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Foong YH, Caldwell B, Thorvaldsen JL, Krapp C, Mesaros CA, Zhou W, Kohli RM, Bartolomei MS. TET1 displays catalytic and non-catalytic functions in the adult mouse cortex. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2374979. [PMID: 38970823 PMCID: PMC11229741 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2374979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
TET1/2/3 dioxygenases iteratively demethylate 5-methylcytosine, beginning with the formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). The post-mitotic brain maintains higher levels of 5hmC than most peripheral tissues, and TET1 ablation studies have underscored the critical role of TET1 in brain physiology. However, deletion of Tet1 precludes the disentangling of the catalytic and non-catalytic functions of TET1. Here, we dissect these functions of TET1 by comparing adult cortex of Tet1 wildtype (Tet1 WT), a novel Tet1 catalytically dead mutant (Tet1 HxD), and Tet1 knockout (Tet1 KO) mice. Using DNA methylation array, we uncover that Tet1 HxD and KO mutations perturb the methylation status of distinct subsets of CpG sites. Gene ontology (GO) analysis on specific differential 5hmC regions indicates that TET1's catalytic activity is linked to neuronal-specific functions. RNA-Seq further shows that Tet1 mutations predominantly impact the genes that are associated with alternative splicing. Lastly, we performed High-performance Liquid Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry lipidomics on WT and mutant cortices and uncover accumulation of lysophospholipids lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine in Tet1 HxD cortex. In summary, we show that Tet1 HxD does not completely phenocopy Tet1 KO, providing evidence that TET1 modulates distinct cortical functions through its catalytic and non-catalytic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Hoon Foong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Blake Caldwell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Joanne L. Thorvaldsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Krapp
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Clementina A. Mesaros
- Translational Biomarkers Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wanding Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Smilow Center for Translational Rsearch, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rahul M. Kohli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Smilow Center for Translational Rsearch, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marisa S. Bartolomei
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Smilow Center for Translational Rsearch, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Liu M, Du X, Chen H, Bai C, Lan L. Systemic investigation of di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) exposure in the risk of cardiovascular via influencing the gut microbiota arachidonic acid metabolism in obese mice model. Regen Ther 2024; 27:290-300. [PMID: 38638558 PMCID: PMC11024931 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PE), a significant class of organic compounds used in industry, can contaminate humans and animals by entering water and food chains. Recent studies demonstrate the influence of PE on the development and progression of heart diseases, particularly in obese people. Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) was administered orally to normal and diet-induced obese mice in this research to assess cardiovascular risk. The modifications in the microbial composition and metabolites were examined using RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis. Based on the findings, lean group rodents were less susceptible to DIBP exposure than fat mice because of their cardiovascular systems. Histopathology examinations of mice fed a high-fat diet revealed lesions and plagues that suggested a cardiovascular risk. In the chronic DIBP microbial remodeling metagenomics Faecalibaculum rodentium was the predominant genera in obese mice. According to metabolomics data, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism changes caused by DIBP were linked to unfavorable cardiovascular events. Our research offers new understandings of the cardiovascular damage caused by DIBP exposure in obese people and raises the possibility that arachidonic acid metabolism could be used as a regulator of the gut microbiota to avert related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of General Practice, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85, Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xifeng Du
- Department of General Practice, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85, Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Department of General Practice, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85, Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Chenkai Bai
- Department of General Practice, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85, Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Lizhen Lan
- Department of General Practice, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85, Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
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Ismaila MS, Sanusi KO, Iliyasu U, Imam MU, Georges K, Sundaram V, Jones KR. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Quail Yolk Oil via Upregulation of Superoxide Dismutase 1 and Catalase Genes and Downregulation of EIGER and Unpaired 2 Genes in a D. melanogaster Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:75. [PMID: 38247499 PMCID: PMC10812611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Quail egg yolk oil (QEYO) has a rich history of medicinal use, showcasing heightened antioxidant and bioactive properties in our prior studies. This positions QEYO as a promising candidate for therapeutic and cosmetic applications. In this investigation, QEYO was extracted using ethanol/chloroform and 2-propanol/hexane solvents. GC-MS and FTIR analyses quantified 14 major bioactive compounds in the ethanol/chloroform fraction and 12 in the 2-propanol/hexane fraction. Toxicity evaluations in fruit flies, spanning acute, sub chronic, and chronic exposures, revealed no adverse effects. Negative geotaxis assays assessed locomotor activity, while biochemical assays using fly hemolymph gauged antioxidant responses. Real-time PCR revealed the relative expression levels of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes. FTIR spectra indicated diverse functional groups, and the GC-MS results associated bioactive compounds with the regulation of the anti-inflammatory genes EIGER and UPD2. While no significant change in SOD activities was noted, male flies treated with specific QEYO doses exhibited increased catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity, coupled with a significant decrease in their malondialdehyde levels. This study offers valuable insights into the bioactive compounds of QEYO and their potential regulatory roles in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sani Ismaila
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago; (M.S.I.); (K.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Kamaldeen Olalekan Sanusi
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840004, Nigeria; (K.O.S.); (M.U.I.)
| | - Uwaisu Iliyasu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna 800283, Nigeria;
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840004, Nigeria; (K.O.S.); (M.U.I.)
| | - Karla Georges
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago; (M.S.I.); (K.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Venkatesan Sundaram
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago; (M.S.I.); (K.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Kegan Romelle Jones
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago; (M.S.I.); (K.G.); (V.S.)
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Gartling G, Nakamura R, Sayce L, Kimball EE, Wilson A, Schneeberger S, Zimmerman Z, Garabedian MJ, Branski RC, Rousseau B. Acute Effects of Systemic Glucocorticoids on the Vocal Folds in a Pre-Clinical Model. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2024; 133:87-96. [PMID: 37497827 PMCID: PMC10818023 DOI: 10.1177/00034894231188571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Systemic glucocorticoids (GC)s are employed to treat various voice disorders. However, GCs have varying pharmacodynamic properties with adverse effects ranging from changes in epithelial integrity, skeletal muscle catabolism, and altered body weight. We sought to characterize the acute temporal effects of systemic dexamethasone and methylprednisolone on vocal fold (VF) epithelial glucocorticoid receptor (GR) nuclear translocation, epithelial tight junction (ZO-1) expression, thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle fiber morphology, and body weight using an established pre-clinical model. We hypothesized dexamethasone and methylprednisolone will elicit changes in VF epithelial GR nuclear translocation, epithelial ZO-1 expression, TA muscle morphology, and body weight compared to placebo-treated controls. METHODS Forty-five New Zealand white rabbits received intramuscular injections of methylprednisolone (4.5 mg; n = 15), dexamethasone (450 µg; n = 15), or volume matched saline (n = 15) into the iliocostalis/longissimus muscle for 6 consecutive days. Vocal folds from 5 rabbits from each treatment group were harvested at 1-, 3-, or 7 days following the final injection and subjected to immunohistochemistry for ZO-1 and GR as well as TA muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) measures. RESULTS Dexamethasone increased epithelial GR nuclear translocation and ZO-1 expression 1-day following injections compared to methylprednisolone (P = .024; P = .012). Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone increased TA CSA 1-day following injections (P = .011). Methylprednisolone decreased body weight 7 days following injections compared to controls (P = .004). CONCLUSIONS Systemic dexamethasone may more efficiently activate GR in the VF epithelium with a lower risk of body weight loss, suggesting a role for more refined approaches to GC selection for laryngeal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Gartling
- Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lea Sayce
- Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily E. Kimball
- Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Azure Wilson
- Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven Schneeberger
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zachary Zimmerman
- Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J. Garabedian
- Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan C. Branski
- Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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5
