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Carter MQ, Carychao D, Lindsey RL. Conditional expression of flagellar motility, curli fimbriae, and biofilms in Shiga toxin- producing Escherichia albertii. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1456637. [PMID: 39318426 PMCID: PMC11420993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1456637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen. We previously reported that some avian Shiga toxin-producing E. albertii strains exhibited higher or comparable cytotoxicity in Vero-d2EGFP cells with several enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) outbreak strains. To better understand the environmental persistence of this pathogen, comparative genomics and phenotypic assays were applied to assess adhesion capability, motility, and biofilm formation in E. albertii. Among the 108 adherence-related genes, those involved in biogenesis of curli fimbriae, hemorrhagic E. coli pilus, type 1 fimbriae, and Sfm fimbriae were conserved in E. albertii. All 20 E. albertii strains carried a complete set of primary flagellar genes that were organized into four gene clusters, while five strains possessed genes related to the secondary flagella, also known as lateral flagella. Compared to EHEC strain EDL933, the eight chemotaxis genes located within the primary flagellar gene clusters were deleted in E. albertii. Additional deletion of motility genes flhABCD and motBC was identified in several E. albertii strains. Swimming motility was detected in three strains when grown in LB medium, however, when grown in 5% TSB or in the pond water-supplemented with 10% pigeon droppings, an additional four strains became motile. Although all E. albertii strains carried curli genes, curli fimbriae were detected only in four, eight, and nine strains following 24, 48, and 120 h incubation, respectively. Type 1 fimbriae were undetectable in any of the strains grown at 37°C or 28°C. Strong biofilms were detected in strains that produced curli fimbriae and in a chicken isolate that was curli fimbriae negative but carried genes encoding adhesive fimbriae K88, a signature of enterotoxigenic E. coli strains causing neonatal diarrhea in piglets. In all phenotypic traits examined, no correlation was revealed between the strains isolated from different sources, or between the strains with and without Shiga toxin genes. The phenotypic variations could not be explained solely by the genetic diversity or the difference in adherence genes repertoire, implying complex regulation in expression of various adhesins. Strains that exhibited a high level of cytotoxicity and were also proficient in biofilm production, may have potential to emerge into high-risk pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Qiu Carter
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Diana Carychao
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca L Lindsey
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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El-Gendy NM, Amer A, Ibrahim HA, Abou-Okada M. Microbiological quality assessment of Clarias gariepinus, Bagrus bajad, and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fillets. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13305. [PMID: 38858383 PMCID: PMC11164913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, 80 catfish fillets were randomly collected from Egyptian local markets and retailers. The samples included 20 African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), 20 bayad (Bagrus bajad), and 40 pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fillets. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fillet samples were divided into 20 white basa and 20 red basa fillets. We conducted a microbiological analysis of catfish fillet samples, evaluating mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrophilic aerobic bacteria, H2S-producing bacteria, Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms, and fecal Coliform counts. Additionally, we identified the existence of Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Yersinia spp., Escherichia spp., Aeromonas spp., and Pseudomonas spp. in the catfish fillet samples. In our study, the psychrophilic bacterial counts in Bagrus bajad (5.21 log CFU/g) were found to be higher compared to the counts in Clarias gariepinus (4.31 log CFU/g) and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (3.89-4.7 log CFU/g). The fecal Coliform in Clarias gariepinus fillets was significantly higher than in other catfish fillets. We isolated Escherichia coli, Escherichia fergusonii, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas luteola from the catfish fillets, while no Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., or Yersinia spp. were detected. These isolates were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, ten Escherichia spp. were serologically identified, revealing that O26 and O78 were the most commonly occurring serotypes. This study highlights the microbiological analysis conducted on catfish fillets and concludes that the fillet samples from these catfish were of superior quality and deemed acceptable for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M El-Gendy
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Amr Amer
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Hossam A Ibrahim
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abou-Okada
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Hirose S, Konishi N, Sato M, Suzumura K, Obata H, Ohtsuka K, Doi R, Goto K, Kai A, Arai S, Hara-Kudo Y. Growth and Survival of Escherichia albertii in Food and Environmental Water at Various Temperatures. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100249. [PMID: 38382708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen that causes diarrhea. E. albertii has been isolated from various foods, including pork and chicken meat, and environmental waters, such as river water. Although many food poisoning cases have been reported, there have been insufficient analyses of bacterial population behaviors in food and environmental water. In this study, we inoculated 2-5 log CFU of E. albertii into 25 g of pork, chicken meat, Japanese rock oyster, Pacific oyster, and 300 mL of well water and seawater at 4°C, 10°C, 20°C, and 30°C, and analyzed the bacterial population behavior in food and environmental water. After 3 days at 4°C, the population of E. albertii strain EA21 and EA24 in foods maintained approximately 4 log CFU/25 g. After 3 days at 10°C, the population of E. albertii strains in pork and oysters maintained approximately 4 log CFU/25 g, and that in chicken meat increased to approximately 5-6 log CFU/25 g. After 2 days at 20°C, E. albertii strains grew to approximately 6-7 log CFU/25 g in pork and chicken meat, and E. albertii strain EA21 but not EA24 grew to 4.5 log CFU/25 g in Japanese rock oyster, E. albertii strain EA21 but not EA24 slightly grew to 3.1 log CFU/25 g in Pacific oyster. After 1 day at 30°C, E. albertii strains grew to approximately 7-8 log CFU/25 g in chicken meat and pork, grew to approximately 4-6 log CFU/25 g in Japanese rock oyster, and 6-7 log CFU/25 g in Pacific oyster. These results suggest that E. albertii survives without growth below 4°C and grew rapidly at 20°C and 30°C in foods, especially in meat. E. albertii strains did not grow in well water and seawater at 4°C, 10°C, 20°C, and 30°C. The population of E. albertii strains in well water and seawater decreased faster at 30°C than at 4°C, 10°C, and 20°C, suggesting that E. albertii has low viability at 30°C in environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhei Hirose
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Noriko Konishi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinju-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Mika Sato
- Saitama Institute of Public Health, 410-1 Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Kyouhei Suzumura
- Department of Oceanography, Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan
| | - Hiromi Obata
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinju-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ohtsuka
- Saitama Institute of Public Health, 410-1 Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Rie Doi
- Saitama Institute of Public Health, 410-1 Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Keiichi Goto
- Department of Oceanography, Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan
| | - Akemi Kai
- Japan Food Hygiene Association, 2-5-47, Tadao, Machida-city, Tokyo 194-0035, Japan
| | - Sakura Arai
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Rawi MH, Tan HY, Sarbini SR. Identification of acacia gum fermenting bacteria from pooled human feces using anaerobic enrichment culture. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1245042. [PMID: 37881253 PMCID: PMC10597704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1245042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercial acacia gum (AG) used in this study is a premium-grade free-flowing powder. It is a gummy exudate composed of arabinogalactan branched polysaccharide, a biopolymer of arabinose and galactose. Also known as food additive, acacia gum (E414), which is presently marketed as a functional dietary fiber to improve overall human gut health. The health effects may be related to the luminal pH regulation from the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. Studies suggested that amylolytic and butyrogenic pathways are the major factors determining the SCFA outcome of AG in the lower gut. However, the primary bacteria involved in the fermentation have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the putative primary degraders of acacia gum in the gut ecosystem. Isolation and identification of gum-fermenting bacteria were performed through enrichment culture fermentation. The experiment was conducted in an anaerobic chamber for 144 h in three stages. The study was conducted in triplicate using an anaerobic chamber system. This culture system allows specific responses to support only bacteria that are responsible for gum fermentation among the gut microbiota. Five bacterial strains were isolated and found to be gum-fermenting bacteria. Based on the 16s RNA sequence, the isolates matched to butyrate-producing Escherichia fergusonii, ATCC 35469.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Hanif Rawi
