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Hassan AF, Hussein O, Al-Barazenji T, Allouch A, Kamareddine L, Malki A, Moustafa AA, Khalil A. The effect of novel nitrogen-based chalcone analogs on colorectal cancer cells: Insight into the molecular pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27002. [PMID: 38463818 PMCID: PMC10923686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), aberrations in KRAS are associated with aggressive tumorigenesis and an overall low survival rate because of chemoresistance and adverse effects. Ergo, complementary, and integrative medicines are being considered for CRC treatment. Among which is the use of natural chalcones that are known to exhibit anti-tumor activities in KRAS mutant CRC subtypes treatment regimens. Consequently, we examine the effect of two novel compounds (DK13 and DK14) having chalcones with nitrogen mustard moiety on CRC cell lines (HCT-116 and LoVo) with KRAS mutation. These compounds were synthesized in our lab and previously reported to exhibit potent activity against breast cancer cells. Our data revealed that DK13 and DK14 treatment suppress cell growth, disturb the progression of cell cycle, and trigger apoptosis in CRC cell lines. Besides, treatment with both compounds impedes cell invasion and colony formation in both cell lines as compared to 5-FU; this is accompanied by up and down regulations of E-cadherin and Vimentin, respectively. At the molecular level, both compounds deregulate the expression and phosphorylation of β-catenin, Akt and mTOR, which are the main likely molecular mechanisms underlying these biological occurrences. Our findings present DK13 and DK14 as novel chemotherapies against CRC, through β-catenin/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arij Fouzat Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ola Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tara Al-Barazenji
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Allouch
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Layla Kamareddine
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Malki
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala‐Eddin Al Moustafa
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Jiang Y, Bi Y, Zhou L, Zheng S, Jian T, Chen J. Tanshinone IIA inhibits proliferation and migration by downregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in small cell lung cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:68. [PMID: 38297301 PMCID: PMC10829381 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most malignant lung cancer type. Due to the high rates of metastasis and drug resistance, effective therapeutic strategies remain lacking. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has been reported to exhibit anti-tumor activity. Therefore, this study investigated the ability and underlying mechanism of Tan IIA to inhibit the metastasis and proliferation of SCLC. METHODS H1688 and H446 cells were treated in vitro with Tan IIA (0, 1, 2 and 4 µM) or LY294002 (10 µM) for 24, 48, 72 h. H1688 and H446 cell migration was evaluated in wound healing and transwell migration assays. RNA-sequencing helped assess gene expression. BALB/c nude mice were injected with H1688 cells and treated with the Tan IIA group (10 mg/kg/day) or a control. Expression of E-cadherin, vimentin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway proteins in tumors and H1688 was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis and western blot. RESULTS Tan IIA inhibited H1688 and H446 cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis and suppressed H1688 and H446 cell migration. E-cadherin expression was increased, while vimentin expression was reduced after administration of Tan IIA. RNA-sequencing revealed that some genes related with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were altered using Tan IIA treatment. Furthermore, western blot helped detect PI3K and p-Akt expression was also reduced by Tan IIA treatment. Tan IIA inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, Tan IIA increased tumoral expression of E-cadherin accompanied by PI3K and p-Akt downregulation. CONCLUSION Tan IIA suppresses SCLC proliferation and metastasis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby highlighting the potential of Tan IIA as a new and relatively safe drug candidate to treat SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanli Bi
- Department of Clinical Laboratorial Examination, Air Force Hangzhou Special Service Recuperation Center Sanatorium Area 3, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingjie Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Senwen Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Jian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu Y, Zhao S, Chen Y, Ma W, Lu S, He L, Chen J, Chen X, Zhang X, Shi Y, Jiang X, Zhao K. Vimentin promotes glioma progression and maintains glioma cell resistance to oxidative phosphorylation inhibition. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1791-1806. [PMID: 37646965 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioma has been demonstrated as one of the most malignant intracranial tumors and currently there is no effective treatment. Based on our previous RNA-sequencing data for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-inhibition resistant and OXPHOS-inhibition sensitive cancer cells, we found that vimentin (VIM) is highly expressed in the OXPHOS-inhibition resistant cancer cells, especially in glioma cancer cells. Further study of VIM in the literature indicates that it plays important roles in cancer progression, immunotherapy suppression, cancer stemness and drug resistance. However, its role in glioma remains elusive. This study aims to decipher the role of VIM in glioma, especially its role in OXPHOS-inhibition sensitivity, which may provide a promising therapeutic target for glioma treatment. METHODS The expression of VIM in glioma and the normal tissue has been obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and further validated in Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). And the single-cell sequencing data was obtained from TISCH2. The immune infiltration was calculated via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Estimation of Stromal and Immune Cells in Malignant Tumors using Expression Data (ESTIMATE) and ssGSEA, and the Immunophenoscore (IPS) was calculated via R package. The differentiated expressed genes were analyzed including GO/KEGG and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) between the VIM-high and -low groups. The methylation of VIM was checked at the EWAS and Methsurv. The correlation between VIM expression and cancer stemness was obtained from SangerBox. We also employed DepMap data and verified the role of VIM by knocking down it in VIM-high glioma cell and over-expressing it in VIM-low glioma cells to check the cell viability. RESULTS Vim is highly expressed in the glioma patients compared to normal samples and its high expression negatively correlates with patients' survival. The DNA methylation in VIM promoters in glioma patients is lower than that in the normal samples. High VIM expression positively correlates with the immune infiltration and tumor progression. Furthermore, Vim is expressed high in the OXPHOS-inhibition glioma cancer cells and low in the OXPHOS-inhibition sensitive ones and its expression maintains the OXPHOS-inhibition resistance. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we comprehensively deciphered the role of VIM in the progression of glioma and its clinical outcomes. Thus provide new insights into targeting VIM in glioma cancer immunotherapy in combination with the current treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu'e Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yi Chen
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Wencong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shiping Lu
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Le He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory for Human Disease Animal Models, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kaijun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Kumar V, Bauer C, Stewart JH. Cancer cell-specific cGAS/STING Signaling pathway in the era of advancing cancer cell biology. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151338. [PMID: 37423035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are critical to recognizing endogenous and exogenous threats to mount a protective proinflammatory innate immune response. PRRs may be located on the outer cell membrane, cytosol, and nucleus. The cGAS/STING signaling pathway is a cytosolic PRR system. Notably, cGAS is also present in the nucleus. The cGAS-mediated recognition of cytosolic dsDNA and its cleavage into cGAMP activates STING. Furthermore, STING activation through its downstream signaling triggers different interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs), initiating the release of type 1 interferons (IFNs) and NF-κB-mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines and molecules. Activating cGAS/STING generates type 1 IFN, which may prevent cellular transformation and cancer development, growth, and metastasis. The current article delineates the impact of the cancer cell-specific cGAS/STING signaling pathway alteration in tumors and its impact on tumor growth and metastasis. This article further discusses different approaches to specifically target cGAS/STING signaling in cancer cells to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in conjunction with existing anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA.
| | - Caitlin Bauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA; Louisiana Children's Medical Center Cancer Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA.
