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S K, Panneer Selvam S, Shanmugam R, Ramadoss R, Sundar S, Ramani P. Exploring the Antimicrobial Potential and Cytotoxic Effects of Different Brassica oleracea Varieties. Cureus 2024; 16:e59613. [PMID: 38832175 PMCID: PMC11146442 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries has become a substantial global health burden, and many techniques have been used in dentistry to protect the tooth from decay. Brassica oleracea is a green cruciferous vegetable with a good source of vitamins C, K and E, which are also effective antibiotics and antioxidants. These characteristics will shield the oral cavity from pathogenic onslaught and can be considered during the formulation of antimicrobial mouthwash, toothpaste, or dental sealants. MATERIALS AND METHODS B. oleracea extract was prepared by heating and condensing the red and green cabbage. Both extracts were assessed for antimicrobial activity (antibacterial and antifungal activities) and cytotoxicity. After incubation, the zone of inhibition was calculated for antibacterial activity and the number of live nauplii for cytotoxicity. Results: The extract from red cabbage was found to have more effective antibacterial properties than that from green cabbage. The red B. oleracea extract formed the highest zone of inhibition against Candida albicans (20 mm), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (15 mm) and Streptococcus mutans (9 mm). In contrast, the green cabbage extract formed the highest inhibition against E. faecalis (12 mm). The cytotoxicity increases with increased concentration, with the highest toxicity at 20 µL for both extracts. Conclusion: The properties of B. oleracea can be utilized in dental products such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and dental sealants due to their antibacterial effects. By incorporating B. oleracea extracts into these products, oral health professionals may soon have additional tools to promote oral hygiene and prevent oral infections, offering a natural and effective alternative to traditional oral care ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavishri S
- Oral Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Suganya Panneer Selvam
- Oral Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Ramya Ramadoss
- Oral Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sandhya Sundar
- Oral Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral Biology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Yeo HJ, Ki WY, Lee S, Kim CY, Kim JK, Park SU, Park CH. Metabolite profiles and biological activities of different phenotypes of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis). Food Res Int 2023; 174:113619. [PMID: 37981381 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage is considered as one of the most important cruciferous vegetables in South Korea because of its use in salads, kimchi, and Korean cuisine. Secondary metabolites were quantified in three Chinese cabbage varieties: 65065, interspecific hybrid of Chinese cabbage × red cabbage exhibiting a deep purple color; 85772, interspecific hybrid of Chinese cabbage × red mustard exhibiting a reddish-purple color; and a typical Chinese green cabbage cultivar "CR Carotene" (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis cv. CR Carotene). A total of 54 metabolites (2 amines, 2 sugar alcohols, 2 sugar phosphates, 6 carbohydrates, 18 amino acids, 13 organic acids, 8 phenolic compounds, and 3 carotenoids) were detected in 85772. Of them, 52 metabolites excluding β-carotene and 9-cis-β-carotene, and 51 metabolites excluding leucine, β-carotene, and 9-cis-β-carotene, were detected in 65065 and CR Carotene, respectively. Amino acid content was the highest in 85772, followed by 65065 and CR Carotene. The cultivars 65065 and 85772 contained high levels of phenolic compounds and total anthocyanins. Cyanidin-, pelargonidin-, and petunidin-type anthocyanins were detected in 65065 and 85772. However, delphinidin-type anthocyanins which typically impart a deep purple color were identified only in the deep purple phenotype 65065. Furthermore, the total anthocyanin content was the highest in 85772 (4.38 ± 0.65 mg g -1 dry weight) followed by that in 65065 (3.72 ± 0.52 mg g-1 dry weight). Antibacterial and antioxidant analyses revealed remarkable antibacterial effects of the purple cultivars against pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus (KCTC 2471), Bacillus cereus (KCTC 3624), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KCCM 11803), Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC 3881), Chryseobacterium gleum (KCTC 2094), and Proteus mirabilis (KCTC 2510)] and methicillin-resistant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0826, 0225, 0254, 1113, 1378, 1731, p01827, and p01828) compared with the antibacterial effects of CR Carotene. Furthermore, 65065 and 85772 exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity than that of the CR Carotene. Therefore, the novel purple Chinese cabbages (65065 and 85772), derived from interspecific hybridization, are potentially favorable alternatives to the typical green Chinese cabbage, given the higher content of amino acids, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, as well as an increased ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit pathogen growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yeal Ki
- Kwonnong Seed Co., 186 Pungnyeon-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28394, Republic of Korea
| | - Seom Lee