- Innovative Food Processing and Ingredients Research Group, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Hui Yan Tan
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Razid Sarbini
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Baek SM, Lee SW, Kim TU, Kim JH, Lee YJ, Yim JH, Kim WJ, Choi SK, Han JE, Jeong KS, Park JK. Case report: Fatal neonatal sepsis associated with Escherichia fergusonii infection in a common bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus). Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1242599. [PMID: 37822952 PMCID: PMC10562539 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1242599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A 25-day-old male common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) died suddenly while swimming at a dolphinarium. The gross examination revealed ulceration on the dorsal and pectoral fins and rostrum. Severe congestion, hemorrhage, and edema were observed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs, and kidneys. Fibrinosuppurative arthritis of the atlantooccipital joint and extension of fibrin into the spinal canal caused compression of the spinal cord. Histopathological examination revealed tracheitis, fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia and enteritis. In the central nervous system, meningeal vessel congestion in the brain, and intraparenchymal hemorrhages with neurodegeneration were observed in the spinal cord. Based on the histopathological findings, representative samples, including lung, liver, mesenteric lymph node, blood obtained from the jugular vein, and fluid sample of the ascites, were inoculated on tryptic soy agar and blood agar for routine bacterial isolation. Each isolated bacterial colony was streaked aseptically onto tryptic soy agar and blood agar for pure culture. After then, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for further identification of pathogenic microorganisms. PCR identified Escherichia fergusonii, Shewanella haliotis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus schleiferi. E. fergusonii was considered the primary etiologic agent in this case since it was the only species identified in all representative samples. The cause of death in this animal was E. fergusonii sepsis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of neonatal sepsis associated with E. fergusonii infection in a dolphin, and suggests E. fergusonii as an opportunistic pathogen associated with sepsis in dolphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Baek
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Woo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Core Protein Resources Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Un Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Core Protein Resources Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Ageorges V, Wawrzyniak I, Ruiz P, Bicep C, Zorgani MA, Paxman JJ, Heras B, Henderson IR, Leroy S, Bailly X, Sapountzis P, Peyretaillade E, Desvaux M. Genome-Wide Analysis of Antigen 43 (Ag43) Variants: New Insights in Their Diversity, Distribution and Prevalence in Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5500. [PMID: 36982580 PMCID: PMC10058404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen 43 (Ag43) expression induces aggregation and biofilm formation that has consequences for bacterial colonisation and infection. Ag43 is secreted through the Type 5 subtype "a" secretion system (T5aSS) and is a prototypical member of the family of self-associating autotransporters (SAATs). As a T5aSS protein, Ag43 has a modular architecture comprised of (i) a signal peptide, (ii) a passenger domain that can be subdivided into three subdomains (SL, EJ, and BL), (iii) an autochaperone (AC) domain, and (iv) an outer membrane translocator. The cell-surface SL subdomain is directly involved in the "Velcro-handshake" mechanism resulting in bacterial autoaggregation. Ag43 is considered to have a ubiquitous distribution in E. coli genomes and many strains harbour multiple agn43 genes. However, recent phylogenetic analyses indicated the existence of four distinct Ag43 classes exhibiting different propensities for autoaggregation and interactions. Given the knowledge of the diversity and distribution of Ag43 in E. coli genomes is incomplete, we have performed a thorough in silico investigation across bacterial genomes. Our comprehensive analyses indicate that Ag43 passenger domains cluster in six phylogenetic classes associated with different SL subdomains. The diversity of Ag43 passenger domains is a result of the association of the SL subtypes with two different EJ-BL-AC modules. We reveal that agn43 is almost exclusively present among bacterial species of the Enterobacteriaceae family and essentially in the Escherichia genus (99.6%) but that it is not ubiquitous in E. coli. The gene is typically present as a single copy but up to five copies of agn43 with different combinations of classes can be observed. The presence of agn43 as well as its different classes appeared to differ between Escherichia phylogroups. Strikingly, agn43 is present in 90% of E. coli from E phylogroup. Our results shed light on Ag43 diversity and provide a rational framework for investigating its role in E. coli ecophysiology and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Ruiz
- INRAE, UCA, UMR0454 MEDIS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cédric Bicep
- UCA, CNRS, UMR6023 LMGE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Jason J. Paxman
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Begoña Heras
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ian R. Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Sabine Leroy
- INRAE, UCA, UMR0454 MEDIS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Xavier Bailly
- INRAE, UCA, VetAgro Sup, UMR0346 EPIA, 63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France
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Jawad I, Bin Tawseen H, Irfan M, Ahmad W, Hassan M, Sattar F, Awan FR, Khaliq S, Akhtar N, Akhtar K, Anwar MA, Munawar N. Dietary Supplementation of Microbial Dextran and Inulin Exerts Hypocholesterolemic Effects and Modulates Gut Microbiota in BALB/c Mice Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065314. [PMID: 36982388 PMCID: PMC10049499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs), having great structural diversity, have gained tremendous interest for their prebiotic effects. In the present study, mice models were used to investigate if microbial dextran and inulin-type EPSs could also play role in the modulation of microbiomics and metabolomics by improving certain biochemical parameters, such as blood cholesterol and glucose levels and weight gain. Feeding the mice for 21 days on EPS-supplemented feed resulted in only 7.6 ± 0.8% weight gain in the inulin-fed mice group, while the dextran-fed group also showed a low weight gain trend as compared to the control group. Blood glucose levels of the dextran- and inulin-fed groups did not change significantly in comparison with the control where it increased by 22 ± 5%. Moreover, the dextran and inulin exerted pronounced hypocholesterolemic effects by reducing the serum cholesterol levels by 23% and 13%, respectively. The control group was found to be mainly populated with Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Mammaliicoccus lentus and Klebsiella aerogenes. The colonization of E. faecalis was inhibited by 59–65% while the intestinal release of Escherichia fergusonii was increased by 85–95% in the EPS-supplemented groups, respectively, along with the complete inhibition of growth of other enteropathogens. Additionally, higher populations of lactic acid bacteria were detected in the intestine of EPS-fed mice as compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Jawad
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Husam Bin Tawseen
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad 22020, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Hassan
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Sattar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Khaliq
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nasrin Akhtar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kalsoom Akhtar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad Anwar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or (M.A.A.); (N.M.); Tel.: +92-41-920-1316 (M.A.A.); +971-3-713-6168 (N.M.); Fax: +92-41-920-1322 (M.A.A.)
| | - Nayla Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: or (M.A.A.); (N.M.); Tel.: +92-41-920-1316 (M.A.A.); +971-3-713-6168 (N.M.); Fax: +92-41-920-1322 (M.A.A.)
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Melibiose–X-Gal–MacConkey Agar for Presumptive Differentiation of Escherichia albertii from E. coli and Salmonella from Poultry Meat. Appl Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial foodborne enteropathogen Escherichia albertii, despite enjoying increased attention paid to its pathogenesis, global dissemination, and antimicrobial resistance capacity, remains difficult to identify from human foods. The primary objective of this study was to develop and test a selective and differential plating medium for the isolation of E. albertii from enteric pathogens commonly transmitted via fresh poultry meat, namely E. coli and Salmonella enterica. MacConkey agar supplemented with α-D-+-melibiose and the lactose analogue X-gal was prepared and used to differentially enumerate E. albertii, Salmonella, and E. coli from inoculated ground chicken meat. The medium, MXgMac agar, differentiated the inoculated pathogens with a greater degree of efficiency than did the previously developed E. albertii-selective medium xylose–rhamnose–melibiose (XRM) MacConkey agar, based on differential usage of the lactose analogue and melibiose. Chicken-derived feces and litter samples were subsequently tested using the medium and found not to contain E. albertii by 16S rRNA gene amplification. MXgMac agar facilitates improved differential recovery of E. albertii and other enteric pathogens from poultry meat versus other E. albertii selective/differential media.