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Ostrowska-Podhorodecka Z, Ali A, Norouzi M, Ding I, Abbasi S, Arora PD, Wong THF, Magalhaes M, McCulloch CA. Vimentin-mediated myosin 10 aggregation at tips of cell extensions drives MT1-MMP-dependent collagen degradation in colorectal cancer. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23097. [PMID: 37440280 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300672r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a high prevalence adenocarcinoma with progressive increases in metastasis-related mortality, but the mechanisms governing the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation important for metastasis in CRC are not well-defined. We investigated a functional relationship between vimentin (Vim) and myosin 10 (Myo10), and whether this relationship is associated with cancer progression. We tested the hypothesis that Vim regulates the aggregation of Myo10 at the tips of cell extensions, which increases membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP)-associated local collagen proteolysis and ECM degradation. Analysis of CRC samples revealed colocalization of Vim with Myo10 and MT1-MMP in cell extensions adjacent to sites of collagen degradation, suggesting an association with local cell invasion. We analyzed cultured CRC cells and fibroblasts and found that Vim accelerates aggregation of Myo10 at cell tips, which increases the cell extension rate. Vim stabilizes the interaction of Myo10 with MT1-MMP, which in turn increases collagenolysis. Vim depletion reduced the aggregation of Myo10 at the cell extension tips and MT1-MMP-dependent collagenolysis. We propose that Vim interacts with Myo10, which in turn associates with MT1-MMP to facilitate the transport of these molecules to the termini of cell extensions and there enhance cancer invasion of soft connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aiman Ali
- Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masoud Norouzi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Ding
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sevil Abbasi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamma D Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy H F Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences Department, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang X, Hou H, Jiang M, Zhang X. Aberrant circulating tumor DNA methylation and exosomal microRNA biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2743-2750. [PMID: 36583782 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) became the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in 2020. However, the rates of early screening and early diagnosis for CRC remain unsatisfactory. Thus, it is essential to explore the initiating factors of CRC and strategies for its early diagnosis. Research progress in liquid biopsy has led to the finding that circulating tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) and exosomes play vital roles in early detection of CRC. THE APPLICATIONS OF LIQUID BIOPSY FOR EARLY DETECTION OF COLORECTAL CANCER: Moreover, the increased understanding of epigenetics has highlighted the role of ctDNA methylation in CRC carcinogenesis, and the detection of aberrant ctDNA methylation markers is a feasible strategy for diagnosis of early-stage CRC. Among exosomal markers, microRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant and are the most researched. Upregulated or downregulated expression of exosome-derived miRNAs can indicate the occurrence of early-stage CRC. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE The current research progress on aberrant ctDNA methylation and tumor exosomal miRNA biomarkers in early detection of CRC is summarized in this review, and the advantages and shortcomings of the methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Helei Hou
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Zhang K, Xu Y, Yang Y, Guo M, Zhang T, Zong B, Huang S, Suo L, Ma B, Wang X, Wu Y, Brugger D, Chen Y. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites contribute negatively to hindgut barrier function development at the early weaning goat model. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:111-123. [PMID: 35663372 PMCID: PMC9136126 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Early weaning induces intestinal injury, leading to a series of long-term symptoms such as inflammation, malabsorption and diarrhea. In this study, we hypothesized that microbes and their metabolites modulate the host's inflammatory response to early weaning stress in a goat model. A total of 18 female Tibetan goat kids (n = 9) were weaned from their mothers at 28 d (D28) and 60 d (D60) postpartum. D60 and D28 groups were fed the same solid diet ad libitum from weaning to 75 d of age. The colonic epithelium was subject to RNA-sequencing, the caecal digesta metabolomics were assessed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the caecal microbiota composition was analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We found that early weaning substantially increased the colonic pro-apoptotic gene expression of B-cell lymphoma associated X (Bax), caspase-9, and caspase-3, and decreased the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-1 (P < 0.01). In addition, a significant Bacteroides acidifaciens enrichment was observed in the hindgut of early-weaned goats (P < 0.01), which negatively correlated with lysophosphatidylcholine products. Similarly, the chemokine signaling, IL-17 signaling, and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways were upregulated in the colonic mucosa of the early-weaned goats. By applying caecal microbiota transplantation from goats to defaunated C57/6J mice, we confirmed that caecal microbiota of D28 goat kids increased the relative abundance of B. acidifaciens and significantly up-regulated the genes of Bax, G protein–coupled receptor (GPR) 109A, GPR 43, fatty acid binding protein 6, nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, and IL-6 expression (P < 0.05), and decreased ZO-1, and claudin-1 protein expression in the mice jejunum and colon (P < 0.001). These results proposed that the hindgut microbiota and metabolites mediate the barrier function weakening during early weaning, and the relative abundance of B. acidifaciens was negatively correlated with the hindgut barrier gene expression. This study demonstrates how weaning stress can affect key host–microbe interaction regulators in the hindgut, in a lysophosphatidylcholine dependent and independent manner. Furthermore, based on our mice data, these results are transferable to other mammal species.
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Peng JM, Chiu CF, Cheng JH, Liu HY, Chang YL, Luo JW, Weng YT, Luo HL. Evasion of NK cell immune surveillance via the vimentin-mediated cytoskeleton remodeling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883178. [PMID: 36032170 PMCID: PMC9402923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy uses the immune system to achieve therapeutic effects; however, its effect is still limited. Therefore, in addition to immune checkpoint-based treatment, the development of other strategies that can inhibit cancer cells from resisting immune cytotoxicity is important. There are currently few studies on the mechanism of tumors using cytoskeletal proteins reorganization to participate in immune escape. In this study, we identified cancer cell lines that were sensitive or resistant to natural killer cells in urothelial and lung cancer using the natural killer cell sensitivity assay. We found that immunoresistant cancer cells avoid natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by upregulation of vimentin and remodeling of actin cytoskeleton. Immunofluorescence staining showed that immune cells promoted the formation of actin filaments at the immune synapse, which was not found in immunosensitive cancer cells. Pretreatment of the actin polymerization inhibitors latrunculin B increased the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells, suggesting that cytoskeleton remodeling plays a role in resisting immune cell attack. In addition, silencing of vimentin with shRNA potentiated the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells. Interestingly, the upregulation and extension of vimentin was found in tumor islands of upper tract urothelial carcinoma infiltrated by natural killer cells. Conversely, tumors without natural killer cell invasion showed less vimentin signal. The expression level of vimentin was highly correlated with natural killer cell infiltration. In summary, we found that when immune cells attack cancer cells, the cancer cells resist immune cytotoxicity through upregulated vimentin and actin reorganization. In addition, this immune resistance mechanism was also found in patient tumors, indicating the possibility that they can be applied to evaluate the immune response in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jei-Ming Peng
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jei-Ming Peng, ; ; Hao-Lun Luo,
| | - Ching-Feng Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Hong Cheng
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Leisure and Sports Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Liu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Lun Chang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wun Luo
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Weng
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Lun Luo
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jei-Ming Peng, ; ; Hao-Lun Luo,
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López-Cortés R, Muinelo-Romay L, Fernández-Briera A, Gil-Martín E. Inhibition of α(1,6)fucosyltransferase: Effects on Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Adhesion in an SW480/SW620 Syngeneic Colorectal Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158463. [PMID: 35955598 PMCID: PMC9369121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the impact of inhibiting α(1,6)fucosylation (core fucosylation) on the functional phenotype of a cellular model of colorectal cancer (CRC) malignization formed by the syngeneic SW480 and SW620 CRC lines. Expression of the FUT8 gene encoding α(1,6)fucosyltransferase was inhibited in tumor line SW480 by a combination of shRNA-based antisense knockdown and Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) selection. LCA-resistant clones were subsequently assayed in vitro for proliferation, migration, and adhesion. The α(1,6)FT-inhibited SW480 cells showed enhanced proliferation in adherent conditions, unlike their α(1,6)FT-depleted SW620 counterparts, which displayed reduced proliferation. Under non-adherent conditions, α(1,6)FT-inhibited SW480 cells also showed greater growth capacity than their respective non-targeted control (NTC) cells. However, cell migration decreased in SW480 after FUT8 knockdown, while adhesion to EA.hy926 cells was significantly enhanced. The reported results indicate that the FUT8 knockdown strategy with subsequent selection for LCA-resistant clones was effective in greatly reducing α(1,6)FT expression in SW480 and SW620 CRC lines. In addition, α(1,6)FT impairment affected the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of α(1,6)FT-deficient clones SW480 and SW620 in a tumor stage-dependent manner, suggesting that core fucosylation has a dynamic role in the evolution of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Cortés
- Doctoral Program in Methods and Applications in Life Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERONC, Travesía da Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Almudena Fernández-Briera
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(986)-812-570
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Hino SI, Inenaga K, Miyazaki T, Tanaka-Mizota C. Suppression of HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cell Motility by Polymethoxyflavones is Associated with Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3662-3669. [PMID: 35658755 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2084122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is one of the major causes of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we examined the effect of polymethoxyflavones present in citrus peels on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the HCT116 CRC cell line. We found that 5,7,3',4'-tetra-methoxyflavone (TMF) and 7,8,3',4'-TMF inhibited the expression of target genes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the transcriptional activities of β-catenin/Tcf and suppressed the motility of HCT116 cells. Because the binding of β-catenin to Tcf-4 was disrupted by 5,7,3',4'-TMF and 7,8,3',4'- TMF, we suggest that they are inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and may have potential applications in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Hino
