus GF mice, which reveals that the commensal oral microbiota imparts osteoimmunomodulatory effects separate from the systemic microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, and
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Megan B. Kuhn
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine
| | | | - Michael E. Chew
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine
| | - Emily Huang
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine
| | - Richard P. Darveau
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, and
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chad M. Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, and
- Department of Stomatology-Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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5
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Elias M, Zhao S, Le HT, Wang J, Neurath MF, Neufert C, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. IL-36 in chronic inflammation and fibrosis - bridging the gap? J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144336. [PMID: 33463541 DOI: 10.1172/jci144336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and consists of three agonists and one receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). The three endogenous agonists, IL-36α, -β, and -γ, act primarily as proinflammatory cytokines, and their signaling through the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) promotes immune cell infiltration and secretion of inflammatory and chemotactic molecules. However, IL-36 signaling also fosters secretion of profibrotic soluble mediators, suggesting a role in fibrotic disorders. IL-36 isoforms and IL-36 have been implicated in inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and allergic rhinitis. Moreover, IL-36 has been connected to fibrotic disorders affecting the kidney, lung, and intestines. This review summarizes the expression, cellular source, and function of IL-36 in inflammation and fibrosis in various organs, and proposes that IL-36 modulation may prove valuable in preventing or treating inflammatory and fibrotic diseases and may reveal a mechanistic link between inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Elias
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongnga T Le
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Cugini C, Ramasubbu N, Tsiagbe VK, Fine DH. Dysbiosis From a Microbial and Host Perspective Relative to Oral Health and Disease. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617485. [PMID: 33763040 PMCID: PMC7982844 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of microbiology and immunology with regard to caries and periodontal disease gained substantial clinical or research consideration in the mid 1960's. This enhanced emphasis related to several simple but elegant experiments illustrating the relevance of bacteria to oral infections. Since that point, the understanding of oral diseases has become increasingly sophisticated and many of the original hypotheses related to disease causality have either been abandoned or amplified. The COVID pandemic has reminded us of the importance of history relative to infectious diseases and in the words of Churchill "those who fail to learn from history are condemned to repeat it." This review is designed to present an overview of broad general directions of research over the last 60 years in oral microbiology and immunology, reviewing significant contributions, indicating emerging foci of interest, and proposing future directions based on technical advances and new understandings. Our goal is to review this rich history (standard microbiology and immunology) and point to potential directions in the future (omics) that can lead to a better understanding of disease. Over the years, research scientists have moved from a position of downplaying the role of bacteria in oral disease to one implicating bacteria as true pathogens that cause disease. More recently it has been proposed that bacteria form the ecological first line of defense against "foreign" invaders and also serve to train the immune system as an acquired host defensive stimulus. While early immunological research was focused on immunological exposure as a modulator of disease, the "hygiene hypothesis," and now the "old friends hypothesis" suggest that the immune response could be trained by bacteria for long-term health. Advanced "omics" technologies are currently being used to address changes that occur in the host and the microbiome in oral disease. The "omics" methodologies have shaped the detection of quantifiable biomarkers to define human physiology and pathologies. In summary, this review will emphasize the role that commensals and pathobionts play in their interaction with the immune status of the host, with a prediction that current "omic" technologies will allow researchers to better understand disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cugini
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans LtxA Hijacks Endocytic Trafficking Pathways in Human Lymphocytes. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020074. [PMID: 31973183 PMCID: PMC7168647 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotoxin (LtxA), from oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, is a secreted membrane-damaging protein. LtxA is internalized by β2 integrin LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18)-expressing leukocytes and ultimately causes cell death; however, toxin localization in the host cell is poorly understood and these studies fill this void. We investigated LtxA trafficking using multi-fluor confocal imaging, flow cytometry and Rab5a knockdown in human T lymphocyte Jurkat cells. Planar lipid bilayers were used to characterize LtxA pore-forming activity at different pHs. Our results demonstrate that the LtxA/LFA-1 complex gains access to the cytosol of Jurkat cells without evidence of plasma membrane damage, utilizing dynamin-dependent and presumably clathrin-independent mechanisms. Upon internalization, LtxA follows the LFA-1 endocytic trafficking pathways, as identified by co-localization experiments with endosomal and lysosomal markers (Rab5, Rab11A, Rab7, and Lamp1) and CD11a. Knockdown of Rab5a resulted in the loss of susceptibility of Jurkat cells to LtxA cytotoxicity, suggesting that late events of LtxA endocytic trafficking are required for toxicity. Toxin trafficking via the degradative endocytic pathway may culminate in the delivery of the protein to lysosomes or its accumulation in Rab11A-dependent recycling endosomes. The ability of LtxA to form pores at acidic pH may result in permeabilization of the endosomal and lysosomal membranes.
