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Honda K, Hasegawa K, Ban M, Yano Y, Ogura Y. Massive stocking of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) fry fattens non-native brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Hokkaido, Japan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307552. [PMID: 39028744 PMCID: PMC11259280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In Japan, stocked chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) fry may have become the perfect prey for non-native brown trout (Salmo trutta), which are popular targets of anglers. If this is the case, fry stocking which is intended to boost commercial fishing may be helping to sustain the populations of an invasive predator. We used dietary and biochemical analyses to examine whether brown trout quickly restore their nutritional status following wintertime declines by preying upon chum salmon fry that are stocked in spring. We targeted six rivers in Hokkaido, Japan, three with fry stocking and three without. Changes in brown trout condition factor, triglyceride contents in muscle and serum, serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; an indicator of short-term growth), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; an essential fatty acid abundant in fish) content in muscle were examined between before stocking and during the stocking period in the six rivers. Dietary analysis showed that brown trout preyed on fry during the stocking period in all stocked rivers. Their nutritional status tended to be higher during the stocking period than before stocking in stocked rivers, but not in unstocked rivers. These results suggest that the massive stocking of chum salmon fry provides brown trout with the perfect prey to quickly restore their nutritional status and fuel increased growth; this may therefore be a controversial issue among stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Honda
- Salmon Research Department, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koh Hasegawa
- Salmon Research Department, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ban
- Salmon Research Department, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yano
- Salmon Research Department, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuhei Ogura
- Salmon Research Department, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Mashamaite CV, Phiri EE, Mandizvidza TC, Mothapo PN, Pieterse PJ, Albien AJ. Assessing a potential conflict associated with the production of Moringa oleifera in the Limpopo Province of South Africa: A systems thinking approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26906. [PMID: 38434263 PMCID: PMC10907789 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The increased movement of humans throughout the world allowed the transportation of several species, such as Moringa oleifera Lam. (moringa), into biomes far away from their native habitation. Native to India, moringa is a versatile, drought-tolerant, and fast-growing tree that is easily adaptable to wide-ranging tropical and sub-tropical conditions around the world. It is used in cosmetics, as food and medicine for humans, livestock feed, crop biostimulant, and green manure. Even though moringa is an alien species to South Africa, its production is increasing, and its numerous uses are recognised by communities. Moringa forms part of a highly complex (social, ecological, and economic) system. This is because it is on the Species Under Surveillance for Possible Eradication or Containment Targets (SUSPECT) list under the National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA) of South Africa. Listing species that are regarded as beneficial to communities on national regulations can cause conflicts and uncertainties among various stakeholders (i.e., environmental policymakers, farmers, rural communities, and government bodies). In this paper, a systems thinking approach was applied to address complex and conflicting issues linked to the production and overall status (economic, ecological, legal, and social) of moringa in South Africa. The Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) was developed to present a broad insight into the complexity of moringa in South Africa and assist in underscoring the feedback mechanisms within the system. Moreover, the CLD indicated that the position of moringa within the country comprised a variety of interdependent variables of government policies, environment, and society, which are interconnected into a multifaceted system. The potential conflict dimensions and types associated with allocating moringa an impact category within the South African context were identified, and this may serve as a useful tool for facilitating engagements and decision-making processes among stakeholders in resolving the status of moringa in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ethel Emmarantia Phiri
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | | | - Palesa Natasha Mothapo
- Division for Research Development, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Petrus Jacobus Pieterse
- Department of Agronomy, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Anouk Jasmine Albien
- Department of Curriculum Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Terblanche N, Measey J. The conservation value of freshwater habitats for frog communities of lowland fynbos. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15516. [PMID: 37304861 PMCID: PMC10249618 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibians are more threatened than any other vertebrate class, yet evidence for many threats is missing. The Cape lowland fynbos (endemic scrub biome) is threatened by habitat loss, and natural temporary freshwater habitats are removed in favour of permanent impoundments. In this study, we determine amphibian assemblages across different freshwater habitat types with special attention to the presence of invasive fish. We find that anuran communities differ primarily by habitat type, with permanent water habitats having more widespread taxa, while temporary water bodies have more range restricted taxa. Invasive fish are found to have a significant impact on frogs with toads most tolerant of their presence. Temporary freshwater habitats are a conservation priority in the area, and their amphibian assemblages represent endemic taxa that are intolerant of invasive fish. Conservation of a biodiverse amphibian assemblage in lowland fynbos areas will rely on the creation of temporary freshwater habitats, rather than a northern hemisphere pond based solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naas Terblanche