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Blanco M, Foss R, Tönißen A, Rohn K, Burger D, Sieme H. Age and treatment on the day of embryo transfer in recipient mares affect likelihood of pregnancy. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2023; 51:358-366. [PMID: 38056470 DOI: 10.1055/a-2186-2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective evaluation of data from a large commercial embryo transfer facility aimed to determine the extent to which age and treatment on the day of embryo transfer in recipient mares influence the likelihood of pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Embryo recovery was carried out on days 8-10 post-ovulation using transcervical uterine flushing. Recipient mares grouped according to their age were treated once on the day of embryo transfer (Day 3-8 post ovulation) and were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: Mares in Group A (n=101) received antispasmodic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Mares in Group B (n=100) received gentamicin and flunixin meglumine. Group C (control) (n=103) did not receive any treatment. Detomidine (0.008 mg/kg bwt i.v.) was administered to all recipients before transfer of the embryo. The influence of treatment and recipient´s age was calculated using binary logistic regression. RESULTS Day 16 post-transfer pregnancy rates were highest in Group A (74/101, 73.3a%), when compared to Group B (60/100, 60%), and Group C (57/103, 55.3b%) (a vs b, p<0.05). Pregnancy loss rates at D45 were not different between groups, A (8/74, 10.8%), B (5/60, 8.3%), and C (6/57, 10.5%), respectively (p>0.05). Pregnancy losses were increased in recipient mares 17-22 years (33.3a%) compared to younger recipient mares (2-6 years 7b%, 7-11 years 10%, 12-16 years 8b%) (a:b p<0.05). The regression model showed that the predicted probability for pregnancy after embryo transfer decreased as the age of the recipient mare increased for treated recipients in Group A (p=0.012), there was no effect of treatment and recipient´s age in Group B, and a decreased likelihood of pregnancy in recipients of advanced age (≥12 years of age) in untreated recipients (group C). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Likelihood of pregnancy increased following single administration of antispasmodic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory drugs at the time of embryo transfer in recipients 2-12 years of age. Likelihood of pregnancy in recipients decreased in recipients≥12 years of age. These results, obtained under the conditions of a large commercial embryo transfer program, offer an opportunity to improve pregnancy rates in recipient mares≤12 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Blanco
- Studfarm Lewitz - PS Pferdehaltung, Neustadt-Glewe, Germany
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Rob Foss
- Equine Medical Services, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anna Tönißen
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Germany
| | - Dominik Burger
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, University of Berne, and Agroscope, Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Harald Sieme
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
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6
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Phat NK, Tien NTN, Anh NK, Yen NTH, Lee YA, Trinh HKT, Le KM, Ahn S, Cho YS, Park S, Kim DH, Long NP, Shin JG. Alterations of lipid-related genes during anti-tuberculosis treatment: insights into host immune responses and potential transcriptional biomarkers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210372. [PMID: 38022579 PMCID: PMC10644770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The optimal diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) are challenging due to underdiagnosis and inadequate treatment monitoring. Lipid-related genes are crucial components of the host immune response in TB. However, their dynamic expression and potential usefulness for monitoring response to anti-TB treatment are unclear. Methodology In the present study, we used a targeted, knowledge-based approach to investigate the expression of lipid-related genes during anti-TB treatment and their potential use as biomarkers of treatment response. Results and discussion The expression levels of 10 genes (ARPC5, ACSL4, PLD4, LIPA, CHMP2B, RAB5A, GABARAPL2, PLA2G4A, MBOAT2, and MBOAT1) were significantly altered during standard anti-TB treatment. We evaluated the potential usefulness of this 10-lipid-gene signature for TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring in various clinical scenarios across multiple populations. We also compared this signature with other transcriptomic signatures. The 10-lipid-gene signature could distinguish patients with TB from those with latent tuberculosis infection and non-TB controls (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.7 for most cases); it could also be useful for monitoring response to anti-TB treatment. Although the performance of the new signature was not better than that of previous signatures (i.e., RISK6, Sambarey10, Long10), our results suggest the usefulness of metabolism-centric biomarkers. Conclusions Lipid-related genes play significant roles in TB pathophysiology and host immune responses. Furthermore, transcriptomic signatures related to the immune response and lipid-related gene may be useful for TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ky Phat
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Tran Nam Tien
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Ky Anh
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Hai Yen
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ah Lee
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang Kim Tu Trinh
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Kieu-Minh Le
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Sangzin Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soon Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongoh Park
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Data Science Center, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Rokkam SK, Mas-Rosario JA, Joshi BP, Joshi M, Choudhury AR, Kar S, Golakoti NR, Farkas ME. Diarylidene-N-Methyl-4-Piperidones and Spirobibenzopyrans as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300822. [PMID: 37537138 PMCID: PMC10634312 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has antioxidant properties resulting from its radical scavenging ability and inhibition of inflammation-associated factors. However, its lack of solubility, instability, and poor bioavailability are impediments to its therapeutic use. As potential alternatives, we synthesized and performed chemical analysis of thirty diarylidene-N-methyl-4-piperidone (DANMP), diheteroarylidene-N-methyl-4-piperidone (DHANMP), and spirobibenzopyran (SBP) derivatives, one of which was also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. All compounds were evaluated for antioxidant activity via 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and for drug-like properties in silico. A subset of five compounds was investigated in terms of aqueous solubilities, which were significantly improved compared to that of curcumin. In vitro assessments of cellular and anti-inflammatory effects were conducted via real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Griess assays to evaluate the presence of inflammatory/activated (M1) markers and production of nitric oxide (NO) species, which are associated with inflammation. The five compounds reduced levels of markers and NO to extents similar to or better than curcumin in inflamed cells, and showed no adverse effects on cell viability. We show that these compounds possess anti-inflammatory properties and may be used as curcumin-substitutes with improved characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Rokkam
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam 515134(AP), India
| | - Javier A. Mas-Rosario
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Rd, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Bishnu P. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Mayank Joshi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli P. O. Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
- College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli P. O. Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Swayamsiddha Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam 515134(AP), India
| | - Nageswara Rao Golakoti
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam 515134(AP), India
| | - Michelle E. Farkas
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Rd, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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8
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Li W, Zhang C, Aramaki S, Xu L, Tsuge S, Sakamoto T, Mamun MA, Islam A, Hayakawa T, Takanashi Y, Dubail M, Konishi K, Sato T, Kahyo T, Fouillade C, Nakamura K, Setou M. Lipid Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Chains in Mouse Kidneys Were Increased within 5 min of a Single High Dose Whole Body Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12439. [PMID: 37569813 PMCID: PMC10419980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the ultra-early reaction of normal organ lipids during irradiation, we investigated the response of lipids, including polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) chains, which are particularly susceptible to damage by ROS, in mice's kidneys, lungs, brains, and livers within 5 min of single high-dose irradiation. In this study, we set up three groups of C56BL/6 male mice and conducted whole-body irradiation with 0 Gy, 10 Gy, and 20 Gy single doses. Kidney, lung, brain, and liver tissues were collected within 5 min of irradiation. PUFA-targeted and whole lipidomic analyses were conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that PUFA chains of kidney phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and triacylglycerol (TG) significantly increased within 5 min of 10 Gy and 20 Gy irradiation. The main components of increased PUFA chains in PC and PE were C18:2, C20:4, and C22:6, and in TG the main component was C18:2. The kidney lipidomes also showed significant changes from the perspective of lipid species, mainly dominated by an increase in PC, PE, TG, and signal lipids, while lipidomes of the lung, brain, and liver were slightly changed. Our results revealed that acute PUFA chains increase and other lipidomic changes in the kidney upon whole-body irradiation within 5 min of irradiation. The significantly increased lipids also showed a consistent preference for possessing PUFA chains. The lipidomic changes varied from organ to organ, which indicates that the response upon irradiation within a short time is tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (W.L.)
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (C.Z.); (M.S.)
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center Hamamatsu, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Aramaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (W.L.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (C.Z.); (M.S.)
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (C.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Shogo Tsuge
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (C.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Takumi Sakamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (C.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Md. Al Mamun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (C.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (C.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Takamitsu Hayakawa
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takanashi
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Maxime Dubail
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, INSERM U612, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Kenta Konishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (W.L.)
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (C.Z.); (M.S.)
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (C.Z.); (M.S.)
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Charles Fouillade
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, INSERM U612, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Katsumasa Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (W.L.)
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (C.Z.); (M.S.)
