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Wang S, Xiong F, Liu Y, Feng Z. Exploring flavonoid intake and all-cause mortality in diverse health conditions: Insights from NHANES 2007-2010 and 2017-2018. Nutrition 2024; 127:112556. [PMID: 39236523 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Flavonoids exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, yet the relationship between flavonoid intake and all-cause mortality in the obese population remains unclear. METHODS This study included NHANES participants from 2007 to 2010 and 2017 to 2018. Cox regression analysis evaluated the impact of total flavonoid intake on all-cause mortality among participants with varying comorbidity profiles. Subgroup analysis was conducted by separately analyzing the six sub-classes of total flavonoids (anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, and isoflavones). Sensitivity analysis was used to investigate the impact of total flavonoid intake on all-cause mortality among patients with different comorbidities. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 9.92 years (interquartile range (IQR), 5.54-14.29 years), a total of 639 participants died. COX regression analysis revealed a positive impact of flavonoid intake on all-cause mortality among participants with chronic kidney disease, with greater benefits observed in obese participants [hazard ratio (HR): 0.22, 95% CI: 0.11-0.44). In metabolically healthy obese participants (HR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.07-0.35), obese individuals with diabetes (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29-0.88), and obese individuals with comorbid cardiovascular disease (HR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17-0.83), flavonoid intake was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis indicated a non-linear relationship in obese participants, with optimal intake levels ranging from 319.4978 to 448.6907 mg/day, varying based on different comorbidity profiles. Subgroup analysis revealed varying effects of total flavonoid components in different health conditions, with hazard ratios ranging from 0.06 for higher levels of flavonol to 0.59 for higher levels of anthocyanidins in the Cox model. Sensitivity analyses further indicated that individuals with obesity and comorbid diabetes or CKD see the greatest benefit from flavonoid intake. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of flavonoids may be associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality. Consumption of flavonoids is particularly beneficial for individuals with obesity and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Wang
- The Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Medicine, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China; Research Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- The Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhonghui Feng
- The Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China; Research Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Lupu A, Fotea S, Jechel E, Starcea IM, Ioniuc I, Knieling A, Salaru DL, Sasaran MO, Cirstea O, Revenco N, Mihai CM, Lupu VV, Nedelcu AH. Is oxidative stress - antioxidants imbalance the physiopathogenic core in pediatric obesity? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394869. [PMID: 39176098 PMCID: PMC11338799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the early recognition of obesity as an epidemic with global implications, research on its pathogenesis and therapeutic approach is still on the rise. The literature of the 21st century records an excess weight found in up to 1/3 of children. Both the determining factors and its systemic effects are multiple and variable. Regarding its involvement in the potentiation of cardio-vascular, pulmonary, digestive, metabolic, neuro-psychic or even dermatological diseases, the information is already broadly outlined. The connection between the underlying disease and the associated comorbidities seems to be partially attributable to oxidative stress. In addition to these, and in the light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the role played by oxidative stress in the induction, maintenance and potentiation of chronic inflammation among overweight children and adolescents becomes a topic of interest again. Thus, this review's purpose is to update general data on obesity, with an emphasis on the physiopathological mechanisms that underlie it and involve oxidative stress. At the same time, we briefly present the latest principles of pathology diagnosis and management. Among these, we will mainly emphasize the impact played by endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in the evolutionary course of pediatric obesity. In order to achieve our objectives, we will refer to the most recent studies published in the specialized literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Lupu
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Silvia Fotea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, Romania
| | - Elena Jechel
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anton Knieling
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Oana Sasaran
- Pediatrics, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Olga Cirstea
- Pediatrics, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Neli Revenco
- Pediatrics, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Horatiu Nedelcu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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3
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Zhou M, Ma J, Kang M, Tang W, Xia S, Yin J, Yin Y. Flavonoids, gut microbiota, and host lipid metabolism. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300065. [PMID: 38708419 PMCID: PMC11065335 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed in nature and have a variety of beneficial biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. All of these are related to gut microbiota, and flavonoids also serve as a bridge between the host and gut microbiota. Flavonoids are commonly used to modify the composition of the gut microbiota by promoting or inhibiting specific microbial species within the gut, as well as modifying their metabolites. In turn, the gut microbiota extensively metabolizes flavonoids. Hence, this reciprocal relationship between flavonoids and the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and functionality of the metabolism system. In this review, we mainly highlighted the biological effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiobesity, and discussed the interaction between flavonoids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism, and elaborated the potential mechanisms on host lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Meng Kang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Sichuan Animal Science AcademyLivestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Animtech Feed Co., LtdChengduSichuanChina
| | - Siting Xia
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
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4
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Pan X, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Cao Q, Wei L, Zhao M. Investigation of the therapeutic effect of Hedan tablets on high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats by GC-MS technology and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5848. [PMID: 38368632 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a persistent metabolic condition resulting from the excessive accumulation or abnormal distribution of body fat. This study aimed to establish an experimental rat model of obesity. The efficacy of treating obesity with Hedan tablets (HDT) was assessed by monitoring changes in weight, blood lipid levels, analyzing inflammatory factors, evaluating organ indices, and observing liver tissue pathology. Furthermore, we utilized 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing technology to explore changes in intestinal flora. In addition, GC-MS was used to measure fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content. The onset of obesity led to a significant decrease in the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. Conversely, the administration of HDT demonstrated a substantial ability to increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. Obesity resulted in a noteworthy reduction in total SCFAs, a trend significantly reversed in the HDT group. Through correlation analysis, it was determined that HDT mitigated the inflammatory response and improved blood lipid levels by augmenting the abundance of Lactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Ruminococcus, and Enterococcus. These particular intestinal flora were identified as regulators of SCFA metabolism, thereby ameliorating metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity. Moreover, HDT intervention elevated the overall fecal concentration of SCFAs, thereby improving metabolic disorders induced by obesity. The anti-obesity effects of HDT are likely attributable to their capacity to influence the composition of intestinal flora and boost SCFA levels in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongyao Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingying Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liuxin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Quartiroli M, Roncallo C, Pala V, Simeon V, Ricceri F, Venturelli E, Pattaroni L, Sieri S, Agnoli C. Adherence to Diet Quality Indices and Breast Cancer Risk in the Italian ORDET Cohort. Nutrients 2024; 16:1187. [PMID: 38674877 PMCID: PMC11054820 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, with 2.3 million diagnoses in 2020. There is growing evidence that lifestyle factors, including dietary factors, particularly the complex interactions and synergies between different foods and nutrients (and not a single nutrient or food), may be associated with a higher risk of BC. The aim of this work was to evaluate how the Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI), the Greek Mediterranean Index, the DASH score, and the EAT-Lancet score can help lower the risk of BC, and analyze if chronic low-grade inflammation may be one of the possible mechanisms through which dietary patterns influence breast cancer risk. We evaluated the effect of adherence to these four dietary quality indices in the 9144 women of the ORDET cohort who completed a dietary questionnaire. The effect of adherence to dietary patterns on chronic inflammation biomarkers was evaluated on a subsample of 552 participants. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC risk in relation to the index score categories used were estimated using multivariable Cox models adjusted for potential confounders. Regression coefficients (β), with 95% CI for C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin levels in relation to adherence to dietary patterns were evaluated with the linear regression model adjusted for potential confounders. IMI was inversely associated with BC in all women (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60-0.97, P trend = 0.04), particularly among postmenopausal women (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98, P trend = 0.11). None of the other dietary patterns was associated with BC risk. Higher IMI and Greek Mediterranean Index scores were inversely associated with circulating CRP (β: -0.10, 95% CI: -0.18, -0.02, and β: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.21, -0.04). The higher score of the EAT-Lancet Index was instead associated with a higher concentration of circulating levels of CRP (β: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.18). In conclusion, these results suggest that adherence to a typical Italian Mediterranean diet protects against BC development, especially among postmenopausal women, possibly through modulation of chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Quartiroli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Chiara Roncallo
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Vanvitelli University, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Centre for Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Venturelli
- Nutritional and Metabolomic Research Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lara Pattaroni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.Q.); (C.R.); (V.P.); (L.P.); (C.A.)
