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Ozbey G, Muz MN, Tanriverdi ES, Erkan S, Bulut N, Otlu B, Zigo F. Chemical composition, antimicrobial activities, and molecular docking studies of Turkish propolis ethanol extract. CZECH JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES 2023; 41:144-154. [DOI: 10.17221/100/2022-cjfs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
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Widelski J, Okińczyc P, Suśniak K, Malm A, Paluch E, Sakipov A, Zhumashova G, Ibadullayeva G, Sakipova Z, Korona-Glowniak I. Phytochemical Profile and Antimicrobial Potential of Propolis Samples from Kazakhstan. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072984. [PMID: 37049747 PMCID: PMC10095981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current paper, we present the results of Kazakh propolis investigations. Due to limited data about propolis from this country, research was focused mainly on phytochemical analysis and evaluation of propolis antimicrobial activity. uHPLC-DAD (ultra-high-pressure-liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection, UV/VIS) and uHPLC-MS/MS (ultra-high-pressure-liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry) were used to phytochemical characteristics while antimicrobial activity was evaluated in the serial dilution method (MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration, and MBC/MFC, minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration measurements). In the study, Kazakh propolis exhibited a strong presence of markers characteristic of poplar-type propolis—flavonoid aglycones (pinocembrin, galangin, pinobanksin and pinobanskin-3-O-acetate) and hydroxycinnamic acid monoesters (mainly caffeic acid phenethyl ester and different isomers of caffeic acid prenyl ester). The second plant precursor of Kazakh propolis was aspen–poplar with 2-acetyl-1,3-di-p-coumaroyl glycerol as the main marker. Regarding antimicrobial activity, Kazakh propolis revealed stronger activity against reference Gram-positive strains (MIC from 31.3 to above 4000 mg/L) and yeasts (MIC from 62.5 to 1000 mg/L) than against reference Gram-negative strains (MIC ≥ 4000 mg/L). Moreover, Kazakh propolis showed good anti-Helicobacter pylori activity (MIC and MBC were from 31.3 to 62.5 mg/L). All propolis samples were also tested for H. pylori urease inhibitory activity (IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration, ranged from 440.73 to 11,177.24 µg/mL). In summary Kazakh propolis are potent antimicrobial agents and may be considered as a medicament in the future.
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Abd Rashid N, Mohammed SNF, Syed Abd Halim SA, Ghafar NA, Abdul Jalil NA. Therapeutic Potential of Honey and Propolis on Ocular Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1419. [PMID: 36422549 PMCID: PMC9696375 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey and propolis have recently become the key target of attention for treating certain diseases and promoting overall health and well-being. A high content of flavonoids and phenolic acids found in both honey and propolis contributes to the antioxidant properties to scavenge free radicals. Honey and propolis also exhibited antibacterial effects where they act in two ways, namely the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acids following the enzymatic activities of glucose oxidase, which exerts oxidative damage on the bacteria. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effects of honey and propolis are mainly by reducing proinflammatory factors such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Their effects on pain were discovered through modulation at a peripheral nociceptive neuron or binding to an opioid receptor in the higher center. The aforementioned properties of honey have been reported to possess potential therapeutic topical application on the exterior parts of the eyes, particularly in treating conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, and corneal injury. In contrast, most of the medicinal values of propolis are beneficial in the internal ocular area, such as the retina, optic nerve, and uvea. This review aims to update the current discoveries of honey and propolis in treating various ocular diseases, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-nociceptive properties. In conclusion, research has shown that propolis and honey have considerable therapeutic promise for treating various eye illnesses, although the present study designs are primarily animal and in vitro studies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to translate this finding into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhashima Abd Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Applied Science, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nur Farhana Mohammed
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nahdia Afiifah Abdul Jalil
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Ghosh S, Al-Sharify ZT, Maleka MF, Onyeaka H, Maleke M, Maolloum A, Godoy L, Meskini M, Rami MR, Ahmadi S, Al-Najjar SZ, Al-Sharify NT, Ahmed SM, Dehghani MH. Propolis efficacy on SARS-COV viruses: a review on antimicrobial activities and molecular simulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58628-58647. [PMID: 35794320 PMCID: PMC9258455 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This current study review provides a brief review of a natural bee product known as propolis and its relevance toward combating SARS-CoV viruses. Propolis has been utilized in medicinal products for centuries due to its excellent biological properties. These include anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and bactericidal activities. Furthermore, studies on molecular simulations show that flavonoids in propolis may reduce viral replication. While further research is needed to validate this theory, it has been observed that COVID-19 patients receiving propolis show earlier viral clearance, enhanced symptom recovery, quicker discharge from hospitals, and a reduced mortality rate relative to other patients. As a result, it appears that propolis could probably be useful in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Therefore, this review sought to explore the natural properties of propolis and further evaluated past studies that investigated propolis as an alternative product for the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms. In addition, the review also highlights the possible mode of propolis action as well as molecular simulations of propolis compounds that may interact with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The activity of propolis compounds in decreasing the impact of COVID-19-related comorbidities, the possible roles of such compounds as COVID-19 vaccine adjuvants, and the use of nutraceuticals in COVID-19 treatment, instead of pharmaceuticals, has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Zainab T Al-Sharify
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Bab-al-Mu'adhem, P.O. Box 14150, Baghdad, Iraq
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mathabatha Frank Maleka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maleke Maleke
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Alhaji Maolloum
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Liliana Godoy
- Department of Fruit and Oenology, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maryam Meskini
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Teheran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Teheran, Iran
| | - Mina Rezghi Rami
- Department of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Ahmadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahad Z Al-Najjar
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Noor T Al-Sharify
- Medical Instrumentation Engineering Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sura M Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Perspectives for Uses of Propolis in Therapy against Infectious Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144594. [PMID: 35889466 PMCID: PMC9320184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis has gained wide popularity over the last decades in several parts of the world. In parallel, the literature about propolis composition and biological properties increased markedly. A great number of papers have demonstrated that propolis from different parts of the world is composed mainly of phenolic substances, frequently flavonoids, derived from plant resins. Propolis has a relevant role in increasing the social immunity of bee hives. Experimental evidence indicates that propolis and its components have activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mechanisms of action on bacteria, fungi, and viruses are known for several propolis components. Experiments have shown that propolis may act synergistically with antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirus drugs, permitting the administration of lower doses of drugs and higher antimicrobial effects. The current trend of growing resistance of microbial pathogens to the available drugs has encouraged the introduction of propolis in therapy against infectious diseases. Because propolis composition is widely variable, standardized propolis extracts have been produced. Successful clinical trials have included propolis extracts as medicine in dentistry and as an adjuvant in the treatment of patients against COVID-19. Present world health conditions encourage initiatives toward the spread of the niche of propolis, not only as traditional and alternative medicine but also as a relevant protagonist in anti-infectious therapy. Production of propolis and other apiary products is environmentally friendly and may contribute to alleviating the current crisis of the decline of bee populations. Propolis production has had social-economic relevance in Brazil, providing benefits to underprivileged people.