- Major in Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Major in Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Allam AM, AbuBakr HO, Yassin AM, Abdel-Razek AS, Khattab MS, Gouda EM, Mousa SZ. Potential chemopreventive effects of Broccoli extract supplementation against 7, 12 dimethyl Benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) -induced toxicity in female rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17234. [PMID: 37821474 PMCID: PMC10567736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary components have recently received rapidly expanding attention for their potential to halt or reverse the development of many oxidative stress-mediated diseases after exposure to environmental toxicants. 7, 12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is one of the most common environmental pollutants. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemo-preventive effects of broccoli as a nutritional component against DMBA intoxication in rats. A daily dose of aqueous (1 ml/rat) and methanolic (150 mg/kg) broccoli extracts, respectively, was given to 50-day-old female rats for 26 successive weeks after carcinogen intoxication with a single dose of 20 mg/ml of DMBA. DMBA intoxication resulted in a redox imbalance (a decreased GSH level and an increased MDA level) and increased DNA fragmentation in the liver, kidney, and brain. Besides, it affected the level of expression of the bcl2 gene in the liver, kidney, and brain tissue but didn't affect cfos gene expression accompanied by histopathological changes. The aqueous and methanolic broccoli extract supplements ameliorated the adverse effects by increasing the level of GSH, decreasing the MDA level, and reducing DNA fragmentation. Besides, broccoli extracts decreased the expression of bcl2 in the liver and brain and up-regulated bcl2 expression in the kidney, accompanied by lowering NF-κβ 65 expression in the liver and brain and γ-catenin expression in the liver and kidney. In conclusion, broccoli as a dietary component had a strong chemoprotective effect against oxidative stress, DNA damage, and genotoxicity induced by DMBA intoxication in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Allam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBakr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Aya M Yassin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Razek
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki- Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M Gouda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Said Z Mousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Newberger DR, Minas IS, Manter DK, Vivanco JM. Shifts of the soil microbiome composition induced by plant-plant interactions under increasing cover crop densities and diversities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17150. [PMID: 37816810 PMCID: PMC10564930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Interspecific and intraspecific competition and facilitation have been a focus of study in plant-plant interactions, but their influence on plant recruitment of soil microbes is unknown. In this greenhouse microcosm experiment, three cover crops (alfalfa, brassica, and fescue) were grown alone, in paired mixtures, and all together under different densities. For all monoculture trials, total pot biomass increased as density increased. Monoculture plantings of brassica were associated with the bacteria Azospirillum spp., fescue with Ensifer adhaerens, and alfalfa with both bacterial taxa. In the polycultures of cover crops, for all plant mixtures, total above-ground alfalfa biomass increased with density, and total above ground brassica biomass remained unchanged. For each plant mixture, differential abundances highlighted bacterial taxa which had not been previously identified in monocultures. For instance, mixtures of all three plants showed an increase in abundance of Planctomyces sp. SH-PL14 and Sandaracinus amylolyticus which were not represented in the monocultures. Facilitation was best supported for the alfalfa-fescue interaction as the total above ground biomass was the highest of any mixture. Additionally, the bulk soil microbiome that correlated with increasing plant densities showed increases in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria such as Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Stentotrophomonas spp., and Azospirillum sp. In contrast, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a previously known generalist phytopathogen, also increased with alfalfa-fescue plant densities. This could suggest a strategy by which, after facilitation, a plant neighbor could culture a pathogen that could be more detrimental to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Newberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture and Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ioannis S Minas
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture and Pomology Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Daniel K Manter
- USDA, Agricultural Research Services, Soil Management and Sugar Beet Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Jorge M Vivanco
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture and Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Syed RU, Moni SS, Break MKB, Khojali WMA, Jafar M, Alshammari MD, Abdelsalam K, Taymour S, Alreshidi KSM, Elhassan Taha MM, Mohan S. Broccoli: A Multi-Faceted Vegetable for Health: An In-Depth Review of Its Nutritional Attributes, Antimicrobial Abilities, and Anti-inflammatory Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1157. [PMID: 37508253 PMCID: PMC10376324 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. italica, has recently gained considerable attention due to its remarkable nutritional composition and numerous health benefits. In this review, the nutritional aspects of broccoli are examined, highlighting its rich nutrient content and essential bioactive compounds. The cruciferous vegetable broccoli is a rich source of several important nutrients, including fiber, vitamins (A, C, and K), minerals (calcium, potassium, and iron), and antioxidants. It has also been shown to contain bioactive compounds such as glucosinolates, sulforaphane, and indole-3-carbinol, all of which have been shown to have significant health-promoting effects. These chemicals are known to have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. This review article aims to comprehensively examine the diverse spectrum of nutrients contained in broccoli and explore its medicinal potential to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Khaled Bin Break
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weam M A Khojali