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Tsai CC, Chiu MH, Kek HP, Yang MC, Su YT, Liu HK, Wu MS, Yeh YT. The Reduced Gut Lachnospira Species Is Linked to Liver Enzyme Elevation and Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3640. [PMID: 38612453 PMCID: PMC11011648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate gut dysbiosis and its metabolic and inflammatory implications in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study included 105 children and utilized anthropometric measurements, blood tests, the Ultrasound Fatty Liver Index, and fecal DNA sequencing to assess the relationship between gut microbiota and pediatric MAFLD. Notable decreases in Lachnospira spp., Faecalibacterium spp., Oscillospira spp., and Akkermansia spp. were found in the MAFLD group. Lachnospira spp. was particularly reduced in children with MAFLD and hepatitis compared to controls. Both MAFLD groups showed a reduction in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis sequences. Lachnospira spp. correlated positively with flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and negatively with insulin levels and insulin resistance. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and total cholesterol levels were inversely correlated with flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Reduced Lachnospira spp. in children with MAFLD may exacerbate insulin resistance and inflammation through reduced flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, offering potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsi Chiu
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Poh Kek
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
| | - Ming-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsun Su
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Kuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (H.-P.K.); (M.-C.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, No. 151, Jinxue Road, Daliao District, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
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Oladimeji BM, Adebo OA. Antiobesity effect of healthy food crops and functional foods: A systematic review of their mechanisms. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1380-1398. [PMID: 38455221 PMCID: PMC10916587 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable risk factor in the prevention and management of obesity, and various foods have the potential to aid in obesity management by modulating different pathways involved in the disease's pathology. We performed a systematic review of literature, using CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar, focusing on the antiobesity potential of foods crops and functional food products, and their mechanisms of action and clinical evidence. Sixty-four articles were identified, of which 41 investigated food crops, while 23 investigated functional products. Food crops, such as cereals, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, seaweeds, legumes, herbs, spices, and cocoa seeds, have antiobesity effects through mechanisms such as altering the metabolism of glucolipids by inhibiting enzymes like α-amylase and α-glucosidase, stimulating the bioenergetics of thermogenic fat, modulating gut microbiota, and inhibiting lipogenesis and storage. In addition, developed functional teas, beverages, and yoghurt have antiobesity effects through similar or different mechanisms, such as enhancing energy expenditure and satiety, suppressing adipogenesis and lipolysis, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, and altering hormonal secretion. This review reemphasized the significance of food in the control of obesity, and highlights the distinct methods these explored foods exert their antiobesity effects. In conclusion, foods are safe and effective means of combating obesity without the side effects of conventional drugs, which can help inform dietary choices, assist professionals in providing more accurate advice, and also lead to better understanding of food and its effect on overall health of the public. This approach will eradicate global diseases, especially if more underutilized and indigenous food crops are extensively researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mofoluwaso Oladimeji
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Food Innovation Research Group, Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
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Liang X, Zheng S, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhang Z. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid, exhibits a protective effect on intestinal injury induced by soybean meal in early-weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae214. [PMID: 39066584 PMCID: PMC11367559 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal is known to be able to cause intestinal damage and dysfunction in early-weaned piglets. However, research on natural compounds that can alleviate these effects is scarce. In this study, the effect of luteolin, a natural flavonoid, on intestinal health of piglets fed on a soybean meal-based diet was explored. A total of eighteen 21-d-old piglets were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: a negative control group fed with an animal protein-based diet, a positive control group fed with a soybean meal-based diet, and a luteolin group that was fed with the positive control diet supplemented with luteolin. The results suggested that luteolin supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of early-weaned piglets, while effectively reducing the diarrhea incidence. Additionally, luteolin supplementation lowered the levels of soybean antigen-specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin E anitbodies, increased the superoxide dismutase activity in both sera and small intestine mucosa, and enhanced the total antioxidant capacity in sera. Further research found that luteolin supplementation increased the intestinal villi height and decreased the crypt depth, resulting in an increased ratio of villi to crypts. At the same time, it reduced the concentration of serum diamine oxidase, improving intestinal barrier function. Moreover, luteolin significantly decreased the gene expression of Bax and Caspase-3, reducing cell apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa. Luteolin supplementation also increased the abundance of Actinobacteria at the phylum level, reduced the abundance of Prevotella and increased the abundance of Olsenella at the genus level. In conclusion, the supplementation of luteolin to the soybean meal diet was capable of effectively reducing allergic response, enhancing the antioxidant capacity of early-weaned piglets, protecting their intestinal barrier function, inhibiting intestinal mucosal cell apoptosis, and altering the intestinal microbiota structure, therefore promoting intestinal health and improving production performance in early-weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecong Liang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Shugui Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Jiguang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
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Almeida CDORPD, Martinez RM, Souza VRD, Lima TPB, Nascimento BA, Noblat GDA, Abreu GM, Pereira AD, Figueiredo MS, Teodoro AJ. Effects of Supplementation of Murici ( Byrsonima crassifolia) and Taperebá ( Spondias mombin) Pulp Extracts on Food Intake, Body Parameters, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Healthy Rats. J Med Food 2024; 27:47-59. [PMID: 38156814 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of supplementation of murici (Byrsonima crassifolia) and taperebá (Spondias mombin) pulp extracts on dietary intake, body composition, biochemical parameters, and markers of oxidative stress. Two experiments were conducted with a total of 80 healthy male Wistar rats and a 30-day supplementation. In the first experiment, animals were divided into control (C) group, murici group 50 mg/(kg⸱day) (50Mu), murici group 100 mg/(kg⸱day) (100Mu), and murici group 200 mg/(kg⸱day) (200Mu). In the second experiment, animals were divided into C group, taperebá group 50 mg/(kg⸱day) (50Tap), taperebá group 100 mg/(kg⸱day) (100Tap), and taperebá group 200 mg/(kg⸱day) (200Tap). Results showed lower feed intake in 50Mu, 100Mu, and 100Tap groups (13%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, P < .05) and lower body fat in 200Mu, 100Tap, and 200Tap groups (16.0%, 29.1%, and 27.1%, respectively, P < .05). Only the 100Tap group showed reduced adipose tissue content (30.4%; P < .05). Increased plasma antioxidant capacity was observed at all doses for both fruits. Taperebá supplementation reduced ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange levels (50Tap: 8.4%, 100Tap: 16.1%, 200Tap: 24.3%; P < .05) and increased thiol levels (50Tap: 39%, 100Tap: 31%; P < .05). Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were reduced in all groups receiving taperebá (50Tap: 77.7%, 100Tap: 73.1%, 200Tap: 73.8%; P < .05) and murici (50Mu: 44.5%, 100Mu: 34%, 200Mu: 43%; P < .05). Therefore, it is suggested that the inclusion of these fruits in the diet can contribute to health maintenance and disease prevention, through their effects on controlling food intake, improving body composition, and in combating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Martins Martinez
- Food and Nutrition Security Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Almeida Nascimento
- Emília de Jesus Ferreiro College of Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Alcantara Noblat
- Emília de Jesus Ferreiro College of Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Menezes Abreu
- Nutrition Science Program, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Sarto Figueiredo
- Integrated Center of Food and Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson Junger Teodoro