- Riverglade Retirement Village, Parklands, Unaffiliated, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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4
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Sax DF, Schlaepfer MA, Olden JD. Valuing the contributions of non-native species to people and nature. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:1058-1066. [PMID: 36210286 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While decision-making can benefit from considering positive and negative outcomes of change, over the past half-century, research on non-native species has focused predominately on their negative impacts. Here we provide a framework for considering the positive consequences of non-native species relative to relational, instrumental, and intrinsic values. We demonstrate that their beneficial outcomes are common and profoundly important for human well-being. Identified benefits include social cohesion, cultural identity, mental health, food and fuel production, regulation of clean waters, and attenuation of climate change. We argue that long-standing biases against non-native species within the literature have clouded the scientific process and hampered policy advances and sound public understanding. Future research should consider both costs and benefits of non-native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov F Sax
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society & Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Martin A Schlaepfer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julian D Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Cárdenas-Mahecha LP, Vitule JRS, Padial AA. Prey selectivity of the invasive largemouth bass towards native and non-native prey: an experimental approach. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Non-native predators are known to cause ecological impacts through heightened consumption of resources and decimation of native species. One such species is Micropterus salmoides. Often introduced for sport fishing worldwide; it has been listed by International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources as one of the 100 of the world’s worst invasive species. Whilst impacts conferred towards native prey are well known, its relationship with other non-native species has received much less attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the feeding preference of M. salmoides towards native prey (Geophagus iporangensis) compared to non-native prey (Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon rendalli) using comparative consumption and the Manly-Chesson selectivity index. We found a higher consumption by M. salmoides towards the non-native prey and a tendency for this non-native preference to increase when prey availability increased. Our results are in line with the hypothesis that the invasion of the non-native predator can be facilitated by the high abundance and reproductive rate of the non-native prey. This is relevant considering the interaction of multiple invaders in an ecosystem, in particular environments modified by humans. Interspecific relationships are complex and their understanding is necessary for environmental management decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andre Andrian Padial
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil
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Maiztegui T, Baigún CR, Garcia de Souza JR, Weyl O, Colautti D. Population responses of common carp Cyprinus carpio to floods and droughts in the Pampean wetlands of South America. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.48.34850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Common carp (Cyprinuscarpio) is a global invader that exhibits a wide distribution in Argentina, particularly in shallow lakes and wetlands of the Pampean region. The hydrological conditions of these environments are driven by variations in annual precipitation that determine inter annual changes in water levels leading to flood-drought cycles. The present study focused on understanding the C.carpio population responses to annual rainfall regime and long-term flood and drought events in the Ajó wetlands located in the east of the Pampean region. The results of a two-year biological sampling program showed that C.carpio feeding rate, reproduction, condition, and recruitment were associated with the hydrological cycle. Otolith derived age structure of the population and back-calculated recruitment strength revealed that extraordinary flooding events generated strong cohorts while dry years resulted in low recruitment. Its long-life span (maximum 14 years in Ajó) coupled with a high fecundity, and broad diet allows C.carpio to persist in refugia during dry years and capitalize on wet years when inundation of the floodplain enhances recruitment and facilitates spread. Management and control strategies for this invader should therefore incorporate hydrological variability by promoting intensive removal campaigns during dry years when populations are dominated by large fish confined in remnant water-bodies and, during wet years, carp harvest fisheries should be promoted to reduce population density when increased connectivity is likely to facilitate spread.
