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Pinho J, Meyer T, Schumann-Werner B, Becker J, Tauber S, Nikoubashman O, Wiesmann M, Schulz JB, Werner CJ, Reich A. Swallowing muscle mass contributes to post-stroke dysphagia in ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 38890004 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenic dysphagia is a frequent complication of stroke and is associated with aspiration pneumonia and poor outcomes. Although ischaemic lesion location and size are major determinants of the presence and severity of post-stroke dysphagia, little is known about the contribution of other acute stroke-unrelated factors. We aimed to analyse the impact of swallowing and non-swallowing muscles measurements on swallowing function after large vessel occlusion stroke. METHODS This retrospective study was based on a prospective registry of consecutive ischaemic stroke patients. Patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy between July 2021 and June 2022 and received a flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) within 5 days after admission were included. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and imaging data were collected from the registry. The cross-sectional areas (CSA) of selected swallowing muscles (as a surrogate marker for swallowing muscle mass) and of cervical non-swallowing muscles were measured in computed tomography. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated and used as a surrogate marker for whole body muscle mass. FEES parameters, namely, Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS, as a surrogate marker for dysphagia presence and severity), penetration aspiration scale, and the presence of moderate-to-severe pharyngeal residues were collected from the clinical records. Univariate and multivariate ordinal and logistic regression analyses were performed to analyse if total CSA of swallowing muscles and SMI were associated with FEES parameters. RESULTS The final study population consisted of 137 patients, 59 were female (43.1%), median age was 74 years (interquartile range 62-83), median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 12 (interquartile range 7-16), 16 patients had a vertebrobasilar occlusion (11.7%), and successful recanalization was achieved in 127 patients (92.7%). Both total CSA of swallowing muscles and SMI were significantly correlated with age (rho = -0.391, P < 0.001 and rho = -0.525, P < 0.001, respectively). Total CSA of the swallowing muscles was independently associated with FOIS (common adjusted odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.16, P = 0.029), and with the presence of moderate-to-severe pharyngeal residues for puree consistencies (adjusted odds ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval = 0.81-0.99, P = 0.036). We found no independent association of SMI with any of the FEES parameters. CONCLUSIONS Baseline swallowing muscle mass contributes to the pathophysiology of post-stroke dysphagia. Decreasing swallowing muscle mass is independently associated with increasing severity of early post-stroke dysphagia and with increased likelihood of moderate-to-severe pharyngeal residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pinho
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tareq Meyer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Beate Schumann-Werner
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Johanniter Hospital Stendal GmbH, Stendal, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Becker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone Tauber
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Omid Nikoubashman
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cornelius J Werner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Johanniter Hospital Stendal GmbH, Stendal, Germany
| | - Arno Reich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
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Ma KK, Ziegler GR, Hopfer H, Hayes JE. What Is Chalky? Investigating Consumer Language and Perception of Fine Particles in Beverages Containing Pea and Potato Starch. Foods 2024; 13:1852. [PMID: 38928793 PMCID: PMC11203002 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite its importance as an undesirable food texture, the phenomenon of chalkiness remains understudied. Chalky sensations presumably arise from fine particulates found in foods, but semantic overlap with other common descriptors of small particles, like gritty or sandy, is unclear. Here, we compare the usage of Chalky with related descriptors, and determine the effect of particle size, concentration, and xanthan content on Chalky ratings in a model beverage. A 23 factorial design with starch particle size (D90 = 33.8 and 64.6 µm), starch concentrations (10 and 20% w/v), and xanthan content (0.075 and 0.15% w/v) was used. Participants' salivary flow rate was also assessed. A multi-sip taste test was performed where naïve consumers (n = 82; 39% men, 60% women; age range = 18-79 years) rated the intensity of Chalky, Powdery, Gritty, Sandy, Mouthdrying, and Residual mouthcoating at 0, 30, and 60 s after each of three consecutive sips. All attribute ratings were highly correlated, with Chalky, Powdery, and Residual Mouthcoating being more closely correlated with each other than Gritty or Sandy. Although Chalky was still reported 60 s after consumption, no evidence of build-up was found with repeated sips. A larger size and higher concentration increased Chalky ratings, with the low-salivary-flow group reporting greater ratings for Chalky relative to the high-flow group. Our results suggest consumer percepts of small particles are overlapping but not entirely redundant. This suggests researchers and product developers should carefully distinguish between these descriptors when trying to understand consumer perception of food products containing fine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kai Ma
- Sensory Evaluation Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (K.K.M.); (H.H.)
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Gregory R. Ziegler
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Helene Hopfer
- Sensory Evaluation Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (K.K.M.); (H.H.)
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - John E. Hayes
- Sensory Evaluation Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (K.K.M.); (H.H.)
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
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Ashford JR. Impaired oral health: a required companion of bacterial aspiration pneumonia. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1337920. [PMID: 38894716 PMCID: PMC11183832 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1337920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Laryngotracheal aspiration has a widely-held reputation as a primary cause of lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, and is a major concern of care providers of the seriously ill orelderly frail patient. Laryngeal mechanical inefficiency resulting in aspiration into the lower respiratory tract, by itself, is not the cause of pneumonia. It is but one of several factors that must be present simultaneously for pneumonia to develop. Aspiration of oral and gastric contentsoccurs often in healthy people of all ages and without significant pulmonary consequences. Inthe seriously ill or elderly frail patient, higher concentrations of pathogens in the contents of theaspirate are the primary catalyst for pulmonary infection development if in an immunocompromised lower respiratory system. The oral cavity is a complex and ever changing eco-environment striving to maintain homogeneity among the numerous microbial communities inhabiting its surfaces. Poor maintenance of these surfaces to prevent infection can result inpathogenic changes to these microbial communities and, with subsequent proliferation, can altermicrobial communities in the tracheal and bronchial passages. Higher bacterial pathogen concentrations mixing with oral secretions, or with foods, when aspirated into an immunecompromised lower respiratory complex, may result in bacterial aspiration pneumonia development, or other respiratory or systemic diseases. A large volume of clinical evidence makes it clear that oral cleaning regimens, when used in caring for ill or frail patients in hospitals and long-term care facilities, drastically reduce the incidence of respiratory infection and death. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine oral health as a required causative companionin bacterial aspiration pneumonia development, and the effectiveness of oral infection control inthe prevention of this disease.
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Baqué J, Huret O, Rayneau P, Schleich M, Morinière S. Acoustic Analysis of Swallowing of an Experimental Meal of Three Food Textures: A Comparative Aging Study. Dysphagia 2024; 39:452-458. [PMID: 37979004 PMCID: PMC11127804 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Swallowing disorders in the elderly represent a public health problem, their detections are a medico-economic issue. The acoustic analysis of swallowing has the advantages of being non-invasive with no radiation, compared to videofluoroscopy or fiberoptic swallowing assessments. Acoustic analysis of swallowing has been tested in many studies but only on small food boluses. The aim of this study was to compare the acoustic swallowing parameters of two groups of healthy subjects, before and after 70 years old, during the intake of a series of 3 food textures. A laryngophone was used to record the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. The experimental meal was composed of 100 ml of mashed potatoes, 100 ml of water, and 100 ml of yogurt. Group 1 (50-70 years old) comprised 21 subjects and group 2 (over 70 years old) 23 subjects. Acoustic parameters analyzed were the number of swallows, average duration of swallowing, average duration of inter-swallowing, meal duration, and the average frequency of swallowing per minute. These parameters for groups 1 and 2 were compared. The average duration of inter-swallowing and the meal duration were significantly higher in the older group (p < 0.001), with a mean duration of inter-swallowing that was 2.4 s longer than the younger group. The average swallowing frequency per minute was higher in the younger group (11.3 vs 7.9; p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that acoustic analysis of an experimental meal of three food textures generated usable data on swallowing. In the over 70 age group, there was a decrease in swallowing frequency, indicating a slowdown in food intake. A reduced swallowing frequency could become a criteria to assess presbyphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Baqué
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnelé , 37044, Tours, France.