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Lim Ah Tock M, Combrinck S, Kamatou G, Chen W, Van Vuuren S, Viljoen A. Antibacterial Screening, Biochemometric and Bioautographic Evaluation of the Non-Volatile Bioactive Components of Three Indigenous South African Salvia Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070901. [PMID: 35884155 PMCID: PMC9312202 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia africana-lutea L., S. lanceolata L., and S. chamelaeagnea L. are used in South Africa as traditional medicines to treat infections. This paper describes an in-depth investigation into their antibacterial activities to identify bioactive compounds. Methanol extracts from 81 samples were screened against seven bacterial pathogens, using the microdilution assay. Biochemometric models were constructed using data derived from minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data. Active molecules in selected extracts were tentatively identified using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), combined with bioautography, and finally, by analysis of active zone eluates by mass spectrometry (MS) via a dedicated interface. Salvia chamelaeagnea displayed notable activity towards all seven pathogens, and the activity, reflected by MICs, was superior to that of the other two species, as confirmed through ANOVA. Biochemometric models highlighted potentially bioactive compounds, including rosmanol methyl ether, epiisorosmanol methyl ether and carnosic acid. Bioautography assays revealed inhibition zones against A. baumannii, an increasingly multidrug-resistant pathogen. Mass spectral data of the eluted zones correlated to those revealed through biochemometric analysis. The study demonstrates the application of a biochemometric approach, bioautography, and direct MS analysis as useful tools for the rapid identification of bioactive constituents in plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Lim Ah Tock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.L.A.T.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.L.A.T.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Guy Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.L.A.T.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Weiyang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.L.A.T.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Sandy Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.L.A.T.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (W.C.)
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Yang W, Liu M, Chen B, Ning J, Wang K, Cai Y, Yang D, Zheng G. Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba, and Citri Fructus Retinervus. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3009-3023. [PMID: 36171768 PMCID: PMC9469855 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Citri Exocarpium Rubrum (CER), Citri Reticulatae Endocarpium Alba (CREA), and Citri Fructus Retinervus (CFR) are used as medicine and food, which derive from three different parts of the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco through natural drying. To systematically investigate similarities and differences in phytochemicals about the three herbs, a series of analytic approaches were applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in them. The results indicated a total of 48 volatile compounds were determined representing 99.92% of the total relative content of CER extracts, including 24 alkenes, 11 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 2 ketones, and 2 phenols, while volatile compounds were not extracted from CREA and CFR. CER was abundant in volatile components that mainly existed in the oil gland. And a total of 32, 35, and 28 nonvolatile compounds were identified from CER, CREA, and CFR extracts, respectively. The total content of flavonoids and phenolic, and hesperidin in CFR was the highest, followed by CREA and CER. Conversely, CER was a rich source of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), and the total polymethoxyflavone content (TPMFC), the content of nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′‐heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), tangeretin, and 5‐hydroxy‐6,7,8,3′,4′‐pentamethoxyflavone (5‐HPMF) in CREA and CFR were extremely low. Besides, CER and CREA had a higher concentration of synephrine than CFR. The phytochemicals of CER, CREA, and CFR were significantly different, which might provide chemical evidence for the comparative pharmacological activities’ research and rational application of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Yang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Mengshi Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Baizhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biological Technology Co., Ltd Jiangmen China
| | - Jinrong Ning
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Kanghui Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
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Widelski J, Okińczyc P, Paluch E, Mroczek T, Szperlik J, Żuk M, Sroka Z, Sakipova Z, Chinou I, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Malm A, Korona-Głowniak I. The Antimicrobial Properties of Poplar and Aspen–Poplar Propolises and Their Active Components against Selected Microorganisms, Including Helicobacter pylori. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020191. [PMID: 35215134 PMCID: PMC8875431 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a noticeable interest in alternative therapies where the outcome is the eradication of the Gram-negative bacterium, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), for the purpose of treating many stomach diseases (chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers) and preventing stomach cancer. It is especially urgent because the mentioned pathogen infects over 50% of the world’s population. Recent studies have shown the potential of natural products, such as medicinal plant and bee products, on the inhibition of H. pylori growth. Propolis is such a bee product, with known antimicrobial activities. The main scope of the study is the determination of the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts from 11 propolis samples (mostly from Poland, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Greece) against H. pylori, as well as selected bacterial and yeast species. The most effective against H. pylori was the propolis from Ukraine, with an MIC = 0.02 mg/mL while the rest of samples (except one) had an MIC = 0.03 mg/mL. Moreover, significant antimicrobial activity against Gram+ bacteria (with an MIC of 0.02–2.50 mg/mL) and three yeasts (with an MIC of 0.04–0.63 mg/mL) was also observed. A phytochemical analysis (polyphenolic profile) of the propolis samples, by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-MS), was performed. An evaluation of the impact of the propolis components on antimicrobial activity, consisting of statistical analyses (principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical fuzzy clustering), was then performed. It was observed that the chemical composition characteristics of the poplar propolis correlated with higher antibacterial activity, while that of the poplar and aspen propolis correlated with weaker antibacterial activity. To summarize the activity in vitro, all tested propolis samples indicate that they can be regarded as useful and potent factors in antimicrobial therapies, especially against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Widelski
- Department of Pharmacognosy with the Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (P.O.); Tel.: +48-81-448-70-86 (J.W.); +48-71-448-70-86 (P.O.)
