1
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Ortiz BT, Rodríguez D, Restrepo S. Prevalence and risk factors of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in fresh chicken carcasses from retail sites in Bogotá, Colombia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26356. [PMID: 38420476 PMCID: PMC10900410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common causes of foodborne gastroenteritis. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli species in fresh chicken carcasses for human consumption from farmers' markets and small food stores in seven localities of Bogotá, Colombia. Ninety-one samples of fresh chicken carcasses were collected from farmers' markets and small food stores at seven localities in Bogotá. Samples were tested for Campylobacter using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real time PCR) and isolation by plating. To analyze possible risk factors associated with Campylobacter spp. contamination in retail chicken carcasses, information was collected using a structured questionnaire and a univariate logistic regression analysis (α = 0.05) was used. Forty-two positive samples were obtained for Campylobacter spp., given a prevalence of 46.2%, of which 54.8% were to C. jejuni, 9.52% to C. coli and 35.7% to joint contaminations. C. jejuni was the most prevalent species. Risk factors found included poor cleanliness, in frequency of disinfection, type of establishment, and direct contact of chickens with other food. This study is the first report in the country on the prevalence and risk factors of Campylobacter in retail chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigithe Tatiana Ortiz
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Deyci Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Silvia Restrepo
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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2
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Kilci Z, Cetin RU, Ates K, Tutak D. An innovative application developed to determine the blood output of chickens and its impact on the meat quality in poultry slaughtering. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103080. [PMID: 37804697 PMCID: PMC10570120 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimizing blood loss during the slaughtering process is crucial for obtaining high-quality meat, as the presence of meat blood can lead to a reduction in shelf life and negative sensory evaluation by consumers. Moreover, the high water and nutritional content of the meat, along with its appropriate pH value, necessitate careful consideration of the remaining blood, as it can support microbial spoilage of chicken meat. In this context the effects of making an extra cut on conventionally halal-slaughtered broiler's leg which had an extra cut at the cartilage point where the drumstick and the claw part meet, before the bloodletting process were analysed. The results of the analysis indicate that making an additional cut on the drumsticks does not adversely affect the overall quality of chicken meat. Determination of peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) analyses were performed to analyze the degree of lipid oxidation. The PV and the TBARS value were higher in the drumsticks which have extra cut compared to the uncut samples. L*, a*, and b* values of extra cut thigh meats are higher. However, considering the storage period, the ninth day values in the cut thigh meats were found to be lower than the first day results of the chickens drumsticks do not have an extra cut procedure. As the storage period of chicken drumsticks progressed, as expected, the L* value decreased, while a* value and b* value increased over time. As regards sexes of broilers, it was observed that the Pseudomonas spp of female broilers with extra cut in the cartilage tissue of their legs on d 1 was significantly higher than the male broilers. These findings suggest that this innovative method holds significant potential for widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Kilci
- Department of Food Processing, Agriculture and Forestry Vocational School of Susurluk, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey; Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16059, Turkey.
| | - Ramazan Ulku Cetin
- Department of Food Processing, Agriculture and Forestry Vocational School of Susurluk, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey; Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - Kivilcim Ates
- Research & Development Department, HasTavuk Company, Susurluk, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Didem Tutak
- Research & Development Department, HasTavuk Company, Susurluk, Balikesir, Turkey
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3
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Gomes VTM, Moreno LZ, Silva APS, Thakur S, La Ragione RM, Mather AE, Moreno AM. Characterization of Salmonella enterica Contamination in Pork and Poultry Meat from São Paulo/Brazil: Serotypes, Genotypes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles. Pathogens 2022; 11:358. [PMID: 35335682 PMCID: PMC8951033 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a zoonosis of major relevance to global public health. Here we present the assessment of Salmonella enterica contamination in pork and poultry meat sold at retail markets in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 780 meat samples (386 poultry meat and 394 pork samples) were collected from 132 markets. From these, 57 samples (7.3%) were positive for S. enterica isolation, including 32 (8.3%) poultry meat and 25 (6.3%) pork samples. S. enterica isolates were further characterized for serotyping, antimicrobial resistance and genotyping by amplified fragment length polymorphism and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Antimicrobial resistance analysis demonstrated two main profiles: pork isolates were more resistant to macrolides, β-lactams, tetracycline, phenicols, and fluoroquinolones, and poultry meat isolates presented higher resistance to fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and β-lactams. A total of 72.4% of poultry meat isolates were identified as S. Heidelberg, while most of pork isolates were S. Typhimurium (31.7%) and S. Give (16.7%). Genotyping resulted in most clusters consisting exclusively of pork or poultry meat, no cross-contamination was detected, and a tendency to differentiate isolates according to their serotypes and markets of origin. High resistance rates to critically important antimicrobials reinforce the importance of controlling Salmonella contamination in meat production chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco T. M. Gomes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (V.T.M.G.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.S.S.)
| | - Luisa Z. Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (V.T.M.G.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.S.S.)
| | - Ana Paula S. Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (V.T.M.G.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.S.S.)
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Roberto M. La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK;
| | - Alison E. Mather
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Andrea M. Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (V.T.M.G.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.S.S.)