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Khairi Amsyah U, Hatta M, Tahir H, Alam G, Asmawati A. Expression of IL-10 in A.actinomycetemcomitans Induced Rat Treated by Purple Miana Leaves. BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 12:2099-2104. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis therapy originating from local natural resources is still lacking so it needs to be researched and developed, one of the natural resources from Soppeng Regency in South Sulawesi, Indonesia is the purple miana leaf. It has not been reported before about the effect of purple miana leaf extract on periodontitis related to IL-10 mRNA expression. This study aims to determine the effect of purple miana leaf extract on IL-10 mRNA expression in rat induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Rats were divided into three groups, purple miana leaf extract (PMLE), negative control (aquades), antibiotic (levofloxacin nine mg/kg body weight) as positive control. Rat blood was drawn before (H1) and after induction of 3x108 cfu/ml Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the gingival sulcus of the mandibular anterior teeth/after periodontitis (H8) and seven days after intervention (H15). IL 10 mRNA expression was measured by Real-time PCR. The results obtained are processed using SPSS. There were no significant differences in H1-H8 in all groups. IL-10 mRNA expression on H8-H15 has a different pattern between PMLE, negative control and positive control. In the negative control, there was a decrease in IL-10 mRNA expression in H8-H15. In PMLE and positive control, an increase in IL-10 mRNA expression. The treatment of purple miana leaf extract in rat induced with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans significantly had the same effect as levofloxacin on IL-10 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummul Khairi Amsyah
- Gradute School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Hasanuddin Tahir
- Departement of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Gemini Alam
- Phytochemical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Asmawati Asmawati
- Departement of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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9
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Queen D, Ediriweera C, Liu L. Function and Regulation of IL-36 Signaling in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:317. [PMID: 31867327 PMCID: PMC6904269 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-36 subfamily of cytokines belongs to the IL-1 superfamily and consists of three pro-inflammatory agonists IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and an IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) antagonist, IL-36Ra. These IL-36 cytokines function through a common receptor to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-36 cytokines are expressed as inactive precursors and require proteolytic processing to become fully active. Upon binding to IL-36R, IL-36 agonists augment the expression and production of inflammatory cytokines via activating signaling pathways. IL-36 is mainly expressed in epidermal, bronchial, and intestinal epithelial cells that form the barrier structures of the body and regulates the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production at these tissue sites. Dysregulation of IL-36 signaling is a major etiological factor in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Besides its critical role in inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, emerging evidence suggests that aberrant IL-36 activities also promote inflammatory diseases in the lung, kidneys, and intestines, underscoring the potential of IL-36 as a therapeutic target for common inflammatory diseases. The role of IL-36 signaling in cancer development is also under investigation, with limited studies suggesting a potential anti-tumor effect. In this comprehensive review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the expression, activation, regulatory mechanisms, and biological functions of IL-36 signaling in immunity, inflammatory diseases, and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Queen
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Liang Liu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
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10
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Messer JG, La S, Kipp DE, Castillo EJ, Yarrow JF, Jorgensen M, Wnek RD, Kimmel DB, Aguirre JI. Diet-induced Generalized Periodontitis in Lewis Rats. Comp Med 2019; 69:384-400. [PMID: 31575381 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an important public health concern worldwide. Because rodents from the genus Rattus are resistant to spontaneous periodontitis, experimental periodontitis must be initiated by mechanical procedures and interventions. Due to their exacerbated Th1 response and imbalanced Th17 regulatory T-cell responses, Lewis rats are highly susceptible to inducible inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that feeding Lewis rats a diet high in sucrose and casein (HSC) would alter the oral microenvironment and induce inflammation and the development of periodontitis lesions without mechanical intervention. A baseline group (BSL, n = 8) was euthanized at age 6 wk. Beginning at 6 wk of age, 2 groups of Lewis rats were fed standard (STD, n = 12) or HSC (n = 20) chow and euthanized at 29 wk of age. We evaluated the degree of periodontitis through histology and μCT of maxillae and mandibles. The HSC-induced inflammatory response of periodontal tissues was assessed by using immunohistochemistry. Gene expression analysis of inflammatory cytokines associated with Th1 and Th17 responses, innate immunity cytokines, and tissue damage in response to bacteria were assessed also. The potential systemic effects of HSC diet were evaluated by assessing body composition and bone densitometry endpoints; serum leptin and insulin concentrations; and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the liver. Placing Lewis rats on HSC diet for 24 wk induced a host Th1-immune response in periodontal tissues and mild to moderate, generalized periodontitis characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration (predominantly T cells and macrophages), osteoclast resorption of alveolar bone, and hyperplasia and migration of the gingival epithelium. HSC-fed Lewis rats developed periodontitis without mechanical intervention in the oral cavity and in the absence of any noteworthy metabolic abnormalities. Consequently, the rat model we described here may be a promising approach for modeling mild to moderate periodontitis that is similar in presentation to the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Messer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stephanie La
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Deborah E Kipp
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Evelyn J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joshua F Yarrow
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida-South Georgia Veteran Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marda Jorgensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Russell D Wnek
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida-South Georgia Veteran Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Donald B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - José Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;,
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11
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Tellez Freitas CM, Burrell HR, Valdoz JC, Hamblin GJ, Raymond CM, Cox TD, Johnson DK, Andersen JL, Weber KS, Bridgewater LC. The nuclear variant of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (nBMP2) is expressed in macrophages and alters calcium response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:934. [PMID: 30700748 PMCID: PMC6353957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a nuclear variant of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), named nBMP2, that is translated from an alternative start codon. Decreased nuclear localization of nBMP2 in the nBmp2NLStm mouse model leads to muscular, neurological, and immune phenotypes-all of which are consistent with aberrant intracellular calcium (Ca2+) response. Ca2+ response in these mice, however, has yet to be measured directly. Because a prior study suggested impairment of macrophage function in nBmp2NLStm mutant mice, bone marrow derived (BMD) macrophages and splenic macrophages were isolated from wild type and nBmp2NLStm mutant mice. Immunocytochemistry revealed that nuclei of both BMD and splenic macrophages from wild type mice contain nBMP2, while the protein is decreased in nuclei of nBmp2NLStm mutant macrophages. Live-cell Ca2+ imaging and engulfment assays revealed that Ca2+ response and phagocytosis in response to bacterial supernatant are similar in BMD macrophages isolated from naïve (uninfected) nBmp2NLStm mutant mice and wild type mice, but are deficient in splenic macrophages isolated from mutant mice after secondary systemic infection with Staphylococcus aureus, suggesting progressive impairment as macrophages respond to infection. This direct evidence of impaired Ca2+ handling in nBMP2 mutant macrophages supports the hypothesis that nBMP2 plays a role in Ca2+ response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Tellez Freitas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Haley R Burrell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jonard C Valdoz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Garrett J Hamblin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Carlee M Raymond
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Tyler D Cox
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Deborah K Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Laura C Bridgewater
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America.
