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Gökçek İ. Cardioprotective effect of oleuropein in a cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity model in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3403-3410. [PMID: 37955692 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the cardioprotective effect of oleuropein against cisplatin-induced cardiac damage in terms of inflammatory, oxidative stress and cardiac parameters. In this study, 40 female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, cisplatin, oleuropein and cisplatin+oleuropein. To establish the experimental model, oleuropein (200 mg/kg) was administered for 14 days and cisplatin (7 mg/kg) was administered as a single dose on the seventh day. Cisplatin increased MDA cardiac parameters (CK, CK-MB and cTnI) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in cardiac tissue and decreased GSH, GSH-Px and catalase levels. On the other hand, oleuropein improved cardiac parameters and decreased inflammatory cytokine and oxidative stress levels in cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- İshak Gökçek
- Veterinary Faculty, Veterinary Physiology Department, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, 31000, Turkey.
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Şahin S, Şahin E, Esenülkü G, Renda G, Gürgen SG, Alver A, Abidin İ, Cansu A. Oleuropein Has Modulatory Effects on Systemic Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation in Male Rats. J Nutr 2024; 154:1282-1297. [PMID: 38403251 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation induced by systemic inflammation is a risk factor for developing chronic neurologic disorders. Oleuropein (OLE) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effect on systemic inflammation-related neuroinflammation is unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether OLE protects against systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in rats. METHODS Six-wk-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 5 groups: 1) control, 2) OLE-only, 3) LPS + vehicle, 4) OLE+LPS (O-LPS), and 5) a single-dose OLE + LPS (SO-LPS group). OLE 200 mg/kg or saline as a vehicle was administered via gavage for 7 d. On the seventh day, 2.5 mg/kg LPS was intraperitoneally administered. The rats were decapitated after 24 h of LPS treatment, and serum collection and tissue dissection were performed. The study assessed astrocyte and microglial activation using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD11b immunohistochemistry, nod-like receptor protein-3, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17A, and IL-4 concentrations in prefrontal and hippocampal tissues via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and total antioxidant/oxidant status (TAS/TOS) in serum and tissues via spectrophotometry. RESULTS In both the O-LPS and SO-LPS groups, LPS-related activation of microglia and astrocytes was suppressed in the cortex and hippocampus (P < 0.001), excluding cortical astrocyte activation, which was suppressed only in the SO-LPS group (P < 0.001). Hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity and IL-17A concentrations in the dentate gyrus were higher in the OLE group than those in the control group, but LPS-related increases in these concentrations were suppressed in the O-LPS group. The O-LPS group had higher cortical TAS and IL-4 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS OLE suppressed LPS-related astrocyte and microglial activation in the hippocampus and cortex. The OLE-induced increase in cortical IL-4 concentrations indicates the induction of an anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia. OLE may also modulate astrocyte and IL-17A functions, which could explain its opposing effects on hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity and IL-17A concentrations when administered with or without LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Şahin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Elif Şahin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Esenülkü
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Trabzon Kanuni Training, and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gülin Renda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Seren Gülşen Gürgen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - İsmail Abidin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ali Cansu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Erbaş E, Gelen V, Kara H, Gedikli S, Yeşildağ A, Özkanlar S, Akarsu SA. Silver Nanoparticles Loaded with Oleuropein Reduce Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Damage by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Apoptosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04058-y. [PMID: 38197904 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most used chemotherapeutic agent for treating solid tumors. DOX treatment may lead to testicular damage using oxidative stress, resulting in infertility. These adverse effects may be prevented by the activation of antioxidant systems. Oleuropein (OLE) is a powerful flavonoid with several ameliorative effects, including antioxidative, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory. It would be more efficient and applicable in treating chronic human diseases if its poor bioavailability improves with a nano-delivery system. The current study aims to assess the histopathological changes and antioxidative effects of OLE loaded with silver nanoparticles oleuropein (OLE-AgNP) on the testicular injury triggered by DOX in rats. Forty-eight male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows: the control, DOX (2.5 mg/kg), OLE (50 mg/kg), AgNP (100 mg/kg), OLE + AgNP (50 mg/kg), OLE (50 mg/kg) + DOX (2.5 mg/kg), AgNP (100 mg/kg) + DOX (2.5 mg/kg), and OLE-AgNP (50 mg/kg) + DOX (2.5 mg/kg) for 11 days. Oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, sperm analysis, and histopathological analyses were performed on testicular tissues taken from