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4
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Latoch A, Wójciak KM, Popek S, Rohn S, Halagarda M. Technological properties and selected safety aspects of different cuts of organic and conventional pork. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Latoch
- Department of Animal Food Technology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Skromna 8 Lublin Polska 20‐704 Poland
| | - Karolina M. Wójciak
- Department of Animal Food Technology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Skromna 8 Lublin Polska 20‐704 Poland
| | - Stanisław Popek
- Department of Food Product Quality Cracow University of Economics Sienkiewicza 5 Krakow 30‐033 Poland
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Berlin Gustav‐Meyer‐Allee 25 Berlin 13355 Germany
| | - Michał Halagarda
- Department of Food Product Quality Cracow University of Economics Sienkiewicza 5 Krakow 30‐033 Poland
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Rothrock MJ, Guard JY, Oladeinde A. Salmonella Diversity Along the Farm-to-Fork Continuum of Pastured Poultry Flocks in the Southeastern United States. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.761930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater consumer demand for all natural, antibiotic-free poultry products has led to an increase in pastured poultry operations. Given the increased level of environmental interaction, and the potential increase in exposure to foodborne pathogens, a greater understanding of the prevalence and diversity of Salmonella populations inherent within pastured poultry flocks. To achieve this, 42 pastured poultry flocks from 11 farms were sampled using a farm-to-fork strategy and Salmonella was isolated and characterized through pre-harvest (feces, soil) to post-harvest (ceca, whole carcass rinse) to the final product (whole carcass rinse) the consumer would purchase. Salmonella was isolated from 353 of a total of 2,305 samples, representing an overall prevalence of 18.1%. By far the most prevalent serotype was Kentucky (72.7% of all isolates), with <16% of all Salmonella representing a top serotype of concern for human health according to the CDC. Even though these flocks were raised antibiotic-free, Salmonella isolates exhibited resistances to a variety of antibiotics, with the two most common resistances being toward tetracycline and streptomycin (68.8 and 64.4% of all isolates, respectively); however, almost 98% of the multidrug resistant isolates were serotype Kentucky. Salmonella prevalence and diversity (both in terms of serotypes and antibiotic resistance profiles) were related more to the farm location than to the type of sample from which the Salmonella was isolated from along the farm-to-fork continuum. Based on these data, while Salmonella prevalence was similar to that from conventional poultry operations, serotypes of lesser concern to human health (Kentucky, Indiana) tended to fill the ecological niche for Salmonella species throughout the farm-to-fork continuum in these pastured poultry flocks. The diversity of these Salmonella populations tended to be farm specific, indicating the need for more tailored intervention strategies to continue to enhance the safety of these products.
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Kim C, Fatani A, Almuqati R, Rahemi A, Abujamous A, Wynn C, Nartea T, Ndegwa E, Rutto L, Dhakal R. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in value‐added commodities procured from farmers' markets in Central Virginia. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chyer Kim
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Abeer Fatani
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Rehab Almuqati
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Alireza Rahemi
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Abeer Abujamous
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Crystal Wynn
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Theresa Nartea
- Cooperative Extension Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Eunice Ndegwa
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Laban Rutto
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Ramesh Dhakal
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
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Jiang W, Paudel SK, Amarasekara NR, Zhang Y, Etienne X, Jones L, Li K, Hansen F, Jaczynski J, Shen C. Survey of small local produce growers' perception of antibiotic resistance issues at farmers markets. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Golden CE, Rothrock MJ, Mishra A. Mapping foodborne pathogen contamination throughout the conventional and alternative poultry supply chains. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101157. [PMID: 34089937 PMCID: PMC8182426 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a consumer push for natural and organic food products. This has caused alternative poultry production, such as organic, pasture, and free-range systems, to grow in popularity. Due to the stricter rearing practices of alternative poultry production systems, different types of levels of microbiological risks might be present for these systems when compared to conventional production systems. Both conventional and alternative production systems have complex supply chains that present many different opportunities for flocks of birds or poultry meat to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens. As such, it is important to understand the risks involved during each step of production. The purpose of this review is to detail the potential routes of foodborne pathogen transmission throughout the conventional and alternative supply chains, with a special emphasis on the differences in risk between the two management systems, and to identify gaps in knowledge that could assist, if addressed, in poultry risk-based decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase E Golden
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Abhinav Mishra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA, USA.
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Zhang L, Ben Said L, Diarra MS, Fliss I. Inhibitory Activity of Natural Synergetic Antimicrobial Consortia Against Salmonella enterica on Broiler Chicken Carcasses. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:656956. [PMID: 33995320 PMCID: PMC8116713 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently most utilized antimicrobial agent in poultry processing facilities is peracetic acid, a chemical increasingly recognized as hazardous to human health. We evaluated the efficacy of mixtures of natural antimicrobial compounds, namely reuterin, microcin J25, and lactic acid, for reducing the viability of Salmonella enterica and total aerobes on broiler chicken carcasses. The compounds were compared singly and in combination with water and 0.1% peracetic acid. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of reuterin, lactic acid, and microcin J25 against S. enterica serovar Enteritidis were respectively 2 mM, 0.31%, and 0.03 μM. In vitro, the combinations of reuterin + lactic acid and reuterin + microcin J25 were synergic, making these compounds effective at four times lower concentrations than those used alone. Salmonella viable counts fell to zero within 10 min of contact with reuterin + lactic acid at 10 times the concentrations used in combination, compared to 18 h in the case of reuterin + microcin J25. Sprayed onto chilled chicken carcasses, this reuterin + lactic acid mixture reduced Salmonella spp. counts by 2.02 Log CFU/g, whereas reuterin + microcin J25 and peracetic acid reduced them by respectively 0.83 and 1.13 Log CFU/g. The synergy of reuterin with lactic acid or microcin J25 as inhibitors of bacterial growth was significant. Applied as post-chill spray, these mixtures could contribute to food safety by decreasing Salmonella counts on chicken carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laila Ben Said
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Moussa Sory Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Complete Genomic Sequences of Campylobacter coli Strains Isolated from Poultry Sold in Pennsylvania Farmers' Markets. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:10/11/e00015-21. [PMID: 33737347 PMCID: PMC7975865 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00015-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter strains were collected in a survey of fresh chicken carcasses in Pennsylvania farmers’ markets. Three Campylobacter coli strains were observed to have unique sequence variations in their gyrase subunit B genes, compared with other Campylobacter strains. The strains were sequenced and analyzed, producing genome sequences consisting of single closed chromosomes. Campylobacter strains were collected in a survey of fresh chicken carcasses in Pennsylvania farmers’ markets. Three Campylobacter coli strains were observed to have unique sequence variations in their gyrase subunit B genes, compared with other Campylobacter strains. The strains were sequenced and analyzed, producing genome sequences consisting of single closed chromosomes.