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoka Inenaga
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuto Miyazaki
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shipunov I, Kupaev V. Glycome assessment in patients with respiratory diseases. TRANSLATIONAL METABOLIC SYNDROME RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmsr.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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12
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Kim HJ, An J, Ha EM. Lactobacillus plantarum-derived metabolites sensitize the tumor-suppressive effects of butyrate by regulating the functional expression of SMCT1 in 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells. J Microbiol 2021; 60:100-117. [PMID: 34964946 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A critical obstacle to the successful treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is chemoresistance. Chemoresistant CRC cells contribute to treatment failure by providing a mechanism of drug lethargy and modifying chemoresistance-associated molecules. The gut microbiota provide prophylactic and therapeutic effects by targeting CRC through anticancer mechanisms. Among them, Lactobacillus plantarum contributes to the health of the host and is clinically effective in treating CRC. This study confirmed that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant CRC HCT116 (HCT116/5FUR) cells acquired butyrate-insensitive properties. To date, the relationship between 5-FU-resistant CRC and butyrate resistance has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that the acquisition of butyrate resistance in HCT116/5FUR cells was strongly correlated with the inhibition of the expression and function of SMCT1, a major transporter of butyrate in colonocytes. L. plantarum-cultured cell-free supernatant (LP) restored the functional expression of SMCT1 in HCT116/5FUR cells, leading to butyrate-induced antiproliferative effect and apoptosis. These results suggest that LP has a synergistic effect on the SMCT1/butyrate-mediated tumor suppressor function and is a potential chemosensitizer to overcome dual 5-FU and butyrate resistance in HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ju Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeJin An
- Medical Convergence Textile Center, Gyeongbuk Techno Park, Gyeongsan, 38408, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Wu L, Wang Y, Wang X, Liao J, Dong H, Cai X, Wang Y, Gu HF. Evaluation of Colocasia esculenta Schott in anti-cancerous properties with proximity extension assays. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:7549. [PMID: 34908921 PMCID: PMC8634378 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colocasia esculenta Schott (called as Xiangshayu in Chinese) is an excellent local cultivar of the genus polymorpha in Jiangsu Province, China. Objective In the present study, we have performed a comparative study before and after dietary consumption with Colocasia esculenta Schott to evaluate its anti-cancerous properties. Design Forty-two healthy volunteers were recruited, and dietary consumption with 200 g of tap water cooked Colocasia esculenta Schott daily was conducted for 1 month. Plasma samples from the subjects before and after dietary consumption with Colocasia esculenta Schott were analyzed with proximity extension assays for the alteration of 92 proteins in relation with cancers, while blood samples were examined for physiological parameters with an automatic biochemical analyzer. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted using MalaCards and GEPIA. Results After taking dietary consumption with Colocasia esculenta Schott, circulating CYR61, ANXA1, and VIM protein levels in the subjects was found to be most significantly downregulated, while for ITGB5, EPHA2, and CEACAM1, it was upregulated. Alternation of these proteins was predicted to be associated with the development of tumors such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma and breast and prostate cancers. Conclusion The present study provides evidence that Colocasia esculenta Schott, as a healthy food, has anti-cancerous properties. Further investigation of phytochemistry in Colocasia esculenta Schott has been taken into our consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyunyi Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Harvest F Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu C, Wang B, Zhou J. Mechanistic basis and preliminary practice of butyric acid and butyrate sodium to mitigate gut inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review. Nutr Res 2021; 95:1-18. [PMID: 34757305 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A key event featured in the early stage of chronic gut inflammatory diseases is the disordered recruitment and excess accumulation of immune cells in the gut lamina propria. This process is followed by the over-secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and the prolonged overactive inflammatory responses. Growing evidence has suggested that gut inflammatory diseases may be mitigated by butyric acid (BA) or butyrate sodium (NaB). Laboratory studies show that BA and NaB can enhance gut innate immune function through G-protein-mediated signaling pathways while mitigating the overactive inflammatory responses by inhibiting histone deacetylase. The regulatory effects may occur in both epithelial enterocytes and the immune cells in the lamina propria. Prior to further clinical trials, comprehensive literature reviews and rigid examination concerning the underlying mechanism are necessary. To this end, we collected and reviewed 197 published reports regarding the mechanisms, bioactivities, and clinical effects of BA and NaB to modulate gut inflammatory diseases. Our review found insufficient evidence to guarantee the safety of clinical practice of BA and NaB, either by anal enema or oral administration of capsule or tablet. The safety of clinical use of BA and NaB should be further evaluated. Alternatively, dietary patterns rich in "fruits, vegetables and beans" may be an effective and safe approach to prevent gut inflammatory disease, which elevates gut microbiota-dependent production of BA. Our review provides a comprehensive reference to future clinical trials of BA and NaB to treat gut inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Xianqi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Baozhen Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China.
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15
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Zhang J, Liu HL, Liu JB, Zhang Y, Liu J, Li YH. LncRNA AL592284.1 facilitates proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells via miR-30a-5p/Vimentin/EMT axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 577:95-102. [PMID: 34509725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in cancer-related cellular behaviors. Our research aimed to explore the biological functions of lncRNA AL592284.1 (AL592284.1) in cervical cancer (CC). METHODS qRT-PCR was performed to examine AL592284.1 expressions in cell lines and tumor specimens. To study the roles of AL592284.1 on malignant behaviors in both in vitro and in vivo, Loss-of-function assays were carried out. Besides, bioinformatics prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to reveal the interaction among AL592284.1 and its target genes. The functions of the AL592284.1/miR-30a-5p/Vimentin axis in CC cells was clarified by rescue assays. RESULTS We observed that the levels of AL592284.1 in CC were distinctly increased. Functional assays revealed that knockdown of AL592284.1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT progress of CC cells. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-30a-5p/Vimentin regulatory axis is the direct downstream of AL592284.1. Rescue experiments indicated that AL592284.1 induced overexpression of Vimentin via sponging miR-30a-5p, resulting in the promotion of CC progression. CONCLUSION The present study proves that AL592284.1 plays an tumor-promotive role in CC via regulating the miR-30a-5p/Vimentin axis, and inhibition of AL592284.1 may pave the way for CC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Bo Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
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16
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Johnson CH, Golla JP, Dioletis E, Singh S, Ishii M, Charkoftaki G, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol-Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4404. [PMID: 34503214 PMCID: PMC8431530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) is complex. Approximately, 10% of individuals with CRC have predisposing germline mutations that lead to familial cancer syndromes, whereas most CRC patients have sporadic cancer resulting from a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. It has become increasingly clear that chronic alcohol consumption is associated with the development of sporadic CRC; however, the exact mechanisms by which alcohol contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis are largely unknown. Several proposed mechanisms from studies in CRC models suggest that alcohol metabolites and/or enzymes associated with alcohol metabolism alter cellular redox balance, cause DNA damage, and epigenetic dysregulation. In addition, alcohol metabolites can cause a dysbiotic colorectal microbiome and intestinal permeability, resulting in bacterial translocation, inflammation, and immunosuppression. All of these effects can increase the risk of developing CRC. This review aims to outline some of the most significant and recent findings on the mechanisms of alcohol in colorectal carcinogenesis. We examine the effect of alcohol on the generation of reactive oxygen species, the development of genotoxic stress, modulation of one-carbon metabolism, disruption of the microbiome, and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H. Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Evangelos Dioletis
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Momoko Ishii
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
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17
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Katoch A, Nayak D, Faheem MM, Kumar A, Sahu PK, Gupta AP, Kumar LD, Goswami A. Natural podophyllotoxin analog 4DPG attenuates EMT and colorectal cancer progression via activation of checkpoint kinase 2. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:25. [PMID: 33500399 PMCID: PMC7838189 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells and contributes to drug resistance. In this study, we observed that epithelial colorectal cancer (CRC) cells transiently exposed to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (a chemotherapeutic drug for CRC) as well as 5-FU-resistant cells (5-FU-R) develop EMT characters as evidenced by activation of Vimentin and augmented invasive properties. On the other hand, 4DPG (4′-demethyl-deoxypodophyllotoxin glucoside), a natural podophyllotoxin analog attenuates EMT and invadopodia formation abilities of HCT-116/5-FU-R and SW-620/5-FU-R cells. Treatment with 4DPG restrains Vimentin phosphorylation (Ser38) in 5-FU-R cells, along with downregulation of mesenchymal markers Twist1 and MMP-2 while augmenting the expression of epithelial markers E-cadherin and TIMP-1. Moreover, 4DPG boosts the tumor-suppressor protein, checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) via phosphorylation at Thr68 in a dose-dependent manner in 5-FU-R cells. Mechanistically, SiRNA-mediated silencing of Chk2, as well as treatment with Chk2-specific small-molecule inhibitor (PV1019), divulges that 4DPG represses Vimentin activation in a Chk2-dependent manner. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation analysis unveiled that 4DPG prevents complex formation between Vimentin and p53 resulting in the rescue of p53 and its nuclear localization in aggressive 5-FU-R cells. In addition, 4DPG confers suitable pharmacokinetic properties and strongly abrogates tumor growth, polyps formation, and lung metastasis in an orthotopic rat colorectal carcinoma model. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate 4DPG as a targeted antitumor/anti-metastatic pharmacological lead compound to circumvent EMT-associated drug resistance and suggest its clinical benefits for the treatment of aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Katoch
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mir Mohd Faheem
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India.,School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Promod Kumar Sahu
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India
| | - Ajai Prakash Gupta
- Quality Control and Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India
| | - Lekha Dinesh Kumar
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India. .,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India.