- Integrated Center of Food and Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ren S, Zhang L, Tang X, Fan C, Zhao Y, Cheng Q, Zhang Y. Plant Secondary Compounds Promote White Adipose Tissue Browning via Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Small Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17420. [PMID: 38139249 PMCID: PMC10743627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a promising area of research for treating metabolic disorders and obesity in the future. However, studies on plant secondary compounds promoting WAT browning are limited. Herein, we explored the effects of swainsonine (SW) on gut microbiota and WAT browning in captive pikas. SW inhibited body mass gain, increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, and induced WAT browning in pikas. The 16S rDNA sequencing revealed a significant reduction in the alpha diversity and altered community structure of the gut microbiota in captive pikas. However, the addition of SW to the diet significantly increased the alpha diversity of gut microbiota and the relative abundance of Akkermansia, Prevotella, and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, along with the complexity of the microbial co-occurrence network structure, which decreased in the guts of captive pikas. Functional profiles showed that SW significantly decreased the relative abundances of energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, which were enriched in captive pikas. Furthermore, SW decreased deterministic processes of gut microbiota assembly in July and increased them in November. Finally, the genera Prevotella and unclassified_f__Prevotellaceae were positively correlated with BAT mass. Our results highlighted that plant secondary compounds promote WAT browning by modulating the gut microbiota in small mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shien Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Xianjiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
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11
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Ma L, Dong R, Peng J, Tian X, Fang D, Xu S. Comparison of the effect of extraction methods on waste cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) flowers: metabolic profile, bioactive components, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6463-6472. [PMID: 37218075 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waste cotton flowers, as a by-product of cotton cultivation, are enriched with bioactive substances that render them a promising natural source of health-promoting benefits. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE), and conventional extraction (CE) approaches were applied to extract bioactive compounds from waste cotton flowers, and the metabolic profiles, bioactive components, antioxidants, and α-amylase inhibition of different extractions were systematically analyzed and compared. RESULTS It was observed that UAE and CE extracts had similar metabolic profiles compared with SWE. The flavonoids and amino acids and derivatives were more prone to be extracted by UAE and CE, whereas phenolic acids tended to accumulate in SWE extract. The UAE extract had the highest amounts of total polyphenols (214.07 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram dry weight) and flavonoids (33.23 mg rutin equivalents per gram dry weight) as well as the strongest inhibition on oxidation (IC50 = 10.80 μg mL-1 ) and α-amylase activity (IC50 = 0.62 mg mL-1 ), indicating that chemical composition was closely related to biological activity. Additionally, microstructures and thermal behaviors of the extracts were investigated and highlighted the ability of UAE. CONCLUSION Overall, it can be concluded that UAE is an efficient, green, and economical extraction method to produce bioactive compounds from cotton flowers, and the UAE extracts could be used in food and medicine industries because of their high antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity. This study provides a scientific basis for the development and comprehensive utilization of cotton by-products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
| | - Ruidan Dong
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
| | - Xinquan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
| | - Dan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
| | - Shuangjiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
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12
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Siddiqui SA, Azmy Harahap I, Suthar P, Wu YS, Ghosh N, Castro-Muñoz R. A Comprehensive Review of Phytonutrients as a Dietary Therapy for Obesity. Foods 2023; 12:3610. [PMID: 37835263 PMCID: PMC10572887 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex medical condition mainly caused by eating habits, genetics, lifestyle, and medicine. The present study deals with traditional diets like the Mediterranean diet, Nordic diet, African Heritage diet, Asian diet, and DASH, as these are considered to be sustainable diets for curing obesity. However, the bioavailability of phytonutrients consumed in the diet may vary, depending on several factors such as digestion and absorption of phytonutrients, interaction with other substances, cooking processes, and individual differences. Hence, several phytochemicals, like polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, etc., have been investigated to assess their efficiencies and safety in the prevention and treatment of obesity. These phytochemicals have anti-obesity effects, mediated via modulation of many pathways, such as decreased lipogenesis, lipid absorption, accelerated lipolysis, energy intake, expenditure, and preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation. Owing to these anti-obesity effects, new food formulations incorporating these phytonutrients were introduced that can be beneficial in reducing the prevalence of obesity and promoting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | | | - Priyanka Suthar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Nibedita Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati 781017, Assam, India;
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Av. Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Naomi R, Teoh SH, Halim S, Embong H, Hasain Z, Bahari H, Kumar J. Unraveling Obesity: Transgenerational Inheritance, Treatment Side Effects, Flavonoids, Mechanisms, Microbiota, Redox Balance, and Bioavailability-A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1549. [PMID: 37627544 PMCID: PMC10451614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is known as a transgenerational vicious cycle and has become a global burden due to its unavoidable complications. Modern approaches to obesity management often involve the use of pharmaceutical drugs and surgeries that have been associated with negative side effects. In contrast, natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids, have emerged as a promising alternative due to their potential health benefits and minimal side effects. Thus, this narrative review explores the potential protective role of flavonoids as a natural antioxidant in managing obesity. To identify recent in vivo studies on the efficiency of flavonoids in managing obesity, a comprehensive search was conducted on Wiley Online Library, Scopus, Nature, and ScienceDirect. The search was limited to the past 10 years; from the search, we identified 31 articles to be further reviewed. Based on the reviewed articles, we concluded that flavonoids offer novel therapeutic strategies for preventing obesity and its associated co-morbidities. This is because the appropriate dosage of flavonoid compounds is able to reduce adipose tissue mass, the formation of intracellular free radicals, enhance endogenous antioxidant defences, modulate the redox balance, and reduce inflammatory signalling pathways. Thus, this review provides an insight into the domain of a natural product therapeutic approach for managing obesity and recapitulates the transgenerational inheritance of obesity, the current available treatments to manage obesity and its side effects, flavonoids and their sources, the molecular mechanism involved, the modulation of gut microbiota in obesity, redox balance, and the bioavailability of flavonoids. In toto, although flavonoids show promising positive outcome in managing obesity, a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the advantageous impacts of flavonoids-achieved through translation to clinical trials-would provide a novel approach to inculcating flavonoids in managing obesity in the future as this review is limited to animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Shariff Halim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology Mara (UiTM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Zubaidah Hasain
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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14
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Mahboob A, Samuel SM, Mohamed A, Wani MY, Ghorbel S, Miled N, Büsselberg D, Chaari A. Role of flavonoids in controlling obesity: molecular targets and mechanisms. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1177897. [PMID: 37252233 PMCID: PMC10213274 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1177897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a major health challenge that increases the risk of several non-communicable illnesses, such as but not limited to diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, sleep disorders, and cancers. Accounting for nearly 8% of global deaths (4.7 million) in 2017, obesity leads to diminishing quality of life and a higher premature mortality rate among affected individuals. Although essentially dubbed as a modifiable and preventable health concern, prevention, and treatment strategies against obesity, such as calorie intake restriction and increasing calorie burning, have gained little long-term success. In this manuscript, we detail the pathophysiology of obesity as a multifactorial, oxidative stress-dependent inflammatory disease. Current anti-obesity treatment strategies, and the effect of flavonoid-based therapeutic interventions on digestion and absorption, macronutrient metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress and gut microbiota has been evaluated. The use of several naturally occurring flavonoids to prevent and treat obesity with a long-term efficacy, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anns Mahboob
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arif Mohamed
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sofiane Ghorbel
- Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Miled
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Li M, Qian M, Jiang Q, Tan B, Yin Y, Han X. Evidence of Flavonoids on Disease Prevention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020527. [PMID: 36830086 PMCID: PMC9952065 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence highlights the properties of flavonoids in natural foods for disease prevention. Due to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities, flavonoids have been revealed to benefit skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, adipocytes, and neural cells. In this review, we introduced the basic classification, natural sources, and biochemical properties of flavonoids, then summarize the experimental results and underlying molecular mechanisms concerning the effects of flavonoid consumption on obesity, cancers, and neurogenerative diseases that greatly threaten public health. Especially, the dosage and duration of flavonoids intervening in these diseases are discussed, which might guide healthy dietary habits for people of different physical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengqi Qian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-88982446