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center Hamamatsu, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
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Gorzelnik SA, Zhu X, Angelidaki I, Koski M, Valverde-Pérez B. Daphnia magna as biological harvesters for green microalgae grown on recirculated aquaculture system effluents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162247. [PMID: 36791858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The sustainability of recycling aquaculture systems (RAS) is challenged by nutrient discharges, which cause water eutrophication. Efficient treatments for RAS effluents are needed to mitigate its environmental impacts. Microalgae assimilate nutrients and dissolved carbon into microbial biomass with value as feed or food ingredient. However, they are difficult to harvest efficiently. Daphnia magna is an efficient filter feeder that grazes on microalgae at high rates and serves as valuable fish feed. Combining nutrient removal by microalgae and biomass harvesting by D. magna could be a cost-effective solution for wastewater valorization. Nutrient removal from unsterilized aquaculture wastewater was evaluated using the microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus dimorphus, and Haematococcus pluvialis. The first two algae were subsequently harvested using D. magna as a grazer, while H. pluvialis failed to grow stably. All phosphorus was removed, while only 50-70 % nitrogen was recovered, indicating phosphorus limitation. Shortening the hydraulic retention time (HRT) or phosphorus dosing resulted in increased nitrogen removal. C. vulgaris cultivation was unstable at 3 days HRT or when supplied with extra phosphorus at 5 days HRT. D. magna grew on produced algae accumulating protein at 20-30 % of dry weight, with an amino acid profile favorable for use as high value fish feed. Thus, this study demonstrates the application of a two steps multitrophic process to assimilate residual nutrients into live feeds suitable for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Gorzelnik
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads 228A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads 228A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marja Koski
- National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Kemitorvet 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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10
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Füzi B, Mathai N, Kirchmair J, Ecker GF. Toxicity prediction using target, interactome, and pathway profiles as descriptors. Toxicol Lett 2023; 381:20-26. [PMID: 37061207 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
In silico methods are essential to the safety evaluation of chemicals. Computational risk assessment offers several approaches, with data science and knowledge-based methods becoming an increasingly important sub-group. One of the substantial attributes of data science is that it allows using existing data to find correlations, build strong hypotheses, and create new, valuable knowledge that may help to reduce the number of resource intensive experiments. In choosing a suitable method for toxicity prediction, the available data and desired toxicity endpoint are two essential factors to consider. The complexity of the endpoint can impact the success rate of the in silico models. For highly complex endpoints such as hepatotoxicity, it can be beneficial to decipher the toxic event from a more systemic point of view. We propose a data science-based modelling pipeline that uses compounds` connections to tissue-specific biological targets, interactome, and biological pathways as descriptors of compounds. Models trained on different combinations of the collected, compound-target, compound-interactor, and compound-pathway profiles, were used to predict the hepatotoxicity of drug-like compounds. Several tree-based models were trained, utilizing separate and combined target, interactome and pathway level variables. The model using combined descriptors of all levels and the random forest algorithm was further optimized. Descriptor importance for model performance was addressed and examined for a biological explanation to define which targets or pathways can have a crucial role in toxicity. Descriptors connected to cytochromes P450 enzymes, heme degradation and biological oxidation received high weights. Furthermore, the involvement of other, less discussed processes in connection with toxicity, such as the involvement of RHO GTPase effectors in hepatotoxicity, were marked as fundamental. The optimized combined model using only the selected descriptors yielded the best performance with an accuracy of 0.766. The same dataset using classical Morgan fingerprints for compound representation yielded models with similar performance measures, as well as the combination of systems biology-based descriptors and Morgan fingerprints. Consequently, adding the structural information of compounds did not enhance the predictive value of the models. The developed systems biology-based pipeline comprises a valuable tool in predicting toxicity, while providing novel insights about the possible mechanisms of the unwanted events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Füzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Neann Mathai
- Department of Chemistry and Computational Biology Init (CBU), University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Chemistry and Computational Biology Init (CBU), University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gerhard F Ecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Sivapalan S, Dharmalingam S, Venkatesan V, Angappan M, Ashokkumar V. Phytochemical analysis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity of Calotropis gigantea and its therapeutic applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115963. [PMID: 36442758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbal remedies can be used to treat a variety of chronic inflammatory illnesses, like rheumatoid arthritis and leprosy. The plant Calotropis gigantea (C. gigantea) belongs to the family Apocynaceae. To treat numerous contagious diseases, C. gigantea is utilized alone or combine with certain medicinal herbs. Traditional Asian and African practitioners employed C. gigantea to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions like boils, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, leprosy and other disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of this study is to examine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of C. gigantea leaf extracts extracted using methanol, petroleum ether, and water. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leaf extracts of C. gigantea were obtained using the Soxhlet extraction technique. The phytoconstituents present in all three C. gigantea leaf extracts were confirmed by qualitative analysis, and the amounts of the alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols found in the extracts were quantified. C. gigantea crude extracts were subjected to a nitric oxide scavenging experiment to assess their free radical scavenging activities. Protein denaturation and proteinase inhibition assays were used to investigate the effectiveness of extracts to restrict denaturation of protein and to inhibit key enzymes responsible for tissue damage. Further, the membrane stabilization efficacy of plant extracts were examined by the heat-induced hemolysis method. The DPPH and FRAP experiments were performed to determine the antioxidant effectiveness of phytoconstituents extracted using different solvents. The GC-MS study of plant C. gigantea methanolic, aqueous and petroleum ether extracts displayed a broad range of compounds that possess beneficial therapeutic effects. RESULTS This study reveals that the methanolic extract of C. gigantea provides significantly more anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity than other extracts. CONCLUSION Compared to the aqueous and petroleum ether extracts, the methanolic leaf extract of C. gigantea demonstrated greater in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreewardhini Sivapalan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankari Dharmalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan
- Cell and Molecular Biology, ICRM- National Institute of Nutrition, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Gov of India, India
| | - Mangalagowri Angappan
- Centralized Instrumentation Laboratory, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Science University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Biorefineries for Biofuels & Bioproducts Laboratory (BBBL), Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveeta Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India; Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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12
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Jeong SY, Choi WS, Kwon OS, Lee JS, Son SY, Lee CH, Lee S, Song JY, Lee YJ, Lee JY. Extract of Pinus densiflora needles suppresses acute inflammation by regulating inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophages and mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1148-1159. [PMID: 35695008 PMCID: PMC9196672 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2079679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. (Pinaceae) needle extracts ameliorate oxidative stress, but research into their anti-inflammatory effects is limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a Pinus densiflora needles (PINE) ethanol extract in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells at various PINE concentrations (25, 50 and 100 μg/mL; but 6.25, 12.5 and 25 μg/mL for interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)). Thirty ICR mice were randomized to six groups: vehicle, control, PINE pre-treatment (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/left ear for 10 min followed by arachidonic acid treatment for 30 min) and dexamethasone. The posttreatment ear thickness and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. RESULTS PINE 100 μg/mL significantly decreased ROS (IC50, 70.93 μg/mL, p < 0.01), SOD (IC50, 30.99 μg/mL, p < 0.05), malondialdehyde (p < 0.01), nitric oxide (NO) (IC50, 27.44 μg/mL, p < 0.01) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (p < 0.05) levels. Interleukin-1β (p < 0.05) and PGE2 (p < 0.01) release decreased significantly with 25 μg/mL PINE. PINE 1 mg/ear inhibited LPS-stimulated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages and significantly inhibited ear oedema (36.73-15.04% compared to the control, p < 0.01) and MPO activity (167.94-105.59%, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS PINE exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators. Identified flavonoids such as taxifolin and quercetin glucoside can be attributed to effect of PINE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Yong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Seong Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Xue Q, Liu X, Zhu R, Zhang T, Dong X, Jiang Y. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics to understand chronic ethanol induced murine cardiotoxicity. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1345-1359. [PMID: 36309883 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse has attracted public attention and long-term alcohol exposure can lead to alcohol-featured non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the precise underlying mechanisms of alcoholic cardiomyopathy remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize alcohol abuse-mediated effects on downstream metabolites and genes transcription using a multi-omics strategy. We established chronic ethanol intoxication model in adult male C57BL/6 mice through 8 weeks of 95% alcohol vapor administration and performed metabolomics analysis, mRNA-seq and microRNA-seq analysis with myocardial tissues. Firstly, ethanol markedly induced ejection fraction reductions, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis in mice with myocardial oxidative injury. In addition, the omics analysis identified a total of 166 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), 241 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 19 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), respectively. The results highlighted that alcohol abuse mainly interfered with endogenous lipids, amino acids and nucleotides production and the relevant genes transcription in mice hearts. Based on KEGG database, the affected signaling pathways are primarily mapped to the antigen processing and presentation, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, AMPK signaling pathway, tyrosine metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway, etc. Furthermore, 9 hub genes related to oxidative stress from DEGs were selected based on function annotation, and potential alcoholic cardiotoxic oxidative stress biomarkers were determined through establishing PPI network and DEmiRNAs-DEGs cross-talk. Altogether, our data strongly supported the conclusion that ethanol abuse characteristically affected amino acid and energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and especially lipids metabolism in mice hearts, and underlined the values of lipids signaling and oxidative stress in the treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiupeng Xue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rongzhe Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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14
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Galindez SM, Keightley A, Koulen P. Differential distribution of steroid hormone signaling networks in the human choroid-retinal pigment epithelial complex. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:406. [PMID: 36266625 PMCID: PMC9583547 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a layer of pigmented cells that lies between the neurosensory retina and the underlying choroid, plays a critical role in maintaining the functional integrity of photoreceptor cells and in mediating communication between the neurosensory retina and choroid. Prior studies have demonstrated neurotrophic effects of select steroids that mitigate the development and progression of retinal degenerative diseases via an array of distinct mechanisms of action. Methods Here, we identified major steroid hormone signaling pathways and their key functional protein constituents controlling steroid hormone signaling, which are potentially involved in the mitigation or propagation of retinal degenerative processes, from human proteome datasets with respect to their relative abundances in the retinal periphery, macula, and fovea. Results Androgen, glucocorticoid, and progesterone signaling networks were identified and displayed differential distribution patterns within these three anatomically distinct regions of the choroid-retinal pigment epithelial complex. Classical and non-classical estrogen and mineralocorticoid receptors were not identified. Conclusion Identified differential distribution patterns suggest both selective susceptibility to chronic neurodegenerative disease processes, as well as potential substrates for drug target discovery and novel drug development focused on steroid signaling pathways in the choroid-RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M Galindez
- School of Medicine, Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Andrew Keightley
- School of Medicine, Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Peter Koulen
- School of Medicine, Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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15
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Li J, Sun M, Cui X, Li C. Protective Effects of Flavonoids against Alzheimer's Disease: Pathological Hypothesis, Potential Targets, and Structure-Activity Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710020. [PMID: 36077418 PMCID: PMC9456554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which there is no available cure. Currently, it is generally believed that AD is a disease caused by multiple factors, such as amyloid-beta accumulation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Multitarget prevention and treatment strategies for AD are recommended. Interestingly, naturally occurring dietary flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, have been reported to have multiple biological activities and anti-AD effects in several AD models owing to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic properties. In this review, we summarize and discuss the existing multiple pathogenic factors of AD. Moreover, we further elaborate on the biological activities of natural flavonoids and their potential mode of action and targets in managing AD by presenting a wide range of experimental evidence. The gathered data indicate that flavonoids can be regarded as prophylactics to slow the advancement of AD or avert its onset. Different flavonoids have different activities and varying levels of activity. Further, this review summarizes the structure–activity relationship of flavonoids based on the existing literature and can provide guidance on the design and selection of flavonoids as anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-351-701-9371 (J.L.); Fax: +86-351-701-1499 (J.L. & C.L.)
| | - Min Sun
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-351-701-9371 (J.L.); Fax: +86-351-701-1499 (J.L. & C.L.)