| | - Océane Huret
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnelé , 37044, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Rayneau
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnelé , 37044, Tours, France
| | - Marianne Schleich
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnelé , 37044, Tours, France
| | - Sylvain Morinière
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnelé , 37044, Tours, France
- Francois-Rabelais University of Tours, University Hospital of Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnelé, 37032, Tours, France
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Sekundo C, Frese C, Alich N, Langowski E, Awounvo S, Wolff D, Zenthöfer A. Very old age impacts masticatory performance: a study among sexagenarians to centenarians. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:349. [PMID: 38822870 PMCID: PMC11144126 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional pilot study evaluated the impact of age on masticatory performance among individuals aged 65 to 106 years, as part of the Heidelberg Dental Centenarian Study (HD-100Z) conducted in South-Western Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 31 centenarians were recruited, alongside 31 individuals each from the age groups 75-99 and 65-74, matched based on sex, prosthetic status, and number of teeth. Masticatory performance was assessed using a two-colored chewing gum test and digital image processing. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of age, sex, number of teeth, type of prosthesis on the masticatory performance. RESULTS Masticatory performance, as measured by the standard deviation of hue in the chewing gum test, decreased significantly in centenarians compared to individuals aged 75-99 years (-0.112, p = 0.037) and those aged 65-74 years (-0.274, p < 0.001). The effects of sex, number of teeth, and type of prosthesis on masticatory performance were not significant associations (p ≥ 0.135). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that age may have a significant influence on masticatory performance in the studied age groups, challenging previous notions that aging itself has little impact on masticatory ability. The inclusion of centenarians in the study highlights the need for further investigation into masticatory function in age groups reaching up to 100 years or more. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study contributes to the understanding of how ageing affects oral function, which may guide dental treatment approaches for older individuals, and set the stage for more in-depth investigations in this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sekundo
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Frese
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Alich
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Langowski
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sinclair Awounvo
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Wolff
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zenthöfer
- Heidelberg University, Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Mohammed LI, Razali R, Zakaria ZZ, Benslimane FM, Cyprian F, Al-Asmakh M. Smoking induced salivary microbiome dysbiosis and is correlated with lipid biomarkers. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:608. [PMID: 38796419 PMCID: PMC11127352 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining oral homeostasis and health; smoking significantly affects it, leading to microbial dysbiosis. The study aims to investigate changes in the oral microbiome composition of smokers in the Qatari population and establish a correlation with lipid biomarkers. METHODS The oral microbiota was profiled from saliva samples of 200 smokers and 100 non-smokers in the Qatari population, and 16s rRNA V3-V4 region were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were clustered using QIIME and the statistical analysis was performed by R. RESULTS Non-smokers exhibited a more diverse microbiome, with significant alpha and beta diversity differences between the non-smoker and smoker groups. Smokers had a higher abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Patescibacteria, and Proteobacteria at the phylum level and of Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella, TM7x, and Porphyromonas at the genus level. In contrast, non-smokers had more Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, and Patescibacteria at the phylum level, and Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Porphromonas, and Neisseria at the genus level. Notably, Streptococcus was significantly positively correlated with LDL and negatively correlated with HDL. Additionally, Streptococcus salivarius, within the genus Streptococcus, was substantially more abundant in smokers. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significant influence of smoking on the composition of the oral microbiome by enriching anaerobic microbes and depleting aerobic microbes. Moreover, the observed correlation between Streptococcus abundance and the lipid biomarkers suggests a potential link between smokers-induced salivary microbiome dysbiosis and lipid metabolism. Understanding the impact of smoking on altering the oral microbiome composition and its correlation with chemistry tests is essential for developing targeted interventions and strategies to improve oral health and reduce the risk of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla I Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, QU-Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Rozaimi Razali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, QU-Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- The KINDI Center for Computing Research, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zain Zaki Zakaria
- Medical and Health Sciences Office, QU-Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Farhan Cyprian
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, QU-Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
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Sigurðsson K, Andersen BV, Bendixen KH, Baad-Hansen L. Are orofacial pain and xerostomia associated with differences in diet, sensory perception, appetite and enjoyment of eating?-An explorative study. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:703-711. [PMID: 38087996 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orofacial function is believed to influence an individual's diet. knowledge on appetite and enjoyment of eating in orofacially impaired individuals is scarce. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore potential associations between impaired orofacial function, that is, orofacial pain, jaw function limitation and xerostomia, respectively, and diet, appetite, taste perception, as well as the enjoyment of eating. METHODS An online questionnaire was shared among Aarhus University's dental patients and through social media. A convenience sample of 351 individuals responded (97 men, 254 women, aged 18-86 years). Participants were divided into groups with and without orofacial pain or xerostomia based on responses. Questions about food intake, appetite, meal-related well-being and oral/general health were included. Data were analysed using Mann Whitney U tests, Spearman's correlation, Chi-square tests, and t-tests. RESULTS Participants with (n = 123) and without (n = 228) orofacial pain differed significantly regarding age, perceived oral/general health, frequency of consumption of for example cooked vegetables and raw whole fruit, perception of sourness, chewiness, and nausea/pain when eating (p ≤ .031). Participants with (n = 101) and without (n = 250) xerostomia differed significantly regarding perceived oral/general health, intake of prepared fruit, alcohol, ice cream/mousse/pudding, general appetite, intake of breakfast and liquid snacks, nausea/pain when eating, taste and chewiness of food (p ≤ .038). CONCLUSION Diet, appetite, taste and sensory perception, as well as enjoyment of eating of individuals reporting orofacial pain and/or xerostomia differed slightly to that of individuals free of such symptoms. However, due to the explorative nature of this study, the results should be interpreted with caution pending further research on potential long-term effects on nutritional status and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristófer Sigurðsson
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University and Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Barbara Vad Andersen
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSense Lab, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Haugaard Bendixen
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University and Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene Baad-Hansen
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University and Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
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Miyoshi S, Kawamoto A, Ninomiya Y, Hamada Y, Shimizu H, Honda Y, Takahashi K. Exploration of reference genes for the development of a diagnostic kit on vascular aging in human saliva. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:172-178. [PMID: 38246628 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Identifying reliable biomarkers in saliva can be a promising approach to developing a rapid diagnostic kit for detecting vascular aging. This study investigated the most suitable reference gene for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in saliva that is not affected by vascular aging variables. Whole saliva samples were collected to assess the expression of reference genes: actin beta (ACTB), 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA), beta-2-microglobulin, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The most abundantly expressed gene was 18S rRNA, and the least expressed gene was GAPDH. Four genes were ranked according to their relative stability, as determined by mathematical algorithms, indicating that ACTB and 18S rRNA were stably expressed as reference genes. 18S rRNA was identified as the most promising reference gene for detecting systemic diseases using saliva from patients with vascular aging in these limited experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiyo Kawamoto
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
| | - Yuichi Ninomiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | | | - Hideo Shimizu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Dental University
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Kogawa EM, Melo FF, Pires RG, Caetano PCC, de Lima Rodrigues J, Benito LAO, da Silva ICR, de Castro Cantuária AP, de Carvalho Sales-Peres SH. The changes on salivary flow rates, buffering capacity and chromogranin A levels in adults after bariatric surgery. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:159. [PMID: 38378939 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate changes in salivary flow rates, buffering capacity, and salivary chromogranin A (CHGA) levels in adults undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) compared with a non-obese control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Salivary analyses were performed on 62 participants aged over 50 years, stratified into two groups matched for age and gender-individuals who had undergone bariatric surgery (BS) (n = 31) and a corresponding healthy control group (n = 31). Before saliva collection, participants completed a comprehensive 11-point visual numerical rating scale (NRS 0-10) xerostomia questionnaire, assessing subjective perceptions of two key aspects: dryness of the oral mucosa and resultant impact on oral functional ability. Three distinct saliva measurements were obtained: unstimulated whole saliva (UWS), stimulated whole saliva (SWS), and unstimulated upper labial saliva (ULS). The buffering capacity of unstimulated saliva was assessed using pH indicator strips, and concentrations of salivary Chromogranin A (CHGA) were quantified in stimulated saliva via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS After BS, more than 40% of BS group patients reported xerostomia, with 16.1% experiencing only mild symptoms without significant functional impact (p = 0.009). The prevalence of xerostomia and tongue dryness was higher in the BS group compared to the control group (p = 0.028 and p = 0.025, respectively). The comparative analysis unveiled no statistically significant differences in flow rates of unstimulated upper labial saliva (ULS), unstimulated whole saliva (UWS), and stimulated whole saliva (SWS) between the control group and patients who underwent bariatric surgery. However, in patients undergone BS with xerostomia, both ULS and UWS flow rates were significantly lower than in controls with xerostomia (p = 0.014 and p = 0.007, respectively). The buffering capacity was significantly lower in patients undergone BS than in controls (p = 0.009). No differences were found between groups regarding CHGA concentration and output values, nevertheless, higher values of CHGA concentrations were significantly correlated to lower flow rates. CONCLUSION According to the results, this study suggests that individuals undergoing BS may exhibit altered salivary buffering capacity and reduced unstimulated salivary flows in the presence of xerostomia. Additionally, the findings suggest that elevated concentration of salivary CHGA might be associated, in part, with salivary gland hypofunction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The clinical significance of this study lies in highlighting the changes in salivary functions after BS. The identified salivary alterations might be attributed to adverse effects of BS such as vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux, and dehydration. Understanding these changes is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in the care of post-BS patients, as it sheds light on potential oral health challenges that may arise as a consequence of the surgical intervention. Monitoring and managing these salivary alterations can contribute to comprehensive patient care and enhance the overall postoperative experience for individuals undergoing BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Mikaela Kogawa
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
- Departamento de Odontologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Ferreira Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Reuel Gomes Pires
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 71966-700, Brazil
| | | | | | - Linconl Agudo Oliveira Benito
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde (PPGCTS), FCE, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 72220-275, Brazil
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10