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12
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Liu TH, Tsai TY, Pan TM. Effects of an ethanol extract from Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 fermented skimmed milk on lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal inflammation in rats. Food Funct 2019; 9:4916-4925. [PMID: 30178812 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increased incidence of periodontal disease in recent years has garnered considerable attention. Numerous studies have confirmed that probiotics, such as lactic acid bacteria, can ameliorate periodontal inflammation. The current study aimed to assess the effect of an ethanol extract of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented skimmed milk (NTU101FM) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontal inflammation in rats. NTU101FM ethanol extract significantly ameliorated the weight loss caused by periodontal inflammation. NTU101FM ethanol extract treatment also reduced the oral microbial levels and decreased the levels of alveolar bone loss. Finally, NTU101FM ethanol extract was found to ameliorate periodontal inflammation by decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reducing oxidative stresses induced by LPS. Overall, our findings demonstrate that NTU101FM ethanol extract could be developed as a functional food that could ameliorate periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hua Liu
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Han Y, Jin Y, Miao Y, Shi T, Lin X. Improved RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis induction of CD27+CD38- memory B cells: A link between B cells and alveolar bone damage in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:73-80. [PMID: 30346027 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is a bacteria-induced disease that often leads to alveolar bone damage. Its mechanisms were considered to be complicated, involving an imbalance of the formation and resorption of bone. We sought to disclose the antibody-independent function of B cells during periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Production of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) by total lymphocytes or sorted B-cell subsets in gingiva from healthy or experimental periodontitis animals was examined by flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To define the effects of lymphocytes or B-cell subsets on osteoclastogenesis induction, bone marrow mononuclear cells were culture in culture medium of lymphocytes or cocultured with B-cell subsets. Osteoclasts were enumerated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Constituent ratio of B-cell subsets in healthy or experimental periodontitis was also detected by flow cytometry. RESULT Gingiva B cells produce more RANKL and support more osteoclastogenesis than T and other lymphocytes, and this potential improved in periodontitis. Memory B cells (CD27+CD38-) decreased their percentage in periodontitis. Memory B cells have the highest propensity for RANKL production. Remarkably, memory B cells from periodontitis animals expressed significantly more RANKL compared to healthy controls. Memory B cells supported osteoclast differentiation in vitro in a RANKL-dependent manner, and the number of osteoclasts was higher in cultures with memory B cells from periodontitis animals than in those derived from healthy ones. Other B-cell subsets have limited impact on osteoclast formation. CONCLUSION Findings of this study further disclose the roles of B cells engaged in periodontal immunomodulation and reveal the considerable importance of memory B cells in alveolar bone homeostasis and their likely contribution to alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Han
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yibin Miao
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Serotype a of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans down-regulates the increased serotype b-induced cytokine and chemokine production in dendritic cells. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:155-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Goumans MJ, Zwijsen A, Ten Dijke P, Bailly S. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Vascular Homeostasis and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a031989. [PMID: 28348038 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that control of vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Delta-like 4 (Dll4), angiopoietin, and ephrin signaling. It has become clear that signaling by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which have a long history of studies in bone and early heart development, are also essential for regulating vascular function. Indeed, mutations that cause deregulated BMP signaling are linked to two human vascular diseases, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension. These observations are corroborated by data obtained with vascular cells in cell culture and in mouse models. BMPs are required for normal endothelial cell differentiation and for venous/arterial and lymphatic specification. In adult life, BMP signaling orchestrates neo-angiogenesis as well as vascular inflammation, remodeling, and calcification responses to shear and oxidative stress. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of BMPs in the vascular system, based on studies of mouse models and human vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Department of Human Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Mécale (INSERM), U1036, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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van de Veerdonk FL, de Graaf DM, Joosten LAB, Dinarello CA. Biology of IL-38 and its role in disease. Immunol Rev 2017; 281:191-196. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI); Radboudumc The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Denver; Aurora CO USA
| | - Dennis M. de Graaf
- Department of Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI); Radboudumc The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Denver; Aurora CO USA
| | - Leo AB Joosten
- Department of Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI); Radboudumc The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Denver; Aurora CO USA
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI); Radboudumc The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Denver; Aurora CO USA
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17
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Oral pathogenesis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:303-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Pasquier J, Thomas B, Hoarau-Véchot J, Odeh T, Robay A, Chidiac O, Dargham SR, Turjoman R, Halama A, Fakhro K, Menzies R, Jayyousi A, Zirie M, Al Suwaidi J, Rafii A, Malik RA, Talal T, Abi Khalil C. Circulating microparticles in acute diabetic Charcot foot exhibit a high content of inflammatory cytokines, and support monocyte-to-osteoclast cell induction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16450. [PMID: 29180664 PMCID: PMC5703953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating microparticles (MPs) are major mediators in cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, their contribution to Charcot foot (CF) disease is not known. Here, we purified and assessed the origin, concentration and content of circulating MPs from 33 individuals: 11 with T2D and acute CF, 11 T2D patients with equivalent neuropathy and 11 non-diabetic controls. First, we demonstrated that there were no differences in the distribution of MPs of endothelial, platelet origin among the 3 groups. However, MPs from leukocytes and monocytes origin were increased in CF patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that monocytes-derived MPs originated more frequently from intermediate and non-classical monocytes in CF patients. Five cytokines (G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1-ra, IL-2 and IL-16) were significantly increased in MPs from acute CF patients. Applying ingenuity pathways analysis, we found that those cytokines interacted well and induced the activation of pathways that are involved in osteoclast formation. Further, we treated THP-1 monocytes and monocytes sorted from healthy patients with CF-derived MPs during their differentiation into osteoclasts, which increased their differentiation into multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. Altogether, our study suggests that circulating MPs in CF disease have a high content of inflammatory cytokines and could increase osteoclast differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pasquier