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Zang YM, Liu JF, Li G, Zhao M, Yin GM, Zhang ZP, Jia W. The first case of Escherichia fergusonii with biofilm in China and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:35. [PMID: 36670360 PMCID: PMC9862553 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-07985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia fergusonii is a rare opportunistic pathogen in humans and animals, especially with biofilm. METHODS In one case, E. fergusonii with biofilm was detected in the bile, and silver staining was used to prove it had biofilm. The clinical characteristics and drug susceptibility of eight cases of E. fergusonii retrieved from the literature were also summarized. RESULTS This is a case of E. fergusonii with biofilm, which has not been reported in China. The 8 cases retrieved from the literature did not specify whether they had biofilm, but we analyzed their clinical characteristics and drug susceptibility. All patients were treated with antimicrobial drugs. 8 cases showed sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem in 6 cases (75%), but poor sensitivity to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION The silver staining method proved biofilm in this case, which is the first case of E. fergusonii with biofilm in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Zang
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jun-Feng Liu
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- grid.413385.80000 0004 1799 1445Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Sheng-Li Street, Xing-Qing District, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui China ,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- grid.413385.80000 0004 1799 1445Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Sheng-Li Street, Xing-Qing District, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui China
| | - Guo-min Yin
- grid.413385.80000 0004 1799 1445Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Sheng-Li Street, Xing-Qing District, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui China
| | - Zheng-ping Zhang
- grid.413385.80000 0004 1799 1445Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wei Jia
- grid.413385.80000 0004 1799 1445Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Sheng-Li Street, Xing-Qing District, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia Hui China ,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Yinchuan, China
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10
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Potentially Virulent Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia fergusonii Isolated from Inanimate Surface in a Medical University: Omphisa fuscidentalis as an Alternative for Bacterial Virulence Determination. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020279. [PMID: 36673089 PMCID: PMC9858318 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are becoming a worldwide problem due to limited options for treatment. Moreover, patients infected by MDR with highly virulent accessories are worsening the symptoms, even to the point of causing death. In this study, we isolated bacteria from 14 inanimate surfaces that could potentially be reservoirs for the spread of bacterial infections in the medical university. Blood agar media was used for bacterial isolation. The bacterial colony that showed hemolytic activities on each surface was tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against eight different antibiotics. We found that MDR bacterium, namely TB1, which was isolated from a toilet bowl, was non-susceptible to ampicillin, imipenem, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamicin, and tetracycline. Another MDR bacterium isolated from the mobile phone screen of security officers, namely HSO, was resistant to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, tetracycline, and cefixime. An in vivo virulence test of bacterial isolates used Omphisa fuscidentalis larvae as an alternative to Galleria mellonella larvae for the infection model. A virulence test of TB1 in O. fuscidentalis larvae revealed 20% survival in the bacterial density of 104 and 105 CFU/larvae; and 0% survival in the bacterial density of 106 CFU/larvae at 24 h after injection. Bacterial identification was performed for TB1 as a potential virulent isolate. Bacterial identification using partial 16s rRNA gene showed that TB1 exhibited 99.84% identity to Escherichia fergusonii 2611. This study concludes that TB1 is a potentially virulent MDR E. fergusonii isolated from toilet bowls at a medical university.
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11
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Differentiation of Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease/Ischemic Colitis and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010154. [PMID: 36671355 PMCID: PMC9854958 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotypically, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly differentiates between species. However, species delineation between Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli is much more difficult and cannot be distinguished by 16S rRNA gene sequences alone. Hence, in this study, we attempted to differentiate E. fergusonii and E. coli isolated from faecal samples of disease-associated Korean individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)/ischemic colitis (IC) and test the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated strains. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the adenylate kinase (adk) housekeeping gene from the E. coli multi locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all disease-associated strains in addition to healthy control isolates to 14 antibiotics were determined by broth microdilution-based technique. Next, 83 isolates from 11 disease-associated faecal samples were identified as E. fergusonii using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis using the adk gene from E. coli MLST scheme revealed that most of the strains (94%) were E. coli. A total of 58 resistance patterns were obtained from 83 strains of disease-associated (IBD/IC) isolates. All isolates were resistant to at least one tested antimicrobial agent, with the highest resistance against erythromycin (88.0%), ampicillin (86.7%), ciprofloxacin (73.5%), cephalothin (72.3%), gentamicin (59%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (53%), cefotaxime (49.4%), and ceftriaxone (48.2%). A total of 90.7% of isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producers among the resistant strains to third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone). ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and ischemic colitis (IC) were 92.3%, 82.4%, and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, adk-based phylogenetic analysis may be the most accurate method for distinguishing E. coli and E. fergusonii from Escherichia genus. We identified four loci in adk gene sequences which makes it easier to discriminate between E. coli and E. fergusonii. Additionally, we believe that gut colonization by multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli may play a significant role in IBD/IC pathogenesis.
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12
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False Negative Escherichia coli Result from the BioFire FilmArray Blood Culture Identification 2 Panel. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0233921. [PMID: 36214564 PMCID: PMC9667767 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02339-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Hirose S, Nakamura Y, Arai S, Hara-Kudo Y. The Development and Evaluation of a Selective Enrichment for the Detection of Escherichia albertii in Food. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:704-712. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shouhei Hirose
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Sakura Arai
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
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14
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Liu R, Xu H, Guo X, Liu S, Qiao J, Ge H, Zheng B, Gou J. Genomic Characterization of Two Escherichia fergusonii Isolates Harboring mcr-1 Gene From Farm Environment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:774494. [PMID: 35719362 PMCID: PMC9204285 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.774494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and transmission of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes have led to a severe threat to humans and animals. Escherichia fergusonii is an emerging pathogen which is closely related to a variety of diseases. However, the report of mcr genes harboring E. fergusonii is still rare. One study in Brazil reported the E. fergusonii isolates with IncHI2-type plasmids harboring mcr-1. A Chinese study reported two strains carrying mcr-1 gene with the same plasmid type IncI2. Here, we identified two strains of E. fergusonii carrying mcr-1 gene from farm environments with IncX4-type and IncI2-type plasmids, respectively. To our best knowledge, this is the first report about mcr-1 gene located on IncX4-type plasmid in E. fergusonii. We investigate the resistance mechanism of colistin-resistant Escherichia fergusonii strains 6S41-1 and 5ZF15-2-1 and elucidate the genetic context of plasmids carrying mcr-1 genes. In addition, we also investigated chromosomal mutations mediated colistin resistance in these two strains. Species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The detection of mcr-1 gene was determined by PCR and Sanger sequencing. S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Southern blotting, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, complete genome sequencing, and core genome analysis were conducted to investigate the characteristics of isolates harboring mcr-1. The mcr-1 genes on two strains were both plasmids encoded and the typical IS26-parA-mcr-1-pap2 cassette was identified in p6S41-1 while a nikA-nikB-mcr-1 locus sites on the conjugative plasmid p5ZF15-2-1. In addition, Core genome analysis reveals that E. fergusonii 6S41-1 and 5ZF15-2-1 have close genetic relationships. The mcr-1 gene is located on conjugative IncI2-type plasmid p5ZF15-2-1, which provides support for its further transmission. In addition, there’s the possibility of mcr-1 spreading to humans through farm environments and thereby threatening public health. Therefore, continuous monitoring and investigations of mcr-1 among Enterobacteriaceae in farm environments are necessary to control the spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuxiu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Gou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Muchaamba F, Barmettler K, Treier A, Houf K, Stephan R. Microbiology and Epidemiology of Escherichia albertii—An Emerging Elusive Foodborne Pathogen. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050875. [PMID: 35630320 PMCID: PMC9145129 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii, a close relative of E. coli, is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen associated with watery diarrhea mainly in children and immunocompromised individuals. E. albertii was initially classified as eae-positive Hafnia alvei, however, as more genetic and biochemical information became available it was reassigned to its current novel taxonomy. Its infections are common under conditions of poor hygiene with confirmed transmission via contaminated water and food, mainly poultry-based products. This pathogen has been isolated from various domestic and wild animals, with most isolates being derived from birds, implying that birds among other wild animals might act as its reservoir. Due to the absence of standardized isolation and identification protocols, E. albertii can be misidentified as other Enterobacteriaceae. Exploiting phenotypes such as its inability to ferment rhamnose and xylose and PCR assays targeting E. albertii-specific genes such as the cytolethal distending toxin and the DNA-binding transcriptional activator of cysteine biosynthesis encoding genes can be used to accurately identify this pathogen. Several gaps exist in our knowledge of E. albertii and need to be bridged. A deeper understanding of E. albertii epidemiology and physiology is required to allow the development of effective measures to control its transmission and infections. Overall, current data suggest that E. albertii might play a more significant role in global infectious diarrhea cases than previously assumed and is often overlooked or misidentified. Therefore, simple, and efficient diagnostic tools that cover E. albertii biodiversity are required for effective isolation and identification of this elusive agent of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Muchaamba
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.B.); (A.T.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karen Barmettler
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.B.); (A.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Andrea Treier
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.B.); (A.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Kurt Houf
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.B.); (A.T.); (R.S.)