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16
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Liu S, Liu K, Wang Y, Wu C, Xiao Y, Liu S, Yu J, Ma Z, Liang H, Li X, Li Y, Zhou L. Hesperidin methyl chalcone ameliorates lipid metabolic disorders by activating lipase activity and increasing energy metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166620. [PMID: 36494040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become an increasingly serious health issue with the continuous improvement in living standards. Its prevalence has become an economic burden on health care systems worldwide. Flavonoids have been shown to be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the flavonoid hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC) on mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in vivo and in vitro. Treatment with HMC reduced oleic and palmitic acid-induced increases in intracellular triglyceride accumulation in HepG2, AML12 and LMH cells. HMC also enhanced energy metabolism and lowered oxidative stress. We used Discovery studio to dock key proteins associated with lipid metabolism disorders to HMC, and found that HMC interacted with lipase. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HMC improved lipase activity and lipolysis. In addition, we found that HMC promoted glucose absorption, alleviated lipid metabolic disorders, improved HFD-induced liver injury, and regulated HFD-induced changes in energy metabolism. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that HMC ameliorated HFD-induced obesity and its complications by promoting lipase activity, and provides a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chou Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Jingsu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Zeqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Huanjie Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xiangling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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17
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Wang W, Liu Y, Li Y, Luo B, Lin Z, Chen K, Liu Y. Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health: Clinical evidence and mechanism. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e212. [PMID: 36776765 PMCID: PMC9899878 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, the search for nutritional interventions to underpin cardiovascular treatment and prevention guidelines has contributed to the rapid development of the field of dietary patterns and cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Numerous studies have demonstrated that healthy dietary patterns with emphasis on food-based recommendations are the gold standard for extending lifespan and reducing the risks of CMD and mortality. Healthy dietary patterns include various permutations of energy restriction, macronutrients, and food intake patterns such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, Mediterranean diet, plant-based diets, etc. Early implementation of healthy dietary patterns in patients with CMD is encouraged, but an understanding of the mechanisms by which these patterns trigger cardiometabolic benefits remains incomplete. Hence, this review examined several dietary patterns that may improve cardiometabolic health, including restrictive dietary patterns, regional dietary patterns, and diets based on controlled macronutrients and food groups, summarizing cutting-edge evidence and potential mechanisms for CMD prevention and treatment. Particularly, considering individual differences in responses to dietary composition and nutritional changes in organ tissue diversity, we highlighted the critical role of individual gut microbiota in the crosstalk between diet and CMD and recommend a more precise and dynamic nutritional strategy for CMD by developing dietary patterns based on individual gut microbiota profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Binyu Luo
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhixiu Lin
- Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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Abdelrahman ZR, Bustanji YK, Abdalla SS. Ethanol Extracts of Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat) Seeds, Leaves, and Fruits Have Anti-obesity and Hypolipidemic Effects in Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09731296221137432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a serious public health problem contributing to development of several diseases, including hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. The plant Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat many ailments and traditional healers used it to reduce weight. Objective: To examine the potential anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of ethanol extract of loquat in rats. Materials and Methods: Loquat leaves, fruits, or seeds were extracted with ethanol. About 96 Wistar male rats were fed either a normal rat diet (normal control group; group 1) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks (obese; groups 2−12). Obese rats were divided into11 groups as follows: (obese control: group 2) (obese positive control which received the hypolipidemic reference drug atorvastatin: group 3). Groups (4−6), (7−9), and (10−12) were given seed, leaf, or fruit extract, respectively, at 40,100, and 400 mg/kg. Body weight, serum glucose, lipid profile, creatinine, liver enzymes, albumin, and total protein were measured weekly. Results: HFD consumption significantly increased body weight and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and glucose and decreased HDL compared to rats fed the normal diet. HFD also increased serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine but decreased serum albumin and total protein. Administration of E. japonica seed, leaf, or fruit extract significantly decreased body weight, TC, TGs, LDL, VLDL, glucose, liver, and renal enzymes but increased HDL, albumin, and total protein levels. Conclusion: E. japonica seed, leaf, and fruit ethanol extract regulates body weight gain, has hypolipidemic properties, and positively affects liver and kidney enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab R. Abdelrahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yasser K. Bustanji
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shtaywy S. Abdalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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19
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Piperine attenuates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obesity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutr Res 2022; 108:9-21. [PMID: 36375392 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that pepper consumption is associated with a reduced risk of obesity-related complications. However, whether piperine, the main component of pepper, improves obesity-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance and the action mechanism of piperine still remain unclear. We hypothesized that piperine attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and improves the related metabolic complications in HFD-induced obese rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were fed a control diet (CON) or an HFD for 16 weeks. Obese rats were divided into 4 groups: HFD and HFD with daily gavage of piperine 2.7 mg/kg body weight (PIP-Low), 13.5 mg/kg body weight (PIP-Medium), and 27 mg/kg body weight (PIP-High) for another 8 weeks. Rats were euthanized after an 8-hour fast, and the liver, heart, kidney, and white adipose tissue were collected and stored at -80 °C. Piperine administration significantly reduced weight gain, plasma insulin, and glucose concentration. For oral piperine at a dose of 27 mg/kg body weight, body weight significantly decreased by 5.7% compared with that in the HFD group. Additionally, oral piperine administration considerably reduced serum triglyceride concentration. Furthermore, piperine administration reversed the HFD-induced downregulation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling molecules and increased the plasma levels of adiponectin and the messenger RNA expression of the adiponectin receptor; additionally, it increased the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B. Overall, oral piperine administration reversed HFD-induced liver lipid accumulation and insulin resistance, possibly via the inactivation of adiponectin-AMPK and PI3K-Akt signaling. These findings imply that piperine could serve as an effective agent for healthy weight loss.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Shi C, Wang S, Wang X, Lü X. A review on the potential use of natural products in overweight and obesity. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1990-2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Shuxuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Caihong Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China
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21
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Chen S, Xu M, Zhou M, He Y, Li Y, Lang H, Wei X, Yan L, Xu H. Hibiscus manihot L improves obesity in mice induced by a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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22