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8
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An evaluation of the current extent and potential spread of Black Bass invasions in South Africa. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Diedericks G, Henriques R, von der Heyden S, Weyl OLF, Hui C. The ghost of introduction past: Spatial and temporal variability in the genetic diversity of invasive smallmouth bass. Evol Appl 2018; 11:1609-1629. [PMID: 30344631 PMCID: PMC6183467 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the demographic history of introduced populations is essential for unravelling their invasive potential and adaptability to a novel environment. To this end, levels of genetic diversity within the native and invasive range of a species are often compared. Most studies, however, focus solely on contemporary samples, relying heavily on the premise that the historic population structure within the native range has been maintained over time. Here, we assess this assumption by conducting a three-way comparison of the genetic diversity of native (historic and contemporary) and invasive (contemporary) smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) populations. Analyses of a total of 572 M. dolomieu samples, representing the contemporary invasive South African range, contemporary and historical native USA range (dating back to the 1930s when these fish were first introduced into South Africa), revealed that the historical native range had higher genetic diversity levels when compared to both contemporary native and invasive ranges. These results suggest that both contemporary populations experienced a recent genetic bottleneck. Furthermore, the invasive range displayed significant population structure, whereas both historical and contemporary native US populations revealed higher levels of admixture. Comparison of contemporary and historical samples showed both a historic introduction of M. dolomieu and a more recent introduction, thereby demonstrating that undocumented introductions of this species have occurred. Although multiple introductions might have contributed to the high levels of genetic diversity in the invaded range, we discuss alternative factors that may have been responsible for the elevated levels of genetic diversity and highlight the importance of incorporating historic specimens into demographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Diedericks
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandStellenboschSouth Africa
- Evolutionary Genomics GroupDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Romina Henriques
- Section for Marine Living ResourcesNational Institute of Aquatic ResourcesTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Sophie von der Heyden
- Evolutionary Genomics GroupDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Olaf L. F. Weyl
- DST/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater EcologySouth African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)GrahamstownSouth Africa
- Centre for Invasion BiologySouth African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)GrahamstownSouth Africa
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityMatielandStellenboschSouth Africa
- Mathematical Biosciences GroupAfrican Institute for Mathematical SciencesCape TownSouth Africa
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10
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Truter M, Přikrylová I, Weyl OLF, Smit NJ. Co-introduction of ancyrocephalid monogeneans on their invasive host, the largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepéde, 1802) in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2017; 6:420-429. [PMID: 30951569 PMCID: PMC5715217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepéde, 1802) were sampled from three provinces (Eastern Cape EC, North West NWP and KwaZulu-Natal KZN) in South Africa to assess for parasite diversity and community composition. Morphological evaluation of the sampled parasite specimens provided evidence for the first record of five monogeneans from the family Ancyrocephalidae: Clavunculus bursatus (Mueller, 1963), Onchocleidus dispar (Mueller, 1936), Onchocleidus furcatus (Mueller, 1937), Onchocleidus principalis (Mizelle, 1936) and Syncleithrium fusiformis (Mueller, 1934) from the African continent. Community composition differed between localities. Clavunculus bursatus were only sampled from the EC and KZN, O. dispar and O. principalis were only sampled from the EC, O. furcatus was only sampled from the NWP and KZN localities and S. fusiformis only from KZN. Prevalence was 100% at all localities. Data from this study support the enemy release hypothesis as many of the parasites reported from the native range of M. salmoides were not collected. Report on the parasite diversity of invasive Micropterus salmoides in South Africa. First identification of co-introduced Ancyrocephalidae monogeneans into South Africa. Enemy release supported: lower parasite diversity in South African Micropterus salmoides. Potential for spillover to natives exists and needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marliese Truter
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.,Centre for Invasion Biology, Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Iva Přikrylová
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olaf L F Weyl
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.,Centre for Invasion Biology, SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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11