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Al Khartoum 14415, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Jafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maali D Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karim Abdelsalam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Taymour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
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6
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Pham VD, Korver DR, Gänzle MG. Conversion of Phenolic Acids in Canola Fermentation: Impact on Antimicrobial Activity against Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2059-2069. [PMID: 36669157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Canola meal (CM) is commonly used in poultry feeds. CM has a high protein content but also contains high levels of antimicrobial phenolic acids. Lactic acid bacteria can alter CM phenolic composition during fermentation and influence its antimicrobial activity against pathogens. Fermented CM was analyzed for phenolic composition using tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sinapic acid and derivatives were the major phenolic acids in CM. Growth of lactobacilli in CM was attenuated when compared to cereal substrates. Glucosides and esters of sinapic acid were extensively hydrolyzed during fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Furfurilactobacillus milii. Lp. plantarum transformed hydroxycinnamic acids to dihydro, 4-vinyl, and 4-ethyl derivatives, Ff. milii reduced hydroxycinnamic acids to dihydroderivatives, but Limosilactobacillus reuteri did not convert hydroxycinnamic acids. The minimum inhibitory concentration of phenolic extracts was assessed with lactobacilli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter jejuni as indicator strains. Fermentation of CM with Lp. plantarum or Ff. milii increased the antimicrobial activity of phenolic extracts against Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni. Fermentation with Lm. reuteri TMW1.656 but not fermentation with Lm. reuteri TMW1.656ΔrtcN increased the antimicrobial activity of extracts owing to the production of reutericyclin. This study demonstrates that fermentation of CM with lactobacilli converts hydroxycinammic esters and may increase the antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds in CM against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi D Pham
- Department. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Douglas R Korver
- Department. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- Department. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Sharma P, Kaur J, Sharma G, Kashyap P. Plant derived antimicrobial peptides: Mechanism of target, isolation techniques, sources and pharmaceutical applications. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14348. [PMID: 35945701 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global health and development threat which is caused by the excess and prolonged usage of antimicrobial compounds in agriculture and pharmaceutical industries. Resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to the already existing drugs represent a serious risk to public health. Plant sources such as cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables are potential substrates for the isolation of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses with novel immunomodulatory activities. Thus, in the quest of new antimicrobial agents, AMPs have recently gained interest. Therefore, AMP can be used in agriculture, pharmaceutical and food industries. This review focuses on various explored and unexplored plant based food sources of AMPs, their isolation techniques and antimicrobial mechanism of peptides. Therefore, the literature discussed in this review paper will prove beneficial the research purposes for agriculture, pharmaceutical and food industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Isolation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be done on industrial scale. AMP isolated from food sources can be used in pharmaceutical and agriculture industries. AMP from natural sources mitigate the problem of antimicrobial resistance. AMP isolated from food products can be used as nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorva Sharma
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Geetika Sharma
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Piyush Kashyap
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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Arrais A, Testori F, Calligari R, Gianotti V, Roncoli M, Caramaschi A, Todeschini V, Massa N, Bona E. Extracts from Cabbage Leaves: Preliminary Results towards a “Universal” Highly-Performant Antibacterial and Antifungal Natural Mixture. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071080. [PMID: 36101458 PMCID: PMC9312816 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The large antibiotic consumption in the clinical, veterinary, and agricultural fields has resulted in a tremendous flow of antibiotics into the environment. This has led to enormous selective pressures driving the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria and yeasts. For this reason, the World Health Organization is promoting research to discover new natural products competitive with synthetic drugs in clinical performances. Compared with conventional drugs, the production of natural pharmaceuticals often has a lower environmental impact and lower economic costs of processes, especially when they originate from agricultural wastes. In the context of a circular economy, we aimed to successfully present preliminary results for the valorization of agricultural waste produced in cabbage cultivation by isolating a highly performant antibacterial and antifungal lipophilic natural mixture from cabbage leaves. Abstract As dramatically experienced in the recent world pandemic, viral, bacterial, fungal pathogens constitute very serious concerns in the global context of human health. Regarding this issue, the World Health Organization