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16
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Arai S, Yamaya S, Ohtsuka K, Konishi N, Obata H, Ooka T, Hirose S, Kai A, Hara-Kudo Y. Detection of Escherichia albertii in Retail Oysters. J Food Prot 2022; 85:173-179. [PMID: 34591074 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen. Owing to its distribution in river water, it is important to determine the presence of E. albertii in aquaculture-related foods. In this study, we investigated the distribution of E. albertii in retail oyster samples. A total of 427 raw oyster samples (385 Pacific oysters and 42 Japanese rock oysters) were enriched in modified Escherichia coli broth (mEC) or mEC supplemented with novobiocin (NmEC) at 42°C. The cultures were used for E. albertii-specific nested PCR assay, as well as for E. albertii isolation using deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar (DHL), DHL supplemented with rhamnose and xylose, and MacConkey agar supplemented with rhamnose and xylose. The population of E. albertii in nested PCR-positive samples was determined using the most-probable-number (MPN) method. E. albertii isolates were subjected to biochemical and genetic characterization. E. albertii was detected in 5 (1.6%) of 315 Pacific oyster samples (one piece each), 2 (2.9%) of 70 Pacific oyster samples (25 g each), and 2 (4.8%) of 42 Japanese rock oyster samples procured from four geographically distinct regions. A total of 64 E. albertii strains were isolated from eight of the nine nested PCR assay-positive oyster samples, and the MPN value was under the detection limit (<3 MPN/10 g). A specific season or month for detecting E. albertii was not observed in this study, suggesting that the pathogen is present in seawater. All the E. albertii isolates, except one, were positive for the virulence factor eae, indicating that these isolates have the potential to infect humans. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Arai
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Satoko Yamaya
- Miyagi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 4-7-2, Saiwai-cho, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-0836, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ohtsuka
- Saitama Institute of Public Health, 410-1, Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Noriko Konishi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Hiromi Obata
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima city, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shouhei Hirose
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Akemi Kai
- Japan Food Hygiene Association, 2-5-47, Tadao, Machida-city, Tokyo 194-0035, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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17
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Zaki MES, Eid AE, El-Kazzaz SS, El-Sabbagh AM. Molecular Study of Escherichia albertii in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections. Open Microbiol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802115010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
There are insufficient data about the presence of E. albertii as a causative organism in urinary tract infection in pediatric patients. Objective: The present study aimed to detect E. albertii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of uidA, mdh, and lysP genes among isolated E.coli from children with urinary tract infection.
Methods:
The present study was a cross-sectional retrograde study which was carried out on 100 isolates of phenotypically confirmed E.coli detected in urine samples of children suffering from urinary tract infection. The isolates were subjected to molecular identification by PCR for uidA, mdh, and lysP genes.
Results:
E. albertii was identified by PCR in 7% of the isolates and E.coli was identified in 93% of the isolates. Two mdh and lysP genes were detected for E. albertii and the uidA gene for E. coli. E. albertii isolates had marked resistance to gentamicin (71.4%), followed by resistance to ciprofloxacin (57.1%), meropenem and imipenem (42.9% each) and ESBL activity by double discs method was reported in 57.1% of the isolates. However, none of the isolates had shown resistance to nalidixic acid and only one isolate had resistance to norfloxacin. There was a statistically insignificant difference between resistance to the used antibiotics such as aztreonam (P=0.083), ampicillin/clavulanate (P=0.5), ciprofloxacin (P=0.69), gentamicin (P=0.3) and ceftazidime (P=1.00).
Conclusion:
The present study highlights the emergence of E. albertii as a pathogen associated with urinary tract infections in children. There is marked antibiotic resistance of this pathogen, especially toward extended spectrum beta-lactams antibiotics. The identification method depends mainly on genetic studies. Further longitudinal studies with large number of patients are required to verify the accurate prevalence of this bacterium.
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18
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Bessonov K, Laing C, Robertson J, Yong I, Ziebell K, Gannon VPJ, Nichani A, Arya G, Nash JHE, Christianson S. ECTyper: in silico Escherichia coli serotype and species prediction from raw and assembled whole-genome sequence data. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34860150 PMCID: PMC8767331 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a priority foodborne pathogen of public health concern and phenotypic serotyping provides critical information for surveillance and outbreak detection activities. Public health and food safety laboratories are increasingly adopting whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for characterizing pathogens, but it is imperative to maintain serotype designations in order to minimize disruptions to existing public health workflows. Multiple in silico tools have been developed for predicting serotypes from WGS data, including SRST2, SerotypeFinder and EToKi EBEis, but these tools were not designed with the specific requirements of diagnostic laboratories, which include: speciation, input data flexibility (fasta/fastq), quality control information and easily interpretable results. To address these specific requirements, we developed ECTyper (https://github.com/phac-nml/ecoli_serotyping) for performing both speciation within Escherichia and Shigella, and in silico serotype prediction. We compared the serotype prediction performance of each tool on a newly sequenced panel of 185 isolates with confirmed phenotypic serotype information. We found that all tools were highly concordant, with 92-97 % for O-antigens and 98-100 % for H-antigens, and ECTyper having the highest rate of concordance. We extended the benchmarking to a large panel of 6954 publicly available E. coli genomes to assess the performance of the tools on a more diverse dataset. On the public data, there was a considerable drop in concordance, with 75-91 % for O-antigens and 62-90 % for H-antigens, and ECTyper and SerotypeFinder being the most concordant. This study highlights that in silico predictions show high concordance with phenotypic serotyping results, but there are notable differences in tool performance. ECTyper provides highly accurate and sensitive in silico serotype predictions, in addition to speciation, and is designed to be easily incorporated into bioinformatic workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrylo Bessonov
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Chad Laing
- National Centre for Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - James Robertson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Irene Yong
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kim Ziebell
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Victor P J Gannon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Anil Nichani
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gitanjali Arya
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - John H E Nash
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Christianson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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19
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Wakabayashi Y, Seto K, Kanki M, Harada T, Kawatsu K. Proposal of a novel selective enrichment broth, NCT-mTSB, for isolation of Escherichia albertii from poultry samples. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2121-2130. [PMID: 34735750 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Escherichia albertii is an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen causing food- and water-borne infection in humans. However, no selective enrichment broths for E. albertii have ever been reported. In this study, we tested several basal media, selective supplements and culture conditions which enabled selective enrichment of E. albertii. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a selective enrichment broth, novobiocin-cefixime-tellurite supplemented modified tryptic soy broth (NCT-mTSB). NCT-mTSB supported the growth of 22 E. albertii strains, while inhibited growth of other Enterobacteriaceae at 37°C, except for Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. Enrichment of E. albertii was improved further by growth at 44°C, a temperature that suppresses growth of several strains of E. coli/Shigella. Combined use of NCT-mTSB with XR-DH-agar, xylose-rhamnose supplemented deoxycholate hydrogen sulphide agar, enabled isolation of E. albertii when at least 1 CFU of the bacterium was present per gram of chicken meat. This level of enrichment was superior to those obtained using buffered peptone water, modified-EC broth, or mTSB (with novobiocin). CONCLUSIONS Novobiocin-cefixime-tellurite supplemented modified tryptic soy broth enabled effective enrichment of E. albertii from poultry samples and was helpful for isolation of this bacterium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY To our knowledge, this is the first report of selective enrichment of E. albertii from poultry samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Wakabayashi
- Bacteriology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Seto
- Quality Assurance Unit, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Kanki
- Bacteriology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Harada
- Bacteriology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawatsu
- Bacteriology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Sahulka SQ, Bhattarai B, Bhattacharjee AS, Tanner W, Mahar RB, Goel R. Differences in chlorine and peracetic acid disinfection kinetics of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia fergusonii and their susceptible strains based on gene expressions and genomics. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117480. [PMID: 34392043 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate mechanisms of cross-resistance to chlorine and peracetic acid (PAA) disinfectants by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Our study evaluated chlorine and PAA based disinfection kinetics of erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, meropenem-resistant Escherichia fergusonii, and susceptible strains of these species. Using the integrated second-order disinfectant decay model and first-order Chick-Watson's Law, it was found that the meropenem-resistant Escherichia fergusonii strain showed significantly less log inactivation compared to the susceptible E. fergusonii strain in response to both chlorine and PAA disinfection (p-value = 0.059, 3.5 × 10-6). On the other hand, the susceptible Enterococcus faecalis strain showed similar log inactivation compared to the erythromycin-resistant strain in response to either treatment (p-value = 0.075, 0.28). Meropenem-resistant E. fergusonii showed an increase in gene expression of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM-1) gene to chlorine, but there was no increase in expression to PAA. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was then conducted to elucidate the differences in genes among both resistant and susceptible table E. fergusonii strains. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis of the draft genomes (>97% similarity) suggests that meropenem-resistant E. fergusonii (S1) and meropenem-susceptible E. fergusonii (S2) are the same species but different strains. Both strains have the same genes for oxidative stress pathways, oxidative scavenger genes, and nearly 40 different antibiotic efflux pump genes. The chromosomal and plasmid draft genomes of meropenem-resistant and susceptible E. fergusonii strains each have 65 and 52 antibiotic resistance genes, respectively. Of these, the resistant E. fergusonii strain harbored the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1 genes located on the chromosome, and a blaTEM-1 gene on the plasmid. The overall findings of this study are significant, as they reveal that antibiotic-resistant and susceptible strains of E. fergusonii exhibit different responses towards chlorine and PAA disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bishav Bhattarai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | - Ananda S Bhattacharjee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Windy Tanner
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rasool Bux Mahar
- US.- Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, UT, USA.