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16
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Metwally AA, Zhang T, Wu S, Kellogg R, Zhou W, Contrepois K, Tang H, Snyder M. Robust identification of temporal biomarkers in longitudinal omics studies. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:3802-3811. [PMID: 35762936 PMCID: PMC9344853 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Longitudinal studies increasingly collect rich 'omics' data sampled frequently over time and across large cohorts to capture dynamic health fluctuations and disease transitions. However, the generation of longitudinal omics data has preceded the development of analysis tools that can efficiently extract insights from such data. In particular, there is a need for statistical frameworks that can identify not only which omics features are differentially regulated between groups but also over what time intervals. Additionally, longitudinal omics data may have inconsistencies, including non-uniform sampling intervals, missing data points, subject dropout and differing numbers of samples per subject. RESULTS In this work, we developed OmicsLonDA, a statistical method that provides robust identification of time intervals of temporal omics biomarkers. OmicsLonDA is based on a semi-parametric approach, in which we use smoothing splines to model longitudinal data and infer significant time intervals of omics features based on an empirical distribution constructed through a permutation procedure. We benchmarked OmicsLonDA on five simulated datasets with diverse temporal patterns, and the method showed specificity greater than 0.99 and sensitivity greater than 0.87. Applying OmicsLonDA to the iPOP cohort revealed temporal patterns of genes, proteins, metabolites and microbes that are differentially regulated in male versus female subjects following a respiratory infection. In addition, we applied OmicsLonDA to a longitudinal multi-omics dataset of pregnant women with and without preeclampsia, and OmicsLonDA identified potential lipid markers that are temporally significantly different between the two groups. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION We provide an open-source R package (https://bioconductor.org/packages/OmicsLonDA), to enable widespread use. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Metwally
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Illumina Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA 92122, USA
- Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Tom Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryan Kellogg
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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17
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Needham H, Torpey G, Flores CC, Davis CJ, Vanderheyden WM, Gerstner JR. A Dichotomous Role for FABP7 in Sleep and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Hypothesis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:798994. [PMID: 35844236 PMCID: PMC9280343 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.798994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of intracellular lipid chaperone proteins known to play critical roles in the regulation of fatty acid uptake and transport as well as gene expression. Brain-type fatty acid binding protein (FABP7) is enriched in astrocytes and has been implicated in sleep/wake regulation and neurodegenerative diseases; however, the precise mechanisms underlying the role of FABP7 in these biological processes remain unclear. FABP7 binds to both arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), resulting in discrete physiological responses. Here, we propose a dichotomous role for FABP7 in which ligand type determines the subcellular translocation of fatty acids, either promoting wakefulness aligned with Alzheimer's pathogenesis or promoting sleep with concomitant activation of anti-inflammatory pathways and neuroprotection. We hypothesize that FABP7-mediated translocation of AA to the endoplasmic reticulum of astrocytes increases astrogliosis, impedes glutamatergic uptake, and enhances wakefulness and inflammatory pathways via COX-2 dependent generation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Conversely, we propose that FABP7-mediated translocation of DHA to the nucleus stabilizes astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle dynamics, preserves glutamatergic uptake, and promotes sleep by activating anti-inflammatory pathways through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ transcriptional cascade. Importantly, this model generates several testable hypotheses applicable to other neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Needham
- Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Grace Torpey
- Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Carlos C. Flores
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Davis
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - William M. Vanderheyden
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Jason R. Gerstner
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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Aiosa N, Sinha A, Jaiyesimi OA, da Silva RR, Branda SS, Garg N. Metabolomics Analysis of Bacterial Pathogen Burkholderia thailandensis and Mammalian Host Cells in Co-culture. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1646-1662. [PMID: 35767828 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Tier 1 HHS/USDA Select Agent Burkholderia pseudomallei is a bacterial pathogen that is highly virulent when introduced into the respiratory tract and intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. Transcriptomic- and proteomic-based methodologies have been used to investigate mechanisms of virulence employed by B. pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis, a convenient surrogate; however, analysis of the pathogen and host metabolomes during infection is lacking. Changes in the metabolites produced can be a result of altered gene expression and/or post-transcriptional processes. Thus, metabolomics complements transcriptomics and proteomics by providing a chemical readout of a biological phenotype, which serves as a snapshot of an organism's physiological state. However, the poor signal from bacterial metabolites in the context of infection poses a challenge in their detection and robust annotation. In this study, we coupled mammalian cell culture-based metabolomics with feature-based molecular networking of mono- and co-cultures to annotate the pathogen's secondary metabolome during infection of mammalian cells. These methods enabled us to identify several key secondary metabolites produced by B. thailandensis during infection of airway epithelial and macrophage cell lines. Additionally, the use of in silico approaches provided insights into shifts in host biochemical pathways relevant to defense against infection. Using chemical class enrichment analysis, for example, we identified changes in a number of host-derived compounds including immune lipids such as prostaglandins, which were detected exclusively upon pathogen challenge. Taken together, our findings indicate that co-culture of B. thailandensis with mammalian cells alters the metabolome of both pathogen and host and provides a new dimension of information for in-depth analysis of the host-pathogen interactions underlying Burkholderia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Aiosa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2000, United States
| | - Anupama Sinha
- Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Olakunle A Jaiyesimi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2000, United States
| | - Ricardo R da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café─Vila Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Steven S Branda
- Systems Biology, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Neha Garg
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2000, United States.,Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, ES&T, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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19
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Kheilnezhad B, Hadjizadeh A. Ibuprofen-Loaded Electrospun PCL/PEG Nanofibrous Membranes for Preventing Postoperative Abdominal Adhesion. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1766-1778. [PMID: 35389215 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibrous membranes are a widely used physical barrier for reducing postoperative adhesion. However, these physical barriers could not prevent adhesion formation completely. Because a high-intensity inflammation occurs in the surgical area, the presence of relevant drugs to control such an inflammation is desperately needed. In this study, we fabricated an electrospun composite ibuprofen-loaded poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous membrane (NFM) to prevent abdominal adhesions. This membrane aimed to act as a barrier between the abdominal wall and surrounding tissues, without interrupting mass transfer and normal wound healing. Among various fabricated composite NFMs, PCL/25PEG-6% NFMs showed the lowest fiber diameter (448.8 ± 124.4 nm), the smallest pore size (<2 μm), and moderate ultimate stress and strain. The PCL/25PEG-6% NFMs had the lowest water contact angle (≈75°) and the highest drug profile release (≈80%) within 14 days. Furthermore, in vitro toxicity examination of PCL/25PEG-6% toward fibroblast cells demonstrated a cell viability of ≈82% after 3 days, proving its prolonged antiadhesion ability. In addition, the low number of adherent cells with a rounded shape and low cell proliferation on these NFMs indicated their special antiadhesive effects. Collectively, these results indicated that the PCL/25PEG-6% membrane might be a suitable barrier to prevent abdominal adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Kheilnezhad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Afra Hadjizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
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20
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Das D, Sarkar S, Borsingh Wann S, Kalita J, Manna P. Current perspectives on the anti-inflammatory potential of fermented soy foods. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110922. [PMID: 35181093 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fermented soy foods (FSF) are gaining significant attention due to promising health benefits. In recent years, FSF are being studied extensively due to the presence of diverse functional ingredients including active isoflavones and peptides along with essential micronutrients. The process of fermentation is responsible for the enrichment of various bioactive principles in soy-based fermented foods and exclusion of some anti-nutrient factors which are found predominantly in raw soybeans. Emerging evidence suggests that FSF possess immense therapeutic potential against inflammation and associated pathological complications. Extracts prepared from various FSF (e.g. fermented soy paste, milk, and sauce) were found to exert promising anti-inflammatory effects in numerous in vitro and in vivo settings. Moreover, clinical findings highlighted an inverse relationship between consumption of FSF and the prevalence of chronic inflammatory disorders among the communities which habitually consume fermented soy products. Molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory role of FSF have been delineated in many literatures which collectively suggest that FSF extracts have regulatory actions over the expression and/or activity of several proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, and some other factors involved in the inflammatory pathways. The present review discusses the anti-inflammatory effects of FSF with mechanistic insights based upon the available findings from cell culture, preclinical, and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanjib Sarkar
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sawlang Borsingh Wann
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Research Planning and Business Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India.
