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Hassan NF, El-Ansary MR, El-Ansary AR, El-Saied MA, Zaki OS. Unveiling the protective potential of mirabegron against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats: Insights into cAMP/PPAR-γ/p-ERK1/2/p S536 NF-κB p 65 and p-CREB/BDNF/TrkB in parallel with oxidative and apoptotic trajectories. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 229:116504. [PMID: 39179118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the most prevalent and severe hepatic and brain disorders in which escalation of the oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic trajectories pathologically connects acute liver injury with neurological impairment. Mirabegron (Mira) is a beta3 adrenergic receptor agonist with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The current research pointed to exploring Mira's hepato-and neuroprotective impacts against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HE in rats. Rats were distributed into three experimental groups: the normal control group, the TAA group, received TAA (200 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days) and the Mira-treated group received Mira (10 mg/kg/day; oral gavage) for 15 consecutive days and intoxicated with TAA from the 13th to the 15th day of the experimental period. Mira counteracted hyperammonemia, enhanced rats' locomotor capability and motor coordination. It attenuated hepatic/neurological injuries by its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic as well as anti-inflammatory potentials. Mira predominantly targeted cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-Erk1/2)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) dependent pathways via downregulation of p S536-nuclear factor kappa B p65 (p S536 NF-κB p 65)/tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) axis. Meanwhile, it attenuated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) depletion in parallel with restoring of the neuroprotective defensive pathway by upregulation of cerebral cAMP/PPAR-γ/p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB/BDNF/TrkB besides reduction of GFAP immunoreactivity. Mira showed anti-apoptotic activity through inhibition of Bax immunoreactivity and elevation of Bcl2. To summarize, Mira exhibited a hepato-and neuroprotective effect against TAA-induced HE in rats via shielding antioxidant defense and mitigation of the pathological inflammatory and apoptotic axis besides upregulation of neuroprotective signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona R El-Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira R El-Ansary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Saied
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omnia S Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
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Verma N, Vinod AP, Singal AK. The pharmacological management of alcohol-related cirrhosis: what's new? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:1923-1941. [PMID: 39360770 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2409941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is present in the majority of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), which leads to about 50% of cirrhosis-related hospitalizations and over 25% of deaths worldwide. Patients with ALD often present at an advanced stage, like cirrhosis with its complications and alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), which has high short-term mortality. Current treatments are limited, with the limited benefit of glucocorticoids only in the short-term among patients with AH, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapies. AREAS COVERED This review applies the PIRO (Predisposition, Injury, Response, Organ dysfunction) concept to ALD, understanding an ongoing process of liver damage, and opportunities to address and halt the progression. We also highlight the significance of treating AUD to improve long-term outcomes in ALD. EXPERT OPINION Personalized therapies targeting specific genetic profiles and multiple pathogenic pathways are crucial in managing ALD. Emerging therapies like gut-liver-brain axis modulators like fecal microbiota transplant and probiotics, interleukin-22, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cells, epigenetic regulators of inflammation and regeneration are encouraging with the potential of efficacy in patients with ALD. Liver transplantation (LT) is a definitive therapy for advanced cirrhosis with increasing impetus on early LT select patients with active alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Verma
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwin P Vinod
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani K Singal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Transplant Hepatology, Jewish Hospital and Trager Transplant Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Research, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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3
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Koyama S, Weber EL, Heinbockel T. Possible Combinatorial Utilization of Phytochemicals and Extracellular Vesicles for Wound Healing and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10353. [PMID: 39408681 PMCID: PMC11476926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Organ and tissue damage can result from injury and disease. How to facilitate regeneration from damage has been a topic for centuries, and still, we are trying to find agents to use for treatments. Two groups of biological substances are known to facilitate wound healing. Phytochemicals with bioactive properties form one group. Many phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory effects and enhance wound healing. Recent studies have described their effects at the gene and protein expression levels, highlighting the receptors and signaling pathways involved. The extremely large number of phytochemicals and the multiple types of receptors they activate suggest a broad range of applicability for their clinical use. The hydrophobic nature of many phytochemicals and the difficulty with chemical stabilization have been a problem. Recent developments in biotechnology and nanotechnology methods are enabling researchers to overcome these problems. The other group of biological substances is extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are now known to have important biological functions, including the improvement of wound healing. The proteins and nanoparticles contained in mammalian EVs as well as the specificity of the targets of microRNAs included in the EVs are becoming clear. Plant-derived EVs have been found to contain phytochemicals. The overlap in the wound-healing capabilities of both phytochemicals and EVs and the differences in their nature suggest the possibility of a combinatorial use of the two groups, which may enhance their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Koyama
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Erin L. Weber
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Li F, Xu J, Xie M, Fei D, Zhou Y, Li X, Guang Y, Gong L, Hu L, Feng F. Regulatory effects of tea polysaccharides on hepatic inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and serum metabolomic signatures in beef cattle under heat stress. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1460414. [PMID: 39308975 PMCID: PMC11413490 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1460414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term heat stress (HS) severely restricts the growth performance of beef cattle and causes various health problems. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in HS-associated inflammation and immune stress involving lymphocyte function. This study investigated the effects of dietary tea polysaccharide (TPS), a natural acidic glycoprotein, on HS-induced anorexia, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in Simmental beef cattle. Methods The cattle were divided into two groups, receiving either normal chow or normal chow plus TPS (8 g/kg, 0.8%). Transcriptome sequencing analysis was used to analysis the differential signaling pathway of liver tissue. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to analysis gut microbiota of beef cattle. Serum metabolite components were detected by untargeted metabolomics analysis. Results Hepatic transcriptomics analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes in TPS-fed cattle were primarily enriched in immune processes and lymphocyte activation. TPS administration significantly reduced the expression of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway, alleviating HS-induced hepatic inflammation. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that TPS improved intestinal homeostasis in HS-affected cattle by increasing bacterial diversity and increasing the relative abundances of Akkermansia and Alistipes while decreasing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundance of Agathobacter. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) analysis indicated that TPS significantly increased the levels of long-chain fatty acids, including stearic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and adrenic acid, in the serum of cattle. Conclusion These findings suggest that long-term consumption of tea polysaccharides can ameliorate heat stress-induced hepatic inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis in beef cattle, suggesting a possible liver-gut axis mechanism to mitigate heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Xie
- Institute of Quality Safety and Standards of agricultural Products, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Dan Fei
- Institute of Quality Safety and Standards of agricultural Products, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaomin Zhou
- Institute of Quality Safety and Standards of agricultural Products, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Pingxiang Center of Agricultural Science and Technology Research, Pingxiang, China
| | - Yelan Guang
- Institute of Quality Safety and Standards of agricultural Products, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Lihui Gong
- Institute of Quality Safety and Standards of agricultural Products, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Lizhen Hu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding, Nanchang, China
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El-Sawy WSM, El-Bahrawy AH, Messiha BAS, Hemeida RAM, Khalaf MM. The impact of PPAR-γ/Nrf-2/HO-1, NF-κB/IL-6/ Keap-1, and Bcl-2/caspase-3/ATG-5 pathways in mitigation of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in an animal model: The potential cardioprotective role of oxyresveratrol and/or dapagliflozin. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 191:114863. [PMID: 38997059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Antioxidants given concurrently with chemotherapy offer an effective strategy for reducing the negative effects of the drug. One remaining obstacle to the use of doxorubicin (DOX) in chemotherapy is cardiotoxicity. Using vitamin E (Vit. E) as a reference standard, our study focuses on the potential preventive benefits of oxyresveratrol (ORES) and/or dapagliflozin (DAPA) against DOX-induced cardiac injury. Acute cardiotoxicity was noticed after a single intravenous injection of a male rat's tail vein with 10 mg/kg of DOX. Oral doses of ORES (80 mg/kg), DAPA (10 mg/kg), and Vit. E (1 g/kg) were given, respectively. Pretreatment of animals with Vit. E, ORES and/or DAPA revealed a considerable alleviation of heart damage, as evidenced by histopathological change mitigation and a notable drop in serum AST, LDH, CK, CK-MB, and cardiac contents of MDA and NO2-. Also, serum TAC, tissue GSH, and SOD showed substantial increases. Additionally, tissue caspase-3, serum IL-6, and TNF-α were considerably reduced. Moreover, a downregulation in cardiac gene expression of ATG-5, Keap-1, and NF-κB in addition to an upregulation of Bcl-2 gene expression and HO-1, Nrf-2, and PPAR-γ protein expression clearly appeared. Ultimately, ORES and/or DAPA have an optimistic preventive action against severe heart deterioration caused by DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S M El-Sawy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Bahrawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Basim A S Messiha
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minya, 61519, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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Guo Q, Wang J, Ni C, Pan J, Zou J, Shi Y, Sun J, Zhang X, Wang D, Luan F. Research progress on the natural products in the intervention of myocardial infarction. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1445349. [PMID: 39239656 PMCID: PMC11374734 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1445349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is a prevalent cardiovascular ailment globally, with myocardial infarction (MI) being one of its most severe manifestations. The morbidity and mortality of MI are escalating, showing an increasing trend among younger, highly educated individuals, thereby posing a serious threat to public health. Currently, thrombolysis, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting are the primary clinical treatments for MI. Although these methods significantly reduce patient mortality, complications often result in poor prognoses. Due to limitations in chemical synthetic drug research, the focus has shifted towards developing herbs based on natural substances. Natural medicines represent a novel approach for safer and more effective MI management and treatment. They can control multiple pathogenic variables by targeting various pathways and systems. This paper investigates the molecular mechanisms of MI and evaluates the application of natural products and medicinal plants in MI treatment over the past 5 years, demonstrating their specific good therapeutic potential and superior tolerance. These natural therapies have been shown to mitigate myocardial cell damage caused by MI through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, myocardial fibrosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitophagy, and pyroptosis. This review offers the latest insights into the application of natural products and medicinal plants in MI treatment, elucidating their mechanisms of action and serving as an important reference for MI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xianyang Polytechnic Institute, Xianyang, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caixia Ni