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11
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Woh PY, Yeung MPS, Nelson EAS, Goggins WBI. Risk factors of non-typhoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis in hospitalised young children: a case-control study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2021; 5:e000898. [PMID: 33490639 PMCID: PMC7805369 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore risk factors associated with non-typhoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis in young children in Hong Kong. DESIGN A case-control study. SETTING Paediatrics wards at three public hospitals in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS Cases were children aged above 30 days to below 5 years hospitalised for gastroenteritis at three public hospitals in Hong Kong with culture confirmed non-typhoidal Salmonella infection. Controls were age-matched (±2 months) children admitted for a reason other than gastroenteritis. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES A face-to-face interview by using standardised questionnaire on exposures 3 days prior to illness. Adjusted OR (aORs) and 95% CIs were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 102 cases and 204 age-matched controls were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that having food purchased from places other than a supermarket, that is, from wet market/restaurant/farm (aOR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.03 to 6.77; p=0.044) was a significant risk factor for non-typhoidal Salmonella infection. Having a household member with gastroenteritis symptoms (aOR, 2.03; 95% CI, 0.94 to 4.39; p=0.072) was of borderline significance and playing at a children's indoor playroom was a protective factor (aOR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.85; p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of food purchased from places other than a supermarket was the identified determinant factor for non-typhoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis in Hong Kong. Parents/caregivers should be alerted to this risk when choosing foods for their young children. The protective effect of playing in an indoor playroom could be confounded by socioeconomic factors and further investigation is required to better understand its potential implication. There was some support for person-to-person transmission and good family hygiene needs to be emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yee Woh
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - May Pui Shan Yeung
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - E Anthony S Nelson
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - William Bernard Iii Goggins
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Pires AFA, Stover J, Kukielka E, Haghani V, Aminabadi P, de Melo Ramos T, Jay-Russell MT. Salmonella and Escherichia coli Prevalence in Meat and Produce Sold at Farmers' Markets in Northern California. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1934-1940. [PMID: 32502236 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT As the number of farmers' markets and other direct-to-consumer marketing channels increases, it is crucial to understand the potential risks associated with consuming directly marketed animal products and fresh produce. The overall aim of this project was to assess the prevalence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in animal products and produce sold at farmers' markets in Northern California and to evaluate the food safety risks associated with consuming meat (e.g., beef, pork, and poultry) and fresh produce purchased from farmers' markets. Animal products and produce were purchased from a total of 44 certified farmers' markets in Northern California. Salmonella was found in 6 (1.8%) of 338 animal products and in 0 (0%) of 128 produce samples; E. coli was found in 40 (31.3%) of 128 fresh produce samples. E. coli concentration in produce ranged from 0 to 2.96, with an overall average of 0.13 log (most probable number + 1)/100 mL. Salmonella isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and tetracycline. The results from this study highlight the need for further training on mitigation strategies to reduce contamination of animal products and fresh produce by foodborne pathogens. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Alda F A Pires
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - James Stover
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Esther Kukielka
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Viktoria Haghani
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - Thais de Melo Ramos
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9326-0298 [A.F.A.P.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-3778 [E.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3700-4027 [V.H.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2656-6286 [P.A.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-8086 [M.T.J.R.])
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13
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Golden CE, Mishra A. Prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in Alternative and Conventionally Produced Chicken in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1181-1197. [PMID: 32294168 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The burden of foodborne illness linked to the consumption of contaminated broiler meat is high in the United States. With the increase in popularity of alternative poultry rearing and production systems, it is important to identify the differences in food safety risks presented by alternative systems compared with conventional methods. Although many studies have been conducted that surveyed foodborne pathogen prevalence along the broiler supply chain, a systematic overview of all of the results is lacking. In the current study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to quantify the differences in prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in farm environment, rehang, prechill, postchill, and retail samples between conventional and alternative production systems. A systematic search of Web of Science and PubMed databases was conducted to identify eligible studies. Studies were then evaluated by inclusion criteria, and the included studies were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. In total, 137 trials from 72 studies were used in the final meta-analysis. Meta-analysis models were individually constructed for subgroups that were determined by sample type, pathogen, and production type. All subgroups possessed high amounts of heterogeneity (I2 > 75%). For environmental sample subgroups, Campylobacter prevalence was estimated to be 15.8 and 52.8% for conventional and alternative samples, respectively. Similar prevalence estimates for both production types were observed for Salmonella environmental samples and all retail samples. For conventional samples, Campylobacter and Salmonella prevalence was highest in prechill samples followed by rehang and postchill samples, respectively. The results herein will be useful in future quantitative microbial risk assessments for characterizing the differences in foodborne illness risks presented by different broiler production systems. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase E Golden
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9214-0745 [A.M.])
| | - Abhinav Mishra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9214-0745 [A.M.])