| | - Piotr Okińczyc
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (P.O.); Tel.: +48-81-448-70-86 (J.W.); +48-71-448-70-86 (P.O.)
| | - Emil Paluch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (T.M.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Jakub Szperlik
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Botanical Garden, Laboratory of Tissue Culture, University of Wrocław, 50-525 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Żuk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Zuriyadda Sakipova
- School of Pharmacy, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Ioanna Chinou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (T.M.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (I.K.-G.)
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (I.K.-G.)
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A Specific Mixture of Propolis and Carnosic Acid Triggers a Strong Fungicidal Action against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111395. [PMID: 34827333 PMCID: PMC8614879 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antifungal chemotherapy against the prevalent basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans displays some drawbacks. This pathogenic fungus is refractory to echinocandins, whereas conventional treatment with amphotericin B plus 5-fluorocytosine has a limited efficacy. In this study, we explored the potential cryptococcal activity of some natural agents. After conducting a screening test with a set of propolis from different geographical areas, we selected an extract from China, which displayed a certain cytotoxic activity against C. neoformans, due to this extract being cheap and easily available in large amounts. The combination of this kind of propolis with carnosic acid in a 1:4 ratio induced a stronger fungicidal effect, which occurred following a synergistic pattern, without visible alterations in external cell morphology. Furthermore, several carnosic acid–propolis formulations applied onto preformed biofilms decreased the metabolic activity of the sessile cells forming biofilms. These data support the potential application of mixtures containing these two natural extracts in the design of new antifungal strategies in order to combat opportunistic infections caused by prevalent pathogenic fungi.
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Rapper SLD, Tankeu SY, Kamatou G, Viljoen A, van Vuuren S. The use of chemometric modelling to determine chemical composition-antimicrobial activity relationships of essential oils used in respiratory tract infections. Fitoterapia 2021; 154:105024. [PMID: 34455037 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial effects of essential oils are commonly cited within aromatherapeutic texts for use in respiratory tract infections. These essential oils are inhaled or applied to the skin to treat infections and manage symptoms associated with these conditions. A limited number of these essential oils have been scientifically studied to support these claims, specifically, against respiratory pathogens. This study reports on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 49 commercial essential oils recommended for respiratory tract infections, and identifies putative biomarkers responsible for the determined antimicrobial effect following a biochemometric workflow. Essential oils were investigated against nine pathogens. Three essential oils, Amyris balsamifera (amyris), Coriandrum sativum (coriander) and Santalum austrocaledonicum (sandalwood) were identified as having greater activity (MIC value = 0.03-0.13 mg/ml) compared to the other essential oils investigated. The essential oil composition of all 49 oils were determined using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis and the GC-MS data analysed together with the antimicrobial data using chemometric tools. Eugenol was identified as the main biomarker responsible for antimicrobial activity in the majority of the essential oils. The ability of a chemometric model to accurately predict the active and inactive biomarkers of the investigated essential oils against pathogens of the respiratory tract was 80.33%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Leigh-de Rapper
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Sidonie Yankam Tankeu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Guy Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Sandy van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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Marques de Farias P, Barros de Vasconcelos L, da Silva Ferreira ME, Alves Filho EG, De Freitas VAA, Tapia-Blácido DR. Nopal cladode as a novel reinforcing and antioxidant agent for starch-based films: A comparison with lignin and propolis extract. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:614-626. [PMID: 33933543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The potential use of nopal cladode flour (NC) as reinforcing/bioactive agent in cassava starch-based films was evaluated and compared with the use of propolis extract or lignin, which are commonly used for these purposes. Cassava starch-based films containing untreated NC (S-NC), NC treated at pH 12 (S-NC12), aqueous propolis extract at two different concentrations (SP1 or SP2), or lignin (S-L) were produced by the casting technique; glycerol was used as plasticizer. NC12 and NC affected the mechanical properties of the cassava starch-based film similarly as compared to propolis extract and lignin. Moreover, NC and NC12 had different performance as reinforcing and antioxidant agent in cassava starch-based film. Thus, S-NC12 film was more elongable (28.5 ± 6.5%), more hydrophobic (contact angle: 70.8° ± 0.1), less permeable to water vapor (0.8 ± 0.0 × 10-10 g·m-1·s-1·Pa-1) and had better antioxidant activity by ABTS•+ (44.70 ± 0.3 μM Trolox·g-1 of film) than the S-NC film. SEM and TGA analysis of films showed that NC12 was better incorporated into the cassava starch matrix than NC, lignin and propolis extract. Overall, nopal cladode flour has potential use in the production of active biodegradable packaging for the food preservation with high oxidation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Marques de Farias
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, 2977 - Bloco 847 - Campus do Pici, CEP 60356-001 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucicleia Barros de Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, 2977 - Bloco 847 - Campus do Pici, CEP 60356-001 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Márcia Eliana da Silva Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, S/N, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elenilson G Alves Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, 2977 - Bloco 847 - Campus do Pici, CEP 60356-001 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Victor A A De Freitas