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18
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Sridharan K, Rathore B, Yousuf M, Reddy Rachamalla HK, Jinka S, Jaggarapu MMCS, Banerjee R. Self-Assembling Derivative of Hydrocortisone as Glucocorticoid Receptor-Targeted Nanotherapeutics for Synergistic, Combination Therapy against Colorectal Tumor. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:1208-1228. [PMID: 33371687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocortisone, a natural glucocorticoid secreted by adrenal and extra-adrenal tissues, locally governs the transcription of genes involved in inflammation, immune response, metabolism, and energy homeostasis via binding to its cognate glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In this study, we show that modified hydrocortisone (HC16), a cancer-selective cytotoxic molecule, showed synergism in combination with drugs like Doxorubicin and docetaxel, self-assembled into vesicles, entrapped docetaxel and complexed with anti-cancer plasmid DNA for enhanced killing of cancer cells. These vesicles exhibited GR-mediated nuclear localization, delivery of the p53 gene, and also inhibited cell viability selectively in RKO, HCT15, and CT26 colon cancer cells but not in normal cells like CHO and HEK293T. Apart from exerting its own anti-cancer activity, the self-assembled HC16 vesicles loaded with docetaxel sensitized the cancer cells to its drug cargo by downregulating the drug metabolizing CYP3A4 gene. This indirectly reduces the risk of nonspecific adverse effects in normal cells, as the viability of sensitized cancer cells could be significantly reduced even in low doses of cytotoxic docetaxel. The near infrared (NIR)-dye-associated self-assemblies accumulated in a colon tumor with higher orders of NIR intensity compared to those in a colon of healthy mice. Thereafter, the treatment of HC16-docetaxel-p53 vesicle/DNA complex led to significant tumor regression, which resulted in a cecum/body weight ratio in tumor-bearing mice similar to that of healthy mice measured at 24 h postcompletion of treatment. There was an up to 2.5-fold enhancement in the overall survivability of colon-tumor-bearing mice treated with HC16-docetaxel-p53 vesicle/DNA complexes when compared against the pristine docetaxel-treated groups. Further, the HC16-docetaxel-p53 vesicle/DNA complex-treated group showed reduced nuclear accumulation of cell proliferation marker Ki67, reduced protein levels of prosurvival and mesenchymal proteins like Bcl-2, PARP, vimentin, and N-cadherin, and increased the levels of pro-apoptotic activated caspases as compared to the pristine docetaxel-treated groups. The therapeutic package described herein is expected to find future use as a rational, multifaceted, GR-targeted approach for inhibiting colon tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathyayani Sridharan
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhowmira Rathore
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Md Yousuf
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Department of Chemistry, Ramnagar College, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721 453, India
| | - Hari Krishna Reddy Rachamalla
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sudhakar Jinka
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Madhan Mohan Chandra Sekhar Jaggarapu
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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19
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Scavo MP, Cutrignelli A, Depalo N, Fanizza E, Laquintana V, Gasparini G, Giannelli G, Denora N. Effectiveness of a Controlled 5-FU Delivery Based on FZD10 Antibody-Conjugated Liposomes in Colorectal Cancer In vitro Models. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E650. [PMID: 32664186 PMCID: PMC7408534 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of controlled delivery therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) reduces toxicity and side effects. Recently, we have suggested that the Frizzled 10 (FZD10) protein, a cell surface receptor belonging to the FZD protein family that is overexpressed in CRC cells, is a novel candidate for targeting and treatment of CRC. Here, the anticancer effect of novel immuno-liposomes loaded with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), decorated with an antibody against FZD10 (anti-FZD10/5-FU/LPs), was evaluated in vitro on two different CRC cell lines, namely metastatic CoLo-205 and nonmetastatic CaCo-2 cells, that were found to overexpress FZD10. The anti-FZD10/5-FU/LPs obtained were extensively characterized and their preclinical therapeutic efficacy was evaluated with the MTS cell proliferation assay based on reduction of tetrazolium compound, scratch test, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE-SEM) investigation and immunofluorescence analysis. The results highlighted that the cytotoxic activity of 5-FU was enhanced when encapsulated in the anti-FZD10 /5-FU/LPs at the lowest tested concentrations, as compared to the free 5-FU counterparts. The immuno-liposomes proposed herein possess a great potential for selective treatment of CRC because, in future clinical applications, they can be encapsulated in gastro-resistant capsules or suppositories for oral or rectal delivery, thereby successfully reaching the intestinal tract in a minimally invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Principia Scavo
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. deBellis”, Via Turi 26 Castellana Grotte, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (V.L.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (E.F.)
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (E.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (V.L.); (N.D.)
| | | | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology “de Bellis”, Via Turi 26 Castellana Grotte, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (V.L.); (N.D.)
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (E.F.)
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20
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Hillman ET, Kozik AJ, Hooker CA, Burnett JL, Heo Y, Kiesel VA, Nevins CJ, Oshiro JM, Robins MM, Thakkar RD, Wu ST, Lindemann SR. Comparative genomics of the genus Roseburia reveals divergent biosynthetic pathways that may influence colonic competition among species. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000399. [PMID: 32589566 PMCID: PMC7478625 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Roseburia species are important denizens of the human gut microbiome that ferment complex polysaccharides to butyrate as a terminal fermentation product, which influences human physiology and serves as an energy source for colonocytes. Previous comparative genomics analyses of the genus Roseburia have examined polysaccharide degradation genes. Here, we characterize the core and pangenomes of the genus Roseburia with respect to central carbon and energy metabolism, as well as biosynthesis of amino acids and B vitamins using orthology-based methods, uncovering significant differences among species in their biosynthetic capacities. Variation in gene content among Roseburia species and strains was most significant for cofactor biosynthesis. Unlike all other species of Roseburia that we analysed, Roseburia inulinivorans strains lacked biosynthetic genes for riboflavin or pantothenate but possessed folate biosynthesis genes. Differences in gene content for B vitamin synthesis were matched with differences in putative salvage and synthesis strategies among species. For example, we observed extended biotin salvage capabilities in R. intestinalis strains, which further suggest that B vitamin acquisition strategies may impact fitness in the gut ecosystem. As differences in the functional potential to synthesize components of biomass (e.g. amino acids, vitamins) can drive interspecies interactions, variation in auxotrophies of the Roseburia spp. genomes may influence in vivo gut ecology. This study serves to advance our understanding of the potential metabolic interactions that influence the ecology of Roseburia spp. and, ultimately, may provide a basis for rational strategies to manipulate the abundances of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan T. Hillman
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ariangela J. Kozik
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Present address: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Casey A. Hooker
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - John L. Burnett
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yoojung Heo
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Violet A. Kiesel
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Clayton J. Nevins
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Present address: Department of Soil and Water Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Jordan M.K.I. Oshiro
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Melissa M. Robins
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Riya D. Thakkar
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sophie Tongyu Wu
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Stephen R. Lindemann
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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21
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Khonthun C, Saikachain N, Popluechai S, Kespechara K, Hiranyakas A, Srikummool M, Surangkul D. Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Involved in Butyrate-Resistant Colorectal Carcinoma HCT116 Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1739-1746. [PMID: 32592372 PMCID: PMC7568904 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.6.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is usually found in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer stem-like cells that are often regarded as the target for cancer monitoring. However, the different patterns of their transcriptomic profiling is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to illustrate the transcriptomic profile of CSCs and butyrate-resistant colorectal carcinoma cells (BR-CRCs), by comparing them with parental colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in order to identify distinguishing transcription patterns of the CSCs and BR-CRCs. METHODS Parental CRC cells HCT116 (HCT116-PT) were cultured and induced to establish the butyrate resistant cell model (HCT116-BR). Commercial enriching of the HCT116-CSCs were grown in a tumorsphere suspension culture, which was followed firstly by the assessment of butyrate tolerance using MTT and PrestoBlue. Then their gene expression profiling was analyzed by microarray. RESULTS The results showed that both butyrate-resistant HCT116 cells (HCT116-BR) and HCT116-CSCs were more tolerant a butyrate effects than HCT116-PT cells. Differentially expressed gene profiles exhibited that IFI27, FOXQ1, PRF1, and SLC2A3 genes were increasingly expressed in CSCs, and were dramatically overexpressed in HCT116-BR cells when compared with HCT116-PT cells. Moreover, PKIB and LOC399959 were downregulated both in HCT116-CSCs and HCT116-BR cells. CONCLUSION Our findings shed light on the transcriptomic profiles of chemoresistant CRC cells. This data should be useful for further study to provide guidelines for clinical prognosis to determine the guidelines for CRC treatment, especially in patients with chemoresistance and designing novel anti-neoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakkraphong Khonthun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
| | - Nongluk Saikachain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
| | - Siam Popluechai
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chaiang Rai, Thailand.
- Gut microbiome research group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chaiang Rai, Thailand.
| | | | | | - Metawee Srikummool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
| | - Damratsamon Surangkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
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22
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Cisplatin Protein Binding Partners and Their Relevance for Platinum Drug Sensitivity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061322. [PMID: 32466394 PMCID: PMC7349790 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used drug in the treatment of various solid tumors, such as ovarian cancer. However, while the acquired resistance significantly limits the success of therapy, some tumors, such as colorectal cancer, are intrinsically insensitive to cisplatin. Only a small amount of intracellular platinum binds to the target—genomic DNA. The fate of the remaining drug is largely obscure. This work aimed to identify the cytosolic protein binding partners of cisplatin in ovarian and colorectal cancer cells and to evaluate their relevance for cell sensitivity to cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Using the fluorescent cisplatin analog BODIPY-cisplatin, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry, we identified the protein binding partners in A2780 and cisplatin-resistant A2780cis ovarian carcinoma, as well as in HCT-8 and oxaliplatin-resistant HCT-8ox colorectal cell lines. Vimentin, only identified in ovarian cancer cells; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, only identified in colorectal cancer cells; and glutathione-S-transferase π, identified in all four cell lines, were further investigated. The effect of pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown on cytotoxicity was studied to assess the relevance of these binding partners. The silencing of glutathione-S-transferase π significantly sensitized intrinsically resistant HCT-8 and HCT-8ox cells to cisplatin, suggesting a possible involvement of the protein in the resistance of colorectal cancer cells to the drug. The inhibition of vimentin with FiVe1 resulted in a significant sensitization of A2780 and A2780cis cells to cisplatin, revealing new possibilities for improving the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells.