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Pan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Deng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Banerjee A, Farci P. Fibrosis and Hepatocarcinogenesis: Role of Gene-Environment Interactions in Liver Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8641. [PMID: 39201329 PMCID: PMC11354981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is a complex organ that performs vital functions in the body. Despite its extraordinary regenerative capacity compared to other organs, exposure to chemical, infectious, metabolic and immunologic insults and toxins renders the liver vulnerable to inflammation, degeneration and fibrosis. Abnormal wound healing response mediated by aberrant signaling pathways causes chronic activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Fibrosis plays a key role in liver carcinogenesis. Once thought to be irreversible, recent clinical studies show that hepatic fibrosis can be reversed, even in the advanced stage. Experimental evidence shows that removal of the insult or injury can inactivate HSCs and reduce the inflammatory response, eventually leading to activation of fibrolysis and degradation of ECM. Thus, it is critical to understand the role of gene-environment interactions in the context of liver fibrosis progression and regression in order to identify specific therapeutic targets for optimized treatment to induce fibrosis regression, prevent HCC development and, ultimately, improve the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Banerjee
- Department of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Patrizia Farci
- Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kim HY, Jang HJ, Muthamil S, Shin UC, Lyu JH, Kim SW, Go Y, Park SH, Lee HG, Park JH. Novel insights into regulators and functional modulators of adipogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117073. [PMID: 38981239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a process that differentiates new adipocytes from precursor cells and is tightly regulated by several factors, including many transcription factors and various post-translational modifications. Recently, new roles of adipogenesis have been suggested in various diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional modulation of these adipogenic genes remain poorly understood. This review summarizes the regulatory factors and modulators of adipogenesis and discusses future research directions to identify novel mechanisms regulating adipogenesis and the effects of adipogenic regulators in pathological conditions. The master adipogenic transcriptional factors PPARγ and C/EBPα were identified along with other crucial regulatory factors such as SREBP, Kroxs, STAT5, Wnt, FOXO1, SWI/SNF, KLFs, and PARPs. These transcriptional factors regulate adipogenesis through specific mechanisms, depending on the adipogenic stage. However, further studies related to the in vivo role of newly discovered adipogenic regulators and their function in various diseases are needed to develop new potent therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yong Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 123, Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Subramanian Muthamil
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ung Cheol Shin
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyo Lyu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Wook Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine (KM)-application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic and Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), KIOM campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Baky NAA, Fouad LM, Ahmed KA, Alzokaky AA. Mechanistic insight into the hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract and telmisartan against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis: plausible roles of TGF-β1/SMAD3/SMAD7 and HDAC2/NF-κB/PPARγ pathways. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38835191 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2358066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence and limited therapeutic options for liver fibrosis necessitates more medical attention. Our study aims to investigate the potential molecular targets by which Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract (Mor) and/or telmisartan (Telm) alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4 (1 ml/kg) every 72 hours, for 8 weeks. Intoxicated rats with CCl4 were simultaneously orally administrated Mor (400 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) and/or Telm (10 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks). Treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities compared to CCl4 intoxicated group (P < 0.001). Additionally, Mor/Telm treatment significantly reduced the level of hepatic inflammatory, profibrotic, and apoptotic markers including; nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-βeta1 (TGF-β1), and caspase-3. Interestingly, co-treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm downregulated m-RNA expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) (71.8%), and reduced protein expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (p-SMAD3) (70.6%) compared to untreated animals. Mor/Telm regimen also elevated p-SMAD7 protein expression as well as m-RNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (3.6 and 3.1 fold, respectively p < 0.05) compared to CCl4 intoxicated group. Histopathological picture of the liver tissue intoxicated with CCl4 revealed marked improvement by Mor/Telm co-treatment. Conclusively, this study substantiated the hepatoprotective effect of Mor/Telm regimen against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through suppression of TGF-β1/SMAD3, and HDAC2/NF-κB signaling pathways and up-regulation of SMAD7 and PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Alzokaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
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10
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Lan T, Li P, Zhang SJ, Liu SY, Zeng XX, Chai F, Tong YH, Mao ZJ, Wang SW. Paeoniflorin promotes PPARγ expression to suppress HSCs activation by inhibiting EZH2-mediated histone H3K27 trimethylation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155477. [PMID: 38489890 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alleviating effect of paeoniflorin (Pae) on liver fibrosis has been established; however, the molecular mechanism and specific target(s) underlying this effect remain elusive. PURPOSE This study was to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of Pae on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation in liver fibrosis, with a specific focus on the role of Pae in modulating histone methylation modifications. METHODS The therapeutic effect of Pae was evaluated by establishing in vivo and in vitro models of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mice and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced LX-2 cells, respectively. Molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative real time PCR (ChIP-qPCR) and other molecular biological methods were used to clarify the molecular mechanism of Pae regulating HSCs activation. RESULTS Our study found that Pae inhibited HSCs activation and histone trimethylation modification in liver of CCl4-induced mice and LX-2 cells. We demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of Pae on the activation of HSCs was dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Mechanistically, Pae directly binded to EZH2 to effectively suppress its enzymatic activity. This attenuation leaded to the suppression of histone H3K27 trimethylation in the PPARγ promoter region, which induced upregulation of PPARγ expression. CONCLUSION This investigative not only sheds new light on the precise targets that underlie the remission of hepatic fibrogenesis induced by Pae but also emphasizes the critical significance of EZH2-mediated H3K27 trimethylation in driving the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Laboratory Animal Resources Center, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, No. 100 Minjiang Road, Quzhou 324000, China; Panvascular Diseases Research Center, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Ping Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shi-Yu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xi-Xi Zeng
- Panvascular Diseases Research Center, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Fang Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu-Hua Tong
- Panvascular Diseases Research Center, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Si-Wei Wang
- Laboratory Animal Resources Center, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, No. 100 Minjiang Road, Quzhou 324000, China; Panvascular Diseases Research Center, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China.
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11
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Zhang W, Wu H, Luo S, Lu X, Tan X, Wen L, Ma X, Efferth T. Molecular insights into experimental models and therapeutics for cholestasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116594. [PMID: 38615607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is a range of conditions caused by the accumulation of bile acids (BAs) or disruptions in bile flow, which can harm the liver and bile ducts. To investigate its pathogenesis and treatment, it is essential to establish and assess experimental models of cholestasis, which have significant clinical value. However, owing to the complex pathogenesis of cholestasis, a single modelling method can merely reflect one or a few pathological mechanisms, and each method has its adaptability and limitations. We summarize the existing experimental models of cholestasis, including animal models, gene-knockout models, cell models, and organoid models. We also describe the main types of cholestatic disease simulated clinically. This review provides an overview of targeted therapy used for treating cholestasis based on the current research status of cholestasis models. In addition, we discuss the respective advantages and disadvantages of different models of cholestasis to help establish experimental models that resemble clinical disease conditions. In sum, this review not only outlines the current research with cholestasis models but also projects prospects for clinical treatment, thereby bridging basic research and practical therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hefei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiman Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Singh K, Kumar P, Singh AK, Singh N, Singh S, Tiwari KN, Agrawal S, Das R, Singh A, Ram B, Tripathi AK, Mishra SK. In silico and network pharmacology analysis of fucosterol: a potent anticancer bioactive compound against HCC. Med Oncol 2024; 41:130. [PMID: 38676780 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The Fucaceae family of marine brown algae includes Ascophyllum nodosum. Fucosterol (FSL) is a unique bioactive component that was identified through GC-MS analysis of the hydroalcoholic extract of A. nodosum. Fucosterol's mechanism of action towards hepatocellular cancer was clarified using network pharmacology and docking study techniques. The probable target gene of FSL has been predicted using the TargetNet and SwissTargetPred databases. GeneCards and the DisGNet database were used to check the targeted genes of FSL. By using the web programme Venny 2.1, the overlaps of FSL and HCC disease demonstrated that 18 genes (1.3%) were obtained as targeted genes Via the STRING database, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with 18 common target genes was constructed. With the aid of CytoNCA, hub genes were screened using the Cytoscape software, and the targets' hub genes were exported into the ShinyGo online tool for study of KEGG and gene ontology enrichment. Using the software AutoDock, a hub gene molecular docking study was performed. Ten genes, including AR, CYP19A1, ESR1, ESR2, TNF, PPARA, PPARG, HMGCR, SRC, and IGF1R, were obtained. The 10 targeted hubs docked with FSL successfully. The active components FSL of ASD, the FSL, are engaged in fatty liver disease, cancer pathways, and other signalling pathways, which could prove beneficial for the management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Nancy Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Shreni Agrawal
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidhyapith, Tonk, Rajsthan, India
| | - Richa Das
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidhyapith, Tonk, Rajsthan, India
| | - Anuradha Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhuwal Ram
- Department of Dravyaguna, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tripathi
- School of Basic and Applied Science, Galgotias University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 203201, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
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Zhang L, Ma Z, Zhang X, Wang J, Tian W, Ren Y, Liu Y, Wang T, Li Y, Liu Y, Shen W, Li T, Liu J, Ma J, Zhang X, Yang S, Wang H. Butyrate alleviates alcoholic liver disease-associated inflammation through macrophage regulation and polarization via the HDAC1/miR-155 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111852. [PMID: 38492338 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently found that butyrate could ameliorate inflammation of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in mice. However, the exact mechanism remains incompletely comprehended. Here, we examined the role of butyrate on ALD-associated inflammation through macrophage (Mψ) regulation and polarization using in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS For in vivo experiments, C57BL/6J mice were fed modified Lieber-DeCarli liquid diets supplemented with or without ethanol and sodium butyrate (NaB). After 6 weeks of treatment, mice were euthanized and associated indicators were analyzed. For in vitro experiments, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory murine RAW264.7 cells were treated with NaB or miR-155 inhibitor/mimic to verify the anti-inflammatory effect and underlying mechanism. RESULTS The administration of NaB alleviated pathological damage and associated inflammation, including LPS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β levels in ALD mice. NaB intervention restored the imbalance of macrophage polarization by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and elevating arginase-1 (Arg-1). Moreover, NaB reduced histone deacetylase-1 (HDAC1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), and miR-155 expression in ALD mice, but also increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Thus, MiR-155 was identified as a strong regulator of ALD. To further penetrate the role of miR-155, LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with NaB were treated with the specific inhibitor or mimic. Intriguingly, miR-155 was capable of negatively regulated inflammation with NaB intervention by targeting SOCS1, SHIP1, and IRAK-M genes. CONCLUSION Butyrate suppresses the inflammation in mice with ALD by regulating macrophage polarization via the HDAC1/miR-155 axis, which may potentially contribute to the novel therapeutic treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Jing Wang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Wenyan Tian
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Yi Ren
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Wenke Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Ting Li
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Jian Liu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Junbai Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China.
| | - Shaoqi Yang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China.