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Hargrove JS, Weyl OLF, Austin JD. Reconstructing the introduction history of an invasive fish predator in South Africa. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Zengeya T, Ivey P, Woodford DJ, Weyl O, Novoa A, Shackleton R, Richardson D, Van Wilgen B. Managing conflict-generating invasive species in South Africa: Challenges and trade-offs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4102/abc.v47i2.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: This paper reviewed the benefits and negative impacts of alien species that are currently listed in the Alien and Invasive Species Regulations of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act no 10 of 2004) and certain alien species that are not yet listed in the regulations for which conflicts of interest complicate management. Objectives: Specifically, it identified conflict-generating species, evaluated the causes and driving forces of these conflicts and assessed how the conflicts have affected management. Method: A simple scoring system was used to classify the alien species according to their relative degree of benefits and negative impacts. Conflict-generating species were then identified and further evaluated using an integrated cognitive hierarchy theory and risk perception framework to identify the value systems (intrinsic and economic) and risk perceptions associated with each conflict. Results: A total of 552 alien species were assessed. Most of the species were classified as inconsequential (55%) or destructive (29%). Beneficial (10%) and conflict-generating (6%) species made a minor contribution. The majority (46%) of the conflict cases were associated with more than one value system or both values and risk perception. The other conflicts cases were based on intrinsic (40%) and utilitarian (14%) value systems. Conclusions: Conflicts based on value and risk perceptions are inherently difficult to resolve because authorities need to balance the needs of different stakeholders while meeting the mandate of conserving the environment, ecosystem services and human well-being. This paper uses the identified conflict-generating species to highlight the challenges and trade-offs of managing invasive species in South Africa.
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Beatty SJ, Morgan DL. Rapid proliferation of an endemic galaxiid following eradication of an alien piscivore (Perca fluviatilis) from a reservoir. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1090-1097. [PMID: 27859224 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Following the complete eradication of the alien piscivorous perch Perca fluviatilis from a potable reservoir, the abundance of the endemic western minnow Galaxias occidentalis, which was previously undetectable prior to the initial eradication event, increased dramatically. The study reveals the potential of reservoirs to act as ecological refuges and has implications for understanding the relative effects of alien fishes v. habitat alteration on native freshwater fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Beatty
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - D L Morgan
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Fish & Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
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14
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Courchamp F, Fournier A, Bellard C, Bertelsmeier C, Bonnaud E, Jeschke JM, Russell JC. Invasion Biology: Specific Problems and Possible Solutions. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Woodford DJ, Richardson DM, MacIsaac HJ, Mandrak NE, van Wilgen BW, Wilson JRU, Weyl OLF. Confronting the wicked problem of managing biological invasions. NEOBIOTA 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.31.10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ellender BR, Rivers-Moore NA, Coppinger CR, Bellingan TA, Weyl OLF. Towards using thermal stress thresholds to predict salmonid invasion potential. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Maiztegui T, Baigún CRM, Garcia de Souza JR, Minotti P, Colautti DC. Invasion status of the common carp Cyprinus carpio in inland waters of Argentina. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:417-430. [PMID: 27241358 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study documents the presence of Cyprinus carpio in 119 natural environments and 49 artificial habitats in Argentina, showing an exponential increment of invaded locations over time since it was introduced in the nineteenth century. Geographic expansion patterns revealed that since its initial introduction, species records demonstrate an increment in the central portion of the country only after 1970 and subsequent expansion after 1990 to the north, west and south. Using an environmental similarity index it was determined that more than half the country offers good conditions for C. carpio establishment. Environmental factors and anthropogenic impacts are relevant drivers that can account for the current and future distribution of C. carpio in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maiztegui
- Instituto de Limnología 'Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet' (ILPLA) (UNLP-CONICET), Boulevard 120 y 62, CC 712, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C R M Baigún
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús IIB-(INTECH) (UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino, km 8,2, CC164, B7130IWA, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Instituto de Ingeniería e Investigación Ambiental (3iA UNSAM), Laboratorio de Ecología, Teledetección y Ecoinformática, Campus Miguelete Edificio 3iA, Francia y 25 de Mayo s/n, 1650, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J R Garcia de Souza