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23
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Amaretti A, Bottari B, Morreale F, Savo Sardaro ML, Angelino D, Raimondi S, Rossi M, Pellegrini N. Potential prebiotic effect of a long-chain dextran produced by Weissella cibaria: an in vitro evaluation. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:563-571. [PMID: 31910700 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1711026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dextrans are homopolysaccharides of D-glucose units produced by lactic acid bacteria. They have several technological applications and potential utilisation in positively modulating gut microbiota is attracting increasing attention. Whereas the prebiotic activity of low polymerisation degree (DP) dextrans has been established, high DP dextrans still deserve deeper investigation. In the present study, a long linear chain dextran produced by Weissella cibaria was compared to inulin with regards to the growth of specific health-related taxa and to the production of organic acids in pH-controlled batch cultures of intestinal microbiota. qPCR quantification of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Bacteroides fragilis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii revealed differences in their relative abundance, depending on the carbon source, that reflected the pattern of fermentation products determined by HPLC. Dextran mainly enhanced the relative amount of Prevotella and Bacteroides, consistently with a favourable acetate-propionate ratio suggesting a promising utilisation as functional ingredient in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Amaretti
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Biogest-Siteia, Centro per il Miglioramento e la Valorizzazione delle Risorse Biologiche Agro-Alimentari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Luisa Savo Sardaro
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of the Quality of Life, University of San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Angelino
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Raimondi
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Biogest-Siteia, Centro per il Miglioramento e la Valorizzazione delle Risorse Biologiche Agro-Alimentari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Rossi
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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24
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Park S, Kim D, Park JA, Kwon HJ, Lee Y. Targeting TM4SF5 with anti-TM4SF5 monoclonal antibody suppresses the growth and motility of human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:641-650. [PMID: 31897180 PMCID: PMC6924189 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. Transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 protein (TM4SF5) is one of the candidate molecular targets used for the prevention and treatment of TM4SF5-expressing cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer and pancreatic cancer. Recently, a previous study reported the preventive effects of a peptide vaccine, which targeted TM4SF5, in a mouse pancreatic cancer model. The present study investigated the implication of TM4SF5 and the suppressive effect of anti-human TM4SF5 monoclonal antibody (anti-hTM4SF5 antibody) in human pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. Treatment with anti-hTM4SF5 antibody reduced cell viability, modulated the expression of EMT markers Vimentin and E-cadherin, and decreased cell motility in human pancreatic cancer cells that endogenously expressed TM4SF5. When TM4SF5 was exogenously overexpressed in the TM4SF5-negative cell line, the cells indicated increased cell viability and motility compared with control cells, and the phenotype was reversed by anti-hTM4SF5 antibody treatment. Therefore, the results of the current study demonstrated that the high expression of TM4SF5 is a tumorigenic factor in human pancreatic cells and anti-hTM4SF5 antibody treatment exhibits a suppressive effect in TM4SF5-expressing pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbum Kim
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-A Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
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25
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Du Y, Tang G, Yuan W. Suppression of HDAC2 by sodium butyrate alleviates apoptosis of kidney cells in db/db mice and HG‑induced NRK‑52E cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:210-222. [PMID: 31746362 PMCID: PMC6889930 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate is short-chain fatty acid, which is produced by intestinal microbiota metabolizing dietary fibers. Butyrate participates in various physiological processes predominantly by activating G-coupled-receptors, inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and serving as an energy substrate. Previous studies have shown that butyrate plays a protective role in diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The present study identified that providing sodium butyrate (NaBu) by gavage relieved renal damage and apoptosis in db/db mice, which is a widely used type 2 DN model. In vitro, NaBu suppressed high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis in normal rat kidney tubular epithelial (NRK-52E) cells. Of the eleven HDACs (HDAC1-11) studied, only the mRNA expression of HDAC2 was attenuated by NaBu in NRK-52E cells under the HG condition. Overexpression of HDAC2 offset the anti-apoptotic effect of NaBu. NaBu also suppressed HG-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, H2O2 induced an upregulation of HDAC2 in NRK-52E cells, while NaBu inhibited this process. Mechanistically, NaBu acted as an antioxidant in HG-induced NRK-52E cells and suppressed HG-induced apoptosis of NRK-52E cells through inhibiting HDAC2 by virtue of its anti-oxidative property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Gang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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26
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Ma JH, Qi J, Lin SQ, Zhang CY, Liu FY, Xie WD, Li X. STAT3 Targets ERR-α to Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Migration, and Invasion in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2184-2195. [PMID: 31427441 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 is constitutively activated in many malignant tumor types and plays an important role in multiple aspects of cancer aggressiveness. In this study, we found that estrogen-related receptor α (ERR-α) correlating with STAT3 was highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines and tissues, which was associated with both the pathologic stage and prognosis of patients with TNBC. In vitro studies showed that ERR-α promoted TNBC cell migration and invasion, which was regulated by STAT3. Phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3, Tyr 705) could bind to the promotor of ERR-α, and activate its transcription, which was suggested by luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. We also found that ERR-α was the key target gene regulated by STAT3 in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion. ERR-α upregulated the expression of ZEB1, N-cadherin, and vimentin while downregulated the expression of E-cadherin. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that ERR-α could increase the metastasis ability of TNBC. Our finding demonstrated that ERR-α was a direct regulatory gene target of p-STAT3, which was enriched for processes involving invasion and metastasis in TNBC and provided insight into TNBC pathogenesis, as well as a potential therapeutic option against TNBC metastasis. IMPLICATIONS: Our research first showed that p-STAT3 (Tyr 705) could bind to the promotor region of ERR-α and promote EMT in TNBC by ZEB1 pathways, thus providing a potential clinical target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Ma
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Jie Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Qi Lin
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Yun Zhang
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Xie
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, P.R. China
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27
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Hejazi M, Baghbani E, Amini M, Rezaei T, Aghanejad A, Mosafer J, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B. MicroRNA‐193a and taxol combination: A new strategy for treatment of colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1388-1399. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hejazi
- Department of Genetic Higher Education Institute of Rab‐Rashid Tabriz Iran
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rezaei
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Department of Genetic Higher Education Institute of Rab‐Rashid Tabriz Iran
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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28
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Huang C, Wu XF, Wang XL. Trichostatin a inhibits phenotypic transition and induces apoptosis of the TAF-treated normal colonic epithelial cells through regulation of TGF-β pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105565. [PMID: 31278993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) contribute to transdifferentiation of stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a procedure of phenotypic remodeling of epithelial cells and extensively exists in local tumoral stroma. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Tricostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (SB) are reported to play important roles in the regulation of biological behaviour of cancer cells. However, whether TSA or SB is involved in control of EMT in colon epithelial cells induced by TAFs remains unidentified. In present study, we used conditioned medium (CM) form TAF-like CCD-18Co cells to stimulate 2D- and 3D-cultured colon epithelial HCoEpiC cells for 24 h and 4 d. We found that the CCD-18Co CM triggered multiple morphological changes in HCoEpiCs including prolonged cell diameters, down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of vimentin and α-SMA. Besides, ZEB1 and Snail expression and migration were also promoted by the CM. These phenomena were abolised by 5 μg/ml LY364947, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor. CCD-18Co induced up-regulation of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in the 2D and 3D models, while no change of HDAC4 exprerssion was found. Treatment of 2 μg/ml TSA reversed the CCD-18Co-induced morphological changes and migration of the HCoEpiCs, and suppressed the downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of vimentin, α-SMA, ZEB1 and Snail. However, the suppressive effect of 4 mg/ml SB on the EMT was not observed. TSA down-regulated the expressions of Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3 amd HDAC4. Besides, TSA promoted the apoptosis rate (36.84 ± 6.52%) comparing with the CCD-18Co-treated HCoEpiCs (3.52 ± 0.85%, P < 0.05), with promotion of Bax (0.5893±0.0498 in 2D and 0.8867±0.0916 in 3D) and reduction of Bcl-2 (0.0476±0.0053 in 2D and 0.0294±0.0075 in 3D). TSA stimulated expression of phosphorylated-p38 MAPK in 2D (0.3472±0.0249) and 3D (0.3188±0.0248). After pre-treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor VX-702 (0.5 mg/ml), the apoptosis rate of TSA was decreased in 2D (10.32%) and 3D (5.26%). Our observations demonstrate that epigenetic treatment with HDAC inhibitor TSA may be a useful therapeutic tool for the reversion of TAF-induced EMT in colon epithelium through mediating canonical Smads pathway and non-canonical p38 MAPK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Bao'an Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Xiao-Fen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiu-Lian Wang
- Health Management Centre, Affiliated Bao'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shenzhen, Traditional Chinese Medicine University Of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, 518100, China
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29
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Wei J, Han R, Su X, Chen Y, Shi J, Cui X, Zhang H, Gong Y, Chu X, Chen J. Identification of biomarkers and their functions in dasatinib-resistant pancreatic cancer using bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:197-206. [PMID: 31289489 PMCID: PMC6540339 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which inhibits tumor proliferation by blocking SRC pathways and is considered as a potential treatment of various epithelial neoplasms, including pancreatic cancer. However, dasatinib efficacy is largely limited due to drug resistance. In the present study, bioinformatics strategies were used to investigate the potential mechanisms of dasatinib-resistance in pancreatic cancer. The gene expression profiles of the Panc0403, Panc0504, Panc1005 (dasatinib-sensitive), SU8686, MiaPaCa2 and Panc1 (acquired dasatinib-resistant) cell lines were obtained from the gene expression omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then selected using R software. In addition, gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were performed through the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed to determine the hub genes using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database. A total of 472 DEGs, including vimentin, transmembrane 4 l six family member 18 and S100 calcium binding protein P, were identified. Enrichment analysis by GO function demonstrated that DEGs were associated with extracellular components, signal regulation and binding factors. The analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes demonstrated that several adenocarcinoma pathways were enriched, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Some hub genes were highlighted following the PPI network construction, including Rac family small GTPase 1, laminin subunit α3, integrin subunit β4, integrin subunit α2, collagen type VI α1 chain, collagen type I α2 chain, arrestin β1 and synaptotagmin 1, which may be associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma prognosis. A total of five out of eight hub genes were highly associated with the overall survival rate (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study reported novel insights into the mechanisms of dasatinib resistance. Identification of these hub genes may be considered as potential novel treatment targets for dasatinib-resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsun Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Rongbo Han
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Su
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Cui
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Yang Gong
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Xia Chu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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30
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Danielsson F, Peterson MK, Caldeira Araújo H, Lautenschläger F, Gad AKB. Vimentin Diversity in Health and Disease. Cells 2018; 7:E147. [PMID: 30248895 PMCID: PMC6210396 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is a protein that has been linked to a large variety of pathophysiological conditions, including cataracts, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV and cancer. Vimentin has also been shown to regulate a wide spectrum of basic cellular functions. In cells, vimentin assembles into a network of filaments that spans the cytoplasm. It can also be found in smaller, non-filamentous forms that can localise both within cells and within the extracellular microenvironment. The vimentin structure can be altered by subunit exchange, cleavage into different sizes, re-annealing, post-translational modifications and interacting proteins. Together with the observation that different domains of vimentin might have evolved under different selection pressures that defined distinct biological functions for different parts of the protein, the many diverse variants of vimentin might be the cause of its functional diversity. A number of review articles have focussed on the biology and medical aspects of intermediate filament proteins without particular commitment to vimentin, and other reviews have focussed on intermediate filaments in an in vitro context. In contrast, the present review focusses almost exclusively on vimentin, and covers both ex vivo and in vivo data from tissue culture and from living organisms, including a summary of the many phenotypes of vimentin knockout animals. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the many diverse aspects of vimentin, from biochemical, mechanical, cellular, systems biology and medical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Danielsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Campus D2 2, Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien gGmbH (INM) and Experimental Physics, NT Faculty, E 2 6, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Annica Karin Britt Gad
- Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, 9020105 Funchal, Portugal.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden.