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14
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Merenda T, Juszczak F, Ferier E, Duez P, Patris S, Declèves AÉ, Nachtergael A. Natural compounds proposed for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:24. [PMID: 38556609 PMCID: PMC10982245 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents as an intricate condition characterized by a growing prevalence, the often-recommended lifestyle interventions mostly lack high-level evidence of efficacy and there are currently no effective drugs proposed for this indication. The present review delves into NAFLD pathology, its diverse underlying physiopathological mechanisms and the available in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence regarding the use of natural compounds for its management, through three pivotal targets (oxidative stress, cellular inflammation, and insulin resistance). The promising perspectives that natural compounds offer for NAFLD management underscore the need for additional clinical and lifestyle intervention trials. Encouraging further research will contribute to establishing more robust evidence and practical recommendations tailored to patients with varying NAFLD grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théodora Merenda
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Florian Juszczak
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Ferier
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Patris
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Anne-Émilie Declèves
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Amandine Nachtergael
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium.
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15
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Baghcheghi Y, Beheshti F, Seyedi F, Hedayati-Moghadam M, Askarpour H, Kheirkhah A, Golkar A, Dalfardi M, Hosseini M. The effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on liver function in hypothyroid rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:123-130. [PMID: 38253264 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effect of rosiglitazone (ROG) and pioglitazone (POG) on oxidative damage and dysfunction of hepatic tissue in hypothyroid rats. METHODS The male rats were classified into six groups: (1) Control; (2) Hypothyroid, (3) Hypothyroid-POG 10, (4) Hypothyroid-POG 20, (5) Hypothyroid-ROG 2, and (6) Hypothyroid-ROG 4. To induction hypothyroidism in rats, propylthiouracil (PTU) (0.05 %w/v) was added to drinking water. In groups 2-6, besides PTU, the rats were also intraperitoneal administrated with 10 or 20 mg/kg POG or 2 or 4 mg/kg ROG for six weeks. Finally, after deep anesthesia, the blood was collected to measure the serum biochemical markers and hepatic tissue was separated for biochemical oxidative stress markers. RESULTS Administration of PTU significantly reduced serum thyroxin concentration, total thiol levels, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Additionally, our results showed that prescription of POG or ROG for six weeks to hypothyroid rats resulted in an improvement in liver dysfunction (decrease in serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALK-P) through reducing oxidative damage in hepatic tissue (increase in CAT, SOD, or total thiols and decrease in MDA levels). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study presented that the IP administration of POG and ROG for six weeks improves liver dysfunction induced by hypothyroidism in juvenile rats by reducing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Baghcheghi
- Bio Environmental Health Hazards Research Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Seyedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Hedayati-Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Hedyeh Askarpour
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Kheirkhah
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Ahmad Golkar
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dalfardi
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Zhao Y, Tan H, Zhang X, Zhu J. Roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18042. [PMID: 37987033 PMCID: PMC10902579 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main pathological type of liver cancer, is linked to risk factors such as viral hepatitis, alcohol intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding that NAFLD is playing a major risk factor for HCC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of transcription factors divided into three subtypes: PPARα (PPARA), PPARδ/β (PPARD) and PPARγ (PPARG). As important nuclear receptors, PPARs are involved in many physiological processes, and PPARs can improve NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism, accelerating fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting inflammation. In recent years, some studies have shown that PPARs can participate in the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating metabolic pathways. In addition, PPAR modulators have been reported to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells and can enhance the curative effect of conventional treatments. This article reviews the role of PPARs in the occurrence and development of HCC, as well as its value in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of HCC, in order to provide directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease Laboratory, Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityHuai'anChina
| | - Jing Zhu
- Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjingChina
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17
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Shi Q, Zeng Y, Xue C, Chu Q, Yuan X, Li L. Development of a promising PPAR signaling pathway-related prognostic prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4926. [PMID: 38418897 PMCID: PMC10902383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in systemic cell metabolism, energy homeostasis and immune response inhibition. However, its significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well documented. In our study, based on the RNA sequencing data of HCC, consensus clustering analyses were performed to identify PPAR signaling pathway-related molecular subtypes, each of which displaying varying survival probabilities and immune infiltration status. Following, a prognostic prediction model of HCC was developed by using the random survival forest method and Cox regression analysis. Significant difference in survival outcome, immune landscape, drug sensitivity and pathological features were observed between patients with different prognosis. Additionally, decision tree and nomogram models were adopted to optimize the prognostic prediction model. Furthermore, the robustness of the model was verified through single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Collectively, this study systematically elucidated that the PPAR signaling pathway-related prognostic model has good predictive efficacy for patients with HCC. These findings provide valuable insights for further research on personalized treatment approaches for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
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18
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Liu R, Shang W, Liu Y, Xie Y, Luan J, Zhang T, Ma Y, Wang Z, Sun Y, Song X, Han F. Inhibition of the ILK-AKT pathway by upregulation of PARVB contributes to the cochlear cell death in Fascin2 gene knockout mice. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:89. [PMID: 38374196 PMCID: PMC10876960 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Fscn2 (Fascin2) gene encodes an actin cross-linking protein that is involved in the formation of hair cell stereocilia and retina structure. Mutations in Fscn2 gene have been linked to hearing impairment and retinal degeneration in humans and mice. To understand the function of the Fscn2 gene, we generated the Fscn2 knockout mice, which showed progressive loss of hearing and hair cells. Our goal of the present study was to investigate the mechanism underlying cochlear cell death in the Fscn2 knockout mice. Microarray analysis revealed upregulation of expression of PARVB, a local adhesion protein, in the inner ears of Fscn2 knockout mice at 8 weeks of age. Further studies showed increased levels of PARVB together with cleaved-Caspase9 and decreased levels of ILK, p-ILK, p-AKT, and Bcl-2 in the inner ears of Fscn2 knockout mice of the same age. Knockdown of Fscn2 in HEI-OCI cells led to decreased cell proliferation ability and migration rate, along with increased levels of PARVB and decreased levels of ILK, p-ILK, p-AKT, Bcl-2 and activated Rac1 and Cdc42. Overexpression of Fscn2 or inhibition of Parvb expression in HEI-OC1 cells promoted cell proliferation and migration, with increased levels of ILK, p-ILK, p-AKT, and Bcl-2. Finally, FSCN2 binds with PPAR-γ to reduce its nuclear translocation in HEI-OC1 cells, and inhibition of PPAR-γ by GW9662 decreased the level of PARVB and increased the levels of p-AKT, p-ILK, and Bcl-2. Our results suggest that FSCN2 negatively regulates PARVB expression by inhibiting the entry of PPAR-γ into the cell nucleus, resulting in inhibition of ILK-AKT related pathways and of cochlear cell survival in Fscn2 knockout mice. Our findings provide new insights and ideas for the prevention and treatment of genetic hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, PR China
| | - Wenjing Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jun Luan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zengxian Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Siyuan University, 28 Shui An Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, PR China.
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, PR China.