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Binitha Thomas
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Tala Odeh
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amal Robay
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Chidiac
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Soha R Dargham
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rebal Turjoman
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Halama
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Fakhro
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Sidra Medical and Research center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Robert Menzies
- Department of Podiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amin Jayyousi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Zirie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Talal Talal
- Department of Podiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Charbel Abi Khalil
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
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19
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Wang W, Li M, Luo M, Shen M, Xu C, Xu G, Chen Y, Xia L. Naringenin inhibits osteoclastogenesis through modulation of helper T cells‐secreted IL‐4. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2084-2093. [PMID: 28834554 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanP.R. China
| | - Mingjun Li
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanP.R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanP.R. China
| | - Mingkui Shen
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanP.R. China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanP.R. China
| | - Genzhong Xu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanP.R. China
| | - Yaokun Chen
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanP.R. China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanP.R. China
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20
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Díaz-Zúñiga J, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Monasterio G, Pujol M, Rojas L, Alvarez C, Carvajal P, Vernal R. Differential human Th22-lymphocyte response triggered by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 78:26-33. [PMID: 28189882 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, different serotypes have been described based on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigenicity. When T lymphocytes were stimulated with these serotypes, different patterns of T-helper (Th)1 and Th17-type of immune responses were reported. Recently, two new Th phenotypes have been described and named Th9 and Th22 lymphocytes; however, their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential Th9 and/or Th22 lymphocyte responses when stimulated with autologous dendritic cells infected with different A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. METHODS Monocyte-derived dendritic cells and naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes were obtained from healthy donors and stimulated with different serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans at a multiplicity of infection MOI=102 or their purified LPS (10-50ng/ml). The levels for the Th9 and Th22-associated cytokines, as well as the transcription factor master-switch genes implied in their differentiation Spi-B and AhR, were quantified by qPCR and ELISA. RESULTS When stimulated with the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans, higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected in dendritic cells, as well as higher levels of IL-22 and AhR were detected in T lymphocytes, when compared with stimulation with the other serotypes. CONCLUSIONS The serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans has a higher capacity of trigger Th22-type of immune response in both dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. These data allow us to suggest that, when the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans is a significant part of the subgingival biofilm, the Th22 polarization might be triggered within the periodontal lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myriam Pujol
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leticia Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Carvajal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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21
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Aguirre JI, Akhter MP, Neuville KG, Trcalek CR, Leeper AM, Williams AA, Rivera M, Kesavalu L, Ke HZ, Liu M, Kimmel DB. Age-related periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in rice rats. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:193-205. [PMID: 27771588 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize in rice rats: (a) periodontitis (PD) progress with feeding of standard laboratory rat chow (STD) during ages 4-80 weeks; and (b) PD progress with feeding of a high sucrose-casein (H-SC) diet during young adulthood. METHODS One group (N=12) was euthanized at age 4 weeks (Baseline). Four groups (N=8-16) consumed a STD diet from baseline and were necropsied at ages 22, 30, 52, and 80 weeks. Three groups (N=10-16) consumed an H-SC diet from baseline. Two were necropsied at ages 22 and 30 weeks, respectively. The third switched to the STD diet at age 22 weeks and was necropsied at age 30 weeks. All mandibles/maxillae were assessed by histometry for degree of periodontal inflammation (PD Score), alveolar crest height (ACH, mm), and horizontal alveolar bone height (hABH, mm2). RESULTS In STD diet rats aged ≥30 weeks, all endpoints were worse (P<0.05) than at Baseline. In H-SC diet rats aged ≥22 weeks, all endpoints were worse than at Baseline (P<0.05). At age 22 weeks, all endpoints were worse in the H-SC group than in the STD group (P<0.05). By age 30 weeks, the STD and H-SC groups did not differ. CONCLUSIONS 1) STD diet fed rice rats develop moderate/severe PD by age 30 weeks; 2) an H-SC diet accelerates moderate/severe PD development; and 3) switching to a STD diet does not halt/reverse PD that was accelerated by an H-SC diet. These data further clarify use of the rice rat as a PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - M P Akhter
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, United States.
| | - K G Neuville
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - C R Trcalek
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - A M Leeper
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - A A Williams
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - M Rivera
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, UF, United States.