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14
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Lee SI, Choi J, Daeschel DZ, Park SH. Microbiome characterization of poultry products based on the poultry part and production label. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5479881. [PMID: 31123750 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is one of the most consumed meats worldwide and there are many different types of poultry products available on the market for consumers. Many poultry producers provide a variety of labeled meats based on rearing system such as organic, free-range and antibiotic-free. However, these labels often can be misleading by implying organic products are better in safety and quality compared to poultry products without additional labels. In this study, the microbiological profiles of commercial poultry products were characterized via a next generation sequencing. A variety of poultry products including whole carcass, leg, breast and thigh were purchased from local markets and subdivided by labels indicating organic, non-antibiotic, free range and no-label. According to the microbiome analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene, similar level of species richness were observed in comparison by labels, however, different parts and producers exhibited significant differences. Also, microbial similarities among groups were measured and most samples showed relatively close clustering based on the poultry part and the producer. The results emphasize potential contamination routes and the importance of the control strategy during the pre-harvest step of poultry products. The results also envision potential opportunities to improve current production procedure being utilized by industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang In Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, 3051 SW Campus Way, Corvallis OR 97331, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, 3051 SW Campus Way, Corvallis OR 97331, USA
| | - Devin Z Daeschel
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis OR 97331, USA
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, 3051 SW Campus Way, Corvallis OR 97331, USA
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Three-Year Longitudinal Study: Prevalence of Salmonella Enterica in Chicken Meat is Higher in Supermarkets Than Wet Markets from Mexico. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030264. [PMID: 32121659 PMCID: PMC7143798 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, chicken meat is considered one of the main sources of Salmonella enterica in humans. To protect consumers from this foodborne pathogen, international health authorities recommend the establishment of continuous Salmonella surveillance programs in meat. However, these programs are scarce in many world regions; thus, the goal of the present study was to perform a longitudinal surveillance of S. enterica in chicken meat in Mexico. A total of 1160 samples were collected and analyzed monthly from 2016 to 2018 in ten chicken meat retailers (supermarkets and wet markets) located in central Mexico. The isolation and identification of S. enterica was carried out using conventional and molecular methods. Overall, S. enterica was recovered from 18.1% (210/1160) of the chicken meat samples. Remarkably, during the three years of evaluation, S. enterica was more prevalent (p < 0.0001) in supermarkets (27.2%, 158/580) than in wet markets (9.0%, 52/580). The study was 3.8 times more likely (odds ratio = 3.8, p < 0.0001) to recover S. enterica from supermarkets than wet markets. Additionally, a higher prevalence (p < 0.05) of this pathogen was observed during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter in supermarkets compared with wet markets. Moreover, the recovery rate of S. enterica from supermarkets showed a gradual increase from 20.78% to 42% (p < 0.0001) from 2016 to 2018. Interestingly, no correlation (p > 0.05) was observed between the S. enterica recovery rate in chicken meat and reported cases of Salmonella infections in humans. Higher levels of S. enterica in chicken meat retailed in supermarkets are not unusual; this phenomenon has also been reported in some European and Asian countries. Together, these results uncover an important health threat that needs to be urgently addressed by poultry meat producers and retailers.
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16
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Mohammad ZH, Yu H, Neal JA, Gibson KE, Sirsat SA. Food Safety Challenges and Barriers in Southern United States Farmers Markets. Foods 2019; 9:E12. [PMID: 31877786 PMCID: PMC7023351 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purchasing fresh and local produce at farmers markets has seen an increasing trend over the past decade. However, with this rise in popularity food safety challenges need to be recognized and addressed. Farmers market managers play a significant role in ensuring that vendors implement food safety practices at the market. Thus, this study investigated the food safety perceptions of farmers markets managers and vendors in Texas and Arkansas. A total of 123 participants were surveyed, including 38 managers and 85 vendors. The survey included a series of questions to determine gaps in vendor and manager food safety knowledge as well as the barriers and factors that prevent the implementation of relevant food safety practices. The results indicate that a lack of facilities, equipment, and resources containing food safety guidelines specific to farmers markets were the major barriers to the implementation of food safety practices. In addition, only 36.7% of participants had formal food safety training (e.g., ServSafe) and approximately 50% of the market managers provided food safety materials to their vendors. Overall, these data suggest that the development of farmers market-specific training programs to enhance food safety behaviors and practices in farmers markets would be beneficial to stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra H. Mohammad
- Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-3028, USA; (Z.H.M.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Heyao Yu
- School of Hospitality Management, Pennsylvania State University, 230 Mateer Building University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Jack A. Neal
- Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-3028, USA; (Z.H.M.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Kristen E. Gibson
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA;
| | - Sujata A. Sirsat
- Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-3028, USA; (Z.H.M.); (J.A.N.)