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Song W, Liu H, Su Y, Zhao Q, Wang X, Cheng P, Wang H. Current developments and opportunities of pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for salivary gland hypofunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1346996. [PMID: 38313227 PMCID: PMC10834761 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1346996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) caused by systemic disease, drugs, aging, and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer can cause dry mouth, which increases the risk of disorders such as periodontitis, taste disorders, pain and burning sensations in the mouth, dental caries, and dramatically reduces the quality of life of patients. To date, the treatment of SGH is still aimed at relieving patients' clinical symptoms and improving their quality of life, and is not able to repair and regenerate the damaged salivary glands. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs), are an emerging source of cellular therapies that are capable of unlimited proliferation and differentiation into cells of all three germ layers. In recent years, the immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative effects of PSCs, their derived cells, and paracrine products of these cells have received increasing attention and have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in some preclinical studies targeting SGH. This review outlined the etiologies and available treatments for SGH. The existing efficacy and potential role of PSCs, their derived cells and paracrine products of these cells for SGH are summarized, with a focus on PSC-derived salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (SGS/PCs) and PSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this Review, we provide a conceptual outline of our current understanding of PSCs-based therapy and its importance in SGH treatment, which may inform and serve the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Research and Development Department, Allife Medicine Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Khavandgar Z, Warner BM, Baer AN. Evaluation and management of dry mouth and its complications in rheumatology practice. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:1-19. [PMID: 37823475 PMCID: PMC10841379 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2268283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The symptom of dry mouth has multiple potential etiologies and can be a diagnostic clue to the presence of common systemic diseases encountered in rheumatology practice. The presence of decreased saliva flow (i.e. salivary hypofunction) defines a subset of dry mouth patients in whom there may be reversible drug effects, an iatrogenic insult such as head and neck irradiation, or a disease that directly involves the salivary glands (e.g. Sjögren's disease). The assessment of salivary hypofunction includes sialometry, salivary gland imaging, salivary gland biopsy, and an assessment for relevant systemic diseases. Optimal management of dry mouth requires accurate definition of its cause, followed by general measures that serve to alleviate its symptoms and prevent its complications. AREAS COVERED Through a literature search on xerostomia and salivary hypofunction, we provide an overview of the causes of dry mouth, highlight the potential impact of salivary hypofunction on oral and systemic health, detail routine evaluation methods and treatment strategies, and emphasize the importance of collaboration with oral health care providers. EXPERT OPINION Our Expert Opinion is provided on unmet needs in the management of dry mouth and relevant research progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Khavandgar
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Blake M. Warner
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan N. Baer
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Burdick R, Bayne D, Hitchcock M, Gilmore-Bykovskyi A, Shune S, Rogus-Pulia N. The Impact of Modifiable Preoral Factors on Swallowing and Nutritional Outcomes in Healthy Adults: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:4860-4895. [PMID: 37931134 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Swallowing has previously been characterized as consisting of four phases; however, it has become apparent that these four phases are not truly discrete and may be influenced by factors occurring prior to bolus entrance into the oral cavity (i.e., preoral factors). Still, the relationship between these factors and swallowing remains poorly understood. The aim of this review was to synthesize and characterize the literature pertaining to the influence of preoral factors on swallowing and nutritional outcomes in healthy individuals. METHOD We performed a scoping review, searching the databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Scopus. Search terms included those related to swallowing, experience of preoral factors, and exclusionary terminology to reduce animal and pediatric literature. Our initial search revealed 5,560 unique articles, of which 153 met our inclusionary criteria and were accepted into the review. RESULTS Of the accepted articles, 78% were focused exclusively on nutritional outcomes, 17% were focused on both swallowing and nutritional outcomes, and 5% were focused on solely swallowing outcomes. Of the preoral factors examined, 99% were exteroceptive in nature (17% olfactory, 44% visual, 21% auditory, 7% tactile, 11% other), while 1% were proprioceptive in nature. CONCLUSIONS This review supports the influence of preoral factors on swallowing and nutritional outcomes. However, there is a large emphasis on the visual modality and on nutritional outcomes. Nearly none of the literature found in this review directly measured swallowing safety, efficiency, or physiology. Future work will benefit from a larger focus on proprioceptive preoral factors as they relate to swallowing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Burdick
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans' Hospital, Madison, WI
| | - David Bayne
- Communication Disorders and Sciences Program, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | | | - Andrea Gilmore-Bykovskyi
- BerbeeWalsh Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Samantha Shune
- Communication Disorders and Sciences Program, University of Oregon, Eugene
| | - Nicole Rogus-Pulia
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans' Hospital, Madison, WI
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Kim S, Kim JM, Jeon EJ, Kim JW, Choi ME, Park JM, Choi JS. Supernatant of activated platelet-rich plasma rejuvenated aging-induced hyposalivation in mouse. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21242. [PMID: 38040732 PMCID: PMC10692196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyposalivation is a common complaint among the elderly, but no established treatment prevents age-induced hyposalivation. Platelet derivatives such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF), are used widely in different areas of regenerative medicine to enhance the wound healing processes. This study examined whether the local injection of the supernatant of activated PRP (saPRP) into the salivary gland (SG) could help prevent aging-induced SG dysfunction and explored the mechanisms responsible for the protective effects on the SG hypofunction. The platelets were separated from the blood of male SD rats (220 ± 20 g). saPRP was manufactured by removing the fibrin clot after activating platelet with calcium ionophore 10 μM (A23187). The total protein and TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in saPRP than in PRP. Human salivary gland epithelial cell(hSGEC) was treated with saPRP or PRP after senescence through irradiation. The significant proliferation of hSGEC was observed in saPRP treated group compared to irradiation only group and irradiation + PRP group. Cellular senescence, apoptosis, and inflammation significantly reduced in saPRP group. The SG function and structural tissue remodeling by the saPRP were investigated with naturally aged mice. The mice were divided into three groups: 3 months old (3 M), 22 months old (22 M), and 22 months old treated with saPRP (22 M + saPRP). Salivary flow rate and lag time were significantly improved in 22 M + saPRP group compared to 22 M group. The histologic examinations showed the significant proliferation of acinar cell in 22 M + saPRP group. The decrease of senescence, apoptosis, and inflammation observed by western blot in 22 M + saPRP group. The saPRP induced the proliferation of hSGECs, leading to a significant decrease in cellular senescence via decrease inflammation and apoptosis, in vitro. Moreover, the acini cells of the salivary gland were regenerated, and the salivary function increased in aged mice. These results showed that saPRP could be a treatment agent against aging-induced SG dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungryeal Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mi Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Eun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mi Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Michail A, Almirza M, Alwaely F, Arany S. Anticholinergic burden of medications is associated with dry mouth and reflected in minor labial gland secretion. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 156:105824. [PMID: 37865013 PMCID: PMC10841478 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medications with anticholinergic potential inhibit saliva secretion. Polypharmacy potentiates anticholinergic burden, causing dry mouth symptoms and chronic deterioration of oral health. Patients of any age can be affected by anticholinergic medication-triggered hyposalivation (the objective measure of dry mouth); therefore, seeking predictions of hyposalivation to screen dry mouth is needed. DESIGN In our prospective, cross-sectional clinical study, 55 middle-aged adult patients participated. We examined whether the anticholinergic burden calculated from anticholinergic medications (anticholinergic drug score; ADS) and blood serum anticholinergic activity (SAA; the gold standard measure of anticholinergic burden) is associated with hyposalivation. As no prior studies measured minor salivary glands regarding the quantifiable anticholinergic burden, we assessed hyposalivation by the minor saliva flow (MSF) and unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) secretion. RESULTS Our data showed a negative linear relationship between SAA and UWS (p < 0.05); when SAA increases by one pmol/ml unit, the saliva flow decreases by 0.058 ml/min. MSF showed a linear correlation (p < 0.005) with UWS. In a multivariate logistic regression model (including age, gender, race, smoking status, xerostomia severity, ADS, and BMI), we identified SAA and age as predictors of hyposalivation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for the significant relationship between measurable anticholinergic burden and saliva flow. The correlation between UWS and MSF suggests that both saliva flow rate measurement methods could reflect anticholinergics-induced changes in salivary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Michail
- General Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, 625 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Mohammed Almirza
- General Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, 625 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Furqan Alwaely
- General Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, 625 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Specialty Care Clinic, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, 625 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Szilvia Arany
- Specialty Care Clinic, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, 625 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
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Lyu C, Vonk M, Hayes JE, Chen J, Forde CG, Stieger M. The heat is on: Consumers modify their oral processing behavior when eating spicy foods. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100597. [PMID: 37840696 PMCID: PMC10569983 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Food texture properties and consumer characteristics influence oral processing behaviors. Little is known about oral processing behavior of pungent spicy foods. In two experiments, we investigated how adding ground dried chilies to tomato soup or beef patties and curried rice altered oral processing behaviors. In Experiment One, tomato soups differing in concentration of added ground dried chilies (0.01, 0.03, 0.20 or 0.40% w/w) were consumed (n = 23). In Experiment Two, lunch meals that differed in added ground dried chilies consisting of beef patties (0.0, 0.6 or 1.2% w/w) and curried rice (0.0, 0.4 or 1.0% w/w) were consumed (n = 49). Sip/bite sizes were determined using hidden balances. Oral processing behavior was quantified using video recordings followed by post hoc annotations of specific behaviors. When eating tomato soup, increasing oral burn was associated with increasing number of water sips, water intake and total time between sips. For the solid meals (beef patties and curried rice), increasing oral burn was associated with increased time between bites and total sips of water; conversely, total oral exposure time, total number of chews and number of chews per bite all decreased with greater burn. Saliva content and rate of saliva incorporation into the solid food bolus increased with added ground dried chilies while oral exposure time decreased. We conclude consumers adapt their oral processing behaviors to oral burn of solid foods by reducing oro-sensory exposure time, chewing bites less, increasing time between bites, and consuming more water, potentially to mitigate the discomfort associated with the burn imparted by ground dried chilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lyu
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marlotte Vonk
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - John E. Hayes
- Sensory Evaluation Center, Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 220 Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ciarán G. Forde
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Stieger
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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16