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21
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Hinenoya A, Awasthi SP, Yasuda N, Nagano K, Hassan J, Takehira K, Hatanaka N, Saito S, Watabe T, Yoshizawa M, Inoue H, Yamasaki S. Detection, isolation and molecular characterization of Escherichia albertii in wild birds in West Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 75:156-163. [PMID: 34470969 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Several outbreaks of E. albertii have occurred particularly in Japan. Although birds have been considered as one of the most important reservoirs of this bacterium, information regarding the prevalence in birds is still scanty. We performed a survey of E. albertii in wild birds in Japan, and examined characteristics of the isolates. E. albertii specific gene was detected in 5 cloacal swabs out of 156 birds by PCR. Four E. albertii were isolated from a swallow with 2 different E. albertii strains and 2 pigeons in a flock by XRM-MacConkey agar. These isolates were assigned to biogroup 3, shown no resistance to any antimicrobials tested, and classified into 2 EAO-genotypes (EAOg2 and EAOg33) and untypable. Similar to clinical E. albertii strains, these isolates carried virulence genes including eae (n=4), paa (n=4), Eccdt-I (n=2) and stx2f (n=1) in addition to Eacdt. Interestingly, stx2f genes in a strain were located on an inducible bacteriophage, which can confer the ability to produce Stx2f to E. coli. In conclusion, Japanese wild birds carried E. albertii at the similar levels to the reported prevalence in birds. These isolates may have a potential to cause gastroenteritis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Sharda Prasad Awasthi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Noritomo Yasuda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Keigo Nagano
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Jayedul Hassan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Keiji Takehira
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
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22
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Abstract
Vitamin B6 is an ensemble of six interconvertible vitamers: pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxal (PL), and their 5'-phosphate derivatives, PNP, PMP, and PLP. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is a coenzyme in a variety of enzyme reactions concerning transformations of amino and amino acid compounds. This review summarizes all known and putative PLP-binding proteins found in the Escherichia coli MG1655 proteome. PLP can have toxic effects since it contains a very reactive aldehyde group at its 4' position that easily forms aldimines with primary and secondary amines and reacts with thiols. Most PLP is bound either to the enzymes that use it as a cofactor or to PLP carrier proteins, protected from the cellular environment but at the same time readily transferable to PLP-dependent apoenzymes. E. coli and its relatives synthesize PLP through the seven-step deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate (DXP)-dependent pathway. Other bacteria synthesize PLP in a single step, through a so-called DXP-independent pathway. Although the DXP-dependent pathway was the first to be revealed, the discovery of the widespread DXP-independent pathway determined a decline of interest in E. coli vitamin B6 metabolism. In E. coli, as in most organisms, PLP can also be obtained from PL, PN, and PM, imported from the environment or recycled from protein turnover, via a salvage pathway. Our review deals with all aspects of vitamin B6 metabolism in E. coli, from transcriptional to posttranslational regulation. A critical interpretation of results is presented, in particular, concerning the most obscure aspects of PLP homeostasis and delivery to PLP-dependent enzymes.
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Arai S, Ohtsuka K, Konishi N, Ohya K, Konno T, Tokoi Y, Nagaoka H, Asano Y, Maruyama H, Uchiyama H, Takara T, Hara-Kudo Y. Evaluating Methods for Detecting Escherichia albertii in Chicken Meat. J Food Prot 2021; 84:553-562. [PMID: 33159453 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen. The source of the E. albertii infection in most foodborne outbreaks is unknown because E. albertii is difficult to isolate from suspected food or water. E. albertii has a broad host range among birds and can be isolated from chicken meat. In this study, PCR assay, enrichment, and isolation conditions for detecting E. albertii in chicken meat were evaluated. The growth of 47 E. albertii strains isolated in Japan between 1994 and 2018 and a type strain was evaluated in modified EC broth (mEC) and mEC supplemented with novobiocin (NmEC) and on media containing carbohydrates. The enzyme used for the nested PCR, the enrichment conditions, the most-probable-number (MPN) method, and agar media were also evaluated with chicken meat. To distinguish E. albertii from presumptive non-E. albertii bacteria, desoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar (DHL), MacConkey agar (MAC), and these agars supplemented with rhamnose and xylose (RX-DHL and RX-MAC, respectively) were used. All E. albertii strains grew in mEC and NmEC at both 36 and 42°C and did not utilize rhamnose, sucrose, or xylose. Both the first and nested PCRs with TaKaRa Ex Taq, which was 10 to 100 times more active than the other enzymes, produced positive results in enrichment culture of 25 g of chicken meat inoculated with >20 CFU of E. albertii and incubated in mEC and NmEC at 42°C for 22 ± 2 h. Thus, the first PCR was sensitive enough to detect E. albertii in chicken meat. The MPN values in mEC and NmEC were 0.5- and 2.3-fold higher than the original inoculated bacterial levels, respectively. E. albertii in chicken meat was more efficiently isolated with enrichment in NmEC (70.1 to 100%) and plating onto RX-DHL (85.4%) and RX-MAC (100%) compared with enrichment in mEC (53.5 to 83.3%) and plating onto DHL (70.1%) and MAC (92.4%). Thus, optimized conditions for the surveillance of E. albertii contamination in food and investigations of E. albertii outbreaks, including the infectious dose, were clarified. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Arai
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6572-1800 [S.A.])