- Departamento de Ciências naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Building B, Office B.07, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Delia Rita Tapia-Blácido
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - CEP 14040-901 Bairro Monte Alegre- Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Anokwuru CP, Sandasi M, Chen W, van Vuuren S, Elisha IL, Combrinck S, Viljoen AM. Investigating antimicrobial compounds in South African Combretaceae species using a biochemometric approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113681. [PMID: 33307052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many species within the family Combretaceae are popular medicinal plants that are used traditionally to treat various conditions, of which many are related to bacterial infections. Global concerns regarding the increasing resistance of pathogens towards currently available antibiotics have encouraged researchers to find new drugs with antibacterial activity, particularly from plant sources. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed at exploring the broad-spectrum antibacterial potential of methanol extracts of species representing four genera of Combretaceae (Combretum, Pteleopsis, Quisqualis, Terminalia), indigenous to South Africa, using a biochemometric approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The microdilution assay was used to determine the antibacterial activities, measured as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), of the 51 methanol extracts representing 35 Combretaceae species, against nine species of pathogenic bacteria. Integrative biochemometric analysis was performed, thereby correlating the MIC values with the metabolomic data obtained from ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis. Orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were constructed for six pathogens displaying variation in their susceptibility towards the extracts. RESULTS Evaluation of the overall MIC values obtained indicated that extracts of species from the four genera displayed the highest activity towards Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 (average MIC 0.52 mg/mL) and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (average MIC 0.63 mg/mL). These bacteria were the most sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Extracts from Combretum acutifolium, Combretum imberbe and Combretum elaeagnoides were the most active, with average MIC values of 0.70 mg/mL, 0.52 mg/mL and 0.45 mg/mL, respectively. Five triterpenoid compounds were tentatively identified as biomarkers from the biochemometric analysis. CONCLUSION Correlation of the phytochemistry of species from four genera in the Combretaceae family with antibacterial activity revealed that triterpenoids are responsible for the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu P Anokwuru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Maxleene Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drug Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Weiyang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Sandy van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Ishaku L Elisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Alvaro M Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drug Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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13
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Shabbir J, Khurshid Z, Qazi F, Sarwar H, Afaq H, Salman S, Adanir N. Effect of Different Host-Related Factors on Postoperative Endodontic Pain in Necrotic Teeth Dressed with Interappointment Intracanal Medicaments: A Multicomparison Study. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:152-157. [PMID: 33511602 PMCID: PMC7902120 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The current study aimed to assess the impact of factors such as age, gender, and the tooth type on postoperative endodontic pain in necrotic teeth with symptomatic periapical periodontitis and radiolucency dressed randomly with either calcium hydroxide or propolis paste.
Materials and Methods
The standard chemomechanical root canal preparation of 80 teeth was performed by the primary investigator. The intracanal medicaments were inserted by the secondary operator. Patients self-recorded their postoperative endodontic pain intensity with the help of visual analog scale at 4, 12, 24 (day 2), 48 (day 3), and 72 (day 4) hours. During analysis, patients (68/80) were grouped according to gender, age, and the tooth type.
Statistical Analysis
Mann–Whitney’s
U
test was applied for mean pain score comparison between genders and between tooth type. Kruskal–Wallis’ test was applied for mean pain score comparison between the age groups.
Results
No significant difference (
p
> 0.05) in pain scores was found between the age groups and between the tooth types. Males had significantly higher pain scores as compared with females at days 2 (
p
= 0.035), 3 (
p
= 0.023), and 4 (
p
= 0.020).
Conclusion
The results suggested that there was no impact of age and tooth types on postoperative endodontic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzer Shabbir
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Qazi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Sarwar
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Afaq
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Salman
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hamdard University Dental Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Necdet Adanir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Novel Bi-Factorial Strategy against Candida albicans Viability Using Carnosic Acid and Propolis: Synergistic Antifungal Action. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050749. [PMID: 32429493 PMCID: PMC7284847 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential fungicidal action of the natural extracts, carnosic acid (obtained from rosemary) and propolis (from honeybees’ panels) against the highly prevalent yeast Candida albicans, used herein as an archetype of pathogenic fungi, was tested. The separate addition of carnosic acid and propolis on exponential cultures of the standard SC5314 C. albicans strain caused a moderate degree of cell death at relatively high concentrations. However, the combination of both extracts, especially in a 1:4 ratio, induced a potent synergistic pattern, leading to a drastic reduction in cell survival even at much lower concentrations. The result of a mathematical analysis by isobologram was consistent with synergistic action of the combined extracts rather than a merely additive effect. In turn, the capacity of SC5314 cells to form in vitro biofilms was also impaired by the simultaneous presence of both agents, supporting the potential application of carnosic acid and propolis mixtures in the prevention and treatment of clinical infections as an alternative to antibiotics and other antifungal agents endowed with reduced toxic side effects.