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Chen Y, Fogel A, Bi Y, Yen CC. Factors associated with eating rate: a systematic review and narrative synthesis informed by socio-ecological model. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37749936 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows associations between rapid eating and overweight. Modifying eating rate might be a potential weight management strategy without imposing additional dietary restrictions. A comprehensive understanding of factors associated with eating speed will help with designing effective interventions. The aim of this review was to synthesise the current state of knowledge on the factors associated with eating rate. The socio-ecological model (SEM) was utilised to scaffold the identified factors. A comprehensive literature search of eleven databases was conducted to identify factors associated with eating rate. The 104 studies that met the inclusion criteria were heterogeneous in design and methods of eating rate measurement. We identified thirty-nine factors that were independently linked to eating speed and mapped them onto the individual, social and environmental levels of the SEM. The majority of the reported factors pertained to the individual characteristics (n = 20) including demographics, cognitive/psychological factors and habitual food oral processing behaviours. Social factors (n = 11) included eating companions, social and cultural norms, and family structure. Environmental factors (n = 8) included food texture and presentation, methods of consumption or background sounds. Measures of body weight, food form and characteristics, food oral processing behaviours and gender, age and ethnicity were the most researched and consistent factors associated with eating rate. A number of other novel and underresearched factors emerged, but these require replication and further research. We highlight directions for further research in this space and potential evidence-based candidates for interventions targeting eating rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Division of Industrial Design, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Keio-NUS CUTE Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Fogel
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yue Bi
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Chiuan Yen
- Division of Industrial Design, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Keio-NUS CUTE Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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17
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parvaei P, eydzadeh M, Osmani F. Can the salivary urea and stimulated saliva concentration be a marker of periodontal diseases in opioid users? A case-control study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17093. [PMID: 37539234 PMCID: PMC10394901 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction & Aim: Microbial plaque is the primary cause of periodontal diseases, and smoking and opioid addiction can accelerate microbial plaque formation and disease progression. Adequate saliva flow and salivary urea concentration are important parameters for a healthy periodontium. In this study, the relationship between Periodontal Diseases and the History of opioid addiction was investigated by measuring the Salivary Urea and Stimulated Saliva Concentration. Materials & methods This case-control study was conducted on 240 patients (120 cases and 120 controls) in 2021 referred to addiction treatment centers and the dental clinic in Iran, Birjand. The control and case groups were matched in terms of age. Demographic, base data, and clinical examination results were collected by a checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 and one-way ANOVA and chi-square tests. P-value <0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results Periodontitis severity was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P-value = 0/000). Salivary urea concentration significantly increased in both case and control groups with an increase in periodontitis severity (P-value = 0/003 in the case group and P-value = 0/000 in the control group), but there was no significant relationship between the stimulated saliva flow rate and the severity of periodontitis in these two groups (P-value>0.05). Conclusion Following the use of opioids, the flow of saliva decreases, and with the exacerbation of the periodontal disease, the concentration of urea in saliva increases. Therefore, it seems that the analysis of saliva parameters, including urea concentration, can be useful for the diagnosis of periodontal disease, and saliva urea concentration is not directly related to opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin parvaei
- Dentistry Clinical Research Development Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Marzie eydzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Freshteh Osmani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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18
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Rudisch DM, Krasko MN, Burdick R, Broadfoot CK, Rogus-Pulia N, Ciucci MR. Dysphagia in Parkinson Disease: Part I - Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Practices. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2023; 11:176-187. [PMID: 37608845 PMCID: PMC10441627 DOI: 10.1007/s40141-023-00392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Dysphagia affects the majority of individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) and is not typically diagnosed until later in disease progression. This review will cover the current understanding of PD pathophysiology, and provides an overview of dysphagia in PD including diagnostic practices, gaps in knowledge, and future directions. Recent Findings Many non-motor and other motor signs of PD appear in the prodrome prior to the manifestation of hall- mark signs and diagnosis. While dysphagia often presents already in the prodrome, it is not routinely addressed in standard neurology examinations. Summary Dysphagia in PD can result in compromised efficiency and safety of swallowing, which significantly contributes to malnutrition and dehydration, decrease quality of life, and increase mortality. The heterogeneous clinical presentation of PD complicates diagnostic procedures which often leads to delayed treatment. Research has advanced our knowledge of mechanisms underlying PD, but dysphagia is still largely understudied, especially in the prodromal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Michael Rudisch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Maryann N Krasko
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ryan Burdick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Courtney K Broadfoot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nicole Rogus-Pulia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Hummler H, Sarwinska D, Weitschies W, Gollasch M, Page S. Parameters to Consider for Successful Medication Use in Older Adults - an AGePOP Review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023:106453. [PMID: 37149104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Older adults are the main users of medicine and due to their multimorbidity are often faced/confronted with a complex medication management. This review article provides a brief overview on aspects of medication management such as maintaining a stock of the required medicine, understanding and following the instructions for use, coping with the primary and secondary packaging as well as preparation prior to use. The main focus however is on the drug intake itself and provides an overview about the current understanding of real life dosing conditions of older adults and geriatric patients. Furthermore, it elaborates the acceptability of dosage forms, in particular solid oral dosage forms as they represent the majority of dosage forms taken by these patient populations. An improved understanding of the needs of older adults and geriatric patients, their acceptability of various dosage forms and the circumstances under which they manage their medications, will make the design of more patient-centric drug products possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Hummler
- Pharma Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacher Str. 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorota Sarwinska
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanne Page
- Pharma Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacher Str. 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Momma E, Koeda M, Hoshikawa Y, Tanabe T, Hoshino S, Kawami N, Iwakiri K. Significantly Lower Saliva Secretion in Females With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Healthy Subjects Than in Males. Cureus 2023; 15:e39020. [PMID: 37323355 PMCID: PMC10265308 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Saliva secretion in healthy subjects is lower in females than in males. The present study investigated sex differences in saliva secretion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and healthy controls. METHODS This case-control study included 39 (male/female: 16/23) with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), 49 (25/24) patients with mild reflux esophagitis, 45 (23/22) with severe reflux esophagitis (A1), and 46 (24/22) healthy controls. Saliva secretion was examined as follows: before endoscopy, patients chewed sugar-free gum for three minutes, and the amount and pH of saliva before and after acid loading as an index of acid-buffering capacity were evaluated. The relationships between saliva secretion and body mass index, height, and weight were also examined. RESULTS The amount of saliva secreted was significantly lower in females than in males in all four groups (NERD, mild reflux esophagitis, severe reflux esophagitis, and healthy controls). Salivary pH and acid-buffering capacity were similar in all groups. The amount of saliva secreted positively correlated with height and body weight, albeit more strongly with height. CONCLUSION A sex difference in saliva secretion exists in GERD patients, similar to healthy controls. Saliva secretion was significantly lower in female GERD patients than in male GERD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Momma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate school of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Mai Koeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Yoshimasa Hoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Tomohide Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Shintaro Hoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Noriyuki Kawami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Katsuhiko Iwakiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
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21
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Koeda M, Momma E, Tanabe T, Kitasako Y, Hoshikawa Y, Hoshino S, Kawami N, Iwakiri K. Differences in salivary secretion and epidermal growth factor concentrations in mild reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease. Esophagus 2023; 20:317-324. [PMID: 36344779 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-022-00966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in salivary secretion have been reported among healthy subjects. In the present study, salivary secretion and salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations were investigated in mild reflux esophagitis patients, non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) patients, and healthy controls by matching the sex ratio. METHODS Thirty-three (male:female = 11:22) patients with NERD, 33 (11:22) with mild reflux esophagitis, and 33 (11:22) healthy controls were recruited for this case-control study. Salivary secretion was assessed as follows: each patient chewed sugar-free gum for 3 min prior to endoscopy, and the amount of saliva secretion, salivary pH, and salivary pH after acid loading as an index of the acid-buffering capacity were measured. Salivary EGF concentrations were measured by ELISA. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the amount of saliva secretion, salivary pH, or the acid-buffering capacity between the mild reflux esophagitis and NERD groups. However, the amount of saliva secretion and the acid-buffering capacity in the mild reflux esophagitis group and the amount of saliva secretion, salivary pH, and the acid-buffering capacity in the NERD group were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group. No significant differences were noted in salivary EGF concentrations between the mild reflux esophagitis and NERD groups. CONCLUSION After matching the sex ratio, the saliva secretion was significantly lower in patients with mild reflux esophagitis and NERD than in healthy controls. However, no significant differences were observed in the amount of saliva secretion or salivary EGF concentrations between both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Koeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Eri Momma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitasako
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Dental Clinic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2-2-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Hoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kawami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Iwakiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
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22
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Ageing modifies acute resting blood pressure responses to incremental consumption of dietary nitrate: a randomised, cross-over clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:442-453. [PMID: 35508923 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Beetroot (BR) is a rich source of nitrate (NO3-) that has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP). Yet, no studies have examined the vascular benefits of BR in whole-food form and whether the effects are modified by age. This study was a four-arm, randomised, open-label, cross-over design in twenty-four healthy adults (young n 12, age 27 ± 4 years, old n 12, age 64 ± 5 years). Participants consumed whole-cooked BR at portions of (NO3- content in brackets) 100 g (272 mg), 200 g (544 mg) and 300 g (816 mg) and a 200-ml solution containing 1000 mg of potassium nitrate (KNO3) on four separate occasions over a 4-week period (≥7-d washout period). BP, plasma NO3- and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations, and post-occlusion reactive hyperaemia via laser Doppler, were measured pre- and up to 5-h post-intervention. Data were analysed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Plasma NO2- concentrations were higher in the young v. old at baseline and post-intervention (P < 0·05). All NO3- interventions decreased systolic and diastolic BP in young participants (P < 0·05), whereas only KNO3 (at 240-300 min post-intake) significantly decreased systolic (-4·8 mmHg, -3·5 %, P = 0·024) and diastolic (-5·4 mmHg, -6·5 %, P = 0·007) BP in older participants. In conclusion, incremental doses of dietary NO3- reduced systolic and diastolic BP in healthy young adults whereas in the older group a significant decrease was only observed with the highest dose. The lower plasma NO2- concentrations in older participants suggest that there may be mechanistic differences in the production of NO from dietary NO3- in young and older populations.