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17
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Cassar JR, Mills E, Campbell J, Demirci A. Decontamination of Chicken Thigh Meat by Pulsed Ultraviolet Light. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2019.08.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness outbreaks associated with chicken can be reduced with effective decontamination interventions. The effectiveness of pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) light for destruction of Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter on the surface of chicken thigh meat was investigated. Chicken thighs were inoculated to 6 to 7 log10 CFU/cm2 before exposure to PUV light for each of the above-mentioned pathogens. Treatment variables included the distance from the quartz window of the PUV light (8 and 13 cm) and treatment time (0, 5, 15, 30, and 45 s). Comparison of treated samples to control (0 s) samples allowed for quantification of microbial reduction due to PUV light treatment. Microbial reduction on lean surface chicken thighs (P < 0.05) with increasing duration of PUV light exposure for E. coli, Campylobacter, and Salmonella. Exposure to PUV light for 5 and 45 s on lean surface thighs resulted in log10 CFU/cm2 reductions of 1.22 and 2.02 for E. coli, 1.45 and 2.09 for Campylobacter, and 1.55 and 2.42 for Salmonella, respectively. Pulsed UV light exposure for 5 and 45 s on skin surface thighs resulted in log10 reductions of 1.19 and 1.96 for E. coli; 1.08 and 1.85 for Campylobacter, and 0.90 and 1.82 for Salmonella, respectively. Results indicate that PUV light is effective for reductions of bacterial populations on the surface of raw chicken meat.
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18
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Khouryieh M, Khouryieh H, Daday JK, Shen C. Consumers' perceptions of the safety of fresh produce sold at farmers’ markets. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Draft Genomic Sequences of Campylobacter coli Isolates from Chicken Carcasses. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/28/e00564-19. [PMID: 31296685 PMCID: PMC6624768 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00564-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter bacteria are one of the leading causes of bacterial foodborne illnesses in the United States. Here, we report the draft genomic sequences of eight Campylobacter coli isolates from chicken carcasses, including virulence factors and antibiotic resistance.
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20
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Shi Z, Rothrock MJ, Ricke SC. Applications of Microbiome Analyses in Alternative Poultry Broiler Production Systems. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:157. [PMID: 31179291 PMCID: PMC6543280 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While most of the focus on poultry microbiome research has been directed toward conventional poultry production, there is increasing interest in characterizing microbial populations originating from alternative or non-conventional poultry production. This is in part due to the growing general popularity in locally produced foods and more specifically the attractiveness of free-range or pasture raised poultry. Most of the focus of microbiome characterization in pasture flock birds has been on live bird production, primarily on the gastrointestinal tract. Interest in environmental impacts on production responses and management strategies have been key factors for comparative microbiome studies. This has important ramifications since these birds are not only raised under different conditions, but the grower cycle can be longer and in some cases slower growing breeds used. The impact of different feed additives is also of interest with some microbiome-based studies having examined the effect of feeding these additives to birds grown under pasture flock conditions. In the future, microbiome research approaches offer unique opportunities to develop better live bird management strategies and design optimal feed additive approaches for pasture flock poultry production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohao Shi
- Center for Food Safety, Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Center for Food Safety, Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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21
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Jung Y, Porto-Fett ACS, Shoyer BA, Henry E, Shane LE, Osoria M, Luchansky JB. Prevalence, Levels, and Viability of Salmonella in and on Raw Chicken Livers. J Food Prot 2019; 82:834-843. [PMID: 31009249 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We surveyed chicken livers from various sources for the presence and levels of Salmonella. The pathogen was recovered from 148 (59.4%) of 249 chicken livers purchased at retail stores in Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania over about a 9-month period. Positive samples harbored Salmonella at levels of 6.4 most probable number (MPN)/g to 2.4 log CFU/g. The percentage of Salmonella-positive livers purchased at retail outlets in New Jersey (72%, 59 of 82 livers) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the percentage for livers purchased in Delaware (48%, 36 of 75 livers); however, this percentage was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that for livers purchased in Pennsylvania (57.6%, 53 of 92 livers). The pathogen was also recovered more often (P = 0.019) from livers that were packaged by retailers (81 of 121 livers, 66.9%) than from livers packaged directly by processors (67 of 128 livers, 52.3%). In related studies, 12 (5.8%) of 207 chicken livers harvested from birds on a research farm tested positive for Salmonella at levels of 0.4 to 2.2 MPN/g. The recovery rate of Salmonella was 4.4% (6 of 135 livers) from livers with the gall bladder attached and 8.3% (6 of 72 livers) from livers when the gall bladder was removed at harvest on the research farm. We also quantified the levels of a nine-strain cocktail (ca. 6.5 log CFU/g) of Salmonella strains inoculated externally onto or internally into livers both before and after extended cold storage. Storage for at least 2 days at 4°C or 15 days at -20°C resulted in a decrease of about 1.0 log CFU/g in pathogen levels. Given the relatively high recovery rate (ca. 6.0 to 60.0%) and high (possibly illness causing) levels (0.4 MPN/g to 2.4 CFU/g) of Salmonella associated with chicken livers in the present study, further interventions for processors are needed to lower the prevalence and levels of this pathogen on poultry liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Jung
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Anna C S Porto-Fett
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Bradley A Shoyer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Elizabeth Henry
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Laura E Shane
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Manuela Osoria
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - John B Luchansky
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
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22