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Elnaggar YS, Elwakil BH, Elshewemi SS, El-Naggar MY, Bekhit AA, Olama ZA. Novel Siwa propolis and colistin-integrated chitosan nanoparticles: elaboration; in vitro and in vivo appraisal. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1269-1284. [PMID: 32410497 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study aimed to formulate novel cremophore-decorated chitosan nanoparticles of colistin, integrated with Siwa propolis extract, to solve bacterial resistance to colistin. Materials & methods: The novel nanoformula was prepared using an incorporation method. Physicochemical assessment and in vivo studies of the selected nanoformulations were performed. Results: The nanoformulation exhibited a nanosize of 48.3 nm, high ζ potential (43.6 mV), high entrapment efficiency (75%) and complete bacterial growth eradication within 2 h (minimum inhibitory concentration = 6.25 μg/ml). Histological examination showed that incorporation of colistin into the nanoformulation could successfully prevent its nephrotoxicity. Conclusion: Tailoring of proper nanocarrier could successfully revert bacteria from being colistin-resistant to colistin-sensitive. The developed nanoformulation can be considered as a potential antibacterial agent in pneumonia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Sr Elnaggar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Head of International-publication & Nanotechnology Consultation Center (INCC), Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bassma H Elwakil
- Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health & Sport sciences, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Zakia A Olama
- Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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16
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Santos LM, Fonseca MS, Sokolonski AR, Deegan KR, Araújo RP, Umsza-Guez MA, Barbosa JD, Portela RD, Machado BA. Propolis: types, composition, biological activities, and veterinary product patent prospecting. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1369-1382. [PMID: 31487405 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous substance composed of a mixture of different plant parts and molecules secreted by bees. Chemically, it is defined as a complex matrix containing biologically active molecules with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. It is widely employed in cosmetic formulations and pharmaceutical products and is one of the most widely used natural products. However, the effects and strength of these biological activities depend on the chemical profile and composition of each propolis type. This composition is associated with the diversity of local flora, the place and period of collection, and the genetics of the bees. In this context, the objective of this review was to investigate the biological, chemical, and microbiological properties of propolis. A technological prospection was also performed on patents for products designed to be used in animal health. Our investigation shows that the literature contains diverse studies dedicated to comparing and describing the composition and therapeutic properties of propolis. These studies demonstrate the potential biological use of propolis in veterinary medicine, showing the applications of propolis extracts in different formulations. However, there are a low number of propolis-based veterinary products with a registered patent. Thus, the development of products based on propolis is a promising market to be exploited. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laerte M Santos
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Maísa S Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e Sistemas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ana R Sokolonski
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e Sistemas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Kathleen R Deegan
- Serviço de Animais Silvestres, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pc Araújo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e Sistemas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Umsza-Guez
- Departamento de Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Josiane Dv Barbosa
- Instituto de Tecnologias da Saúde, Centro Universitário SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Portela
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruna As Machado
- Instituto de Tecnologias da Saúde, Centro Universitário SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
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Bonin E, Carvalho VM, Avila VD, Aparecida dos Santos NC, Benassi-Zanqueta É, Contreras Lancheros CA, Santos Previdelli IT, Ueda-Nakamura T, Alves de Abreu Filho B, Nunes do Prado I. Baccharis dracunculifolia: Chemical constituents, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Kharsany K, Viljoen A, Leonard C, van Vuuren S. The new buzz: Investigating the antimicrobial interactions between bioactive compounds found in South African propolis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111867. [PMID: 30978456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis, a resinous substance produced by the Apis mellifera bee, contains a number of flavonoids sourced from plants found in the surrounding region. Whilst bees use this substance to seal off and protect the beehive, humans have used propolis therapeutically for centuries, making use of its antibacterial, antiseptic, antipyretic and wound healing properties, among others. South African propolis is rich in the flavonoids pinocembrin, galangin, and chrysin and very little previous research has been conducted on the antimicrobial effects of these compounds. AIM OF THE STUDY To obtain an understanding of the antimicrobial activity of the compounds pinocembrin, galangin, and chrysin, both independently and in combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds pinocembrin, galangin and chrysin were investigated for interactive antimicrobial activity by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), anti-quorum sensing activity, biofilm studies, and toxicity studies (brine shrimp lethality assay). RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentration results demonstrated that combinations of compounds showed better inhibitory activity than single compounds. When the flavonoids were tested in combination using the MIC assay, synergy was noted for 22% of the 1:1 ratio combinations and for 66% of the triple 1:1:1 ratio combinations. Similarly, MBC results showed bactericidal activity from selected combinations, while the compounds on their own demonstrated no cidal activity. Quorum sensing studies showed that compound combinations are more effective at inhibiting bacterial communication than the individual compounds. Biofilm assays showed that the highest percentage inhibition was observed for the triple combination against E. coli at 24 h. Finally, brine shrimp lethality studies revealed that combinations of the three compounds had reduced cytotoxicity when compared to the individual compounds. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the compounds found in South African propolis work synergistically to achieve an optimal antimicrobial effect, whilst simultaneously minimizing cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kharsany
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - A Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - C Leonard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - S van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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Grecka K, Kuś PM, Okińczyc P, Worobo RW, Walkusz J, Szweda P. The Anti-Staphylococcal Potential of Ethanolic Polish Propolis Extracts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091732. [PMID: 31058881 PMCID: PMC6540221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal objective of this study was to determine the anti-staphylococcal potential of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEPs). A total of 20 samples of propolis collected from apiaries located in different regions of Poland were used in the study. The two-fold broth microdilution method revealed some important differences in the antimicrobial activity of investigated EEPs. Up to the concentration of 4096 µg/mL no activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Staphylococci exhibited much higher susceptibility. The highest efficiency observed for EEP12 and EEP20 (MIC values ranged between 32 and 256 µg/mL). However, the achievement of bactericidal effect usually required higher concentrations. In the case of clinical isolates of S. aureus MBC values for EEP12 and EEP20 ranged from 512 to 1024 µg/mL. The HPLC analysis revealed that these two products contained a higher concentration of flavonoids (flavonols, flavones, and flavanones) compared to other investigated EEPs. In checkerboard test, a synergistic anti-staphylococcal effect was observed for the action of EEP20 in combination with amikacin, kanamycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, and fusidic acid (all these antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis). Moreover, the investigated EEPs effectively eradicated staphylococcal biofilm. The obtained results clearly confirm the high anti-staphylococcal potential of propolis harvested in Polish apiaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr M Kuś