| | - L Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, UF, United States; Bone Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States.
| | - H Z Ke
- Bone Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States.
| | - M Liu
- Bone Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States.
| | - D B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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22
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Borthwick LA. The IL-1 cytokine family and its role in inflammation and fibrosis in the lung. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:517-34. [PMID: 27001429 PMCID: PMC4896974 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The IL-1 cytokine family comprises 11 members (7 ligands with agonist activity, 3 receptor antagonists and 1 anti-inflammatory cytokine) and is recognised as a key mediator of inflammation and fibrosis in multiple tissues including the lung. IL-1 targeted therapies have been successfully employed to treat a range of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis. This review will introduce the members of the IL-1 cytokine family, briefly discuss the cellular origins and cellular targets and provide an overview of the role of these molecules in inflammation and fibrosis in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Borthwick
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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23
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Kragstrup TW, Greisen SR, Nielsen MA, Rhodes C, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Hetland ML, Hørslev-Petersen K, Junker P, Østergaard M, Hvid M, Vorup-Jensen T, Robinson WH, Sokolove J, Deleuran B. The interleukin-20 receptor axis in early rheumatoid arthritis: novel links between disease-associated autoantibodies and radiographic progression. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:61. [PMID: 26968800 PMCID: PMC4788924 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is often characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, and bone erosions. Current therapies can compromise immunity, leading to risk of infection. The interleukin-20 receptor (IL-20R) axis comprising IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24 and their shared receptors activates tissue homeostasis processes but not the immune system. Consequently, modulation of the IL-20R axis may not lead to immunosuppression, making it an interesting drug target. We evaluated the role of the IL-20R axis in RA and associations between plasma cytokine levels and clinical disease. Methods Plasma IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24 levels were measured in early RA patients during a treat-to-target strategy by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The IL-20R1 and IL-22R1 levels in paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial fluid mononuclear cells from a different cohort of RA patients were evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Monocytes/macrophages were stimulated with heat-aggregated human immunoglobulin immune complexes and immune complexes containing citrullinated fibrinogen, and osteoclasts were incubated with IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24. Results The plasma concentrations of IL-20 and IL-24 (but not IL-19) were increased in early RA patients compared with healthy controls (both P < 0.002) and decreased after 6 months of treatment (both P < 0.0001). The expression of IL-22R1 (but not IL-20R1) was increased on monocytes from RA synovial fluid compared with monocytes from both RA and healthy control peripheral blood. The plasma concentrations of IL-20 and IL-24 were increased in rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibody positive compared with negative early RA patients (all P < 0.0001). Immune complexes stimulated the production of the IL-20R cytokines by monocytes/macrophages. Increased baseline plasma concentrations of IL-20 and IL-24 were associated with Sharp-van der Heijde score progression after 24 months (Spearman’s rho = 0.19 and 0.26, both P < 0.05) in the early RA patients. The IL-22R1 was expressed by osteoclast precursors and in multinucleated osteoclasts. IL-20 and IL-24 increased the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 by these cells. Conclusions This study suggests that IL-20 and IL-24 link RA-associated autoantibodies with radiographic progression via the IL-22R1. Modulation of this axis holds promise as feasible anti-erosive treatment modalities in seropositive RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tue Wenzel Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Christopher Rhodes
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Merete Lund Hetland
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet and Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mikkel Østergaard
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet and Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - William H Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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24
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Mootha A, Malaiappan S, Jayakumar ND, Varghese SS, Toby Thomas J. The Effect of Periodontitis on Expression of Interleukin-21: A Systematic Review. Int J Inflam 2016; 2016:3507503. [PMID: 26998377 PMCID: PMC4779837 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3507503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Inflammation and tissue breakdown are led by an array of inflammatory destructive mediators associated with initiation and progression of inflammatory diseases like periodontitis. Current evidence shows that these inflammatory mediators have a definitive role in the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases with an inflammatory component. Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has been associated with systemic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease that follow a chronic inflammatory cascade. Similarly recent studies have associated Interleukin-21 levels with periodontitis. This systematic review was aimed to assess the levels of IL-21 in subjects with periodontitis. Methods. A complete literature search was done in PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, and Cochrane databases and Google Scholar based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Six relevant articles were procured. Full text was read individually by two reviewers and data extraction was done based on STROBE statement. Results. After data extraction five observational and one interventional study were obtained. All the studies showed an increased expression of IL-21 in periodontitis and the interventional study showed reduction in IL-21 levels after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSP). Conclusion. Interleukin-21 levels are higher in periodontitis than controls. With this limited evidence further longitudinal studies are required to consider this as a definitive inflammatory marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Mootha
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, No. 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sankari Malaiappan
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, No. 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, India
| | - N. D. Jayakumar
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, No. 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sheeja S. Varghese
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, No. 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Julie Toby Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, No. 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, India