| | - Kayoko Ohtsuka
- Saitama Institute of Public Health, 410-1, Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Noriko Konishi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohya
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Konno
- Akita Prefectural Research Center for Public Health and Environment, 6-6, Senshukubota-machi, Akita 010-0874, Japan
| | - Yuki Tokoi
- Utsunomiya City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Takebayashi-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0974, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nagaoka
- Shizuoka Institute of Environment and Hygiene, 4-27-2, Kitaandou, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8637, Japan
| | - Yukiko Asano
- Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 8-234, Sanbancho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maruyama
- Fukuoka City Institute of Health and Environment, 2-1-34 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroko Uchiyama
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, 2-3-2 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2155, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Takara
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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24
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Foroughi A, Namdari A, Rahimian-Zarif B. Detection of Escherichia Albertii in Urinary and Gastrointestinal Infections in Kermanshah, Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/ijep.2021.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Escherichia albertii has been recently isolated from the feces of people with gastroenteritis as a pathogen that causes diarrhea. Due to insufficient information on the phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of E. albertii, it is difficult to distinguish it from other species of the Enterobacteriaceae family and, therefore, it is mistakenly identified as Escherichia coli or even Hafnia alvei. Objective: The present study which was conducted for the first time in Iran aimed to identify E. albertii in samples from individuals afflicted with urinary and gastrointestinal infections by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The required samples were obtained from clinical laboratories in Kermanshah. Materials and Methods: Firstly, a total of 60 urinary and 40 fecal samples identified as E. coli in clinical laboratories were re-evaluated in terms of specific phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of E. coli. Then, two lysP and mdh genes were detected for E. albertii, and the uidA gene was found for E. coli by PCR using specific primers pairs. Results: The results from phenotypic and biochemical tests indicated that all samples shared common characteristics with E. coli. However, PCR findings demonstrated that out of 100 samples, 6 samples (6%) contained specific genes of E. coli while 94 remaining samples (94%) showed the uidA gene. Out of the given 6 samples, 5 samples carried urinary tract infections and only one showed gastrointestinal infection. Conclusion: Our study findings revealed that E. albertii could have been considered as one of the causes for urinary and gastrointestinal infections in Iran, and that it was mistakenly identified as E. coli in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Foroughi
- Department of Pathobiology & Basic Science, Veterinary Science Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Afshin Namdari
- MSc Graduated in Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
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25
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Santhana Raj D, Nagarajan SV, Raman T, Venkatachalam P, Parthasarathy M. Remediation of textile effluents for water reuse: Decolorization and desalination using Escherichia fergusonii followed by detoxification with activated charcoal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111406. [PMID: 33038672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Textile effluents contain high levels of pollutants of different categories like dyes, metal salts, acids, bases and microorganisms. Remediation of textile effluents is often challenging because of its composition, which also varies between dyeing units. In this study, we demonstrate the novel use of a waste-water bacterium, Escherichia fergusonii, in the effective remediation of textile effluents. The bacteria application efficiently caused a reduction of color (98.4%), total dissolved solids (75%), sulphates (87%), bicarbonates (83%), chlorides (64%), calcium (84%), and chemical oxygen demand (81%) of the textile effluents. The bacteria-treated effluents were further disinfected and detoxified by treating with rice husk activated charcoal. After the charcoal treatment, the chemical oxygen demand decreased further by 11.5% and biochemical oxygen demand decreased by 85%. The effluents remediated using the two-step process were subjected to toxicity assays using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. The textile effluents treated using Escherichia fergusonii, followed by activated charcoal were found to be non-toxic and suitable for reuse for domestic applications. Thus, we present here, a simple, less energy-intensive, economic, two-step process as a complete solution for textile effluent treatment. The results of this investigation can be used to simplify the remediation process of textile effluents in common treatment plants as well as the individual dyeing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Santhana Raj
- Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Sai Varsha Nagarajan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Thiagarajan Raman
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Ponnusami Venkatachalam
- Biomass Conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Meera Parthasarathy
- Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
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26
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Gomes TAT, Ooka T, Hernandes RT, Yamamoto D, Hayashi T. Escherichia albertii Pathogenesis. EcoSal Plus 2020; 9:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0015-2019. [PMID: 32588811 PMCID: PMC11168576 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0015-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging enteropathogen of humans and many avian species. This bacterium is a close relative of Escherichia coli and has been frequently misidentified as enteropathogenic or enterohemorrhagic E. coli due to their similarity in phenotypic and genetic features, such as various biochemical properties and the possession of a type III secretion system encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement. This pathogen causes outbreaks of gastroenteritis, and some strains produce Shiga toxin. Although many genetic and phenotypic studies have been published and the genome sequences of more than 200 E. albertii strains are now available, the clinical significance of this species is not yet fully understood. The apparent zoonotic nature of the disease requires a deeper understanding of the transmission routes and mechanisms of E. albertii to develop effective measures to control its transmission and infection. Here, we review the current knowledge of the phylogenic relationship of E. albertii with other Escherichia species and the biochemical and genetic properties of E. albertii, with particular emphasis on the repertoire of virulence factors and the mechanisms of pathogenicity, and we hope this provides a basis for future studies of this important emerging enteropathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia A T Gomes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rodrigo T Hernandes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Yamamoto
- Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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27
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Hinenoya A, Nagano K, Okuno K, Nagita A, Hatanaka N, Awasthi SP, Yamasaki S. Development of XRM-MacConkey agar selective medium for the isolation of Escherichia albertii. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 97:115006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Shen Y, Nie J, Kuang L, Zhang J, Li H. DNA sequencing, genomes and genetic markers of microbes on fruits and vegetables. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 14:323-362. [PMID: 32207561 PMCID: PMC7936329 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of DNA sequencing technology has provided an effective method for studying foodborne and phytopathogenic microorganisms on fruits and vegetables (F & V). DNA sequencing has successfully proceeded through three generations, including the tens of operating platforms. These advances have significantly promoted microbial whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA polymorphism research. Based on genomic and regional polymorphisms, genetic markers have been widely obtained. These molecular markers are used as targets for PCR or chip analyses to detect microbes at the genetic level. Furthermore, metagenomic analyses conducted by sequencing the hypervariable regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have revealed comprehensive microbial communities in various studies on F & V. This review highlights the basic principles of three generations of DNA sequencing, and summarizes the WGS studies of and available DNA markers for major bacterial foodborne pathogens and phytopathogenic fungi found on F & V. In addition, rDNA sequencing‐based bacterial and fungal metagenomics are summarized under three topics. These findings deepen the understanding of DNA sequencing and its application in studies of foodborne and phytopathogenic microbes and shed light on strategies for the monitoring of F & V microbes and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Shen
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China.,College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lixue Kuang
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Haifei Li
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
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29
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A large self-transmissible resistance plasmid from Nigeria contains genes that ameliorate a carrying cost. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19624. [PMID: 31873110 PMCID: PMC6927977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is rapidly expanding, in a large part due to mobile genetic elements. We screened 94 fecal fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from Nigeria for six plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Sixteen isolates harbored at least one of the PMQR genes and four were positive for aac-6-Ib-cr. In one strain, aac-6-Ib-cr was mapped to a 125 Kb self-transmissible IncFII plasmid, pMB2, which also bears blaCTX-M-15, seven other functional resistance genes and multiple resistance pseudogenes. Laboratory strains carrying pMB2 grew faster than isogenic strains lacking the plasmid in both rich and minimal media. We excised a 32 Kb fragment containing transporter genes and several open-reading frames of unknown function. The resulting 93 Kb mini-plasmid conferred slower growth rates and lower fitness than wildtype pMB2. Trans-complementing the deletion with the cloned sitABCD genes confirmed that they accounted for the growth advantage conferred by pMB2 in iron-depleted media. pMB2 is a large plasmid with a flexible resistance region that contains loci that can account for evolutionary success in the absence of antimicrobials. Ancillary functions conferred by resistance plasmids can mediate their retention and transmissibility, worsening the trajectory for antimicrobial resistance and potentially circumventing efforts to contain resistance through restricted use.
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30
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Adesina T, Nwinyi O, De N, Akinnola O, Omonigbehin E. First Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia fergusonii Strains Harbouring Beta-Lactamase Genes from Clinical Samples. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040164. [PMID: 31557915 PMCID: PMC6963453 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently discovered extraintestinal Escherichia fergusonii obtained from non-clinical samples has exhibited the potential for acquiring multiple beta-lactamase genes, just like many extraintestinal Escherichia coli strains. Albeit, they are often omitted or classified as E. coli. This study aimed to, therefore, identify carbapenem-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. fergusonii isolates from clinical samples, determine their evolutionary relatedness using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and screen for beta-lactamase genes. A total of 135 septic wound samples were obtained from patients on referral at a General Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. For the phenotypic identification of isolates from culture-positive samples, morphological, and physiological tests were carried out. Identities of the isolates harbouring beta-lactamase genes were assigned to their genus strains using the 16S rRNA sequencing. The Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique and double-disc synergy test were used to screen isolates for multidrug resistance and ESBL production. Carbapenem-resistant ESBL producing isolates were screened for beta-lactamase genes in a polymerase chain reaction. Three E. fergusonii isolates (CR11, CR35 and CR49) were obtained during this study. E. fergusonii strains were motile, non-lactose and non-sorbitol fermenting but positive for cellobiose and adonitol fermentation. The I6S rRNA assigned the phenotypically identified isolates to E. fergusonii species. All three isolates were multidrug-resistant, carbapenem-resistant and ESBL producers. Isolates CR11 and CR35 harboured cefotaximase (CTX-M) and temoniera (TEM) beta-lactamase genes while CR49 harboured sulfhydryl variable (SHV) beta-lactamase gene. We herein report the detection of multiple beta-lactamase genes in carbapenem-resistant ESBL producing E. fergusonii from clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomilola Adesina
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, 112103 Ota, Nigeria.
| | - Obinna Nwinyi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, 112103 Ota, Nigeria.
| | - Nandita De
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, 112103 Ota, Nigeria.
| | - Olayemi Akinnola
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, 112103 Ota, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel Omonigbehin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, 112103 Ota, Nigeria.