| | - Fengchan Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Siyuan University, 28 Shui An Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Wang R, Gu M, Zhang Y, Zhong Q, Chen L, Li D, Xie Z. Long-term drinking of green tea combined with exercise improves hepatic steatosis and obesity in male mice induced by high-fat diet. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:776-785. [PMID: 38370081 PMCID: PMC10867457 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits and exercise play an important role in the well-being of human health. Currently, how long of drinking tea combined with exercise could efficiently ameliorate hepatic steatosis and obesity still needs to be investigated. Here, short-term and long-term green tea drinking combined with exercise were studied to improve hepatic steatosis and obesity in high-fat diet-induced (HF) mice. Our results showed that Yunkang 10 green tea (GT) combined with exercise (Ex) exhibited synergistic prevention effects on ameliorating hepatic steatosis and obesity. Especially, 22-week intervention with GT or Ex improved all symptoms of obesity, which indicated that long-term intervention exhibited profound preventive effects than the short term. Moreover, the combined intervention of 22 weeks inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which suggests that tea combined exercise may improve liver steatosis mainly by inhibiting inflammation. The key molecules for regulating lipid and glucose metabolism SCD1 were obviously downregulated, and GLU2 and PPARγ were significantly upregulated by GT and exercise in the liver of high-fat diet-induced mice. This study demonstrated that long-term intervention with GT and exercise effectively relieved hepatic steatosis and obesity complications by ameliorating hepatic inflammation, reducing lipid synthesis, and accelerating glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Mingxing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yanzhong Zhang
- Department of Sports SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Qinglin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Linbo Chen
- Tea Research InstituteYunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
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Liu T, Wang J, Tong Y, Wu L, Xie Y, He P, Lin S, Hu X. Integrating network pharmacology and animal experimental validation to investigate the action mechanism of oleanolic acid in obesity. J Transl Med 2024; 22:86. [PMID: 38246999 PMCID: PMC10802007 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, a condition associated with the development of widespread cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and other health complications, has emerged as a significant global health issue. Oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that is widely distributed in various natural plants, has demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. However, the mechanism by which OA fights obesity has not been well studied. METHOD Network pharmacology was utilized to search for potential targets and pathways of OA against obesity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to validate the interaction of OA with core targets, and an animal model of obesity induced by high-fat eating was then employed to confirm the most central of these targets. RESULTS The network pharmacology study thoroughly examined 42 important OA targets for the treatment of obesity. The key biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), and molecular functions (MF) of OA for anti-obesity were identified using GO enrichment analysis, including intracellular receptor signaling, intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling, chromatin, nucleoplasm, receptor complex, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and RNA polymerase II transcription Factor Activity. The KEGG/DAVID database enrichment study found that metabolic pathways, PPAR signaling pathways, cancer pathways/PPAR signaling pathways, insulin resistance, and ovarian steroidogenesis all play essential roles in the treatment of obesity and OA. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to screen nine main targets: PPARG, PPARA, MAPK3, NR3C1, PTGS2, CYP19A1, CNR1, HSD11B1, and AGTR1. Using molecular docking technology, the possible binding mechanism and degree of binding between OA and each important target were validated, demonstrating that OA has a good binding potential with each target. The molecular dynamics simulation's Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), and Radius of Gyration (Rg) further demonstrated that OA has strong binding stability with each target. Additional animal studies confirmed the significance of the core target PPARG and the core pathway PPAR signaling pathway in OA anti-obesity. CONCLUSION Overall, our study utilized a multifaceted approach to investigate the value and mechanisms of OA in treating obesity, thereby providing a novel foundation for the identification and development of natural drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lele Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujue Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuguang Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Wu S, Dai H, Bai X, Wu Z, Wang X, Xiao B. Highlights from the Top 100 Most Influential Articles Regarding the Nuclear Receptor PPAR-γ: A Bibliometric Analysis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1303-1314. [PMID: 38317461 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303265935231114073638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PPAR-γ is one of three members of the PPAR group of the nuclear receptor superfamily and plays an important regulatory role as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the top 100 most influential articles in the field of PPAR-γ. We hypothesized that a bibliometric and scientometric analysis of the PPAR-γ research field could render trends that provide researchers and funding agencies valuable insight into the history of the field, and potential future directions. METHODS A literature search of publications was carried out using the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus database based on specific subject words on September 11, 2023. Articles were listed in descending order of the number of citations. Statistical analysis was performed on the data of the top 100 cited articles in terms of year of publication, journal, research direction, institution, author, and country. Meanwhile, co-authorship networks and co-citation networks were constructed by using VOSviewer software, and keywords were analyzed for co-occurrence. RESULTS A total of 9,456 articles regarding PPAR-γ were identified and analyzed based on the WOS database, and the top 100 cited articles in the field of PPAR-γ were ranked by citation. The most cited article was published in 1998, with 2,571 citations and a density of 102.80 citations/ year. Of the 100 articles, Harvard University was the institution with the highest number of articles published. Spiegelman, B. M. was the author with the highest number of articles published. Using the VOSviewer software, we found that the most used keywords were geneexpression, activated receptor-gamma, and adipocyte differentiation. PPAR-γ, one of the most widely studied transcription factors, is an important drug target for many diseases. Therefore, screening for small molecule compounds targeting PPAR-γ remains of great value. CONCLUSION The present study identified the top 100 most influential articles in the field of PPAR-γ, which help global researchers to better understand research perspectives and develop future research directions of PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wu
- General Clinical Research Center, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Haijiao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
| | - Xianxiang Bai
- General Clinical Research Center, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ordos Institute of Technology, 017000, Ordos, China
| | - Xianglei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ordos Institute of Technology, 017000, Ordos, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- General Clinical Research Center, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos 017000, China
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Yu Q, Koda S, Xu N, Li J, Wang JL, Liu M, Liu JX, Zhang Y, Yang HM, Zhang BB, Li XY, Li XC, Tang RX, Zheng KY, Yan C. CsHscB Derived from a Liver Fluke Clonorchis sinensis Ameliorates Cholestatic Hepatic Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Sclerosing Cholangitis. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:505-515. [PMID: 37076961 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230418111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammatory fibrosis usually involving the whole biliary tree. However, there are very limited treatment options to treat this disease. Our previous study found a lipid-protein rCsHscB from a liver fluke - Clonorchis sinensis, which had full capacities of immune regulation. Therefore, we investigated the role of rCsHscB in a mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis induced by xenobiotic 3,5- diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) to explore whether this protein had potential therapeutic value for PSC. METHODS Mice were fed 0.1% DDC for 4 weeks and treated with CsHscB (30 μg/mouse, intraperitoneal injection, once every 3 days); the control group was given an equal amount of PBS or CsHscB under normal diet conditions. All the mice were sacrificed at 4 weeks for the evaluation of biliary proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammation. RESULTS rCsHscB treatment attenuated DDC-induced liver congestion and enlargement and significantly decreased the upregulation of serum AST and ALT levels. The administration of rCsHscB to DDC-fed mice significantly decreased cholangiocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production compared to mice fed with DDC alone. Also, rCsHscB treatment showed a decreased expression of α-SMA in the liver and other markers of liver fibrosis (Masson staining, Hydroxyproline content, and collagen deposit). More interestingly, DDC-fed mice treated with rCsHscB showed a significant up-regulation of PPAR-γ expression, which was similar to control mice, indicating the involvement of PPAR-γ signaling in the protective action of rCsHscB. CONCLUSION Overall, our data show that rCsHscB attenuates the progression of cholestatic fibrosis induced by DDC and supports the potential for manipulating the parasite-derived molecule to treat certain immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ling Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xin Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cui Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
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Cheng P, Wei H, Chen H, Wang Z, Mao P, Zhang H. DNMT3a-mediated methylation of PPARγ promote intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating the NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18048. [PMID: 37986543 PMCID: PMC10826446 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common chronic musculoskeletal disease that causes chronic low back pain and imposes an immense financial strain on patients. The pathological mechanisms underlying IVDD have not been fully elucidated. The development of IVDD is closely associated with abnormal epigenetic changes, suggesting that IVDD progression may be controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the role of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a)-mediated methylation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibition, in IVDD development. The expression of DNMT3a and PPARγ in early and late IVDD of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry and western blotting analyses. Cellularly, DNMT3a inhibition significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in rat NP cells. Pretreatment with T0070907, a specific inhibitor of PPARγ, significantly reversed the anti-apoptotic and ECM degradation effects of DNMT3a inhibition. Mechanistically, DNMT3a modified PPARγ promoter hypermethylation to activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. DNMT3a inhibition alleviated IVDD progression. Conclusively, the results of this study show that DNMT3a activates the NF-κB pathway by modifying PPARγ promoter hypermethylation to promote apoptosis and ECM degradation. Therefore, we believe that the ability of DNMT3a to mediate the PPARγ/NF-κB axis may provide new ideas for the potential pathogenesis of IVDD and may become an attractive target for the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Department of Emergency MedicineLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuPR China
- Department of OrthopedicsLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansu ProvincePR China
| | - Hang‐Zhi Wei
- Department of Department of General SurgeryLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuPR China
| | - Hai‐Wei Chen
- Department of Emergency MedicineLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuPR China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Wang
- Department of Emergency MedicineLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansuPR China
| | - Peng Mao
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuPR China
| | - Hai‐Hong Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansu ProvincePR China
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24
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Changizi Z, Kajbaf F, Moslehi A. An Overview of the Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors in Liver Diseases. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1542-1552. [PMID: 38161499 PMCID: PMC10752810 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a superfamily of nuclear transcription receptors, consisting of PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ, which are highly expressed in the liver. They control and modulate the expression of a large number of genes involved in metabolism and energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and even apoptosis in the liver. Therefore, they have critical roles in the pathophysiology of hepatic diseases. This review provides a general insight into the role of PPARs in liver diseases and some of their agonists in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Changizi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Forough Kajbaf