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31
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Pandurangan AK, Divya T, Kumar K, Dineshbabu V, Velavan B, Sudhandiran G. Colorectal carcinogenesis: Insights into the cell death and signal transduction pathways: A review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:244-259. [PMID: 30254720 PMCID: PMC6147765 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i9.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) imposes a major health burden in developing countries. It is the third major cause of cancer deaths. Despite several treatment strategies, novel drugs are warranted to reduce the severity of this disease. Adenomatous polyps in the colon are the major culprits in CRC and found in 45% of cancers, especially in patients 60 years of age. Inflammatory polyps are currently gaining attention in CRC, and a growing body of evidence denotes the role of inflammation in CRC. Several experimental models are being employed to investigate CRC in animals, which include the APCmin/+ mouse model, Azoxymethane, Dimethyl hydrazine, and a combination of Dextran sodium sulphate and dimethyl hydrazine. During CRC progression, several signal transduction pathways are activated. Among the major signal transduction pathways are p53, Transforming growth factor beta, Wnt/β-catenin, Delta Notch, Hippo signalling, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 pathways. These signalling pathways collaborate with cell death mechanisms, which include apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy, to determine cell fate. Extensive research has been carried out in our laboratory to investigate these signal transduction and cell death mechanistic pathways in CRC. This review summarizes CRC pathogenesis and the related cell death and signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok kumar Pandurangan
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
- School of Life sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
| | - Thomas Divya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Kalaivani Kumar
- School of Life sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
| | - Vadivel Dineshbabu
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Bakthavatchalam Velavan
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Ganapasam Sudhandiran
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
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Yin S, Chen FF, Yang GF. Vimentin immunohistochemical expression as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1376-1380. [PMID: 30078472 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognostic value of vimentin expression in Gastric Cancer (GC) has been assessed for years while the results are still in dispute. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect of vimentin immunohistochemical (IHC) expression on the prognosis of GC. METHODS Literature searches were performed in PubMed and Embase. The meta-analysis examined the association of vimentin IHC expression with prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients. RESULTS In total, ten studies involving 1598 cases were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Vimentin positive expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS) in GC patients (HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.29-3.24) but there was a significant degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 77%, P = 0.0006). Subgroup analysis indicated that vimentin expression had an unfavorable impact on OS in Chinese patients (HR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.30-4.55). Moreover, vimentin positive expression rates was significantly associated with age, tumor location, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. However, vimentin positive expression rates did not correlate with gender, grade of differentiation, vascular invasion, the depth of invasion, hepatic metastasis or peritoneal metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Positive vimentin expression could serve as a poor prognostic marker in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yin
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang-Fang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gui-Fang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Huang D, Yuan W, Li H, Li S, Chen Z, Yang H. Identification of key pathways and biomarkers in sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma using bioinformatics analysis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1850-1858. [PMID: 30186410 PMCID: PMC6122189 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant types of cancer, with a high mortality rate. Sorafenib is the sole approved oral clinical therapy against advanced HCC. However, individual patients exhibit varying responses to sorafenib and the development of sorafenib resistance has been a new challenge for its clinical efficacy. The current study identified gene biomarkers and key pathways in sorafenib-resistant HCC using bioinformatics analysis. Gene dataset GSE73571 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including four sorafenib-acquired resistant and three sorafenib-sensitive HCC phenotypes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the web tool GEO2R. Functional and pathway enrichment of DEGs were analyzed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and Cytoscape. A total of 1,319 DEGs were selected, which included 593 upregulated and 726 downregulated genes. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis revealed DEGs enriched in negative regulation of endopeptidase activity, cholesterol homeostasis, DNA replication and repair, coagulation cascades, insulin resistance, RNA transport, cell cycle and others. Eight hub genes, including kininogen 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, apolipoprotein C3, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2, secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich, vitronectin and vimentin were identified from the PPI network. In conclusion, the present study identified DEGs and key genes in sorafenib-resistant HCC, which further the knowledge of potential mechanisms in the development of sorafenib resistance and may provide potential targets for early diagnosis and new treatments for sorafenib-resistant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Weiqu Yuan
- Acupuncture Department, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Hanmin Li
- Hepatopathy Institution, Affiliated Hospital Hubei University Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
| | - Shaodong Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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34
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Xu Z, Wang Y, Wu S, Wu L, Song H, Zhou L. Expression of vimentin and Oct-4 in gallbladder adenocarcinoma and their relationship with vasculogenic mimicry and their clinical significance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:3618-3627. [PMID: 31949742 PMCID: PMC6962874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin (a marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition), and Oct-4 (a marker of cancer stem cells) are predicative biomarkers for identifying malignant cell invasion and metastasis. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a newly discovered tumor characteristic that is common in highly invasive malignancies, is considered to be an important factor in evaluating the prognosis and metastasis of many malignancies. The following paper analyzes the correlation between vimentin, Oct-4, and VM in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBAC) specimens using immunohistochemistry in an attempt to elucidate the survival and clinicopathological parameters of changes in vimentin, Oct-4, and VM. Briefly, significantly higher positive expression rates of vimentin, Oct-4, and VM were observed in GBAC tissues than in the corresponding para-carcinoma tissues. In addition, the levels of vimentin, Oct-4, and VM were positively correlated with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis (LNM), infiltration of the surrounding tissues (STI), and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, as well as inversely with a patient's overall survival (OS) time. Moreover, the analysis of multiple factors shows that high vimentin, Oct-4, and VM levels, STI, and LNM as well as TNM stage were potential and significant factors for OS time in patients with GBAC. To sum up, the positive expression of vimentin, Oct-4, and VM may be undesirable factors for metastasis, invasion and prognosis, as well as effective therapeutic targets for GBAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
| | - Zhouyi Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
| | - Shiwu Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
| | - Lu Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical UniversityAnhui Province, China
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35
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Bordonaro M. Hypothesis: Cancer Is a Disease of Evolved Trade-Offs Between Neoplastic Virulence and Transmission. J Cancer 2018; 9:1707-1724. [PMID: 29805696 PMCID: PMC5968758 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence is defined as the ability of a pathogen to cause morbidity and/or mortality in infected hosts. The relationship between virulence and transmissibility is complex; natural selection may promote decreased virulence to enhance host mobility and increase the probability for transmission, or transmissibility may be enhanced by increased virulence, leading to higher pathogen load and, in some cases, superior evasion from host defenses. An evolutionary trade-off exists between the ability of pathogens to maintain opportunities for long-term transmission via suppressed virulence and increased short-term transmission via enhanced virulence. We propose an analogy between transmissibility and virulence in microbial pathogens and in cancer. Thus, in the latter case, the outcome of invasive growth and metastasis is analogous to transmissibility, and virulence is defined by high rates of proliferation, invasiveness and motility, potential for metastasis, and the extent to which the cancer contributes to patient morbidity and mortality. Horizontal and vertical transmission, associated with increased or decreased pathogen virulence respectively, can also be utilized to model the neoplastic process and factors that would increase or decrease tumor aggressiveness. Concepts of soft vs. hard selection and evolutionary game theory can optimize our understanding of carcinogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the language of transmissibility, horizontal vs. vertical transmission, selection, and virulence can be used to inform approaches to inhibit tumorigenic progression, and, more generally, for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Basic Sciences, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
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36
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Turner TH, Alzubi MA, Sohal SS, Olex AL, Dozmorov MG, Harrell JC. Characterizing the efficacy of cancer therapeutics in patient-derived xenograft models of metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018. [PMID: 29532339 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Basal-like breast cancers are aggressive and often metastasize to vital organs. Treatment is largely limited to chemotherapy. This study aims to characterize the efficacy of cancer therapeutics in vitro and in vivo within the primary tumor and metastatic setting, using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. METHODS We employed two basal-like, triple-negative PDX models, WHIM2 and WHIM30. PDX cells, obtained from mammary tumors grown in mice, were treated with twelve cancer therapeutics to evaluate their cytotoxicity in vitro. Four of the effective drugs-carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dacarbazine-were tested in vivo for their efficacy in treating mammary tumors, and metastases generated by intracardiac injection of tumor cells. RESULTS RNA sequencing showed that global gene expression of PDX cells grown in the mammary gland was similar to those tested in culture. In vitro, carboplatin was cytotoxic to WHIM30 but not WHIM2, whereas bortezomib, dacarbazine, and cyclophosphamide were cytotoxic to both lines. Yet, these drugs were ineffective in treating both primary and metastatic WHIM2 tumors in vivo. Carboplatin and cyclophosphamide were effective in treating WHIM30 mammary tumors and reducing metastatic burden in the brain, liver, and lungs. WHIM2 and WHIM30 metastases showed distinct patterns of cytokeratin and vimentin expression, regardless of treatment, suggesting that different tumor cell subpopulations may preferentially seed in different organs. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the utility of PDX models for studying the efficacy of therapeutics in reducing metastatic burden in specific organs. The differential treatment responses between two PDX models of the same intrinsic subtype, in both the primary and metastatic setting, recapitulates the challenges faced in treating cancer patients and highlights the need for combination therapies and predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia H Turner