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23
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Kan CY, H'ng JX, Goh A, Smales F, Tan EL, Zhang S, Pichika MR, Parolia A. Effect of Sustained Systemic Administration of Ginger (Z officinale) Rhizome Extracts on Salivary Flow in Mice. Int Dent J 2023; 73:63-70. [PMID: 35725589 PMCID: PMC9875258 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of methanol (70% v/v), ethanol (80% v/v), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 100% v/v) extracts of ginger rhizome (GR), and 6-shogaol on the pilocarpine-stimulated salivary flow rate in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Three extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome prepared by maceration using the respective solvents and 6-shogoal were reconstituted in normal saline with 0.2% DMSO. Thirty C57BL/6 15-week-old mice were divided into 5 groups: Group 1, saline; Group 2, 70% methanol extract; Group 3, 80% ethanol extract; Group 4, 100% DMSO extract; and Group 5, 6-shogaol. The baseline pilocarpine-stimulated salivary flow rate was measured at the age of 15 weeks (15th week), and treatment solutions were administered by intraperitoneal injection from the 16th to 18th week. The stimulated salivary flow rate during treatment weeks was recorded for each group, and its difference with baseline was analysed using paired-sample t test. The change in salivary flow rate between the treatment groups and the control group was analysed using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 showed a significant increase in salivary flow rate when compared to baseline (P < .05). The increase in salivary flow rate in all 4 treatment groups was significant when compared to the control group (P < .05). Group 4 produced the highest increase in salivary flow rate; however, the differences amongst the treatment groups did not reach statistical significance (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS All GR extracts (70% methanol, 80% ethanol, 100% DMSO) and 6-shogaol were equally effective in increasing the pilocarpine-stimulated salivary flow rate in C57BL/6 mice when administered systemically as a sustained dose for 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yu Kan
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jing Xuan H'ng
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andy Goh
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Frederick Smales
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Lai Tan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiming Zhang
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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24
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Agorastos G, van Halsema E, Bast A, Klosse P. On the importance of saliva in mouthfeel sensations. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2023.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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McNicholas K, François M, Liu JW, Doecke JD, Hecker J, Faunt J, Maddison J, Johns S, Pukala TL, Rush RA, Leifert WR. Salivary inflammatory biomarkers are predictive of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in a feasibility study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1019296. [PMID: 36438010 PMCID: PMC9685799 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1019296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an insidious disease. Its distinctive pathology forms over a considerable length of time without symptoms. There is a need to detect this disease, before even subtle changes occur in cognition. Hallmark AD biomarkers, tau and amyloid-β, have shown promising results in CSF and blood. However, detecting early changes in these biomarkers and others will involve screening a wide group of healthy, asymptomatic individuals. Saliva is a feasible alternative. Sample collection is economical, non-invasive and saliva is an abundant source of proteins including tau and amyloid-β. This work sought to extend an earlier promising untargeted mass spectrometry study in saliva from individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD with age- and gender-matched cognitively normal from the South Australian Neurodegenerative Disease cohort. Five proteins, with key roles in inflammation, were chosen from this study and measured by ELISA from individuals with AD (n = 16), MCI (n = 15) and cognitively normal (n = 29). The concentrations of Cystatin-C, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, Stratifin, Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and Haptoglobin proteins had altered abundance in saliva from AD and MCI, consistent with the earlier study. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that combinations of these proteins demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing both MCI (area under curve = 0.97) and AD (area under curve = 0.97) from cognitively normal. These results provide evidence for saliva being a valuable source of biomarkers for early detection of cognitive impairment in individuals on the AD continuum and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym McNicholas
- Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Human Health Program, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maxime François
- Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Human Health Program, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Research and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - James D. Doecke
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane Hecker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jeff Faunt
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Maddison
- Aged Care Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, SA Health, Modbury Hospital, Modbury, SA, Australia
| | - Sally Johns
- Aged Care Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, SA Health, Modbury Hospital, Modbury, SA, Australia
| | - Tara L. Pukala
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Wayne R. Leifert
- Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Human Health Program, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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26
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Liu F, Song S, Ye X, Huang S, He J, Wang G, Hu X. Oral health-related multiple outcomes of holistic health in elderly individuals: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1021104. [PMID: 36388333 PMCID: PMC9650948 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1021104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Along with an aging population, exploring the impact of oral health on holistic health and determining exact outcomes in elderly individuals are important in both scientific research and clinical practice. Significant increase in the number of systematic reviews shows that oral health can directly or indirectly affect the overall health of elderly people physically, mentally and socially. To systematically collate, appraise, and synthesize the current evidence, we carried out an umbrella review of the impacts of oral health on holistic health in elderly individuals. Methods A systematic reviews and meta-analyses search was performed in the major databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to February 1, 2022, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses was referred to assess methodological quality, and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group classification) was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome included in the umbrella review. Results Out of 1,067 records, a total of 35 systematic reviews were included. Respiratory diseases, malnutrition, age-related oral changes, frailty, cognitive impairment, depression and poor quality of life were identified as seven key outcomes that affect the physical, mental and social health of elderly individuals. Meanwhile, three intervention measures of oral health were summarized as (i) more rigorous and universal scales, (ii) dental cleaning and denture installation, and (iii) improving self-awareness regarding oral care. Conclusions Evidence showed that oral health can significantly affect holistic health, and the diverse oral diseases directly lead to multiple health outcomes in elderly individuals. Clear high-quality evidence revealed that oral health is strongly associated with seven health outcomes covering physical, mental, and social levels, which directly corresponds to holistic health, and impacts the quality of life of elderly individuals. Such the results remind the importance of oral care in public health, and further studies need to be conducted to verity more specific association between oral health and other chronic diseases. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier: CRD42022315315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- West China School of Nursing, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siping Song
- West China School of Nursing, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Ye
- West China School of Nursing, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqi Huang
- West China School of Nursing, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing He
- West China School of Nursing, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiuying Hu
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27
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Bosman P, Pichon V, Acevedo AC, Le Pottier L, Pers JO, Chardin H, Combès A. Untargeted Metabolomic Approach to Study the Impact of Aging on Salivary Metabolome in Women. Metabolites 2022; 12:986. [PMID: 36295888 PMCID: PMC9612358 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in salivary metabolomics, few studies have investigated the impact of aging on the salivary metabolome. The alterations in metabolic pathways that occur with aging are likely to be observed in pathologies affecting older people and may interfere with the search for salivary biomarkers. It is therefore important to investigate the age-related changes occurring in the salivary metabolome. Using reversed phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry used in positive and negative ionization modes, the salivary metabolic profiles of young (22 to 45 years old) and older people (55 to 92 years old) were obtained. Those profiles were compared with the use of XCMS online to highlight the under or overexpression of some metabolites with aging. A total of 60 metabolites showed differential expression with age. The identification of 26 of them was proposed by the METLIN database and, among them, 17 were validated by standard injections. Aging seemed to affect most of the main metabolic pathways (amino acid metabolism, Krebs cycle, fatty acid synthesis, and nucleic acid synthesis). Moreover, most of the metabolites that were over- or under-expressed with age in this study have already been identified as being potential biomarkers of diseases affecting older people, such as in Alzheimer's disease. Special attention should be paid in the search for biomarkers of pathologies affecting the elderly to differentiate age-related changes from disease-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bosman
- Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, Bioanalytiques et Miniaturisation, UMR 8231 CBI CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pichon
- Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, Bioanalytiques et Miniaturisation, UMR 8231 CBI CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF CEP 70910-900, Brazil
- Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Jacques Olivier Pers
- LBAI, UMR 1227, Université de Brest, Inserm, 29200 Brest, France
- University Hospital of Brest, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Hélène Chardin
- Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, Bioanalytiques et Miniaturisation, UMR 8231 CBI CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Combès
- Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, Bioanalytiques et Miniaturisation, UMR 8231 CBI CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, 75005 Paris, France
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28