- Veterinary Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Azam Moslehi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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25
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Medina Pizaño MY, Loera Arias MDJ, Montes de Oca Luna R, Saucedo Cárdenas O, Ventura Juárez J, Muñoz Ortega MH. Neuroimmunomodulation of adrenoblockers during liver cirrhosis: modulation of hepatic stellate cell activity. Ann Med 2023; 55:543-557. [PMID: 36826975 PMCID: PMC9970206 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2164047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system and the immune system are responsible for producing neurotransmitters and cytokines that interact by binding to receptors; due to this, there is communication between these systems. Liver immune cells and nerve fibres are systematically distributed in the liver, and the partial overlap of both patterns may favour interactions between certain elements. Dendritic cells are attached to fibroblasts, and nerve fibres are connected via the dendritic cell-fibroblast complex. Receptors for most neuroactive substances, such as catecholamines, have been discovered on dendritic cells. The sympathetic nervous system regulates hepatic fibrosis through sympathetic fibres and adrenaline from the adrenal glands through the blood. When there is liver damage, the sympathetic nervous system is activated locally and systemically through proinflammatory cytokines that induce the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters bind to cells through α-adrenergic receptors, triggering a cellular response that secretes inflammatory factors that stimulate and activate hepatic stellate cells. Hepatic stellate cells are key in the fibrotic process. They initiate the overproduction of extracellular matrix components in an active state that progresses from fibrosis to liver cirrhosis. It has also been shown that they can be directly activated by norepinephrine. Alpha and beta adrenoblockers, such as carvedilol, prazosin, and doxazosin, have recently been used to reverse CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis in rodent and murine models.KEY MESSAGESNeurotransmitters from the sympathetic nervous system activate and increase the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells.Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis treatment might depend on neurotransmitter and hepatic nervous system regulation.Strategies to reduce hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis are based on experimentation with α-adrenoblockers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Odila Saucedo Cárdenas
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Javier Ventura Juárez
- Department of Morphology, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
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Chae HS, Cantrell CL, Khan IA, Jarret RL, Khan SI. Capsiate-Rich Fraction of Capsicum annuum Induces Muscular Glucose Uptake, Ameliorates Rosiglitazone-Induced Adipogenesis, and Exhibits Activation of NRs Regulating Multiple Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18395-18404. [PMID: 37972244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Capsiate is a key ingredient in the fruits of a nonpungent cultivar of Capsicum annuum. We investigated the effects of a C. annuum extract (CE) and a capsiate-rich fraction of CE (CR) on nuclear receptors involved in multiple signaling pathways, glucose uptake, and adipogenesis in comparison to pure capsiate (Ca). Similar to the effect of Ca (100 μM), CE (500 μg/mL) and CR (100 μg/mL) caused the activation of PPARα and PPARγ (>3-fold), while CR also activated LXR and NRF2 (>2 fold). CR (200 μg/mL) and Ca (100 μM) decreased lipid accumulation (22.6 ± 14.1 and 49.7 ± 7.3%, respectively) in adipocytes and increased glucose uptake (44.7 ± 6.2 and 30.1 ± 12.2%, respectively) in muscle cells and inhibited the adipogenic effect induced by rosiglitazone by 41.2 ± 5.6 and 13.9 ± 4.3%, respectively. This is the first report to reveal the agonistic action of CR and Ca on multiple nuclear receptors along with their enhanced glucose uptake and antiadipogenic effects. The results indicate the potential utility of the capsiate-rich fraction of C. annuum in alleviating the symptoms of metabolic syndrome and in preventing the undesired adipogenic effects of full PPARγ agonists such as rosiglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Charles L Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Robert L Jarret
- Plant Genetic Resources Unit, USDA-ARS, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223, United States
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Aryan, Babu B, Divakar S, Gowramma B, Jupudi S, Chand J, Malakar Kumar V. Rational design of thiazolidine-4-one-gallic acid hybrid derivatives as selective partial PPARγ modulators: an in-silico approach for type 2 diabetes treatment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37997952 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a bipolar metabolic disorder characterized by abnormalities in insulin production from β-cells and insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones are potent anti-diabetic agents that act through the modulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor. However, their full agonistic activity leads to severe side effects by stabilizing Helix12 through strong hydrogen bonding with the TYR473 residue. Partial and selective PPARγ modulators (GW0072, GQ16, VSP-51, MRL-20, MBX-213, INT131) have demonstrated superior results compared to full agonists without causing adverse effects, as reported in existing data. To address this uncertainty and advance therapeutic options, we identified and designed a novel class of compounds (A1-A23) based on a hybrid structure combining phenolic and Thiazolidine-4-one's moieties. Our rational drug design strategy incorporated structural-activity relationship principle, and validated the docking studies through calculated the root mean square deviation. Additionally, we conducted molecular docking, binding energy, molecular dynamics simulations, and post-molecular dynamics calculations to evaluate the dynamics behavior between the ligands and protein. The selected ligands demonstrated highly favorable docking scores and binding energies, comparable to the co-crystal (rosiglitazone) such as A12 (-13.9 kcal/mol and -86.2 kcal/mol), A1 (-11.1 kcal/mol and -79.5 kcal/mol), A13 (-11.3 kcal/mol and -91.4 kcal/mol), and the co-crystal itself (-9.8 kcal/mol and -76 kcal/mol), respectively. Finally, the MD revealed that, the selected ligands were equally contributed for stabilization of Helix12 and β-sheets. It was concluded, the designed ligands (A12, A1, and A13) exhibited weaker hydrogen-bond interactions with specific residue TYR473 which partially modulated the PPARγ protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Divakar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Gowramma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srikanth Jupudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jagdish Chand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Malakar Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jouve M, Carpentier R, Kraiem S, Legrand N, Sobolewski C. MiRNAs in Alcohol-Related Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Step toward New Therapeutic Approaches? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5557. [PMID: 38067261 PMCID: PMC10705678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related Liver Disease (ALD) is the primary cause of chronic liver disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in developed countries and thus represents a major public health concern. Unfortunately, few therapeutic options are available for ALD and HCC, except liver transplantation or tumor resection for HCC. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of these diseases is therefore of major importance to identify early biomarkers and to design efficient therapeutic options. Increasing evidence indicate that epigenetic alterations play a central role in the development of ALD and HCC. Among them, microRNA importantly contribute to the development of this disease by controlling the expression of several genes involved in hepatic metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis at the post-transcriptional level. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about miRNAs' functions in the different stages of ALD and their role in the progression toward carcinogenesis. We highlight that each stage of ALD is associated with deregulated miRNAs involved in hepatic carcinogenesis, and thus represent HCC-priming miRNAs. By using in silico approaches, we have uncovered new miRNAs potentially involved in HCC. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting miRNAs for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Jouve
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rodolphe Carpentier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sarra Kraiem
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Noémie Legrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
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Saliani N, Montasser Kouhsari S, Izad M. The Potential Hepatoprotective Effect of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. Fruit Extract in Diabetic Rat. CELL JOURNAL 2023; 25:717-726. [PMID: 37865880 PMCID: PMC10591264 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2004742.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccinium arctostaphylos has traditionally been employed in Iranian folk medicine to treat diabetes. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its antidiabetic properties remain incompletely understood. The current experiment intended to explore the modulatory effects of V. arctostaphylos fruit ethanolic extract (VAE) on biochemical and molecular events in the livers of diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: normal control, normal rats with VAE treatment, diabetic control, and diabetic rats with VAE treatment. Following 42 days of treatment, the impact of VAE on diabetes-induced rats was assessed by measuring various serum biochemical parameters, including insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adiponectin levels. The activities of hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and glycogen content were determined. Additionally, expression levels of selected genes implicated in carbohydrate/lipid metabolism and miR-27b expression were evaluated. H and E-stained liver sections were prepared for light microscopy examination. RESULTS Treatment with VAE elevated levels of insulin and adiponectin that reduced levels of FFA, ROS, and TNF-α in the serum of diabetic rats. VAE-treated rats exhibited increased activities of hepatic glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glycogen concentrations, in conjunction with decreased activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). Furthermore, VAE significantly upregulated the transcription levels of hepatic insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) and glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), while considerably downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (Srebp1c). VAE remarkably enhanced the expression of miR27-b in the hepatic tissues of diabetic rats. Abnormal histological signs were dramatically normalized in diabetic rats receiving VAE compared to those in the diabetic control group. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of V. arctostaphylos and assist in better comprehension of its antidiabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Saliani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shideh Montasser Kouhsari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Izad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Qi J, Li L, Yan X, Hua W, Zhou Z. Sappanone A Alleviates the Severity of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1718. [PMID: 37760020 PMCID: PMC10526100 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major challenge to global health because of its various complications, including cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma, while no effective treatment is available for it. Sappanone A (SA) is a homoisoflavonoid extracted from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the effects of SA on hepatic fibrosis remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of SA on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. To establish a liver fibrosis model, mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with CCl4 for 4 weeks. SA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight) was i.p. injected every other day during the same period. Our data indicated that SA decreased liver injury, fibrotic responses, and inflammation due to CCl4 exposure. Consistently, SA reduced oxidative stress and its-mediated hepatocyte death in fibrotic livers. Of note, SA could not directly affect the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Mechanistically, SA treatment lessened oxidative stress-triggered cell death in hepatocytes after CCl4 exposure. SA down-regulated the expression of M1 macrophage polarization markers (CD86 and iNOS) and up-regulated the expression of M2 macrophage polarization markers (CD163, IL-10, and Arg1) in livers and macrophages. Meanwhile, SA induced the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). However, decreased inflammatory responses and the trend of M2 macrophage polarization provided by SA were substantially abolished by SR202 (a PPARγ inhibitor) treatment in macrophages. Additionally, SA treatment promoted fibrosis regression. Taken together, our findings revealed that treatment with SA alleviated CCl4-induced fibrotic liver in mice through suppression of oxidative stress-mediated hepatocyte death and promotion of M2 macrophage polarization via PPARγ. Thus, SA might pave the way for a new hepatoprotective agent to treat liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350122, China;
| | - Lanqian Li
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.L.); (W.H.)
| | - Xueqing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350122, China;
| | - Wenxi Hua
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.L.); (W.H.)
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zixiong Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.L.); (W.H.)