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21
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A novel graph mining approach to predict and evaluate food-drug interactions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1061. [PMID: 35058561 PMCID: PMC8776972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-drug interactions (FDIs) arise when nutritional dietary consumption regulates biochemical mechanisms involved in drug metabolism. This study proposes FDMine, a novel systematic framework that models the FDI problem as a homogenous graph. Our dataset consists of 788 unique approved small molecule drugs with metabolism-related drug-drug interactions and 320 unique food items, composed of 563 unique compounds. The potential number of interactions is 87,192 and 92,143 for disjoint and joint versions of the graph. We defined several similarity subnetworks comprising food-drug similarity, drug-drug similarity, and food-food similarity networks. A unique part of the graph involves encoding the food composition as a set of nodes and calculating a content contribution score. To predict new FDIs, we considered several link prediction algorithms and various performance metrics, including the precision@top (top 1%, 2%, and 5%) of the newly predicted links. The shortest path-based method has achieved a precision of 84%, 60% and 40% for the top 1%, 2% and 5% of FDIs identified, respectively. We validated the top FDIs predicted using FDMine to demonstrate its applicability, and we relate therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects of food items informed by FDIs. FDMine is publicly available to support clinicians and researchers.
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22
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Hatton SL, Pandey MK. Fat and Protein Combat Triggers Immunological Weapons of Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems to Launch Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1089. [PMID: 35163013 PMCID: PMC8835271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, affecting up to 10 million people. This disease mainly happens due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons accountable for memory and motor function. Partial glucocerebrosidase enzyme deficiency and the resultant excess accumulation of glycosphingolipids and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation have been linked to predominant risk factors that lead to neurodegeneration and memory and motor defects in PD, with known and unknown causes. An increasing body of evidence uncovers the role of several other lipids and their association with α-syn aggregation, which activates the innate and adaptive immune system and sparks brain inflammation in PD. Here, we review the emerging role of a number of lipids, i.e., triglyceride (TG), diglycerides (DG), glycerophosphoethanolamines (GPE), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), sphingolipids, gangliosides, glycerophospholipids (GPL), and cholesterols, and their connection with α-syn aggregation as well as the induction of innate and adaptive immune reactions that trigger neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Loraine Hatton
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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23
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Li Z, Ma D, Peng L, Li Y, Liao Z, Yu T. Compatibility of Achyranthes bidentata components in reducing inflammatory response through Arachidonic acid pathway for treatment of Osteoarthritis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1746-1757. [PMID: 35001833 PMCID: PMC8805818 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Achyranthes bidentate is a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used in treating osteoarthritis (OA). The compatibility between effective components has now become a breakthrough in understanding the mechanism of TCM. This study aimed at determining the optimal compatibility and possible mechanism of Achyranthes bidentate for OA treatment. Results showed that the adhesion score of the OA group is higher than NC group, and showed a trend of down-regulation in the intervention group. The CHI3L1 and IL-1β in joint fluid of the OA group was significantly increased compared to the sham operation group (NC group). Group G, I, and L exhibited significantly down-regulated CHI3L1, while groups C, F, I, K, and L exhibited reduced IL-1β. Joint adhesion, damage in cartilage, and synovial tissue was found in the OA model, cartilage tissue was found recovered in groups I, J, and L, and synovial tissue was recovered in group G, I, and L. Thus, group I and L were chosen for metabolite analysis, and indole-3-propionic acid was slightly up-regulated, while koeiginequinone A, prostaglandin H2, and 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methylacridonew were down-regulated in group I and L. According to functional analysis, the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathway is enriched. Down-regulated expression of vital proteins in the AA metabolism pathway, such as PGE2 and COX2 in group I and L were verified. In conclusion, Hydroxyecdysone, Oleanolic acid, Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide at a compatibility of 0.03-μg/mg, 2.0-μg/mg, 20.0-μg/mg or 0.03-μg/mg, 2.0-μg/mg, 10.0-μg/mg, respectively, may be the optimal compatibility of Achyranthes bidentate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanzhu Li
- Master Bailing Liu's Tianchi Traumatology Inheritance Studio, Shenzhen Bailin Chinese Traditional Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dujun Ma
- Orthopedics Department, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Peng
- Orthopedics Department, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Second People's Hospital of Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhouwei Liao
- Orthopedics Department, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Orthopedics Department, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Luan M, Wang H, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhao F, Liu Z, Meng Q. Advances in Anti-inflammatory Activity, Mechanism and Therapeutic Application of Ursolic Acid. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:422-436. [PMID: 34517797 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210913113522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro studies reveal that Ursolic Acid (UA) is able to counteract endogenous and exogenous inflammatory stimuli and has favorable anti-inflammatory effects. The antiinflammatory mechanisms mainly include decreasing the release of histamine in mast cells, suppressing the activities of lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and phospholipase, and reducing the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, blocking the activation of the signal pathway, downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors, and inhibiting the activities of elastase and complement. These mechanisms can open up new avenues for the scientific community to develop or improve novel therapeutic approaches to tackle inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, neuroinflammation, liver diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes, dermatitis, bowel diseases, cancer. The anti-inflammatory activity, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ursolic acid and its therapeutic applications are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Luan
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Huiyun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, 276826, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhen Wang
- The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Zongliang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
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25
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Anti-Inflammatory Function of Fatty Acids and Involvement of Their Metabolites in the Resolution of Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312803. [PMID: 34884621 PMCID: PMC8657960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in many lung functions. Disorders of lipid metabolism are part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lipids are involved in numerous cross-linkages with inflammation. Recent studies strongly support the involvement of fatty acids as participants in inflammation. They are involved in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, including acting as a substrate for the formation of lipid mediators of inflammation resolution. Specialized pro-inflammatory mediators (SPMs) belonging to the classes of lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed enzymatically from unsaturated fatty acids, are now described. Disorders of their production and function are part of the pathogenesis of COPD. SPMs are currently the subject of active research in order to find new drugs. Short-chain fatty acids are another important participant in metabolic and immune processes, and their role in the pathogenesis of COPD is of great clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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26
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Dopkins N, Neameh WH, Hall A, Lai Y, Rutkovsky A, Gandy AO, Lu K, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M. Effects of Acute 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Exposure on the Circulating and Cecal Metabolome Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11801. [PMID: 34769237 PMCID: PMC8583798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a polyhalogenated planar hydrocarbon belonging to a group of highly toxic and persistent environmental contaminants known as "dioxins". TCDD is an animal teratogen and carcinogen that is well characterized for causing immunosuppression through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In this study, we investigated the effect of exposure of mice to an acute dose of TCDD on the metabolic profile within the serum and cecal contents to better define the effects of TCDD on host physiology. Our findings demonstrated that within the circulating metabolome following acute TCDD exposure, there was significant dysregulation in the metabolism of bioactive lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates when compared with the vehicle (VEH)-treated mice. These widespread changes in metabolite abundance were identified to regulate host immunity via modulating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) activity and work as biomarkers for a variety of organ injuries and dysfunctions that follow TCDD exposure. Within the cecal content of mice exposed to TCDD, we were able to detect changes in inflammatory markers that regulate NF-κB, markers of injury-related inflammation, and changes in lysine degradation, nicotinamide metabolism, and butanoate metabolism, which collectively suggested an immediate suppression of broad-scale metabolic processes in the gastrointestinal tract. Collectively, these results demonstrate that acute TCDD exposure results in immediate irregularities in the circulating and intestinal metabolome, which likely contribute to TCDD toxicity and can be used as biomarkers for the early detection of individual exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dopkins
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Wurood Hantoosh Neameh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Alina Hall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Alex Rutkovsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Alexa Orr Gandy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Prakash S. Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
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27