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Mulheren R, Westemeyer RM, Dietsch AM. The effect of taste on swallowing: A scoping and systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1256-1282. [PMID: 36036968 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Consuming foods and liquids for nutrition requires the coordination of several muscles. Swallowing is triggered and modified by sensory inputs from the aerodigestive tract. Taste has recently received attention as a potential modulator of swallowing physiology, function, and neural activation; additionally, taste impairment is a sequela of COVID-19. This review presents factors impacting taste and swallowing, systematically summarizes the existing literature, and assesses the quality of included studies. A search was conducted for original research including taste stimulation, deglutition-related measure(s), and human participants. Study design, independent and dependent variables, and participant characteristics were coded; included studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias. Forty-eight articles were included after abstract and full-text review. Synthesis was complicated by variable sensory components of stimuli (taste category and intensity, pure taste vs. flavor, chemesthesis, volume/amount, consistency, temperature), participant characteristics, confounding variables such as genetic taster status, and methods of measurement. Most studies had a high risk of at least one type of bias and were of fair or poor quality. Interpretation is limited by wide variability in methods, taste stimulation, confounding factors, and lower-quality evidence. Existing studies suggest that taste can modulate swallowing, but more rigorous and standardized research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Mulheren
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ross M Westemeyer
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Angela M Dietsch
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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29
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Toan NK, Kim SA, Ahn SG. Ascorbic acid induces salivary gland function through TET2/acetylcholine receptor signaling in aging SAMP1/Klotho (-/-) mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6028-6046. [PMID: 35951355 PMCID: PMC9417236 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging affects salivary gland function and alters saliva production and excretion. This study aimed to investigate whether ascorbic acid can be used to treat salivary gland dysfunction in an extensive aging mouse model of SAMP1/Klotho-/- mice. In our previous study, we found that ascorbic acid biosynthesis was disrupted in the salivary glands of SAMP1/Klotho (-/-) mice subjected to metabolomic profiling analysis. In SAMP1/Klotho -/- mice, daily supplementation with ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg for 18 days) significantly increased saliva secretion compared with the control. The expression of salivary gland functional markers (α-amylase, ZO-1, and Aqua5) is upregulated. Additionally, acetylcholine and/or beta-adrenergic receptors (M1AchR, M3AchR, and Adrb1) were increased by ascorbic acid in the salivary glands of aging mice, and treatment with ascorbic acid upregulated the expression of acetylcholine receptors through the DNA demethylation protein TET2. These results suggest that ascorbic acid could overcome the lack caused by dysfunction of ascorbic acid biosynthesis and induce the recovery of salivary gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Khanh Toan
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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30
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Lee JY, Kim JR, Byun JS, Choi JK, Jung JK. The effect of mucosal dryness on the electrogustometric threshold. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113826. [PMID: 35490777 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Electrogustometry (EGM) is one of the most useful diagnostic tools widely used to evaluate the taste function by measuring the perception threshold to electrogustatory stimuli on the tongue. However, the effects of oral environments on electrogustometric threshold (EGMT) remain to be established despite its simple applicability. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of mucosal dryness on EGMT in 68 healthy subjects. The experiment was conducted in two different conditions. First, the baseline EGMT was measured when the dryness of the tongue surface was normal. Second, the EGMT was remeasured after the tongue was intentionally desiccated. The current study showed that the mean of the EGMT was significantly increased when the tongue was desiccated, possibly indicating the reduced sensitivity to electrogustatory stimuli. Such an alteration may be related to the disturbed EGM electrical circuit through the dried mucosa with enhanced impedance. Thus, these findings suggested that mucosal dryness should be considered for better evaluation of gustatory function using EGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Rak Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Byun
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Kap Choi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Jung
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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31
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Yoshizato K, Taira T, Sato-Matsubara M, Sekiguchi S, Yabunaka Y, Kira Y, Ohashi T, Daikoku A, Ofusa K, Kadono C, Oikawa D, Matsubara T, Nakagama Y, Kido Y, Tokunaga F, Ikeda K, Kaneko A, Kawada N. Cloaking the ACE2 receptor with salivary cationic proteins inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry. J Biochem 2022; 172:205-216. [PMID: 35792074 PMCID: PMC9278198 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Saliva contributes to the innate immune system, which suggests that it can prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry. We studied the ability of healthy salivary proteins to bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) using biolayer interferometry and pull-down assays. Their effects on binding between the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 (S1) and ACE2 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Saliva bound to ACE2 and disrupted the binding of S1 to ACE2 and four ACE2-binding salivary proteins were identified, including cationic histone H2A and neutrophil elastase, which inhibited the S1-ACE2 interaction. Calf thymus histone (ct-histone) also inhibited binding as effectively as histone H2A. The results of a cell-based infection assay indicated that ct-histone suppressed SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral invasion into ACE2-expressing host cells. Manufactured polypeptides, such as ε-poly-L-lysine, also disrupted S1-ACE2 binding, indicating the importance of the cationic properties of salivary proteins in ACE2 binding. Overall, we demonstrated that positively-charged salivary proteins are a barrier against SARS-CoV-2 entry by cloaking the negatively-charged surface of ACE2, and provided a view that the cationic polypeptides represent a preventative and therapeutic treatment against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Osaka Metropolitan University Donated Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Osaka Metropolitan University BioIntegrence Co., Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Toshio Taira
- Sapporo Division, Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd. , Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0261, Japan
| | - Misako Sato-Matsubara
- Osaka Metropolitan University Donated Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shizuko Sekiguchi
- Sapporo Division, Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd. , Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0261, Japan
| | - Yoriko Yabunaka
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Research Support Platform, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukimi Kira
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Research Support Platform, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsu Ohashi
- Sapporo Division, Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd. , Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0261, Japan
| | - Atsuko Daikoku
- Osaka Metropolitan University Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ken Ofusa
- Osaka Metropolitan University Laboratory of Foods and Life Sciences, IDEA Consultants, Inc., Osaka, Osaka 559-8519, Japan; 8 Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Chiho Kadono
- Osaka Metropolitan University Donated Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Oikawa
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Osaka Metropolitan University Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yu Nakagama
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kido
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ikeda
- Osaka Metropolitan University Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Chaffee O, McGillivray A, Duizer L, Ross CF. Identifying elements of a ready-to-eat meal desired by older adults. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Montero ML, Ross CF. Saltiness perception in white sauce formulations as tested in older adults. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Retronasal Aroma of Beef Pate Analyzed by a Chewing Simulator. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103259. [PMID: 35630737 PMCID: PMC9144688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In retronasal aroma, the targeted aroma compounds are released from food during chewing. The changes in the food structures during chewing strongly influence the release of the compounds, therefore affecting the perception of food. Here, the relationship between retronasal aroma and food deliciousness based on the physicochemical properties of aroma compounds was examined. We considered the consumption of solid foods and the effect of oral parameters in elderly people. Beef pate was used as a model food sample to study the effect of the release of aroma compounds under controlled in vitro mastication and salivation conditions using a chewing simulator. We identified the effects of coexisting ingredients such as beef fat on the time course behavior of the release of aroma compounds. In particular, the release of the middle types of aromas was significantly faster with stronger chewing force, and higher with a high fat content of the sample. In addition, a larger release intensity was observed when soy proteins were partially substituted for beef proteins. Using an appropriate model saliva, a change in the salting-out effect from the saliva composition was found to be a factor, which could explain the lowering of aroma sensation in an elderly person.
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Muñoz-González C, Chaya C, Fernández-Ruiz V, Álvarez MD, Herranz B, Pozo-Bayón MÁ. Insights on the effect of age and gender on in-mouth volatile release during wine tasting. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yang LY, Lee BO, Lee KN, Chen CA. Effects of Electrical Stimulation of Acupoints on Xerostomia for Patients Who Undergo Hemodialysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030498. [PMID: 35326976 PMCID: PMC8954393 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia plays a major role in higher interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), which causes cardiovascular complications in patients who undergo hemodialysis. However, few studies have determined a method to manage xerostomia. This study determines the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on hemodialysis patients with xerostomia and the percentage of IDWG. The study was a single-blind and quasi-experimental study. There are 75 participants: 37 in the TEAS group and 38 in the contrast group. The TEAS group used 250 µs and 50 Hz and the contrast group used 50 µs and 2 Hz three times a week for 3 weeks to stimulate ST 6 and TE17 acupoints. The salivary flow rates, dry mouth, and %IDWG were determined before, during and one week after the program. Compared with the contrast group, the TEAS group showed a significantly improved salivary flow rate (mL/min) (F (2, 123) = 15.28, p < 0.0001), and patients recovered their normal salivary flow rate. However, the results show that both groups showed significant improvement in dry mouth after treatment. The TEAS group demonstrated no effect in terms of %IDWG, as expected. The results show that a TEAS program is an effective means of symptom management for xerostomia patients who undergo hemodialysis. A TEAS program can be used to manage symptoms for xerostomia patients who undergo hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Yang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (L.-Y.Y.); (B.-O.L.)
| | - Bih-O Lee
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (L.-Y.Y.); (B.-O.L.)