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Piotr Okińczyc
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Randy W Worobo
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Justyna Walkusz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Szweda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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20
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Headspace analysis and characterisation of South African propolis volatile compounds using GCxGC–ToF–MS. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Romero M, Freire J, Pastene E, García A, Aranda M, González C. Propolis polyphenolic compounds affect the viability and structure of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Nazeri R, Ghaiour M, Abbasi S. Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Propolis and its Application in Mouthwash Production. Front Dent 2019; 16:1-12. [PMID: 31608331 PMCID: PMC6778618 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v16i1.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Our purpose was to determine the antibacterial properties of propolis and to evaluate its use as an antibacterial mouthwash with minimal complications. Materials and Methods: In this experimental laboratory study, an alcoholic propolis extract was prepared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated for four bacterial species including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) using agar dilution. According to the MIC, a propolis antibacterial mouthwash was produced and compared to water, chlorhexidine (CHX), and Listerine using laboratory rats for clinical examination. Salivary specimens of rats were collected at 12 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks after using the mouthwash and examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures ANOVA (α=0.05). Results: The results of agar dilution by the number of colony-forming units showed the lowest MIC for S. aureus and the highest for L. acidophilus. Our RT-PCR findings indicated that water alone had no effect on the level of oral bacteria. Propolis mouthwash showed a significant difference with CHX and Listerine (P<0.05) in terms of the number of S. mutans, E. faecalis, and L. acidophilus colonies, while CHX and Listerine were less efficient. There was no significant difference between CHX and propolis (P=0.110) regarding S. aureus colonies, but Listerine had a lower efficacy than either (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, propolis mouthwash was more efficient against the studied oral bacteria compared to CHX and Listerine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Nazeri
- Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghaiour
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Abbasi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of African Propolis. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 109:415-450. [PMID: 31637531 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12858-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural remedies have for centuries played a significant role in traditional medicine and continue to be a unique reservoir of new chemical entities in drug discovery and development research. Propolis is a natural substance, collected by bees mainly from plant resins, which has a long history of use as a folk remedy to treat a variety of ailments. The highly variable phytochemical composition of propolis is attributed to differences in plant diversity within the geographic regions from which it is collected. Despite the fact that the last five decades has seen significant advancements in the understanding of the chemistry and biological activity of propolis, a search of the literature has revealed that studies on African propolis to date are rather limited. The aim of this contribution is to report on the current body of knowledge of African propolis, with a particular emphasis on its chemistry and biological activity. As Africa is a continent with a rich flora and a vast diversity of ecosystems, there is a wide range of propolis phytochemicals that may be exploited in the development of new drug scaffolds.
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Bankova V, Popova M, Trusheva B. The phytochemistry of the honeybee. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 155:1-11. [PMID: 30053651 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees rely on plants for everything they need to keep the colony running; plant nectar and pollen are their only carbohydrate and protein food sources. By foraging to satisfy their basic nutritional demand, honeybees inevitably gather specialized plant metabolites as part of the nectar and pollen. In general, these compounds possess biological activity which may become relevant in fighting pests and pathogens in the hive. The third plant derived bee product, besides honey and bee pollen, is propolis (bee glue), which comes from plant resins. It is not a food; it is used as a building material and a defensive substance. Thus, the beehive is rich in specialized plant metabolites, produced by many different plant species and the expression "Phytochemistry of honeybees" is not inappropriate. However, it is virtually impossible to perform a detailed overview of the phytochemical features of honey and pollen in a review article of this nature, for reasons of space. The present review deals with propolis, because it is the bee product with highest concentration of specialized plant metabolites and has valuable pharmacological activities. The most recent developments concerning plant sources of propolis, bees' preferences to particular plants, the application of metabolomic approaches and chemometrics to propolis research and the problems concerning standardization of propolis are summarized. The overview covers the literature published in the last decade, after 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassya Bankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Milena Popova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Boryana Trusheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Mokhetho KC, Sandasi M, Ahmad A, Kamatou GP, Viljoen AM. Identification of potential anti-quorum sensing compounds in essential oils: a gas chromatography-based metabolomics approach. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2018.1503100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kopang C. Mokhetho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Maxleene Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Guy P. Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alvaro M. Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- Faculty of Science, SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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Gucwa K, Kusznierewicz B, Milewski S, Van Dijck P, Szweda P. Antifungal Activity and Synergism with Azoles of Polish Propolis. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7020056. [PMID: 29921833 PMCID: PMC6027192 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our work was to check if one of the products of natural origin, namely honey bee propolis, may be an alternative or supplement to currently used antifungal agents. The activity of 50 ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEPs), harvested in Polish apiaries, was tested on a group of 69 clinical isolates of C. albicans. Most of the EEPs showed satisfactory activity, with minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) mainly in the range of 0.08⁻1.25% (v/v). Eradication of biofilm from polystyrene microtitration plates in 50% (MBEC50, Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration) required concentrations in the range of 0.04% (v/v) to more than 1.25% (v/v). High activity was also observed in eradication of biofilm formed by C. glabrata and C. krusei on the surfaces of PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and silicone catheters. EEPs at subinhibitory concentrations inhibited yeast-to-mycelia morphological transformation of C. albicans in liquid medium and mycelial growth on solid medium. A synergistic effect was observed for the action of EEP in combination with fluconazole (FLU) and voriconazole (VOR) against C. albicans. In the presence of EEP at concentrations as low as 0.02%, the MICs of FLU and VOR were 256 to 32 times lower in comparison to those of the drug alone. Evidence for the fungal cell membrane as the most probable target of EEPs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gucwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 bus 2438, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, bus 2438, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Piotr Szweda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Granato D, Putnik