- Instituto de Limnología 'Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet' (ILPLA) (UNLP-CONICET), Boulevard 120 y 62, CC 712, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Minotti
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Instituto de Ingeniería e Investigación Ambiental (3iA UNSAM), Laboratorio de Ecología, Teledetección y Ecoinformática, Campus Miguelete Edificio 3iA, Francia y 25 de Mayo s/n, 1650, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D C Colautti
- Instituto de Limnología 'Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet' (ILPLA) (UNLP-CONICET), Boulevard 120 y 62, CC 712, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Weyl OLF, Daga VS, Ellender BR, Vitule JRS. A review of Clarias gariepinus invasions in Brazil and South Africa. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:386-402. [PMID: 27094809 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus is native to most of Africa and small parts of Asia, but has been introduced to 37 countries mainly for aquaculture. This review of introductions, establishment, spread and impact of C. gariepinus in Brazil and outside of its native range in South Africa provides evidence that the species has been able to overcome all barriers to invasion in both countries. Following initial introductions across geographical barriers, containment seems to have been impossible and escape from aquaculture facilities and spread by illegal introductions is an invasion pathway in both countries. There is evidence of individuals dispersing rapidly following escape, and surviving and reproducing at multiple sites in a wide spectrum of habitats in both countries. There is a severe paucity of research on impacts, many of which are inferred from field and laboratory observations, but have not been demonstrated at population or community level. Such impact studies are urgently required to better understand the consequences of these invasions and to develop appropriate strategies to mitigate impacts and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L F Weyl
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - V S Daga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Setor de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - B R Ellender
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - J R S Vitule
- Centre for Invasion Biology, SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Setor de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Shelton JM, Samways MJ, Day JA, Woodford DJ. Are native cyprinids or introduced salmonids stronger regulators of benthic invertebrates in South African headwater streams? AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Shelton
- Centre for Invasion Biology; Stellenbosch University; Matieland South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology; Stellenbosch University; Matieland South Africa
- Freshwater Research Centre; Scarborough South Africa
| | - Michael J. Samways
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology; Stellenbosch University; Matieland South Africa
| | | | - Darragh J. Woodford
- Centre for Invasion Biology; School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
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Jackson MC, Woodford DJ, Bellingan TA, Weyl OLF, Potgieter MJ, Rivers-Moore NA, Ellender BR, Fourie HE, Chimimba CT. Trophic overlap between fish and riparian spiders: potential impacts of an invasive fish on terrestrial consumers. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1745-52. [PMID: 27087934 PMCID: PMC4801975 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on resource sharing and partitioning generally consider species that occur in the same habitat. However, subsidies between linked habitats, such as streams and riparian zones, create potential for competition between populations which never directly interact. Evidence suggests that the abundance of riparian consumers declines after fish invasion and a subsequent increase in resource sharing of emerging insects. However, diet overlap has not been investigated. Here, we examine the trophic niche of native fish, invasive fish, and native spiders in South Africa using stable isotope analysis. We compared spider abundance and diet at upstream fishless and downstream fish sites and quantified niche overlap with invasive and native fish. Spider abundance was consistently higher at upstream fishless sites compared with paired downstream fish sites, suggesting that the fish reduced aquatic resource availability to riparian consumers. Spiders incorporated more aquatic than terrestrial insects in their diet, with aquatic insects accounting for 45–90% of spider mass. In three of four invaded trout rivers, we found that the average proportion of aquatic resources in web‐building spider diet was higher at fishless sites compared to fish sites. The probability of web‐building and ground spiders overlapping into the trophic niche of invasive brown and rainbow trout was as high as 26 and 51%, respectively. In contrast, the probability of spiders overlapping into the trophic niche of native fish was always less than 5%. Our results suggest that spiders share resources with invasive fish. In contrast, spiders had a low probability of trophic overlap with native fish indicating that the traits of invaders may be important in determining their influence on ecosystem subsidies. We have added to the growing body of evidence that invaders can have cross‐ecosystem impacts and demonstrated that this can be due to niche overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Jackson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Centre for Invasion Biology University of Pretoria Private Bag X 20 Hatfield 0028 South Africa