has promoted research studies that aim to develop new strategies using natural products. Although they are often competitive with synthetic pharmaceuticales in clinical performance, they lack their critical drawbacks, i.e., the environmental impact and the high economic costs of processing. In this paper, the isolation of a highly performant antibacterial and antifungal lipophilic natural mixture from leaves of savoy and white cabbages is proposed as successful preliminary results for the valorization of agricultural waste produced in cabbage cultivation. The fraction was chemically extracted from vegetables with diethyl ether and tested against two Candida species, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus reference strains. All the different fractions (active and not active) were chemically characterized by vibrational FT-IR spectroscopy and GC-MS analyses. The extracts showed high growth-inhibition performance on pathogens, thus demonstrating strong application potential. We think that this work, despite being at a preliminary stage, is very promising, both from pharmaceutical and industrial points of view, and can be proposed as a proof of concept for the recovery of agricultural production wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Arrais
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (E.B.); Tel.: +39-0161228357 (E.B.)
| | - Fabio Testori
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberta Calligari
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Valentina Gianotti
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Maddalena Roncoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.R.); (V.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Alice Caramaschi
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.R.); (V.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (M.R.); (V.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (V.G.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (E.B.); Tel.: +39-0161228357 (E.B.)
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9
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Nutritional values, beneficial effects, and food applications of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck). Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Understanding the Various Strategies for the Management of Fungal Pathogens in Crop Plants in the Current Scenario. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8877-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Salehi B, Quispe C, Butnariu M, Sarac I, Marmouzi I, Kamle M, Tripathi V, Kumar P, Bouyahya A, Capanoglu E, Ceylan FD, Singh L, Bhatt ID, Sawicka B, Krochmal-Marczak B, Skiba D, El Jemli M, El Jemli Y, Coy-Barrera E, Sharifi-Rad J, Kamiloglu S, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Segura-Carretero A, Kumar M, Martorell M. Phytotherapy and food applications from Brassica genus. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3590-3609. [PMID: 33666283 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants of the genus Brassica occupy the top place among vegetables in the world. This genus, which contains a group of six related species of a global economic significance, three of which are diploid: Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch, Brassica oleracea L., and Brassica rapa L. and three are amphidiploid species: Brassica carinata A. Braun, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., and Brassica napus L. These varieties are divided into oily, fodder, spice, and vegetable based on their morphological structure, chemical composition, and usefulness of plant organs. The present review provides information about habitat, phytochemical composition, and the bioactive potential of Brassica plants, mainly antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer activities, and clinical studies in human. Brassica vegetables are of great economic importance around the world. At present, Brassica plants are grown together with cereals and form the basis of global food supplies. They are distinguished by high nutritional properties from other vegetable plants, such as low fat and protein content and high value of vitamins, fibers along with minerals. In addition, they possess several phenolic compounds and have a unique type of compounds namely glucosinolates that differentiate these crops from other vegetables. These compounds are also responsible for numerous biological activities to the genus Brassica as described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Sarac
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ilias Marmouzi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Madhu Kamle
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, India
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Duygu Ceylan
- Faculty of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Laxman Singh
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Almora, India
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Almora, India
| | - Barbara Sawicka
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Krochmal-Marczak
- Department of Production and Food Safety, State Higher Vocational School named after Stanislaw Pigon, Krosno, Poland
| | - Dominika Skiba
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Meryem El Jemli
- Pharmacodynamy Research Team ERP, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yousra El Jemli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Senem Kamiloglu
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center (BITAUM), Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepcion, Chile
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12