P, Kovačević DB, Santos JS, Calado V, Rocha RS, Cruz AGD, Jarvis B, Rodionova OY, Pomerantsev A. Trends in Chemometrics: Food Authentication, Microbiology, and Effects of Processing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:663-677. [PMID: 33350122 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the use of multivariate statistical techniques developed for analytical chemistry has been adopted widely in food science and technology. Usually, chemometrics is applied when there is a large and complex dataset, in terms of sample numbers, types, and responses. The results are used for authentication of geographical origin, farming systems, or even to trace adulteration of high value-added commodities. In this article, we provide an extensive practical and pragmatic overview on the use of the main chemometrics tools in food science studies, focusing on the effects of process variables on chemical composition and on the authentication of foods based on chemical markers. Pattern recognition methods, such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis, have been used to associate the level of bioactive components with in vitro functional properties, although supervised multivariate statistical methods have been used for authentication purposes. Overall, chemometrics is a useful aid when extensive, multiple, and complex real-life problems need to be addressed in a multifactorial and holistic context. Undoubtedly, chemometrics should be used by governmental bodies and industries that need to monitor the quality of foods, raw materials, and processes when high-dimensional data are available. We have focused on practical examples and listed the pros and cons of the most used chemometric tools to help the user choose the most appropriate statistical approach for analysis of complex and multivariate data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Granato
- Dept. of Food Engineering, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Predrag Putnik
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Univ. of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Bursać Kovačević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Univ. of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jânio Sousa Santos
- Dept. of Food Engineering, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Verônica Calado
- School of Chemistry, Federal Univ. of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ramon Silva Rocha
- Dept. de Alimentos, Inst. Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFRJ), 20270-021, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Gomes Da Cruz
- Dept. de Alimentos, Inst. Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFRJ), 20270-021, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Basil Jarvis
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The Univ. of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, U.K
| | - Oxana Ye Rodionova
- Semenov Inst. of Chemical Physics RAS, Kosygin str. 4, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Pomerantsev
- Semenov Inst. of Chemical Physics RAS, Kosygin str. 4, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Kasote DM, Pawar MV, Bhatia RS, Nandre VS, Gundu SS, Jagtap SD, Kulkarni MV. HPLC, NMR based chemical profiling and biological characterisation of Indian propolis. Fitoterapia 2017; 122:52-60. [PMID: 28842358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate chemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Indian Melifera propolis (IMP) samples collected from 13 different states. Chemical characterisation of ethanolic extracts of IMP (EEMP) samples was carried out by using HPLC and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of EEMP samples was measured by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of each EEMP sample tested against bacteria and yeast using a 96 well plate microdilution method. All EEMP samples had remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant potential of EEMP samples found to have a moderate positive correlation with their total phenolics and flavonoids content. Majority of EEMP samples had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤1mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. Chemometric analysis of 1HNMR data indicated that brown, green, green-brown, red and red-brown coloured IMP samples were chemically distinct from each other, and showed two separate clusters for northern and southern states propolis samples. HPLC analysis confirmed phenethyl caffeate was most common and abundant compound in IMP samples among studied compounds. In conclusion, this study may be helpful for defining the quality of IMP as a raw material, and also in finished food and health care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak M Kasote
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Minal V Pawar
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Riya S Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinod S Nandre
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shridevi S Gundu
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh D Jagtap
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohan V Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Van Vuuren S, Holl D. Antimicrobial natural product research: A review from a South African perspective for the years 2009-2016. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:236-252. [PMID: 28694104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This review provides information on the antimicrobial research which has taken place on South African natural products for the last eight years (2009-2016). This important field is the backbone of all studies involving the use of medicinal plants against infectious diseases and hence can form the mainstay for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS All publications within the years 2009-2016 were considered. Exclusion criteria were studies not involving South African medicinal natural products and those publications where full articles could not be accessed. An overview of the most common experimental methods used and new advances in terms of antimicrobial investigations are provided. Disease categories selected for further investigation were skin and wounds, respiratory, gastrointestinal, sexually transmitted and ophthalmic infections amongst others. Alternate natural products and combinations studies were also included. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the most commonly used experimental method to determine antimicrobial activity. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly tested skin pathogen and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen implicated in respiratory disorders. Only 20% of gastrointestinal studies included commonly implicated pathogens such as Shigella flexneri and Campylobacter species. CONCLUSION Multidisciplinary studies have emerged as a strong support for antimicrobial investigations and show the importance of including toxicity when studying antimicrobial efficacy. Alternate approaches (for example biofilms and quorum sensing) at examining antimicrobial effects are encouraged. Studies on resistant strains require more insight and future recommendations should look at consistent dosing and investigations on compound interactions amongst others.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - D Holl
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
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Characteristics, chemical compositions and biological activities of propolis from Al-Bahah, Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41453. [PMID: 28165013 PMCID: PMC5292687 DOI: 10.1038/srep41453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis has been used to treat several diseases since ancient times, and is an important source of bioactive natural compounds and drug derivatives. These properties have kept the interest of investigators around the world, leading to the investigation of the chemical and biological properties and application of propolis. In this report, the chemical constituents that are responsible for the anticancer activities of propolis were analyzed. The propolis was sourced from Al-Baha in the southern part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Standard protocols for chemical fractionation and bioactivity-guided chemical analysis were used to identify the bio-active ethyl acetate fraction. The extraction was performed in methanol and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major compounds are triterpenoids, with a relative concentration of 74.0%; steroids, with a relative concentration of 9.8%; and diterpenoids, with a relative concentration of 7.9%. The biological activity was characterized using different approaches and cell-based assays. Propolis was found to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner through apoptosis. Immunofluorescence staining with anti-α-tubulin antibodies and cell cycle analysis indicated that tubulin and/or microtubules are the cellular targets of the L-acetate fraction. This study demonstrates the importance of Saudi propolis as anti-cancer drug candidates.