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Herbert BA, Novince CM, Kirkwood KL. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a potent immunoregulator of the periodontal host defense system and alveolar bone homeostasis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26197893 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a perio-pathogenic bacteria that has long been associated with localized aggressive periodontitis. The mechanisms of its pathogenicity have been studied in humans and preclinical experimental models. Although different serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans have differential virulence factor expression, A. actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), leukotoxin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been most extensively studied in the context of modulating the host immune response. Following colonization and attachment in the oral cavity, A. actinomycetemcomitans employs CDT, leukotoxin, and LPS to evade host innate defense mechanisms and drive a pathophysiologic inflammatory response. This supra-physiologic immune response state perturbs normal periodontal tissue remodeling/turnover and ultimately has catabolic effects on periodontal tissue homeostasis. In this review, we have divided the host response into two systems: non-hematopoietic and hematopoietic. Non-hematopoietic barriers include epithelium and fibroblasts that initiate the innate immune host response. The hematopoietic system contains lymphoid and myeloid-derived cell lineages that are responsible for expanding the immune response and driving the pathophysiologic inflammatory state in the local periodontal microenvironment. Effector systems and signaling transduction pathways activated and utilized in response to A. actinomycetemcomitans will be discussed to further delineate immune cell mechanisms during A. actinomycetemcomitans infection. Finally, we will discuss the osteo-immunomodulatory effects induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans and dissect the catabolic disruption of balanced osteoclast-osteoblast-mediated bone remodeling, which subsequently leads to net alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Herbert
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and the Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - C M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and the Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - K L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and the Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Jurberg AD, Vasconcelos-Fontes L, Cotta-de-Almeida V. A Tale from TGF-β Superfamily for Thymus Ontogeny and Function. Front Immunol 2015; 6:442. [PMID: 26441956 PMCID: PMC4564722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple signaling pathways control every aspect of cell behavior, organ formation, and tissue homeostasis throughout the lifespan of any individual. This review takes an ontogenetic view focused on the large superfamily of TGF-β/bone morphogenetic protein ligands to address thymus morphogenesis and function in T cell differentiation. Recent findings on a role of GDF11 for reversing aging-related phenotypes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Dias Jurberg
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil ; Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Larissa Vasconcelos-Fontes
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Vinícius Cotta-de-Almeida
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Melgar-Rodríguez S, Díaz-Zúñiga J, Alvarez C, Rojas L, Monasterio G, Carvajal P, Escobar A, Sanz M, Vernal R. Serotype b of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans increases osteoclast and memory T-lymphocyte activation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:162-74. [PMID: 26172400 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
During periodontitis, alveolar bone resorption is associated with activation of T helper type 17 (Th17) lymphocytes and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) -induced osteoclasts. We previously reported that serotype b of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has a higher capacity to trigger Th17-type differentiation and function in activated T lymphocytes and its lipopolysaccharide is a more potent immunogen compared with the other serotypes. This study aimed to investigate whether serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans induces higher Th17-associated RANKL production, RANKL-induced osteoclast activation, and antigen-specific memory T lymphocyte proliferation. On naive CD4(+) T lymphocytes stimulated with autologous dendritic cells primed with different A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes, RANKL production, T-bet, GATA-3, RORC2 and Foxp3 expression, RORC2/RANKL intracellular double-expression, TRAP(+) osteoclast activation, and bone resorption were quantified. The frequency of proliferating memory T lymphocytes in response to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes was determined in periodontitis and healthy subjects. Naive CD4(+) T lymphocytes stimulated by serotype b-primed dendritic cells elicited higher levels of RANKL, RORC2, TRAP(+) osteoclasts, and bone resorption than the same cells stimulated with the other serotypes. RANKL positively correlated and co-expressed with RORC2. Memory T lymphocytes responding to serotype b were more frequently detected in periodontitis patients than healthy subjects. These results indicate that serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans is associated with higher production of RANKL and these increased levels are associated with Th17 lymphocyte induction, osteoclast activation, and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Alvarez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Carvajal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Escobar
- Dental Sciences Institute, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Sanz
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abuhussein H, Bashutski JD, Dabiri D, Halubai S, Layher M, Klausner C, Makhoul H, Kapila Y. The role of factors associated with apoptosis in assessing periodontal disease status. J Periodontol 2013; 85:1086-95. [PMID: 24359166 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the release of apoptotic proteins during periodontal breakdown. This pilot study investigates the presence of factors associated with apoptosis in serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and their association with periodontal disease severity and activity. METHODS GCF, whole saliva, and serum were obtained from 47 adult patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 10 healthy controls. Clinical measurements, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographs, were used to classify patients into healthy, mild, and moderate/severe CP groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure apoptosis or DNA fragmentation in GCF and active caspase-3, soluble Fas (sFas), and sFas ligand (sFasL) in saliva and serum. Western immunoblotting was used to detect Fas, FasL, sFasL, and caspase-3 expression in GCF. RESULTS DNA fragmentation was positively correlated with PD and CAL regardless of patient disease status (P <0.001). sFas and sFasL were present in saliva and serum, but there were no differences between groups. In GCF, the greater odds of detecting Fas, sFasL, and caspase-3 increased with increasing PD and CAL (P <0.05). In addition, sites with inflammation and PD ≥5 mm had significantly greater odds of exhibiting Fas, sFasL, and caspase-3 expression compared with sites without inflammation and PD <5 mm (P <0.05). Caspase-3 was not detected in saliva or serum. At the patient level, only FasL and disease status were significantly correlated (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Factors associated with apoptosis were detected in GCF in patients with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abuhussein