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Keefer AB, Xiaoli L, M'ikanatha NM, Yao K, Hoffmann M, Dudley EG. Retrospective whole-genome sequencing analysis distinguished PFGE and drug-resistance-matched retail meat and clinical Salmonella isolates. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2019; 165:270-286. [PMID: 30672732 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella is a leading cause of outbreak and sporadic-associated foodborne illnesses in the United States. These infections have been associated with a range of foods, including retail meats. Traditionally, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) have been used to facilitate public health investigations of Salmonella infections. However, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has emerged as an alternative tool that can be routinely implemented. To assess its potential in enhancing integrated surveillance in Pennsylvania, USA, WGS was used to directly compare the genetic characteristics of 7 retail meat and 43 clinical historic Salmonella isolates, subdivided into 3 subsets based on PFGE and AST results, to retrospectively resolve their genetic relatedness and identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses revealed that the retail meat isolates within S. Heidelberg, S. Typhimurium var. O5- subset 1 and S. Typhimurium var. O5- subset 2 were separated from each primary PFGE pattern-matched clinical isolate by 6-12, 41-96 and 21-81 SNPs, respectively. Fifteen resistance genes were identified across all isolates, including fosA7, a gene only recently found in a limited number of Salmonella and a ≥95 % phenotype to genotype correlation was observed for all tested antimicrobials. Moreover, AMR was primarily plasmid-mediated in S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium var. O5- subset 2, whereas AMR was chromosomally carried in S. Typhimurium var. O5- subset 1. Similar plasmids were identified in both the retail meat and clinical isolates. Collectively, these data highlight the utility of WGS in retrospective analyses and enhancing integrated surveillance for Salmonella from multiple sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Keefer
- 1Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lingzi Xiaoli
- 1Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kuan Yao
- 3Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Hoffmann
- 3Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward G Dudley
- 4E. coli Reference Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,1Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Li K, Khouryieh H, Jones L, Etienne X, Shen C. Assessing farmers market produce vendors’ handling of containers and evaluation of the survival of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes on plastic, pressed-card, and wood container surfaces at refrigerated and room temperature. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Henley SC, Launchi N, Quinlan JJ. Survival of Salmonella on raw poultry exposed to 10% lemon juice and vinegar washes. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Young I, Thaivalappil A, Reimer D, Greig J. Food Safety at Farmers' Markets: A Knowledge Synthesis of Published Research. J Food Prot 2017; 80:2033-2047. [PMID: 29148876 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Farmers' markets are increasingly popular venues in North America for the sale of fresh produce and other foods. However, the nature of their operation can present possible food safety issues, challenges, and risks to consumers. A knowledge synthesis was conducted to identify, characterize, and summarize published research on the microbial food safety issues and implications associated with farmers' markets. A scoping review was conducted using the following steps: comprehensive search strategy, relevance screening of abstracts, and characterization of relevant articles. Two subsets of data were prioritized for more detailed systematic review (data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment) and meta-analysis: (i) studies comparing the microbial safety of foods from farmers' markets versus other sources and (ii) studies evaluating the use of food safety practices at farmers' markets. Overall, 83 relevant studies were identified. The majority of studies were published as journal articles (64%), used a cross-sectional design (81%), and were conducted in the United States (78%). Most studies (39%; n = 32) investigated stakeholder, mostly consumer (n = 22), attitudes toward food safety at farmers' markets. Limited but heterogeneous evidence indicated a higher prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in chicken meat from farmers' markets versus other retail sources, but there was no difference in the microbial contamination of fresh produce. Studies evaluating the use of food safety practices at farmers' markets identified some gaps; for example, the average prevalence of vendor hand washing was 4% (95% confidence interval: 0 to 11%; I2 = 27%; n = 5 studies). Twelve foodborne outbreaks and case reports were identified, resulting in a total of 411 illnesses, 38 hospitalizations, and two deaths from 1994 to 2016. Only five intervention studies were identified. Key knowledge gaps and areas warranting future research, training, and education are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Young
- 1 School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, POD 249, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3; and
| | - Abhinand Thaivalappil
- 1 School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, POD 249, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3; and
| | - Danielle Reimer
- 1 School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, POD 249, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3; and
| | - Judy Greig
- 2 National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Suite 206, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5B2
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26
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Lemonakis L, Li K, Adler JM, Shen C. Microbiological quality assessment and validation of antimicrobials against unstressed or cold-stress adapted Salmonella and surrogate Enterococcus faecium on broiler carcasses and wings. Poult Sci 2017; 96:4038-4045. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Yu H, Gibson KE, Wright KG, Neal JA, Sirsat SA. Food safety and food quality perceptions of farmers’ market consumers in the United States. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Li K, Weidhaas J, Lemonakis L, Khouryieh H, Stone M, Jones L, Shen C. Microbiological quality and safety of fresh produce in West Virginia and Kentucky farmers’ markets and validation of a post-harvest washing practice with antimicrobials to inactivate Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Park JH, Kim HS, Yim JH, Kim YJ, Kim DH, Chon JW, Kim H, Om AS, Seo KH. Comparison of the isolation rates and characteristics of Salmonella isolated from antibiotic-free and conventional chicken meat samples. Poult Sci 2017; 96:2831-2838. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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30