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Wang M, Ma W, Wang Q, Yang Q, Yan X, Tang H, Li Z, Li Y, Feng S, Wang Z. Flavonoid-enriched extract from Millettia speciosa Champ prevents obesity by regulating thermogenesis and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:445-459. [PMID: 35154681 PMCID: PMC8825741 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Millettia speciosa (M. speciosa) Champ is a medicinal and edible plant. The roots are rich in flavonoids, which possess multiple biological activities, including lipid-lowering effects. This study aimed to explore the effect of flavonoid-enriched extract from M. speciosa (FMS) on obesity. The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis and chromatographic analysis were adopted to identify flavonoid compounds in FMS. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 3 months and were then treated with FMS (50 or 100 mg/kg/d) or Orlistat (10 mg kg-1 d-1) for another 8 weeks. A total of 35 flavonoids were identified in the extract of M. speciosa root. FMS reduced body weight gain, liver weight gain, white adipose tissue, lipid accumulation, and blood glucose. The levels of TG, ALT, AST, and inflammatory-related adipokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in serum were also reduced by FMS. In addition, FMS promoted thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and induced the activation of lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation in white adipose tissues. In summary, long-term administration of FMS could ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity by stimulating adipose thermogenesis and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao‐Yuan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant DiversityFairy Lake Botanical GardenShenzhen & Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Qing‐Long Wang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Qing Yang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Xia Yan
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Huan Tang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Ying Li
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Ying‐Ying Li
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Xiu Feng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant DiversityFairy Lake Botanical GardenShenzhen & Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Zhu‐Nian Wang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
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23
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Yan R, Zhang X. Analysis of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids modulation on the physiology and gene expression in Enterococcus faecalis under bile salt stress. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:555-563. [PMID: 34951708 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is one of the probiotic groups in the intestinal tract which has varieties of functional effects in the host, such as a protective barrier, nutritional efficacy and antibacterial effects. Stress conditions such as low pH, bile salts, and hypertonicity are inevitable negative factors for the normal survival of E. faecalis in the gastrointestinal tract. Under the stress and inhibition of bile salt, E. faecalis needs specific adaptation and coping style if it wants to successfully colonize the intestine stably. The appropriate concentration of flavonoids can assist probiotics to serve a beneficial role and help them resist the stress of external irresistible environmental factors. In the present research, RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) technology was employed to investigate the influence of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids (CPF) on Enterococcus faecalis 131-2 (E. faecalis 131-2) exposed to bile salt stress. Analysis results revealed that under bile salt stress, many genes related to cellular process, catalytic activity, and transport activity were significantly differentially expressed (P < 0.05), and some not expected variations of which could be partly alleviated by supplementation of CPF, indicating its capacity to improve the bile salt tolerances of E. faecalis 131-2. Additionally, CPF alleviated the obvious inhibitory effects of bile salt stress on the exponential growth of E. faecalis 131-2. An overall view of the physiological and transcriptomic changes of E. faecalis 131-2 under bile salt stresses with or without CPF will further deepen our understanding of the mechanism by which CPF assists E. faecalis 131-2 to perform beneficial functions in the gastrointestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Yan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China
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24
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Ferreira-Lazarte A, Plaza-Vinuesa L, de Las Rivas B, Villamiel M, Muñoz R, Moreno FJ. Production of α-rhamnosidases from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 and their role in deglycosylation of dietary flavonoids naringin and rutin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1093-1102. [PMID: 34780892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This work addresses the amino acid sequence, structural analysis, biochemical characterization and glycosidase activity of two recombinant α-rhamnosidases, Ram1 and Ram2, from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. The substrate specificity of both enzymes towards the disaccharide rutinose and natural dietary flavonoids naringin and rutin was also determined and compared to that of a commercial multienzyme complex (Pectinex Ultra Passover, PPO). Ram1 is a less acidic- and heat-active enzyme than Ram2 and exhibited a high activity towards pNP-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, but it was unable to hydrolyze neither rutinose, naringin or rutin. In contrast, Ram2 enzyme showed a substrate specificity towards α-(1➔6) glycosidic flavonoids, such as rutin, and the disaccharide rutinose. The mechanism of action of Ram2 towards rutin was elucidated and revealed the potential cost-effective and selective production of the monoglycosylated flavonoid isoquercetin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside). PPO efficiently converted both naringin and rutin into their corresponding aglycones. These findings revealed the potential usefulness of PPO for the improvement of sensory properties of beverages through debittering of citrus juices, as well as the potential use of Ram2 to selectively produce isoquercetin, a highly valued and bioactive flavonoid whose production is not currently affordable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Ferreira-Lazarte
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Plaza-Vinuesa
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca de Las Rivas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Villamiel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosario Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Barge S, Deka B, Kashyap B, Bharadwaj S, Kandimalla R, Ghosh A, Dutta PP, Samanta SK, Manna P, Borah JC, Talukdar NC. Astragalin mediates the pharmacological effects of Lysimachia candida Lindl on adipogenesis via downregulating PPARG and FKBP51 signaling cascade. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6990-7003. [PMID: 34734439 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances in different tissue cells and obesity are caused by excessive calorie intake, and medicinal plants are potential sources of phytochemicals for combating these health problems. This study investigated the role of methanolic extract of the folklore medicinal plant Lysimachia candida (LCM) and its phytochemical, astragalin, in managing obesity in vivo and in vitro. Administration of LCM (200 mg/kg/body weight) daily for 140 days significantly decreased both the body weight gain (15.66%) and blood triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in high-fat-diet-fed male Wistar rats but caused no substantial change in leptin and adiponectin levels. The protein expression of adipogenic transcription factors in visceral adipose tissue was significantly reduced. Further, the 3T3-L1 cell-based assay revealed that the butanol fraction of LCM and its isolated compound, astragalin, exhibited antiadipogenic activity through downregulating adipogenic transcription factors and regulatory proteins. Molecular docking studies were performed to depict the possible binding patterns of astragalin to adipogenesis proteins. Overall, we show the potential antiobesity effects of L. candida and its bioactive compound, astragalin, and suggest clinical studies with LCM and astragalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Barge
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Barsha Deka
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Bhaswati Kashyap
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Simanta Bharadwaj
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Raghuram Kandimalla
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aparajita Ghosh
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Partha Pratim Dutta
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
| | - Suman Kumar Samanta
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India
| | - Jagat C Borah
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
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26
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Agastache rugosa Extract and Its Bioactive Compound Tilianin Suppress Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis on 3T3-L1 Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Agastache rugosa, or Korean mint, is an herb used as a spice, food additive and traditional medicinal ingredient. It has desirable effects, such as its antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. A. rugosa contains many phenolic compounds studied for their various health benefits, with the primary components being tilianin. A. rugosa extract (ARE), which was extracted with ethanol and freeze-dried, contained 21.14 ± 0.15 mg/g of tilianin with a total polyphenol content of 38.11 ± 0.88 mg/g. Next, the antiadipogenic effect of A. rugosa and tilianin was clarified using 3T3-L1 cells, which differentiate into adipocytes and develop lipid droplets. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with ARE or tilianin and lipid accumulation (%) was calculated through oil red O staining. Tilianin elicited dose-dependent decrease in lipid accumulation (% of positive control) (30 μM 92.10 ± 1.19%; 50 μM 69.25 ± 1.78%; 70 μM 54.86 ± 1.76%; non-differentiation 18.10 ± 0.32%), assessed by oil-red-O staining, whereas ARE treatments caused consistent diminution in lipid accumulation regardless of dose (100 μM 86.90 ± 4.97%; 200 μM 87.25 ± 4.34%; 400 μM 88.54 ± 2.27%; non-differentiation 17.96 ± 1.30%), indicating that both compounds have anti-obesity effects on adipocytes. Treatment with ARE lowered the mRNA (PPARγ; C/EBPα; FABP4; SREBP1; ACC; FAS) and protein (PPARγ; C/EBPα; SREBP1) levels of adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related factors. Tilianin showed a greater effect on the mRNA levels compared with ARE. Thus, tilianin and ARE may have anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effects on 3T3-L1 cells and be possible candidates of obesity-related supplements.