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31
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Murakami K, Maeda-Mitani E, Kimura H, Honda M, Ikeda T, Sugitani W, Konno T, Kawano K, Etoh Y, Sera N, Mizukoshi F, Saitoh T, Kawamura Y, Ishioka T, Ohnishi M, Oishi K, Fujimoto S. Non-biogroup 1 or 2 Strains of the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Escherichia albertii, Their Proposed Assignment to Biogroup 3, and Their Commonly Detected Characteristics. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1543. [PMID: 31333633 PMCID: PMC6624678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii, a zoonotic enteropathogen, is responsible for outbreaks of disease in humans. Identifying strains of E. albertii by phenotypic characterization tests is difficult because of its poorly defined properties. Screening its phenotypic characteristics is, nevertheless, a necessary prerequisite for further genetic analysis of its properties, and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis can be used to type the pathogen. While two E. albertii biogroups (1 and 2) have been described, strains with characteristics divergent from both biogroups have been reported worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of non-biogroup 1 or 2 strains, and discern the characteristics common to all of the E. albertii strains from this study. Altogether, 107/414 field isolates were selected for examination based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. The 107 strains were isolated from 92 sources, including humans and pigeon feces, other wild birds, and retail chicken livers. All strains were then examined using various culture-based, biochemical (API 50CHE tests, API Zym test, and others) and molecular (virulence gene screening, multi-locus sequence analysis) testing methods. Our results revealed that all field strains (n = 107) showed non-biogroup 1 or 2 characteristics, with multiple sequence differences. Variations in indole production and the lysine decarboxylase activity profiles among the isolates made identification of E. albertii very difficult. Therefore, we propose that non-biogroup 1 or 2 of E. albertii should be assigned to biogroup 3 to make screening of them easier in public health and clinical laboratory settings. Clearly, having group criteria for indole-negative/lysine-positive, indole-positive/lysine-negative, and indole-positive/lysine-positive E. albertii biogroups 1, 2, and 3 strains, respectively, should provide for more accurate identification of E. albertii isolates. Based on our findings, we recommend that isolates displaying phenotype mobility-negativity (sulfide-indole-motility medium, 37°C), hydrogen sulfide production-negativity (triple sugar iron medium), acid production-negativity from xylose, negative β-glucuronidase activity properties, and showing indole production and lysine decarboxylase activity profiles in accordance with one of the three biogroups, should be further assessed using an E. albertii-specific PCR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Murakami
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan.,Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Mikiko Honda
- Fukuoka City Institute for Hygiene and the Environment, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Wakana Sugitani
- Kumamoto City Environmental Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Konno
- Akita Prefectural Research Center for Public Health and Environment, Akita, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kawano
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Etoh
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sera
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Japan
| | - Fuminori Mizukoshi
- Tochigi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Takehito Saitoh
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Japan
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Haymaker J, Sharma M, Parveen S, Hashem F, May EB, Handy ET, White C, East C, Bradshaw R, Micallef SA, Callahan MT, Allard S, Anderson B, Craighead S, Gartley S, Vanore A, Kniel KE, Solaiman S, Bui A, Murray R, Craddock HA, Kulkarni P, Foust D, Duncan R, Taabodi M, Sapkota AR. Prevalence of Shiga-toxigenic and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in untreated surface water and reclaimed water in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:630-636. [PMID: 30878734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The microbial quality of irrigation water has increasingly become a concern as a source of contamination for fruits and vegetables. Non-traditional sources of water are being used by more and more growers in smaller, highly diversified farms in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) have been responsible for several outbreaks of infections associated with the consumption of leafy greens. Our study evaluated the prevalence of the "big seven" STEC serogroups and the associated enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) virulence factors (VF) genes in conventional and nontraditional irrigation waters in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Water samples (n = 510) from 170 sampling events were collected from eight untreated surface water sites, two wastewater reclamation facilities, and one vegetable processing plant, over a 12-month period. Ten liters of water were filtered through Modified Moore swabs (MMS); swabs were then enriched into Universal Pre-enrichment Broth (UPB), followed by enrichment into non-O157 STEC R&F broth and isolation on R & F non-O157 STEC chromogenic plating medium. Isolates (n = 2489) from enriched MMS from water samples were screened for frequently reported STEC serogroups that cause foodborne illness: O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157, along with VF genes stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA. Through this screening process, STEC isolates were found in 2.35% (12/510) of water samples, while 9.0% (46/510) contained an atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) isolate. The eae gene (n = 88 isolates) was the most frequently detected EHEC VF of the isolates screened. The majority of STEC isolates (stx1 or stx2) genes mainly came from either a pond or reclamation pond water site on two specific dates, potentially indicating that these isolates were not spatially or temporally distributed among the sampling sites. STEC isolates at reclaimed water sites may have been introduced after wastewater treatment. None of the isolates containing eae were determined to be Escherichia albertii. Our work showed that STEC prevalence in Mid-Atlantic untreated surface waters over a 12-month period was lower than the prevalence of atypical EPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Haymaker
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Manan Sharma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States.
| | - Salina Parveen
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Fawzy Hashem
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Eric B May
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Eric T Handy
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Chanelle White
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Cheryl East
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Rhodel Bradshaw
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Shirley A Micallef
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Mary Theresa Callahan
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Allard
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Brienna Anderson
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Shani Craighead
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Samantha Gartley
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Adam Vanore
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Kalmia E Kniel
- University of Delaware, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Sultana Solaiman
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Anthony Bui
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Rianna Murray
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Hillary A Craddock
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Prachi Kulkarni
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Derek Foust
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Rico Duncan
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Maryam Taabodi
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
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The Evasive Enemy: Insights into the Virulence and Epidemiology of the Emerging Attaching and Effacing Pathogen Escherichia albertii. Infect Immun 2018; 87:IAI.00254-18. [PMID: 30373891 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00254-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The diarrheic attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen Escherichia albertii was first isolated from infants in Bangladesh in 1991, although the bacterium was initially classified as Hafnia alvei Subsequent genetic and biochemical interrogation of these isolates raised concerns about their initial taxonomic placement. It was not until 2003 that these isolates were reassigned to the novel taxon Escherichia albertii because they were genetically more closely related to E. coli, although they had diverged sufficiently to warrant a novel species name. Unfortunately, new isolates continue to be mistyped as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) or enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) owing to shared traits, most notably the ability to form A/E lesions. Consequently, E. albertii remains an underappreciated A/E pathogen, despite multiple reports demonstrating that many provisional EPEC and EHEC isolates incriminated in disease outbreaks are actually E. albertii Metagenomic studies on dozens of E. albertii isolates reveal a genetic architecture that boasts an arsenal of candidate virulence factors to rival that of its better-characterized cousins, EPEC and EHEC. Beyond these computational comparisons, studies addressing the regulation, structure, function, and mechanism of action of its repertoire of virulence factors are lacking. Thus, the paucity of knowledge about the epidemiology, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of E. albertii, coupled with its misclassification and its ability to develop multidrug resistance in a single step, highlights the challenges in combating this emerging pathogen. This review seeks to synthesize our current but incomplete understanding of the biology of E. albertii.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Smith
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
| | - Pina M. Fratamico
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
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Maheux AF, Brodeur S, Bérubé È, Boudreau DK, Abed JY, Boissinot M, Bissonnette L, Bergeron MG. Method for isolation of both lactose-fermenting and – non-fermenting Escherichia albertii strains from stool samples. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 154:134-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li Q, Wang H, Xu Y, Bai X, Wang J, Zhang Z, Liu X, Miao Y, Zhang L, Li X, Zou N, Yan G, Chen X, Zhang J, Fu S, Fan R, Xu J, Li J, Xiong Y. Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia albertii: Co-occurrence of β-Lactamase and MCR-1 Encoding Genes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 29503643 PMCID: PMC5820351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging member of the Enterobacteriaceae causing human and animal enteric infections. Antimicrobial resistance among enteropathogens has been reported to be increasing in the past years. The purpose of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance and resistance genes in E. albertii isolated from Zigong city, Sichuan province, China. The susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The highest prevalence was tetracycline resistance with a rate of 62.7%, followed by resistance to nalidixic acid and streptomycin with a rate of 56.9 and 51.0%, respectively. All isolates were sensitive or intermediate susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and levofloxacin. Among 51 E. albertii isolates, 15 were extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing as confirmed by the double disk test. The main β-lactamase gene groups, i.e., blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M, were detected in17, 20, and 22 isolates, respectively. Furthermore, four colistin-resistant isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 8 mg/L were identified. The colistin-resistant isolates all harbored mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-55. Genome sequencing showed that E. albertii strain SP140150 carried mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-55 in two different plasmids. This study provided significant information regarding antibiotic resistance profiles and identified the co-occurrence of β-lactamase and MCR-1 encoding genes in E. albertii isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Yimao Miao