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Mohammad A Alzubi
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Sahib S Sohal
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Amy L Olex
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Mikhail G Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. .,Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. .,Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. .,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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37
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Fedorova MS, Snezhkina AV, Pudova EA, Abramov IS, Lipatova AV, Kharitonov SL, Sadritdinova AF, Nyushko KM, Klimina KM, Belyakov MM, Slavnova EN, Melnikova NV, Chernichenko MA, Sidorov DV, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Alekseev BY, Dmitriev AA, Kudryavtseva AV. Upregulation of NETO2 gene in colorectal cancer. BMC Genet 2017; 18:117. [PMID: 29297384 PMCID: PMC5751543 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropilin and tolloid-like 2 (NETO2) is a single-pass transmembrane protein that has been shown primarily implicated in neuron-specific processes. Upregulation of NETO2 gene was also detected in several cancer types. In colorectal cancer (CRC), it was associated with tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis, and seems to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanism of NETO2 action is still poorly understood. RESULTS We have revealed significant increase in the expression of NETO2 gene and deregulation of eight EMT-related genes in CRC. Four of them were upregulated (TWIST1, SNAIL1, LEF1, and FOXA2); the mRNA levels of other genes (FOXA1, BMP2, BMP5, and SMAD7) were decreased. Expression of NETO2 gene was weakly correlated with that of genes involved in the EMT process. CONCLUSIONS We found considerable NETO2 upregulation, but no significant correlation between the expression of NETO2 and EMT-related genes in CRC. Thus, NETO2 may be involved in CRC progression, but is not directly associated with EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elena A. Pudova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Abramov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sergey L. Kharitonov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Asiya F. Sadritdinova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill M. Nyushko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya M. Klimina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M. Belyakov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N. Slavnova
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Chernichenko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Sidorov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Kiseleva
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Y. Alekseev
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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38
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McNabney SM, Henagan TM. Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon and Peripheral Tissues: A Focus on Butyrate, Colon Cancer, Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1348. [PMID: 29231905 PMCID: PMC5748798 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased dietary fiber consumption has been associated with many beneficial effects, including amelioration of obesity and insulin resistance. These effects may be due to the increased production of short chain fatty acids, including propionate, acetate and butyrate, during fermentation of the dietary fiber in the colon. Indeed, oral and dietary supplementation of butyrate alone has been shown to prevent high fat-diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. This review focuses on sources of short chain fatty acids, with emphasis on sources of butyrate, mechanisms of fiber and butyrate metabolism in the gut and its protective effects on colon cancer and the peripheral effects of butyrate supplementation in peripheral tissues in the prevention and reversal of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M McNabney
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Tara M Henagan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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39
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Liu LG, Yan XB, Xie RT, Jin ZM, Yang Y. Stromal Expression of Vimentin Predicts the Clinical Outcome of Stage II Colorectal Cancer for High-Risk Patients. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2897-2905. [PMID: 28611349 PMCID: PMC5479442 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased expression of vimentin in tissue samples from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has been previously demonstrated, but its prognostic significance remains controversial, and the clinical significance for patients with stage II CRC is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of vimentin in CRC and its potential prognostic significance. Material/Methods We analyzed vimentin expression in 203 CRC tissue samples from patients with stage II cancer using immunohistochemistry, and correlated the findings with clinicopathological patient features. CRC-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards method for survival. Results Vimentin expression was significantly correlated only with tumor (T) stage (p=0.024). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that vimentin expression could stratify the CSS and DFS of patients with stage II CRC at high risk (p=0.029, p=0.042, respectively), but not those of low-risk stage II patients (p=0.208, p=0.361, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis further revealed that stromal vimentin expression is an independent prognostic factor for CSS and DFS of high-risk stage II patients (p=0.043, p=0.022, respectively). Moreover, high-risk stage II patients with low stromal vimentin expression benefitted more from standard adjuvant chemotherapy than those with high stromal vimentin expression (CSS: p=0.012 vs. p=0.407; DFS: p=0.017 vs. p=0.420). Conclusions Our study suggests that stromal vimentin expression is a promising indicator for survival prediction and adjuvant chemotherapy response in patients with stage II CRC with high-risk factors for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Guo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xue-Bing Yan
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ru-Ting Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth Peoples' Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Ming Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth Peoples' Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Kunshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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40
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Yu CJ, Dai F, Xiong J, Li HJ, Wu ZS, Ding R, Wang H. Role of ARPC2 in Human Gastric Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5432818. [PMID: 28694563 PMCID: PMC5485321 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5432818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer continues to be the second most frequent cause of cancer deaths worldwide. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Further research to find potential targets for therapy is critical and urgent. In this study, we found that ARPC2 promoted cell proliferation and invasion in the human cancer cell line MKN-28 using a cell total number assay, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, cell colony formation assay, migration assay, invasion assay, and wound healing assay. For downstream pathways, CTNND1, EZH2, BCL2L2, CDH2, VIM, and EGFR were upregulated by ARPC2, whereas PTEN, BAK, and CDH1 were downregulated by ARPC2. In a clinical study, we examined the expression of ARPC2 in 110 cases of normal human gastric tissues and 110 cases of human gastric cancer tissues. ARPC2 showed higher expression in gastric cancer tissues than in normal gastric tissues. In the association analysis of 110 gastric cancer tissues, ARPC2 showed significant associations with large tumor size, lymph node invasion, and high tumor stage. In addition, ARPC2-positive patients exhibited lower RFS and OS rates compared with ARPC2-negative patients. We thus identify that ARPC2 plays an aneretic role in human gastric cancer and provided a new target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital (Hefei First People's Hospital) of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chang-Jun Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fu Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital (Hefei First People's Hospital) of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital (Hefei First People's Hospital) of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital (Hefei First People's Hospital) of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital (Hefei First People's Hospital) of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital (Hefei First People's Hospital) of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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41
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Ladrech S, Eybalin M, Puel JL, Lenoir M. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and collective and individual cell migration regulate epithelial changes in the amikacin-damaged organ of Corti. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:129-142. [PMID: 28365859 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing the microenvironment of a damaged organ of Corti and identifying the basic mechanisms involved in subsequent epithelial reorganization are critical for improving the outcome of clinical therapies. In this context, we studied the expression of a variety of cell markers related to cell shape, cell adhesion and cell plasticity in the rat organ of Corti poisoned with amikacin. Our results indicate that, after severe outer hair cell losses, the cytoarchitectural reorganization of the organ of Corti implicates epithelial-mesenchymal transition mechanisms and involves both collective and individual cell migratory processes. The results also suggest that both root cells and infiltrated fibroblasts participate in the homeostasis of the damaged epithelium, and that the flat epithelium that may emerge offers biological opportunities for late regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ladrech
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34091, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Eybalin
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34091, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34091, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Lenoir
- INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34091, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. .,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Metformin inhibits gastric cancer cells metastatic traits through suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a glucose-independent manner. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174486. [PMID: 28334027 PMCID: PMC5363973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is mainly recognized by upregulation of mesenchymal markers and movement of cells, is a critical stage occurred during embryo development and spreading cancerous cells. Metformin is an antidiabetic drug used in treatment of type 2 diabetes. EMT inhibitory effect of metformin has been studied in several cancers; however, it remains unknown in gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metformin effects on inhibition of EMT-related genes as well as migration and invasion of AGS gastric cancer cell line. Moreover, to study the effect of glucose on metformin-mediated EMT inhibition, all experiments were performed in two glucose levels, similar to non-fasting blood sugar (7.8 mM) and hyperglycemic (17.5 mM) conditions. The results showed reduction of mesenchymal markers, including vimentin and β-catenin, and induction of epithelial marker, E-cadherin, by metformin in both glucose concentrations. Furthermore, wound-healing and invasion assays showed a significant decrease in cell migration and invasion after metformin treatment in both glucose levels. In conclusion, our results indicated that metformin strongly inhibited EMT of gastric cancer cells in conditions mimicking normo and hyperglycemic blood sugar.