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Bai S, Xie J, Bai H, Tian T, Zou T, Chen JJ. Gut Microbiota-Derived Inflammation-Related Serum Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3755-3766. [PMID: 34393496 PMCID: PMC8354734 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s324922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although many works have been conducted to explore the biomarkers for diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD), the widely accepted biomarkers are still not identified. Thus, the combined application of serum metabolomics and fecal microbial communities was used to identify gut microbiota-derived inflammation-related serum metabolites as potential biomarkers for MDD. Methods MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Both serum samples and fecal samples were collected. The liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to detect the metabolites in serum samples, and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota compositions in fecal samples. Results Totally, 60 MDD patients and 60 HCs were recruited. The 24 differential serum metabolites were identified, and 10 of these were inflammation-related metabolites. Three significantly affected inflammation-related pathways were identified using differential metabolites. The 17 differential genera were identified, and 14 of these genera belonged to phyla Firmicutes. Four significantly affected inflammation-related pathways were identified using differential genera. Five inflammation-related metabolites (LysoPC(16:0), deoxycholic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, taurocholic acid and LysoPC(20:0)) were identified as potential biomarkers. These potential biomarkers had significant correlations with genera belonged to phyla Firmicutes. The panel consisting of these biomarkers could effectively distinguish MDD patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95 in training set and 0.92 in testing set. Conclusion These findings suggested that the disturbance of phyla Firmicutes might be involved in the onset of depression by regulating host’s inflammatory response, and these potential biomarkers could be useful for future investigating the objective methods for diagnosing MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Bai
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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28
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Kulkarni A, Nadler JL, Mirmira RG, Casimiro I. Regulation of Tissue Inflammation by 12-Lipoxygenases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:717. [PMID: 34064822 PMCID: PMC8150372 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are lipid metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the di-oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to generate active eicosanoid products. 12-lipoxygenases (12-LOXs) primarily oxygenate the 12th carbon of its substrates. Many studies have demonstrated that 12-LOXs and their eicosanoid metabolite 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (12-HETE), have significant pathological implications in inflammatory diseases. Increased level of 12-LOX activity promotes stress (both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum)-mediated inflammation, leading to damage in these tissues. 12-LOXs are also associated with enhanced cellular migration of immune cells-a characteristic of several metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme in animal models of various diseases has shown to be protective against disease development and/or progression in animal models in the setting of diabetes, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease, suggesting a translational potential of targeting the enzyme for the treatment of several disorders. In this article, we review the role of 12-LOXs in the pathogenesis of several diseases in which chronic inflammation plays an underlying role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | | | - Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
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Eveque-Mourroux M, Emans PJ, Boonen A, Claes BSR, Bouwman FG, Heeren RMA, Cillero-Pastor B. Heterogeneity of Lipid and Protein Cartilage Profiles Associated with Human Osteoarthritis with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2973-2982. [PMID: 33866785 PMCID: PMC8155553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial pathology and comprises a wide range of distinct phenotypes. In this context, the characterization of the different molecular profiles associated with each phenotype can improve the classification of OA. In particular, OA can coexist with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigates lipidomic and proteomic differences between human OA/T2DM- and OA/T2DM+ cartilage through a multimodal mass spectrometry approach. Human cartilage samples were obtained after total knee replacement from OA/T2DM- and OA/T2DM+ patients. Label-free proteomics was employed to study differences in protein abundance and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for spatially resolved-lipid analysis. Label-free proteomic analysis showed differences between OA/T2DM- and OA/T2DM+ phenotypes in several metabolic pathways such as lipid regulation. Interestingly, phospholipase A2 protein was found increased within the OA/T2DM+ cohort. In addition, MALDI-MSI experiments revealed that phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin species were characteristic of the OA/T2DM- group, whereas lysolipids were more characteristic of the OA/T2DM+ phenotype. The data also pointed out differences in phospholipid content between superficial and deep layers of the cartilage. Our study shows distinctively different lipid and protein profiles between OA/T2DM- and OA/T2DM+ human cartilage, demonstrating the importance of subclassification of the OA disease for better personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime
R. Eveque-Mourroux
- Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht
MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Emans
- Department
of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University
Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Annelies Boonen
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, and Care and Public
Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht
University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Britt S. R. Claes
- Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht
MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Freek G. Bouwman
- Department
of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research
in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical
Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht
MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht
MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
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30
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Deng Y, Liu B, Fu C, Gao L, Shen Y, Liu K, Li Q, Cao J, Mao W. Lipopolysaccharide stimulates bovine endometrium explants through toll‑like receptor 4 signaling and PGE 2 synthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 168:102272. [PMID: 33895679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bovine endometrium infection with gram-negative bacteria commonly causes uterine diseases. Previous studies indicate that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an inflammatory mediator in bacterial endometritis. However, the mechanism underlying lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response regulation in bovine endometrial explants remains elusive. In the present study, bovine explants were pre-treated with 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) inhibitors before LPS stimulation. PGE2 secretion, prostaglandin synthetase, pro-inflammatory factor, damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), and related signaling pathway factor levels were evaluated. Using 15-PGDH inhibitors pre-treatment, LPS-treated bovine endometrial explants exhibited augmentation of PGE2 and DAMP expression, and upregulation of various signaling pathway factors. Protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation and degradation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitors were induced in the pre-treated endometrial explants. The mechanism underlying LPS-induced PGE2 accumulation acting as a pro-inflammatory mediator through toll-like receptor 4 signaling in bovine explants could involve the PKA, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, 014040, Baotou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Long Gao
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, 014040, Baotou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, 014040, Baotou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Qianru Li
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, 014040, Baotou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China.
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China.
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Simultaneous Quantitation of Lipid Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using LC-MS/MS. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020106. [PMID: 33673198 PMCID: PMC7918109 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are key mediators and regulators of inflammation and oxidative stress that are often used as biomarkers for severity and therapeutic responses in various diseases. We here report a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of at least 66 key eicosanoids in a widely used murine model of colitis. Chromatographic separation was achieved with Shim-Pack XR-ODSIII, 150 × 2.00 mm, 2.2 µm. The mobile phase was operated in gradient conditions and consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% acetic acid in water with a total flow of 0.37 mL/min. This method is sensitive, with a limit of quantification ranging from 0.01 to 1 ng/mL for the various analytes, has a large dynamic range (200 ng/mL), and a total run time of 25 min. The inter- and intraday accuracy (85-115%), precision (≥85%), and recovery (40-90%) met the acceptance criteria per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. This method was successfully applied to evaluate eicosanoid metabolites in mice subjected to colitis versus untreated, healthy control mice. In summary, we developed a highly sensitive and fast LC-MS/MS method that can be used to identify biomarkers for inflammation and potentially help in prognosis of the disease in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, including the response to therapy.
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32
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Discovery of novel urea-diarylpyrazole hybrids as dual COX-2/sEH inhibitors with improved anti-inflammatory activity and highly reduced cardiovascular risks. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yakah W, Singh P, Perides G, Brown J, Freedman SD, Martin CR. Developmental Accretion of Docosahexaenoic Acid Is Independent of Fatty Acid Transporter Expression in Brain and Lung Tissues of C57BL/6 and Fat1 Mice. J Nutr 2019; 149:1724-1731. [PMID: 31179494 PMCID: PMC6768804 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental expression of fatty acid transporters and their role in polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in the postnatal period have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that transporter expression is developmentally regulated, tissue-specific, and that expression can modulate fatty acid accretion independently of diet. METHODS Brain and lung transporter expression were quantified in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Fat1 mice. Pups were dam-fed until day 21. Dams were fed AIN-76A 10% corn oil to represent a typical North American/European diet. After weaning, mice were fed the same diet as dams. Gene expression of Fatp1, Fatp4, Fabp5, and Fat/cd36 was quantified by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Fatty acid concentrations were measured by GC-MS. RESULTS Brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations increased from day 3 to day 28 in both genotypes, with higher concentrations at days 3 and 14 in Fat1 than in WT mice [median (IQR)]: 10.7 (10.6-11.2) mol% compared with 6.6 (6.4-7.2) mol% and 12.5 (12.4-12.9) mol% compared with 8.9 (8.7-9.1) mol%, respectively; P < 0.05). During DHA accrual, transporter expression decreased. Fold changes in brain Fatp4, Fabp5, and Fat/cd36 were inversely correlated with fold changes in brain DHA concentrations in Fat1 relative to WT mice (ρ = -0.85, -0.75, and -0.78, respectively; P ≤ 0.001). Lung DHA concentrations were unchanged across the 3 time points for both genotypes. Despite unchanging DHA concentrations, there was increased expression of Fatp1 at days 14 and 28 (5-fold), Fatp4 at day 14 (2.3-fold), and Fabp5 at day 14 (3.8-fold) relative to day 3 in Fat1 mice. In WT mice, Fatp1 increased almost 5-fold at day 28 relative to day 3. There was no correlation between lung transporters and DHA concentrations in Fat1 relative to WT mice. CONCLUSIONS Development of fatty acid transporter expression in C57BL/6 WT and Fat1 mice is genotype and tissue specific. Further, postnatal accretion of brain DHA appears independent of transporter status, with tissue concentrations representing dietary contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Yakah
- Department of Neuroscience, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | | | | | | | - Steven D Freedman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA,Division of Translational Research, Boston, MA
| | - Camilia R Martin
- Division of Translational Research, Boston, MA,Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to CRM (e-mail: )