| | - Kai-Ni Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Tainan Sinlau Hospital, Tainan 701002, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-An Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Tainan Sinlau Hospital, Tainan 701002, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2748316 (ext. 2100)
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Morgado M, Ascenso C, Carmo J, Mendes JJ, Manso AC. pH analysis of still and carbonated bottled water: Potential influence on dental erosion. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:552-560. [PMID: 35191217 PMCID: PMC9033543 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess pH values to characterize bottled water in Portugal, being able to provide information for both patients and clinicians about its erosive potential, as a tool to prevent the ingrowing prevalence of dental erosion and its progression, especially in patients who are at greater risk, such as those with dry mouth syndrome, making the dissemination of this knowledge a fundamental tool for clinical decision. Materials and Methods One hundred and five common brands of bottled water (n = 105), commercialized in Portugal, were analyzed. Of these, 73 were smooth water (Group A) and 32 carbonated water (Group B). All pH values were assessed by potentiometric measurement with a calibrated electrode. For each brand, five independent measurements were recorded at 25°C for further calculation of the mean pH value and standard deviation. Results Focusing on the mean pH values from Group A, one had a pH mean value lower than 5.2, four between 5.2 and 5.5, thirty‐seven between 5.5 and 6.8, and thirty‐one higher than 6.8. In Group B, ten had a mean pH value lower than 5.2, ten between 5.2 and 5.5, twelve between 5.5 and 6.8, and none above 6.8. Conclusions Bottled water, commercialized in Portugal, has different mean pH values, some below the critical threshold of enamel and/or dentin, suggesting that they may have a greater risk of consumption than others, only with respect to the pH parameter of erosive potential. Further investigation concerning this area is needed for wider conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Morgado
- Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Higher Education School Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) Caparica Portugal
| | - Carla Ascenso
- Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Higher Education School Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) Caparica Portugal
| | - Joana Carmo
- Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Higher Education School Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) Caparica Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Higher Education School Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) Caparica Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Manso
- Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Higher Education School Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) Caparica Portugal
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Wollmer E, Ungell AL, Nicolas JM, Klein S. Review of paediatric gastrointestinal physiology relevant to the absorption of orally administered medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114084. [PMID: 34929252 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite much progress in regulations to improve paediatric drug development, there remains a significant need to develop better medications for children. For the design of oral dosage forms, a detailed understanding of the specific gastrointestinal (GI) conditions in children of different age categories and how they differ from GI conditions in adults is essential. Several review articles have been published addressing the ontogeny of GI characteristics, including luminal conditions in the GI tract of children. However, the data reported in most of these reviews are of limited quality because (1) information was cited from very old publications and sometimes low quality sources, (2) data gaps in the original data were filled with textbook knowledge, (3) data obtained on healthy and sick children were mixed, (4) average data obtained on groups of patients were mixed with data obtained on individual patients, and (5) results obtained using investigative techniques that may have altered the outcome of the respective studies were considered. Consequently, many of these reviews draw conclusions that may be incorrect. The aim of the present review was to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the available original data on the ontogeny of GI luminal conditions relevant to oral drug absorption in the paediatric population. To this end, the PubMed and Web of Science metadatabases were searched for appropriate studies that examined age-related conditions in the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. Maturation was observed for several GI parameters, and corresponding data sets were identified for each paediatric age group. However, it also became clear that the ontogeny of several GI traits in the paediatric population is not yet known. The review article provides a robust and valuable data set for the development of paediatric in vitro and in silico biopharmaceutical tools to support the development of age-appropriate dosage forms. In addition, it provides important information on existing data gaps and should provide impetus for further systematic and well-designed in vivo studies on GI physiology in children of specific age groups in order to close existing knowledge gaps and to sustainably improve oral drug therapy in children.
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Inamoto Y, Kaneoka A. Swallowing Disorders in the Elderly. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40141-021-00339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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40
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Lester S, Kleijn M, Cornacchia L, Hewson L, Taylor MA, Fisk I. Factors Affecting Adherence, Intake, and Perceived Palatability of Oral Nutritional Supplements: A Literature Review. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:663-674. [PMID: 35842756 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are a clinically effective and relatively inexpensive way to supplement the diet of patients with, or at risk of, undernutrition. Good adherence is a primary determinant of the effectiveness of ONS. However adherence can be problematic for those with the greatest clinical need, such as undernourished older adults. This review aimed to appraise the available literature for the factors (contextual, personal and product related) affecting patient adherence and perceived palatability of ONS, identify areas requiring improvement and uncover gaps in the evidence to guide the focus of future research. Contextual factors identified were healthcare staff and the timing of administration. Personal factors included sensory changes and motivation which alter experience of and desire to consume ONS. The product's sensory characteristics determined palatability and intake, but undesirable attributes, such as off-flavours, can stem from nutritional ingredients. The contribution made by aroma to older adults' experience of ONS was a comparatively under-researched area. Further research should address this evidence gap to optimise the flavour, aroma profile and palatability for undernourished older consumers, thereby optimising intake. A combined multidisciplinary effort involving strategic expansion of research, industry development and clinical practice should simultaneously address the factors identified, to provide the best approach to improve adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lester
- Ian Fisk, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom,
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41
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Colak S, Tekgoz E, Hayme S, Sonaeren I, Cinar M, Yilmaz S. The Risk of Presarcopenia Is Increased Among Female Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Rheumatol 2022; 28:e161-e165. [PMID: 33337813 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of sarcopenia among patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and the factors related with sarcopenia. METHODS Forty-four female patients with primary SS and 44 female control subjects were included in this cross-sectional study between February and August 2019. Sarcopenia was evaluated by the handgrip test, Skeletal Muscle Mass Index, and gait speed test. RESULTS Eleven patients (25.0%) had presarcopenia in the SS group and 2 (4.5%) in the control group (p = 0.007). Compared with control subjects, SS patients had lower results of hand grip and gait speed tests (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). According to the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form, patients with presarcopenia had higher risk of malnutrition compared with patients without sarcopenia (p = 0.043). Patients with presarcopenia had higher scores in the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Patient-Reported Index pain domain and patient visual analog scale for global disease activity compared with patients without sarcopenia (p = 0.044 and p = 0.036, respectively). In multivariate regression analysis, European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Patient-Reported Index pain was associated with hand grip strength (p = 0.016, R2 = 0.13) and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form was associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Risk of sarcopenia is increased in patients with SS. Pain and malnutrition may contribute to presarcopenia. Evaluating pain and patient's global disease activity may help physicians to determine patients with increased risk of sarcopenia. Controlling disease activity and pain and preventing malnutrition may reduce the risk of development of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Colak
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Gulhane Medicine Faculty
| | - Emre Tekgoz
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Gulhane Medicine Faculty
| | - Serhat Hayme
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Ilknur Sonaeren
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Cinar
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Gulhane Medicine Faculty
| | - Sedat Yilmaz
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Gulhane Medicine Faculty
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42
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Khramova DS, Popov SV. A secret of salivary secretions: Multimodal effect of saliva in sensory perception of food. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 130:e12846. [PMID: 34935208 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Saliva plays multifunctional roles in oral cavity. Even though its importance for the maintenance of oral health has long been established, the role of saliva in food perception has attracted increasing attention in recent years. We encourage researchers to discover the peculiarity of this biological fluid and aim to combine the data concerning all aspects of the saliva influence on the sensory perception of food. This review presents saliva as a unique material, which modulates food perception due to constant presence of saliva in the mouth and thanks to its composition. Therefore, we highlight the salivary components that contribute to these effects. Moreover, this review is an attempt to structure the effects of saliva on perception of different food categories, where the mechanisms of salivary impact in perception of liquid, semi-solid, and solid foods are revealed. Finally, we emphasize that the large inter-individual variability in salivary composition and secretion appear to contribute to the fact that everyone experiences food in their own way. Therefore, the design of the sensory studies should consider the properties of volunteers' saliva and also carefully monitor the experimental conditions that affect salivary composition and flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Khramova
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Коmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Коmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
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43
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Huang X, Guo Y, Wei Y. Gustatory Function and Salivary Flow Rate in Healthy Adults. Laryngoscope 2021; 132:844-848. [PMID: 34936101 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS In this study, we assessed gustatory function and whole-mouth saliva in healthy adults and investigated the association between gustatory function, salivary flow rate (SFR), and dry mouth. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive clinical study. METHODS We recruited 413 participants who reported a normal sense of smell-taste, comprising 206 females and 207 males with an age range of 19 to 80 years. Taste scores were obtained using whole-mouth tests to evaluate the gustatory function, SFR was assessed using the spitting method, and dry mouth was measured with the visual analog scale. RESULTS The total taste score (TTS) and SFR were significantly negatively correlated with age (rtaste = -0.522, P < .001; rSFR = -0.200, P < .001): TTS was significantly lower after the age of 50 and SFR decreased significantly after age 65. Women exhibited a significantly higher TTS than men (P < .001). However, there was no effect of sex on SFR. Dry mouth was negatively correlated with TTS (r = -0.223, P < .01) and SFR (r = -0.218, P < .01). Multiple regression analysis showed the independent variables of age, sex, and dry mouth predicted 34% of the variation in taste, while the independent variables of age and dry mouth predicted 6.1% of the variation in whole-mouth saliva. TTS was not significantly correlated with the SFR in healthy adults (r = 0.094, P = .056). CONCLUSIONS Age and dry mouth are important factors affecting gustatory function and whole-mouth saliva, with women exhibiting better taste sensitivity than men. Furthermore, there is no direct correlation between SFR and gustatory function in healthy adults. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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The KEAP1-NRF2 System in Healthy Aging and Longevity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121929. [PMID: 34943032 PMCID: PMC8750203 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is inevitable, but the inherently and genetically programmed aging process is markedly influenced by environmental factors. All organisms are constantly exposed to various stresses, either exogenous or endogenous, throughout their lives, and the quality and quantity of the stresses generate diverse impacts on the organismal aging process. In the current oxygenic atmosphere on earth, oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species is one of the most common and critical environmental factors for life. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-NFE2-related factor 2 (KEAP1-NRF2) system is a critical defense mechanism of cells and organisms in response to redox perturbations. In the presence of oxidative and electrophilic insults, the thiol moieties of cysteine in KEAP1 are modified, and consequently NRF2 activates its target genes for detoxification and cytoprotection. A number of studies have clarified the contributions of the KEAP1-NRF2 system to the prevention and attenuation of physiological aging and aging-related diseases. Accumulating knowledge to control stress-induced damage may provide a clue for extending healthspan and treating aging-related diseases. In this review, we focus on the relationships between oxidative stress and aging-related alterations in the sensory, glandular, muscular, and central nervous systems and the roles of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in aging processes.