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27
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Oliveira AKDS, de Oliveira E Silva AM, Pereira RO, Santos AS, Barbosa Junior EV, Bezerra MT, Barreto RSS, Quintans-Junior LJ, Quintans JSS. Anti-obesity properties and mechanism of action of flavonoids: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7827-7848. [PMID: 33970708 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1919051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem, and there is increasing scientific interest in its mechanisms, as well as a search for new compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can minimize the metabolic complications associated with its pathology. One potential source of these compounds is natural products; Among these, flavonoids are a promising group of natural substances. Flavonoids are active constituents with diverse biological activities and are widely found in plants kingdom. Numerous studies have shown that flavonoids can effectively inhibit obesity and related metabolic disorders. The review synthesizes recent evidence in respect of progress in the understanding of the anti-obesity effects of flavonoids. Such effects which occurs through the modulation of proteins, genes and transcriptional factors involved in decreasing lipogenesis, increasing lipolysis, expenditure energy, stimulating fatty acids B-oxidation, digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates. In addition to mitigating inflammatory responses and suppress oxidative stress. A better understanding of the modulating effects and mechanisms of flavonoids in relation to obesity will allow us to better use these compounds to treat or even prevent obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Karoline de Souza Oliveira
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Ana Mara de Oliveira E Silva
- Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mikaella Tuanny Bezerra
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Rosana S S Barreto
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Junior
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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28
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Li F, Wang L, Cai Y, Luo Y, Shi X. Safety assessment of desaminotyrosine: Acute, subchronic oral toxicity, and its effects on intestinal microbiota in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 417:115464. [PMID: 33636197 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the acute and subchronic toxicities of desaminotyrosine (DAT) by oral administration in SD rats and its effects on the intestinal microflora were investigated. The acute toxicity test showed that DAT is a low-toxic substance with a LD50 of 3129 mg/kg. The subchronic toxicity test showed that DAT has no toxicity at a low dose (125 mg/kg/day). However, DAT exhibited obvious toxicities to food intake, liver, kidney, and lung at higher dose (250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day). DAT inhibited the food intake of rats in a dose-dependent manner. Serum biochemical analysis showed that DAT can increase the serum glucose level of rats. Fecal microbiota analysis showed that DAT treatment can significantly change the intestinal microflora of rats, the dose of 125 mg/kg/day has the most significant effect on the diversity of intestinal microbiota. In daily application, the side effects caused by DAT might be gastrointestinal irritation, weight loss, liver or kidney injury, and blood sugar elevation. Based on our study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of DAT is 125 mg/kg BW/day for rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yilei Cai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yihuo Luo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xianai Shi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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29
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Natural Extracts to Augment Energy Expenditure as a Complementary Approach to Tackle Obesity and Associated Metabolic Alterations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030412. [PMID: 33802173 PMCID: PMC7999034 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the epidemic of the 21st century. In developing countries, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, and obesity is occurring at younger ages. Obesity and associated metabolic stress disrupt the whole-body physiology. Adipocytes are critical components of the systemic metabolic control, functioning as an endocrine organ. The enlarged adipocytes during obesity recruit macrophages promoting chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Together with the genetic susceptibility (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) and metabolic alterations at the molecular level, it has been highlighted that key modifiable risk factors, such as those related to lifestyle, contribute to the development of obesity. In this scenario, urgent therapeutic options are needed, including not only pharmacotherapy but also nutrients, bioactive compounds, and natural extracts to reverse the metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Herein, we first summarize the main targetable processes to tackle obesity, including activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and in white adipose tissue (WAT-browning), and the promotion of energy expenditure and/or fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in muscles. Then, we perform a screening of 20 natural extracts (EFSA approved) to determine their potential in the activation of FAO and/or thermogenesis, as well as the increase in respiratory capacity. By means of innovative technologies, such as the study of their effects on cell bioenergetics (Seahorse bioanalyzer), we end up with the selection of four extracts with potential application to ameliorate the deleterious effects of obesity and the chronic associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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30
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Johnson JB, Mani JS, Broszczak D, Prasad SS, Ekanayake CP, Strappe P, Valeris P, Naiker M. Hitting the sweet spot: A systematic review of the bioactivity and health benefits of phenolic glycosides from medicinally used plants. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3484-3508. [PMID: 33615599 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acid and flavonoid glycosides form a varied class of naturally occurring compounds, characterised by high polarity-resulting from the glycone moiety-and the presence of multiple phenol functionalities, which often leads to strong antioxidant activity. Phenolic glycosides, and in particular flavonoid glycosides, may possess strong bioactive properties with broad spectrum activity. This systematic literature review provides a detailed overview of 28 studies examining the biological activity of phenolic and flavonoid glycosides from plant sources, highlighting the potential of these compounds as therapeutic agents. The activity of glycosides depends upon the biological activity type, identity of the aglycone and the identity and specific location of the glycone moiety. From studies reporting the activity of both glycosides and their respective aglycones, phenolic glycosides appear to generally be a storage/reserve pool of precursors of more bioactive compounds. The glycosylated compounds are likely to be more bioavailable compared to their aglycone forms, due to the presence of the sugar moieties. Hydrolysis of the glycoside in the in vivo environment would release the free aglycone, potentiating their biological activity. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of glycosides from many of the plant species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel B Johnson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janice S Mani
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Broszczak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shirtika S Prasad
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Charitha P Ekanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Padraig Strappe
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Valeris
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments (Oceania) Pty Ltd, Rydalmere, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mani Naiker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
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31
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Montalbano G, Maugeri A, Guerrera MC, Miceli N, Navarra M, Barreca D, Cirmi S, Germanà A. A White Grape Juice Extract Reduces Fat Accumulation through the Modulation of Ghrelin and Leptin Expression in an In Vivo Model of Overfed Zebrafish. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041119. [PMID: 33672773 PMCID: PMC7924606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A caloric surplus and a sedentary lifestyle are undoubtedly known to be the leading causes of obesity. Natural products represent valuable allies to face this problematic issue. This study was planned to assess the effect of a white grape (Vitis vinifera) juice extract (WGJe) in diet-induced obese zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish were divided into four different diet groups: (i) normally fed (NF); (ii) overfed (OF); (iii) WGJe-supplemented NF (5 mL/L in fish water); (iv) WGJe-supplemented OF. Body mass index (BMI) was extrapolated each week. After the fourth week, euthanized zebrafish were processed for both microscopic evaluations and gene expression analyses. OF zebrafish showed higher BMI values with respect to NF counterparts, an effect that was hindered by WGJe treatment. Moreover, histological analyses showed that the area of the adipose tissue, as well as the number, size, and density of adipocytes was significantly higher in OF fish. On the other hand, WGJe was able to avoid these outcomes both at the subcutaneous and visceral levels, albeit to different extents. At the gene level, WGJe restored the altered levels of ghrelin and leptin of OF fish both in gut and brain. Overall, our results support the anti-obesity property of WGJe, suggesting its potential role in weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Montalbano
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (N.M.); (M.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Maria Cristina Guerrera
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (N.M.); (M.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (N.M.); (M.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (N.M.); (M.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (N.M.); (M.N.); (D.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.G.); (A.G.)