rats decapitated after the applications and compared between the experimental groups. The tissue MDA level was lower in the OLE and OLE+AgNP-treated groups than in the DOX-treated group. In addition, SOD and GSH levels significantly increased in both the OLE and OLE+AgNP-treated groups compared to the DOX group. Both OLE and OLE+AgNP, particularly OLE+AgNP, ameliorated DOX-induced testicular tissue injury, as evidenced by reduced injury and improved seminiferous tubules and spermatocyte area. In addition, OLE and OLE+AgNP, especially OLE+AgNP, inhibited DOX-induced testicular tissue inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The findings suggest that nanotechnology and the production of OLE+AgNP can ameliorate DOX-induced testicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Erbaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Volkan Gelen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Hülya Kara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Semin Gedikli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Yeşildağ
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Seçkin Özkanlar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ali Akarsu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Reyes-Goya C, Santana-Garrido Á, Espinosa-Martín P, Vázquez CM, Mate A. Wild and cultivated olive trees: Nutraceutical insights of extra virgin olive oils in cardiovascular and ocular diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166904. [PMID: 37793462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from Olea europaea (cultivated olive tree) and the oil obtained from the wild olive variety or acebuche (ACE oil from Olea oleaster) contain an extraordinary number of bioactive molecules. These include oleic acid, sterols, tocopherols, triterpene compounds, and polyphenols. Both oils are known for their healthy properties and are considered to be a nutraceutical tool against cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension, preeclampsia, and ocular diseases such as glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy. The benefits of EVOO and ACE oil stem from their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. They also have potential as prebiotic compounds. In this update, we synthesise and illustrate the various characteristics and beneficial effects of olive oils from different varieties of olive trees, with special emphasis on Olea oleaster, also known as Olea europaea, L. var. sylvestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reyes-Goya
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Á Santana-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Espinosa-Martín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - C M Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - A Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Benčić Đ, Barbarić M, Mornar A, Klarić DA, Brozovic A, Dabelić S, Fadljević M, Marković AK. Oleuropein in olive leaf, branch, and stem extracts: stability and biological activity in human cervical carcinoma and melanoma cells. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:601-616. [PMID: 38147483 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Olive leaves as a main byproduct of olive oil and fruit industry are a valuable source of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, with multiple biomedical effects. Apart from leaves, olive branches and stems make up a significant amount of olive waste. It is well known that the drying process and long-term storage affect the stability and concentration of polyphenols present in raw materials. For that matter, two different means of storing olive waste, at room temperature and +4 °C, were compared by determining the content of the polyphenol oleuropein (OLE) in olive leaf, branch, and stem extracts (LE, BE, and SE) by HPLC-DAD method. Total phenols (TPC), o-diphenols (o-DPC), and total flavonoids (TFC) content in extracts were assessed by UV-Vis measurements. LE prepared from leaves stored at +4 °C had the highest OLE content, 30.7 mg g-1 of dry extract (DE). SE from stems stored at +4 °C was the richest in TPC and TFC (193 mg GAE/g DE and 82.9 mg CE/g DE, respectively), due to the higher purity of the extract. The biological activity of extracts was determined on cervical cancer (HeLa), melanoma (A375), metastatic melanoma (A375M) tumor cell lines, and on spontaneously immortalized cell line of keratinocytes (HaCaT), using the MTT assay. The data show that all extracts had a similar dose-dependent effect on cell viability in HeLa cells, while the effect of LE on melanoma A375 and A375M, and HaCaT cells was cell-line dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đani Benčić
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Barbarić
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Mornar
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Sanja Dabelić
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Fadljević
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Malliou F, Andriopoulou CE, Kofinas A, Katsogridaki A, Leondaritis G, Gonzalez FJ, Michaelidis TM, Darsinou M, Skaltsounis LA, Konstandi M. Oleuropein Promotes Neural Plasticity and Neuroprotection via PPARα-Dependent and Independent Pathways. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2250. [PMID: 37626746 PMCID: PMC10452728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein (OLE), a main constituent of olives, displays a pleiotropic beneficial dynamic in health and disease; the effects are based mainly on its antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties, and its capacity to protect the myocardium during ischemia. Furthermore, OLE activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) in neurons and astrocytes, providing neuroprotection against noxious biological reactions that are induced following cerebral ischemia. The current study investigated the effect of OLE in the regulation of various neural plasticity indices, emphasizing the role of PPARα. For this purpose, 129/Sv wild-type (WT) and Pparα-null mice were treated with OLE for three weeks. The findings revealed that chronic treatment with OLE up-regulated the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice via activation of the ERK1/2, AKT and PKA/CREB signaling pathways. No similar effects were observed in the hippocampus. The OLE-induced effects on BDNF and TrkB appear to be mediated by PPARα, because no similar alterations were observed in the PFC of Pparα-null mice. Notably, OLE did not affect the neurotrophic factors NT3 and NT4/5 in both brain tissues. However, fenofibrate, a selective PPARα agonist, up-regulated BDNF and NT3 in the PFC of mice, whereas the drug induced NT4/5 in both brain sites tested. Interestingly, OLE provided neuroprotection in differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells against β-amyloid and H2O2 toxicity independently from PPARα activation. In conclusion, OLE and similar drugs, acting either as PPARα agonists or via PPARα independent mechanisms, could improve synaptic function/plasticity mainly in the PFC and to a lesser extent in the hippocampus, thus beneficially affecting cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Malliou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Christina E. Andriopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Aristeidis Kofinas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Allena Katsogridaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - George Leondaritis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
- Institute of Biosciences (I.BS.), University Research Center of Ioannina (U.R.C.I.), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Theologos M. Michaelidis
- Department of Biological Applications & Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (T.M.M.); (M.D.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Marousa Darsinou
- Department of Biological Applications & Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (T.M.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Leandros A. Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
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Scicchitano S, Vecchio E, Battaglia AM, Oliverio M, Nardi M, Procopio A, Costanzo F, Biamonte F, Faniello MC. The Double-Edged Sword of Oleuropein in Ovarian Cancer Cells: From Antioxidant Functions to Cytotoxic Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010842. [PMID: 36614279 PMCID: PMC9821453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein plays a key role as a pro-oxidant as well as an antioxidant in cancer. In this study, the activity of oleuropein, in an in vitro model of ovarian (OCCs) and breast cancer cells (BCCs) was investigated. Cell viability and cell death were analyzed. Oxidative stress was measured by CM-H2DCFDA flow cytometry assay. Mitochondrial dysfunction was evaluated based on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GPX4 protein levels. Further, the effects on iron metabolism were analyzed by measuring the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP). We confirmed that high doses of oleuropein show anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity on HEY and MCF-7 cells. Moreover, our results indicate that low doses of oleuropein impair cell viability without affecting the mortality of cells, and also decrease the LIP and ROS levels, keeping them unchanged in MCF-7 cells. For the first time, our data show that low doses of oleuropein reduce erastin-mediated cell death. Interestingly, oleuropein decreases the levels of intracellular ROS and LIP in OCCs treated with erastin. Noteworthily, we observed an increased amount of ROS scavenging enzyme GPX4 together with a consistent reduction in mitochondrial ROS, confirming a reduction in oxidative stress in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Scicchitano
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Martina Battaglia
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Science, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Health Science, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Science, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Faniello
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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The Multiple Sclerosis Modulatory Potential of Natural Multi-Targeting Antioxidants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238402. [PMID: 36500494 PMCID: PMC9740750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease. Although its pathogenesis is rather vague in some aspects, it is well known to be an inflammatory process characterized by inflammatory cytokine release and oxidative burden, resulting in demyelination and reduced remyelination and axonal survival together with microglial activation. Antioxidant compounds are gaining interest towards the manipulation of MS, since they offer, in most of the cases, many benefits, due to their pleiotropical activity, that mainly derives from the oxidative stress decrease. This review analyzes research articles, of the last decade, which describe biological in vitro, in vivo and clinical evaluation of various categories of the most therapeutically applied natural antioxidant compounds, and some of their derivatives, with anti-MS activity. It also summarizes some of the main characteristics of MS and the role the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may have in its progression, as well as their relation with the other mechanistic aspects of the disease, in order for the multi-targeting potential of those antioxidants to be defined and the source of origination of such activity explained. Antioxidant compounds with specific characteristics are expected to affect positively some aspects of the disease, and their potential may render them as effective candidates for neurological impairment reduction in combination with the MS treatment regimen. However, more studies are needed in order such antioxidants to be established as recommended treatment to MS patients.