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Trinh HKT, Lee SH, Cao TBT, Park HS. Asthma pharmacotherapy: an update on leukotriene treatments. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:1169-1178. [PMID: 31544544 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1670640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with a large heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes. There has been increasing interest regarding the role of cysteinyl leukotriene (LT) and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) in asthma treatment.Areas covered: This review summarized the data (published in PubMed during 1984-2019) regarding LTRA treatment in asthma and LTs-related airway inflammation mechanisms. Involvement of LTs C4/D4/E4 has been demonstrated in the several aspects of airway inflammation and remodeling. Novel pathways related to LTE4, the most potent mediator, and its respective receptors have recently been studied. Antagonists against cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLTR) type 1, including montelukast, pranlukast and zafirlukast, have been widely prescribed in clinical practices; however, some clinical trials have shown insignificant responses to LTRAs in adult asthmatics, while some phenotypes of adult asthma showed more favorable responses to LTRAs including aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, elderly asthma, asthma associated with smoking, obesity and allergic rhinitis.Expert opinion: Further investigations are needed to understand the role of LTs in airway inflammation and remodeling of the asthmatic airways. There is a lack of biomarkers to predict responsiveness to LTRA, especially in adult asthmatics. Besides CysLTR1 antagonists, targets aiming other LT pathways should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Kim Tu Trinh
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - So-Hee Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Ludwig EK, Brandon Wiese R, Graham MR, Tyler AJ, Settlage JM, Werre SR, Petersson-Wolfe CS, Kanevsky-Mullarky I, Dahlgren LA. Serum and Synovial Fluid Serum Amyloid A Response in Equine Models of Synovitis and Septic Arthritis. Vet Surg 2016; 45:859-867. [PMID: 27580707 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the serum and synovial fluid serum amyloid A (SAA) response in equine models of synovitis and septic arthritis and to compare handheld and validated immunoturbidometric assays for SAA quantification. STUDY DESIGN Controlled, experimental study. ANIMALS Healthy adult horses (n = 9). METHODS Synovitis (n = 4) and septic arthritis (n = 5) were induced using lipopolysaccharide and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, and serial serum and synovial fluid samples were collected. Serial synovial fluid cytology was performed for both models and synovial fluid from the septic arthritis model was submitted for bacterial culture. Serum and synovial fluid SAA were quantified by handheld test and immunoturbidometric assay. Cytologic and SAA data were compared within and between models (mixed model ANOVA) and results of SAA assays were compared using category-by-category analysis (weighted kappa coefficient). RESULTS Synovial fluid total nucleated cell counts and total protein increased significantly following induction of both models. Serum and synovial fluid SAA remained normal in synovitis horses and increased significantly in septic arthritis horses. Serum SAA increased more rapidly than synovial fluid SAA. Agreement was 98% when SAA concentrations were low (<50 μg/mL) but the assays diverged when concentrations were greater than ∼100 μg/mL. Overall, there was good category-by-category agreement between SAA assays (weighted kappa = 0.824). CONCLUSION Serum and synovial fluid SAA may be useful adjuncts in diagnosing septic arthritis in horses. SAA concentrations for the assays diverged and examination using a larger sample size is needed before direct numeric comparisons between the assays can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa K Ludwig
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - R Brandon Wiese
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Megan R Graham
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Amelia J Tyler
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Julie M Settlage
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | | | - Isis Kanevsky-Mullarky
- Department of Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Linda A Dahlgren
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
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36
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Bergero D, Miraglia N, Schiavone A, Polidori M, Prola L. Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and Vitamin E on serum oxidative status in horses performing very light exercise. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2004.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Comparison of a new metamizole formulation and carprofen for extended post-operative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet J 2015; 204:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Mrljak V, Kučer N, Kuleš J, Tvarijonaviciute A, Brkljačić M, Crnogaj M, Zivičnjak T, Smit I, Ceron JJ, Rafaj RB. Serum concentrations of eicosanoids and lipids in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis. Vet Parasitol 2014; 201:24-30. [PMID: 24468427 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease with world-wide significance caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia. The eicosanoids, as inflammatory mediators, are involved in the regulation of the immune response and inflammatory reaction. Metabolism of lipids is of great importance in babesiosis. In this study it was aimed to investigate the dynamics of serum concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TxB2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), triglycerides, total cholesterol (Chol), HDL- and LDL-cholesterol in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis and healthy dogs. Both groups were measured for all parameters on the admission day and on the first, second and seventh day of the disease. Dogs that were included in this study had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). It was demonstrated that the level of LTB4, PGE2, TxB2 in dogs naturally infected with B. canis significantly changed during the disease. The level of LTB4 was significantly higher during the study, while the concentration of PGE2 was significantly higher second, third and seventh day of disease in relation with healthy dogs. The level of TxB2 was significantly lower at the beginning of the disease, but after seven days concentration was significantly higher. Both group of patients with SIRS and MODS had significantly higher level of LTB4. Substained high concentrations of PGE2 were observed in dogs with MODS after therapy but not in dogs with SIRS, and LTB4 followed a similar tendency. On the other hand, increases in TxB2 were only significant in dogs with SIRS. The lipid profile in naturally infected dogs with B. canis infection was significantly changed. Further studies are needed to assess the prognostic values of lipid mediators in dogs with B. canis infection, and the ability of these markers to predict the progress of SIRS and MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nada Kučer
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Kuleš
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mirna Brkljačić
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Crnogaj
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Zivičnjak
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Smit
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jose Joaquin Ceron
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Renata Barić Rafaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Lees P, Cheng Z, Keefe TJ, Weich E, Bryd J, Cedergren R, Cozzi E. Bioequivalence in dogs of a meloxicam formulation administered as a transmucosal oral mist with an orally administered pioneer suspension product. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:78-84. [PMID: 22533512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Lees
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, Herts, UK
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Nitroalkylation--a redox sensitive signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:777-84. [PMID: 21723375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox-sensitive posttranslational modification emerged as important signaling mechanisms. Besides other posttranslational modifications nitroalkylation by nitrated fatty acids mediate favorable anti-inflammatory effects. This review gives an overview of the generation and the reactivity of nitrated fatty acids. Additionally, it provides insights into the so far described pathways regulated by nitrated fatty acids. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Regulation of Cellular Processes by S-nitrosylation.
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41
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SILVER IA, JEFFCOTT LB, ROSSDALE PD. Fifty years of the British Equine Veterinary Association as a facilitator of progress in equine clinical science. Equine Vet J 2011; 43:618-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Panzani S, Villani M, McGladdery A, Magri M, Kindahl H, Galeati G, Martino PA, Veronesi MC. Concentrations of 15-ketodihydro-PGF2alpha, cortisol, and progesterone in the plasma of healthy and pathologic newborn foals. Theriogenology 2009; 72:1032-40. [PMID: 19748663 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Information regarding the plasma hormone profiles of prostaglandins (PGs), cortisol (C), and progesterone (P4) during pathologic processes in newborn foals is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma concentrations of these hormones in diseased foals (n=40) and healthy at-term foals (n=24) (Equus caballus) during the first 2 weeks of life. Blood samples were collected daily, before any treatment with nonsteroidal drugs in diseased foals, and plasma was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. 15-Ketodihydro-PGF(2alpha) (PGM) was consistently higher in diseased foals than in healthy foals, probably related to roles of PGs in completing organ maturation and/or the presence of oxidative stress or inflammation. Similar trends were observed for C and P4. In diseased newborns, only PGM was significantly higher in nonsurviving foals, although C showed a similar profile. When specific diseases were considered, the levels of PGM and C were lower in premature foals at 12h of life, whereas the concentration of P4 was higher than in controls. The results of this study demonstrate the differences in plasma hormone levels between healthy and pathologic newborn foals, particularly during the first 2 d of life, probably reflecting the inability of diseased foals to cope with the transition between fetal and neonatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Panzani
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Inflammatory responses to three modes of intense exercise in Standardbred mares – a pilot study. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s1478061509294448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
The medical treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in the horse is one of the most utilized therapeutic regimens in the equine practice. It is important to understand the anatomy of synovial joints and the pathophysiology of the disease process to treat OA adequately. Once a thorough understanding of the disease process is comprehended the proper combination of systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), intraarticular steroids, viscosupplementation and chondroprotectants can be used to treat the disease and inhibit further progression of degenerative changes to the cartilage surface. The equine practitioner is faced with many choices for controlling inflammation in OA. This review presents the background and appropriate uses of various NSAIDs such as phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, naproxen, and carprofen as well as their associated toxicities. Various steroid formulations exist for intraarticular (IA) administration and much has been learned in the past decade regarding correct dosage, frequency of administrations, indications and toxicity. This review presents IA steroids and their indications in addition to various chondroprotective drugs that also exist to control inflammation and provide viscosupplementation. Data are also given on disease modifying OA drugs such as glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate that have more recently become available to the equine practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie R Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA.