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Oncogenic role of PDK4 in human colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:930-936. [PMID: 28208156 PMCID: PMC5379150 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer cells maintain high rates of glycolysis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK) contribute to this phenomenon, which favours apoptosis resistance and cellular transformation. We previously reported upregulation of PDK4 in normal mucosa of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared with controls and in preneoplastic intestine of our mouse model. Decreased methylation of four consecutive PDK4 CpGs was observed in normal mucosa of patients. Although other members of the PDK family have been investigated for transformation potential, PDK4 has not been extensively studied. Methods: PDK4 methylation in blood of CRC patients and controls was evaluated by pyrosequencing. PDK4 expression in human colon carcinoma cells was down-regulated by RNAi. Cellular migration and invasion, apoptosis and qRT-PCR of key genes were assessed. Results: Pyrosequencing revealed decreased methylation of the same four consecutive CpGs in the blood of patients compared with controls. Cellular migration and invasion were reduced and apoptosis was increased following transient or stable inhibition of PDK4. Expression of vimentin, HIF-1 and VEGFA was reduced. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate the involvement of PDK4 in transformation. Methylation assessment of PDK4 in the blood may be useful for non-invasive CRC detection. PDK4 should be considered as a target for development of anticancer strategies and therapies
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Huang Z, Ai Z, Li N, Xi H, Gao X, Wang F, Tan X, Liu H. Over expression of galectin-3 associates with short-term poor prognosis in stage II colon cancer. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:445-455. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of ``Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment'', Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zenan Ai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of ``Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment'', Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofeng Xi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xucan Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of ``Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment'', Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Butyrate Inhibits Cancerous HCT116 Colon Cell Proliferation but to a Lesser Extent in Noncancerous NCM460 Colon Cells. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010025. [PMID: 28045428 PMCID: PMC5295069 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, an intestinal microbiota metabolite of dietary fiber, exhibits chemoprevention effects on colon cancer development. However, the mechanistic action of butyrate remains to be determined. We hypothesize that butyrate inhibits cancerous cell proliferation but to a lesser extent in noncancerous cells through regulating apoptosis and cellular-signaling pathways. We tested this hypothesis by exposing cancerous HCT116 or non-cancerous NCM460 colon cells to physiologically relevant doses of butyrate. Cellular responses to butyrate were characterized by Western analysis, fluorescent microscopy, acetylation, and DNA fragmentation analyses. Butyrate inhibited cell proliferation, and led to an induction of apoptosis, genomic DNA fragmentation in HCT116 cells, but to a lesser extent in NCM460 cells. Although butyrate increased H3 histone deacetylation and p21 tumor suppressor expression in both cell types, p21 protein level was greater with intense expression around the nuclei in HCT116 cells when compared with that in NCM460 cells. Furthermore, butyrate treatment increased the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), a survival signal, in NCM460 cells while it decreased p-ERK1/2 in HCT116 cells. Taken together, the activation of survival signaling in NCM460 cells and apoptotic potential in HCT116 cells may confer the increased sensitivity of cancerous colon cells to butyrate in comparison with noncancerous colon cells.
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Wang B, Chen Q, Cao Y, Ma X, Yin C, Jia Y, Zang A, Fan W. LGR5 Is a Gastric Cancer Stem Cell Marker Associated with Stemness and the EMT Signature Genes NANOG, NANOGP8, PRRX1, TWIST1, and BMI1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168904. [PMID: 28033430 PMCID: PMC5199039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are essential for cancer initiation, metastasis and drug resistance. However, the functional association of gastric CSC markers with stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature genes is unclear. Methods qPCR was performed to measure the expression profiles of stemness and EMT signature genes and their association with putative CSC markers in gastric cancer tissues, cancer cell lines and sphere cells. Western blot analysis was used to confirm the results of the transcript analysis. Cell proliferation, cell migration, drug resistance and sphere cell growth assays were conducted to measure the expansion and invasion abilities of the cells. Tumor xenograft experiments were performed in NOD/SCID mice to test cell stemness in vivo. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze cell subpopulations. Results The expression of LGR5 was strikingly up-regulated in sphere cells but not in cancer tissues or parental adherent cells. The up-regulation of LGR5 was also positively associated with stemness regulators (NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, and AICDA) and EMT inducers (PRRX1, TWIST1, and BMI1). In addition, sphere cells exhibited up-regulated vimentin and down-regulated E-cadherin expression. Using gene-specific primers, we found that the NANOG expression primarily originates from the retrogene NANOGP8. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of both LGR5 and NANOG is significantly higher in sphere cells. LGR5 over-expression significantly enhanced sphere cell growth, cell proliferation, cell migration and drug resistance in MGC803 cells. Tumor xenografts in nude mice showed that sphere cells are at least 10 times more efficient at tumor initiation than adherent cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ~20% of sphere cells are LGR5+/CD54+, but only ~3% of adherent cells are Lgr5+/CD54+. Immunofluorescence staining supports the above results. Conclusion The LGR5-expressing fraction of CD54+ cells represents gastric cancer CSCs, in which LGR5 is closely associated with stemness and EMT core genes, and NANOG expression is mainly contributed by the retrogene NANOGP8. Sphere cells are the best starting materials for the characterization of CSCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/deficiency
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Down-Regulation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/genetics
- Nanog Homeobox Protein/genetics
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Organoplatinum Compounds/pharmacology
- Oxaliplatin
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Twist-Related Protein 1/genetics
- Up-Regulation
- Vimentin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Molecular Biology Lab of Gastric Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Queting Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Molecular Biology Lab of Gastric Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xia Ma
- Molecular Biology Lab of Gastric Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chenxing Yin
- Molecular Biology Lab of Gastric Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Youchao Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Aimin Zang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wufang Fan
- Molecular Biology Lab of Gastric Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Bi Z, Liu W, Ding R, Wu Y, Dou R, Zhang W, Yuan X, Liu X, Xiong L, Guo Z, Mao C. A novel peptide, 9R-P201, strongly inhibits the viability, proliferation and migration of liver cancer HepG2 cells and induces apoptosis by down-regulation of FoxM1 expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 796:175-189. [PMID: 28012972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of FoxM1 was closely related to the proliferation, metastasis, chemo-resistance and poor prognosis of various cancers. FoxM1 was regarded as the Achilles' heel of cancer and a potential target for anti-cancer drug discovery. We previously obtained several high affinity peptides from the phage random library against the DNA binding domain of FoxM1c (FoxM1c-DBD) protein. Here in this paper, we found that 9R-P201, one of the novel peptides, showed stronger inhibition to HepG2 cancer cells than those of DU145, HUVEC and L-02 cells with an IC50 of 43.6µg/ml (13.1µM). The peptide was highly effective to liver cancer cells with an IC50 for L-02 cells of 2855.9µg/ml. We confirmed that 9R-P201 aggregated in the cell nucleus and the expression of FoxM1 was significantly down-regulated at both transcriptional and translational levels in HepG2 cells, leading to the suppression of cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and induction of apoptosis. Whole genomic RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 357 genes were significantly and differentially expressed, most of them were enriched in cancer-associated biological processes. Finally, treatment of HepG2 xenografts with 9R-P201 resulted in growth inhibition and down-regulation of foxM1 expression in tumors. Collectively, our findings suggested that 9R-P201 could strongly inhibit the viability, proliferation and migration of liver cancer HepG2 cells and induce apoptosis by down-regulation of FoxM1 and regulation of related gene expression in signal transduction passways. Thus, 9R-P201 holds great potential as a lead anti-cancer drug targeting FoxM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Bi
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Wenrong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Ruofang Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Rongkun Dou
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Xinrong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Lili Xiong
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Zhiyun Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China.
| | - Canquan Mao
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China.
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