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Grubić Kezele T, Ćurko-Cofek B. Neuroprotective Panel of Olive Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action, Anti-Demyelination, and Anti-Stroke Properties. Nutrients 2022; 14:4533. [PMID: 36364796 PMCID: PMC9654510 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases such as stroke and multiple sclerosis are associated with high morbidity and mortality, long-term disability, and social and economic burden. Therefore, they represent a major challenge for medical treatment. Numerous evidences support the beneficial effects of polyphenols from olive trees, which can alleviate or even prevent demyelination, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular diseases, and stroke. Polyphenols from olive oils, especially extra virgin olive oil, olive leaves, olive leaf extract, and from other olive tree derivatives, alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress, two major factors in demyelination. In addition, they reduce the risk of stroke due to their multiple anti-stroke effects, such as anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, and anti-thrombotic effects. In addition, olive polyphenols have beneficial effects on the plasma lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity in obese individuals. This review provides an updated version of the beneficial properties and mechanisms of action of olive polyphenols against demyelination in the prevention/mitigation of multiple sclerosis, the most common non-traumatic neurological cause of impairment in younger adults, and against cerebral insult with increasing incidence, that has already reached epidemic proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grubić Kezele
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Tariq U, Butt MS, Pasha I, Faisal MN. Prophylactic role of olive fruit extract against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress in Sprague-Dawley rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:545-560. [PMID: 35951259 PMCID: PMC9485526 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure increases the production of free radicals leading to initiation of several pathological conditions by triggering the oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade. Olive fruit owing to its unique phytochemical composition possesses antioxidant, immune modulatory, and anti-inflammatory potential. Considering the compositional alterations in olive fruits during ripening, the current experimental trail was designed to investigate the prophylactic role of green and black olives against the oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke exposure in rats. Purposely, rats were divided into five different groups: NC (negative control; normal diet), PC [positive control; normal diet + smoke exposure (SE)], drug (normal diet + SE + citalopram), GO (normal diet + SE + green olive extract), and BO (normal diet + SE + black olive extract). Rats of all groups were exposed to cigarette smoke except "NC" and were sacrificed for collection of blood and organs after 28 days of experimental trial. The percent reduction in total oxidative stress by citalopram and green and black olive extracts in serum was 29.72, 58.69, and 57.97%, respectively, while the total antioxidant capacity increased by 30.78, 53.94, and 43.98%, accordingly in comparison to PC. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced by 29.63, 42.59, and 45.70% in drug, GO, and BO groups, respectively. Likewise, green and black olive extracts reduced the leakage of hepatic enzymes in sera, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 23.44 and 25.80% and 35.62 and 37.61%, alanine transaminase (ALT) by 42.68 and 24.39% and 51.04 and 35.41%, and aspartate transaminase (AST) by 31.51 and 16.07% and 40.50 and 27.09% from PC and drug group, respectively. Additionally, olive extracts also maintained the antioxidant pool, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in serum. Furthermore, histological examination revealed that olive extracts prevented the cigarette smoke-induced necrosis, pyknotic alterations, and congestion in the lung, hepatic, and renal parenchyma. Besides, gene expression analysis revealed that olive extracts and citalopram decreased the brain and lung damage caused by stress-induced upregulation of NRF-2 and MAPK signaling pathways. Hence, it can be concluded that olives (both green and black) can act as promising antioxidant in alleviating the cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urwa Tariq
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Imran Pasha
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Bounegru AV, Apetrei C. Sensitive Detection of Hydroxytyrosol in Extra Virgin Olive Oils with a Novel Biosensor Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Tyrosinase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169132. [PMID: 36012400 PMCID: PMC9409382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is an important marker for the authenticity and quality assessment of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO). The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative determination of hydroxytyrosol in commercial extra virgin olive oils of different origins and varieties using a newly developed biosensor based on a screen-printed electrode modified with single-layer carbon nanotubes and tyrosinase (SPE-SWCNT-Ty). The enzyme was immobilized on a carbon-based screen-printed electrode previously modified with single-layer carbon nanotubes (SPE-SWCNT-Ty) by the drop-and-dry method, followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The modified electrode surface was characterized by different methods, including electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) and spectrometric (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy) methods. Cyclic voltammetry was used for the quantitative determination of HT, obtaining a detection limit of 3.49 × 10−8 M and a quantification limit of 1.0 × 10−7 M, with a wide linearity range (0.49–15.602 µM). The electrochemical performance of the SPE-SWCNT-Ty biosensor was compared with that of the modified SPE-SWCNT sensor, and the results showed increased selectivity and sensitivity of the biosensor due to the electrocatalytic activity of tyrosinase. The results obtained from the quantitative determination of HT showed that commercial EVOOs contain significant amounts of HT, proving the high quality of the finished products. The determination of the antiradical activity of HT was carried out spectrophotometrically using the free reagent galvinoxyl. The results showed that there is a very good correlation between the antiradical capacity of EVOOs, the voltammetric response and implicitly the increased concentration of HT. SPE-SWCNT-Ty has multiple advantages such as sensitivity, selectivity, feasibility and low cost and could be used in routine analysis for quality control of food products such as vegetable oils.