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Li K, Lemonakis L, Glover B, Moritz J, Shen C. Impact of Built-up-Litter and Commercial Antimicrobials on Salmonella and Campylobacter Contamination of Broiler Carcasses Processed at a Pilot Mobile Poultry-Processing Unit. Front Vet Sci 2017. [PMID: 28649571 PMCID: PMC5465233 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The small-scale mobile poultry-processing unit (MPPU) produced raw poultry products are of particular food safety concern due to exemption of USDA poultry products inspection act. Limited studies reported the microbial quality and safety of MPPU-processed poultry carcasses. This study evaluated the Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence in broiler ceca and on MPPU-processed carcasses and efficacy of commercial antimicrobials against Campylobacter jejuni on broilers. In study I, straight-run Hubbard × Cobb broilers (147) were reared for 38 days on clean-shavings (CS, 75) or built-up-litter (BUL, 72) and processed at an MPPU. Aerobic plate counts (APCs), coliforms, Escherichia coli, and yeast/molds (Y/M) of carcasses were analyzed on petrifilms. Ceca and carcass samples underwent microbial analyses for Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. using the modified USDA method and confirmed by API-20e test (Salmonella), latex agglutination immunoassay (Campylobacter), and Gram staining (Campylobacter). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (CadF gene) identified the prevalence of C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli in ceca and on carcasses. In study II, fresh chilled broiler carcasses were spot inoculated with C. jejuni (4.5 log10 CFU/mL) and then undipped, or dipped into peroxyacetic acid (PAA) (1,000 ppm), lactic acid (5%), lactic and citric acid blend (2.5%), sodium hypochlorite (69 ppm), or a H2O2–PAA mix (SaniDate® 5.0, 0.25%) for 30 s. Surviving C. jejuni was recovered onto Brucella agar. APCs, coliforms, and E. coli populations were similar (P > 0.05) on CS and BUL carcasses. Carcasses of broilers raised on BUL contained a greater (P < 0.05) Y/M population (2.2 log10 CFU/mL) than those reared on CS (1.8 log10 CFU/mL). Salmonella was not detected in any ceca samples, whereas 2.8% of the carcasses from BUL were present with Salmonella. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp., C. jejuni was lower (P < 0.05), and C. coli was similar (P > 0.05) in CS-treated ceca than BUL samples. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp., C. jejuni, and C. coli was not different (P > 0.05) on CS- and BUL-treated carcasses. All antimicrobials reduced C. jejuni by 1.2–2.0 log CFU/mL on carcasses compared with controls. Hence, raising broilers on CS and applying post-chilling antimicrobial treatment can reduce Salmonella and Campylobacter on MPPU-processed broiler carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- KaWang Li
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Lacey Lemonakis
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Brian Glover
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Joseph Moritz
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Cangliang Shen
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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31
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Ristori CA, Rowlands REG, Martins CG, Barbosa ML, Dos Santos LF, Jakabi M, de Melo Franco BDG. Assessment of Consumer Exposure to Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Meat Products at Retail in the City of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:447-453. [PMID: 28475359 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat products may be vehicles of bacterial pathogens to humans, and Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are the most relevant. The aim of this study was to generate data on prevalence of these three pathogens in 552 samples of meat products (hot dogs, pork sausages, raw ground beef, and raw chicken legs) sold at retail in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Salmonella spp. was detected in 5.8% (32/552) of samples, comprising pork sausages 62.5% (20/32) and chicken legs 37.5% (12/32). The counts of Salmonella spp. were low, ranging from < 0.3 to 9.3 × 10 most probable number per gram and the most frequent serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium (28.1%), Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- (15.6%), Salmonella Enteritidis (12.5%), Salmonella Derby, and Salmonella Brandenburg (9.4%). Campylobacter spp. was detected in 33 samples (6.0%), comprising chicken legs (82%) and ground beef (18%). All samples were negative for STEC. These results suggest that meat products when subjected to inadequate cooking and/or cross-contamination with other products ready for consumption can lead to occurrence of outbreaks, highlighting the risks associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Luisa Barbosa
- 1 Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food Center Adolfo Lutz Institute , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Miyoko Jakabi
- 1 Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food Center Adolfo Lutz Institute , Sao Paulo, Brazil
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32
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McCrackin MA, Helke KL, Galloway AM, Poole AZ, Salgado CD, Marriott BP. Effect of Antimicrobial Use in Agricultural Animals on Drug-resistant Foodborne Campylobacteriosis in Humans: A Systematic Literature Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2115-32. [PMID: 26580432 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1119798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Controversy continues concerning antimicrobial use in food animals and its relationship to drug-resistant infections in humans. We systematically reviewed published literature for evidence of a relationship between antimicrobial use in agricultural animals and drug-resistant foodborne campylobacteriosis in humans. Based on publications from the United States (U.S.), Canada and Denmark from 2010 to July 2014, 195 articles were retained for abstract review, 50 met study criteria for full article review with 36 retained for which data are presented. Two publications reported increase in macrolide resistance of Campylobacter coli isolated from feces of swine receiving macrolides in feed, and one of these described similar findings for tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. A study in growing turkeys demonstrated increased macrolide resistance associated with therapeutic dosing with Tylan® in drinking water. One publication linked tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni clone SA in raw cow's milk to a foodborne outbreak in humans. No studies that identified farm antimicrobial use also traced antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter from farm to fork. Recent literature confirms that on farm antibiotic selection pressure can increase colonization of animals with drug-resistant Campylobacter spp. but is inadequately detailed to establish a causal relationship between use of antimicrobials in agricultural animals and prevalence of drug-resistant foodborne campylobacteriosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McCrackin
- a Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Research Service , Charleston , South Carolina , USA.,b Department of Comparative Medicine , College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Kristi L Helke
- b Department of Comparative Medicine , College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Ashley M Galloway
- c Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Military Division, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Ann Z Poole
- c Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Military Division, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Cassandra D Salgado
- d Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Bernadette P Marriott
- c Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Military Division, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