- School of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Reeves BD, Young M, Grieco PA, Suci P. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm killing by a targeted ciprofloxacin prodrug. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:1005-1014. [PMID: 23952779 PMCID: PMC3818142 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.823541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A pH-sensitive ciprofloxacin prodrug was synthesized and targeted against biofilms of the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The dose required to reduce the viability of a mature biofilm of Aa by ~80% was in the range of ng cm(-2) of colonized area (mean biofilm density 2.33 × 10(9) cells cm(-2)). A mathematical model was formulated that predicts the temporal change in the concentration of ciprofloxacin in the Aa biofilm as the drug is released and diffuses into the bulk medium. The predictions of the model were consistent with the extent of killing obtained. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the strategy to induce mortality, and together with the mathematical model, provide the basis for design of targeted antimicrobial prodrugs for the topical treatment of oral infections such as periodontitis. The targeted prodrug approach offers the possibility of optimizing the dose of available antimicrobials in order to kill a chosen pathogen while leaving the commensal microbiota relatively undisturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Reeves
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana 59717
| | - Mark Young
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana 59717
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman,
Montana 59717
| | - Paul A. Grieco
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana 59717
| | - Peter Suci
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman,
Montana 59717
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman,
Montana 59717
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Schreiner H, Li Y, Cline J, Tsiagbe VK, Fine DH. A comparison of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) virulence traits in a rat model for periodontal disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69382. [PMID: 23936002 PMCID: PMC3720274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to explore the effects of Cytolethal Distending toxin (Cdt) in a well established rat model of periodontal disease where leukotoxin (LtxA) was thought to have no known effect. In vitro studies, were used to assess CdtB activity using Aa Leukotoxin as a negative control. These studies showed that both CdtB and LtxA (unexpectedly) exerted significant effects on CD4+ T cells. As a result we decided to compare the effects of these two prominent Aa virulence factors on bone loss using our rat model of Aa-induced periodontitis. In this model, Aa strains, mutant in cdtB and ltxA, were compared to their parent non-mutant strains and evaluated for colonization, antibody response to Aa, bone loss and disease. We found that bone loss/disease caused by the ltxA mutant strain, in which cdtB was expressed, was significantly less (p<0.05) than that due to the wild type strain. On the other hand, the disease caused by cdtB mutant strain, in which ltxA was expressed, was not significantly different from the wild type strain. This data indicates that Aa LtxA exerts a greater effect on bone loss than Cdt in this rat model of periodontal disease and supports the utility of this model to dissect specific virulence factors as they relate to immunopathology in studies of Aa-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Schreiner
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
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Manrique P, Freire MO, Chen C, Zadeh HH, Young M, Suci P. Perturbation of the indigenous rat oral microbiome by ciprofloxacin dosing. Mol Oral Microbiol 2013; 28:404-14. [PMID: 23844936 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces such as the gut, vagina and oral cavity are colonized by microbiota that are an integral component of the healthy ecosystem. Recent molecular techniques make it feasible to correlate antimicrobial dosing levels with changes in microbiome composition. The objective of this study was to characterize the rat oral plaque microbiome composition at doses of ciprofloxacin that were considerably above and below nominal in vitro minimal inhibitory concentrations of a variety of gram-positive oral commensal bacteria. We exposed the oral cavities of rats to relatively low (0.1 μg ml(-1) ) and high (20 μg ml(-1)) doses of ciprofloxacin in the drinking water over a 3-day period. Plaque microbiota were characterized using 454 pyrosequencing. The rat indigenous community was dominated by the genera Rothia (74.4%) and Streptococcus (4.7%). Dosing at 0.1 μg ml(-1) was associated with changes in Rothia and Streptococcus species that were not significant, whereas dosing at 20 μg ml(-1) caused a pronounced (significant) reduction in the relative abundance of the Streptococcus genus. Taxonomic independent analysis indicated that the perturbation in the overall community structure attributed to dosing with ciprofloxacin at either the low or high dose was relatively low. The results suggest that it is feasible to use an antimicrobial dosing regimen to selectively target a specific subset of a mucosal microbiome for elimination with minimal perturbation of the entire community.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manrique
- Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG. New Insights in the Immunobiology of IL-1 Family Members. Front Immunol 2013; 4:167. [PMID: 23847614 PMCID: PMC3703542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL 1) family of ligands is associated with acute and chronic inflammation, and plays an essential role in the non-specific innate response to infection. The biological properties of IL 1 family ligands are typically pro-inflammatory. The IL 1 family has 11 family members and can be categorized into subfamilies according to the length of their precursor and the length of the propiece for each precursor (Figure 1). The IL 1 subfamily consists of IL 1α, IL 1β, and IL 33, with the longest propieces of the IL 1 family. IL 18 and IL 37 belong to the IL 18 subfamily and contain smaller propieces than IL 1 and IL-33. Since IL 37 binds to the IL 18Rα chain it is part of the IL 18 subfamily, however it remains to be elucidated how the propiece of IL 37 is removed. IL 36α, β, and γ as well as IL 36 Ra belong to the IL 36 subfamily. In addition, IL 38 likely belongs to this family since it has the ability to bind to the IL 36R. The IL 36 subfamily has the shortest propiece. The one member of the IL 1 family that cannot be categorized in these subfamilies is IL 1 receptor antagonist (IL 1Ra), which has a signal peptide and is readily secreted. In the present review we will describe the biological functions of the IL-1F members and new insights in their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i) , Nijmegen , Netherlands