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Wagner S, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Precision Nutrition to Activate Thermogenesis as a Complementary Approach to Target Obesity and Associated-Metabolic-Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040866. [PMID: 33670730 PMCID: PMC7922953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regarding the pandemic of obesity and chronic diseases associated to metabolic alterations that occur nowadays worldwide, here, we review the most recent studies related to bioactive compounds and diet derived ingredients with potential effects to augment the systemic energy expenditure. We specifically focus in two processes: the activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue and the enhancement of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in muscles. This may provide relevant information to develop diets and supplements to conduct nutritional intervention studies with the objective to ameliorate the metabolic and chronic inflammation in the course of obesity and related disorders. Abstract Obesity is associated to increased incidence and poorer prognosis in multiple cancers, contributing to up to 20% of cancer related deaths. These associations are mainly driven by metabolic and inflammatory changes in the adipose tissue during obesity, which disrupt the physiologic metabolic homeostasis. The association between obesity and hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known. Importantly, the retrospective analysis of more than 1000 epidemiological studies have also shown the positive correlation between the excess of fatness with the risk of cancer. In addition, more important than weight, it is the dysfunctional adipose tissue the main driver of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and all cause of mortality and cancer deaths, which also explains why normal weight individuals may behave as “metabolically unhealthy obese” individuals. Adipocytes also have direct effects on tumor cells through paracrine signaling. Downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of leptin in serum correlate with markers of chronic inflammation, and crown like structures (CLS) associated to the adipose tissue disfunction. Nevertheless, obesity is a preventable risk factor in cancer. Lifestyle interventions might contribute to reduce the adverse effects of obesity. Thus, Mediterranean diet interventional studies have been shown to reduce to circulation inflammatory factors, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular function, with durable responses of up to 2 years in obese patients. Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil reduced the incidence of breast cancer compared with a control diet. Physical activity is another important lifestyle factor which may also contribute to reduced systemic biomarkers of metabolic syndrome associated to obesity. In this scenario, precision nutrition may provide complementary approaches to target the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. Herein, we first describe the different types of adipose tissue -thermogenic active brown adipose tissue (BAT) versus the energy storing white adipose tissue (WAT). We then move on precision nutrition based strategies, by mean of natural extracts derived from plants and/or diet derived ingredients, which may be useful to normalize the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. More specifically, we focus on two axis: (1) the activation of thermogenesis in BAT and browning of WAT; (2) and the potential of augmenting the oxidative capacity of muscles to dissipate energy. These strategies may be particularly relevant as complementary approaches to alleviate obesity associated effects on chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Finally, we summarize main studies where plant derived extracts, mainly, polyphenols and flavonoids, have been applied to increase the energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, Alcorcón, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Sonia Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Medicinal Gardens SL, Marqués de Urquijo 47, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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Nani A, Murtaza B, Sayed Khan A, Khan NA, Hichami A. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Polyphenols Contained in Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Molecular Mechanisms. Molecules 2021; 26:985. [PMID: 33673390 PMCID: PMC7918790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition transition can be defined as shifts in food habits, and it is characterized by high-fat (chiefly saturated animal fat), hypercaloric and salty food consumption at the expense of dietary fibers, minerals and vitamins. Western dietary patterns serve as a model for studying the impact of nutrition transition on civilization diseases, such as obesity, which is commonly associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction can be associated with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation in obesity. NF-κB regulates gene expression of several oxidant-responsive adipokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis and in modulation of metabolic inflammation, can be downregulated by IκB kinase (IKK)-dependent TNF-α activation. On the other hand, adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet is highly encouraged because of its healthy dietary pattern, which includes antioxidant nutraceuticals such as polyphenols. Indeed, hydroxycinnamic derivatives, quercetin, resveratrol, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, which are well known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, exert anti-obesity proprieties. In this review, we highlight the impact of the most common polyphenols from Mediterranean foods on molecular mechanisms that mediate obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, we discuss the effects of these polyphenols on a number of signaling pathways. We note that Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) dietary polyphenols can de-regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) and NF-κB-mediated oxidative stress, and metabolic inflammation. MedDiet polyphenols are also effective in upregulating downstream effectors of several proteins, chiefly AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhafid Nani
- Laboratory of Saharan Natural Resources, African University Ahmed Draia, Adrar 01000, Algeria
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.M.); (A.S.K.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Babar Murtaza
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.M.); (A.S.K.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Amira Sayed Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.M.); (A.S.K.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.M.); (A.S.K.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Aziz Hichami
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.M.); (A.S.K.); (N.A.K.)
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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Chen J, He Z. Dietary Luteolin: A Narrative Review Focusing on Its Pharmacokinetic Properties and Effects on Glycolipid Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1441-1454. [PMID: 33522240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavone subclass of flavonoids, is commonly found in food plants and has multiple biological activities. Recently, evidence is growing with regard to the potential of luteolin intake to beneficially affect glycolipid metabolism disorders (GLMDs), particularly insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. The aim of this contribution is to provide an overview of recent advances in identifying and understanding the pharmacokinetic properties (absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability) of luteolin, its regulatory effects on glycolipid metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms of action of luteolin in the brain, liver, adipose tissues, and other tissues/organs. Collectively, luteolin or its principal metabolites may contribute to counteracting GLMDs, especially for human obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Sun X, Vidyarthi SK, Zhang R. Active components and antioxidant activity of thirty-seven varieties of Chinese jujube fruits ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1977656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai An, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai An, China
| | - Sriram K. Vidyarthi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Research and Development, the Morning Star Company, Woodland, California, USA
| | - Rentang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai An, China
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Role of Flavonoids in The Interactions among Obesity, Inflammation, and Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110342. [PMID: 33114725 PMCID: PMC7692407 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity is considered as one of the main concerns for public health worldwide, since it encompasses up to 39% of overweight and 13% obese (WHO) adults. It develops because of the imbalance in the energy intake/expenditure ratio, which leads to excess nutrients and results in dysfunction of adipose tissue. The hypertrophy of adipocytes and the nutrients excess trigger the induction of inflammatory signaling through various pathways, among others, an increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, and stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A better understanding of obesity and preventing its complications are beneficial for obese patients on two facets: treating obesity, and treating and preventing the pathologies associated with it. Hitherto, therapeutic itineraries in most cases are based on lifestyle modifications, bariatric surgery, and pharmacotherapy despite none of them have achieved optimal results. Therefore, diet can play an important role in the prevention of adiposity, as well as the associated disorders. Recent results have shown that flavonoids intake have an essential role in protecting against oxidative damage phenomena, and presents biochemical and pharmacological functions beneficial to human health. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the anti-inflammatory actions and autophagic flux of natural flavonoids, and their molecular mechanisms for preventing and/or treating obesity.
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Rufino AT, Costa VM, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Flavonoids as antiobesity agents: A review. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:556-585. [PMID: 33084093 DOI: 10.1002/med.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects all age groups in both developing and developed countries. In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached pandemic levels, resulting in a dramatic increase in the incidence of various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, consequently leading to massive health and socioeconomic burdens. Together with lifestyle changes, antiobesity pharmacotherapy is gaining momentum as an adjunctive treatment. However, the available pharmacological approaches have limited use owing to either significant adverse effects or low efficacy. Over the years, natural products have been an important source of lead compounds for drug discovery. Among these, flavonoids are associated with important biological effects and health-promoting activities. In this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of flavonoids on obesity and their potential mechanisms of action. The literature strongly suggests that most common flavonoids demonstrate a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by their ability to lower body weight, fat mass, and plasma triglycerides/cholesterol, both in in vitro and in vivo models. The impact of flavonoids on obesity can be observed through different mechanisms: reducing food intake and fat absorption, increasing energy expenditure, modulating lipid metabolism, or regulating gut microbiota profile. A better understanding of the known antiobesity mechanisms of flavonoids will enable their potential use to treat this medical condition. Therefore, this review focuses on the putative biological mechanisms through which flavonoids may prevent or treat obesity and highlights new perspectives on future pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera M Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Molocea CE, Tsokanos FF, Herzig S. Exploiting common aspects of obesity and cancer cachexia for future therapeutic strategies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 53:101-116. [PMID: 32871469 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and cancer cachexia are diseases at opposite ends of the BMI. However, despite the apparent dichotomy, these pathologies share some common underlying mechanisms that lead to profound metabolic perturbations. Insulin resistance, adipose tissue lipolysis, skeletal muscle atrophy and systemic inflammation are key players in both diseases. Several strategies for pharmacological treatments have been employed in obesity and cancer cachexia but demonstrated only limited effects. Therefore, there is still a need to develop novel, more effective strategies. In this review we summarize existing therapies and discuss potential novel strategies that could arise by bridging common aspects between obesity and cachexia. We discuss the potential role of macrophage manipulation and the modulation of inflammation by targeting Nuclear Receptors (NRs) as potential novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia-Eveline Molocea
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Foivos-Filippos Tsokanos
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University, Munich, Germany.