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Juvenile patients with the homozygous MTHFR C677T genotype develop ischemic stroke 5 years earlier than wild type. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2022; 54:330-338. [PMID: 35917096 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-022-02678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
To compare age at 1st ischaemic stroke (IS) in a cohort of juvenile (< 46 years of age) IS patients evaluated for the rs1801133 polymorphism (C → T677) of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene; to identify predictors of age at IS and of type of cerebral vessel involvement, small vessel disease (SVD) vs large vessel disease (LVD) responsible for the IS; to evaluate possible associations between other clinical and laboratory variables. Retrospective cohort study on 82 MTHFR TT, 54 MTHFR TC and 34 MTHFR CC participants; data regarding age, sex, age at IS, history of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, migraine and homocysteine (HC) as well as neuroimaging were collected. Age at IS was lower in MTHFR TT than MTHFR TC and CC (35 ± 4 vs 38 ± 0 vs 40 ± 3 years, respectively, p = 0.002); plasma HC (median, interquartile range) was higher in MTHFR TT than in the other groups [16.7 (11.8, 28.6) vs 11.4 (8.2, 16.1) vs 9.8 (7.9, 1.3) respectively, p < 0.0001)] and was higher in SVD than LVD [17.4 (12.4, 32.5) vs 11.4 (8.8, 16.4) p < 0.0001]. MTHFR TT independently predicted age at IS (p = 0.0008) alongside smoking both as a categorical (p = 0.003) or continuous variable (p = 0.02), whereas HC independently predicted SVD as categorical (p = 0.01) and continuous variable (p < 0.0001). Smoking positively predicted plasma HC (p = 0.005) and negatively the activated partial thromboplastin ratio (aPTTr) (p = 0.02). Juvenile IS carriers of the MTHFR TT genotype develop their 1st occlusion on average 5 years earlier compared to the CC genotype; smoking contributes to this prematurity adversely affecting plasma HC and coagulation whereas plasma HC predicts IS secondary to SVD. Public health campaigns against smoking should highlight the prematurity of IS in the juvenile population.
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Jiménez-Sánchez A, Martínez-Ortega AJ, Remón-Ruiz PJ, Piñar-Gutiérrez A, Pereira-Cunill JL, García-Luna PP. Therapeutic Properties and Use of Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Clinical Nutrition: A Narrative Review and Literature Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071440. [PMID: 35406067 PMCID: PMC9003415 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet (MedD). In this narrative review, we synthesize and illustrate the various characteristics and clinical applications of EVOO and its components—such as oleic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and oleuropein—in the field of clinical nutrition and dietetics. The evidence is split into diet therapy, oleic acid-based enteral nutrition formulations and oral supplementation formulations, oleic acid-based parenteral nutrition, and nutraceutical supplementation of minor components of EVOO. EVOO has diverse beneficial health properties, and current evidence supports the use of whole EVOO in diet therapy and the supplementation of its minor components to improve cardiovascular health, lipoprotein metabolism, and diabetes mellitus in clinical nutrition. Nevertheless, more intervention studies in humans are needed to chisel specific recommendations for its therapeutic use through different formulations in other specific diseases and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Jiménez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.J.-S.); (P.P.G.-L.)
| | - Antonio Jesús Martínez-Ortega
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Torrecárdenas, C. Hermandad de Donantes de Sangre, s/n, 04009 Almería, Spain
| | - Pablo Jesús Remón-Ruiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Ana Piñar-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - José Luis Pereira-Cunill
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Pedro Pablo García-Luna
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.J.-S.); (P.P.G.-L.)
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