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
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Xiang H, Xiao J, Sun Z, Liu Z, Zhang J, Xiang H, Ren H, Hu P, Peng M. The anti-fibrotic efficacy of adelmidrol depends on hepatic PPARγ levels. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115051. [PMID: 37385215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adelmidrol, an anti-inflammatory small-molecule compound, can treat inflammatory diseases like arthritis and colitis in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Effective anti-inflammatory therapy is beneficial in delaying the progression of liver fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of adelmidrol on hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 and CDAA-HFD. In the CCl4 model, adelmidrol (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the incidence of liver cirrhosis from 76.5% to 38.9%, with a reduction of ALT, AST, and extracellular matrix deposition. RNA-seq revealed adelmidrol markedly inhibited the activation of hepatic scar-associated Trem2+ macrophages and PDGFRα+ stellate cells. Adelmidrol exhibited a limited anti-fibrotic effect in CDAA-HFD-induced fibrosis. Further, inconsistencies were observed in the expression trends in liver PPARγ in both models. CCl4 injury led to the continuous decrease in hepatic PPARγ levels, adelmidrol treatment up-regulated hepatic PPARγ expression and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory factor NF-κB and pro-fibrotic factor TGF-β1. Adelmidrol also inhibited the activation of macrophages and HSCs in a PPARγ-dependent manner in vitro. GW9662, a specific PPARγ antagonist, counteracted the anti-fibrotic effect of adelmidrol. In CDAA-HFD-induced model, hepatic PPARγ expression gradually increased with the progress of modeling. Adelmidrol enhanced steatosis in hepatocytes by the activation of the PPARγ/CD36 pathway in the CDAA-HFD model and FFA-treated HepG2, showing a limited anti-fibrotic effect. GW9662 reversed the pro-steatotic effect of adelmidrol and improved fibrosis. The anti-fibrotic outcomes of adelmidrol were related to hepatic PPARγ levels, which depends on the synergistic effect of PPARγ agonism caused by adelmidrol on hepatocytes, macrophages, and HSCs in different pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyi Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Mingli Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Basta MD, Petruk S, Mazo A, Walker JL. Fibrosis-the tale of H3K27 histone methyltransferases and demethylases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1193344. [PMID: 37476157 PMCID: PMC10354294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1193344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, or excessive scarring, is characterized by the emergence of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-expressing myofibroblasts and the excessive accumulation of fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM). Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment options for fibrosis, highlighting an unmet need to identify new therapeutic targets. The acquisition of a fibrotic phenotype is associated with changes in chromatin structure, a key determinant of gene transcription activation and repression. The major repressive histone mark, H3K27me3, has been linked to dynamic changes in gene expression in fibrosis through alterations in chromatin structure. H3K27-specific homologous histone methylase (HMT) enzymes, Enhancer of zeste 1 and 2 (EZH1, EZH2), which are the alternative subunits of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and demethylase (KDM) enzymes, Ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, X chromosome (UTX), and Lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B), are responsible for regulating methylation status of H3K27me3. In this review, we explore how these key enzymes regulate chromatin structure to alter gene expression in fibrosis, highlighting them as attractive targets for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D. Basta
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Svetlana Petruk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexander Mazo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Janice L. Walker
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Soliman E, Elshazly SM, Shewaikh SM, El-Shaarawy F. Reno- and hepato-protective effect of allopurinol after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury: Crosstalk between xanthine oxidase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113868. [PMID: 37269893 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a common cause of acute kidney injury and remote liver damage is an ultimate negative outcome. Current treatments for I/R typically involve the use of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation. Xanthine oxidase (XO) and PPAR-γ contribute to renal I/R-induced oxidative stress; however, the crosstalk between the two pathways remains unexplored. In the present study, we report that XO inhibitor, allopurinol (ALP), protects kidney and liver after renal I/R by PPAR-γ activation. Rats with renal I/R showed reduced kidney and liver functions, increased XO, and decreased PPAR-γ. ALP increased PPAR-γ expression and improved liver and kidney functions. ALP also reduced inflammation and nitrosative stress indicated by reduction in TNF-α, iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite formation. Interestingly, rats co-treated with PPAR-γ inhibitor, BADGE, and ALP showed diminished beneficial effect on renal and kidney functions, inflammation, and nitrosative stress. This data suggests that downregulation of PPAR-γ contributes to nitrosative stress and inflammation in renal I/R and the use of ALP reverses this effect by increasing PPAR-γ expression. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential therapeutic value of ALP and suggests targeting XO-PPAR-γ pathway as a promising strategy for preventing I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa Mustafa Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Samar M Shewaikh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Fatma El-Shaarawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-Arish, 45511, Egypt.
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Zheng Y, Xie L, Yang D, Luo K, Li X. Small-molecule natural plants for reversing liver fibrosis based on modulation of hepatic stellate cells activation: An update. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154721. [PMID: 36870824 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis (LF) is a trauma repair process carried out by the liver in response to various acute and chronic liver injuries. Its primary pathological characteristics are excessive proliferation and improper dismissal of the extracellular matrix, and if left untreated, it will progress into cirrhosis, liver cancer, and other diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is intimately associated to the onset of LF, and it is anticipated that addressing HSCs proliferation can reverse LF. Plant-based small-molecule medications have anti-LF properties, and their mechanisms of action involve suppression of extracellular matrix abnormally accumulating as well as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. New targeting HSC agents will therefore be needed to provide a potential curative response. PURPOSE The most recent HSC routes and small molecule natural plants that target HSC described domestically and internationally in recent years were examined in this review. METHODS The data was looked up using resources including ScienceDirect, CNKI, Web of Science, and PubMed. Keyword searches for information on hepatic stellate cells included "liver fibrosis", "natural plant", "hepatic stellate cells", "adverse reaction", "toxicity", etc. RESULTS: We discovered that plant monomers can target and control various pathways to prevent the activation and proliferation of HSC and promote the apoptosis of HSC in order to achieve the anti-LF effect in this work by compiling the plant monomers that influence many common pathways of HSC in recent years. It demonstrates the wide-ranging potential of plant monomers targeting different routes to combat LF, with a view to supplying new concepts and new strategies for natural plant therapy of LF as well as research and development of novel pharmaceuticals. The investigation of kaempferol, physalin B, and other plant monomers additionally motivated researchers to focus on the structure-activity link between the main chemicals and LF. CONCLUSION The creation of novel pharmaceuticals can benefit greatly from the use of natural components. They are often harmless for people, non-target creatures, and the environment because they are found in nature, and they can be employed as the starting chemicals for the creation of novel medications. Natural plants are valuable resources for creating new medications with fresh action targets because they feature original and distinctive action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kaipei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Chae HS, Dale O, Mir TM, Ashfaq MK, Avula B, Walker LA, Khan IA, Khan SI. Juniper Berries Regulate Diabetes and Obesity Markers Through Modulating PPAR α, PPAR γ, and LXR: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects. J Med Food 2023; 26:307-318. [PMID: 37186895 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The berries of Juniperus communis have been traditionally used for therapeutic purposes. They have been reported to possess various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. In this study, a methanolic extract of J. communis berries (JB) was evaluated for its effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARα and PPARγ), liver X receptor (LXR), glucose uptake and lipid accumulation using various cellular systems. At a concentration of 25 μg/mL, JB caused 3.77-fold activation of PPARα, 10.90-fold activation of PPARγ, and 4.43-fold activation of LXR in hepatic cells. JB inhibited (11%) the adipogenic effect induced by rosiglitazone in adipocytes and increased glucose uptake (90%) in muscle cells. In high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice, JB at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight exhibited a 21% decrease in body weight. Fasting glucose levels in mice treated with 12.5 mg/kg of JB were significantly decreased (39%) indicating its efficacy in regulating hyperglycemia and obesity induced by HFD thus ameliorating the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. A series of energy metabolic genes, including Sirt1 (2.00-fold) and RAF1 (2.04-fold), were upregulated by JB, while rosiglitazone regulated the hepatic PPARγ only. Phytochemical analysis of JB indicated presence of a number of flavonoids and biflavonoids which seem to be responsible for the observed activity. It was concluded that JB acted as a multiple agonist of PPARα, PPARγ and LXR without the undesired effect of adipogenesis and exhibited the property of enhancing glucose uptake. The regulation of PPARα, PPARγ and LXR seems to be through Sirt1 and RAF1. In vivo results confirmed the antidiabetic and antiobesity potential of JB and indicated its utility in metabolic disorder and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Olivia Dale
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tahir M Mir
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mohammad K Ashfaq
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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Scandiffio R, Bonzano S, Cottone E, Shrestha S, Bossi S, De Marchis S, Maffei ME, Bovolin P. Beta-Caryophyllene Modifies Intracellular Lipid Composition in a Cell Model of Hepatic Steatosis by Acting through CB2 and PPAR Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076060. [PMID: 37047034 PMCID: PMC10094507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease; however, no specific pharmacological therapy has yet been approved for this condition. Plant-derived extracts can be an important source for the development of new drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of (E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP), a phytocannabinoid recently found to be beneficial against metabolic diseases, on HepG2 steatotic hepatocytes. Using a fluorescence-based lipid quantification assay and GC-MS analysis, we show that BCP is able to decrease lipid accumulation in steatotic conditions and to change the typical steatotic lipid profile by primarily reducing saturated fatty acids. By employing specific antagonists, we demonstrate that BCP action is mediated by multiple receptors: CB2 cannabinoid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and γ (PPARγ). Interestingly, BCP was able to counteract the increase in CB2 and the reduction in PPARα receptor expression observed in steatotic conditions. Moreover, through immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that CB2 receptors are mainly intracellularly localized and that BCP is internalized in HepG2 cells with a maximum peak at 2 h, suggesting a direct interaction with intracellular receptors. The results obtained with BCP in normal and steatotic hepatocytes encourage future applications in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Scandiffio