| | - Darragh J Woodford
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Grahamstown 6140 South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology SAIAB Grahamstown 6140 South Africa
| | - Terence A Bellingan
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Grahamstown 6140 South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology SAIAB Grahamstown 6140 South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 South Africa
| | - Olaf L F Weyl
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Grahamstown 6140 South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology SAIAB Grahamstown 6140 South Africa
| | - Michael J Potgieter
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Centre for Invasion Biology University of Pretoria Private Bag X 20 Hatfield 0028 South Africa
| | - Nick A Rivers-Moore
- Centre for Water Resources Research University of KwaZulu-Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Bruce R Ellender
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Grahamstown 6140 South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology SAIAB Grahamstown 6140 South Africa
| | - Hermina E Fourie
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Centre for Invasion Biology University of Pretoria Private Bag X 20 Hatfield 0028 South Africa
| | - Christian T Chimimba
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Centre for Invasion Biology University of Pretoria Private Bag X 20 Hatfield 0028 South Africa
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Muller C, Weyl OLF, Strydom NA. Introduction, establishment and spread of the Southern mouthbrooder Pseudocrenilabrus philander in the Baakens River, Eastern Cape, South Africa. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2015.1058187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hargrove JS, Weyl OLF, Allen MS, Deacon NR. Using Tournament Angler Data to Rapidly Assess the Invasion Status of Alien Sport Fishes (Micropterus spp.) in Southern Africa. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130056. [PMID: 26047487 PMCID: PMC4457859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishes are one of the most commonly introduced aquatic taxa worldwide, and invasive fish species pose threats to biodiversity and ecosystem function in recipient waters. Considerable research efforts have focused on predicting the invasibility of different fish taxa; however, accurate records detailing the establishment and spread of invasive fishes are lacking for large numbers of fish around the globe. In response to these data limitations, a low-cost method of cataloging and quantifying the temporal and spatial status of fish invasions was explored. Specifically, angler catch data derived from competitive bass angling tournaments was used to document the distribution of 66 non-native populations of black bass (Micropterus spp.) in southern Africa. Additionally, catch data from standardized tournament events were used to assess the abundance and growth of non-native bass populations in southern Africa relative to their native distribution (southern and eastern United States). Differences in metrics of catch per unit effort (average number of fish retained per angler per day), daily bag weights (the average weight of fish retained per angler), and average fish weight were assessed using catch data from 14,890 angler days of tournament fishing (11,045 days from South Africa and Zimbabwe; 3,845 days from the United States). No significant differences were found between catch rates, average daily bag weight, or the average fish weight between countries, suggesting that bass populations in southern Africa reach comparable sizes and numbers relative to waters in their native distribution. Given the minimal cost associated with data collection (i.e. records are collected by tournament organizers), the standardized nature of the events, and consistent bias (i.e. selection for the biggest fish in a population), the use of angler catch data represents a novel approach to infer the status and distribution of invasive sport fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Hargrove
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Olaf L. F. Weyl
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, SAIAB, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Micheal S. Allen
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Neil R. Deacon
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa
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Weyl OL, Ellender BR, Wasserman RJ, Woodford DJ. Unintended consequences of using alien fish for human benefit in protected areas. KOEDOE: AFRICAN PROTECTED AREA CONSERVATION AND SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v57i1.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing pressure on conservation agencies to allow access to natural resources within protected areas for human benefit. Alien fishes are often seen as a convenient resource because their harvest does not conflict with conservation goals. However, allowing such access may have unintended consequences for managers. This opinion essay is intended to provide some insights into how promoting access to alien fish resources can add to the complexity of conservation interventions, may facilitate additional fish introductions and create dependencies on alien fish that could compromise potential eradication efforts.Conservation implications: Management plans for the utilisation of alien fishes by external stakeholders must include clear exit strategies so that the ability to eradicate when necessary or feasible is not compromised.
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