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Rubab M, Chelliah R, Saravanakumar K, Kim JR, Yoo D, Wang MH, Oh DH. Phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of white cabbage extract on the quality and shelf life of raw beef during refrigerated storage. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41430-41442. [PMID: 35516557 PMCID: PMC9057788 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06727j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica vegetables are well-characterized, containing a wide-spectrum of phenolic compounds that are responsible for their diverse biological activities like antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This study explored the preservative effect of Brassica oleracea var. capitate f. alba (white cabbage; WC) on beef under refrigerated conditions for 16 days. The antimicrobial activities of WC were evaluated against foodborne pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The antioxidant activity was determined on the basis of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, through employing DPPH and ABTS assays. The chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS analysis. The results indicated that among the different solvent extracts, white cabbage chloroform extract [WCCE] exhibited outstanding bioactive properties due to the presence of 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol, and the effects of WCCE at different levels (A and B) on the quality and shelf life of beef in storage were evaluated. The color parameters (lightness, yellowness, and redness), texture analysis, and pH values were monitored constantly with 4 days interval, and microbial analysis was conducted. The results showed that WCCE-A treatment significantly reduced the total viable counts, psychrotrophic bacteria, and yeast-molds when compared with WCCE-B and control during refrigeration storage, with the activity varying in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Significantly, the WCCE-A treatments had better appearance compared with the control after 16 days of storage. All results confirmed that WCCE which is rich in bioactive compounds, effectively maintains the quality of beef compared to the control by retarding lipid oxidation and microbial growth at refrigeration temperature and also emphasize the potential applications of this plant in different industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momna Rubab
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701 South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701 South Korea
| | - Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701 South Korea
| | - Jong-Rae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701 South Korea
- Hanmi Natural Nutrition Co., LTD 44-20, Tongil-ro 1888 beon-gil, Munsan Paju Gyeonggi South Korea
| | - Daesang Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701 South Korea
- H-FOOD 108-66, 390 gil, Jingun Oh Nam-Ro, Nam Yang Ju-Shi Gyung Gi-Do South Korea
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701 South Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701 South Korea
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13
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Rahman M, Browne JJ, Van Crugten J, Hasan MF, Liu L, Barkla BJ. In Silico, Molecular Docking and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Major Rapeseed Seed Storage Proteins. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1340. [PMID: 33013372 PMCID: PMC7508056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to their use as an edible oil and condiment crop, mustard and rapeseed (Brassica napus L., B. juncea (L.) Czern., B. nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch, B. rapa L. and Sinapis alba L.) have been commonly used in traditional medicine for relieving pain, coughs and treating infections. The seeds contain high amounts of oil, while the remaining by-product meal after oil extraction, about 40% of seed dry weight, has a low value despite its high protein-content (~85%). The seed storage proteins (SSP) 2S albumin-type napin and 12S globulin-type cruciferin are the two predominant proteins in the seeds and show potential for value adding to the waste stream; however, information on their biological activities is scarce. In this study, purified napin and cruciferin were tested using in silico, molecular docking, and in vitro approaches for their bioactivity as antimicrobial peptides. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3D-structure of 2S albumin and 12S globulin storage proteins from B. napus were investigated to predict antimicrobial activity employing an antimicrobial peptide database survey. To gain deeper insights into the potential antimicrobial activity of these SSP, in silico molecular docking was performed. The purified B. napus cruciferin and napin were then tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for in vitro antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion and microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing. RESULTS In silico analysis demonstrated both SSP share similar 3D-structure with other well studied antimicrobial proteins. Molecular docking revealed that the proteins exhibited high binding energy to bacterial enzymes. Cruciferin and napin proteins appeared as a double triplet and a single doublet, respectively, following SDS-PAGE. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting also confirmed the purity of the protein samples used for assessment of antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing provided strong evidence for antimicrobial activity for the purified napin protein; however, cruciferin showed no antimicrobial activity, even at the highest dose applied. DISCUSSION In silico and molecular docking results presented evidence for the potential antimicrobial activity of rapeseed cruciferin and napin SSP. However, only the in vitro antimicrobial activity of napin was confirmed. These findings warrant further investigation of this SSP protein as a potential new agent against infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudur Rahman
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica J. Browne
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacoba Van Crugten
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J. Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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14