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Zolochevska O, Diaz-Quiñones AO, Ellis J, Figueiredo ML. Interleukin-27 expression modifies prostate cancer cell crosstalk with bone and immune cells in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1127-36. [PMID: 23086758 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is frequently associated with bone metastases, where the crosstalk between tumor cells and key cells of the bone microenvironment (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, immune cells) amplifies tumor growth. We have explored the potential of a novel cytokine, interleukin-27 (IL-27), for inhibiting this malignant crosstalk, and have examined the effect of autocrine IL-27 on prostate cancer cell gene expression, as well as the effect of paracrine IL-27 on gene expression in bone and T cells. In prostate tumor cells, IL-27 upregulated genes related to its signaling pathway while downregulating malignancy-related receptors and cytokine genes involved in gp130 signaling, as well as several protease genes. In both undifferentiated and differentiated osteoblasts, IL-27 modulated upregulation of genes related to its own signaling pathway as well as pro-osteogenic genes. In osteoclasts, IL-27 downregulated several genes typically involved in malignancy and also downregulated osteoclastogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, an osteogenesis-focused real-time PCR array revealed a more extensive profile of pro-osteogenic gene changes in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In T-lymphocyte cells, IL-27 upregulated several activation-related genes and also genes related to the IL-27 signaling pathway and downregulated several genes that could modulate osteoclastogenesis. Overall, our results suggest that IL-27 may be able to modify interactions between prostate tumor and bone microenvironment cells and thus could be used as a multifunctional therapeutic for restoring bone homeostasis while treating metastatic prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zolochevska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection enhances apoptosis in vivo through a caspase-3-dependent mechanism in experimental periodontitis. Infect Immun 2012; 80:2247-56. [PMID: 22451521 DOI: 10.1128/iai.06371-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that diabetes aggravates periodontal destruction induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection. Thirty-eight diabetic and 33 normal rats were inoculated with A. actinomycetemcomitans and euthanized at baseline and at 4, 5, and 6 weeks after inoculation. Bone loss and the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in gingival epithelium were measured in hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections. The induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and of apoptotic cells by a TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) assay. After A. actinomycetemcomitans infection, the bone loss in diabetic rats was 1.7-fold and the PMN infiltration 1.6-fold higher than in normoglycemic rats (P < 0.05). The induction of TNF-α was 1.5-fold higher and of apoptotic cells was up to 3-fold higher in diabetic versus normoglycemic rats (P < 0.05). Treatment with a caspase-3 inhibitor significantly blocked noninflammatory cell apoptosis induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans infection in gingival epithelium and connective tissue (P < 0.05). These results provide new insight into how diabetes aggravates A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontal destruction in rats by significantly increasing the inflammatory response, leading to increased bone loss and enhancing apoptosis of gingival epithelial and connective tissue cells through a caspase-3-dependent mechanism. Antibiotics had a more pronounced effect on many of these parameters in diabetic than in normoglycemic rats, suggesting a deficiency in the capacity of diabetic animals to resist infection.
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Bezerra BDB, Andriankaja O, Kang J, Pacios S, Bae HJ, Li Y, Tsiagbe V, Schreiner H, Fine DH, Graves DT. A.actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontal disease promotes systemic and local responses in rat periodontium. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:333-41. [PMID: 22313458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the histologic and cellular response to A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) infection. MATERIAL & METHODS Wistar rats infected with Aa were evaluated for antibody response, oral Aa colonization, loss of attachment, PMN recruitment, TNF-α in the junctional epithelium and connective tissue, osteoclasts and adaptive immune response in local lymph nodes at baseline and 4, 5 or 6 weeks after infection. Some groups were given antibacterial treatment at 4 weeks. RESULTS An antibody response against Aa occurred within 4 weeks of infection, and 78% of inoculated rats had detectable Aa in the oral cavity (p < 0.05). Aa infection significantly increased loss of attachment that was reversed by antibacterial treatment (p < 0.05). TNF-α expression in the junctional epithelium followed the same pattern. Aa stimulated high osteoclast formation and TNF-α expression in the connective tissue (p < 0.05). PMN recruitment significantly increased after Aa infection (p < 0.05). Aa also increased the number of CD8(+) T cells (p < 0.05), but not CD4(+) T cells or regulatory T cells (Tregs) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Aa infection stimulated a local response that increased numbers of PMNs and TNF-α expression in the junctional epithelium and loss of attachment. Both TNF-α expression in JE and loss of attachment was reversed by antibiotic treatment. Aa infection also increased TNF-α in the connective tissue, osteoclast numbers and CD8(+) T cells in lymph nodes. The results link Aa infection with important characteristics of periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Brito Bezerra
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen G, Deng C, Li YP. TGF-β and BMP signaling in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:272-88. [PMID: 22298955 PMCID: PMC3269610 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1204] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in a vast majority of cellular processes and is fundamentally important throughout life. TGF-β/BMPs have widely recognized roles in bone formation during mammalian development and exhibit versatile regulatory functions in the body. Signaling transduction by TGF-β/BMPs is specifically through both canonical Smad-dependent pathways (TGF-β/BMP ligands, receptors and Smads) and non-canonical Smad-independent signaling pathway (e.g. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, MAPK). Following TGF-β/BMP induction, both the Smad and p38 MAPK pathways converge at the Runx2 gene to control mesenchymal precursor cell differentiation. The coordinated activity of Runx2 and TGF-β/BMP-activated Smads is critical for formation of the skeleton. Recent advances in molecular and genetic studies using gene targeting in mice enable a better understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in bone and in the signaling networks underlying osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in bone from studies of genetic mouse models and human diseases caused by the disruption of TGF-β/BMP signaling. This review also highlights the different modes of cross-talk between TGF-β/BMP signaling and the signaling pathways of MAPK, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, and FGF in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqian Chen
- Institute of Genetics, Life Science College, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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