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Anđelković B, Vujisić L, Vučković I, Tešević V, Vajs V, Gođevac D. Metabolomics study of Populus type propolis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 135:217-226. [PMID: 28012592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we propose rapid and simple spectroscopic methods to determine the chemical composition of propolis derived from various Populus species using a metabolomics approach. In order to correlate variability in Populus type propolis composition with the altitude of its collection, NMR, IR, and UV spectroscopy followed by OPLS was conducted. The botanical origin of propolis was established by comparing propolis spectral data to those of buds of various Populus species. An O2PLS method was utilized to integrate two blocks of data. According to OPLS and O2PLS, the major compounds in propolis samples, collected from temperate continental climate above 500m, were phenolic glycerides originating from P. tremula buds. Flavonoids were predominant in propolis samples collected below 400m, originating from P. nigra and P. x euramericana buds. Samples collected at 400-500m were of mixed origin, with variable amounts of all detected metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boban Anđelković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubodrag Vujisić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Vučković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vele Tešević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vlatka Vajs
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Gođevac
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Comparative Study of Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Yellow, Green, Brown, and Red Brazilian Propolis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6057650. [PMID: 27525023 PMCID: PMC4972909 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6057650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and biological activity of a sample of yellow propolis from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (EEP-Y MS), were investigated for the first time and compared with green, brown, and red types of Brazilian propolis and with a sample of yellow propolis from Cuba. Overall, EEP-Y MS had different qualitative chemical profiles, as well as different cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities when compared to the other types of propolis assessed in this study and it is a different chemotype of Brazilian propolis. Absence of phenolic compounds and the presence of mixtures of aliphatic compounds in yellow propolis were determined by analysing (1)H-NMR spectra and fifteen terpenes were identified by GC-MS. EEP-Y MS showed cytotoxic activity against human tumour strain OVCAR-8 but was not active against Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. Our results confirm the difficulty of establishing a uniform quality standard for propolis from diverse geographical origins. The most appropriate pharmacological applications of yellow types of propolis must be further investigated.
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Freires IA, Queiroz VCPP, Furletti VF, Ikegaki M, de Alencar SM, Duarte MCT, Rosalen PL. Chemical composition and antifungal potential of Brazilian propolis against Candida spp. J Mycol Med 2016; 26:122-132. [PMID: 26916845 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is known to have biological properties against numerous microorganisms of clinical interest. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and antifungal activity of Brazilian propolis (types 3 and 13) against Candida spp. and their effects on the morphology of preformed and mature Candida biofilms. Samples of propolis (3 and 13) collected by Apis mellifera honeybees were obtained from different regions in Brazil. Ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) were prepared, fractionated and submitted to chemical analysis by GC/MS. The extracts and their hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions were tested for their ability to inhibit Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. kruzei, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis) by determination of the minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC/MFC). Additionally, their effects on morphology of preformed and mature biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The phenolic compounds p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), kaempferol and quercetin were identified in the EEP-3 and its bioactive dichloromethane fraction; and isoflavonoids such as medicarpin, vestitol and formononetin were found in the EEP-13, and triterpenes in its bioactive hexane fraction. The EEP-3 and EEP-13 and their bioactive fractions showed MIC values ranging from 0.2 to 125μg/mL and MFC values between 125 and 500μg/mL. The EEP and fractions were predominantly fungistatic agents. All extracts and fractions disrupted biofilm structures at 500μg/mL and amorphous areas with cell damage were clearly observed in preformed and mature biofilms. Propolis types 3 and 13 have strong anti-Candida activity and should be considered as promising candidates to treat oral and systemic candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Freires
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - V C P P Queiroz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - V F Furletti
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, University of Campinas, Campinas (UNICAMP), Box 6171, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M Ikegaki
- Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S M de Alencar
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - M C T Duarte
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, University of Campinas, Campinas (UNICAMP), Box 6171, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - P L Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13414-018 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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