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Favela-González KM, Hernández-Almanza AY, De la Fuente-Salcido NM. The value of bioactive compounds of cruciferous vegetables (Brassica) as antimicrobials and antioxidants: A review. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13414. [PMID: 32743821 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, consumers are demanding nutrient-rich products for health optimal benefits. In this regard, Brassicaceae family plants, previously named cruciferous, group a large number of widely consumed species around the world. The popularity of Brassica is increasing due to their nutritional value and pharmacological effects. The group includes a large number of vegetable foods such as cabbages, broccoli, cauliflower, mustards as well as, oilseed rapeseed, canola, among others. In recent years, the phytochemical composition of Brassicaceae has been studied deeply because they contain many valuable metabolites, which are directly linked to different recognized biological activities. The scientific evidence confirms diverse medical properties for the treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, stroke), cancer, and osteoporosis. The unique features of Brassicaceae family plants conferred by their phytochemicals, have extended future prospects about their use for beneficial effects on human nutrition and health worldwide. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: For years, the Brassicaceae plants have been a fascinating research topic, due to their chemical composition characterized by rich in bioactive compounds. The implementation of extracts of these vegetables, causes various beneficial effects of high biological value in the treatment of diseases, owing to their bioactive properties (anti-obesity, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antianemic, and immunomodulator). Therefore, this review summarizes the chemical composition, describes the bioactive compounds isolated in the plant extracts, and highlights diverse biological activities, mainly the antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity. Brassica plants, as source of natural bioactive agents, have a great potential application to improve the human nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Mirozlava Favela-González
- Graduate Program in Biochemical Engineering, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, México
| | - Ayerim Yedid Hernández-Almanza
- Graduate Program in Biochemical Engineering, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, México
| | - Norma Margarita De la Fuente-Salcido
- Graduate Program in Biochemical Engineering, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, México
- Bioprospecting and Bioprocesses Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, México
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15
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Le TN, Chiu CH, Hsieh PC. Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Sprouts and Microgreens: An Updated Overview from a Nutraceutical Perspective. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080946. [PMID: 32727144 PMCID: PMC7465980 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sprouts and microgreens, the edible seedlings of vegetables and herbs, have received increasing attention in recent years and are considered as functional foods or superfoods owing to their valuable health-promoting properties. In particular, the seedlings of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) have been highly prized for their substantial amount of bioactive constituents, including glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and essential minerals. These secondary metabolites are positively associated with potential health benefits. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that broccoli seedlings possess various biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and antidiabetic activities. The present review summarizes the updated knowledge about bioactive compounds and bioactivities of these broccoli products and discusses the relevant mechanisms of action. This review will serve as a potential reference for food selections of consumers and applications in functional food and nutraceutical industries.
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16
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Le TN, Sakulsataporn N, Chiu CH, Hsieh PC. Polyphenolic Profile and Varied Bioactivities of Processed Taiwanese Grown Broccoli: A Comparative Study of Edible and Non-Edible Parts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13050082. [PMID: 32354112 PMCID: PMC7280965 DOI: 10.3390/ph13050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli contains a substantial amount of bioactive compounds such as glucosinolates, phenolics, and essential nutrients, which are positively linked to health-promoting effects. This work aimed to evaluate whether both edible and non-edible parts of broccoli could be effective by examining in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, apoptotic, and antibacterial properties of its floret, leaf, and seed extracts (FE, LE, and SE, correspondingly). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and various assays exhibited strong antioxidant activities of all samples. LE obtained the highest capacity, correlated to its polyphenolic contents. SE exerted significant cytotoxicity against A549, Caco-2, and HepG2 cancer cell lines at low inhibitory concentration (IC)50 values (0.134, 0.209, and 0.238 mg/mL, respectively), as tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry confirmed apoptosis induction of extracts in Caco-2 cells by revealing an increased subG1 population and a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. The considerable antibacterial efficacy was observed in either LE and SE against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium (0.39-0.78 mg/mL) using well-agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques, along with the weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (1.56-3.13 mg/mL). The findings suggest that broccoli and its byproducts might serve as a promising source for further development of food or pharmaceutical products.