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Buchan E, Kelleher L, Clancy M, Stanley Rickard JJ, Oppenheimer PG. Spectroscopic molecular-fingerprint profiling of saliva. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:339074. [PMID: 34711319 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Saliva analysis has been gaining interest as a potential non-invasive source of disease indicative biomarkers due to being a complex biofluid correlating with blood-based constituents on a molecular level. For saliva to cement its usage for analytical applications, it is paramount to gain underpinning molecular knowledge and establish a 'baseline' of the salivary composition in healthy individuals as well as characterize how these factors are impacting its performance as potential analytical biofluid. Here, we have systematically studied the molecular spectral fingerprint of saliva, including the changes associated with gender, age, and time. Via hybrid artificial neural network algorithms and Raman spectroscopy, we have developed a non-destructive molecular profiling approach enabling the assessment of salivary spectral changes yielding the determination of gender and age of the biofluid source. Our classification algorithm successfully identified the gender and age from saliva with high classification accuracy. Discernible spectral molecular 'barcodes' were subsequently constructed for each class and found to primarily stem from amino acid, protein, and lipid changes in saliva. This unique combination of Raman spectroscopy and advanced machine learning techniques lays the platform for a variety of applications in forensics and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Buchan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Liam Kelleher
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michael Clancy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
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46
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Pieczonka TD, Bragiel-Pieczonka AM, Takeuchi Y, Yanagisawa S, Yoshioka M, Ishikawa Y. Effect of Jersey cow defatted dry milk on salivary volume and composition in elderly persons : a pilot study. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2021; 68:280-285. [PMID: 34759145 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.68.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The administration of Leu57-Leu58-His59-Lys60 (LLHK), Leu58-His59-Lys60 (LHK), and His59-Lys60 (HK) from β-lactoglobulin C variant, which is specific to Jersey cow milk, has been shown to prevent and/or restore the age-dependent atrophy and functional decline of salivary glands by affecting gene expression in elderly rats. In this study, we investigated the effect of Jersey cow defatted milk on salivary volume and composition in elderly persons. Participants (aged 85 to 98, n = 8) were administered defatted dry milk from Jersey cows twice a day for 4 weeks. Before and after 4 weeks from the start of drinking, saliva was collected and weighed. Salivary cystatin S and amylase levels were analyzed by Western blotting. To assess the effect of Jersey cow defatted milk on taste perception, questionnaires were used. Salivary volume after oral administration of 40 g of Jersey cow defatted dry milk daily for 4 weeks was 1.8 times higher than that before administration. Salivary cystatin S and amylase levels significantly increased after administration of Jersey cow defatted dry milk. Moreover, all participants who had taste impairment reported improved taste perception after administration. The administration of Jersey cow defatted dry milk increased salivary volume and changed the composition of saliva in elderly persons. Furthermore, it improved taste perception. J. Med. Invest. 68 : 280-285, August, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz D Pieczonka
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.,Present adress : Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Aneta M Bragiel-Pieczonka
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.,Present adress : Department of Clinical Cytology, Centre of Medical Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuko Takeuchi
- Department of Oral Health Science and Social Welfare, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Shizuko Yanagisawa
- Department of Oral Health Science and Social Welfare, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Masami Yoshioka
- Department of Oral Health Science and Social Welfare, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.,Present adress : Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University, 180, Nishihamaboji, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
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Hiltunen K, Saarela RKT, Kautiainen H, Roitto HM, Pitkälä KH, Mäntylä P. Relationship between Fried's frailty phenotype and oral frailty in long-term care residents. Age Ageing 2021; 50:2133-2139. [PMID: 34473831 PMCID: PMC8581380 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND oral frailty (OFr) may be called a syndrome lacking a consensus on its definition. OBJECTIVE the aim was to prove the relationship between OFr to the phenotype of frailty, general health and nutrition in long-term care. DESIGN the FINnish ORAL Health Study in Long-Term Care study is a cross-sectional clinical research comprising findings on oral and general health and nutrition. SETTING participants were divided into groups according to the number of OFr signs: Group 1 (0-1 sign), Group 2 (2-4 signs) and Group 3 (5-6 signs). SUBJECTS the study includes data on 349 older residents of long-term care facilities in Helsinki, Finland. METHODS frailty status was defined according to Fried's frailty phenotype. OFr was evaluated with six signs: dry mouth, diet of pureed or soft food, residue of food on oral surfaces, unclear speech, inability to keep mouth open during the clinical oral examination and pain expression during the examination. RESULTS a significant linear relationship across the OFr groups with Fried's frailty phenotype was found (P for linearity = 0.008, adjusted by gender and age). A linear trend existed between OFr groups and general health; prevalence of dementia and malnutrition increased from Group 1 to Group 3. The need for help with eating and oral hygiene procedures increased from Group 1 to Group 3. Moreover, OFr had a linear relationship with chewing and swallowing difficulties. CONCLUSIONS OFr is related to Fried's frailty phenotype, general health, nutrition and need for help with daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaija Hiltunen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta K T Saarela
- City of Helsinki, Department of Social Services and Health Care, Oral Health Care, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna-Maria Roitto
- City of Helsinki, Department of Social Services and Health Care, Oral Health Care, Helsinki, Finland
- Health Care, Geriatric Clinic, Helsinki Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisu H Pitkälä
- Department of General Practice, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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HATIRLI H, YAŞA B, UZER CELIK E. Yüksek viskoziteli cam iyonomer ile kompozit rezinin lastik örtü kullanılmayan oklüzal restorasyonlardaki klinik performansları: 1 yıllık randomize kontrollü bölünmüş ağız çalışması. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA TURCICA 2021. [DOI: 10.17214/gaziaot.796790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Li Q, Shen J, Qin T, Zhou G, Li Y, Chen Z, Li M. A Qualitative and Comprehensive Analysis of Caries Susceptibility for Dental Fluorosis Patients. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091047. [PMID: 34572628 PMCID: PMC8464924 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental fluorosis (DF) is an endemic disease caused by excessive fluoride exposure during childhood. Previous studies mainly focused on the acid resistance of fluorotic enamel and failed to reach a consensus on the topic of the caries susceptibility of DF patients. In this review, we discuss the role of DF classification in assessing this susceptibility and follow the “four factors theory” in weighing the pros and cons of DF classification in terms of host factor (dental enamel and saliva), food factor, bacteria factor, and DF treatment factor. From our analysis, we find that susceptibility is possibly determined by various factors such as the extent of structural and chemical changes in fluorotic enamel, eating habits, fluoride levels in diets and in the oral cavity, changes in quantity and quality of saliva, and/or oral hygiene. Thus, a universal conclusion regarding caries susceptibility might not exist, instead depending on each individual’s situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (T.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (T.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (T.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ge Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (T.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (T.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China;
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (T.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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50
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Lee S, Jo K, Jeong HG, Choi YS, Yong HI, Jung S. Understanding protein digestion in infants and the elderly: Current in vitro digestion models. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:975-992. [PMID: 34346822 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1957765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The last decades have witnessed a surge of interest in the fate of dietary proteins during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Although several in vitro digestion models are available as alternatives to clinical experiments, most of them focus on the digestive conditions of healthy young adults. This study investigates the static/dynamic models used to simulate digestion in infants and the elderly and considers the related in vivo conditions. The in vitro digestive protocols targeting these two groups are summarized, and the challenges associated with the further development of in vitro digestion models are discussed. Static models rely on several factors (e.g., enzyme concentration, pH, reaction time, and rotation speed) to differentiate digestive conditions depending on age. Dynamic models can more accurately simulate the complex digestion process and allow the inclusion of further parameters (sequential secretion of digestive fluids, gradual changes in pH, peristaltic mixing, GI emptying, and the inoculation of luminal microbiota). In the case of infants, age or growth stage clarification and the differentiation of digestive protocols between full-term and preterm infants are required, whereas protocols dealing with various health statuses are required in the case of the elderly, as this group is prone to oral cavity and GI function deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmin Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyung Jeong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae In Yong
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Samooel Jung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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