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Cottone
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Sujata Shrestha
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Bossi
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
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El-Beheiry KM, El-Sayed El-Sayad M, El-Masry TA, Elsisi AE. Combination of metformin and hesperidin mitigates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Emerging role of PPAR-γ/Nrf-2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109891. [PMID: 36812672 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is widely used as an immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic drug. However, its therapeutic application is restricted by its adverse effects, particularly hepatotoxicity. Both metformin (MET) and hesperidin (HES) have promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Therefore, the principal aim of the current study is to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of MET, HES, and their combinations on the CP-induced hepatotoxicity model. Hepatotoxicity was evoked by a single (I.P) injection of CP (200 mg/kg) on day 7. For this study, 64 albino rats were randomly categorized into eight equal groups; naïve, control vehicle, untreated CP (200 mg/kg, IP), and CP 200 groups treated with MET 200, HES 50, HES 100 or a combination of MET 200 with HES 50 and HES 100 respectively orally daily for 12 days. At the end of the study, the liver function biomarkers, oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of PPAR-γ, Nrf-2, NF-κB, Bcl-2, and caspase3 were assessed. CP significantly increased serum ALT, AST, total bilirubin, hepatic MDA, NO content, NF-κB, and TNF-α. Otherwise, albumin, hepatic GSH content, Nrf-2, and PPAR-γ expression decreased considerably compared to the control vehicle group. The combinations of MET200 with HES50 or HES100 induced pronounced hepatoprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects on CP-treated rats. The possible explanation of such hepatoprotective effects may be mediated via upregulation of Nrf-2, PPAR-γ, Bcl-2 expression, hepatic GSH content, and marked suppression of TNF-α and NF-κB expression. In conclusion, the current study showed that combining MET and HES revealed a remarkable hepatoprotective effect against CP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareman M El-Beheiry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Magda El-Sayed El-Sayad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Elsisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Tavakoli-Far B, Iranshahi S, Ghaemi F, Akbarizadeh MR, Amin AH, Abedi Kiasari B, Mohammadzadeh Shabestari A. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the modulation of hyperinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective for COVID-19 therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127358. [PMID: 36875108 PMCID: PMC9981974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the lower and upper respiratory tract in humans. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the induction of a cascade of uncontrolled inflammatory responses in the host, ultimately leading to hyperinflammation or cytokine storm. Indeed, cytokine storm is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis, directly related to the severity of the disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Considering the lack of any definitive treatment for COVID-19, targeting key inflammatory factors to regulate the inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients could be a fundamental step to developing effective therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Currently, in addition to well-defined metabolic actions, especially lipid metabolism and glucose utilization, there is growing evidence of a central role of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ in the control of inflammatory signals in various human inflammatory diseases. This makes them attractive targets for developing therapeutic approaches to control/suppress the hyperinflammatory response in patients with severe COVID-19. In this review, we (1) investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by PPARs and their ligands during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and (2) on the basis of the recent literature, highlight the importance of PPAR subtypes for the development of promising therapeutic approaches against the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahareh Tavakoli-Far
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Setare Iranshahi
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ghaemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Amir al momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ali H. Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh Shabestari
- Department of Dental Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Khorasan Covid-19 Scientific Committee, Mashhad, Iran
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Song N, Xu H, Wu S, Luo S, Xu J, Zhao Q, Wang R, Jiang X. Synergistic activation of AMPK by AdipoR1/2 agonist and inhibitor of EDPs-EBP interaction recover NAFLD through enhancing mitochondrial function in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:542-558. [PMID: 36873175 PMCID: PMC9978995 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a common hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. However, there are no effective therapy to treat this devastating disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that the generation of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) and the inhibition of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR)1/2 plays essential roles in hepatic lipid metabolism and liver fibrosis. We recently reported that the AdipoR1/2 dual agonist JT003 significantly degraded the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ameliorated liver fibrosis. However, the degradation of the ECM lead to the generation of EDPs, which could further alter liver homeostasis negatively. Thus, in this study, we successfully combined AdipoR1/2 agonist JT003 with V14, which acted as an inhibitor of EDPs-EBP interaction to overcome the defect of ECM degradation. We found that combination of JT003 and V14 possessed excellent synergistic benefits on ameliorating NASH and liver fibrosis than either alone since they compensate the shortage of each other. These effects are induced by the enhancement of the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK pathway. Furthermore, specific suppression of AMPK could block the effects of the combination of JT003 and V14 on reduced oxidative stress, increased mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. These positive results suggested that this administration of combination of AdipoR1/2 dual agonist and inhibitor of EDPs-EBP interaction can be recommended alternatively for an effective and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazi Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Hongjiao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Shuohan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Suijia Luo
- Shenzhen Turier Biotech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jingyao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511400, China
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Poor Prognostic Biomarker KIAA1522 Is Associated with Immune Infiltrates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:3538928. [PMID: 36761433 PMCID: PMC9904920 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3538928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The prognosis is poor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a tumor and cancer associated with inflammation that is common. New data showed that significant levels of KIAA1522 were expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, suggesting that KIAA1522 may be a highly useful prognostic marker for HCC. However, its biochemical processes and impacts on the immune system go deeper. Objective To verify the significance of KIAA1522 in HCC and investigate its related carcinogenic mechanisms. Methods Studies examining the relationship between KIAA1522 expression and clinical-pathologic characteristics in HCC have been checked in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of KIAA1522 in HCC. Western blot analysis was used to find the presence of the KIAA1522 protein in the tumor and paraneoplastic tissues of eight randomly chosen HCC patients. The GSVA program in R language was used to evaluate the relationship between KIAA1522 and immune cell infiltration in HCC. We searched the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database for interacting proteins connected to the expression of KIAA1522. Pathways were involved in the enrichment analysis of KIAA1522 to anticipate potential mechanisms through which KIAA1522 may affect immunological infiltration. Results Our study found that KIAA1522 was commonly elevated in HCC tumor tissues and that it also signaled a bad outcome. We found an inverse link between KIAA1522 and cytotoxic cells and an inverse relationship between KIAA1522 and Th2 cell infiltration. In STRING analysis, the top 5 coexpressed proteins of KIAA1522 were BAIAP2, NCK2, TSNAXIP1, POGK, and KLHL31. The effect of KIAA1522 on HCC may entail cell cycle alteration, an immunological response, and suppression of the PPAR signaling pathway. Conclusion High expression of KIAA1522 was linked to HCC immune cell infiltration, disease progression, and a poor prognosis.
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The Cardioprotective Effect of Corosolic Acid in the Diabetic Rats: A Possible Mechanism of the PPAR-γ Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030929. [PMID: 36770602 PMCID: PMC9919720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine whether corosolic acid could protect the myocardium of diabetic rats from damage caused by isoproterenol (ISO) and, if so, how peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) activation might contribute into this protection. Diabetes in the rats was induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and it was divided into four groups: the diabetic control group, diabetic rats treated with corosolic acid, diabetic rats treated with GW9662, and diabetic rats treated with corosolic acid plus GW9662. The study was carried out for 28 days. The diabetic control and ISO control groups showed a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and an increase in systolic arterial pressure (SAP). The rat myocardium was activated by corosolic acid treatment, which elevated PPAR-γ expression. A histopathological analysis showed a significant reduction in myocardial damage by reducing myonecrosis and edema. It was found that myocardial levels of CK-MB and LDH levels were significantly increased after treatment with corosolic acid. By decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing endogenous antioxidant levels, corosolic acid therapy showed a significant improvement over the ISO diabetic group. In conclusion, our results prove that corosolic acid can ameliorate ISO-induced acute myocardial injury in rats. Based on these results, corosolic acid seems to be a viable new target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and other diseases of a similar nature.
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Parent EE, Fowler AM. Nuclear Receptor Imaging In Vivo-Clinical and Research Advances. J Endocr Soc 2022; 7:bvac197. [PMID: 36655003 PMCID: PMC9838808 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that function in normal physiology and play important roles in diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and diabetes. Noninvasive imaging of nuclear receptors can be achieved using radiolabeled ligands and positron emission tomography (PET). This quantitative imaging approach can be viewed as an in vivo equivalent of the classic radioligand binding assay. A main clinical application of nuclear receptor imaging in oncology is to identify metastatic sites expressing nuclear receptors that are targets for approved drug therapies and are capable of binding ligands to improve treatment decision-making. Research applications of nuclear receptor imaging include novel synthetic ligand and drug development by quantifying target drug engagement with the receptor for optimal therapeutic drug dosing and for fundamental research into nuclear receptor function in cells and animal models. This mini-review provides an overview of PET imaging of nuclear receptors with a focus on radioligands for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and androgen receptor and their use in breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim E Parent
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Radiology, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Amy M Fowler
- Correspondence: Amy M. Fowler, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA.