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Sidhu PK, Landoni MF, Lees P. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of tolfenamic acid and marbofloxacin in goats. Res Vet Sci 2006; 80:79-90. [PMID: 16005916 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Revised: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in goats of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug tolfenamic acid (TA), administered both alone and in combination with the fluoroquinolone marbofloxacin (MB), were established in a tissue cage model of acute inflammation. Both drugs were injected intramuscularly at a dose rate of 2 mg kg(-1). After administration of TA alone and TA+MB pharmacokinetic parameters of TA (mean values) were Cmax=1.635 and 1.125 microg ml(-1), AUC=6.451 and 3.967 microgh ml(-1), t1/2K10=2.618 and 2.291 h, Vdarea/F=1.390 and 1.725Lkg(-1), and ClB/F=0.386 and 0.552 L kg(-1) h(-1), respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. Tolfenamic acid inhibited prostaglandin (PG)E2 synthesis in vivo in inflammatory exudate by 53-86% for up to 48 h after both TA treatments. Inhibition of synthesis of serum thromboxane (Tx)B2 ex vivo ranged from 16% to 66% up to 12h after both TA and TA+MB, with no significant differences between the two treatments. From the pharmacokinetic and eicosanoid inhibition data for TA, pharmacodynamic parameters after dosing with TA alone for serum TxB2 and exudate PGE2 expressing efficacy (Emax=69.4 and 89.7%), potency (IC50=0.717 and 0.073 microg ml(-1)), sensitivity (N=3.413 and 1.180) and equilibration time (t1/2Ke0=0.702 and 16.52 h), respectively, were determined by PK-PD modeling using an effect compartment model. In this model TA was a preferential inhibitor of COX-2 (COX-1:COX-2 IC50 ratio=12:1). Tolfenamic acid, both alone and co-administered with MB, did not affect leucocyte numbers in exudate, transudate or blood. Compared to placebo significant attenuation of skin temperature rise over inflamed tissue cages was obtained after administration of TA and TA+MB with no significant differences between the two treatments. Marbofloxacin alone did not significantly affect serum TxB2 and exudate PGE2 concentrations or rise in skin temperature over exudate tissue cages. These data provide a basis for the rational use of TA in combination with MB in goat medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Sidhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
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46
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Abstract
Equine uterine infections inflict major losses on the equine industry. Persistent inflammation of the oviduct and uterus leads to loss of the conceptus and mares susceptible to infection have weakened uterine defences partly due to retention of inflammatory exudate. Bacteria may trigger inflammation, resist phagocytosis, or adhere to the endometrium and types of infection range from genital commensals in susceptible mares to reproductive pathogens in normal mares. Uterine infections are diagnosed by history, detection of uterine inflammation, and isolation of typical organisms and susceptible mares may be identified by detection of intrauterine fluid during oestrus, or at 6-48 h post-breeding. Therapy includes oxytocin, uterine lavage, antibiotics, and prostaglandin analogues and clinical studies indicate additive benefits of oxytocin and antibiotics. Improved conception rates have been associated with autologous, intrauterine plasma, despite controversy about its bactericidal efficacy. Because of the potential for endometrial damage, intrauterine antiseptics require caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Causey
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences and the Maine Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5735, USA.
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Abstract
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that has applications as a diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic technique. Specialized equipment is necessary to perform equine laparoscopy, and there is a large range of instruments, both disposable and non-disposable available. Laparoscopic procedures described include ovariectomy, cryptorchidectomy, adhesiolysis and herniorrhaphy. Laparoscopy can be performed in a standing or dorsally recumbent position, depending on surgeon preference, patient status and the procedure to be performed. Stapling equipment is frequently used in gastrointestinal surgery in horses. Advantages include decreased surgical time and a decrease in the risk of contamination. Stapling equipment is often used in creating anastomoses, both in the large and small intestines, as well as in vessel ligation. New surgical techniques intended to decrease adhesion formation include the use of carboxymethylcellulose and bioresorbable patches. Indwelling abdominal drains can be used for peritoneal lavage following surgery and also appear to decrease the risk of adhesion formation. Improvements in post-operative care, including the treatment of post-operative ileus and endotoxaemia can significantly improve the outcome of horses that have undergone surgery for abdominal disorders. Recommendations for the use of prokinetic agents in horses with ileus vary widely. Prokinetic agents include local anaesthetics, macrolide antimicrobials, cholinergic agonists and dopamine antagonists. Endotoxaemia is common in horses following surgery for gastrointestinal disorders. The antibiotic polymyxin B binds to the circulating endotoxin molecule, decreasing its half-life in the intra-vascular space and reducing associated inflammation. This drug appears to be an effective and affordable treatment option for horses with endotoxaemia. The use of specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors in veterinary medicine have been studied recently. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors may provide comparable anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties to the non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs appear to have similar clinical effectiveness and will hopefully minimize deleterious side effects. The optimal healing of ventral midline incisions in horses is related to many factors including appropriate suture patterns and bite size, in addition to appropriate post-operative exercise recommendations. Recent advances in surgical techniques and post-operative care should decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with abdominal surgery. This article provides an overview of some of these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Smith
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University Veterinary Centre, University of Sydney, Werombi Road, New South Wales 2570, Australia
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48
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Stafford KJ, Mellor DJ. Dehorning and disbudding distress and its alleviation in calves. Vet J 2005; 169:337-49. [PMID: 15848777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dehorning and disbudding are routine painful procedures carried out on cattle to facilitate management. The pain caused by these procedures and its alleviation may be evaluated by monitoring behaviour and physiological responses, and by measuring their effects on weight gain. The cortisol response to cautery disbudding is significantly smaller than that to amputation dehorning which infers that the latter is more painful. Amputation dehorning stimulates a defined cortisol response with a rapid rise to a peak value within 30 min followed by a decline to a plateau which then declines to pre-treatment values after about 8 h. A cornual nerve blockade using lignocaine virtually eliminates the escape behaviour seen during disbudding and dehorning and reduces the plasma cortisol response to dehorning for about 2 h. Thereafter there is an increase in the plasma cortisol concentration, a delayed response, which lasts for about 6 h. A cornual nerve blockade, using lignocaine combined with cauterizing the wound caused by amputation dehorning, virtually eliminates the cortisol response as does combining a lignocaine blockade with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen. When xylazine is combined with a cornual nerve blockade using lignocaine before dehorning, the cortisol response is virtually eliminated for about 3 h. When this regime is used before cautery disbudding and includes a NSAID given before and after disbudding the behaviour of calves so treated suggests that pain may be alleviated for 24 h. Cautery disbudding is preferable to amputation dehorning, but for optimal pain relief xylazine sedation, local anaesthesia and a NSAID should be used with both procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Stafford
- Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Sidhu PK, Landoni MF, Lees P. Influence of marbofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tolfenamic acid in calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2005; 28:109-19. [PMID: 15720523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of tolfenamic acid (TA) in calves were determined in serum and fluids of inflamed (carrageenan administered) and non-inflamed subcutaneously implanted tissue cages after intramuscular administration both alone and in combination with marbofloxacin (MB). MB significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of TA: mean values were Cmax = 2.14 and 1.64 microg/mL, AUC = 27.38 and 16.80 microg.h/mL, Vd(area)/F = 0.87 and 1.17 L/kg, and ClB/F = 0.074 and 0.128 L/kg/h, respectively, after administration of TA alone and TA + MB. T(1/2)K10 and MRT were not significantly different for the two treatments. The pharmacodynamic properties of TA were not influenced by MB co-administration, in spite of the alterations in some TA pharmacokinetic parameters. TA inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in vivo in inflammatory exudate by 50-88% for up to 48 h after both TA treatments. Inhibition of synthesis of serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2) ex vivo ranged from 40 to 85% up to 24 h after both TA and TA + MB. From the derived pharmacokinetic and eicosanoid inhibition data for TA, pharmacodynamic parameters for serum TxB2 and exudate PGE2 inhibition expressing efficacy (Emax = 78.1 and 97.5%), potency (IC50 = 0.256 and 0.265 microg/mL), sensitivity (N = 1.96 and 2.29) and the pharmacokinetic parameter equilibration time (t(1/2)K(e0) = 0.695 and 24.0 h), respectively, were determined. In this model TA was a nonselective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) (COX-1:COX-2 IC50 ratio = 1.37). TA, both alone and co-administered with MB, did not affect leucocyte numbers in exudate, transudate or blood. Partial attenuation of skin temperature rise over inflamed tissue cages and reduction of zymosan-induced skin swelling were recorded after administration of TA and TA + MB with no significant differences between the two treatments. These data provide a basis for the rational use of TA in combination with MB in calf medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Sidhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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50
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Kim JH, Ryu KH, Jung KW, Han CK, Kwak WJ, Cho YB. Effects of SKI306X on Arachidonate Metabolism and Other Inflammatory Mediators. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:1615-20. [PMID: 16141526 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SKI306X was previously reported to have good anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy in various studies. To determine its mode of action, an investigation was carried out for some representative mediators. Arachidonic acid metabolism and its products are particularly important in inflammation and pain. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), and induced nitric oxide (NO) appear to be most involved in the inflammatory process such as osteoarthritis (OA). Thus SKI306X was tested to determine the effects on enzymes related to arachidonic acid metabolism and the release or synthesis of inflammatory mediators. SKI306X did inhibit the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme without affecting COX-1 and COX-2 activity. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production also was inhibited by SKI306X (IC50 = 98.7+/-4.26 microg/ml). SKI306X inhibited significantly TNF-alpha release (IC50 = 97.6+/-17.8 microg/ml) and NO production (IC50 = 280+/-17.8 microg/ml). But IL-1alpha release was not attenuated by SKI306X. This study suggests that inhibition of these mediators by SKI306X may be one of the mechanisms responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyon Kim
- Life Science Research Center, SK Chemicals, Suwon-Si, Kyungki-Do, Korea
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