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Xinqiong Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Nianli Zou
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Guodong Yan
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyue Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Grillová L, Sedláček I, Páchníková G, Staňková E, Švec P, Holochová P, Micenková L, Bosák J, Slaninová I, Šmajs D. Characterization of four Escherichia albertii isolates collected from animals living in Antarctica and Patagonia. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 80:138-146. [PMID: 29249728 PMCID: PMC5797873 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a recently discovered species with a limited number of well characterized strains. The aim of this study was to characterize four of the E. albertii strains, which were among 41 identified Escherichia strains isolated from the feces of living animals on James Ross Island, Antarctica, and Isla Magdalena, Patagonia. Sequencing of 16S rDNA, automated ribotyping, and rep-PCR were used to identify the four E. albertii isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on multi-locus sequence typing showed these isolates to be genetically most similar to the members of E. albertii phylogroup G3. These isolates encoded several virulence factors including those, which are characteristic of E. albertii (cytolethal distending toxin and intimin) as well as bacteriocin determinants that typically have a very low prevalence in E. coli strains (D, E7). Moreover, E. albertii protein extracts caused cell cycle arrest in human cell line A375, probably because of cytolethal distending toxin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grillová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Sedláček
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Páchníková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Staňková
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Holochová
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Micenková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Bosák
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Slaninová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Šmajs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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38
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Lindsey RL, Garcia-Toledo L, Fasulo D, Gladney LM, Strockbine N. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for identification of Escherichia coli, Escherichia albertii and Escherichia fergusonii. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 140:1-4. [PMID: 28599915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli, Escherichia albertii, and Escherichia fergusonii are closely related bacteria that can cause illness in humans, such as bacteremia, urinary tract infections and diarrhea. Current identification strategies for these three species vary in complexity and typically rely on the use of multiple phenotypic and genetic tests. To facilitate their rapid identification, we developed a multiplex PCR assay targeting conserved, species-specific genes. We used the Daydreamer™ (Pattern Genomics, USA) software platform to concurrently analyze whole genome sequence assemblies (WGS) from 150 Enterobacteriaceae genomes (107 E. coli, 5 Shigella spp., 21 E. albertii, 12 E. fergusonii and 5 other species) and design primers for the following species-specific regions: a 212bp region of the cyclic di-GMP regulator gene (cdgR, AW869_22935 from genome K-12 MG1655, CP014225) for E. coli/Shigella; a 393bp region of the DNA-binding transcriptional activator of cysteine biosynthesis gene (EAKF1_ch4033 from genome KF1, CP007025) for E. albertii; and a 575bp region of the palmitoleoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent acyltransferase (EFER_0790 from genome ATCC 35469, CU928158) for E. fergusonii. We incorporated the species-specific primers into a conventional multiplex PCR assay and assessed its performance with a collection of 97 Enterobacteriaceae strains. The assay was 100% sensitive and specific for detecting the expected species and offers a quick and accurate strategy for identifying E. coli, E. albertii, and E. fergusonii in either a single reaction or by in silico PCR with sequence assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Lindsey
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - L Garcia-Toledo
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, TN, USA
| | | | - L M Gladney
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N Strockbine
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Jahanbakhsh S, Letellier A, Fairbrother JM. Circulating of CMY-2 β-lactamase gene in weaned pigs and their environment in a commercial farm and the effect of feed supplementation with a clay mineral. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 121:136-48. [PMID: 27138244 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the mechanisms leading to an increase in the prevalence of blaCMY -2 conferring resistance to ceftiofur in pigs receiving a feed medicated with chlortetracycline and penicillin, and to examine the effect of supplementation with a clay mineral on this phenomenon. METHODS AND RESULTS In 138 blaCMY -2 -positive Escherichia coli isolates from faeces of pigs receiving feed supplemented or not with 2% clinoptilolite, from day 2 to day 28 after weaning, isolates from the two groups differed significantly with respect to their phylogenetic group: phylotype A predominated in the supplemented group, whereas phylotypes B1 and D predominated in the control group, as determined by PCR. In 36 representative isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the blaCMY -2 -positive E. coli isolates were polyclonal with diverse antimicrobial resistance patterns and blaCMY -2 -carrying plasmids of incompatibility (Inc) groups, A/C, I1 and ColE were observed in transformants as detected by PCR. Enterobacter cloacae possessing blaCMY -2 -carrying IncA/C plasmids were found in the pens before introduction of this batch of pigs. The blaCMY -2 -positive E. coli isolates were more clonally diverse in the control group than the supplemented group. CONCLUSIONS The blaCMY -2 gene appears to have spread both horizontally and clonally in this batch of pigs and may have spread from previous batches of pigs via plasmids carried by Ent. cloacae and expanded in animals of the present batch in the presence of the selection pressure due to administration of chlortetracycline and penicillin in the feed. Feed supplementation may have an effect on clonal diversity of blaCMY -2 -positive isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Implementation of improved hygiene measures, decreased administration of certain antimicrobials on farm and feed supplementation with certain ingredients may limit antimicrobial resistance spread between and within batches of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jahanbakhsh
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (EcL), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - A Letellier
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - J M Fairbrother
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (EcL), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Prevalence of eae-positive, lactose non-fermenting Escherichia albertii from retail raw meat in China. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:45-52. [PMID: 26004066 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a newly emerging enteric pathogen that has been associated with gastroenteritis in humans. Recently, E. albertii has also been detected in healthy and sick birds, animals, chicken meat and water. In the present study, the prevalence and characteristics of the eae-positive, lactose non-fermenting E. albertii strains in retail raw meat in China were evaluated. Thirty isolates of such strains of E. albertii were identified from 446 (6·73%) samples, including duck intestines (21·43%, 6/28), duck meat (9·52%, 2/21), chicken intestines (8·99%, 17/189), chicken meat (5·66%, 3/53), mutton meat (4·55%, 1/22) and pork meat (2·44%, 1/41). None was isolated from 92 samples of raw beef meat. Strains were identified as E. albertii by phenotypic properties, diagnostic PCR, sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, and housekeeping genes. Five intimin subtypes were harboured by these strains. All strains possessed the II/III/V subtype group of the cdtB gene, with two strains carrying another copy of the I/IV subtype group. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed high genetic diversity of E. albertii in raw meats. Our findings indicate that E. albertii can contaminate various raw meats, posing a potential threat to public health.
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Maeda E, Murakami K, Sera N, Ito K, Fujimoto S. Detection of Escherichia albertii from chicken meat and giblets. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:871-3. [PMID: 25754935 PMCID: PMC4527513 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii occasionally causes food-borne outbreaks of
gastroenteritis in humans; however, little is known about the vehicle of transmission. To
screen retail chicken products for the presence of E. albertii, 104
retail chicken products were investigated. Portions of enrichment cultures that were
PCR-positive for E. albertii (n=3) were sub-cultured on agar medium. Only
2 strains obtained from 2 chicken giblet samples were identified as E.
albertii by multi locus sequence typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
showed that 1 strain was resistant to streptomycin and sulfisoxazole. Both strains
harbored the virulence genes cdt and eae. This study is
the first description of E. albertii isolation from retail food,
suggesting that chicken products are a potential vehicle of E. albertii
transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Maeda
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
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Evaluating the occurrence of Escherichia albertii in chicken carcass rinses by PCR, Vitek analysis, and sequencing of the rpoB gene. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:1727-34. [PMID: 25548040 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03681-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a recently described species that has been associated with gastroenteritis in humans and with healthy and ill birds. Most recently, it has been identified as the causative agent in a food-borne outbreak in Japan. The distribution and clinical importance of E. albertii are not well studied because its importance is unclear. Culture methods for clinical isolation frequently miss E. albertii or incorrectly identify it as Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, or Hafnia alvei. This study was designed to determine if E. albertii could be recovered from chicken carcass rinses collected at slaughter during a 1-year period from November 2009 until October 2010. Colonies were isolated from chicken carcass rinses and tested by PCR for the presence or absence of clpX, lysP, mdh, intimin (eae), Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (stx1, stx2, and stx2f), heat-stable enterotoxin A (staA), and cytolethal distending toxins 1 and 2 (cdtB) genes. Sixty-five isolates were analyzed by sequencing a section of the rpoB gene. Analysis of the rpoB gene sequences revealed 14 fixed differences between E. albertii and other, closely related organisms. The fixed differences found in the rpoB gene could aid in future discrimination of E. albertii from closely related bacteria.
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