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Li Y, Qin C, Dong L, Zhang X, Wu Z, Liu L, Yang J, Liu L. Whole grain benefit: synergistic effect of oat phenolic compounds and β-glucan on hyperlipidemia via gut microbiota in high-fat-diet mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:12686-12696. [PMID: 36398593 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01746f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has confirmed that whole grain oats are effective in regulating hyperlipidemia. However, which specific ingredient is crucial remains unclear. This study focused on which whole grain components, oat phenolic compounds (OPC) or oat β-glucan (OBG), can regulate lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The experiment unveiled that OPC and/or OBG not only reduced the body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) but also regulated serum and hepatic lipid levels in high-fat-diet (HFD) fed mice. There was no significant difference in the regulatory effects of OPC and OBG (p > 0.05). The combination of OPC and OBG (OPC + OBG) significantly decreased the body weight (p < 0.01) and reduced the blood glucose (p < 0.01) and lipid profile levels (p < 0.01). The real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) study revealed that OPC + OBG significantly altered mRNA expression related to lipid metabolism. Histopathological analysis showed that OPC + OBG improved liver lipid deposition as well as liver oxidative stress (p < 0.05). In addition, OPC + OBG combination regulated the gut microbiota community phenotype and increased probiotics. OPC + OBG significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and reduced the abundance of Firmicutes (p < 0.05) compared with the OPC and OBG fed mice. In conclusion, OPC + OBG has a synergistic effect in alleviating hyperlipidemia via lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition. This finding also provided a potential justification for the advantages of whole grains in preventing hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Lezhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Zufang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Lingyi Liu
- Department of food science and technology, University of Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Junsi Yang
- Department of food science and technology, University of Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lianliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Katturajan R, Kannampuzha S, Murali R, Namachivayam A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Prince SE. Exploring the Regulatory Role of ncRNA in NAFLD: A Particular Focus on PPARs. Cells 2022; 11:3959. [PMID: 36552725 PMCID: PMC9777112 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are responsible for global mortality and morbidity and are a significant cause of death worldwide. Consequently, the advancement of new liver disease targets is of great interest. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), such as microRNA (miRNA) and long ncRNA (lncRNA), has been proven to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of virtually all acute and chronic liver disorders. Recent studies demonstrated the medical applications of miRNA in various phases of hepatic pathology. PPARs play a major role in regulating many signaling pathways involved in various metabolic disorders. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease in the world, encompassing a spectrum spanning from mild steatosis to severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). PPARs were found to be one of the major regulators in the progression of NAFLD. There is no recognized treatment for NAFLD, even though numerous clinical trials are now underway. NAFLD is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its frequency increases as obesity and diabetes become more prevalent. Reprogramming anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drugs is an effective therapy option for NAFLD and NASH. Several studies have also focused on the role of ncRNAs in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. The regulatory effects of these ncRNAs make them a primary target for treatments and as early biomarkers. In this study, the main focus will be to understand the regulation of PPARs through ncRNAs and their role in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramkumar Katturajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandra Kannampuzha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunraj Namachivayam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Che W, Zhao M, Li X, Li C, Cho WC, Yu S. Current insights in molecular characterization of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1002916. [PMID: 36523601 PMCID: PMC9744925 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1002916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a continuously rising incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) around the world, which parallels the increasing incidence of metabolic diseases. NAFLD is a range of liver conditions that contains simple non-alcoholic fatty liver and advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In serious cases, NAFLD may develop into cirrhosis or even liver cancer. NAFLD has an intense relationship with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is known that gut microbiota, and functional molecules such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase JNK, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in progressing and treating NAFLD. Traditionally, the conventional and effective therapeutic strategy is lifestyle intervention. Nowadays, new medicines targeting specific molecules, such as farnesoid X receptor, PPARs, and GLP-1 receptor, have been discovered and shown beneficial effects on patients with NAFLD. In this article, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Che
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Sonoda S, Murata S, Yamaza H, Yuniartha R, Fujiyoshi J, Yoshimaru K, Matsuura T, Oda Y, Ohga S, Tajiri T, Taguchi T, Yamaza T. Targeting hepatic oxidative stress rescues bone loss in liver fibrosis. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101599. [PMID: 36113772 PMCID: PMC9515604 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic liver diseases often involve metabolic damage to the skeletal system. The underlying mechanism of bone loss in chronic liver diseases remains unclear, and appropriate therapeutic options, except for orthotopic liver transplantation, have proved insufficient for these patients. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of transplantation of immature hepatocyte-like cells converted from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-Heps) in bone loss of chronic liver fibrosis. METHODS Mice that were chronically treated with CCl4 received SHED-Heps, and trabecular bone density, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and osteoclast activity were subsequently analyzed in vivo and in vitro. The effects of stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) knockdown in SHED-Heps were also evaluated in chronically CCl4 treated mice. RESULTS SHED-Hep transplantation (SHED-HepTx) improved trabecular bone loss and liver fibrosis in chronic CCl4-treated mice. SHED-HepTx reduced hepatic ROS production and interleukin 17 (Il-17) expression under chronic CCl4 damage. SHED-HepTx reduced the expression of both Il-17 and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 11A (Tnfrsf11a) and ameliorated the imbalance of osteoclast and osteoblast activities in the bone marrow of CCl4-treated mice. Functional knockdown of STC1 in SHED-Heps attenuated the benefit of SHED-HepTx including anti-bone loss effect by suppressing osteoclast differentiation through TNFSF11-TNFRSF11A signaling and enhancing osteoblast differentiation in the bone marrow, as well as anti-fibrotic and anti-ROS effects in the CCl4-injured livers. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that targeting hepatic ROS provides a novel approach to treat bone loss resulting from chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Sonoda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sara Murata
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Yamaza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ratih Yuniartha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Junko Fujiyoshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yoshimaru
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tasturo Tajiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan,Fukuoka College of Health Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaza
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan,Corresponding author. Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Fax: +81 92 642 6304.
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Dong Q, Yan S, Li D, Zhou C, Tian S, Wang Y, Miao P, Zhu W, Zhu S, Pan C. Feeding foliar nano-selenium biofortified panax notoginseng could reduce the occurrence of glycolipid metabolism disorder in mice caused by high-fat diets. Front Nutr 2022; 9:973027. [PMID: 36091251 PMCID: PMC9450130 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.973027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-selenium (nano-Se) has been extensively explored as a biostimulant for improving the quality of grain crops. However, there are few reports about the effect on the medicinal components of Chinese herbal medicine cultured with nano-Se. Here, we sprayed nano-Se during the cultivation of Panax notoginseng (SePN), and measured the changes of medicinal components compared with conventional Panax notoginseng (PN). Furthermore, we identified a more pronounced effect of SePN on reducing obesity in animals compared with PN. By measuring antioxidant capacity, histopathology, gene expression related to glycolipid metabolism, and gut microbiota composition, we propose a potential mechanism for SePN to improve animal health. Compared with the control groups, foliar spraying of nano-Se increased saponins contents (Rb2, Rb3, Rc, F2, Rb2, and Rf) in the roots of Panax notoginseng, the content of Rb2 increased by 3.9 times particularly. Interestingly, animal studies indicated that taking selenium-rich Panax notoginseng (SePN) can further ameliorate liver antioxidation (SOD, MDA, and GSH) and enzyme activities involved in glycolipid metabolism (ATGL and PFK). It also relieved inflammation and regulated the expression of genes (MCAD, PPAR-α, and PCSK9) related to fatty acid oxidation. The abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides and beneficial bacteria abundance (Bifidobacterium, Butyricimonas, and Parasutterella) in gut microbiota were improved relative to the control. In summary, the application of nano-Se on PN may effectively raise the content of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) and immensely lower the risk of metabolic disorders of glycolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyong Dong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunran Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sinuo Tian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peijuan Miao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Canping Pan
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Katoch S, Sharma V, Patial V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma: Experimental and clinical scenarios. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3535-3554. [PMID: 36161051 PMCID: PMC9372809 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer worldwide. Viral hepatitis is a significant risk factor for HCC, although metabolic syndrome and diabetes are more frequently associated with the HCC. With increasing prevalence, there is expected to be > 1 million cases annually by 2025. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish potential therapeutic targets to cure this disease. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the patho-physiology of HCC. Many synthetic agonists of PPARγ suppress HCC in experimental studies and clinical trials. These synthetic agonists have shown promising results by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells and preventing the invasion and metastasis of HCC. However, some synthetic agonists also pose severe side effects in addition to their therapeutic efficacy. Thus natural PPARγ agonists can be an alternative to exploit this potential target for HCC treatment. In this review, the regulatory role of PPARγ in the pathogenesis of HCC is elucidated. Furthermore, the experimental and clinical scenario of both synthetic and natural PPARγ agonists against HCC is discussed. Most of the available literature advocates PPARγ as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Katoch
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
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Baghcheghi Y, Beheshti F, Hosseini M, Gowhari-Shabgah A, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Hedayati-Moghadam M. Cardiovascular protective effects of PPARγ agonists in hypothyroid rats: protection against oxidative stress. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:539-547. [PMID: 35722928 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2079669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism disturbs redox homeostasis and takes part in cardiovascular system dysfunction. Considering antioxidant and cardio-protective effects of PPAR-γ agonists including pioglitazone (POG) and rosiglitazone (RSG), the present study was aimed to determine the effect of POG or RSG on oxidants and antioxidants indexes in the heart and aorta tissues of Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided into six groups: (1) Control; (2) propylthiouracil (PTU), (3) PTU-POG 10, (4) PTU-POG 20, (5) PTU-RSG 2, and (6) PTU-RSG 4. Hypothyroidism was induced in rats by giving 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for 42 days. The rats of PTU-POG 10 and PTU-POG 20 groups received 10 and 20 mg/kg POG, respectively, besides PTU, and the rats of PTU-RSG 2 and PTU-RSG 4 groups received 2 and 4 mg/kg RSG, respectively, besides PTU. The animals were sacrificed, and the serum of the rats was collected to measure thyroxine level. The heart and aorta tissues were also removed for the measurement of biochemical oxidative stress markers. RESULTS Hypothyroidism was induced by PTU administration, which was indicated by lower serum thyroxine levels. Hypothyroidism also was accompanied by a decrease of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and thiol concentration in the heart and aorta tissues while increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Interestingly, administration of POG or RSG dramatically reduced oxidative damage in the heart and aorta, as reflected by a decrease in MDA and increased activities of SOD, CAT, and thiol content. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that administration of POG or RSG decreased oxidative damage in the heart and aorta tissues induced by hypothyroidism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research Committee Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Hedayati-Moghadam
- Student Research Committee Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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50
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Li X, Zheng L, Zhang B, Deng ZY, Luo T. The Structure Basis of Phytochemicals as Metabolic Signals for Combating Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:913883. [PMID: 35769384 PMCID: PMC9234462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.913883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of phytochemicals, bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables, has been demonstrated to ameliorate obesity and related metabolic symptoms by regulating specific metabolic pathways. This review summarizes the progress made in our understanding of the potential of phytochemicals as metabolic signals: we discuss herein selected molecular mechanisms which are involved in the occurrence of obesity that may be regulated by phytochemicals. The focus of our review highlights the regulation of transcription factors toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and regulation of microRNAs (miRNA). In this review, the effect of phytochemicals on signaling pathways involved in obesity were discussed on the basis of their chemical structure, suggesting molecular mechanisms for how phytochemicals may impact these signaling pathways. For example, compounds with an isothiocyanate group or an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group may interact with the TLR4 signaling pathway. Regarding Nrf2, we examine compounds possessing an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group which binds covalently with the cysteine thiols of Keap1. Additionally, phytochemical activation of PPARs, FTO and miRNAs were summarized. This information may be of value to better understand how specific phytochemicals interact with specific signaling pathways and help guide the development of new drugs to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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