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17
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Pacheco-Cano RD, Salcedo-Hernández R, Casados-Vázquez LE, Wrobel K, Bideshi DK, Barboza-Corona JE. Class I defensins (BraDef) from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) seeds and their antimicrobial activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:30. [PMID: 32025825 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-2807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether seeds of Brassica oleracea var. italica (i.e. broccoli, an edible plant) produce defensins that inhibit phytopathogenic fungi and pathogenic bacteria of clinical significance. Crude extracts obtained from broccoli seeds were fractioned by molecular exclusion techniques and analyzed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Two peptides were identified, BraDef1 (10.68 kDa) and BraDef2 (9.9 kDa), which were categorized as Class I defensins based on (a) their primary structure, (b) the presence of four putative cysteine disulfide bridges, and (c) molecular modeling predictions. BraDef1 and BraDef2 show identities of, respectively, 98 and 71%, and 67 and 85%, with defensins from Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana. BraDef (BraDef1 + BraDef2) disrupted membranes of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata and also reduced hyphal growth of C. gloeosporioides by ~ 56% after 120 h of incubation. Pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus 183, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolitycus) were susceptible to BraDef, but probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei were not inhibited. To our knowledge, this is the first report of defensins present in seeds of B. oleracea var. italica (i.e. edible broccoli). Our findings suggest an applied value for BraDef1/BraDef2 in controlling phytopathogenic fungi and pathogenic bacteria of clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén D Pacheco-Cano
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Rubén Salcedo-Hernández
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Luz E Casados-Vázquez
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Kazimierz Wrobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato Campus Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana 5, Guanajuato, 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Dennis K Bideshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - José E Barboza-Corona
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico.
- Food Department, Life Science Division, University of Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato, 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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18
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Le TN, Luong HQ, Li HP, Chiu CH, Hsieh PC. Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) Sprouts as the Potential Food Source for Bioactive Properties: A Comprehensive Study on In Vitro Disease Models. Foods 2019; 8:foods8110532. [PMID: 31671614 PMCID: PMC6915343 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts are an excellent source of health-promoting phytochemicals such as vitamins, glucosinolates, and phenolics. The study aimed to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative, apoptotic, and antibacterial activities of broccoli sprouts. Five-day-old sprouts extracted by 70% ethanol showed significant antioxidant activities, analyzed to be 68.8 μmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g dry weight by 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic (ABTS) assay, 91% scavenging by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 1.81 absorbance by reducing power assay, and high phenolic contents by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thereafter, sprout extract indicated considerable antiproliferative activities towards A549 (lung carcinoma cells), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma cells), and Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, with IC50 values of 0.117, 0.168 and 0.189 mg/mL for 48 h, respectively. Furthermore, flow cytometry confirmed that Caco-2 cells underwent apoptosis by an increase of cell percentage in subG1 phase to 31.3%, and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential to 19.3% after 48 h of treatment. Afterward, the extract exhibited notable antibacterial capacities against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella Typhimurium with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 0.39 and 0.78 mg/mL, appropriately, along with abilities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with an MIC value of 1.56 mg/mL. Thus, broccoli sprouts were confirmed as a potential food source for consumers’ selection and functional food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ninh Le
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91207, Taiwan.
| | - Hong Quang Luong
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91207, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ping Li
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91207, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Hsia Chiu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91207, Taiwan.
| | - Pao-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91207, Taiwan.
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Martínez-Ortega EA, López-Briones JS, Rodríguez-Hernández G, Ramírez-Orozco RE, Franco-Robles E. Antibacterial activity of agave fructans against salmonella typhimurium. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:2639-2641. [PMID: 30584773 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1548446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Agave fructans against the Salmonella Typhimurium in "in vitro" experiments. The result of the antimicrobial activity was 263.89 ± 0, 414.95 ± 12.83, 494.54 ± 13.88, 522.29 ± 0, 580.41 ± 14.92 AU for 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of Agave fructans (AF) respectively. In addition, there is a significant effect on the growth of the bacteria with all the percentages of AF evaluated (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.859) with respect to the control. The growth rate of Salmonella with 25% AF was statistically significant compared to the control (-0.7353 ± 0.586, 0.0079 ± 0.002 D.O./h, respectively; p > 0.01). Agave fructans could be an alternative to prevent the infections caused by Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Alejandra Martínez-Ortega
- Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
| | - José Sergio López-Briones
- Departamento de Medicina y Nutrición, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Hernández
- Departamento de Alimentos, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
| | | | - Elena Franco-Robles
- Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
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