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Scheinberg JA, Dudley EG, Campbell J, Roberts B, DiMarzio M, DebRoy C, Cutter CN. Prevalence and Phylogenetic Characterization of Escherichia coli and Hygiene Indicator Bacteria Isolated from Leafy Green Produce, Beef, and Pork Obtained from Farmers' Markets in Pennsylvania. J Food Prot 2017; 80:237-244. [PMID: 28221988 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of farmers' markets in the United States has led to over 8,400 farmers' markets being in operation in 2015. As farmers' markets have increased in size and complexity in the kinds of foods sold at these venues, so have the potential food safety risks. Since 2008, seven major foodborne illness outbreaks and two recalls associated with food products from farmers' markets have occurred, causing 80 known reported illnesses and one death. Various researchers also have observed vendors performing high-risk food safety retail behaviors, and others have identified microbiological hazards in foods sold at farmers' markets. In this study, the presence of hygiene indicators (coliforms, fecal coliforms, Listeria spp., and Escherichia coli ) was assessed in select samples of leafy green produce and meat obtained from farmers' markets in Pennsylvania. E. coli isolates were further characterized by phylogenetic profile and virulence potential. E. coli was present in 40% (20 of 50) and 18% (9 of 50) of beef and pork samples, respectively, and in 28% (15 of 54), 29% (15 of 52), and 17% (8 of 46) of kale, lettuce, and spinach samples, respectively. Listeria spp. was found in 8% (4 of 50) of beef samples, 2% (1 of 54) of kale samples, 4% (2 of 52) of lettuce samples, and 7% (3 of 46) of spinach samples. Among the 10 Listeria spp. isolates, 3 were identified as L. monocytogenes . E. coli isolated from meat samples mainly clustered into phylogroup B1 (66%; 19 of 29), whereas produce isolates clustered into phylogroups B2 (36%; 14 of 39) and B1 (33%; 13 of 39). These E. coli isolates possessed the fimH, iroN, hlyD, and eae genes associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli . The high prevalence but low levels of E. coli and Listeria spp. found on both produce and meat products obtained from farmers' markets in this study strongly indicate that farmers' market vendors would benefit greatly from food safety training and increased public health oversight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Scheinberg
- Department of Food Science, 202 Food Science Building, 115 Henning Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Edward G Dudley
- Department of Food Science, 202 Food Science Building, 115 Henning Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan Campbell
- Department of Animal Sciences, 350 Agricultural Science and Industries Building, 115 Henning Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Beth Roberts
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, 115 Henning Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Michael DiMarzio
- Department of Food Science, 202 Food Science Building, 115 Henning Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Chitrita DebRoy
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, 115 Henning Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Catherine N Cutter
- Department of Food Science, 202 Food Science Building, 115 Henning Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Rajan K, Shi Z, Ricke SC. Current aspects ofSalmonellacontamination in the US poultry production chain and the potential application of risk strategies in understanding emerging hazards. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:370-392. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1223600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalavathy Rajan
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Zhaohao Shi
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Peng M, Salaheen S, Almario JA, Tesfaye B, Buchanan R, Biswas D. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern ofSalmonellaserovars in integrated crop-livestock farms and their products sold in local markets. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:1654-65. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
| | - Serajus Salaheen
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
| | | | - Bezait Tesfaye
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
| | - Robert Buchanan
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
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Levy DJ, Beck NK, Kossik AL, Patti T, Meschke JS, Calicchia M, Hellberg RS. Microbial safety and quality of fresh herbs from Los Angeles, Orange County and Seattle farmers' markets. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2641-2645. [PMID: 25382560 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farmers' markets have been growing in popularity in the United States, but the microbial quality and safety of the food sold at these markets is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the microbial safety and quality of fresh basil, parsley and cilantro sold at farmers' markets in the Los Angeles, Orange County and greater Seattle areas. RESULTS A total of 133 samples (52 basil, 41 cilantro and 40 parsley) were collected from 13 different farmers' markets and tested for Salmonella and generic Escherichia coli. One sample (parsley) was confirmed positive for Salmonella and 24.1% of samples were positive for generic E. coli, with a range of 0.70-3.15 log CFU g(-1) . Among the herbs tested, basil showed the highest percentage of samples with generic E. coli (26.9%), followed by cilantro (24.4%) and then parsley (20.0%). For 12% of samples, the levels of generic E. coli exceeded guidelines established by the Public Health Laboratory Service for microbiological quality of ready-to-eat foods. CONCLUSION Overall, this study indicates the presence of Salmonella and generic E. coli in fresh herbs sold at farmers' markets; however, additional studies are needed to determine the sources and extent of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna J Levy
- Food Science and Nutrition, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Nicola K Beck
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Taylor Patti
- Food Science and Nutrition, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - J Scott Meschke
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melissa Calicchia
- Food Safety Solutions and Food Microbiological Laboratories, 10653 Progress Way, Cypress, CA 90630, USA
| | - Rosalee S Hellberg
- Food Science and Nutrition, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
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Byrd-Bredbenner C, Cohn MN, Farber JM, Harris LJ, Roberts T, Salin V, Singh M, Jaferi A, Sperber WH. Food safety considerations for innovative nutrition solutions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1347:29-44. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda J. Harris
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of California; Davis California
| | - Tanya Roberts
- Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention; Grove City Pennsylvania
| | - Victoria Salin
- Department of Agricultural Economics; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Department of Food Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
| | - Azra Jaferi
- The New York Academy of Sciences; New York New York
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