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Protective effect of leaf extract of Abutilon indicum on DNA damage and peripheral blood lymphocytes in combating the oxidative stress. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:943-950. [PMID: 32792839 PMCID: PMC7414073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research explores in vitro antioxidant characteristics, radiation-induced DNA damage protection and quenching effects of the oxidative stress by the ethanolic leaf extract of Abutilon indicum (EEAI) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). PBLs were incubated with various concentrations of EEAI accompanied by pre- and post-treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Cell viability was investigated by MTT assay. In addition, quenching of free radicals were measured in vitro using DPPH, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, reducing power and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays. These activities were compared with ascorbic acid as standard antioxidants. Furthermore, inhibition of UV radiation-induced strand break formation in plasmid pBR322 DNA and anti-Fenton reactions in calf thymus DNA was evaluated. Cytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide on PBLs were significantly reduced with EEAI pre-treatment compared to post-treatment in a dose-dependent manner comparable with similar cytoprotective effects of ascorbic acid (p > 0.05). EEAI has shown strong antioxidant effects in the scavenging of DPPH, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. EEAI also has a strong protective effect of UV-induced plasmid pBR322 DNA cleavage and Fenton-induced DNA damage. Overall, the results revealed that Abutilon indicum has a cytoprotective, potent antioxidant and DNA protective effect that provide pharmacological credence to justify its overall biological activity. Furthermore, future studies to identifying bioactive molecules and its molecular mechanisms responsible for promising therapeutic applications in the rescue of disease-induced cellular oxidative damage.
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du Preez R, Wanyonyi S, Mouatt P, Panchal SK, Brown L. Saskatoon Berry Amelanchier alnifolia Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Improves Cardiovascular and Liver Signs of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040931. [PMID: 32230955 PMCID: PMC7231198 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia) is a potential functional food containing anthocyanins and flavonols, as well as ellagitannins and phenolic acids. We have determined the potential therapeutic effects of Saskatoon berry in diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Nine- to ten-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups. Two groups were fed on control diets, either corn starch (C) or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (H) respectively, for 16 weeks. Two further groups were fed on C or H diet for 16 weeks with Saskatoon berry powder added to the diet for the final 8 weeks (CSSK, HSSK). After 16 weeks, H rats showed symptoms of metabolic syndrome, including increased body weight, visceral adiposity, systolic blood pressure, cardiac fibrosis, plasma concentrations of triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, and plasma activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. Saskatoon berry intervention normalised body weight and adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, decreased systolic blood pressure, improved heart and liver structure and function with decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells, and decreased plasma total cholesterol. Further, Saskatoon berry normalised liver expression of hexokinase 1 and glycogen phosphorylase and increased glucose 6-phosphatase relative to H rats. These results suggest that Saskatoon berry regulates glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis to improve metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan du Preez
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (R.d.P.); (S.W.); (S.K.P.)
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Stephen Wanyonyi
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (R.d.P.); (S.W.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Peter Mouatt
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Sunil K. Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (R.d.P.); (S.W.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (R.d.P.); (S.W.); (S.K.P.)
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3812-6366
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Wang M, Liu X, Zhang Z, Yu J, Liu J, Wu Y. Phytochemicals and bioactive analysis of different sweet tea (Lithocarpus litseifolius [Hance] Chun) varieties. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13183. [PMID: 32180255 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the constituent phytochemicals and biological activities of six Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun (L. litseifolius) cultivars. Processed by UPLC-MS/MS and untargeted metabolomics analysis software (MS-DIAL and MS-FINDER), components of different L. litseifolius cultivars were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of spectra, MS/MS fragmentation, and retention time, 40 compounds (including 6 phenolic glycosides and 34 flavonoids) were identified rapidly and accurately. Moreover, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant, antimicrobial effects, and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell viability of different L. litseifolius varieties were evaluated. Purple small leaf (PSL) was found to be the most superior variety with the highest antioxidant activities (8.27, 10.09, and 10.80 mg TE/g for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, respectively), broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and lowest cell cytotoxicity. The results showed that these bioactivities were closely related to phytochemicals among the six cultivars. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: L. litseifolius is well known as an important folk drink in the Southern China folklore for its specific efficacy in preventing diabetes. However, there is still a paucity of information on L. litseifolius, as other active components and bioactivities of it remain to be investigated. The wide range of flavonoids discovered in L. litseifolius provides abundant natural health-promoting agents for further applications in medicine and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zejie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Effective Utilizing of Wood & Bamboo Resources, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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Song D, Yang CS, Zhang X, Wang Y. The relationship between host circadian rhythms and intestinal microbiota: A new cue to improve health by tea polyphenols. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:139-148. [PMID: 31997655 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1719473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Under the control of the host circadian rhythms, intestinal microbiota undergoes dietary-dependent diurnal fluctuations in composition and function. In addition, microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining the host circadian rhythms and metabolic homeostasis. The interactions between host circadian rhythms and intestinal microbiota suggest that intervention with prebiotics or probiotic is a possible way to alleviate circadian rhythm misalignment and related metabolic diseases. This review discusses the circadian rhythm oscillations of gut flora, relationship between host circadian rhythms and microbiome and related effects on metabolism. The influence on circadian rhythms by the interactions between tea polyphenols (TP) and intestinal microbiota is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
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43
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Alsamhary K, Al-Enazi N, Alshehri WA, Ameen F. Gold nanoparticles synthesised by flavonoid tricetin as a potential antibacterial nanomedicine to treat respiratory infections causing opportunistic bacterial pathogens. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103928. [PMID: 31843547 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, flavonoid tricetin was used as a reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Further, the antibacterial efficacy of the synthesised AuNPs was evaluated against the opportunistic bacterial pathogens that cause respiratory infections. The optimum levels for the synthesis of AuNPs were found to be pH 8, temperature 30 °C, tricetin 125 μM and chloroauric acid 250 μM. The tricetin synthesised AuNPs exhibited in spherical shape with an average size of 12 nm. FT-IR results confirmed that the hydroxyl (OH) and carbonyl (CO) groups of tricetin were mainly participated in the synthesis of AuNPs. The opportunistic bacterial pathogens isolated from immunocompromised patients suffering with different respiratory infections were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Bacillus licheniformis, Escherichia fergusonii, Acinetobacter pittii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas enteropelogenes and Proteus mirabilis. The antibacterial studies confirmed the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of AuNPs against the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The synthesised AuNPs showed high biocompatibility on primary normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF-c) cells up to 50 μM mL-1. Best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of AuNPs using tricetin, which may be a potential antibacterial nanomedicine to treat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Alsamhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nouf Al-Enazi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa A Alshehri
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Aron-Wisnewsky J, Clément K. A place for vitamin supplementation and functional food in bariatric surgery? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:442-448. [PMID: 31589176 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article summarizes recent literature concerning vitamin deficiency and required supplementation post-bariatric surgery, focusing on vitamin D (and associated clinical adverse effect on bone loss) and on the potential implication of the gut microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS Bariatric surgery induces weight loss and metabolic improvements yet with major inter-individual variability. If it is efficient in most patients, some display poor response (i.e. patients with the lowest weight loss at 1 year or weight regain afterwards, or patients without metabolic disease remission). Despite systematic vitamin supplementation, some patients develop vitamin deficiencies leading to poor clinical outcomes, among which vitamin D deficiency associated with observed bone mass loss and fractures. Recent mechanistic studies led to understand better the involved physiopathology. Furthermore, different intervention studies tested on top of bariatric surgery (using vitamin, diet, or nutrients acting as functional food) have evaluated whether nutritional adverse outcomes could be improved. Importantly, gut microbiota involved in food digestion and metabolization and vitamin synthesis is largely perturbed during severe obesity and is partially restored post-surgery, yet again with large interindividual variability. Whether differential gut microbiota modification could be associated with vitamin deficiencies is an open question. SUMMARY Future clinical research studies will need to evaluate whether add-on intervention to bariatric surgery using vitamin, diet, or specific food items could help prevent nutritional deficiencies and improve clinical response observed post-surgery. Importantly, personalizing the add-on intervention post-surgery upon gut microbiota composition should be tested in predicted poor-responders to surgery as already performed during diet intervention to further improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities, Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities, Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France
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